64QAM in UL
RL45TD – LTE44
Network Engineering Information
MBB CS NetEng LTE TDD and Performance
Please always check the latest version of this NEI slides here
8/28/2022
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LTE44 – 64QAM in UL
Table of contents
1
Introduction
2
Technical Details
3
Interdependencies
4
Benefits and Gains
5
Configuration Management
3 8/28/2022
Motivation and Feature Overview
Functionality and Implementation, Message Flows
Interdependencies with Other Features and Functions
Simulation, Lab and Field Findings
6
Deployment Aspects
7
Dimensioning Aspects
8
Performance Aspects
9
Compliance Aspects
Activation, Configuration Examples, Fault Mgmt, Trial Area
Dimensioning Impacts and Examples
Counters and KPIs, Feature Impact Analysis and Verification
3GPP, IETF, ETSI
Parameters and Parameterisation scenarios
For internal use
MBB CS NetEng LTE TDD & Performance / Pawel Gorzelewski
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Network
Engineering
Mobile Broadband
LTE44 – 64QAM in UL
Table of contents
1
Introduction
2
Technical Details
3
Interdependencies
4
Benefits and Gains
5
Configuration Management
4 8/28/2022
Motivation and Feature Overview
Functionality and Implementation, Message Flows
Interdependencies with Other Features and Functions
Simulation, Lab and Field Findings
Main Menu
6
Deployment Aspects
7
Dimensioning Aspects
8
Performance Aspects
9
Compliance Aspects
Activation, Configuration Examples, Fault Mgmt, Trial Area
Dimensioning Impacts and Examples
Counters and KPIs, Feature Impact Analysis and Verification
3GPP, IETF, ETSI
Parameters and Parameterisation scenarios
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Introduction
Main Menu
LTE44 – 64QAM in UL
• Feature LTE44 introduces 64 QAM modulation scheme in UL increasing maximum achievable UE uplink
throughput in a very good radio conditions and improving average cell capacity
• Higher peak UL throughputs can be achieved due to the support of higher Modulation and Coding Schemes
(MCSs)  MCS 21 – MCS 28
UL Cell
Capacity
UL Cell
Capacity
Without LTE44 – 64QAM in UL
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With activated LTE44 – 64QAM in UL
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Network
Engineering
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LTE44 – 64QAM in UL
Table of contents
1
Introduction
2
Technical Details
3
Interdependencies
4
Benefits and Gains
5
Configuration Management
6 8/28/2022
Motivation and Feature Overview
Functionality and Implementation, Message Flows
Interdependencies with Other Features and Functions
Simulation, Lab and Field Findings
Main Menu
6
Deployment Aspects
7
Dimensioning Aspects
8
Performance Aspects
9
Compliance Aspects
Activation, Configuration Examples, Fault Mgmt, Trial Area
Dimensioning Impacts and Examples
Counters and KPIs, Feature Impact Analysis and Verification
3GPP, IETF, ETSI
Parameters and Parameterisation scenarios
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Technical Details
Main Menu
Dependency table
FDD LTE
RL release
eNB
NetAct
Release/version
N/A
N/A
N/A
TDD LTE
RL release
eNB
NetAct
Release/version
RL45TD
LNT4.0
NetAct 8 EP1
FlexiZone Micro (FZM)
RL release
eNB
NetAct
Release/version
N/A
N/A
N/A
HW & IOT
HW requirements
MME
SAE GW
UE
Specified by
3GPP
Release/version
FSMr3
N/A
N/A
Cat. 5 & Cat. 8
TS 36.306
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Technical Details
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•
Modulation – process of conveying a message signal (for example a digital bit stream) inside another signal that can be
physically transmitted over the propagation medium (for example radio waves)
•
Bit streams are divided into small bit packages (consisting in case of LTE 2, 4 or 6 bits depending on the applied modulation
scheme) that can be explicitly mapped to the IQ modulation symbols
•
Each and every IQ modulation symbol is defined by the unique signal amplitude and phase combination
