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Contents
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Inequality
Syllogism
Sitting Arrangement
Machine Input Output
Puzzles
Blood Relation
Series
Data sufficiency
Reasoning Inequality Trick - Solve any Question within 10 seconds
Today I am going to share King Soldiers and Public technique to solve Inequalities. By using this
technique, you can solve any question from Inequalities within 10 seconds. In every exam, at least 5
questions are asked from this topic.
Points to remember




King is more powerful than Soldiers
Soldiers are more powerful than Public
Whenever there is a conflict between two Kings, then there will be no conclusion
When there is a conflict between two soldiers, then there will be no conclusion
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Let King means < or >
Soldier means ≥ or ≤
Public means =
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Case 1. 'King vs King'
Suppose there is a war going on between two kings.Whenever the two kings faces each other
means war. In other words conclusion will be wrong.
Note: Two signs opposite to each other will make the conclusion wrong But again if the signs are in
same manner that will not make it wrong.
like this
If A > B <C > D then A < C = False , C > A = False.
But
If E > F > G > H then E > G = True , F > H = True , E > H = True.
Statement: A < D > C < E > B
Conclusions:
 C > B → False
 A < E → False
 D > B → False
In simple way ,Whenever these two sign comes in opposite direction the answer will be false.
Case 2. ' Soldiervs Soldier'
Whenever the soldiers face each other means again war(same apply here). In other words
conclusion will be wrong.
Note: Two signs opposite to each other will make the conclusion wrong But again if the signs are
same then it will be true.
like this
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
If A ≥ B ≤C then A ≤ C = False , C ≥ A = False.
But
If A ≥ B ≥ C then A ≥ C = True , C ≤ A = True.
Example
Statement: B ≥ D ≤ A ≥ F ≤ C
Conclusions :
I. A ≥ C → False
II. B ≤ F → False
III. D ≥ C → False
Case 3. Sets Priority:
If they all are comes in order then kings’ priority will be first ,soldier's second and public at
last.
Statement: P ≥ R > Q = T ≥ S
Conclusions :
I. P ≥ Q → False
II. P > Q → True
III. Q ≥ S → True
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Case 4.
When it occurs to you that the statement of order is opposite just change the sign into similar
opposite direction
Change the sign into similar opposite /corresponding / alternative direction.
If A > B > F > C < D < E
than F < A → True [ ∵ A > B > F = F < B < A ]
Example:
Statements : A>B>F>C; D>E>C
Conclusions:
I. C < A → True
II. C > A → False
Statements : R ≥ S ≥ T > U > X ; T < V <W
Conclusions:
I. R >X → True [Note: Apply Case 3 here ]
II. X< R → True [Note: Apply Case 3 & 4 here ]
Statements : K ≤ L ≤ M = N ; P ≥ O ≥N
Conclusions:
K≤ L≤M=N≤O≤P
III. K ≤ M → True
IV. K < P → False
V K = P → False
Statement IV & V Apply Either Or
Case 5. Protocols
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
There are some rules in battle field which is that king only fights with king andsoldier
only fights with soldier.
So Whenever you find two conclusions which are false Just check for these two
symbols.In Most of case where two conclusions are false and these two
similar signsare not there respectively then that statement you can call it as Either
Or but should check there variable it should same.
#Case Either Or :
Note : First thing you need to check whether in your conclusion any 2 or more
conclusions are wrong
then if it is there then check whether the two variables are same If It happens then
write it as 'Either or' but after checking their symbols.
Rules:
1. Both conclusion should False
2. Should have Same Predicate or Variable
3. Check the symbols
If 3 Condition is satisfied then write it as " Either Or' Other wise leave it.
Solved Questions :
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
#Case Neither Nor :
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
There are some rules in battle field which is that king only fights with king andsoldier
only fights with soldier.
So Whenever you find two conclusions which are false Just check for these two
symbols.In Most of case where two conclusions are false and these two signs
are notthere respectively then that statement you can call it as Neither Nor.
Note : First thing you need to check whether in your conclusion any 2 or more
conclusions are wrong
then write it as 'Neither Nor' but before checking their symbols.
Rules:
1. Both conclusion should False
2. Check the symbols
If Both Conditions are satisfied then write it as " Neither Nor' Other wise leave it.
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
How to solve 'Either Or' & 'Neither Nor' Question
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Inequality shortcut technique
Directions (Q. 1-5)
In the following questions, the symbol §,☆,@,# and $ are used with the following meaning as
illustrated below.
‘P ☆Q’ means ‘P is not greater than Q’.
‘P $ Q’ means ‘P is not smaller than Q’.
‘P § Q’ means ‘P is neither smaller than nor greater than Q’.
‘P @ Q’ means ‘P is neither smaller than nor equals to Q’.
‘P # Q’ means ‘P is neither equal to nor greater than Q’.
Now in each of the following questions assuming the given statements to be true, find which of the
three conclusions, 1,2,3 given below them is/are definitely true and give your answer accordingly.
