Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
Test Bank for Abnormal Psychology 8th Edition by Barlow
Complete downloadable file at:
https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Abnormal-Psychology-8th-Edition-by-Barlow
1. According to the authors of your textbook, the definition of a psychological disorder is associated with
a. stress.
b. Impaired functioning.
c. Culturally expected responses.
d. Psychotic symptoms.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16. APA1.1a - Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components
of behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation)
OTHER:
TYPE: Factual
2. A psychological dysfunction refers to
a. A breakdown in cognitive functioning.
b. A breakdown in emotional functioning.
c. A breakdown in behavioral functioning.
d. Any of these.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
Understanding Psychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16. APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological, psychological, and social components of
behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation)
OTHER:
TYPE: Factual
NOTES:
NEW
3. Regarding the definition of abnormality, it is correct to state that
a. It is difficult to define “normal” and “abnormal.”
b. abnormalitydependssolelyon subjectivedistress.
c. thedefinition isuniversalacrosscultures.
d. thecriteriadifferdependingon whether theindividualhasapsychologicaldisorderorapsychological
dysfunction.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents
ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation)
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
4. Thecriterionthataparticularbehaviorbeatypical ornotculturallyexpectedisinsufficientto defineabnormality because
a. behavior thatoccurs infrequentlyisconsidered abnormalin everyculture.
b. theatypicalbehaviormustalsocauseharmor impairment to beconsideredabnormal.
c. behaviorsvary verylittlefromone individualto anotherwithineachculture.
d. manypeoplebehave in ways thatdeviatefromtheaverage, butthisdoesn’tmean thattheyhaveadisorder.
ANSWER:
d
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: UnderstandingPsychopathology
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
5. Amalecollegestudentbegins feelingsad and lonely.Althoughstill ableto go to classesandworkathisjob, hefinds himself
feelingdown much of thetimeandworriesaboutwhatishappeningto him. Whichpartofthedefinition of
abnormalityappliesto his situation?
a. Personal distress
b. Culturalfactors
c. Impairedfunctioning
d. Violationofsocietalnorms
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents
ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation)
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
6. Mark has dyed his hair purple. Although his friends like the color, his older aunts have been giving him strange looks.
Mark is applying for jobs and has not yet had any job offers. He suspects that potential employers are not taking him
seriously because of his hair color. Which part of abnormality applies to Mark’s employment situation?
a. Personal Distress
b. Cultural Factors
c. Impaired Functioning
d. Violation of Social Norms
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of
behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation)
OTHER: TYPE: Applied
7. Talking loudly and smoking is more appropriate in an Egyptian movie theatre than an American one. This illustrates which
norm?
a. Personal Distress
b. Cultural Factors
c. Impaired Functioning
d. Violation of Social Norms
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of
behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation)
OTHER: TYPE: Applied
8. Which of the following is true:
a. There is clear consensus on the definition of mental health disease.
b. There is no clear consensus on the definition of disease but there is a clear definition of mental health disorder.
c. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) never changes its definitions.
d. The DSM is based on prototypes or symptoms and examples of the phenomenon in question.
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of
behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation)
OTHER: TYPE: Applied
9. Whichof the following degreesisearnedbyapsychiatrist?
a. Ph.D.
b. Ed.D.
c. M.D.
d. Psy.D.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents
ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation)
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
10. With which of the following terminal degrees can you practice therapy?
a. Master’s degree in business administration
b. Bachelor’s degree in psychology
c. Ph.D. in psychology with additional licensing requirements
d. Ph.D. in non-profit management
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a - Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of
behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation)
OTHER: TYPE: Factual
11. RockyStarrisamalerockerwho wears outlandishmakeupandwomen’sclothingwhenperformingon stage.This
behavior isconsidered
a. moreabnormalthanthatofan accountantwho startstodo so becauserockstarsaresupposed tobevery
masculine.
b. lessabnormalthan thatofan accountant whostartstodo so becauseitisconsistentwith hisprofessional
success.
c. lessabnormalthan thatofan accountantwhostartstodo so becauseitsmorecommon to see arockstarin
makeup.
d. justasabnormalasthatofan accountantwho startstodo so becauseabnormalityisdefined bytheindividual himself.
ANSWER:
DIFFICULTY:
b
Moderate
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents
ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation)
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
12. Theprototypeofadisorderreflects
asdescribedin DSM-5.
a. itshistoryandprognosis
b. itsbiologicalunderpinnings
c. thecausesofpathology
d. the“typical”profileand diagnosticcriteria
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents
ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation)
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
13. Thescientificstudyofpsychological disordersiscalled
a. psychopathology.
b. psychoanalysis.
c. pseudoscience.
d. parapsychology.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents
ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation)
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
14. Dr. Simons is studying learning behavior in rats. What is likely her main field of study?
a. Behaviorism
b. Oedipal theory
c. Psychiatry
d. Humanistic Psychology
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a - Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of
behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation)
OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual
15. Why is the biological theoretical model considered a newer field of study than the psychological theoretical model?
a. Brain scans can tell us about brain structure.
b. The field of genetics is relatively young.
c. We have more powerful microscopes than we have had in the past.
d. All of the above are true.
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a - Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of
behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation)
OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
16. Dr.Smith isinterested in howseparationanxietychangesovertime fromchildhood to adolescencein the general
population.What ishismain fieldofstudy?
a. Oedipaltheory
b. Behaviorism
c. Childpsychopathology
d. Developmentalpsychology
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents
ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation)
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
17. All ofthefollowingareways in whichmentalhealth professionalsmight functionasscientist-practitionersEXCEPT
a. analyzingtheirown motivationsandreasons forhelpingpeoplewith psychologicalproblems.
b. evaluatingtheirown assessmentsandtreatmentsforeffectiveness.
c. conductingresearchleadingto new informationaboutmentaldisordersandtheir treatments.
d. usingthemostcurrentdiagnosticand treatmentprocedures.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents
ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation)
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
18. Tameka,havingearnedhermaster’s degree,hasbegun treatingdisordersand concentratingon familyproblems.
Tameka isprobablya(n)
a. psychiatricsocialworker.
b. familytherapist.
c. psychiatricnurse.
d. mentalhealth counselor.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents
ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation)
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
19. Statisticaldataare oftenrelevantwhendiscussing psychologicaldisorders.Forexample,aresearcher mightwantto
knowhowmanynew casesofdepressionarediagnosed each year, afigurecalledthe
ofthedisorder.
a. prevalence
b. incidence
c. recurrence
d. ratio
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents
ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation)
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
20. Psychologicaldisorderscan bedescribedasfollowinga typicalcourseorindividualpattern. Forexample,
schizophreniafollowsachroniccourse.Ontheotherhand,mood disorders,includingdepression, follow a(n)
course.
a. episodic
b. acute
c. cyclic
d. insidious
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents
ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation)
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
21. Ifapsychologicaldisorderissaidtohave an acuteonset, itmeans that thesymptomsdeveloped
a. suddenly.
b. atypically.
c. gradually.
d. followinga period of recovery.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents
ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation)
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
22. When20-year-old Larrywas firstdiagnosed with schizophrenia,hisfamilywantedto knowifandhowthedisorder would
progressandhowit would affect himin the future.In medicalterms, the familywanted to know Larry’s
a. diagnosis.
b. prognosis.
c. pathophysiology.
d. diseaseetiology.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents
ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation)
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
23. Atvarioustimes inhistory, in anattempttoexplain problematic,irrationalbehavior, humanshavefocused on
supernaturalcausesthatinclude
a. witchcraft.
b. demonsandevilspirits.
c. themoon andstars.
d. allof theabove.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical events,theoretical perspectives,
andfigures in psychologyand their linktotrends incontemporaryresearch
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
24. Throughouthistory,allof thesetheoreticalmodelshave been usedto primarilyexplainourbehavior, thinkingand
emotionsEXCEPT
a. psychological.
b. biological.
c. supernatural.
d.physical.
ANSWER:
DIFFICULTY:
REFERENCES:
OTHER:
b
Moderate
UnderstandingPsychopathology
TYPE:Conceptual
25. Towardtheendofthe14th centuryandcontinuingintothe15th, thecausesof“madness”weregenerallyattributed to
a. toxinsin theblood.
b. religiousdelusions.
c. braindisease.
d. demonsandwitches.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical events,theoretical perspectives,
andfigures in psychologyand their linktotrends incontemporaryresearch
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
26. Whichofthe followingaccuratelydescribestheattitudesoftheCatholicChurch towardmentallyillpeople duringthe
turbulentpoliticalandreligiouseventsofthe 14th and15th centuries?
a. They were considered tobesufferingfromreligiousdelusionsandwerecared forby membersofthechurch
communities.
b. They were seenaspossessedbyevilspiritsandblamed forallmisfortunes.
c. They were regardedasbasicallygood individualswhowerenotresponsiblefor theirabnormalbehavior.
d. They were providedwith medical treatmentsandsometimeshospitalizedbecausementalillnesswasregarded
asequivalentto physicalillness.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical events,theoretical perspectives,
andfigures in psychologyand their linktotrends incontemporaryresearch
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
27. DuringtheMiddleAges, aswellasatothertimes, mentallyillpeopleweresometimesforcedto undergothereligious
ritualcalledexorcism. This was inorderto
a. curethementalillnessbymakingthe individual more religious.
b. buildup musclestrengthand make thepersonhealthier.
c. ridtheindividual’sbodyofevilspirits.
d. prove thatthe person wasnotawitch.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical events,theoretical perspectives,
andfigures in psychologyand their linktotrends incontemporaryresearch
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
28. SigmundFreud proposed thatmanyphysicalcomplaintssufferedby youngwomen
a. wereaformofdivinepunishment.
b. reflectedstressplacedupon thembysociety.
c. resultedfromthe“conversion”ofsexualfantasies intosociallyacceptableoutlets.
d. resultedfromtherisein feminism.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical events,theoretical perspectives,
andfigures in psychologyand their linktotrends incontemporaryresearch
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
th
29. In the late19 century, John P. Greyandhiscolleagues
a. discovered thefirstcureforschizophrenia.
b. ironicallyreduced interestin treatingmentalpatients.
c. changed thefieldofpsychologicalresearchlargelyinto abiologicalscience.
d. createdthefirst humane treatmentfacilitiesformentallyillpatients.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
30. DSM-5, an updatedversion oftheDiagnosticandStatistical ManualofMentalDisorders, waspublished in
a. 1994.
b. 2000.
c. 2002.
d. 2013.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
31. Researchaboutpsychologicaldisorders fallsinto threebasiccategories.WhichisNOToneofthesecategories?
a. Analysis
b. Description
c. Causation(etiology)
d. Treatmentandoutcomes
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
32. The authorsdescribeanexampleofconditioninginwhichcancerpatientsdevelop anegativereaction toa varietyof
peopleandthingsassociatedwiththeir chemotherapy treatments.Thephenomenon iscalled
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
a. generalizedconditioning.
b. stimulusgeneralization.
c. varietystimulus.
d. stimulusdiscrimination.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: UnderstandingPsychopathology
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
33. Onehotandhumid night, oneofyourfriendssuggestsdoingsome reallycrazythings.You lookupattheskyandsay,
“Itmustbe the fullmoon.” Yourstatementreflects theconceptfromwhichthe word
isderived.
a. lunatic
b. idiot
c. maniac
d. psychopath
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: TheSupernatural Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
34. Inducedvomitingwasa17th centurytreatmentfordepression. AsdescribedinAnatomy ofMelancholy(1621),this
couldbeaccomplishedin partbyeating
a. raw meat.
b. ice.
c. coal.
d. tobacco.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: TheSupernatural Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
35. Youare listeningto oldmusicaltunes, including “MyMelancholy Baby.” Yourfriendsareimpressedwhenyou tell
themthat “melancholic,”referringtoadepressivepersonality,derivesfromaGreekword meaning
a. blood.
b. phlegm.
c. yellow bile.
d. blackbile.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
36. Accordingto Hippocrates’humoraltheory, the“choleric”personalityis
a. hot-tempered.
b. easygoing.
c. kind.