Q
Exemplary 16QAM signal representation
Phase
I
11
All
QPSK
modulation
symbols have the same
amplitude however higher
order modulations (for
example 16QAM) uses
more amplitude values
QPSK
0000
1101
1001
0000
Exact data bits mapping to IQ modulation symbols in LTE can be found in 3GPP specification 36.211 Physical Channels and Modulation
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Technical Details
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• Feature LTE44 introduces 64 QAM modulation scheme in uplink extending the range of Modulation and
Coding Schemes (MCSs) that can be used by the UL Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) mechanism
• 64 QAM modulation scheme characteristics:
•
supported in uplink by the MCS 21 – MCS 28
•
carries 6 bits per single modulated symbol (3 times more than QPSK and 1.5 time more than 16 QAM)
•
RESTRICTION: supported only by the 3GPP Category 5 and Category 8 UEs
Q
Q
Q
1111
11
QPSK
9 8/28/2022
I
I
I
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111111
16 QAM
© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2013
64 QAM
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Technical Details
ANIMATION
Signal quality requirements
Main Menu
• Signal transmission over the propagation channel impacts the originally transmitted information causing
distortions to the phase and amplitude of sent symbols
• Lower distance between adjacent modulation symbols in case of 64 QAM causes that the lower distortions
to the symbols’ phases/amplitudes are acceptable for correct signal demodulation at the receiver
Still good SINR –
“sharp” borders
between adjacent
modulation symbols
Poor SINR – no
“sharp” borders
between adjacent
modulation symbols
Much lower distance
between adjacent
modulation symbols
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Technical Details
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Signal quality requirements
• Due to its higher vulnerability to interference, 64 QAM requires higher SINR (Signal to Noise
and Interference Ratio) values than in case of lower order modulations (QPSK or 16 QAM)
• UEs will use 64 QAM modulation in a very good radio conditions (high SINRs) only
UL 1Tx-2Rx, 10% BLER target, 12 PRBs
25,00
QPSK
20,00
64 QAM
16 QAM
SINR [dB]
15,00
10,00
5,00
0,00
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
-5,00
-10,00
*4GMax Link Level simulation results
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MCS index
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25
26
27
28
Technical Details
Main Menu
• Support of the 64 QAM in UL is reported
to the UE in System Information Block 2 (SIB2)
message
(i.e.
PUSCH-ConfigCommon
information element) using enable64QAM flag
• Until the feature LTE44 was introduced
the enable64QAM flag was set statically
to FALSE
• Introduction of feature LTE44 caused
that the flag is dynamically set according
to the configured actModulationSchemeUl
parameter value:
- TRUE for 64QAM or 64QAMand16QAMHighMCS
- FALSE for all other cases
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Technical Details
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• Support of the 64 QAM in UL is reported
by the UE in UE-EUTRA-Capability information
element using ue-Category field or in
UE-EUTRA-Capability-v1020-IEs
information
element using ue-Category-v1020 field
• According to the 3GPP TS 36.306 UEs
of category 6, 7 and 8 set both ue-Category
and ue-Category-v1020 fields:
-
UE Cat. 6 sets ue-Category = 4 and ue-Category-v1020 = 6
-
UE Cat. 7 sets ue-Category = 4 and ue-Category-v1020 = 7
-
UE Cat. 8 sets ue-Category = 5 and ue-Category-v1020 = 8
• If the ue-Category-v1020 field is missing
the eNB determines UE category using only
ue-Category field
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LTE44 – 64QAM in UL
Table of contents
1
Introduction
2
Technical Details
3
Interdependencies
4
Benefits and Gains