#1
Statements N § B, B $ W,W # H, H ☆ M
Conclusions:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
M@W
H@N
W§N
W#N
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Only I is true
Only III is true
Only IV is true
Only either III or IV is true
Only either III or IV and I is true
#2
Statements R ☆ D, D $ J, J # M, M @ K
Conclusions:
I.
K#J
II.
D@M
III.
R#M
IV.
D@K
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
None is true
Only I is true
Only II is true
Only III is true
Only IV is true
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
#3
Statements H @ T, T # F, F § E, E ☆ V
Conclusions:
I.
V$F
II.
E@T
III.
H@V
IV.
T#V
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Only I, II and III are true
Only I, II and IV are true
Only II, III and IV are true
Only I, III and IV are true
All I, II, III and IV are true
#4
Statements D @ R, R ☆ K, K @ F, F $ J
Conclusions:
I.
J#R
II.
J#K
III.
R#F
IV.
K@D
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Only I, II and III are true
Only II, III and IV are true
Only I, III and IV are true
All I, II, III and IV are true
None of the above
#5
Statements M $ K, K @ N, N ☆ R, R # W
Conclusions:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
W@K
M$R
K@W
M@N
Only I and II are true
Only I, II and III are true
Only III and IV are true
Only II, III and IV are true
None of the above
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Directions (Q. 6-11)
Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
In the following questions, the symbol @,©,%,☆ and $ are used with the following meaning as
illustrated below.
‘P © Q’ means ‘P is not greater than Q’.
‘P $ Q’ means ‘P is not smaller than Q’.
‘P @ Q’ means ‘P is neither smaller than nor greater than Q’.
‘P ☆ Q’ means ‘P is neither greater than nor equals to Q’.
‘P % Q’ means ‘P is neither equal to nor smaller than Q’.
Now in each of the following questions assuming the given statements to be true, find which of the
three conclusions, 1,2,3 given below them is/are definitely true and give your answer accordingly.
#6
Statement : D @ M, M $ B, B ☆ R, R % T
Conclusion:
I.
B☆D
II.
B@D
III.
T☆M
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
None is true
Only I is true
Only II is true
Only III is true
Only either I or II is true
#7
Statement : W © F, F @ D, D ☆ K, K $ J
Conclusions: I. K % W
II. D $ W
III. F ☆ K
1) Only I and II are true
2) Only I and III are true
3) Only II and III are true
4) All I, II and III are true
5) None of the above
#8
Statements R * K,K © M,M % T,T $ J
Conclusions: : I. J * M
II. R * M
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
III. K © J
1) Only I is true
2) Only II is true
3) Only I and II are true
4) All I, II and III are true
5) None of the above
#9
Statements R @ K, T © K,T $ M,M * W
Conclusions: I. W % K
II.M © R
III. T © R
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Only I is true
Only II is true
Only III is true
All I, II and III are true
None of the above
#10
Statements T $ N, N % B,B @ W,K © W
Conclusions: I. K $ B
II.K $ T
III. T % B
1) Only I and II are true
2) Only I and III are true
3) Only III is true
4) All I, II and III are true
5) None of the above
#11
Statements Z % V, V * J,J © M,M @ R
Conclusions: I. R % V
II.M % V
III. Z % M
1) Only I and II are true
2) Only I and III are true
3) Only II and III are true
4) All I, II and III are true
5) None of the above
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Direction Q (12-16)In these questions relationships between different elements
is shown in the statements. These statements are followed by two conclusions.
Give Answer
1) If only conclusion I follows
2) If only conclusion II follows
3) If either conclusion I or conclusion II follows
4) If neither conclusion I or conclusion II follows
5) If both conclusion I and II follow
#12
Statements N ≥ O ≥ P = Q > R
Conclusions
I. N > R
II. R = N
#13
Statements W ≤ X < Y = Z >A;W<B
Conclusion
I. B > Z
II. W < A
#14
Statements : H > I > J > K ; L > M < K
Conclusions
I. I > M
II. L < H
#15
Statements : C < D < E ; D > F ≥ G
Conclusions
I. C ≥ G
II. F > E
#16
Statements : R > S ≥ T ≥ U; V < T
Conclusions:
I. V ≥ U
II. V < R
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Syllogism Shortcuts - Systematic Method to Solve Questions
All
Some
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
NO
Case # All - Some
Let!
You have 1000 $ in your pocket.One of your friend needs 600 $ to pay his Bill.He wants to
borrows money from you.He comes to you and say,"Do you have 600 $ ?.What would you say," Of
course Yes!".Even if He ask for 1 $, or 999 $ .Your answer will always "Yes!".
So Overall you had 1000 $ which is called "All " or All of the money you had & What is your friend
want some of the money like here 600 or it could be 1$ or 999 $ and what we call that some portion of
money out of it.or " Some".
That's why In " All " Case, "Some" is always true.
Example:
Statement : All A are B.
Possible Diagram
Conclusion
All A are B
Some A are B
Some B are A
Some A are not B
✓
✓
✓
✘
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Some B are not A ✘
Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Now Here we can see that A contains set of numbers. So we call it is as Set A and Same for B 'Set B'.
