20s & Great Depression STUDY SHEET Test is on Tuesday Nov. 9th Scopes Monkey Trial: Evolution VS Religion John Scopes was a high school teacher who found guilty for teaching the theory of evolution in the classroom. The trial showed how religious views were clashing with scientific theories in America. PROHIBITION: MADE ALCOHOL ILLEGAL 18th Amendment: No selling, consuming, or production of any intoxicating liquors (Remember: you CANT drink at 18) Prohibition led to the rise of organized crime and the mafia (Al Capone) Eventually, the govt was forced to allow it again by passing the 21st amendment: 21st Amendment: Overturned the 18th amendment, alcohol becomes legal again. (Remember: you CAN drink at 21) FLAPPER WOMEN: Breaking Social Norms of Society Women in the 20s shattered traditional attitudes & norms of society. They started becoming more independent, working outside the home more, dressing more openly, showing skin, smoking in public, waiting to have children and get married later in life and becoming more sexually active. HARLEM RENAISSANCE “Golden Age” of African American arts. resulted from the Great Migration of African Americans leaving the South for factory jobs & trying to escape the increased racism of the South. African Americans celebrated their heritage and freedom through the creation of arts and music. 2 effects: Jazz Music & Tin Pan Alley music RED SCARE: fear of communists REDS or “radicals” taking over & infiltrating America The Red Scare was hysteria over the perceived threat posed by Communists who had infiltrated the U.S. (Communists were often referred to as “Reds” for their allegiance to the red Soviet flag.) Palmer Raids: Attorney General Palmer raided hundreds of immigrants and political activist homes (without warrant or just cause) & deported immigrants trying to stop the spread of “radical” communist ideas by “REDS” Sacco & Vanzetti: Two Italian immigrants who were put to death due to RED Scare paranoia & anti-immigrant Nativists attitudes in America PRESIDENT HARDING & “Return to Normalcy” & Teapot Dome Scandal: President Harding got elected by saying he would “RETURN TO NORMALCY” and concentrate on domestic economic issues Teapot Dome & Corrupt Cabinet Members: The oil rich land was in Teapot Dome, Wyoming. The Harding administration and his corrupt cabinet members (advisors) took over the land and sold it off in exchange for bribes. Result: Americans saw their government was corrupt for the first time. INNOVATION & ASSEMBLY LINE: Henry Ford started using the Assembly Line to mass produce cars. As a result, cars were MORE AFFORDABLE. CAUSES OF GREAT DEPRESSION: Over Speculation in the Stock Market: buying too many stocks & making reckless investments - banks also did this with people’s money. Smoot-Hawley Tariff: tax on foreign goods (so people would buy American made products) but it led to a decrease in international trade and hurt the economy Business Failures: people could not buy products so that led to businesses failing and then laying off workers & causing unemployment & homelessness (foreclosures). Stock Market Crash of 1929: Stock market crashed & Americans lost everything Bank Failures & Bank Runs: banks going out of business & Americans losing their life savings EFFECTS OF GREAT DEPRESSION: Unemployment & homelessness caused by business failures Children “riding the rods” and jumping on trainings & leaving home Men leaving their families & becoming hobos Hoovervilles (areas of town where homeless lived) were created due to so many people losing homes in foreclosures President Hoover VS President Roosevelt: Hoover didnt do enough to help the economy - believed in Laissez Faire govt & thought economy would fix itself. Govt does NOT need to intervene FDR wanted the government to take on a larger role & intervene to fix the economy & looking after the welfare of its citizens Hoover’s Accomplishments: Standardization of Parts: Increased production by making everything standard sizes (canned goods, loaf of bread, etc) so its easier and faster to produce & sell Reconstruction Finance Corporation RFC: gave loans to bug businesses like banks railroad companies, etc in hopes that the economy would get better (it didnt work - too little too late & was not direct relief to struggling Americans) President Roosevelt (FDR) Accomplishments: Believed govt should take care of its citizens & intervene in order to fix economy Created NEW DEAL - which promised to help Americans get back on their feet. *New Deal increased the size and role of the federal govt. *Govt now is responsible for protecting & stabilizing the the economy *First time government made a direct impact in the everyday lives of Americans (by providing money or jobs & taking care of their welfare New Deal Agencies: Public Works Administration: created federal jobs by building public projects, such as public schools and roads Works Progress Administration: created jobs by hiring artists, writers, and musicians. Civilian Conservation Corps: Created jobs by hiring men to plant trees *all three of these (PWA, WPA, & CCC) gave jobs to people & reduced unemployment* Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation FDIC: Agency which guarantees your bank deposits (deposit insurance) so you don’t lose your money if a bank fails Federal Housing Administration: Agency which made it easier for Americans to get mortgage loans to buy a house from the bank Tennessee Valley Authority: govt owned power plant which gave jobs Americans & improved their quality of life by providing electricity to 7 states Social Security Administration: provides benefits to seniors over the age of 62 People Against New Deal Programs: Critics argued that the New Deal programs gave the federal government & the executive branch (President) too much power (like a king or dictator) Supreme Court declared some programs unconstitutional because they felt that his programs infringed on (stepped on or violated) rights that belong to the states Court-Packing: In the court-packing plan, Pres. Franklin Roosevelt tried to tip the Supreme Court in his favor by adding more Supreme Court justices (judges) to the bench that he would select & they would rule in favor of his programs. *The court packing plan was denied because it would give the executive branch - the President - too much power* DUST BOWL: dust storms in the Great Plains area of United States caused by: 1. Poor farming practices 2. Drought 3. High winds “Migrant Mother” Photo taken by Dorothea Lange Photo showed the suffering experienced by Americans during Great Depression Eleanor Roosevelt: First Lady Wife of President Roosevelt (FDR) - she was loved by all Americans & the world because she was a political activist who spoke out strongly for the poor, women’s rights, and peace.
