Chapter 5 Questions
Sensory Memory – Sperling Experiment
What were the results for whole report? 4.5/12 letters recalled (33%)
What were the results for partial report? 3.3/4letters recalled (82%)
What is the effect of delaying the tone by 1 second?
After a one second delay participants were only able to report 1 letter per row
Why does this occur?
As the delay increases from 100 to 1000 ms, our sensory memory loses it’s ability
to recall the correct information.
What does Sperling’s Experiment tell us about sensory memory?
Sensory memory can register a large amount of info, but only for a very brief
amount of time
Short Term Memory
Phonological Coding
The most common type of coding for Short-Term Memory is Phonological coding
Conrad’s Study: subjects saw “Q” what letter might they get it confused with?
K
Visual Coding
What is a radical, a radical is a “drawing” that has no sound associated with it? What is a
character a character is a group of radicles put together that make a sound?
Why do subjects remember more characters vs. radicals?
Subjects were able to recall more characters because they had a sound associated with
them phonological coding
Semantic Coding
What is proactive interference? Give a real-life example.
DEF: Information learned previously interferes with learning of new information.
Eg: using a new style of keyboard after using a certain type for a while, or after a farmers
market re organizes their shelves going to the old spot.
Digit Span
How many digits can be retained in STM?
5-9
How can you increase STM capacity?
Chunking
What is the duration of STM?
Decays within 18 seconds
What is the reason for decrease in memory when recall is delayed?
Decrease in STM after delay due to interference not decay
Fill In The Blanks Review For Test 2
1. Type of sensory memory involved in talking on the phone.
Echoic
2. Articulatory suppression affects this aspect of working memory
Phonological loop
3. This finding suggests it’s a good idea to review your notes right before the test.
Recency effect
4. Chefs can remember a list of food ingredients better than me.
Chunking
5. Having many friends hinders my ability to learn the names of new people.
Proactive interference
6. Duration of short-term memory when you can’t rehearse the information.
15-20 seconds
7. Difficulty remembering “fake, take, bake, lake”.
Phonological similarity effect
8. This structural component holds lots of detail, but only for a moment.
Sensory memory
9. Why I have difficulty remembering the long names of Russian hockey players.
Word length effect
10. Students often remember best the material from the first 10 minutes of class.
Primacy effect
11. Keep information in working memory by repeating it several times.
rehearsal
12. Why singing a song while studying is a bad idea.
Articulatory suppression
13. Method for testing the cocktail party effect
Dichotic Listening task
14. Model in which filtering occurs after all meaning is processed
Late Selection models
15. This type of task load explains early selection models of attention
High task loads
16. Difficulty in detecting changes in a scene
Change Detection
17. Contains stored words, each word has a threshold of activation
Dictionary Unit
18. This theory of attention can’t account for the findings of the “Own Name” experiment
Broadbent’s filter theory
19. Type of attention when driving and using a cell phone
Divided attention
20. This component allows both attended and unattended stimuli to reach the dictionary unit.
Attenuator