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
d. cheap.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
37. Basedon Hippocrates’humoraltheory,“sanguine”describesapersonwhois
a. pessimistic.
b. pale.
c. cheerful.
d. humorous.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
38. Bloodletting,atreatmentdevisedcenturiesago torestore thebalanceofhumors,wasaccomplished with the useof
a. needles.
b. leeches.
c. tourniquets.
d. bacteria.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
39. In ancientGreece,awomansufferingfrom“hysteria”mightbetoldthatherconditioncould becuredby
a. marriage.
b. pregnancy.
c. therapy.
d. divorce.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
40. In ancientGreece,some“humoralexcesses”thought tobecausingpsychologicaldisordersweretreatedby
a. increasingordecreasingtheperson’sexposureto heat,dryness,moisture,orcold.
b. herbalremedies.
c. decreasingbothcaloricandliquidintake.
d. loweringtheperson’sbodytemperatureforextended periodsoftime.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
41. Inkeeping withan acceptedtreatment formentalillness inthe14th century,aphysiciantreatingKing CharlesVIof
Francehadhim moved to the countrysidein orderto
a. havehimcloser toahospitalthat treatedmentalillness.
b. keephimawayfromhis family.
c. restore thebalancein hishumors.
d.curehimofhysteria.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
42. In anattemptto rid thebodyof theexcessivehumorsthoughtto becausingpsychological disorders, physicians
throughouthistoryhave used treatments suchas
a. bloodletting.
b. inducedseizures.
c. exorcism.
d. drillingthrough theskull.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
43. The conceptofhysteria, whichtraditionallymeantphysicalsymptoms forwhichno organicpathologycould befound,
isnowassociatedwith whichDSM-5 classification?
a. Anxietydisorders
b. Borderlinepersonalitydisorder
c. Premenstrual symptomdisorder
d. Somaticsymptomdisorder
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
44. Thetraditional tendencyto stigmatizewomenas“hysterical”derived fromHippocrates’ conceptof
a. the“wanderingwomb.”
b. an“incompetentcervix.”
c. “penisenvy.”
d. “pelvicdysfunction.”
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
45. Theterm“hysteria”derives fromtheGreekhysteron, whichmeans
a. vagina.
b. uterus.
c. penis.
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
d. libido.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
46. Thefirst significant supportingevidence forabiologicalcauseofamentaldisorderwasthe19thcenturydiscovery that
thepsychoticdisorder calledgeneralparesiswascaused bythesamebacterialmicroorganismthat causes
a. malaria.
b. Alzheimer’sdisease.
c. syphilis.
d. Thecommon cold.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
47. In the19thcentury,John Grey, awell-known Americanpsychiatrist,believedthatmentalillnesswasdueto
a. psychologicalfactors.
b. physical causes.
c. social/environmental influences.
d. unknown influences.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
TheBiological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical events,theoretical perspectives,
andfigures in psychologyand their linktotrends incontemporaryresearch
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
48. Moral Therapy focuses on:
a. Social contact
b. Interpersonal contact
c. Teaching within holy books
d. a and b are correct
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: The Psychological Perspective
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER: TYPE: Factual
49. In the1950s,the firsteffectivedrugs forseverepsychoticdisordersweredevelopedin asystematicway.Before that
time,allofthefollowingwereusedtotreatpsychosisEXCEPT
a. opium.
b. neuroleptics.
c. herbalmedicine.
d. moraltherapy.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
50. In the1800s,animportantresearchandclinicalpublicationread bypsychiatristsintheUnited Stateswastitled
a. CaseStudiesin MentalIllness.
b. AmericanJournalofMadness.
c. AmericanJournalofInsanity.
d. Lunaticsin America.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
51. Withthediscoveryofthe majortranquilizerscalled
_, itbecamepossible tocontrolpsychoticsymptoms,
includinghallucinations,delusions,andaggressiveness.
a. neuroleptics
b. benzodiazepines
c. bromides
d. opiates
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
52. Benzodiazepines,or“minor”tranquilizerssuch asValiumandLibrium,areeffective inreducingthesymptomsof
a. depression.
b. anxiety.
c. schizophrenia.
d. hysteria.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
TheBiological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical events,theoretical perspectives,
andfigures in psychologyand their linktotrends incontemporaryresearch
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
53. In the late1800s,the emphasison abiologicalcauseofmentaldisorderironicallyresultedinreducedinterest in
treatments formentalpatientsbecauseitwas thoughtthat
a. physiciansshould devotemoretime to the physicallyill.
b. patientswould improvemorerapidlyiftheywerenothospitalized.
c. thehospitalstaffwasnotadequately trainedto administernewtreatments.
d. mentalillnessdueto brainpathology was incurable.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
TheBiological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical events,theoretical perspectives,
andfigures in psychologyand their linktotrends incontemporaryresearch
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
54. In contrast to the asylumsof theearly18th century, thepsychosocialapproach called“moraltherapy”advocatedallof
thefollowingEXCEPT
a. restraintandseclusion.
b. normalsocial interaction.
c. individual attentionfromthehospital staff.
d. lecturesoninterestingsubjectsforhospitalizedpatients.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: 1
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
55. AfterPhilippePinelsystematicallyintroducedmoraltherapyasatreatment inmentalhospitals inFrance,asimilar
typeoftreatmentwasfirstestablished inaU.S. hospitalby
a. BenjaminRush.
b. WilliamTuke.
c. Josephvon Medina.
d. ManfredSakel.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
56. After themid 1800s,moraltherapydeclinedasatreatmentforthementallyillin theUnitedStates because
a. thenumberofpatients inmentalinstitutionsalsodeclined.
b. immigrantscausedan increasein thementalhospitalpopulation.
c. thenumberofpeopleavailabletostaffmentalhospitalsincreased.
d. new biologicallybasedtreatmentsbecameavailable.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
57. Youhave been askedto givea reportonthementalhygienemovementanditsforemost crusader,DorotheaDix, who
campaignedformorehumanetreatmentoftheinsane.Aftermentioningallofheraccomplishments,younotethe
unforeseenconsequenceofherefforts,namely,
a. adecreasein thenumberofmentalpatients ininstitutions, forcingmanyto close.
b. an increaseinthenumberofmentalpatients,resultingin insufficient stafftocarefor them.
c. achangefromcustodialcare tomoraltherapyfor institutionalizedpatients.
d. morepatients receivingpsychotherapyand fewerreceivingmedication.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
58. AntonMesmer, an early18th centuryphysician, purportedto beaffectingcures inpatientsbyunblockingtheirflowof
abodilyfluidhe called“animalmagnetism.”In fact,anyeffectivenessofhismethodswasactuallydueto
a. undetectablemagneticfields.
b. chemicallyinducedhumoralbalance.
c. mentaltelepathy.
d. thepowerofsuggestion.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
59.
demonstratedthatsome techniquesofmesmerismwereeffectivewith severalpsychologicaldisorders.
a. PhilippePinel
b. AntonMesmer
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
c. SigmundFreud
d. Jean-MartinCharcot
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
60. Whichofthe followingaccuratelydescribesthepatientsofFreud and Breueraftertheyreceivedhypnotherapyfor
theirpsychologicaldisorders?
a. Feelingsofreliefandimprovement
b. Decreasedemotionalitywhileinthehypnoticstate
c. Accurateposthypnoticrecall
d. Increasedunderstandingofthecausesof theirpsychologicaldisorder
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
61. Realizingthatpatientswereoften unawareofmaterialpreviouslyrecalledunderhypnosis,BreuerandFreud
hypothesized theexistenceof
,aconceptconsideredoneof themostimportantdevelopmentsin thehistoryof
psychopathology.
a. neurosis
b. theunconsciousmind
c. theElectracomplex
d. catharsis
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
62. In usinghypnosis totreatpatientswithpsychologicaldisorders,Freuddiscovered
a. thatitis therapeutictorecallandreliveemotionallytraumaticevents.
b. thatpatientsare unableto processemotionallychargedinformation.
c. thathypnosisis lesseffective thanmesmerism.
d. theexistenceofconsciousmemories.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
63. In theclassiccaseofAnna O. in1895,neurologistJosefBreuertreatedher“hysterical”symptomsbyusing
a. psychoanalysis.
b. hypnosis.
c. faithhealing.
d. theplaceboeffect.
ANSWER:
b
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
64. Whichofthe followingisNOTincludedaspartofFreud’sstructure ofthemind?
a. Id
b. Psyche
c. Superego
d. Ego
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
65. The superego is to morality as the id is to:
a. pleasure principle
b. rational thought
c. mediating conflict
d. the ego
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual
66. In Freudiantheory, “libido”and“thanatos” representthe twobasicbutopposingdrivesof
a. lifeand death.
b. sex and celibacy.
c. goodand evil.
d. pleasureandpain.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
67. Youhavejust read anewspaperarticleaboutasavage rapeandmurder.Youwonderhowsomeonecould commitsuch
ahorriblecrime. ThenyourecallfromyourstudyofFreudian theorythat accordingto Freud,anyone couldbeakilleror rapist if
impulsesarenotwell controlled.
a. egoistic
b. phallic
c. id
d. mesmeric
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
68. AlthoughFreudconceptualizedthelibidoasthelifeenergywithinthe id, manypeoplethinkofitasthe
a. deathinstinct.
b. sex drive.
c. conscience.
d. Oedipalconflict.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
69. Accordingtopsychoanalytictheory, the
developsearlyinlifeto insurethatwecan adapt tothedemandsof
therealworld whilestillfindingways tomeetourbasic needs.
a. ego
b. superego
c. libido
d. idealself
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
70. Accordingtopsychoanalytictheory, theid operateson the “pleasureprinciple,”whichmeans that it
a. paysparticularattentiontosocial rulesand regulations.
b. thinksin an unemotional,logical,and rationalmanner.
c. issexual, aggressive,selfish,andenvious.
d. utilizessecondaryprocessthinking.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
71. WhenJohnnywantedacookiebeforedinner, hethoughtaboutjustgoingandtakingonewithoutpermission.
However,afterthinkingaboutit, hedecided to getpermission fromhismom. Johnnywasoperatingaccordingto the
principle.
a. pleasure
b. reality
c. moral
d. Oedipal
ANSWER:
b
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.d-Describethevalueandlimitationofusingtheories to explain
behavioralphenomena
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
NOTES:
NEW
72. Aclassmatein yourpsychologycourseisworriedabouttheselfishand sometimesdangerousdrivesofhisid and wondersif
itwillmake himcommitcrimes.Yourespondbysayingthat
a. eachofusalsodevelopsanego to help usbehavemore realistically.
b. idfantasiesactuallyreflecttheoppositeofwhatyou reallywant andbelieve.
c. scientistsdisprovedFreud’s theories a longtimeago.
d. since idimpulsesare usuallypartoftheunconsciousness, theydonotmanifestin realbehaviors.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
73. Accordingtopsychoanalytictheory, theroleof theego involves
a. counteractingtheaggressiveandsexualdrivesof theid.
b. maximizingpleasureandreducingtension.
c. mediatingconflictbetweentheidandthesuperego.
d. utilizingfantasyandprimaryprocess thinking.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
74. Accordingtopsychoanalytictheory, theconflictsbetween the idandthesuperego oftenleadtofeelings of
a. anxiety.
b. desire.
c. depression.
d. anger.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
75. Accordingto Freudiantheory, anxiety isasignalfor theego to marshalitsdefensemechanisms,whichfunction as
a. reality-basedactions.
b. unconsciousprotectiveprocesses.
c. consciouseffortsto maintain control.
d. primitiveemotionalresponses.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
76. All ofthefollowingareexamplesofdefensemechanismsaccordingto psychoanalytictheoryEXCEPT
a. adaptation.
b. displacement.
c. repression.
d. projection.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
77. In whichofthefollowingdefensemechanismsdoesanindividualunconsciouslyblockdisturbing wishes, thoughtsor
experiences fromawareness?
a. Rationalization
b. Reactionformation
c. Repression
d. Displacement
ANSWER:
DIFFICULTY:
REFERENCES:
OTHER:
c
Moderate
ThePsychological Tradition
TYPE:Conceptual
78. In whichofthefollowingdefensemechanismsdoesanindividualfalselyattributehisorherown unacceptable
feelings,impulses,orthoughtsto anotherperson?
a. Denial
b. Projection
c. Displacement
d. Sublimation
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Coneptual
79. Mrs.Breceivedaverypoorratingbyhersupervisor,who had beenconstantlycriticizingher infront ofher
coworkers.Whenshegothome,herkids ran upto greether, alltalkingatonce.Mrs.Bresponded by yelling,“Leave me alone!