5
Configuration Management
14 8/28/2022
Motivation and Feature Overview
Functionality and Implementation, Message Flows
Interdependencies with Other Features and Functions
Simulation, Lab and Field Findings
Main Menu
6
Deployment Aspects
7
Dimensioning Aspects
8
Performance Aspects
9
Compliance Aspects
Activation, Configuration Examples, Fault Mgmt, Trial Area
Dimensioning Impacts and Examples
Counters and KPIs, Feature Impact Analysis and Verification
3GPP, IETF, ETSI
Parameters and Parameterisation scenarios
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Interdependencies
Main Menu
Potentially impacted
feature name
There should be some
impact, but there is not
impact in fact
Limiting feature
Impacted feature
The main feature limits
the limiting feature
Minor impact on the main
feature, e.g. in some very
specific/rare scenarios
Minor impact of the main
feature, e.g. in some very
specific/rare scenarios
The limiting feature
limits the main feature
Main feature
‘main feature supports ‘supporting
feature, e.g. gives extra benefits/gains
Supporting feature
15 8/28/2022
‘supporting feature’ supports
the main feature, e.g. gives
extra benefits/gains
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The feature is prerequisite
for the main feature
The main feature is
prerequisite
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Prerequisite feature
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Interdependencies
Main Menu
• LTE788 – Support of 16 QAM (UL)
-
Feature LTE44 requires that the feature LTE788 is enabled
LTE788
Support of 16 QAM
(UL)
LTE44
64 QAM in UL
• LTE829 – Increased UL MCS range
-
Feature LTE44 overwrites the impact of feature LTE829 when the UE is the 3GPP Category 5 or Category 8
and actModulationSchemeUl parameter value is set to 64QAMand16QAMHighMCS
•
MCS 21 – MCS 24 are used with 64 QAM modulation for UEs with categories 5 and 8 (LTE44 working)  improvement
•
MCS 21 – MCS 24 are used with 16 QAM modulation for all other UE categories (LTE829 working)  no impact
LTE44
64 QAM in UL
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LTE829
Increased UL MCS
range
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LTE44 – 64QAM in UL
Table of contents
1
Introduction
2
Technical Details
3
Interdependencies
4
Benefits and Gains
5
Configuration Management
17 8/28/2022
Motivation and Feature Overview
Functionality and Implementation, Message Flows
Interdependencies with Other Features and Functions
Simulation, Lab and Field Findings
Main Menu
6
Deployment Aspects
7
Dimensioning Aspects
8
Performance Aspects
9
Compliance Aspects
Activation, Configuration Examples, Fault Mgmt, Trial Area
Dimensioning Impacts and Examples
Counters and KPIs, Feature Impact Analysis and Verification
3GPP, IETF, ETSI
Parameters and Parameterisation scenarios
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Benefits and Gains
Main Menu
• Using the 64 QAM modulation scheme improves significantly achievable peak UL throughput
of the users that are in a very good radio conditions comparing to the legacy 16 QAM transmission
(feature LTE788 Support of 16 QAM (UL)):
TDD Frame configuration
20 MHz, 10% BLER
MCS index
20
(16QAM)
24
(16QAMHighMCS)
28
(64QAM)
1
2
(4 UL subframes per frame)
(2 UL subframes per frame)
13.99 Mbps
6.94 Mbps
17.57 Mbps
8.70 Mbps
~40%
24.37 Mbps
~70%
11.99 Mbps
• Activation of the feature LTE44 improves also UL average cell capacity by allowing the users
in a very good radio conditions to use 64 QAM modulation scheme
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Benefits and Gains
Main Menu
MoRSE system level simulation results
DISCLAIMER: The results of simulations shown in this presentation are examples
only. They demonstrate trends (not absolute values) expected after feature activation.
The presented simulations should be analyzed with respect to the assumptions taken.
They may differ from results achievable in real networks.