All the numbers in A is contains by B hence All A is B true But All the numbers in B is not in A or
not contain by A so All B is A → False.
Now Let understand How All A is B → True But All B is A → False
Let Box A & Box B . Here We can see that Box B is inside the Box A Hence Box B can fit into Box A but
Box A cannot fit into Box B.
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Case #
Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Some - Some Not
Assume you have given the exam & you passed with some marks that means you got some marks and
some or not.even if you passed the exam with 99% marks still you missed the 1%. So Even 99% is
count under the some case.and 1% is also count under some case.hence In 'Some' case 'Some Not' is
true.
Statement : Some A are B
Possible Diagram
Conclusion
All B areA
Some
No
✘
B
A
are
is
B
A
✓
✘
Statement : Some A are not B
Possible Diagram
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Explanation
Here we see that Set A & Set B has some common values hence we can say that Some A is B & Some
B is A But there also some values which are not common in both A & B.So We can also say that
Some A are not B & Some B are not A.
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Case #
Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
No- Some Not
Assume You have no money in your pocket.So if you got no money.It means also that some money is
not in your pocket.Having No means also some not.
Point to Remember while Solving Syllogism
 Anything is possible in a statement. like Some pens are fans. No fan is heater
 Negative Answer will never be there.
Simple Case
Statement
Conclusion
Some
All
,
No
,
Some,Some Not [ True ]
All
No
,
Some
Some , All [ True ]
Some Not
Only Statement [ True ]
No
Some
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,
[
Not
All
False
[
[
False
False
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]
]
]
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
No , Some Not [ True ]
Possibility
Statement
Conclusion
Some
No
,
Some
All , Some Not [ True ]
All
✘
No
✘
Some Not
Some
Not
,
Some , No [ True ]
[
All
False
[
False
Some Examples
Statement : Some A are B, Some B are C , All C are D
Conclusion
Some A are not D ✘
Some B are D
✓
Some A are C
✘
Statement Some A are B, Some B are C, No C is D
Conclusion
Some B are not D ✘
Some D are not B ✘
Some A are C
✘
Statement All A are B , All A are C , All A are D , No D is E
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]
]
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Conclusion
Some B are not E ✓
Some A are not E ✓
No C is E
✓
No A is E
✓
No E is A
✓
Statement : Some A are B, Some B are C, Some C are D, Some D are E
Conclusion
Some C are not A ✘
Some B are not D ✘
Some A are E
✘
All B are D
✘
No A is E
✘
Some C are A
✘
All B are E
✘
No B is E
✘
' Either Or ' & ' Neither Nor '
Complementary Pair
1. If One Conclusion is positive &One is Negative
No - Some
Some - Some Not
All - Some Not
2.
Same
Subject
&
Same
Predicate
3. & not able to draw both the conclusion then answer will be Either Or
are
there
Example
Statement All A are B , All A are C , All A are D , No D is E, Some F is C
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Conclusion
Statement : Some A are B, Some B are C, Some C are D, Some D are E
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Conclusion
Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Exception
1. In case of Universal (like 'All &No' ) Conclusion Complementary pair does not work
2. In this type of Question " Neither Nor "
Statement Some A are B, All B are C, No C is D
Conclusion
Some A are not D ✘
No B is D
✘
Some A are C
✘
Some D are B
✘
Statement All A are B, No B is C , All C are D
Conclusion
Some A are not D ✘
No D is B
✘
No A is C
✓
No A is D
✓
No D is A
✘
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Possibility
Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Statement Some A are B, Some B are C
Conclusion
Explanation (Simple case A,B& C) :
Let A, B & C are three person. A & B knows each other. B & C knows each other But B knows
both.Now Will A talk about C ? Answer is 'Not!,Neither Positive Nor Negative' because he doesn't
knows him.So conclusion C is False.
Possibility Case (Conclusion : D,E & F) :
Now Lets take a look at conclusion E.Now Suppose there is raining outside your home and someone
comes to you and say there is a possibility to rain today.What would you say to him,'Mad!"Same
scenario is here By looking at diagram it clearly says that Some B are A then how could be say it is
'possible' which is actual there.Hence Possibility make it wrong or false the conclusion.So Conclusion
E is wrong.
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Now talk about conclusion F which says Some A are not c which we don't know but it says let it is a
'possibility' so anything could be possible which doesn't make our statement wrong or contradict with
statement.If we make it like this below:
We talk here about possibility which could be anything which especially not contradict with our
statement.So F which was False in Simple Case but When we talk about possibility is became true.
Let another example for this.Now Let There is a cloudy sky outside your home.Someone comes to
you and say ," There is a possibility that there might be rain today",Now you have no idea whether it
rain today or not.So you might be say ," Bro! It is possible".Now here you cannot talk about negative
because in Syllogism Negative Answer will never be there.
In a statement word like these called possibility
 Can be
 Possible
 May be / might be
 Chances
 Occurs
 is being possibility
 is a possible
In a statement word like these called surety
 Can Never be
 Can
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Reasoning Seating Arrangement Shortcut Trick
Today I am going to share technique to share seating arrangement (sitting arrangement) question sets.
