KARANKAWAS (Coastal)
❖
Lived on coast between
Galveston and Corpus Christi
❖ Fishermen, used canoes
pushed by poles
❖ Had first contact with
explorers
❖ Extinct as a tribe
❖ Why do you think they are
extinct?
COAHUILTECANS (Coastal)
(Ko•ah•EEL•tay•kunz)
❖
Lived as nomads on southern
coast of Texas and inland from
Rio Grande to San Antonio
❖ Food included deer and rabbit,
women gathered nuts, berries,
lizards, cacti, insects, roots.
❖ Made the most of plants and
wildlife and were known for
their toughness and endurance
❖ Absorbed into Spanish society
Caddo (East)
•
•
•
•
Lived in Piney Woods of East Texas
Developed complex societies
Proficient farmers of pumpkin, beans, corn, etc.
Hunted deer and bears
•Made crafts, baskets,
and pottery
•Women controlled
entire family
•Groups of Caddoes
joined to form
federations
Caddoes, cont.
Caddo villagers worked
together to build their tall,
sturdy, dome shaped grass
houses
Caddo Lake
Named after the
Caddo Indians
ATAKAPANS
❖
Lived in Louisiana and Southeast Texas
(Houston, Beaumont, Tomball, Magnolia)
❖ Little is known about this band of tribes
❖ Hunters of small animals and deer
❖ Fishing with dugout canoes
❖ Gathered roots, berries, some raised crops
❖ Atakapan is Choctaw word for “man eater”
❖ It is unsure if cannibalism was for
subsistence or ritual
❖ Some descendants remain today
TONKAWAS (East)
Tonkawa means “People of the
Wolf” and they believed they
were descendants from a mythical
wolf and therefore never killed
any wolves.
Lived in Central Texas, between
Austin and San Antonio
Had many clans and were friendly
with Karankawa and hospitable to
other tribes
Tonkawas, cont.
•Because wolves were
hunters, Tonkawa were
hunters and did not
farm
•Tribe still exists
Population 593
APACHES (Plains)
❖
Migrated from Canada; Lived in
Southern Great Plains and Central Plains
❖ Hunters; on foot before horses were
brought by Spaniards, often used bison
jumping technique
❖ Relied on buffalo/bison for food, shelter,
weapons. Bones were used for tools,
hide for teepees, clothing, shoes,
blankets, etc.
❖ Famous for their toughness, bravery and
fierce fighting
APACHES, cont.
Who was this
famous Apache
Chief?
Clans lived independently
under a chief
Many clans were nomadic
(move from place to place)
Population: 56,060
throughout Southwestern
U.S.
COMANCHES (Plains)
❖
Migrated from Canada; Lived in Great
Plains, North-Central Texas
❖ Fierce warriors; known for raids,
taking goods and captives
❖ Skilled horsemen; could shoot up to 20
arrows per minute while riding full
speed
❖ Depended on buffalo for their survival
❖ Population today: 14,700
Quanah Parker
Great Comanche Chief
Jumanos & Tiguas (Pueblo)
❖Mountains & Basins
❖Hunted small game and at time
buffalo, farmed near rivers
Adobe houses were made
from mud/clay
Additional Native Texan Facts
❖ Tribes
used local materials for their housing needs
East Texas: use of wood and grasses for beehives,
cabins, wikiups.
❖ Central Texas: use of buffalo hide, brush, limited
wood.
❖ West Texas: Adobe (building materials made from
sun-dried earth and straw)
❖ Texas got its name from the Native Americans.
“Tejas” is the original word, meaning “friend”
Cont.
❖
Arrival of Europeans spelled disastrous for most Native
Americans
❖ Natives did not understand the concept of land ownership,
felt that the earth belongs to everyone
❖ Many died as result of diseases
❖ Many entered treaties with Europeans only to find them
broken by the Europeans
❖ Diseases and conflict has greatly reduced the number of
Natives and their cultures. Some descendants live on
reservations, many alongside other Texans throughout the
state.
❖ A resurgence has started some years ago to preserve and
continue many Native cultural traditions.