Aspe n I ca r u s
Re fe r e n ce Gu ide
I ca r u s Eva lu a t ion En gin e ( I EE) V8 .0
Ve r sion V8 .0
D e ce m be r 2 0 1 2
Generat ion No: 14 ( G14)
Chapt ers wit h “ G13” in t he foot er are new for t his edit ion. Chapt er generat ion num bers are also
indicat ed in t he Table of Cont ent s.
Copyright ( c) 2001- 2012 by Aspen Technology, I nc. All right s reserved.
Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or, Aspen Process Econom ic Analyzer, Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or,
AspenTech® , and t he aspen leaf logo are t radem arks or regist ered t radem arks of Aspen Technology,
I nc., Burlingt on, MA.
All ot her brand and product nam es are t radem arks or regist ered t radem arks of t heir respect ive
com panies.
This m anual is int ended as a guide t o using AspenTech’s soft ware. This docum ent at ion cont ains
AspenTech propriet ary and confident ial inform at ion and m ay not be disclosed, used, or copied wit hout
t he prior consent of AspenTech or as set fort h in t he applicable license agreem ent . Users are solely
responsible for t he proper use of t he soft ware and t he applicat ion of t he result s obt ained.
Alt hough AspenTech has t est ed t he soft ware and reviewed t he docum ent at ion, t he sole warrant y for t he
soft ware m ay be found in t he applicable license agreem ent bet ween AspenTech and t he user.
ASPEN TECH M AKES N O W ARRAN TY OR REPRESEN TATI ON , EI TH ER EXPRESSED OR I M PLI ED ,
W I TH RESPECT TO TH I S D OCUM EN TATI ON , I TS QUALI TY, PERFORM AN CE,
M ERCH AN TABI LI TY, OR FI TN ESS FOR A PARTI CULAR PURPOSE.
Aspen Technology, I nc.
Burlingt on, MA 02141- 2201
USA
Phone: 781- 221- 6400
Toll Free: (888) 996-7100
Websit e ht t p: / / www.aspent ech.com
Pr e fa ce
Aspen Technology’s I carus Office develops and provides knowledge- based
process evaluat ion t echnology, soft ware, and services.
I carus syst em s are based on a core design, est im at ing, scheduling, and expert
syst em s t echnology. They aut om at ically develop prelim inary design- based
econom ic result s - early fr om m inim al scope, and refined designs and
econom ics lat er in t he pr oj ect . I carus syst em s are st rat egically locat ed and
linked int o t he pr oj ect knowledge st ream of concurrent design 0 aft er process
sim ulat ion and before det ailed design, CAD/ CAE, det ailed scheduling and
proj ect cont rol. This unique t echnology provides:
°
Key answers quickly
°
Dram at ic reduct ions in evaluat ion t im e and resources
°
The best , m ost econom ical process and plant design for funding/
bidding decisions and proj ect evaluat ion.
Aspen econom ic evaluat ion syst em s ( including Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or,
Aspen Process Econom ic Analyzer, and Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or) are in
daily use. These syst em s have becom e indust ry- st andard t ools and are used
by discerning proj ect evaluat ors in owner com panies and engineering design
and const ruct ion firm s in m ore t han 1,000 locat ions in over 30 count r ies.
Th e Te ch n ology Be h in d
I ca r u s Syst e m s
I carus syst em s are based on m at hem at ical m odeling t echnology w hich has
been developed, refined and used since I carus Corporat ion was founded in
1969. Aspen Technology purchased I carus Corporat ion in 2000.
St ored in I carus syst em s are design and cost m odels for:
°
Over 250 kinds of liquid, gas and solids handling and
processing equipm ent
°
Mor e t han 60 kinds of plant bulk it em s
°
Approxim at ely 70 kinds of sit e preparat ion work
°
Nearly a dozen t ypes of buildings.
I nst allat ion bulk m odels, used t o develop inst allat ion quant it ies and field
m anpow er and cost s t o inst all equipm ent and plant bulks, round out t he
“ bank” of design and cost m odels. To support t hese design and cost m odels,
I carus syst em s cont ain design pr ocedures and cost s dat a for hundreds of
t ypes of m at erials of const ruct ion for general pr ocess equipm ent , vessel shells
and int ernals, t ubing, cast ings, linings, packings, clad plat es, piping, st eel and
elect r ical bulks.