# Cases of Seating Arrangement
1. Circle
2. Square
3. Rectangle
4. Lines
# Solving Seating Arrangement
Circle is the most important case from the exam point of view. Most of the times Circle kind of
statements are there in exams.
From the exam point of view ,In most cases they give 8 person sitting in the circle.
But Before Solving the important thing is their ' Sitting position '.
Step 1 . Knowing NEWS! N= North , E= East , W=West , S= South
To remember this just remember combination ' North - South ' & ' West - East ' which comes together
to each other respectively.
So remember " WE are Not Smokers" for combination
Now just place like this on paper
Step 2 : Picking Left & Right .
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 Facing Center
Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
 Facing Outside
If It is mention in the statement that all is facing outside then just do opposite of above like this:
Clock wise = Right & Anti- clock wise = Left
Step 3: Solving Step Wise the statement or Following the statement
Example :
Eight people E, F, G, H, J, K, L and M are sitting around a circular table facing the center.Each of
them is of a different profession Charted Accountant, Columnist, Doctor, Engineer, Financial Analyst,
Lawyer, Professor and Scientist but not necessarily in the same order. F is sitting second to the left of
K. The Scientist is an immediate neighbor of K. There are only three people between the Scientist and
E. Only one person sits between the Engineer and E. The Columnist is to the immediate right of the
Engineer. M is second to the right of K. H is the Scientist, G and J are immediate neighbor of each
other. Neither G nor J is an Engineer. The Financial Analyst is to the immediate left of F. The lawyer
is second to the right of the Columnist. The Professor is an immediate neighbor of the Engineer. G is
second to the right of Charted Accountant.
Before solving remember
1. No of Persons = 8 , No of Profession = 8
2. Facing Center
3. 8 persons → 8 profession
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Persons
Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Professions
E
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
Step 4 : Break statement into Shortcuts
Statement: F is sitting second to the left of K.
We can write it as:
[ Note : The Above diagram shows that there is one place vacant between F & K ]
Will get like this:
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Step 5. Applying these Shortcuts into Circle Diagram
Be careful while positioning or placing Scientist and Engineer.There you need to make two
diagram for each.
Step a) Pick any place and place it there the one person whom you want to be placed.
(Be careful while choosing that particular person or element like here E, F,G,H,J,K,L,M,N )
The one person or element you choose, should be relate with at least 2 element of the statement
because it will make the other step easy for you.Try to choose the co-relating element which help you
to fill the maximum space or seats or corners or places and Always choose the one in which you know
the exact location (Left or Right).
Now here i choose F. F relates with K and M
[Note: Don't go again & again for reading whole statement,just use the shortcuts that you have made]
Step b) Now check whether the already placed element co-relate with any other elements.like here
The Scientist is an immediate neighbor of K.So here is the relation between K & Scientist.Now here
we don't know the exact position of Scientist.So Most of cases you will find this kind of
problem.When there is a two possibility then it is Called ' T ' point.
Step c) Find whether there is any T point in a statement.Solve it by making two different
diagram.Like here 1(a) & 2(a) which will further be checked whether these diagram satisfied the other
problems or condition or statement given in the question.If it is not then make other two diagram.Like
Here (1b & 2b). At the end , you will get the answer.
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
In 1(a) & 1(b) We are unable to position the person G & J.So 1(a) & 1(b) diagram is not possible.Now
Move to 2(a).
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
In 2(a) Engineer cannot be placed next to F.So 2(a) diagram is not possible.
Machine Input Output Shortcut Trick
# Patterns
1. Pattern Based On Shifting
2. Pattern Based On Arrangement
3. Pattern Based On Mathematical Operation
4. Miscellaneous Approach Or Other Patterns
1. Based On Shifting
In this pattern ,you will find the elements are shifting from one place to other.
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Important Note:
 In shifting problems, the previous step of any step can possibly be determined,so we can
move in backward or reverse order which is not possible in some of the other type of
problems.
How to solve Problems Based on Shifting
Lets take an Example
Input: Boy Crazy Guy Other Help Charm
Step 1. Boy Other Guy Crazy help Charm
Step 2. Boy Other Help Crazy Guy Charm
Step 3. Charm Other Help Crazy Guy Boy
Step 4. Charm Crazy Help Other Guy Boy
Step 5. Charm Crazy Guy Other Help Boy
Step 6. Boy Crazy Guy Other Help Charm
Shifting of element can easily be understood by marking them equivalent to number like
Boy = 1,Crazy = 2, Guy = 3, Other = 4, Help = 4, Charm = 5.
Input can be written as 1 2 3 4 5 6
Step 1, 2 and 4 interchanged
Step 2. 3 & 5 interchanged
Step 3. 1 & 6 interchanged
Step 4. Step 1, 2 & 3 are repeated again.
