EXSC 520
CASE STUDY: ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE WITH REPEATED MEASURES TEMPLATE
I.
Analysis of Variance with Repeated Measures
Research question: “is there a statistically significant difference in the core body
temperature at minutes: 0, 15, and 30 while exercising in a hot environment?”
Assumptions Testing
1. Data level of measurement- what is the level of measurement for the data used in this
case study? The level of measurement used in this case study was ratio.
2. Would the amount of skewness and kurtosis in these affect the analysis? How do you
know? Give numerical values to support your conclusion. The skewness and kurtosis of
all variables from minutes 0 thru 30 of this study did not influence the analysis. This
was observed when I referred to Table 1. For minute 0, the skewness was calculated
to be .682/.687 = .993 and the kurtosis was -.1,171/1.334 = -.878. For minute 15, the
skewness was calculated to be -.060/.687 = -.087 and kurtosis was -.700/1.334= -.525.
Lastly, minute 30 had a skewness calculated to be .244/.687= ,355 and kurtosis was .556/1.334= -.417. We know this to be true due to the variables not satisfying the
limits of (+/- 1.96).
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Table 1. PASTE TABLE with skewness and kurtosis BELOW
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3. Was the assumption of normality met and how do you know? Yes. When I referred to
the Shapiro-Wilk segment of table 2, I observed that the normality was met for all
the variables as p > .05 for all of them. As “min 0” had a p= .115, “min 15” had a
p=.960, and “min 30” had a p=.926.
Table 2. PASTE Tests of NORMALITY table BELOW
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Figure 1. PASTE Histogram with normal curve for each variable BELOW
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Figure 2. PASTE Normal Q-Q Plot for each variable BELOW
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4. Were there any outliers; how do you know? No. There were no outliers for this study
as there were no data points found above or below the box and whiskers plots for
the variables.
Table 3. PASTE Box-and-Whiskers Plot for each variable BELOW
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Statistical Analysis
Table 4. PASTE Within-Subjects Factors table BELOW
Table 5. PASTE Descriptives table BELOW
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Table 6. PASTE Mauchly’s Test of Sphericity table BELOW
Table 7. PASTE Test of Within-Subjects Effects table BELOW
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Table 8. PASTE Tests of Between-Subjects Effects table BELOW
Table 9. PASTE Pairwise Comparisons table BELOW
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Figure 3. PASTE Profile Plots figure BELOW
Write-up (8 sentence maximum)
The write-up must include the following items:
1. What is the research question?
2. What is the mean and standard deviation for core body temperature at minute: 0, 15, and
30?
3. Was Mauchly’s test of Sphericity met? How do you know?
4. Was the ANOVA statistically significant? (Hint: look at Sig value in Between-Subjects
Effects table)
5. List all (if any) significant multiple comparisons
6. What do the statistical findings of these data suggest about the research question?
7. What are your thoughts on the finding of this analysis and what are the practical
application(s) of this finding?
The research question of this case study was, “is there a statistically significant difference
in the core body temperature at minutes: 0, 15, and 30 while exercising in a hot
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environment?”. Table 5 of this study showed that the mean and standard deviation of
minute 0 was 36.95 +/- .3951, minute 15 had a mean and standard deviation of 37.20 +/.5333, and minute 30 had a mean and standard deviation of 37.63 +/- .5498. For this study,
the Mauchly’s test of sphericity was not met due to the data being computed at p < 0 .05
with p= 0.036. The ANOVA was statistically significant because when the Maulchy’s test of
sphericity table was referenced, I observed that the Green-house Geisser value was .638
and p < .001. There were also no significant multiple comparisons for this study noted
however, it is worth mentioning that there was a significant difference between minute 0
and minute 30 which may potentially be attributed to the amount of time that had elapsed
while exercising in the hot environment. The statistical findings of the data overall showed
a level of very minimal to no significance for this study. The practical applications of this
study that I found when doing research included an article from Mayo Clinic that stated
that, “Exercising in hot weather puts extra stress on your body. If you don't take care when
exercising in the heat, you risk serious illness. Both the exercise itself and the air
temperature and humidity can increase your core body temperature.” These statements
implicate that the results of this study may be inaccurate. However, from the perspective of
this study, it may be as simple as the population sampled were all fit individuals or athletes
which historically are more conditioned than the average person.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/exercise/art-20048167
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