Can’tyou seeI’mtired?”Accordingto psychoanalytic theory, thisisan example of thedefensemechanismknown as
a. displacement.
b. projection.
c. repression.
d. rationalization.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
80. Sally feels that Jane takes advantage of their friendship. Today Jane asked Sally to run an errand for her, even though
Jane had time to do it herself. Rather than confront Jane, Sally runs the errand and feels resentful. Sally’s behavior suggests
she is
a. histrionic.
b. avoidant.
c. paranoid.
d. avoidant.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3a-Describe problems operationally to study them empirically
OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual
81. A4-year-old girlsucksher thumb,ateenagerbingeson food,andan adult womanbitesherfingernails.According to
theFreudiantheoryofpsychosexualdevelopment,all threeare fixatedatthe
stage.
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
a. oral
b. anal
c. phallic
d. genital
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
82. The Oedipuscomplex,the psychosexualconflictthatoccursat thephallicstage ofdevelopment,ischaracterizedbya 3-to5year-old boy who
a. represseshisneedforgenitalself-stimulation.
b. loveshismotherbuthasfeelingsofangerandenvytowardhisfather.
c. loveshis fatherbuthasfeelingsofangerandenvytowardhismother.
d. fantasizesabouttragicGreekheroes.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
83. Accordingto SigmundFreud,theElectracomplex,thepsychosexual conflict thatoccursatthe phallicstageof
developmentin girls,ischaracterizedby
a. castrationanxiety.
b. Oedipalconflicts.
c. penisenvy.
d. latencylust.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
84. Borderlinepersonalitydisorder, inwhichsomebehavior“borders”on being outoftouchwith reality,was first
associatedwiththeideasof
a. OttoKernberg.
b. SigmundFreud.
c. AlfredAdler.
d. CarlJung.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
85. In their theoriesabouthumannature,psychoanalystsCarlJungandAlfredAdlerboth
a. regardedhuman natureaspossessingmanynegativequalities.
b. were completelyanalogousto Freud’sideas.
c. believed thattherewerenobarriersto theinternalandexternalgrowthoftheindividual.
d. emphasizedastrongdrivetowardindividual self-actualization.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
86. Severeinternalconflicts thatproducealotofanxietyorotheremotionscantriggerself-defeatingdefensiveprocesses
orsymptomssuch as
a. acuteandposttraumaticstresssymptoms.
b. depressionorbipolarsymptoms.
c. phobicorobsessivesymptoms.
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
d. suicidaloraggressivesymptoms.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
NOTES:
NEW
87. In ErikErikson’stheoryof lifespandevelopment,an individualreachesthematurestagewhenheorshe isabout
yearsold.
a. 55
b. 65
c. 75
d. 85
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
88. Whichofthe followingisanaccuratestatementabout“stage”theoriesofdevelopment?
a. InFreudiantheory, sexualarousal andinterestoccurduringthe latencystage.
b. InErikson’s theory, developmentoccursacross thelifespan.
c. InFreudiantheory, intrapsychic conflictsareresolvedin earlychildhood.
d. InFromm’s theory, cultureandsocietyinfluencepersonality.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
89. In psychoanalytic psychotherapy, itisimportantforpatientsto
a. keep theirthoughtsandfeelingstothemselves.
b. makeeye contactwith thepsychoanalyst.
c. describethecontentof theirdreamstotheanalyst.
d. remain inahorizontalpostureto induceemotionalprocessing.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
90. Psychodynamicpsychotherapydiffersfromclassical(Freudian)psychoanalysisinthatit
a. emphasizesthegoalofpersonalityreconstruction.
b. requiresalong-termcommitmenton thepartofthepersonbeinganalyzed.
c. focusesonsocialandinterpersonal issues.
d. considerspastexperiencesimportant.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
91. The conceptsof“self-actualizing”and“thehierarchyofneeds”aremostcloselyassociatedwiththetheoriesof
a. AbrahamMaslow.
b. CarlRogers.
c. CarlJung.
d. MelanieKlein.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:
92. Whichofthe followingisNOTassociatedwiththehumanistic theoriesofCarl Rogers?
a. Unconditionalpositive regard
b. Hierarchyofneeds
c. Empathy
d. Person-centeredtherapy
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
93. Humanistictherapistsregard
as thesinglemostpositive influence in facilitatinghumangrowth.
a. therapist interpretationofpatientverbalizations
b. relationships(includingthetherapeuticrelationship)
c. self-esteem
d. intellectualandmoraldevelopment
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
94. The systematicdevelopmentofascientificapproach to psychopathologyis representedby
a. humanisticpsychology.
b. psychoanalysis.
c. Jungianpsychology.
d. thebehavioralmodel.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
95. Whichscientistfelt thatthatpsychologyshould notuseintrospectionorotherunquantifiablemethodsandis
consideredthefounderofbehaviorism?
a. EdwardTitchener
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
b. B.F. Skinner
c. JohnWatson
d. IvanPavlov
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
96. Someoneyou knowhasbeen havinga lotofdifficultybecauseofirrational fears.Knowingthatyouarestudying
abnormalpsychology, thisperson asksifyou knowofan effectiveandwell-establishedtreatment.Youadviseherthat
,based onthemid-20th century workofJosephWolpe,isasuccessful anxietyreductionprocedure.
a. systematicdesensitization
b. personcenteredtherapy
c. exorcism
d. aversiveconditioning
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
97. Whichwell-known behavioral scientistwas theauthorofThe BehaviorofOrganisms(1938)and WaldenTwo (1948)?
a. JohnWatson
b. IvanPavlov
c. B.F. Skinner
d. EdwardL.Thorndike
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.d-Describethevalueandlimitationofusingtheories to explain
behavioralphenomena
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
98. IvanPavlov, aRussianphysiologist,based histheoriesofconditioningon theresultsofexperimentsheconductedon
a. humans.
b. pigeons.
c. rats.
d. dogs.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
99. Mustafawasbittenbyadogwhenhewas5yearsold. Nowheisafraidofanydoghe sees. His fearofdogisa(n)
a. unconditionedstimulus.
b. unconditioned response.
c. conditionedstimulus.
d. conditionedresponse.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
100. In theprocessofself-actualizing,emphasized inhumanisticpsychology, individuals
a. adopt a conditionedresponsetoavarietyofstimuli.
b. direct theirown courseof therapyundertheguidanceofacounselor.
c. strive to achieve theirhighestpotential againstlife’sobstacles.
d. achieveacompleteandalmostunqualifiedacceptanceof theirowndysfunctions.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
101. The continualinteractionofbiological,psychological,and socialinfluencesand theireffecton behaviorisconsidered
a. sociocultural.
b. psychobiological/biopsychological.
c. systematic.
d. multidimensional andintegrative.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: An IntegrativeApproach
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
102. Apatientarrives in yourofficewithaseverefearofspiders.Youtreat thispatientby graduallyintroducingher to snake
images,snake toys,and eventually livesnakesinorder toshow her thatnothingbadhappenedinthepresenceof
theseobjects.Youare usingthe therapeutictechniquecalled
a. cognitive therapy.
b. systematicdesensitization.
c. operantconditioning.
d. multidimensional therapy.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: An IntegrativeApproach
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
103. Youjust adoptedapuppyandwant to teachit tofetchthenewspaper.Whatapproach wouldB. F.Skinneradviseyou to take?
a. Punishthepuppyeach time itdoesnotfetchthepaper.
b. Give thepuppya treateachtime itgetsalittleclosertofetchingperfectly.
c. Give thepuppya treateachtime itfetchesperfectlyand nototherwise.
d. Bepatientand understand thatbehavior shapingoccursnaturallyoverdevelopmentalstages.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: An IntegrativeApproach
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
104. Accordingtothedefinition ofpersonalitydisorder,onlyindividualswho show
patternsofmaladaptive
behavior should bediagnosed with apersonalitydisorder.
a.suicidal
b. themostsevere
c. relativelypermanent
d. highlyvariable
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
105. All ofthefollowingarenecessaryconditionsforthediagnosisofapersonalitydisorderEXCEPT
a. patientfeelingsofdistress.
b. pervasivepatternofbehavior.
c. maladaptivefunctioning.
d. chronicity.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
106. The genderdifference in thediagnosisofhistrionicpersonalitydisorder hasbeen criticized for
a. reflectingsociety’sinherentbias.
b. notreflectingenough ofthedifferencesbetweenmen andwomen.
c. beingpsychologists’ plot to undermine theirfemalecolleagues.
d. allof theabove.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
107. Lu believes thathe is beingtrackedbytheFBIbecauseheisatelepathyexperiment“setloose,”andhehears
messagesand instructionsfromothersfromthesameexperiment.Whatdisorder would hemostlikelyhave?
a. Schizotypalpersonalitydisorder
b. Schizoidpersonalitydisorder
c. Paranoidpersonalitydisorder
d. Schizophrenia
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
108. Unlikeschizophreniaoran eatingdisorder,personalitydisorderscanbeviewed asdisordersof
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
a.biologyrather thanlearning.
b. learningratherthandisease.
c. degreeratherthankind.
d. functioningrather thandisease.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
109.Clinicianswho view personalitydisordersasextremesofnormalpersonalityrather than as
have criticized
thewaytheDSM classifiespersonalitydisorders.
a. medicalconditions
b. biologicallybasedtraits
c. separatecategoriesofdisorders
d. impairedfunctioning
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
110.Somehave proposedthatthepersonalitydisordersbereplaced orsupplementedbyadimensionalmodelin which
individualswouldberatedon aseriesofpersonalitydimensionsaswellasacategorical diagnosis.It isbelieved thatthis would
haveadvantagesoverapurelycategoricalsystem. Whichofthefollowingwould besuchan advantage?
a. Itwould retainmoreinformationabouteachindividual.
b. Itwould bemore flexible.
c. Itwould avoid arbitrarydecisionsinvolved in assignment toadiagnosticcategory.
d. Allof theabove
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
NOTES:
NEW
111.Thefive-factormodelofpersonalityincludesallof the followingaspersonalitydimensionsEXCEPT
a. expressiveness.
b. extroversion.
c. conscientiousness.
d. agreeableness
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
112.What isone advantageof thecategoricalsystemoverthedimensionalsystemwhenitcomes toclassifyingand
diagnosingpersonalitydisorders?
a. Convenience
b. Accuracy
c. Communicability
d. Itisbetterasaprognostictool
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
113.DSM-IV-TRdividespersonalitydisordersinto
distinct clusters.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
114.DSM-5 personalitydisordersaregroupedintothreeclusters.Whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelyrepresentsthe
threeclusters?
a. Oddoreccentric;dangerousorinconsistent;shy, uncommunicative,orwithdrawn
b. Shy,uncommunicative,or withdrawn;anxiousorfearful;dangerousorinconsistent
c. Shyorwithdrawn;dramatic,emotional,orerratic;bizarreorthought-disordered
d. Oddoreccentric;dramatic,emotional,orerratic;anxiousorfearful
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
115. In theworld, theprevalenceofpersonalitydisordersisestimated tobeapproximately
percent.
