Readings in Philippine History
The course analyzes Philippine history from multiple perspectives through the lens of selected primary
sources coming from various disciplines and of different genres. Students are given opportunities to
analyze the author’s background and main arguments, compare different point of view, identity biases
and examine the evidences presented in the document. The discussions will tackle traditional topics in
history and other interdisciplinary themes that will deepen and broaden their understanding of
Philippine political, economic, cultural, social, scientific and religious history. Priority is given to primary
materials that could help students develop their analytical and communication skills. The end goal is to
develop the historical and critical consciousness of the students so that they will become versatile,
articulate, broad-minded, morally upright and responsible citizens.
Agrarian Reform
This aims to provide changes and reconstructing the whole system of agriculture.
Dr. Jose P. Rizal He was known as a patriot, physician and man of letters who served as an inspiration to
the Philippine Nationalist movement. His work El filibusterismo and Noli Me Tangere are his ways to
promote nonviolent resistance to the Spaniards.
Mindanao
The Philippines has two lines of recorded advancement. The primary line, which is the
more established, came to create in ________ and Sulu. Furthermore, this alludes to the Muslim line of
chronicled improvement.
Epifanio de los Santos The acronym EDSA stands for _________________________________.
Apolonio Samson
On August 26th, a big meeting was held in Balintawak, at the house of
__________, then Cabeza of that barrio of Caloocan.
Mazava Sailing southwards along the coast of that large island of Seilani, they turned southwest to a
small island called _______.
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______ percent of fish and sardines are to a great extent taken from the Sulu Sea.
Article IX
Article ____ stated, "All these shall be beaten for two days: who sing while traveling by
night; kill the Manaul; tear the documents belonging to the headmen; are malicious liars; or who mock
the dead".
500
The Philippine Muslims was at one time a prevailing gathering in the nation. They have _______
year's political history, so far the longest political experience contrasted with different gatherings in the
entire Philippines.
Cold War
With the finish of the_______, the global group saw new patterns and dangers to
security that required less military power.
Cotabato
The ________ had been the seat of the Maguindanao sultanate.
Article XIII
Article ____ stated, "All these shall be exposed to ants for half a day: who kill black cats
during a new moon; or steal anything from the chiefs or agorangs, however small the object may be.
Spain La Solidaridad is also published in ________, as a representation and eye opener to his fellow
Filipino.
Arcticle VIII
Article ____ stated, "Slavery for a doam (a certain period of time) shall be suffered by
those who steal away the women of the headmen; by him who keep ill-tempered dogs that bite the
headmen; by him who burns the fields of another".
October 16, 1907
The First Philippine Assembly, was organized on __________________, this
assembly was composed of educated Filipinos from well-known clans such as Osmena and Quezon, they
strengthened the issues of direct independence for the Filipinos and this was stated by sending political
missions to the United States Congress.
National Library _________ is collection of all productions in the nation and from abroad; disperses
learning by serving the perusing open.
External Criticism
1932
Sometimes called as "lower criticism"
________ a national lottery was established to create more revenue for the government.
Butuan ________ has long been believed as the site of the first mass.
Andres Bonifacio
_________ asked the people to give a pledge that they were to revolt.
November 1, 1897
The Constitution of the Biak-na-Bato was promulgated by the Philippine
Revolutionary Government on___________________.
April 8 1521
The expedition's arrival and celebration of Mass on_________.
Martyrdom
_____________ is widely accepted as the dawn of the Philippine Nationalism in the
nineteenth century, with Rizal dedicating his second novel, El Filibustersimo, to their memory.
Rizal's name
The password that Katipunero used.
30 December 1896
execution, ________.
The First was published in La Voz Espanola and Diario de Manila on the Day of
Ateneo Municipal de Manila
___________________.
Antonio Luna earned a degree in Bachelor of Arts from
Guam Melchora Aquino was captured and exiled in _______ for helping the kapituneros.
April 4 Magellan leave Mazaua, bound for Cebu on Thursday __________.
1903 Homested program
The program permits a tenant to enter into a farming business by
attaining a farm by a given number of hectares but it was only limited to Northern Luzon and Mindanao,
where colonial diffusion had been tough for Americans, a problem they innate from the Spaniards. This
was called as ________________.
Tinikling
This type of national dance with a couple of artists bouncing between two bamboo
posts held simply over the ground and struck together.