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Benefits and Gains
Main Menu
MoRSE system level simulation parameters
Parameter
Value
# UEs per cell
10 on average
mobility UEs
random position + movement
traffic model
single bearer per user
non-GBR UE: Full buffer
session length
full buffer: 5s
simulation time
130 sec
UE speed (km/h)
3
Wrap around scenario
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Benefits and Gains
Main Menu
MoRSE system level simulation results
• Simulations were performed for different settings of power control parameters (i.e. P0 and alpha) resulting
in different average cell throughput gains of LTE44 feature
• Results revealed the gains even up to 22% comparing to legacy feature LTE788 Support of 16 QAM (UL)
(maximum MCS 20 transmissions), however there were also scenarios showing only 6% gain
22% gain of LTE44
over LTE788
21 8/28/2022
ISD 500m
P0 = -60
alpha = 1.0
6% gain of LTE44
over LTE788
ISD 500m
P0 = -75
alpha = 1.0
max MCS 20
max MCS 20
max MCS 28
max MCS 28
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Benefits and Gains
Main Menu
MoRSE system level simulation results
• Exact feature gain depends strongly on the power control settings resulting in the UE transmit power
and level of interference observed in the cell – higher UE transmit power leads to higher interference
in the cell, however from the other side it leads to the better SINR in the cell center allowing for higher
MCSs usage that in turn improves average cell throughput
• Another factor impacting average cell throughput are UEs locations and movement paths within the cell – if
most of the UEs are placed far from the cell center then 64 QAM cannot be used due to the poor radio
conditions bringing no gain to the average cell throughput value
• Similar simulations were performed for other ISD values (1732m, 3000m) resulting in the mean LTE44
feature gains as follows:
ISD [m]
500
1732
3000
LTE44 gain
14%
11%
17%
(over LTE788 – 16 QAM in UL)
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Benefits and Gains
ANIMATION
MoRSE system level simulation results
Main Menu
• There were performed also additional simulations showing the UL MCS usage depending on the UE
distance from eNB for different allowed maximal MCSs:
-
max MCS 20  feature LTE788 Support of 16QAM (UL)
max MCS 24  feature LTE829 Increased UL MCS range
max MCS 28  feature LTE44 64QAM in UL
30
max MCS20
Used MCS
25
max MCS24
20
max MCS28
Highest MCSs used only in a very good
radio conditions  low impact on the
Simulations were performedaverage
starting cell
fromcapacity
the UE to
eNB distance
10 m
comparing
to theoflegacy
feature
LTE829
Increased
UL
MCS
range
due
MCS 5 used in initial transmission  parameter iniMcsUl
to the low fraction of UEs with high SINRs
15
10
5
Poor SINR
Good SINR
0
0
23 8/28/2022
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Distance from eNB [m]
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220
240
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260
280
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300
320
LTE44 – 64QAM in UL
Table of contents
1
Introduction
2
Technical Details
3
Interdependencies
4
Benefits and Gains
5
Configuration Management
24 8/28/2022
Motivation and Feature Overview
Functionality and Implementation, Message Flows
Interdependencies with Other Features and Functions
Simulation, Lab and Field Findings
Main Menu
6
Deployment Aspects
7
Dimensioning Aspects
8
Performance Aspects
9
Compliance Aspects
Activation, Configuration Examples, Fault Mgmt, Trial Area
Dimensioning Impacts and Examples
Counters and KPIs, Feature Impact Analysis and Verification
3GPP, IETF, ETSI
Parameters and Parameterisation scenarios
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Configuration Management
Main Menu
Parameter actModulationSchemeUL
•
Range of the parameter actModulationSchemeUL is extended to support 64 QAM modulation using higher Modulation
and Coding Schemes (MCS 21 – MCS 28)
actModulationSchemeUL
Activate modulation scheme UL
Object:
Range:
LNCEL
This parameter defines the modulation schemes that can be used in UL
transmissions depending on the MCS ranges and UE categories:
Default:
Multiplicity:
Category:
QPSK (0)
1
BASIC
{QPSK, 16QAM,
16QAMHighMCS, 64QAM,
64QAMand16QAMHighMCS}
Modulation schemes used for certain MCS ranges
Parameter value
QPSK
MCS11 – MCS20
MCS21 – MCS24
MCS25 – MCS28
QPSK
not available
not available
not available
QPSK
16 QAM
(All UE Cat.)