a. 0.5
b. 2
c. 6
d. 11
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
116.Thecharacteristic featuresofpersonalitydisorders tend todevelopwith
a. rapidonsetinlateadolescence.
b. gradualonset inadulthood.
c. rapidonsetin adulthood.
d. onset inchildhood thatisdifficult to pinpoint.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
117.Accordingto your textbook, themain reasonthat wedo nothavesufficient researchexaminingthedevelopmentof
personalitydisordersis that
a. manyindividualsdonotseektreatmentintheearlyphasesofthesedisorders.
b. thereis insufficient research fundingforthesedisorders,duetorelative lackofpublicawareness.
c. sophisticatedresearchmethodsarenecessarytostudydisordersthatare soingrained in personality.
d. all ofthesearecitedaskeycontributors to the lackofsufficientresearch.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
118. The Scientific Method is:
a. interdisciplinary
b. useful in studying personality disorders
c. can study normal and abnormal behaviors
d. all of the above
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES:The Present: The Scientific Method and an Integrative Approach
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual
119.Researchsuggeststhatthegenderdifferencesobserved intheprevalenceofmanypersonalitydisorders maybedue to
a. geneticdifferences.
b. gender-specificlearnedbehaviorpatterns.
c. genderbiasonthepartofthe diagnosingclinician.
d. culturalscriptsthatdictatethe typeofdisordered behaviorappropriateforeach gender.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
120.A womandemonstratingahigh degreeofWestern “stereotypical female”traitsmightwellbediagnosed with
histrionicpersonalitydisorder.Whichofthe followingwould probablyoccurifaman demonstratedverystereotypical
masculinetraits?
a. Hewould bediagnosed with antisocialpersonalitydisorder.
b. Hewould bediagnosed with histrionicpersonalitydisorder.
c. Hewould bediagnosed with narcissisticpersonalitydisorder.
d. Heprobablywould notbediagnosedwithanypersonalitydisorder.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
121.Thediagnosisofmore thanonepersonalitydisorderin anindividual patient is
a. common.
b. impossibleunless theperson suffersfromdissociative identitydisorder.
c. rare.
d. onlypossible forpersonalitydisorders inthesameDSM-5 cluster.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
122.Genderdifferencesobservedin theprevalenceof manypersonalitydisorders maybedue to
a. toleranceofbehaviorin a culture.
b. differencesin help-seeking behavior.
c. genderbiasonthepartofthe diagnosingclinician.
d. all oftheabove.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
NOTES:
NEW
123.Max isalwayssurethatothersaretryingto harmhim. Hisperceptionthattheworldisathreateningplaceimpacts
mostofhislife. Mostlikely, Max wouldbediagnosedwiththepersonalitydisordercalled
a. histrionic.
b. avoidant.
c. paranoid.
d. antisocial.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
124.An individualrequestingtreatmentatamentalhealth clinickeepstalkingabouthowgangstersare“outto gethim.”
Beforediagnosingparanoidpersonalitydisorder, wemustdeterminewhether
a. hisfearsarejustified.
b. hisfamilylifeisstable.
c. hehaseverattemptedsuicide.
d. heavoidssocialization.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
125.Thelanguage barrierof refugeesfromothercountriesandpeoplewith hearingimpairmentsmaymake these
individualsparticularlysusceptibleto
a. histrionicpersonalitydisorder.
b. paranoidpersonalitydisorder.
c. schizotypal personalitydisorder.
d. schizoidpersonalitydisorder.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
126.Youarewaitingto board aplanewhenyou hearthatthe flighthasbeendelayeddueto apassingthunderstorm.The man
sittingnextto you says,“Passingthunderstorm,sure!That’sJimagain,he’sbeen doingeverythingto make memiss
thismeetingbecausehe’stryingto getme fired!”Ofthe following, thisstatementwould bemostconsistentwith
personalitydisorder.
a. avoidant
b. histrionic
c. borderline
d. paranoid
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
127.Oneof thegreatestchallenges foranytherapisttreatingan individualwith paranoid personalitydisorder isin
a. understandingthepatient’sbelief system.
b. earningthepatient’strust.
c. convincingthepatienttotalkabouthisorherbeliefs.
d. gettingthepatientto speakclearly.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
128.Thedata regardingtreatmentoutcome forindividualswithparanoidpersonalitydisorder
a. indicateclientsdo notremain intherapylongenough fortreatmentsuccess.
b. suggestthattreatmentcan onlybesuccessfulifthe patientremainsin therapyforaminimumofoneyear.
c. indicatethatcognitive therapyiseffectivein mostcases.
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
d. demonstratethatstrict behavioral approachesareeffective.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
129.Theoisquitealoner.Hewalks toclassbyhimself,doesnot talktoanyone, and appearsindifferenttootherpeople.It
isclearthatTheoneitherdesiresnorenjoysclosenesswithothers.Hedoesnotactin anyobviouslyunusual ways,nor
doesheappearto possessstrangebeliefsabout theworld. Of the followingpersonalitydisorders,Theoappearsto be
a. avoidant.
b. antisocial.
c. schizotypal.
d. schizoid.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
130.An individualwho goes throughlifeasa lonerwith no motivationto interact withothersbutwithrelativelynormal
behavior andbeliefsislikelyto bediagnosedwith
personalitydisorder.
a. histrionic
b. narcissistic
c. schizoid
d. paranoid
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
131.Oneprevalentoutcome forindividualswithschizoidpersonalitydisorder is
a. homelessness.
b. drugabuse.
c. eatingdisorders.
d. anxiety.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
132.Accordingto theDSM-5, cluster A groupswhichof the followingpersonalitydisorders?
a. Borderline,compulsive,psychotic
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
b. Paranoid,schizoid,schizotypal
c. Avoidant,dependent,obsessive-compulsive
d. Antisocial,histrionic,narcissistic
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
133.Patientsdiagnosedwith schizoidpersonalitydisorder
a. oftenrequesttreatmentand generallymakeprogressquickly.
b. oftenrequesttreatmentbutgenerallymake littleprogress.
c. rarelyrequesttreatmentexceptinresponseto acrisis.
d. rarelyrequesttreatmentbutgenerallymakeprogressquicklywhileintherapy.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
134. Individualswhoare sociallyisolated,behavein ways thatseemunusual,tendto besuspicious,andhave odd beliefs
aregenerallydiagnosed with
personalitydisorder.
a. schizotypal
b. schizoid
c. paranoid
d. multiple
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
135. Individualswhohave “ideasofreference”butwho sense thatthesebeliefsare probablyunrealisticaregenerally
diagnosedwith
personalitydisorder.
a. schizotypal
b. paranoid
c. antisocial
d. histrionic
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
136.Accordingto thetextbook, apossiblecauseofschizotypalpersonalitydisorder is
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
a. genetic.
b. environmental.
c. brainabnormalities.
d. all oftheabove
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
NOTES:
NEW
137.Hidekihasbeen diagnosed with schizotypalpersonalitydisorderandhasbegun psychotherapy.Sinceheiswillingto
undergoacombined treatmentapproach,theresult
a. isexcellentsincemostpatientsseekingtreatmenteventuallyaresymptomfree.
b. maybe a reductionin symptomsorpostponementofschizophrenia.
c. isexcellentonlyifheiswillingtotakemedication.
d. ispoorsincemostpatientsgo on to developschizophrenia.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
138.Thepersonalitydisorderthatsharesmanysimilar symptomswithschizophreniais
a. schizoid.
b. paranoid.
c. borderline.
d. schizotypal.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
139.Accordingto thetextbook, themostlikelycauseofschizotypalpersonalitydisorderis
a. poorparenting.
b. socialmodeling.
c. biological.
d. isolationduringchildhood.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
140.Asmanyas30 to 50%oftheindividualswith schizotypal personalitydisorder who requestclinicalhelpalso meet
thecriteriafor
a. obsessive-compulsivedisorder.
b. substancedisorder.
c. anorexia.
d. majordepressivedisorder.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
141.Mariehasahistoryofbeingarrestedforarsonandshows noremorseforherdestructiveactions;Marionhasa
perfectlegalrecord, butoften manipulatesherfriends to getwhatshewantsanddoesn’tfeelguiltwhenshehurtstheir
feelings.Mariemostlikelyhas
,whileMarionmostlikelyhas
_.
a. schizoidpersonalitydisorder;antisocialpersonalitydisorder
b. antisocialpersonalitydisorder; schizoidpersonalitydisorder
c. psychopathy;antisocialpersonalitydisorder
d. antisocialpersonalitydisorder; psychopathy
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
142.Stevestealsmoneyfromhis friends andfamily, lies to get whathewants,and oftenhurtsotherswithnosign ofguilt or
remorse.Stevewould mostlikelybediagnosed with
personalitydisorder.
a. paranoid
b. histrionic
c. antisocial
d. narcissistic
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
143.Themostaccuratestatementregardingantisocialpersonalitydisorder andpsychopathyisthat they
a. aresimilar inalmosteverywayexcept thatpsychopathsarecriminals.
b. completelydifferentpopulations.
c. overlapin some featuresbutnotall.
d. arejustdifferentnames forthesame features.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
144.Withwhichofthefollowingpersonalitydisordersisthetermpsychopathcloselyassociated?
a. Schizotypal
b. Schizoid
c. Paranoid
d. Antisocial
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
145.Onedifferencebetween apsychopathand aperson withantisocialpersonalitydisorderisthat
areusedin
diagnosingthepsychopath,but
areused to diagnoseantisocialpersonalitydisorder.
a. personality traits;observablebehaviors
b. observablebehaviors;personalitytraits
c. clinical judgments;objective testscores
d. medicalcriteria;psychologicalassessments
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
146. Anadultdiagnosedwith antisocial personalitydisorderismostlikelytohavemetthecriteriafor child.
asa
a. autism
b. conductdisorder
c. a learningdisability
d. Attentiondeficit/hyperactivitydisorder
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
147.Rob isa13-year-old boywho hasbeenrepeatedlyarrestedfortheft andassault. In additiontoshopliftingandother theft,
hehasbeen caughtstealingmoneyfromhisparents’ walletsandhisyoungsister’spiggybank. Robshows no guilt or remorse for
themanyways thathehurtsothers.Rob’scurrentdiagnosisismostlikely
a. antisocialpersonalitydisorder.
b. attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.
c. conductdisorder.
d. narcissisticpersonalitydisorder.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
148.Theresearchexaminingthecauseofantisocialpersonalitydisorder suggeststhat
a. theprimarycauseisgenetics.
b. geneticsandenvironment interacttocausethedisorder.
c. theprimarycauseispoorparenting.
d. thereisnoevidenceofeitherageneticorenvironmentalcause.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
149.Accordingto theDSM-5, cluster B groupswhichof the followingpersonalitydisorders?
a. Borderline,compulsive,psychotic
b. Paranoid,schizoid,schizotypal
c. Avoidant,dependent,obsessive-compulsive
d. Antisocial,histrionic,narcissistic
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
150.Whichofthefollowingare thetwomajortheories thathave beenproposedto explainantisocialpersonalitydisorder?
a. Underarousal andfearlessness
b. Underarousal andshamelessness
c. Overarousal andfearlessness
d. Overarousal andshamelessness
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.a(3)-Read andsummarizegeneral ideasand conclusionsfrom
psychologicalsourcesaccurately
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
151.Whichofthefollowingpreventionstrategieslookspromisingforchildren who areatriskforlater antisocial
personalitydisorder?
a. A trainingprogramforparentsoftoddlers(ages1½ to2½ years)
b. A programfor familieswith ahighdegreeoffamilydysfunction
c. A programfor familieswhereatleastoneparenthasahistoryofantisocialpersonalitydisorder
d. Allof theabove
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
NOTES:
NEW
152.Accordingto theunderarousalhypothesis,individualswithantisocialpersonalitydisordermayengage in their
characteristic behaviorsasawayto
a. dealwiththeir fears.
b. providealevelofstimulation thatmostofusreceivefrommore typicalbehaviors.
