Name:
Biology
Date:
Period:
Role of Plants in The Water Cycle
1. The letters A through D in the cross section below represent four of the processes that are part
of the water cycle.
Identify and describe each lettered process shown in the diagram above.
Letter
Name of Process
Description
A
B
C
D
2. As water cycles through an ecosystem, which process returns it to the atmosphere?
(1) hydrolysis
(3) condensation
(2) transpiration
(4) cyclosis
3. Which processes are involved in the water cycle?
(1) respiration and photosynthesis, only
(2) transpiration and excretion, only
(3) respiration, photosynthesis, evaporation, and condensation, only
(4) respiration, photosynthesis, transpiration, excretion, evaporation, and condensation
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4. Which two life functions of animals help maintain the water cycle by recycling water back into
the environment?
(1) digestion and regulation
(3) respiration and excretion
(2) synthesis and locomotion
(4) reproduction and growth
5. In a plant, water that is eventually lost in transpiration follows which pathway?
(1) leaf phloem root root hair
(2) lenticel xylem root root hair
(3) root hair xylem leaf stomate
(4) stomate phloem stem lenticel
6. Which process is illustrated by the arrows in the diagram below?
(1) digestion
(2) reproduction
(3) transport
(4) synthesis
7. The diagram below includes a microscopic view of a portion of the lower surface of a leaf.
The regulatory function of the structures labeled X is most closely associated with
(1) auxin secretion
(3) vegetative propagation
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(2) transpiration
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(4) digestion
8. The diagram below represents a change in guard cells that open and close pores in a plant.
This change directly helps to
(1) increase heterotrophic nutrition
(2) absorb minerals
(3) regulate water loss
(4) reduce seed production
9. Processes involved in the water cycle are represented by letters in the diagram below.
In which group are these processes correctly identified?
(1)
(2)
A – deamination
A – transpiration
A – condensation
A – transpiration
B – transpiration
B – evaporation
B – precipitation
B – deamination
C – condensation
C – condensation
C – transpiration
C – condensation
D – evaporation
D – precipitation
D – evaporation
D – precipitation
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(3)
(4)
Base your answers to questions 10 through 13 on the information below and on your knowledge of
biology.
The Control of Transpiration
Plants normally lose water from openings (stomates) in their leaves. The water loss typically occurs
during daylight hours when plants are exposed to the Sun. This water loss, known as transpiration, is
both beneficial and harmful to plants.
Scientists believe wind and high temperatures increase the rate of transpiration, but the size of each
stomate opening can be regulated. Reducing the size of the openings during drought conditions may
help reduce the dehydration and wilting that would otherwise occur.
A leaf may lose more than its own weight in water each day. Transpiration also lowers the internal
temperature of the leaf as water evaporates. On hot days, temperatures in the leaves may be from 3°
to 15°C cooler than the outside air. With stomates open, vital gases may be exchanged between the
leaf tissues and the outside environment.
Researchers have also found many plants that use another response when leaf temperatures rise.
Special molecules known as heat shock proteins are produced by plant cells and help to hold
enzymes in their functional shapes.
10. State one way transpiration is beneficial to plants.
11. Identify two of the “vital gases” that are exchanged between leaf tissues and the outside
environment.
12. Identify the specific leaf structures that regulate the opening and closing of stomates.
13. Explain why it is important for plants to “hold enzymes in their functional shapes.”
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Base your answers to questions 14 through 17 on the passage below.
It's Not Just A Tree!
Let's give Earth a long-lasting gift by planting some trees! Trees not only beautify the environment,
but they also make important contributions to the ecosystem. Trees provide homes for a great variety
of organisms, provide needed gases, and protect the soil from erosion. Trees not only absorb water,
but they also release water into the environment. A single acre of maple trees puts 20,000 gallons of
water back into the air each day. In addition to these benefits, trees provide many food products such
as nuts, chocolate, cinnamon, and cola syrup.
A scientist researching an article on trees became aware of the "kinship of trees" in a forest when he
discovered that the removal of one tree will affect other trees. Studies show that when trees are
grown side by side, their roots are often joined by a fungus. If one young tree is in the shade, without
sufficient light, it will get needed nutrients from its neighbor through the fungus. In other words, a
forest is not simply a group of individual trees; it is a cooperative network of trees working together for
survival.
Scientists have also discovered a chemical communication link among trees. For example, when a
willow tree is attacked by webworms or tent caterpillars, it releases a chemical that alerts other trees.
These "alerted" trees will increase the production of tannin in their leaves, which makes the leaves
difficult for the webworms to digest.
Planting trees can make the surroundings more beautiful and more valuable and can make a
significant contribution to the environment for future generations.
14. Which processes are most directly involved when a single acre of maple trees contributes
20,000 gallons of water daily to Earth's atmosphere?
(1) transpiration and respiration
(2) hydrolysis and excretion
(3) photosynthesis and digestion
(4) deamination and condensation
15. Which statement about the release of chemicals by willow trees is correct?
(1) Willow trees secrete a chemical that kills all webworms.
(2) Willow trees secrete a chemical that prevents the metamorphosis of webworms.
(3) Willow trees are not known to use chemical messages in the control of insects.
(4) Willow trees produce certain chemicals in response to an attack by webworms.
16. Two abiotic factors needed by trees for survival are
(1) oxygen and tent caterpillars
(2) fungus and soil
(3) water and light
(4) carbon dioxide and other trees
17. Using one or more complete sentences, explain the meaning of the phrase "kinship of trees."
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