(All UE Cat.)
not available
not available
not available
(All UE Cat.)
16QAM
16QAMHighMCS
NEW
MCS0 – MCS10
64QAM
QPSK
16 QAM
16 QAM
(All UE Cat.)
(All UE Cat.)
(All UE Cat.)
QPSK
16 QAM
64 QAM
64 QAM
(All UE Cat.)
(All UE Cat.)
(UE Cat. 5 and 8)
(UE Cat. 5 and 8)
QPSK
16 QAM
(UE Cat. 1-4 and 6, 7)
64 QAM
(All UE Cat.)
(All UE Cat.)
64 QAM
(UE Cat. 5 and 8)
16 QAM
64QAMand16QAMHighMCS
(UE Cat. 5 and 8)
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Mobile Broadband
LTE44 – 64QAM in UL
Table of contents
1
Introduction
2
Technical Details
3
Interdependencies
4
Benefits and Gains
5
Configuration Management
27 8/28/2022
Motivation and Feature Overview
Functionality and Implementation, Message Flows
Interdependencies with Other Features and Functions
Simulation, Lab and Field Findings
Main Menu
6
Deployment Aspects
7
Dimensioning Aspects
8
Performance Aspects
9
Compliance Aspects
Activation, Configuration Examples, Fault Mgmt, Trial Area
Dimensioning Impacts and Examples
Counters and KPIs, Feature Impact Analysis and Verification
3GPP, IETF, ETSI
Parameters and Parameterisation scenarios
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Deployment Aspects
Main Menu
BTS Site Manager
• Feature can be activated in the BTS Site Manager tool by selecting proper Modulation option:
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LTE44 – 64QAM in UL
Table of contents
1
Introduction
2
Technical Details
3
Interdependencies
4
Benefits and Gains
5
Configuration Management
29 8/28/2022
Motivation and Feature Overview
Functionality and Implementation, Message Flows
Interdependencies with Other Features and Functions
Simulation, Lab and Field Findings
Main Menu
6
Deployment Aspects
7
Dimensioning Aspects
8
Performance Aspects
9
Compliance Aspects
Activation, Configuration Examples, Fault Mgmt, Trial Area
Dimensioning Impacts and Examples
Counters and KPIs, Feature Impact Analysis and Verification
3GPP, IETF, ETSI
Parameters and Parameterisation scenarios
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Dimensioning Aspects
Main Menu
RAN Dim
• Feature can be activated in RAN Dim tool using the proper checkbox 64 QAM in UL
Download the latest version of RAN Dim at
https://sharenet-ims.inside.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/Overview/D390827325
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Dimensioning Aspects
Main Menu
Peak UL throughput
30000
16QAM (MCS20)
25000
16QAM (MCS24)
20000
64QAM (MCS28)
15000
10000
5000
0
0
81
82
84
86
87
88
90
94
98
101
103
107
109
111
118
119
121
130
136
141
145
151
159
163
170
176
184
188
200
208
217
233
253
• Operating band: 2600 MHz
• Clutter type: Dense Urban
• Duplex mode: TDD
• Frame configuration: 1
• Special subframe format: 7
• Transmit power / antenna gain:
• UE: 0.25 W / 0 dBi
• Antenna configuration:
• UL: 1Tx – 2Rx
• User throughput requirements:
• UL: maximized per MCS
• BLER: 10%
Peak UL user throughput
Peak UL user throughput
[kbps]
General assumptions
Distance from eNB [m]
Conclusions
• As the feature LTE44 – 64QAM in UL introduces high order modulation that requires a very good radio conditions (high SINR values) it will
not impact the cell range calculations  the radio conditions at the cell edge are rather poor causing that the usage of high MCSs will
not be possible