Guerrero
According to___________, "Encarnacion and Villegas all these places are in Balintawak,
then part of Caloocan, now, in Quezon City. As for the dates, Bonifacio and his troops may have been
moving from one place to another to avoid being located by the Spanish government, which could
explain why there are several accounts of the Cry".
Corazon Aquino The symbol of the restoration of democracy and the takeover of the Marcos
Dictatorship in 1956.
Mindanao and Sulu
The first country of the Philippine Muslims.
Literature
Writings that describe occasions, thoughts and feeling utilizing uncommon expressive
implies in a particular frame and has lasting and more extensive intrigue and incentive to others, for
example, verse, stories, books, expositions, account, annals, letters, engravings, and so forth. Dialect is
the medium of articulation utilizing different abstract systems that create inside its artistic, social and
chronicled custom. Writing can likewise be oral like stories, fantasies, enigmas, sayings, serenades,
summons, mantras, enchantment spells, and so forth.
Senior Maure
The assistant of the Plaza, the Assistant ___________, asked Rizal if he wanted anything.
Proclamation 1081
Martial Law is also known as the ____________ declared by the late President
Ferdinand E. Marcos that lasted from 1972 to 1985.
Sa Aking Mga Kababata Dr. Jose P. Rizal wrote this poem when he was eight years old and it is Rizal's
one of the most prominent works.
Antonio Luna Aside from war, politics and chemistry he also opened a fencing club in Manila. He
promoted fencing as a sport and a hobby during his time.
Cedula Year 1884, the payment of tribute was put to a stop and was replaced by a poll tax collected
through a certificate of identification called the _________ personal.
Article XVII
Article ____ stated, "These shall be killed: who profane sites where idols are kept, and
sites where are buried the sacred things of their diwatas and headmen. He who performs his necessities
in those places shall be burned".
Nobody According to Corazon Aquino's Speech she said, "The dictator had called him a__________. Yet,
two million people threw aside their passivity and fear and escorted him to his grave".
Manuel Roxas He was the first president of the Independent Philippine Republic
Leyte
Ceylon was the island of _______.
Iranun These individuals have possessed the region flanking between Lanao del Sur and Maguindanao
territory.
Dance Movement of the feet, arms and the entire body musically particularly to music. A few moves
and tunes are performed without melodic backup or a capella. Other than those specified before in the
visual expressions, the components of shape one of a kind to move are: body developments, motion,
and outward appearances, including outfit, organize setting, the sort of backup and social setting or
circumstance or events for exhibitions.
Globalization The idea that societies around the globe are ending up increasingly coordinated and
share various commonalties regardless of restricted articulations and signs.
Males _________ were required to provide labor for 40 days a year (reduce to 15 days a year in 1884)
La Solidaridad The name of the newspaper whom Rizal, Del Pilar, Luna and others used to disseminate
how the Spaniards oppressed Filipinos.
William H. Taft When we are placed under military government until 1901 he became the first civil
governor, he was also the 27th president of the United States and the chosen successor of President
Theodore Roosevelt.
Spanish The Central ____________ government introduced an educational decree fusing sectarian
school run by the friars into a school called the Philippine Institute.
Tobacco
1882.
Zinc
The biggest of the state monopolies was__________, which began in 1781 and halted
Zamboanga del Sur has gold, silver, lead, ______store.
Article I Article ____ stated, "You shall not kill, neither shall you steal, neither shall you do harm to the
aged, lest you incur the danger of death. All those who infringe this order shall be condemned to death
by being drowned in the river, or in boiling water".
Barsoain Church, Malolos, Bulacan
The place where President Aguinaldo assembled the
Revolutionary Congress on September 15, 1898.
Supreme Council of Grace and Justice This type of constitution gives the authority to make decisions
and sustain or disprove the sentences rendered by the other courts and to dictate rules for the
administration of justice.
National Historical Commission __________ is vault and caretaker of recorded reports, distributions,
and authentic antiquities; recognizes huge chronicled figures, occasions, places; responsible for setting
up and discussion of verifiable creators, landmarks, heraldry and other chronicled curios.
Historical resources
Historian's most important research tools are ___________.
Claro M. Recto He was the president of the constitutional Convention in 1934 and he presided the
opening session where they started the writing of the Philippine Constitution.
March 16, 1521 On the ___________, as they sailed in a westerly course from Ladrones, as they saw
land towards the northwest; but owing to many shallow places they did not approach it.
Commonwealth The 1935 constitution that govern the country is also called as the __________
constitution.
Ferdinand Magellan
He was the Portuguese explorer to circumnavigate the globe. In 1519.