c. provideasenseof relieffromthe feelingsofdepression thattheyexperiencewhen theyare nothighly
aroused.
d. reducethe generallyhigh levelofarousalthat theyfeel.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.a(3)-Read andsummarizegeneral ideasand conclusionsfrom
psychologicalsourcesaccurately
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
153.Theconceptofthefearlessnesshypothesisofantisocialpersonalitydisorderis thatindividualswith thisdisorder
a. learnto avoid punishment.
b. havean underactivecortex.
c. under-reacttothe threatofpunishment.
d. havebrain damage thatinhibits theirabilityto understand theimplicationsoftheiractions.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
154.Oneprominenttheoryofantisocial personalitydisordersuggeststhatthebehaviorsarecausedbyan imbalance between
thebrain’s
a. behavioral inhibition systemand fight-or-flightsystem.
b. fight-or-flightsystemandrewardsystem.
c. cortical stimulationsystemandbehavioralinhibition system.
d. behavioral inhibition systemand rewardsystem.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.a(3)-Read andsummarizegeneral ideasand conclusionsfrom
psychologicalsourcesaccurately
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
155.Ifyouhad absolutelyno conceptorfearoftheconsequencesofyouractions(foryourselforothers) andwereoverly
motivatedbypleasing yourself,you mightbehave likeapersonwith
personalitydisorder.
a.antisocial
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
b. narcissistic
c. histrionic
d. schizotypal
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
156.Some researchwith psychopathssuggeststhatthese individualsare
a. more likelyto quittryingassoonas failureappears imminent.
b. less likelyto attemptdifficultgoals.
c. more likelyto keep tryingeven though failureiscertain.
d. less likelyto bemotivatedtowardsagoal.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
157.Oneof thecontributingfactorsin thedevelopmental historyof individualswith antisocialpersonalitydisorder
appearsto bethattheirparentsweremorelikelyto have utilized
a. firmdiscipline.
b. inconsistentdiscipline.
c. anoverlyprotectiveparentingstyle.
d. physical discipline.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
158.Thecriminalbehaviorof thosediagnosedwith antisocialpersonalitydisordertendsto
a. continuetoincreasethroughout thelifespan.
b. increasedramaticallyataboutage30.
c. declinesignificantlyaroundage40.
d. remainstablethroughoutthe lifespan.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
159.Oneof themajorproblemswithtreatingpeoplewith personalitydisordersis
a.theyrarelyidentifythemselvesasneedingtreatment.
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
b. researchsuggests thatthedisordersarealmostentirelybased inbiologyand thereforedifficulttotreat
interpersonally.
c. personalitydisordersare sorare thatthereisverylittleresearchontheirtreatment.
d. theyareextremelyunpredictableanddifficulttomanage in therapysessions.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
NOTES:
NEW
160.Whichofthefollowingisan accuratestatementregardingthetreatmentofantisocialpersonalitydisorderand related
antisocialbehaviors?
a. Patientsaregenerallywillingparticipantsin their therapy.
b. Mostpatientsrefer themselves for treatmentbecause theyrecognizethattheyhave aproblem.
c. Therehasbeen greatersuccessinreducingantisocialbehaviorinchildren thaninadults.
d. Therapy issuccessfulin abouthalfofthecasestreated.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
161.Accordingto theDSM-5, the featuresofantisocial personalitydisorder include
a. instancesofphysicalcrueltyto animals.
b. anattitudeofentitlementtoward fulfillingexpectations.
c. ademonstrated impulsivityor failure toplan ahead.
d. episodesofinappropriate, intenseanger.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
162.Lennyis25 yearsoldandhashadmultiplearrestsforassaults,theft,anddruguse. Hehashurtstrangers,friends,and
familyandhasnevershown anyremorseorregret.Followinghislastarrest,Lenny metwithasocialworker who told him
aboutantisocialpersonalitydisorder;heisnowconvincedthatthatis“what’swrong”withhim. Lennyrecently wenttoa
localcommunitymentalhealth centerandaskedto betreatedbyapsychotherapist.Theproblemwiththisstoryis that
a. individualswith antisocialpersonalitydisorderdo notgenerallyseektreatment.
b. Lennyhasmisdiagnosed himself,sincehisbehaviorsaremore typicalofconductdisorder.
c. thedrugusedoesnotfit thepatternofantisocialpersonalitydisorder.
d. thedescriptiondoesnotfitany knownpersonalitydisorder.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
REFERENCES:
Moderate
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
163. Whichofthefollowingstatements istrueaboutborderlinepersonalitydisorder?
a. It isobserved in everycultureandseenin about5%ofthepopulation.
b. Emotionaldysfunctionisoneofthebestpredictorsofsuicideinthisgroup.
c. Long-termoutcomesarediscouraging,withmanyrelapsingwithinfiveyears.
d. A high number, almost12%,succeedatsuicide.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
NOTES:
NEW
164.Thepersonalitydisordercharacterizedbyextreme instabilityin behaviorandemotion, impulsivity,depression, and selfinjuriousbehaviorsis
personalitydisorder.
a. narcissistic
b. borderline
c. dependent
d. histrionic
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
165. Nicolehasdifficultymaintainingrelationshipsbecauseshegoesbackandforthfrombeingabest friend to hating people
inher life.Herromantic relationships arealwayscharacterizedbyincredible lovingpassionalternating with episodes
ofhorriblefighting, andsometimesshebecomesviolent.Attimes,Nicolebecomes so upset thatshecutsherself
andreportsthatthismakesherfeelbetteremotionally. Nicolesuffersfrom
personalitydisorder.
a. dependent
b. histrionic
c. borderline
d. narcissistic
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
166.Allofthefollowingare common disorders thattend tobecomorbid withborderlinepersonalitydisorderEXCEPT
a. depression.
b. substanceabuse.
c. bulimia.
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
d.obsessive-compulsivedisorder.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
167.Theapproximatepercentageof individualsdiagnosedwith borderlinepersonalitydisorderwho alsohave asubstance
relateddisorder isalmost
%
a. 10
b. 40
c. 70
d. 100
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
168.Oneof the influences thathasbeenassociatedwith thedevelopmentofborderlinepersonalitydisorder is
a. ahistoryofchildabuseorneglect.
b. adevelopmentaldelayfor majormilestones(i.e.,walking, talking).
c. parentalalcoholism.
d. deficitsin neurotransmitter circuitsinvolvingdopamine.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
169. Whenpresented withwordsprojectedonacomputerscreen, individualswith borderlinepersonalitydisorderare more
likelythanindividualswithoutthedisorder to remember theword
a. celebrate.
b. abandon.
c. death.
d. charming.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
170.Childhoodtraumaasacauseofborderlinepersonalitydisordermaybe too simplisticanexplanationbecause
a. therearetoo manyneurologicaldeficitsthatarenotedin borderlinepersonalitydisorderpatients.
b. individualswith borderlinepersonalitydisordertend torespondto SSRImedications.
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
c. mostindividualsdiagnosedwithborderlinepersonalitydisorderarefemale.
d. asignificant percentageof individualsdiagnosed withborderlinepersonalitydisorderdonothaveahistoryof
childhoodtrauma.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
171.Whichofthefollowingis themost likelymodelto explainthecauseofborderlinepersonalitydisorder?
a. Biological
b. Early trauma resultingin posttraumaticstressdisordersymptoms thatarenotrecognizedordealtwithduring
childhood
c. Stressful lifeevents
d. Biologicalpredisposition interacting withlifeeventssuchaschildhoodtraumaandlaterlifestressors
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
172.Researchregardingpsychological treatmentforborderlinepersonalitydisordersuggeststhat
appearsto be
helpful inimprovingmood andreducingsuicidaland self-injuriousbehaviors.
a. dialectical behaviortherapy
b. cognitivetherapy
c. operantconditioning
d. nothing
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
173.Thepsychological treatmentthathasbeen foundto have significant effectivenessin helpingpatientswith borderline
personalitydisordercenterson
a. regressingpatientstothetime in theirliveswhentheyexperiencedtrauma.
b. removingthe reinforcingattentionthattheyhave received fortheirdisorderedbehavior inthepast.
c. enrollingthemin a12-stepprogramsuch asAlcoholics Anonymous.
d. learningtocope with lifestressors inamoreeffectivemanner.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
174. Individualswhooverreact toeverythingandareoverlydramaticandvain aremostlikelyto bediagnosedwith
personalitydisorder.
a. borderline
b. histrionic
c. narcissistic
d. dependent
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
175.Amyquicklybecomes thecenterofattention when sheentersa room.She isa tallandattractiveyoungwomanwho
generally wearssomethingstriking.Amyisknown asa flirtand actsinaseductivemanneraround men.When Amy
speaks,sheusesveryexaggeratedterms,even whendescribing relativelyordinarysituations.Amy’sdiagnosisismost likely
personalitydisorder.
a. histrionic
b. narcissistic
c. borderline
d. dependent
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
176.WhenAxelarrives late forclass,hewalks in withagrandentranceandapologizes to theprofessor andthe students in
class.Heproceedstotellthemhehadeveryintentionofbeingatclasson time,butthetrafficwasterribleand many
accidentsoccurred, which delayedhim.Axeldescribesthis in much exaggerateddetailbeforehetakeshisseat.This
commonlyhappenseverytimehe is late.Axelcould bediagnosed withwhich personalitydisorder?
a. Histrionic
b. Narcissistic
c. Borderline
d. Borderline
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
177.Accordingto your text, themostaccuratestatementregardingthetreatmentofhistrionicpersonalitydisorder isthat
a. therearenoscientificstudiesdemonstratingsuccess.
b. patientswho voluntarilyattend therapytendto getbetter.
c. strictbehavioralprogramshavebeen shown tobeeffectivein scientificresearch.
d. cognitivetherapyismosteffective.
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
ANSWER:
DIFFICULTY:
REFERENCES:
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
a
Moderate
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
TYPE:Factual
178.Oneof thelikelyproblemsa therapistmayencounterwhiletryingto help apatientwith histrionicpersonality
disorderis thepatient’s
a. unwillingnesstoadmitthere isaproblem.
b. useof threateninglanguage.
c. lackofintellectualabilitynecessarytosucceedintherapy.
d. manipulativeuseofcrying,charm,orseductivebehavior.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
179.Narcissisticpersonalitydisorderischaracterizedby
a. preoccupationwith otherpeople.
b. obsession with keepingthingsneatand orderly.
c. thinkingofoneselfasdeservingofspecial treatment.
d. pathologicaldishonesty.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
180.Peoplewith narcissisticpersonalitydisorderdisplayallof the followingcharacteristics EXCEPT
a. exploitationofothers.
b. happinessbecausetheyreceive theadulationofothers.
c. demands forspecialattention.
d. feelingsofgrandiosity.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
NOTES:
NEW
181.Whichofthefollowingstatements istrueaboutnarcissisticpersonalitydisorder?
a. Thisdisorderisonthedecline inWesternsocieties.
b. Reportsoftreatmentsuccessare limited.