• Impact of the activation of 64 QAM modulation will be visible only near the eNB where a very good radio conditions can be expected 
maximum achievable UL user throughput will be improved comparing to lower order modulations (QPSK or 16 QAM)
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Dimensioning Aspects
Main Menu
Capacity dimensioning
• Operating band: 2600 MHz
• Clutter type: Dense Urban
• Inter Site Distance: 500 m
• Duplex mode: TDD
• Frame configuration: 1
• Special subframe format: 7
• Antenna configuration:
• UL: 2Rx MRC
• Frequency scheduler:
• UL: Channel aware
Average UL cell capacity
7600
Average UL cell capacity
[kbps]
General assumptions
7400
7200
7000
14%
10%
6800
6600
6400
6200
6000
16QAM (MCS20)
16QAM (MCS24)
64QAM (MCS28)
Conclusions
• Activation of feature LTE44 – 64QAM in UL brings slight average UL cell throughput improvement – about 14% comparing to basic 16QAM
(MCS20) transmission and about 4% comparing to 16QAM with MCS24 (activated feature LTE829 – Increased UL MCS range)
• Improvement of average cell capacity is quite low comparing to the MCS24 transmission (LTE829 – Increased UL MCS range) due to the fact
that 64 QAM modulation requires much better radio conditions (higher SINR values)  64 QAM can be used close to the eNB causing
that only small fraction of UEs in the cell will use it (assuming all of them are UL 64 QAM capable)
14
11
17%
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LTE44 – 64QAM in UL
Table of contents
1
Introduction
2
Technical Details
3
Interdependencies
4
Benefits and Gains
5
Configuration Management
33 8/28/2022
Motivation and Feature Overview
Functionality and Implementation, Message Flows
Interdependencies with Other Features and Functions
Simulation, Lab and Field Findings
Main Menu
6
Deployment Aspects
7
Dimensioning Aspects
8
Performance Aspects
9
Compliance Aspects
Activation, Configuration Examples, Fault Mgmt, Trial Area
Dimensioning Impacts and Examples
Counters and KPIs, Feature Impact Analysis and Verification
3GPP, IETF, ETSI
Parameters and Parameterisation scenarios
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Performance Aspects
Main Menu
New counters
• Together with feature LTE44 there were introduced additional counters for monitoring
the performance of newly supported MCS 25 – MCS 28
- support of MCS 21 – MCS 24 was already introduced in RL25TD by the feature LTE829 Increased UL
MCS range
- some of the counters are already available from the previous releases
• REMARK: Please note that even though the feature LTE44 is activated the newly introduced
counters for MCS 25 – MCS 28 can be not updated due to some reasons:
- Lack of the UEs supporting 64QAM in UL (3GPP UE Cat. 5 and Cat.8) in the cell during
the measurement period
- UEs supporting 64QAM in UL may be in the radio conditions not good enough (i.e. low SINR) for using
64QAM in UL over MCS 25 – MCS 28
34 8/28/2022
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New counters (1/3)
Counters (new)
Description
PUSCH_1ST_TRANS_MCS25 (M8001C274)
PUSCH_1ST_TRANS_MCS26 (M8001C275)
PUSCH_1ST_TRANS_MCS27 (M8001C276)
PUSCH_1ST_TRANS_MCS28 (M8001C277)
The measurements represent the number of first transmissions on PUSCH using
MCS 25 – MCS 28.
Measurement: 8001 LTE Cell Load
Unit: integer number
Trigger event: Counter is updated each time the first transmission on PUSCH using
corresponding MCS is received.