Spanish The first 1897constitution of the Biak-na-Bato was written in what language?
Manuel L. Quezon
Federalista
The chosen President of the Commonwealth government.
The Progresista Party also known as __________ Party.
Mariano Gomez, Jacinto Zamora and Jose Burgos
GOMBURZA stands for _______________.
500 members How many members of Katipunan went to the first place on August 22, 1896, at the
house and yard of Apolonio Samson.
House of Representatives
The only branch of the government which can initiate the impeachment
of the president, members of the Supreme Court, and other constitutionally protected government
officials such as the ombudsman is the __________________.
Magdalena Leones
She was one of the lesser-known World War II veterans. She was known as the
only Asian woman to have been awarded the Silver Star Wolrd War by the United States.
Zubu
Magellan called Cebu ______.
Noli me Tangere
Dr. Jose Rizal wrote this novel to expose evils of Spanish rule in the Philippines.
1984 According to Corazon Aquino's Speech she said," I held out for participation in the ________
election the dictatorship called, even if I knew it would be rigged. I was warned by the lawyers of the
opposition, that I ran the grave risk of legitimizing the foregone results of elections that were clearly
going to be fraudulent".
Rajah Bendahara Kalantiaw
He is a mythical character who make the main lawful code in the
Philippinesand it is said to be "The Code of Kalantiaw". In the Island of Negros he was the Chief.
Andres Bonifacio
President Supremo.
He was one of the chief officers of Katipunan in 1895 and known as the
Sinicization
Since the extension of the Chinese individuals in the Han administration, Chinese
individuals have selected down into Southeast Asia and added to the shocking changes of local
Southeast Asian societies and the Philippine archipelago from the most recent hundred years BC to the
present.
Urbana __________ is a tax on the annual rental value of an urban real estate.
Industria
__________ is a tax on salaries, dividends, and profits.
Con-Con
In this method of changing the constitution happens when the congress needs upon a
vote of two thirds of all its member and will file for a constitutional convention.
External Criticism
Is the practice of verifying the authenticity of evidence by examining its physical
characteristics; consistency with the historical characteristics of the time when it was produced: and
materials used for evidence.
Cedula or Tax Prominent Filipino Historian Teodoro Agoncillo emphasizes the event when Bonifacio
tore the ___________________receipt before the katipuneros who also did the same.
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The Mindanao State University is situated at Lanao's capital, Marawi City. Most pioneers in
Mindanao are in certainty results of the MSU. ______ % of its best teachers are Christians Filipinos
Article IV
Article ____ stated, "Observe and obey; let no one disturb the quiet of the graves. When
passing by the caves and trees where they are, give respect to them. He who does not observe this shall
be killed by ants, or beaten to death with thorns".
August 23, 1896
___________.
Rizal wrote in his Memoirs of the Revolution that it happened at Pugadlawin on
Maranao
The _________ are gathered in Lanao region. They involve the most vital place in
Mindanao attributable to their entrance to Iligan narrows in the north and Illana cove in the south.
Jose P. Rizal
____________ is well-known as a hero of the revolution for his writing that center on
ending colonialism and liberating Filipino minds to contribute to creating the Filipino nation.
Internal Criticism
Looks within the data itself to try to determine truth--facts and "reasonable"
interpretation. It includes looking at the apparent or possible motives of the person providing the data.
Museum Pambata
_______ is advances workmanship and culture among youngsters through
displays, addresses, workshops, gatherings on Philippine culture and different nations.
2
_____ % tax on entities with annual sales receipts of less than 5,200,000;6 their original state,
price regulated petroleum products and fertilizers.
Melchora Aquino
She was called as the Mother of the Revolution. She took care, provided food,
and nurses the wounded Katipuneros in 1896.
Igorots This tribes are known to be rice-cultivators. They contain numerous clans that live in the
Cordillera mountain ranges.
Political Caricature
It is also known as Editorial Cartoon that contain a commentary that express the
artist opinion toward certain issues.
Manuel L. Quezon
He was known as the father of the commonwealth.
Sama The ________ individuals have one dialect with numerous variety, for example, the vernacular
of the Jama Mapun, and the Bangingi.
Unitary The current system of the Philippines is in the form of ________________.
Malong And Abaya
The whole regions of Lanao Del Sur, especially at the region of the lake are
untouchable to outcasts. The way of life of the general population are in their conventional clothing, the
_______ and the_______.
Jones Law
In 1916, the US Congress passed the Philippine Autonomy Act, otherwise called the
_________, giving the Philippines extensive home run and guaranteed freedom after the establishment
of a steady government.
