• Discuss the features of an integrated health care system. - Integrated health care came about as part of the U.S health care reform movement in response to fragmented, costly, and varying quality of health care - Improve health care quality and decreasing overall health care costs • Summarize the scope of the six levels of health care. - Preventive: is more disease oriented and focused on reducing and controlling risk factors for disease through activities such as immunization and occupational health programs. + wellness visit, immunizations, diet counseling - Primary: focuses on improved health outcomes for an entire population by promoting regular health care visits + diagnosis/treatment of common illnesses, family planning, patient centered home care - Secondary: urgent care, radiological procedures - Tertiary: ICU, psychiatric care, specialty care - Restorative: to help individuals regain maximal functional status and to enhance quality of life through promotion of independence and self-care + rehab, sports medicine - Continuing: long-term care, psychiatric/older-adult day care • Discuss the role of nurses in various health care settings. - At every level of care, nurses and other health care providers offer a variety of prevention services. • Explain the relationship between levels of health care and levels of prevention. • Examine the types of settings in which professionals provide primary, secondary, and tertiary health care. - Primary & preventative: schools, physicians’ offices, and occupational health clinics - Secondary & tertiary: hospitals • Discuss the factors that affect a person’s access to health care. - Economic factors, cultural/social differences, lack of recognition by legislators, and isolation from living in rural areas • Summarize the importance of discharge planning. - is a coordinated, interprofessional process that develops a plan for continuing care after a patient leaves a health care agency. • Identify barriers to effective discharge planning. - Ineffective communication, lack of clarity role, and lack of resources • Explain how the concept of “Pay for Value” is used to reward hospitals financially. - ties reimbursement to quality; if hospitals perform poorly in quality scores, they receive lower payments for services from CMS. • Explain the approaches nurses can use to improve patient satisfaction. - Teach-back: is a coordinated, interprofessional process that develops a plan for continuing care after a patient leaves a health care agency. - providing patient- and family-centered care and applying good interpersonal skills, including courtesy, respect, and good communication skills. • Discuss how the nursing shortage is affecting the nursing profession. • Explain the concept of patient-centered care. - focused on the patient’s preferences, needs, and values and involves the patient in the clinical decision-making process. - based on the patient’s lifestyle and is coordinated with the health care team so that the patient is engaged in the care process. • Explain the effects of health disparities on the health of a community. - Social determinants of health contribute to health disparities, creating differences in the health status of different groups of people in a community. - Disparities in health status, particularly in a community in which the majority have poor health, will affect the productivity and vulnerability of a population. • • Baseline for patient needs
