CHAPTER
3
METHODOLOGY
Contents of This Presentation
Chapter 3: Parts of a Research Paper
•
Research Design
•
Sources of Data

Locale and Population

Instrumentation and data Collection

Validation
•
Data Analysis
•
Ethical Considerations
Members:
Eloise Ann Fillado
Christian Joel Gonzales
Ernest Therese Ganuelas
Andrei Fernandez
Crystal Kate Flores
Jensen Darren Duran
Jeramil Gallardo
Ronalyn Herreria
Lean Mila
Joshua Diesta
Research
Design
●
Research design is the framework for research methods and
techniques chosen by a researcher. A blueprint to conduct a
research study, such as the data collection and analysis for
answering a specific research question or for testing research
hypotheses. According to Dr. Amadeo Cristobal, research design is
a very important aspect of research methodology.
Research Approach
Quantitative
Deals with numbers and
statistics
Qualitative
Mixed-methods
Deals with words and
meanings
Integrates aspects of both
Types of Research Design
Quantitative Research Design
Qualitative Research Design
Descriptive and Correlational
•Measure variables and describe
relationships between them
Case Studies
•choosing a subject (a specific
organization, event, place, etc) and
gathering detailed data on it
Experimental and Quasi-Experimental
•Test cause and effect relationships
Ethnographies
•gathering data about the culture of a
group or organization by immersing
yourself in the community
Source of
Data
According to its word source, it is the most important point of view, providing all vital
data and information. Data can be described as the quantitative or qualitative value in
study. data is the plural form of datum, which literally means to give or to share
something, and it is the lowest unit of information for which additional elements,
analyses and measurements can be made. It Depends on how it is created and
structured, data can be images, numbers, words, figures, facts, or ideas. Data is tough
to comprehend right away, and turning it into valuable knowledge will take additional
effort. To add to that, data is divided into two categories: primary and secondary data.
Primary data is data that has been obtained particularly for the purposes at hand,
making it more trustworthy, authentic, and objective. Secondary data, on the other
hand, is information that has already been gathered and is readily available from other
sources. Many sources, including literature, industry surveys, compilations from
computerized databases and information systems, and mathematical models of
environmental processes, can be used to gather this information.
Locale and
Population
Locale
Population
A locale discusses the study's location or
setting. It briefly describes the location of the
research. Only the most important features are
included. Included are references that are
relevant to the current study
A research population is generally a large
collection of individuals or objects that is
the primary focus of a scientific study
query. Research is carried out for the
benefit of the general public.
What is the importance of locale in research?
Knowing the target locale for your study is
crucial. This addresses and provides a concise
knowledge about the setting or location of where
the research is being conducted. It also helps
the researchers recognize the most appropriate
place for their study.
What is the importance of population in
research? It is important for researchers to
have a sample that is representative of the
target population in order to generalize
results from sample observations to the
target population.
Instrumentation and
Data Collection
•
Instrumentation refers to the selection or development and the later use of
tools to make observations about variables in a research study. The
observations are collected, recorded, and used as primary data. “Datacollection instruments” means tests, questionnaires, inventories, interview
schedules or guides, rating scales, and survey plans or any other forms which
are used to collect information on substantially identical items from 10 or more
respondents.
Validation
•
•
It relates to the extent to which the survey
measures the right elements that need to be
measured. In simple terms,
validity/validation refers to how well an
instrument measures what it is intended to
measure. Reliability alone is not enough,
measures need to be reliable, as well as,
valid.
Example, a survey designed to explore
depression but which measures anxiety,
would not be considered valid.
Data Analysis
Data Analysis in Qualitative research is
defined as the process of systematically
searching and arranging interview transcripts,
manuscript observation notes or the non
textual materials that researchers accumulate
to increase the understanding of the
phenomenon.
Ethical
Considerations
• Ethical considerations in research are a set of principles that guide your research designs and practices.
•
•
These principles include voluntary participation, informed consent, anonymity, confidentiality, potential for
harm, and results communication.
Scientists and researchers must always adhere to a certain code of conduct when collecting data from
others.
These considerations protect the rights of research participants, enhance research validity, and maintain
scientific integrity.
 Importance of Ethics in Research Ethics is important in research because it keeps the
researcher from committing errors while seeking knowledge and truth. It promotes essential
values that help researchers working on a topic to have a common understanding of how
things should go about. • Since research may involve experts coming from different fields of
expertise, ethics binds them together by considering the important values such as
accountability, cooperation, coordination, mutual respect, and fairness among others.
Ethical considerations in research are a set of
principles that guide your research designs
and practices. These principles include
voluntary participation, informed consent,
anonymity, confidentiality, potential for harm,
and results communication.
END
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