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
2. Based on Arrangement
Rules :
1. Previous Step can never be determined.Let we have given Step VI & then ask to find Step V or
IV or III ,so this is clear gives you the answer 'Cannot be determined'
2. Let Total No. Of element or words or numbers in input is 8. So take n = 8 then Maximum step
can be made through this input is ( n - 1).It will only happen in the case of Arrangement.
3. To find particular step ( Let x) for any input , logically pick 1st x alphabetical word or numbers
in increasing order and just place them before the remaining word or numbers.This is the case
Apply when given Input is an 'Increasing Order' & For Decreasing Order last x word or
numbers should be picked.We will do this through example later in this article.
Different types of Arrangements:
1. From Left
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
From Right
Left-Right Alternate Arrangement
Increasing/Decreasing Arrangement of Numbers
Left-Right Alternate Arrangement of Numbers
Arrangement of word & Number simultaneously
1. From Left
2. From Right
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
3. Left- Right Alternate Arrangement
4. Increasing/Decreasing Arrangement
5. Left-Right Alternate Arrangement of Numbers
6. Arrangement of Word & Numbers Simultaneously
Case 1.
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Case 2.
Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Case 3.
Case 4.
Example:
Input vain istanbul tomorrow mind blowing gesture of the elbow
Step 1. blowing vain istanbul the mind gesture of elbow
Step 2. blowing elbow vain istanbul the mind gesture of
Step 3. blowing elbow gesture vain istanbul the mind of
Step 4. blowing elbow gesture istanbul vain the mind of
Step 5. blowing elbow gesture istanbul mind vain the of
Step 6. blowing elbow gesture istanbul mind of vain the
Step 7. blowing elbow gesture istanbul mind of the vain
1. Input ' is you are again famous on this' Find the Step 3.
a) again are famous is you on this b) on this you is famous are again c) this on you is famous areagain
d) famous this on you is are again e) None of these
2. If given, Step 4 'option pen rose Seema tape yolk ' , what will be the input?
a) pen option rose tape Seema yolk b) yolk Seema tape rose option pen
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
c) tapeSeema yolk rose option pen d) Cannot be determined e) None of these
3. Input 'no gum to sum fame game;Find the Step 1.
a) game no gum to sum fame b) gum no to sum fame game c) game gum no to sum fame
d) Cannot be determined e) None of these
4. Input ' He is a great Indian cricketer'.Find out the last step for this input.
a) 7
b) 6
c) 4
d) Cannot be determined
e) None of these
5. Input 'when men ten gain rain'.What would be the second step for this input?
a) gain when men ten rain b) gain men when ten rain c) rain ten men when gain
d) Cannot be determined e) None of these
Sol:
1. Applying Rule 3. Pick Alphabetically 3 words in forward order ( again, are , famous)
and place them before the remaining word that will give you :
Step 3.again are famous is you on this
2.Applying Rule 1. Hence Cannot be determined
3.Applying Rule 3. Step 1 : fame no gum to sum game Option e is correct.
4. Applying Rule 2. Total No of words = 6. n=6 then n-1 which is 6-1=5
Hence total No of Step can be made is 5. So Option a),b) & c) is wrong.
Now Apply Rule 3
Input : He is a great Indian cricketer.
In alphabetical order : A=1 , Cricketer =2, Great =3 , He = 4, Indian =5, Is= 6
Clearly After removing 1,2,3&6 ( four words) the remaining words come in order
So, Total Steps = 4, Total words Removed = 4 & Last Step = 4.
Step 4 : A cricketer great he indian is.
5. Applying Rule 3
Step need to find = 2, Total Word = 2
Input : When men ten gain rain
Now pick the word alphabetically it will be men gain,Now placed them at front in ascending order
before the other words like this : gain men and Now other words are when ten rain.
So it became Step 2: gain men when ten rain.
3. Based on Mathematical Operation
It will be better understood through an example
So lets take an example
Input : 31 45 87 54 25 68
Step 1
4
9
15
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9
7
14
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Step 2
3
Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
20
56
20
10
48
Step 3
961
2025
7569
2916
625
4624
Step 4
29791
91125
658503
157464
15625
314432
Step 5
6.5
9
17.4
10.8
5
13.6
Step 6
4
9
6
9
7
5
Step 7
33
47
89
56
27
70
Step 8
26
40
82
49
20
63
Step 9
93
135
261
162
75
204
Step 10
8
18
30
18
14
28
Step 11
2
1
1
1
3
2
Step 12
9
81
225
81
100
196
Step 1: Digit sum of input.
Step 2. Product of the digits of input
Step 3. Square of the each number of the input
Step 4. Cube of the each number of the input
Step 5. Each number of the input is divided by 5
Step 6. Keep adding digits till they are converted into single digit
Step 7. Each number of the input + 2
Step 8. Each number of the input – 5
Step 9. Each number of the input * 3
Step 10. Digit's sum of each number of input * 2
Step 11. Difference between digits of each number of the input
Step 12. ( Digit sum of each number of input )2
4. Misc. Problems
There is no fixed pattern in regard of statement. Statement under this category will come before you
as a real surprise.Such question are complete mind game.