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
c. Recentlytherehasbeen agreatdealofresearchonthisdisorder.
d. Allof theabove
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
NOTES:
NEW
182.Vinceisextremelyimpressedwithhimself.Although hehasonlyachievedamoderateamountofsuccess,hethinks
ofhimselfasbeinguniquelyspecialanddeservingofthe bestofeverything.Vince fantasizesfrequentlyaboutgreat
wealthandfameanddoesnotreallypaymuch attention to otherpeopleexcepttonotehowtheyreacttohim. Vincewould
mostlikelybe diagnosed with
personalitydisorder.
a. antisocial
b. histrionic
c. narcissistic
d. dependent
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
183.One reasonwhyindividuals with narcissisticpersonalitydisorder tendto becomedepressedattimesisthatthey
a. becomeupsetwhentheirintimaterelationships fail.
b. seldomliveuptotheirunrealisticexpectationsof themselves.
c. areoverlysensitive tothepain ofothers.
d. don’t thinktheywillachievesuccess inlife.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
184.Whichofthefollowingstatements istrue?
a. Recent researchisrefiningthesearchforgenes thatcauseantisocialpersonalitydisorder.
b. Recent researchon braindamage indicatesthatbrain damage is foundin psychopaths.
c. Recent researchon neuropsychological testsindicatesthatpsychopathsscoreequallyaswellas
nonpsychopaths.
d. Noneoftheabove istrue.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
185.Whichofthefollowingstatements accuratelydescribestreatment fornarcissisticpersonalitydisorder?
a. Narcissisticpersonallydisorder treatmentisoftencombinedwithtreatmentforseveredepressiveepisodes.
b. The treatmentisoftenfocusedonthepatient’sgrandiosityandhypersensitivity.
c. Cognitive therapy aimedatreplacingthepatient’shedonisticfantasieswith day-to-daypleasurable
experiencesthataretrulyattainableareafocusof thetreatment.
d. Allof these
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
186.Allofthefollowingare mentionedin yourtextasappropriatetreatmentstrategies fornarcissisticpersonalitydisorder
EXCEPT
a. cognitivetherapyto replacegrandiosefantasieswith morerealisticgoals.
b. copingstrategiesto helpaccept criticism.
c. explorationofearlylifetrauma thatled to thedisorder.
d. beinghelpedto focuson the feelingsofothers.
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
187.Thereasonthat individuals with avoidantpersonalitydisorderavoidmostrelationshipsis thatthey
a. areextremelysensitiveto the opinionsofothersandfearrejection.
b. generallydislikeotherpeopleandpreferto bealone.
c. areso stimulatedbythefantasylifeintheirown mindsthat theyhave littleneedfor thecompanyofothers.
d. experiencebizarre thoughtsandbeliefsthatdistancethemfromothers.
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
188.Withoutunderstandingthe thoughtprocessmotivatingthepatient’sbehavior,itwould probablybe impossibleto
determinewhetherapatienthad
personalitydisorderor
personalitydisorder.
a. narcissistic; antisocial
b. dependent;narcissistic
c. borderline;histrionic
d. schizoid;avoidant
ANSWER:
d
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
189. Individualswho keepto themselvesbecausetheyareanxiousandfearfulofrejectionarelikelytobediagnosed with
personalitydisorder.
a. avoidant
b. schizoid
c. schizotypal
d. antisocial
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
190.Whenaskedabout theirchildhood,individualsdiagnosed withavoidantpersonalitydisordertendto remember their
parentsas
a. warmand loving.
b. substanceabusing.
c. rejecting.
d. depressed.
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
191.Ofthefollowing, themostaccuratestatementwith regardtothetreatmentofavoidantpersonalitydisorderis that
a. nowell-controlledstudiesoftreatmentoutcomeshave been conducted.
b. therearewell-controlledstudies, though noneshowanytreatment success.
c. individualswith thisdisorderareseldomsufficientlymotivatedtosucceedintreatment.
d. behavioral interventionprogramsforanxietyandsocialskillshavehadsomesuccess.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
192. InJill’spsychotherapysessions, the therapisthasbeen usingsystematicdesensitizationto graduallymakehermore
comfortablewithsocialsituations.Similar tothetreatmentsusedfor individualswith socialphobia, the therapisthas givenJill
homeworkassignments thatrequireherto practicetalkingtostrangers,join informalgroups,and speakin front
ofsmallgroups.Mostlikely,she isbeing treatedfor
personalitydisorder.
a. avoidant
b. dependent
c. Antisocial
d. histrionic
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
193.Thepersonalitydisordercharacterizedbyunreasonablefearofabandonment,fearofbeingrejected,avoidanceof
disagreement, inabilitytomakedecisions foroneself,andclingingbehavioris
personalitydisorder.
a. dependent
b. avoidant
c. schizoid
d. histrionic
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
194.Haroldliveswith hismotherwith whomhe isverycloseandagreeswitheverythingshesays.Whenhestartedseeing
ayoungwomanand therelationshipbecameserious,hismotherconvincedhimthathisgirlfriendwasnotgood enough
forhim, so Harold stoppedtherelationship.Hehastwo closefriendswhohave been hisfriend sincetheymetin
kindergarten.Whenevertheydo something, itisalwaysoneofhisfriendswho decideswhat theydo. Haroldjust follows along.
Haroldlikelysuffersfrom
personalitydisorder.
a. dependent
b. avoidant
c. schizoid
d. histrionic
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
NOTES:
NEW
195. Maryhasbeen married for20 yearsanddescribeshowherhusbandhasbeen verballyabusivetowardher formostof
thattime.She indicates thatherhusbandhashadmultipleaffairswith otherwomenbutshecan’tleavehimbecauseshe
“lovesandneedshim.”When challengedbytheinterviewerregardingthewisdomofstayingwithsuchaman, Mary
agreeswiththeinterviewer,although shelaterconfidesthatshealwaysagreeswith everyone to avoidconflictand
disapproval.Maryshould bediagnosedwith
personalitydisorder.
a. avoidant
b. histrionic
c. dependent
d. borderline
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
196. In termsof feelingsofinadequacy,sensitivityto criticism,andneed forreassurance,individuals with
personalitydisorderand
personalitydisorderare quitesimilar.
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
a. dependent;avoidant
b. dependent;schizoid
c. schizoid;avoidant
d. histrionic; antisocial
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
197. Individualswhohave excessivefeelingsofsocialinadequacy,sensitivityto criticism,andaneedforreassuranceare
likelytodevelop either
personalitydisorderor
personalitydisorder.
a. narcissistic; antisocial
b. dependent;narcissistic
c. avoidant;dependent
d. antisocial;histrionic
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
198.Accordingto your text, treatmentofdependentpersonalitydisorderis
a. generallysuccessfulwithacognitive-behavioral approach.
b. well researched,though no effectivetreatmentshave been established.
c. successfulwhenbased on systematicdesensitizationand socialskillstraining.
d. problematicbecausethepatient’ssubmissivenessoften negatesoneofthe majorgoalsofthetherapy.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
199. Whenindividualswithdependent personalitydisorder are intherapy, theyare
a. seemingly“model”patients.
b. resistant tothetherapeuticprocess.
c. toounstableto do the intellectualworkthattherapy requires.
d. demandingand impulsive.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
200.Whenworkingwithapatientdiagnosedwith dependentpersonalitydisorder,thetherapistmustbeparticularly
carefulthatthepatientdoesnot
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
a. takeover theagendaofthesessions.
b. become inconsistentin attendingsessions.
c. manipulate thetherapistbybeingoverlydramatic.
d. becomeoverlydependenton thetherapist.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
201.Helenhasbeen intherapywithDr.Blockfordependentpersonalitydisorder forthepast threeyears.When shefirst came to
therapy, shewasinan abusivemarriageand complainedthatheradultchildrentreatedherpoorlyand thatpeople in
herlife“walkedalloverher.”Helenhasattendedtherapyreligiously,beena“model”patient, and generallydone everythingthatDr.
Blockhassuggested.At thistimein herlife,sheisdivorced, moreassertivewithher children,and
generallyfeelingbetteraboutherself.Hercurrent therapysessionsareoftencenteredon everydaydecisionsforwhich she
anxiouslyseeksDr. Block’sadvice.Themostappropriatenexttherapystepis
a. immediatetermination.
b. workingto reduceHelen’srelianceon Dr. Block.
c. abehavioralplan to increaseHelen’ssocialization.
d. explorationoftheissuesthatmadeHelen seektherapyinitially.
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
202.Accordingto theDSM-5, the featuresofdependentpersonalitydisorder include
a. difficultyexpressingdisagreement.
b. anattitudeofentitlementtoward fulfillingexpectations.
c. beingeasilyinfluencedbyothersorcircumstances.
d. episodesofinappropriate, intenseanger.
ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
203.Thepersonalitydisorderthatischaracterizedby an insistencethat thingshave to bedone“therightway” is
personalitydisorder.
a. antisocial
b. avoidant
c. paranoid
d. obsessive-compulsive
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
204.Arecenttheorysuggeststhatthe psychologicalprofilesofmanyserialkillerspoint totheroleofwhich
psychologicaldisorder?
a. Schizophrenia
b. Antisocialpersonalitydisorder
c. Delusionaldisorder
d. Obsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
NOTES:
NEW
205. Ofthefollowing, themostaccuratestatementregardingthecauseofobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorderis
thatitappearsto
a. haveaweak geneticcontribution tothedisorder.
b. be found inthoseindividualswithastrongpredisposition towardstructureintheirlives.
c. requireparentalreinforcementofconformityandneatness.
d. all oftheabove.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
NOTES:
NEW
206.Henryisviewed bymanyasaworkaholicandnotverysocial.Heisathisdeskevery morningat7:30a.m. and takesfew
breaks(although thesebreaksarealwaysatthesame timeeveryday).Henryisknown to beaperfectionist.The problem
isthathedoesnotseemto getmuch accomplished,sincehespends somuch timemakingsure thateverythingisperfect
beforemovingon to thenexttask. Henryappearsto sufferfrom
____ personalitydisorder.
a. avoidant
b. obsessive-compulsive
c. schizoid
d. antisocial
ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
207.Oneof themajordifferencesbetween individuals withobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder andobsessivecompulsivedisorderisthatpatientswiththepersonalitydisordergenerally
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
a.havemoreobsessive thoughts.
b. show morecompulsiveandritualisticbehaviors.
c. donothave obsessive thoughtsandcompulsivebehaviors.
d. havemore insightintotheirproblems
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
208.Oneunusualfindingdiscussedin yourtextisthat
personalitydisordermayhave playeda rolein the
behavior ofseveralserialkillers.
a. narcissistic
b. antisocial
c. obsessive-compulsive
d. schizotypal
ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
209.Ofthefollowing, themostaccuratestatementregardingtheresearch fortreatmentofobsessive-compulsive
personalitydisorderisthat
a. well-controlledresearchsuggeststhe useofahighlystructuredbehavioralprogramcan beeffectivewith
motivatedpatients.
b. well-controlledresearchsuggeststhe useofcognitive-behavioral treatment.
c. thegreatdealofresearchthathasbeen conductedindicatesthereare currentlyno effective treatments.
d. cognitive-behavioral therapythatusesdistractiontechniquesappears tobean effectivetreatment.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
210. In thecategoricalvs.dimensionalclassificationdebate,supportersofthedimensionalview ofpersonalitydisorders believe
thissystemissuperiorbecause
a. thereis too much overlap amongthesymptomsof thedifferent disorders.
b. theclustershelpto categorizebutare notbased onscientificevidence.
c. thereishigh comorbidityamongthepersonalitydisorders.
d. all oftheabove.
ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
Essay
211. Discuss whythe followingcriteriaarenotcompletelysatisfactoryin definingabnormality:psychological
dysfunction,digress,and“culturallyexpected”behavior.
ANSWER: SampleAnswer:Psychologicaldysfunctionisnottotallysatisfactorybecausebehaviorisonacontinuum, and
amilderversionofimpairmentwould notmeet thecriteria foradisorder.Asforpersonaldistress,byitself,
thiscriterion doesnotdefineabnormalbehaviorbecausedistresscan beanormalreactionto atraumatic situation.
Also,forsomeofthepsychologicaldisorders,bydefinition, sufferinganddistress are absent.
Atypicalornotculturallyacceptedareinsufficientwhen theyreferto someonesuchasapersonwithan
exceptionallyhigh IQ whoisatypicalbutnotdisordered. Culturallyunacceptable isnotsufficientbecause
whatmaybeatypicalinonecultureisperfectlyacceptablein another.
212. Describethe processofbecomingamentalhealthprofessional.Includeadiscussion ofthedifferences amongthe
following:psychiatrist,psychologist,psychiatricsocial worker,psychiatricnurse.Foreachprofession,listthecredentials,
theeducationalbackground,andthe professionalresponsibilities.
