Global warming: temperature fluctuations, blurring seasons, pollution
Urbanisation
Socio-cultural changes: diverse, multicultural, multi-religious, global exposure, online shopping, fashion trends
Social media and digital media; Increased environmental consciousness at all levels
Lifestyle: food, physical activity, stress, entertainment options, shopping malls, food delivery apps
• Rights awareness and activism
Listening L4.1 I.
1. Poverty and pollution
2. Yes, and they believe that change can happen only when everyone is part of the process.
II.
.
Pollution (household waste disposal, use of personal vehicles for travel, littering, use of nondecomposable plastic, planting trees)
.
Water scarcity (saving water, rain harvesting, planting trees)
.
Corruption (giving/taking bribes, following traffic rules, abiding by the law )
.
Child labour (awareness of how products consumed are manufactured, donate time/money, domestic
help, talk about free education and other beneficial government-aided schemes, report incidents)
.
Illiteracy (donate school supplies, volunteer, educate parents/guardians on the importance of education)
.
Gender bias (mindfulness of thoughts and actions, inclusive language, stereotyping, intervene if negative
conversations are observed)
.
Starvation and malnutrition due to poverty (conserving food, donating groceries/food, volunteer)
Some aspects which can help with all the issues listed above: developing and spreading awareness, being wellinformed about rights and responsibilities, and consciously taking steps to avoid adding to the problem/damage.
An important factor to remember when talking about social issues is that any contribution towards the
betterment, however small, is a step towards a positive change. The focus of the discussion should be on how an
individual can contribute towards this positive change.
L4.2 I. Pre-listening task: Encourage discussion and elicit responses.
1. Malala Yousafzai (Having received the prize at the age of 17, Yousafzai is the youngest Nobel laureate.)
II.
1. 15 years old
2. No
3. She became stronger than before. She wanted to forget about it and continue her life with greater courage
and more work.
4. A campaign for the right to education for girls
5. The love and concern of people who prayed for her, took care of her, and sent her cards and letters every
day.
6. By letting her follow her dreams
7. She was in a chemistry class in school studying about atoms.
8. She was surprised but she chose to finish her school day before meeting the press because the award was
given in recognition of her fight for children’s right to go to school.
9. An opportunity for every girl to get quality education by going to schools that have teachers, classrooms and
facilities such as science labs to help them discover their latent skills and talents.
10. Education helps you get an identity and makes you aware of basic human rights. It also helps you discover
yourself, your talents, skills, and how you can help your community and your society.
11. Encourage students to write on their own. In case students have trouble answering, some of these prompts
may be used: mentally strong, determined, optimistic, focussed in her fight for the right to education,
courageous, an inspiration to young people, positive change maker, and visionary leader.
III. 1. She is simple, humble, and has a sense of humour. While in some ways she is like any other teenager, her
courage, vision, and leadership are outstanding. Listening to the interview in the context of her being awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize created feelings of admiration and awe. Watching her interact with the interviewer, the way she
connected with the audience, and her rapport with her family make it possible to identify with her as a youngster
and relate to her as a person.
2. Two hundred pieces of iPad Air 2 and a step-stool. The former is a meaningful one to support her cause. With
over 100,000 educational apps, tens of thousands of textbooks, it is a very useful gift. The latter is just for fun.
3.
Her family
4. He appears overwhelmed with emotion, happiness and a sense of pride at his daughter’s achievements.
5. Yes, she met them before the interview as she mentioned that it was really fun dancing with them.
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6. The younger one, through his body language.
7. Sample answer: The tone and gestures of the interviewer are open and friendly putting the
guest/interviewee at ease. Malala’s simplicity, confidence and passion come across in her tone, expressions
and body language causing the interviewer to interact with her with genuine warmth and appreciation. The
audience response is positive as indicated by their laughter at appropriate moments.
IV. 1. Some of us would like to support your work. What are the ways in which we can do that?
2. Can you suggest how I can support children’s right to education in my own community?
L4.3 - II.
1. The lack of good teachers in places where they are needed the most.
2. 1999, in Delhi
3. Children will learn to do what they want to learn to do.
4. First, is an eight-year-old boy teaching a six-year-old girl how to browse. Second, children recorded their own
music and then played it back to each other. Third, some boys assembled a video camera and were trying to
take a photograph of a bumblebee.
5. Groups of children can learn to use computers and the internet on their own, irrespective of their background
and the learning environment.
6. By giving them a computer with a speech-to-text interface
7. Information Technology for International Development Journal
8. “A teacher that can be replaced by a machine should be.” & “If children have interest, then education
happens.”
9. “... children quickly learn to navigate the web and find things which interest them. And when you’ve got
interest, then you have education.”
10.
Sir Arthur C. Clarke was a science fiction writer, science writer, futurist, inventor, undersea explorer and
television series host. (Even if one hasn’t heard of Arthur C. Clarke, one can guess that he is an important
person, perhaps someone highly respected by the speaker.)
11.
A large amount of money was sanctioned to Newcastle University to improve schooling in India and the
university insisted that he works from Newcastle to avail the funds.
12.
Students can learn any subject of their interest on their own with the help of a computer and the
internet.
13.
To encourage students to work together and discuss with each other for effective learning
14.
Self-Organised Learning Environments
15.
Education is a self-organising system, where learning is an emergent phenomenon.
III.
2. The answer could be yes/no/maybe.
3. Yes. People’s participation can certainly bring about a positive change.
4. Yes. Students may be encouraged to support the answer with suitable examples and/or factual information.
6. Strong conviction and commitment to a cause; patience, perseverance and ceaseless effort; courage in the
face of odds and iron will.
IV. Visuals provide additional information and inputs thereby contributing to better comprehension.
Reading - R4.1 - I. 1. Not given 2. False (Textual clue: … collectively recorded ...) 3. True 4. False (Textual clue:
There is a dire necessity … increasing rate.) 5. True 6. True 7. True 8. Not given 9. False 10. Not given
II. 1. anguish 2. exponents 3. array 4. pre-emptive 5. extinct
III. 1. collective 2. mammoth 3. Create 4. substantial 5. support
R4.2 - I. 1. Not given 2. True 3. Not given 4. False 5. True
II.
1. Diversity is considered a valuable resource because it encourages innovation, creativity and empathy in ways
that homogeneous environments would not cater to.
2. The role of businesses in creating an inclusive and diverse environment in society is to employ people with
varied religious and political beliefs, education, socio-economic backgrounds, sexual orientations, cultures and
even disabilities.
3. One of the two innovations that is a product of diverse societies or cultures is the food we eat every day. The
second is musical genres, such as jazz, rock’n’roll or hip-hop.
4. Business firms and organisations can create a sense of belongingness among employees by challenging
assumptions, having open conversations on diversity, updating the corporate culture and giving space to varied
perspectives.
5. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that it is essential for the corporates to come together for building a
diverse, peaceful and tolerant society.
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