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Step I. Interchanged the first and last digit of the input.
Step II. Fix the zero after the first digit of the given input
Step III. 1st digit becomes last in two-digit numbers while middle digit becomes the 1st digit in threedigit numbers
Step IV. Last digit of the given input is removed
Step V. Just specify the zero at the end of the digit of the given input.
How to solve Reasoning Puzzles Quickly
Puzzles are a curious thing; they solve so easily when solving them at home and almost always let us
down in exams. Why? Have you asked yourself?
Why at home we can solve hundreds of questions without mistake and in exam we can’t even make A
or B sit in the correct order to actually get an answer!
Sometimes you might have encountered a situation where having solved a puzzle
, when clicking on options, you find that after 2-3 questions (where you were able to find your
‘correct’ option), in the 4/5th questions your answer according to your arrangement is not their in the
options at all!
Has anyone of you encountered such a frustrating situation? I know I have, and many of friends have
too.
It all happens because of tension. At home we don’t take tension = puzzles get solved correctly. In
exam we take a lot of tension = puzzles get more puzzled!
So let us try not to take tension and learn how to solve puzzles in an easy manner.
1. Know your enemy – or in this case, the common puzzle structure.
Seating arrangements with Banks/Colour/Fruit/Language/State/car models etc. likes and dislikes and
options.
Or, Days and subjects with the similar likes and dislikes thing. Or, maybe months/floors/single
row/double row etc. with multiple likes/dislikes options.
The more complicated the better for them and worse for us!
2. Every battle has a plan – so should you!
I look at puzzles as a personal battle with the Gods of Luck, and I used to always lose – until the day I
planned my puzzle solving quest.
Yes, dear readers, plan. How? Well, then read on …
3. Read once, start drawing –
A table or a circle or a row or multiple rows…whatever as per the given question.
Do no waste time reading the whole puzzle! In the two lines, you get to know if it’s a seating
arrangement in circle/square/row/multiple rows etc., immediately draw the required figure.
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
4. Keep reading and arranging –
Once you have the basic structure of arrangement, then keep reading and after every line, arrange the
information given in that sentence.
Go one sentence at one time. Arrange the information given in one sentence and only then move on
the next one.
5. Use tables
To solve puzzles of days/subjects/floors/persons where there is no seating order.
This is a great way to solve puzzles – and you’ll see that your questions will start looking easy once
you have all the information nicely arranged in a tabulated manner.
6. Indirect clues
After arranging as per the direct information available in question, you’ll see that some are left unarranged.
These will require your logical reasoning abilities to be able to solve these indirect relations.
Everyone can do it. You can do it. But the difference between a successful candidate and the
unsuccessful one is – presence of mind/clarity of thinking/ and keeping calm and composed.
That said, here is one practice question to help you kick start your battle against the puzzles!
EXAMPLE
Four people were being interviewed for the same job, on the same day but in different rooms(R1, R2,
R3 and R4), at different time and by different interviewers.(First sentence – what do you do? Make a
table!)
Determine which candidate was interviewed by whom, at which time and in which room.(What can
be arranged first in the table? What can logically be the first coloumn? – Room numbers, because
other information cannot be logically arranged!)
(i) Teena’s appointment was just after Mr. Sharma’s, which was just after that of the person in room
R2.
(ii) Mr. Narurkar’s appointment was atleast two hours later than Bimal’s.
(iii) Mr. Joshi’s appointment was just after the person who had an interview in room R4, who had an
appointment just after Chirag.
(iv) Three of the four people were: (1)Deepak, (2) the one with interview in room R1, and (3) the one
who was interviewed at 1 p.m.(this is a crazy one!)
(v) Interview times were – 11 a.m., 12 noon, 1 p.m., and 2 p.m.(This could be a row heading.)
(vi) Sharma, Narurkar, Joshi and Zaidi were interviewers and Teena, Bimal, Chirag and Deepak were
the interviewees.
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Q1. Sharma’s appointment is with
(a) Teena
(b) Bimal
(c) Chirag
(d) Deepak
Q2. Deepak’s appointment was in room
(a) R1
(b)R3
(c)R2
(d) R4
Q3. Mr. Zaidi interviewed
(a) Deepak
(b) Teena
(c) Bimal
(d) Chirag
Q4. Who interviewed at 2 p.m.?
(a) Mr. Joshi
(b) Mr. Zaidi
(c) Mr. Narurkar
(d) Mr. Sharma
Q5. Which candidate was interviewed last?
(a) Deepak
(b) Teena
(c) Bimal
(d) Chirag
The option in italics is the correct answer. How many did you get right?! And a sample table of the
solution:
Interviewee
Chirag
Bimal
Deepak
Teena
Interviewer
Sharma
Zaidi
Joshi
Narurkar
R1
R2
R3
R4
11 a.m.
X
Definite
X
X
12 p.m.
Definite
X
X
X
1 p.m.
X
X
X
Definite
2 p.m.
X
X
Definite
X
That’s all for today friends!