ANSWER: SampleAnswer:Withinthis fieldare clinicaland counselingpsychologists,psychiatrists,psychiatricsocial
workers,and psychiatricnurses,aswellasmarriageand familytherapistsandmentalhealthcounselors.
Clinicalandcounseling psychologists receiveaPh.D. (orsometimesan Ed.D.,doctorofeducation,orPsy.D.,
doctorofpsychology)andfollowacourseofgraduate-levelstudy, lastingapproximatelyfiveyears,that prepares
themto conductresearchintothecausesandtreatmentofpsychologicaldisordersandto diagnose, assess, and
treatthesedisorders.Counselingpsychologiststendto studyandtreatadjustmentandvocational
issuesencounteredbyrelativelyhealthyindividuals,and clinical psychologistsusuallyconcentrateon more
severepsychologicaldisorders.Psychologistswith otherspecialtytraining,such asexperimentaland social
psychologists,investigatethebasicdeterminantsofbehaviorbutdo notassessortreatpsychologicaldisorders.
PsychiatristsfirstearnanM.D. in medicalschoolandthenspecializein psychiatryduringresidencytraining that lasts
three tofouryears.Psychiatristsalsoinvestigatethenatureandcausesofpsychologicaldisorders, makediagnoses,and
offertreatments.Manypsychiatristsemphasizedrugsorotherbiological treatments, although
mostusepsychosocialtreatmentsaswell.
Psychiatricsocialworkerstypicallyearn amaster’sdegreein socialworkas theydevelopexpertisein
collectinginformationaboutthesocialand familysituationoftheindividualwith apsychologicaldisorder.
Socialworkersalsotreat disorders,oftenconcentratingon familyproblems.Psychiatricnurseshave advanced
degreesand specialize inthecareand treatmentofpatientswithpsychological disorders,usuallyin hospitals
aspartofatreatmentteam.
Finally, marriageand family therapistsandmentalhealthcounselors typicallyspend oneto two yearsearning
amaster’sdegreeandare employed to provideclinicalservicesbyhospitalsorclinics.
213. Compareandcontrast thethreetraditionalmodelsofabnormalbehavior: supernatural,psychological,and biological.
Mentionsignificant eventsandpersonsinthehistoricaldevelopmentofeach model.
ANSWER: SampleAnswer:Formuchofour recordedhistory, thesupernatural traditiondescribed deviantbehaviorasa
reflectionof thebattlebetweengood andevil. Duringthe lastquarterofthe14th century, religious andlay
authoritiessupported thesepopularsuperstitions,and societyasawholebegan tobelievemorestronglyin the
existenceand powerofdemonsandwitches.Treatmentsincludedexorcism,inwhichvariousreligiousrituals
wereperformed toridthevictimofevilspirits.Otherapproachesincluded shavingthepatternofacrossinthe
hairofthevictim’shead andsecuringsufferersto awallnearthe frontofachurchso thattheymightbenefit
fromhearingMass.
An equallystrongopinion reflectedtheviewthat insanitywasanaturalphenomenon, causedbymentalor
emotionalstress,and wascurable.Common treatments wererest,sleep,andahealthyenvironment.Other
treatmentsincluded baths,ointments,andvariouspotions.
Paracelsus,aSwissphysicianwho lived from1493 to1541,rejectednotionsofpossessionbythedevil,
suggestinginsteadthatthemovementsofthemoon and starshadprofoundeffectson people’spsychological
functioning.This influentialtheoryinspiredthewordlunatic,whichisderivedfromtheLatinwordformoon,
luna.
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
With thebiologicaltradition, physicalcausesofmentaldisordershave been soughtsinceantiquity.TheGreek
physicianHippocrates(460–377 B.C.)and otherssuggested thatpsychologicaldisorderscouldbetreated like
anyotherdisease.Theybelievedpsychologicaldisordersmightalsobecaused bybrain pathologyorhead
traumaandcould beinfluencedbyheredity(genetics). Hippocrates consideredthebrain tobetheseatof wisdom,
consciousness,intelligence, andemotion.Therefore,disordersinvolvingthesefunctionswould
logicallybelocatedinthebrain.Hippocratesalsorecognizedthe importanceofpsychological and interpersonal
contributions to psychopathology.
TheRoman physician Galen (approximately129–198A.D.)adoptedtheseideasand developed themfurther,
creatingan influentialschoolofthought thatextendedwell into the19th century.Physiciansbelieved that
diseaseresultedfromtoo muchortoolittleofoneofthehumors;forexample, toomuch blackbilewas
thoughtto causemelancholia(depression).Thehumoraltheorywas, perhaps,thefirst exampleofassociating
psychologicaldisorderswitha“chemical imbalance,”an approach thatiswidespreadtoday.
Thepsychologicaltraditionhasalongtradition. Plato,forexample, thought thatthe two causesof
maladaptivebehaviorwerethesocialandculturalinfluences in one’slifeandthelearningthattookplace in
thatenvironment.Ifsomething waswrongintheenvironment,suchasabusiveparents,one’simpulsesand
emotionswould overcomereason.Thebesttreatment was toreeducatetheindividual so that reasonwould
predominate.
Duringthefirsthalfofthe19thcentury, apsychosocialapproachcalledmoral therapybecame influential.Its
tenetsincluded treatingpatientsasnormallyaspossible inasettingthatencouraged socialinteraction.Pussin
had alreadyremovedchainsusedtorestrainpatientsand institutedhumanepsychologicalinterventions.Pussin
persuadedPinelto go alongwiththechanges.
AfterWilliamTuke (1732–1822)followedPinel’sleadin England, Benjamin Rush (1745–1813), often
consideredthefounderofAmericanpsychiatry, introducedmoraltherapyatPennsylvaniaHospital.Asylums
had appearedin the16th century,but theyweremorelike prisonsthanhospitals.DorotheaDix (1802–1887)
campaigned forreformin thetreatmentofinsanity.Havingworked in variousinstitutions,shehad firsthand
knowledgeof thedeplorableconditionsimposed onpatientswithinsanity,andshemade itherlife’s workto
informtheAmerican publicof theseabuses. Herworkbecameknown as thementalhygienemovement. An
unforeseenconsequenceof Dix’sheroiceffortswasasubstantialincreaseinthenumberofmentalpatients.
Thisinfluxledto arapidtransitionfrommoraltherapyto custodialcare.
214. Explainpsychoanalytic theory. Referto conceptssuch asanxiety,defensemechanisms,andpsychosexual
development.Useexamples toillustrate theseconcepts.
ANSWER: SampleAnswer:Thepsychoanalytic theorydevelopedbySigmundFreud isbasedon threemajorconcepts.
-Structureofthemind. AccordingtoFreud, themind can bedividedinto threemajorparts:the id, thesource
ofourstrongsexualandaggressivefeelingsorenergies,whichoperateson thepleasureprinciple; theego, or
thepartofthemindthatoperates on therealityprincipletoensurethatweactrealistically;andthesuperego,
orconscience,whichrepresentsthemoralprinciplesofourculture. When theseareasareinconflict,itcan resultin
anxiety.
-Defensemechanisms. In order to mediatecontinuing conflictbetweentheidandthe superego, theego
marshalsdefensemechanismsorunconsciousprotectiveprocesses thatkeep primitiveemotionsin check.
Examples includedenial, displacement,projection,rationalization,reaction formation,repression,and
sublimation.
-Psychosexualstagesofdevelopment. Freud theorizedthatduringinfancyandearlychildhood,wepass through
psychosexualstagesofdevelopmentinaspecificorder thataffectourlifetime functioning. These
stagesincludetheoral, anal,phallic,latency, andgenitalstages,and arecharacterized bydistinctivemeansof
gratifyingourbasicneedsandsatisfyingourdrive forphysical pleasure.
215. Explain the inadequaciesofthe variousperspectives,andexplainwhytheconceptofamultidimensional integrative
approachto psychopathologyappearstobethe morelogicalchoice.
ANSWER: SampleAnswer: Allofthevariousapproacheshad shortcoming whenattemptingto explainpsychopathology.
Thebiologicalmodel, whileeffectivein treatingsomedisorders,couldnottreatothers.Sincebiological
causescould notbe found forsomedisorders,biologicaltreatmentscould notbedeveloped.Also,active
interventionand treatment wereallbuteliminatedin somesettings,despiteavailabilityofothereffective
approaches.Thepsychoanalyticperspectivewasbasedon anecdotal evidenceandcouldnotbescientifically
evaluated.Manyofthe basic tenetscould notbeobserved.Humanistictheorycontributedverylittlenew
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
informationtothefieldofpsychopathology.Itsprincipleswerenotscientificallytested,norwere they very
usefulin the interventionofseverepsychologicaldisorders.The behavioralmodelsuggestedthatall
psychopathologywasenvironmentallydetermined.Italsofailedtoaccountfordevelopmentof
psychopathologyacross thelifespan.Itcannotexplainthe morecomplexlayersofboth consciousand
subconsciousbehaviors.Astheuseofscientificresearch techniqueshascontinuedto expandour
understandingofthebiological,behavioral, cognitive,emotional,developmental,andsocialfactors that
contributeto behavior,itisincreasinglyclearthatpsychopathologyismultiplydetermined.This
understandingnow influencesourunderstandingofboth thecausesand treatmentsofpsychologicaldisorders.
216.What isthedifferencebetweenpersonalitydisordersand otherpsychological disorders(e.g., mooddisorders)?Why is
there disagreement in the mentalhealthprofessionregardingthecategorizationofpersonalitydisorders?
ANSWER: SampleAnswer:Personalitydisordersaredefined as “enduringpatternsofperceiving, relatingto, and
thinkingaboutthe environmentandoneselfthatare exhibited inawide rangeofsocialandpersonal
contexts,” and areinflexibleandmaladaptive.Theyalsocausesignificant functional impairmentorsubjective
distress.Theyareunlikemooddisordersinthatthey aremoreingrainedand inflexible,andthesedisordersare
typicallynoteasyto modify.Thereisagreatdealofcontroversyaboutdefiningthe personalitydisorders
becausetheyareoftenextremeversionsofpersonalitycharacteristicsthatare presentin people in general. Some
have argued thatthepersonalitydisordersshould beconsideredascontinuums, rather thancategories to
whichpeopleeitherbelongordon’t.However,thereisstill debateaboutthe characteristicsof thedisorders, and
even whichonesshouldbe includedintheDSM.
217.DescribethethreeclustersofDSM-5 personalitydisordersand provideanexplanation ofeachpersonalitydisorder
thatbelongs toeachcluster.Whatadjectives aregenerallyusedto describeeachcluster?
ANSWER: SampleAnswer:
ClusterApersonalitydisorders includeparanoid, schizoid,andschizotypalpersonalitydisorders.Peoplewith
paranoid personalitydisorderareexcessivelymistrustfulandsuspiciousofothers,withoutanyjustification.
Peoplewithschizoid personalitydisordershow
apatternofdetachmentfromsocialrelationshipsandalimitedrangeofemotionsininterpersonalsituations.Peoplewiths
chizotypalpersonalitydisorderbehave in waysthat wouldseemunusual to manyofus, andtheytendto
besuspiciousandto have odd beliefs.
ClusterB personalitydisordersincludeantisocial,borderline,histrionic,andnarcissisticpersonalitydisorders.
Peoplewith antisocialpersonalitydisorderarecharacterizedashavingahistoryof failingtocomplywith
socialnorms.Theyalsotend to beirresponsible,impulsive,anddeceitful.Peoplewithborderlinepersonality
disorderleadtumultuouslives.Theirmoodsandrelationshipsareunstable,and usuallytheyhave apoorself- image.
Thesepeopleoftenfeel emptyandareatgreatriskofdyingbytheirown hands.Individualswith
histrionicpersonalitydisorder tendto beoverlydramaticandoftenseemalmosttobeacting;theyare inclined
toexpress theiremotionsin anexaggeratedfashion,forexample,huggingsomeonetheyhavejust
metorcryinguncontrollablyduringa sad movie.Theyalsotend tobevain,self-centered,anduncomfortable when
theyarenotin thelimelight.People with narcissisticpersonalitydisorderhave an unreasonablesenseofselfimportanceandare sopreoccupiedwiththemselves that theylacksensitivityandcompassionforother
people.