National Achieve
__________ storehouse and overseer of all reports and other authentic
materials, and attempts their discussion and reclamation.
People's Initiative
This method of changing the constitution happens when the amendments of
the constitution is proposed by the people upon a petition of at least 12% of Philippine registered voters.
August 26, 1896
Valenzuela's account should be read with caution: He once told a Spanish
investigator that the "Cry" happened in Balintawak on Wednesday ___________
7 days Magellan remained __________ on Mazaua Island.
Teresa Magbanua
She is known as the Visayan Joan of Arc. She joined the Katipunan's women
chapter in Panay. She fought against Spain, the United States, and Japan.
Article XI
Article ____ stated, "These shall be burned: who by their strength or cunning have
mocked at and escaped punishment or who have killed young boys; or try to steal away the women of
the elders".
To be a good man, a person should be a person of power and words.
written in the Katipunan Code of Conduct?
Which of the following is not
Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act 1913, the _____________________ was passed, resulting in a reduction
in the revenue of the government as export taxes levied on sugar, tobacco, hemp, and copra were lifted.
Federalism
This type of government is strongly supported by President Rodrigo RoaDuterte, where
in the concern of this government is to distribute wealth of the country and should not focus only on the
capital. It also states that the Philippines should share sovereignty and be divided into autonomous
regions. This type of government is called ___________.
Ethnic _________ is an Italian expression for country. An ethnic group might be characterized as inborn
gathering which has its own particular dialect, hold in like manner an arrangement of custom unique in
relation to others whom they are in contact.
July 7, 1892
Rizal's exile happened on ___________.
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Magellan's expedition sighted a high land named ZAMAL Island which was some ______ leagues
westward of Ladrones Island.
Government According to Corazon Aquino's Speech she said, "The__________ sought to break him
by indignities and terror".
July 2, 1892
La Liga Filipina was organized on __________.
Jose Montero y Vidal _____________, a Spanish historian who documented the Cavite Mutiny event
and his work centered on how the event was an attempt in overthrowing the Spanish Government in
the Philippines.
Senior del Fresno
The chief of firing squad who was assigned in Rizal's death row.
External Criticism
Applies "science to a document." It involves such physical and technical tests as
dating of paper a document is written on, but it also involves a knowledge of when certain things existed
or were possible, e.g. when zip codes were invented.*
National Defense Act The national assembly order its first law, which accommodated the foundation
of national resistance for the Philippines.
First Voyage Around The World Primo viaggiointorno al mondomeans ________.
Emilio Aguinaldo
______________ commissioned a "Himno de Balintawak" to inspire the
renewed struggle after the pact of the Biak-na-Bato failed.
Zubu
_________ was the port with the most trade.
Multi-culturalism and Pluralism This is an idea that progressive over many years of open discussion and
battle the world over. The ascent of unconventional developments in the recently made states after
World War II stay a standout amongst the most bothersome issues confronting the world. The goals of
ethnic, religious and racial minorities have been verbalized in the different UN organizations on culture
and training especially UNESCO.
Fr. Manuel Garcia
The primary source from Rizal's retraction translated from the document found
by_____________, C.M. on 18 may 1935
Secondary resources ________________ which were produced by an author who used primary
sources to produce the material. In other words, this are historical sources, which studied a certain
historical subject.
Lanao _________ is a land rich in writing. Darangan is a case of this. The presence of darangan
authenticates the level of human progress that the Maranao have accomplished at a certain point.
Gen Antonio Luna
He is known as the hot tempered general who fought against the United States
in the Spanish- American war.
Sinkil This dance took its name from the rings worn on the lower legs of a Muslim princess. This dance
relates the epic legend of the "Darangan" of the Maranao people of Mindanao.
Jose E. Marco In 1913, ____________ book "Las AntiguasLeyendas de la Isla de Negros" recognized the
code to historical fiction.
Constitutional According to Corazon Aquino's Speech she said," Now, we are restoring full
____________ government"
Antonio Pigafetta
He was a young Italian nobleman who had joined the expedition and a good
servant and assistant to Ferdinand Magellan during the expedition in Seville, Spain.
Books The following are classified as the Primary resources EXCEPT.
9°54'N It must be considered that in Albo's Version, the location of Mazava fits the location of the
island of Limasawa, at the southern tip of Leyte, _______.