Use case: Ratio of successful first transmissions on PUSCH using certain MCS. Example
for MCS25 (for other MCSs please use appropriate counters):
RATIO_PUSCH_1ST_TRANS_SUCC_RATIO_MCS25 =
(PUSCH_1ST_TRANS_MCS25 – PUSCH_1ST_TRANS_NACK_MCS25) /
PUSCH_1ST_TRANS_MCS25 =
(M8001C274 – M8001C278) / M8001C274
35 8/28/2022
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New counters (2/3)
Counters (new)
Description
PUSCH_1ST_TRANS_NACK_MCS25 (M8001C278)
PUSCH_1ST_TRANS_NACK_MCS26 (M8001C279)
PUSCH_1ST_TRANS_NACK_MCS27 (M8001C280)
PUSCH_1ST_TRANS_NACK_MCS28 (M8001C281)
The measurements represent the number of not acknowledged first transmissions
on PUSCH using MCS 25 – MCS 28.
Measurement: 8001 LTE Cell Load
Unit: integer number
Trigger event: Counter is updated each time the first transmission on PUSCH using
corresponding MCS is NACKed.
Use case: Ratio of unsuccessful first transmissions on PUSCH using certain MCS.
Example for MCS25 (for other MCSs please use appropriate counters):
RATIO_PUSCH_1ST_TRANS_BLER_MCS25 =
PUSCH_1ST_TRANS_NACK_MCS25 / PUSCH_1ST_TRANS_MCS25 =
M8001C278 / M8001C274
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New counters (3/3)
Counters (new)
Description
TB_BAD_PUSCH_MCS25 (M8001C291)
TB_BAD_PUSCH_MCS26 (M8001C292)
TB_BAD_PUSCH_MCS27 (M8001C293)
TB_BAD_PUSCH_MCS28 (M8001C294)
The measurements represent the number of unsuccessful receptions on PUSCH using
MCS 25 – MCS 28. Only not transmitted Transport Blocks (TBs) exceeding maximum
HARQ retransmissions are considered.
Trigger event: Counter is updated each time the maximum number of HARQ
retransmissions is exceeded for the Transport Block.
Measurement: 8001 LTE Cell Load
Unit: integer number
TB_VOL_PUSCH_MCS25 (M8012C152)
TB_VOL_PUSCH_MCS26 (M8012C153)
TB_VOL_PUSCH_MCS27 (M8012C154)
TB_VOL_PUSCH_MCS28 (M8012C155)
Measurement: 8012 LTE Cell Throughput
Unit: bytes
37 8/28/2022
The measurements represent the size of the Transport Blocks scheduled on PUSCH using
the MCS 25 – MCS 28. The volume of MAC PDU’s is considered.
Trigger event: Counter is updated each time the MAC PDU is scheduled (retransmissions
are also included).
Use case: Ratio of UL traffic volume using MCS 25 – MCS 28 similar to already existing
KPI E-UTRAN Percentage of UL Traffic Volume using High MCS codes (LTE_396b)
RATIO_VOL_PUSCH_MCS25_to_MCS28 =
SUM(TB_VOL_PUSCH_MCS25, ..., TB_VOL_PUSCH_MCS28) /
SUM(TB_VOL_PUSCH_MCS0, ..., TB_VOL_PUSCH_MCS28)
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Existing counters
Counters (existing)
Description
PUSCH_TRANS_USING_MCS25 (M8001C41)
PUSCH_TRANS_USING_MCS26 (M8001C42)
PUSCH_TRANS_USING_MCS27 (M8001C43)
PUSCH_TRANS_USING_MCS28 (M8001C44)
The measurements represent the number of all transmissions on PUSCH using MCS 25 – MCS 28.
Measurement: 8001 LTE Cell Load
Unit: integer number
RATIO_PUSCH_TRANS_MCS25_to_MCS28 =
SUM(PUSCH_TRANS_USING_MCS25, ..., PUSCH_TRANS_USING_MCS28) /
SUM(PUSCH_TRANS_USING_MCS0, ..., PUSCH_TRANS_USING_MCS28
PUSCH_TRANS_NACK_MCS25 (M8001C99)
PUSCH_TRANS_NACK_MCS26 (M8001C100)
PUSCH_TRANS_NACK_MCS27 (M8001C101)
PUSCH_TRANS_NACK_MCS28 (M8001C102)
The measurements represent the number of not acknowledged transmissions on PUSCH using
MCS 25 – to MCS 28 over the measurement period.