ClusterCpersonalitydisordersincludeavoidant, dependent,andobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorders.
Peoplewith avoidantpersonalitydisorderareextremelysensitiveto the opinionsofothersandtherefore avoid
mostrelationships.Their extremelylowself-esteem,coupledwith afearofrejection,causesthemto be
limitedintheirfriendshipsanddependentonthosetheyfeelcomfortablewith. Peoplewithdependent
personalitydisorderrelyonothersto make ordinarydecisionsaswellas importantones,whichresultsin an
unreasonablefearofabandonment.People who have obsessive-compulsivepersonality disorderare
characterizedbya fixationon thingsbeingdone“therightway.”Although many mightenvytheirpersistence and
dedication,thispreoccupationwith detailsprevents themfromcompletingmuch ofanything.
ClusterApersonalitydisordersare generallydescribed asoddoreccentric.ClusterBpersonalitydisordersare
generallydescribedaspeoplewho aredramatic,emotional,orerratic.ClusterCdisordersaregenerally
describedaspeoplewhoareanxiousandfearful.
218.Discuss thegenderdifferences foundin personalitydisorders.Givespecificexamplesofdisorderswhere gender
differencesoccur.Do thedisparitiesindicatedifferencesbetweenmenandwomen in certainbasicexperiencesthatare
genetic,sociocultural, orboth, ordotheyrepresent biasesonthepartoftheclinicianswho make thediagnoses?
ANSWER: SampleAnswer: Borderlinepersonalitydisorderisdiagnosedmoreoften infemales,who makeup
about75%oftheidentifiedcases.Historically,histrionicand dependentpersonalitydisorderswereidentifiedby
cliniciansmoreoftenin women,butaccordingto more recent studiesoftheirprevalencein thegeneral population,
equalnumbersofmalesand femalesmay havehistrionicanddependentpersonalitydisorders.In a classicstudy,
researcherssentfictitiouscasehistoriesto clinical psychologistsfordiagnosis.Onecase describedaperson with
antisocialpersonalitydisorder,whichischaracterizedbyirresponsible andreckless
behaviorandusuallydiagnosedin males; theothercasedescribedapersonwithhistrionicpersonality
disorder,whichischaracterizedbyexcessiveemotionalityandattention seekingandmoreoftendiagnosedin
females.Thesubjectwas identifiedasmale insomeversionsofeachcaseandasfemale inothers,although
everythingelsewasidentical.Whentheantisocialpersonalitydisordercasewaslabeledmale, most
psychologistsgave thecorrectdiagnosis.However, when thesamecaseofantisocialpersonalitydisorderwas
labeledfemale,mostpsychologistsdiagnoseditashistrionicpersonalitydisorderratherthanantisocial
personalitydisorder.In thecaseofhistrionicpersonalitydisorder,beinglabeledawoman increasedthe
likelihoodofthatdiagnosis.Theresearchersconcludedthatthepsychologists incorrectlydiagnosedmore women
ashavinghistrionicpersonalitydisorder. Histrionicpersonalitydisorder, like severalof
theotherpersonalitydisorders,isbiasedagainst females.Manyof thefeaturesofhistrionicpersonalitydisorder,such
as overdramatization,vanity, seductiveness,andoverconcernwith physicalappearance,arecharacteristicofthe
Western “stereotypicalfemale.”Thisdisordermaysimplybe theembodimentofextremely“feminine”traits.
219.Describethe basicfeaturesofantisocialpersonalitydisorder.Whyispsychotherapywith thispopulationso likelyto fail?
ANSWER: SampleAnswer: Antisocial personalitydisorderinvolvesirresponsible,impulsive,deceitful behaviorthat
violatessocialandlegalnorms.Antisocial individuals lackconscienceandempathy, and feel justifiedin
takingwhattheywant,whether itsuitsotherpeopleornot.Thesebehaviorsstartearlyinlifeasconduct
disorder,whichisconsideredaprecursorto antisocialpersonalitydisorder.Oftentheindividualsinvolvedare
glib andsuperficiallycharmingbuthave agrandiosesenseofself-worth,are very good atmanipulatingothers, and
lackremorsefortheiractions.Some researchersbelievethatthe fearlessness,thrillseeking,and insensitivityto
punishment shown bypeoplewith antisocialpersonalitydisorderarerelatedtolow levelsof corticalarousal,
although socialfactorssuch asfamilialdivorceorsubstanceabusemayalsoencourage antisocialbehavior.
Sincepeople with antisocialpersonalitydisorderdonotfeelbadaboutwhattheyhave done,
theyrarelyseektreatmentunless forced tofor familyor legalreasons.Consequently,theyarenot motivated
tochange,oftenfailto cooperatewith treatment,andmayeven trytomanipulatethetherapistin order
tothwarttherapeuticchange.
220.Describethe characteristicsandcausesofborderlinepersonalitydisorder,anddiscusspossibletreatment approaches and
theirefficacy.
ANSWER: SampleAnswer: Borderlinepersonalitydisorderischaracterizedby erraticmoods,unstablerelationships,poor selfimage,and fearofabandonment. Borderlineindividualsoftenengage in suicidaland/orself-mutilating
behaviors,andhave difficultymaintaininghealthyrelationships. Borderlinepersonalitydisorderismore prevalentin
familieswith thedisorderandismorecommon in women.Thereisalsoastrong linkto early
sexualabuseamongborderlineindividuals,butitisnotclearwhetherthereisagene-environmentinteraction
accountingforsomeof thisdata.Peoplewith borderlinepersonalitydisordersaretypicallydistressedabout
theirlivesand aremorelikelyto seektreatmenteventhan peoplewithanxietyandmood disorders.Theyoften
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
respondpositivelyto medications,includingSSRIs,otherantidepressants,and lithium. Dialecticalbehavior
therapy, whichinvolveshelpingpeoplecope with the stressors thattriggersuicidal behavior,mayalsobe
effective.Therapyisconductedweeklyandhelpspatientslearnto identifyandregulateemotions.Italso
containselementsof treatments usedto helppeoplewith posttraumaticstressdisorder. Eventually,clients
learnto trust theirownresponse ratherthan dependingon thevalidationofothers.Up to 88% of
borderlinepatientswhoundergo therapyexperience remissionat10 years,whichisanextremelypositive
outlookamongthepersonalitydisorders.
221.Describethe similaritiesanddifferences betweenindividualswithobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorderand
individualsdiagnosed withtheanxietydisordercalledobsessive-compulsivedisorder.
ANSWER: SampleAnswer:Peoplewithobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorderare characterizedbyafixationon
thingsbeingdoneright,or their way. Theybecomepreoccupiedwith details,which caninterferewith their abilityto
completetasks.Thisdisorderisdistantlyrelatedtoobsessive-compulsivedisorder (ananxiety
disorder)sincesomeofthecharacteristicsoverlap;however, thepersonalitydisordertends tobepervasivebut
lessextreme than theanxietydisorder.
222. Explainwhatdifferentiatesindividualswith schizotypalpersonalitydisorderfromschizophrenia.Whatarethe
similaritiesobserved forindividualsdiagnosedwithschizotypalpersonalitydisorderand schizophrenia?
ANSWER: SampleAnswer:Peoplegivenadiagnosisofschizotypalpersonalitydisorderhave psychotic-like (butnot
psychoticasinschizophrenia) symptoms (suchasbelievingeverythingrelatesto thempersonally),social
deficits,andsometimescognitive impairmentsorparanoia.Theseindividualsareoftenconsideredodd or
bizarrebecauseofhowtheyrelate tootherpeople,howtheythinkandbehave,and even how theydress.They have
ideasofreference,whichmeanstheythinkinsignificanteventsrelatedirectlyto them.Individualswith schizotypal
personalitydisorder alsohave oddbeliefsorengage in “magicalthinking,”believing, forexample, that
theyareclairvoyantortelepathic.In addition,theyreportunusualperceptualexperiences,includingsuch
illusionsasfeelingthepresenceofanotherperson when theyare alone.Noticethesubtlebutimportant
differencebetweenfeelingasifsomeoneelseisintheroomand themoreextremeperceptual distortionin peoplewith
schizophreniawhomight reportthereissomeoneelseintheroomwhen there isn’t.Unlikepeople who simplyhave
unusualinterestsorbeliefs,thosewith schizotypal personalitydisordertend tobesuspicious and have
paranoidthoughts,expresslittleemotion, andmaydressorbehave in unusual ways.Theyshare
manyof thesamenonpsychoticsymptomsofpeoplewith schizophrenia,butlackanydelusionsor
hallucinations.
223.Thereisa greatcontroversyregardingtheclassificationissueofthepersonalitydisorders.Explainwhatareseenas
problemswiththecurrentclassificationsystemused intheDSM?
ANSWER: SampleAnswer:Thereisagreatdealofoverlapofthedisorders.Somepeoplearediagnosedwithseveral
personalitydisordersasaresult.Theseclassificationsarenothingmore thanaconvenientwayforclinicians to
rememberthedisordersandarenotbasedon anyscientificevidence.
Toaddresstheconcerns,somehave suggested introducingdimensionsbyratingclientsonsixbroad
personalitytraitdomains.Thesearenegativeemotionality, introversion,antagonism, disinhibition,
compulsivity, andschizotypy.Undereach ofthesedomainswould bemorespecifictraitfacets;clinicians
would rateclientson afour-pointscaleas totheextentthatthesetraitsarepresentthereforeprovidingsome
indicationofthedimensionalqualityofthedifficulties.
224. Why is the requirement that the behavior be atypical or not culturally expected important in defining a psychological
disorder?
ANSWER: Sample Answer: Behavior occurs in the midst of social context. Some behavior is appropriate in different settings
within a single culture. One example is clapping during a religious service. This may be completely appropriate at one house of
worship and not another. Other behaviors are appropriate in one culture and not another. Eating a beef hamburger is likely
more appropriate in Indiana than in India. From a different perspective, much of our behavior is culturally ascribed and does
not serve a biological purpose. None of these behaviors are right or wrong, but simply more or less appropriate in a given
context. Normality is defined as adherence to understood social norms.
225. What is the difference between prevalence and incidence? Why is this distinction important in mental health?
ANSWER: Sample Answer: Prevalence is the total number of people in a specific population that have a disorder. Incidence is
defined as how many people are newly diagnosed with a disorder within a given year. Prevalence can tell you how common a
mental health disorder is within a culture while incidence can tell you about the trends of diagnosing a specific disorder. For
example, the prevalence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is relatively high in the United States with 6.4
million children identified with ADHD in 2011. Incidence has been increasing since 2003 (7.8%) and 2007 (9.5%) 11% in 20
111.
226. Give an example of a modern mass hysteria.
ANSWER: Sample Answer: All answers will tell of one person (or a few people) seriously impacted followed by others (more
people) with mirroring concerns. One example is the panic that ensues after a sudden, loud noise in a crowded area the week
after a major school shooting.
227. You walk out of a store and your car is not in its parking space. Give a one-sentence response from the perspectives of
your Id, Ego, and Superego.
ANSWER: Sample Answer: Id = ”I’m going to find this thief and ring his neck!” Superego = “Could I have parked elsewhere? ”
Ego = “I am so frustrated but I’ve got good insurance.” All answers will differentiate the Id (pleasure principle), Superego
(moralistic), and Ego (mediator).
228. Name some of Sigmund Freud’s lasting contributions to the field of psychology.
ANSWER: Sample Answer: Sigmund Freud was the founder of psychoanalytic therapy. His work focused on the unconscious
mind and how its desires and urges determined personality and disorders. Freud further developed therapeutic techniques
including catharism, dream interpretations, and free association.
1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016). October 5, 2016. Data and Statistics: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html accessed 10.28.16