Adat ________ is the whole of both pre-Islamic culture and the philosophical understanding of the
Muslims on the lessons of Islam.
America
Cory Aquino ended her speech by thanking the __________ for serving as home to her
family and joined America in building the Philippines as a new home for democracy.
Butuan _____________ is riverine settlement.
Primary sources ______________ are usually defined as first-hand information or data that is generated
by witnesses or participants in past events.
Ninoy Aquino
freedom.
_____________________ became the pleasing sacrifice that answered their prayers for
White triangle This symbol in the Philippine flag represents the distinctive symbol of Katipunan Society,
which by means of its compact of blood urged on the masses of the people to insurrection.
Maragtas
The Code of Kalantiaw is said to be a mythical authentic code in the acclaimed epic story
of____________.
External Criticism
Form and appearance and more particularly to question of authorship and
textual circumstances such as time, place and purpose.
1988
The VAT laws was signed in 1986 and put to effect in__________.
NARRA This improved the government's relocation program and dissemination of agricultural lands to
landless tenants and agrarians during the time of President Quirino.
Age of Exploration
___________ is a period of competition among European rulers to conquer and
colonize land outside their original territory.
Internal Criticism
Sometimes called as "higher criticism"
Emilio Aguinaldo
In 1896 he became the mayor of Cavite Viejo and was declared as the first
president of the Philippines.
February 14, 1897
Few months after execution _________ from anonymous writer but later on
revealed to be Fr. Vicente Balaguer.
Bayani Their outfits were red masks with white triangles and with maroon sash.
Commission on Higher Education
________ is directs the instructing of Philippine culture in the
schools and colleges, preparing of educators.
Supreme Council
This organ of the constitution was headed by the president and has four
department secretaries, this give the power such as: interior, foreign affairs, treasury, and war.
10,000 Income tax rates were increased in 1936, adding a surtax rate on individual net income in excess
of __________ pesos.
March 14, 1947 One of the most noteworthy of these bargain in the Philippine-American MBA which
marked on __________, just months after the affirmation of Philippine autonomy by the US.
Mactan Magellan died in __________.
Andres Bonifacio
The Filipino revolutionary hero who founded the Kataastaasang
Kagalangalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK). He was known as the first one who has a
clear vision of what a Filipino nation should be.
Article V
Article ____ stated, "You shall obey; he who exchanges for food, let it be always done in
accordance with his word. He who does not comply, shall be beaten for one hour, he who repeats the
offense shall be exposed for one day among ants".
Cry of Rebellion The phrase "El Grito de Rebelion" means ____________.
August 30, 1951
To complement and further strengthen the 1947 MBA, the Philippines and the
US concludes a MDT on _________.
Abraham Lincoln
In Corazon Aquino's speech she quoted, "Like_______________, I understand
that force may be necessary before mercy. Like Lincoln, I don't relish it. Yet, I will do whatever it takes to
defend the integrity and freedom of my country".
Pigafetta's journal
World?
What was the first voyage according to Cachey Jr's The First Voyage around the
Information visited by or experienced by a traveler
travelogue?
Based on the text you have read what is a
Historia History came from the Greek word ________ which means to search, look into.
Legends and Arts
________, EXCEPT.
The history or story of a society or group of people is rooted from their
Secondary Sources
Are historical sources, which studied a certain historical subject.
June 12, 1898 The Philippine declaration was proclaimed on ___________________ at the Cavite el
Viejo.
History _________ is a brief summary or result based on a factual research and it also deals with the
sequence of important events that is stated in the history.
Islas de los Ladrones
The "Island of thieves" is also called as ____________________.
Primary Sources
Are characterized not by their format but rather by the information they convey
and their relationship to the research question. They include letters, diaries, journals, newspapers,
photographs, and other immediate accounts. The interpretation and evaluation of these sources
becomes the basis for research.
Manga Aral Nang Katipunan
Museong Pambata
while playing.
The original title of Kartilya ng Katipunan was ___________.
This museum features hands-on experience that encourage children to explore
Anak ng Bayan What was the password used for the codes of "Katipon"?
Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Bataan, Laguna and Batangas The eight raises of the
sun the Philippine flag symbolizes the 8 provinces of:
DEMOCRACY Wherever Corazon Aquino went in the campaign, slum area or impoverished village.
They came to her with one cry,______________.
President Reagan
When Pres. Corazon Aquino met with________________, they began an
important dialogue about cooperation and the strengthening of friendship between our two countries.
Alfred McCoy
The author of Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American Era (1900-1941).