Blood Relations Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
In Blood Relations certain information is given about the members of the family in the question,
Based on that information we need to find out the relationship between particular member of the
family. Generally the question deals with hierarchical structure which is based on seven generation
three above & three below like this:
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Generation
Male
Female
Three generations above↑↑↑
Great
grandfather
Maternal great grandfather
Great grandfather-in-law
Great
Maternal
Great
Two generations above ↑↑
Grandfather
Maternal
grandfather
Grandfather-in-law
Grandmother
Maternal
grandmother
Grandmother-in-law
One generations above ↑
Father,
Uncle,
Maternal uncle, Father-in-law
Mother,
Aunt
Maternal aunt, Mother-in-law
Current generation(Self) →
Husband,
Brother
Cousin, Brother-in-law
Wife,
Cousin, Sister-in-law
One generation below ↓
Son
Nephew
Son-in-law
Daughter
Niece
Daughter-in-law
Two generations below ↓↓
Grandson
Grandson-in-law
Grand
daughter
Grand daughter-in-law
Three generations below ↓↓↓
Great
grandson
Great grandson-in-law
Great
grand
daughter
Great grand daughter-in-law
grandmother
great grandmother
grandmother-in-law
Sister
Important Blood Relations
Father of grandfather or
grandmother
Great grandfather
Daughter of father or
mother
Sister
Mother of grandfather or
grandmother
Great grandmother
Son of second wife of
father
Step brother
Father of
mother
father
or
Grandfather
Daughter of second wife
of father
Step sister
Mother
mother
father
or
Grandmother
Son/daughter
uncle/aunt
Cousin
Wife of grandfather
Grandmother
Brother of husband or
wife
Brother-in-law
Husband of grandmother
Grandfather
Sister of husband or wife
Sister-in-law
of
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Father-in-law
father/mother
of
Grandfather
Husband of sister/sisterin-law
Brother-in-law
Mother-in-law
father/mother
of
Grandmother
Son of father
Oneself/Brother
Father
Mother of son/daughter
Oneself/Wife
Only daughter-in-law of
father’s
father/father’s
mother
Mother
Father of daughter/son
Oneself/husband
Husband of mother
Father
Son
of
son
of
grandmother/grandfather
Brother/Oneself
/Cousin
Wife of father
Mother
Daughter of son of
grandmother/grandfather
Cousin/Oneself
/Sister
Second wife of father
Step mother
Son of brother or sister
Nephew
Brother of father
Uncle
Daughter of brother/sister
Niece
Brother of mother
Maternal Uncle
Grandson
father/mother
of
Son/Nephew
Sister of father
Aunt
Granddaughter
father/mother
of
Daughter or Niece
Sister of mother
Maternal Aunt
Husband of daughter
Son-in-law
Husband of aunt
Uncle
Wife of brother/brotherin-law
Sister-in-law
Wife of uncle
Aunt
Wife of son
Daughter-in-law
Son
of
grandfather/grandmother
Father/Uncle
Son of son/Daughter
Grandson
Daughter of father-inlaw/mother-in-law
of
father
Mother/Aunt
Daughter
son/Daughter
Father of wife/husband
Father-in-law
Son’s/Daughter’s
grandson
Great Grandson
Mother of wife/husband
Mother-in-law
Son’s/Daughter’s
granddaughter
Great granddaughter
Father’s
only
father/mother
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Granddaughter
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Children of same parents
Siblings
Father’s/Mother’s
son/daughter
Oneself
only
Son of father or mother
Brother
Representation through diagram
⊕
│
⊕
Father-Son
⊕
│
ϴ
Father-Daughter
ϴ
│
⊕
Mother-Son
ϴ
│
ϴ
Mother-Daughter
#Types
 Based on Dialogue or Conversation
 Based on Puzzles
 Based on Symbolically Coded
# Conversation or Dialogue
In this type of question.the one person talking to or doing chit -chat with other person giving
information throw pointing to some picture or person.
Madhu said, pointing to Shreya, " His mother is my fmother's only daughter".HowMadhu is related to
Shreya?
a) Father b) Son c) Grandson d) Mother e) None of these
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Pointing to a man in a photograph, a man said to a woman, "His mother is the only daughter of your
father".How is the woman related to the man in the photograph?
a)Sister b) Mother c) Wife d) Daughter e) None of these
# Based on Puzzles
In this type of question ,You have to conclude the relation between two given person based on more
than one information given in the question.
Example:
Direction:
A is the mother of B. B is the sister of C. D is the son of C. E is the brother of D. F is the mother of E.
G is the granddaughter of A. H has only two children B and C.
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Q1. How F related to H?
a) Son-in-law
b) Daughter-in-law
c) Father-in-law
d)Granddaughter
e) Cannot be determined
Q2. How is C related to E?
a)Father
b) Son
c) Mother
d) Cousin brother
e) Cannot be determined
Q3. Who is the mother of G?
a) C
b) B
c) F
d) Either B or F
e) Either C or F
Solution
(1)
Sol: Option (b)
From the above diagram it is clear that F is daughter-in-law of H.
