MARO I BSMT 1-D I THOU SHALT NOT STEAL I ETHICS
Based on: Fundamentals of Ethics by Jovito V. Cariño
Disclaimer: This is just a summary paper. You may use the book for further understanding of the chapter.
Ethics: An Introduction
CHAPTER 1
critical reflection on various life situations
used as a standard or tool to understand one's actions
ETHICS
needs action and theory
helps us understand and adapt to situations in our lives
ETHICS AND PHILOSOPHY
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Greece - the birthplace of philosophy
Greek wise men - were considered as the "first natural scientists"
PHILOSOPHER
CHARACTERISTICS
Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher
Thales of Melitus
Water
Student of Thales
Apeiron
Student of Anaximander
Air
Greek Philosopher
Nous or cosmic mind
Anaximander
Anaximenes
Anaxagoras
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Philo Sophia - love of wisdom; Pythagoras
PHILOSOPHER
Socrates
Plato (Student of Socrates)
Aristotle (Student of Plato)
ETHICS
MORALITY
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Ability to Think for Oneself = Expression of Freedom
Common: shared motivation to inquire and
understand the underlying principle of reality as
they know it
CHARACTERISTICS
5th century BC
First to be recognized for being the first to redirect the focus of
philosophy from the natural world to the human person
"Know yourself" "An unexamined life isn't worth living"
Dialogues - set of philosophic treatises written in conversational style
with Socrates as the leading mouthpiece
Nichomachean Ethics
“The Stagirite”, necessity of finding one’s purpose to achieve Eudaimonia
or happiness
Must exercise the virtue of phronesis (careful deliberation or prudence)
ETHICS AND MORALITY
emerges from our basic desire to make sense of complexities of human
condition
philosophical reflection on the realities of life for a fuller & more
meaningful human experience
attempt to confront the situation without making premature decisions
that might hinder the issue
determine rightness and wrongness through pre-ordained standards
(commandments, rules, or traditions commonly considered as
authoritative and unchangeable)
Moral Virtues
Conformity
Obedience
MARO I BSMT 1-D I THOU SHALT NOT STEAL I ETHICS
META-ETHICS AND NORMATIVE ETHICS
Simon Blackburn (2003)
 Ethics, A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press,2003
 Seven “threats to ethics”
META – ETHICS
NORMATIVE ETHICS
Study that deals with the question of whether or not ethics or ethical Concerns itself on the determination of the ethical quality of specific
theory exists
cases
Examines the validity of the standards that make a judgement right or Supplies questions that fuel the critical examinations or meta-ethics
wrong possible
Provides the clarification necessary for a more enriched treatment of Concerns itself with what theory is applicable in light of a given situation
normative ethics
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Questions given lecture period (1/15/19):
1. What is the foundation or source of Ethics?
2. How is ethics essential?
3. What is the universal truth?
“You cannot place a big letter T in truth but rather, a small t”
“Tell me a truth that I can agree on and we will call it the universal truth”
Truth is subjective