Trigger event: Counter is updated each time corresponding MCS is used for transmission
on PUSCH.
Use case: Ratio of PUSCH transmissions using MCS 25 – MCS 28 similar to already existing KPI
E-UTRAN Percentage of PUSCH transmissions using High MCS Codes (LTE_173a)
Trigger event: Counter is updated each time PUSCH transmission using corresponding
MCS is NACKed.
Use case: Ratio of unsuccessful transmissions on PUSCH using certain MCS. Example for MCS25
(for other MCSs please use appropriate counters):
Measurement: 8001 LTE Cell Load
Unit: integer number
38 8/28/2022
PUSCH_TRANS_BLER_MCS25 =
PUSCH_TRANS_NACK_MCS25 / PUSCH_TRANS_USING_MCS25 =
M8001C99 / M8001C41
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Feature impact on network performance
Feature impact
How to measure
Possibility of using higher order modulation (64 QAM) in UL
may lead to the UL throughput increase, especially when
many 64 QAM capable UEs (3GPP UE Cat. 5 and Cat. 8) are
in a very good radio conditions in the cell
REMARK: such effect can be expected only if the offered
traffic is high enough  for low offered traffic high MCSs will
not be used causing no impact on the UL throughput
KPIs:
• E-UTRAN Average PDCP Layer Active Cell Throughput UL (LTE_5289c)
Possibility of UL PRB utilization decrease due to the usage
of higher order modulation (64 QAM)  the same data volume
can be sent with less PRBs used as the single modulation
symbol carries 1.5 times more information than in case of 16
QAM modulation
KPIs:
39 8/28/2022
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• E-UTRAN Average PRB usage per TTI UL (LTE_5273a)
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LTE44 – 64QAM in UL
Table of contents
1
Introduction
2
Technical Details
3
Interdependencies
4
Benefits and Gains
5
Configuration Management
40 8/28/2022
Motivation and Feature Overview
Functionality and Implementation, Message Flows
Interdependencies with Other Features and Functions
Simulation, Lab and Field Findings
Main Menu
6
Deployment Aspects
7
Dimensioning Aspects
8
Performance Aspects
9
Compliance Aspects
Activation, Configuration Examples, Fault Mgmt, Trial Area
Dimensioning Impacts and Examples
Counters and KPIs, Feature Impact Analysis and Verification
3GPP, IETF, ETSI
Parameters and Parameterisation scenarios
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• Feature LTE44 – 64QAM in UL is supported only by the 3GPP UE Categories 5 and 8 that
support 64 QAM modulation scheme in UL
• UE Categories 1 – 4 and 6, 7 does not support the 64 QAM modulation in UL – there will be
no gain observed for them after feature activation
UE Category
Maximum number of
UL-SCH transport
block bits transmitted
within a TTI
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3
Category 4
Category 5
Category 6
Category 7
Category 8
5160
25456
51024
51024
75376
51024
102048
1497760
Maximum number
of bits of an ULSCH transport
block transmitted
within a TTI
5160
25456
51024
51024
75376
51024
51024
149776
Support for
64QAM in UL
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
3GPP TS 36.306, table 4.1-2
41 8/28/2022
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References
Main Menu
• CFAM LTE44 64QAM in UL (ver. 2.0)
available in DOORS  LTE System > CFAM
• RRM SFS
available in DOORS  LTE System > LTE SFS Modules > LTE FDD Radio Resource Management
• 3GPP TS 36.211 – Physical Channels and Modulation
available on 3GPP web page: http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/36211.htm
• 3GPP TS 36.306 – User Equipment (UE) radio access capabilities
available on 3GPP web page: http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/36306.htm
• 3GPP TS 36.331 – Radio Resource Control (RRC), Protocol specification
available on 3GPP web page: http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/36331.htm
42 8/28/2022
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