(2)
Sol: Option (a)
From the above diagram.It is clear that C is father of E.
(3)
Sol: Option (b)
From the above diagram it is clear that B is mother of G.
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# Symbols
Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
In this type of question information are coded in the form of ∆#$%&*÷+ etc,..
Direction:
Read the following information carefully and then answer the question given below.
a)A∆B means A is mother of B
b) A $B means A is sister of B
c) A*B means A is father of B
d) A #B means A is brother of B
Q1. Which of the following means R is uncle of T?
a) R*P#S∆Q$T b)S*P#R*U#T c) P*R#Q$S*T d)P*R$Q$S*T e) None of these
q2. Which of the following means L is paternal grandfather of O ?
a) L*R$M#K#O b)R*L∆P#K$O c) L*M∆R*K#O d) L*R#M*K#O e) None of these
Solution
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Sequence and Series - Types of Logic Used
Types of series on the basis of Logic :1. Simple addition and subtraction series
2.
3.
4.
5.
Prime number series
Square and cube series
Algebraic series
Misc.
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Practice questions to explain the logic
1) 5, 6, 10, 19, 35, ?
2) 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, ?
All are prime numbers so next number in the series will be 29.
3) 5,7,10,15,22, ?
4) 4, 9, 25, 49, 121, ?
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5) 6, 13, 27, 55, 111, ?
Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
6) 3, 5, 9, 15, 23, ?
7) 13, 14, 18, 27, 43, ?
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8) 3, 6, 18, 90, 630, ?
Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
9) 1, 4, 27, 16, 125, ?
10) 1, 2, 9, 4, 25, 6, 49, ?
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Data Sufficiency Questions, Tips and Method
Data sufficiency is an important part of quantitative aptitude section of every competitive
exam including IBPS, LIC, Civil services, CAT and GMAT. In almost every exam there are
several questions from data sufficiency.
Most of the candidates try to solve data sufficiency questions by guess work. As every
question carries same marks, questions in this part also deserve some time. Instead of guess
work use a simple strategy as give below and avoid guessing the answer.
STEPS IN SOLVING DATA SUFFICIENCY QUESTIONS
1) Read the given problem. Don't assume anything except universal facts.
2) Take the first statement and combine it with main statement. Try to find the answer.
3) If you are unable to find the answer using 2nd step then combine second statement and
combine it with main statement and try to find answer.
4) If you are unable to find an answer using second statement then add both statements with
main statement and try to find answer
5) If even now you can't find answer, simply tick both statements are insufficient.
Directions :Marks A as answer if statement I alone is sufficient to answer the question
Marks B as answer if statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question
Marks C as answer if statement I and II together are sufficient to answer the question but
neither statement aloneis sufficient to answer the question
DATA SUFFICIENCY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Question 1. How many people are there in the plain ?
Statement I : 25% passengers are women and 35% are children.
Statement II : There are 24 men in the plain
Answer
From Statement I we can conclude that there are 40% men in the plain but we can't find the
exact number of passengers
From Statement two : Number of men passengers = 24
By combining both the statements we get, total number of passengers = 24 * 100/40 = ( you
don’t need to calculate the answer )
Hence answer is C
Question 2. What is the difference between monthly income of Ram and Chaaru
Statement I : Ram earns Rs 6000 less than Shaam
Statement II :Chaaru earns Rs 6000 more than Shaam.
Answer : In this question we don't need to in depth. Simply there is difference of Rs 12000
Question 3. Is x divisible by 28 ?
Statement I : x is divisible by 20
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Reasoning Shortcut Tricks
Statement II : x is divisible by 84
Answer. Using statement I - x is divisible by 4 and 5
Using statement II - x is divisible by 3,4, and 7.
By using both statements we can conclude that x is divisible by 28 ( 4*7), hence answer is C.
Question 4. P,Q,R,S and T are five friends. Their mean age is 18. What is the age of R ?
Statement I : P's age is 18
Statement II : Q's age is 2 years less than T and T's age is 6 years less than S.
Statement III : R's age is 6 years more than B's age and 4 years more than T's age.
Answer : P+Q+R+S+T = 90
From Statement I : Q+R+S+T = 72
From Statement II : Q = T - 2 and T=S - 6
So S = T + 6
Statement III : R = Q+6 and R = T + 4
Age of every friend can be defined in terms of T's age by using all three statements. So we
can reach the answer using all three statements. Hence answer is C.
TIPS TO SOLVE DATA SUFFICIENCY QUESTIONS






Never try to reach final answer as it is not asked. You need to find whether the
information provided is enough to solve the given problem or not.
Never make any assumption. Use only universal rules { eg. a + b = a + b - (a U b) }
Try to solve questions by using above strategies
Solve question step by step. First try to find answer using first statement then second
and finally with both. Then mark the answer
Even if you find answer with only one statement, then try to find answer with
remaining statement as sometimes there is an option that answer can be find with
both statements separately.
Move on quickly and mark answer can't be found in case you are unable to reach any
conclusion with information provided.
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