2
iii
Scope of D ocu m e n t
This docum ent is designed as a reference t ool for I carus’ proj ect evaluat ion
syst em s. The docum ent is best referenced when you have a quest ion about
syst em input .
H ow t o Use Th is D ocu m e n t
This docum ent uses generat ion num bers t o t rack t he hist ory of updat ed
inform at ion wit hin each chapt er. New versions of t his docum ent are assigned a
new generat ion num ber, which increm ent s by 1 ( for exam ple, G12) .
The purpose of t hese num bers is t o ensure you are looking at t he lat est
inform at ion. I f you have a previous version of t his docum ent , you can com pare
t he num bers t o confir m you have t he m ost up- t o- dat e inform at ion available.
Generat ion num bers ar e locat ed on every page in t he lower- inside corner as
well as in t he Table of Cont ent s. The generat ion num ber assigned t o t he lat est
version of t his docum ent is locat ed in t he Copyright page.
A N ot e t o I ca r u s Syst e m Use r s
Like I carus syst em s, t his docum ent was designed using your ideas and
suggest ions. Please cont act t he Aspen Technology I carus Office if you have any
quest ions or com m ent s regarding t his docum ent .
Re la t e d D ocu m e n t a t ion
I n addit ion t o t his reference m anual, AspenTech pr ovides t he following
docum ent at ion for Aspen Econom ic Evaluat ion V8.0.
iv
•
Aspen Econom ic Evaluat ion V8.0 Release Not es ( What ’s New, What ’s Fixed,
and Known I ssues)
•
Aspen Econom ic Evaluat ion V8.0 I nst allat ion Guide
•
Aspen Process Econom ic Analyzer V8.0 User Guide
•
Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or V8.0 User Guide
•
Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or V8.0 User Guide
•
I carus Technology Applicat ion Program m ing I nt erface
•
Manpower Product ivit y Expert User Guide
2
On lin e Te ch n ica l Su ppor t
Ce n t e r
AspenTech cust om ers wit h a valid license and soft ware m aint enance
agreem ent can regist er t o access t he Online Technical Support Cent er at :
ht t p: / / support .aspent ech.com
You use t he Online Technical Support Cent er t o:
•
Access current product docum ent at ion.
•
Search for t echnical t ips, solut ions, and fr equent ly asked quest ions ( FAQs) .
•
Search for and download applicat ion exam ples.
•
Search for and download service packs and product updat es.
•
Subm it and t rack t echnical issues.
•
Search for and review known lim it at ions.
•
Send suggest ions.
Regist ered users can also subscribe t o our Technical Support e- Bullet ins. These
e- Bullet ins proact ively alert you t o im port ant t echnical support inform at ion
such as:
•
Technical advisories.
•
Product updat es.
•
Service Pack announcem ent s.
•
Product release announcem ent s.
Ph on e a n d E- m a il
Cust om er support is also available by phone, fax, and e- m ail for cust om ers
who have a current support cont ract for t heir pr oduct ( s) . Toll- free charges are
list ed w here available; ot herw ise local and int ernat ional rat es apply.
For t he m ost up- t o- dat e phone list ings; please see t he Online Technical
Support Cent er at :
ht t p: / / support .aspent ech.com /
Suppor t Ce n t e r s
2
H our s of Ope r a t ion
Nort h Am erica
8: 00 - 20: 00 East ern t im e
Sout h Am erica
9: 00 - 17: 00 Local t im e
Europe
8: 30 - 18: 00 Cent ral europe t im e
Asia and Pacific Region
9: 00 - 17: 30 Local t im e
v
vi
2
Con t e n t s
( G1 1 )
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Technology Behind
I carus Syst em s . . . . . . . . . . .
Scope of Docum ent . . . . . . . . .
How t o Use This Docum ent . . . .
A Not e t o I carus Syst em Users .
Relat ed Docum ent at ion . . . . . .
Online Technical Support Cent er
Phone and E- m ail . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
iii
iv
iv
iv
iv
. v
. v
I n t r odu ct ion t o Pr oce ss Equ ipm e n t ( G6 )
I nt roduct ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Process Equipm ent Cat egories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of Process Equipm ent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
6
6
7
Agit a t or s ( G6 )
Agit at ors ( AG) . . . .
Agit at ed Tanks ( AT)
Blenders ( BL) . . . .
Kneaders ( K) . . . . .
Mixers ( MX) . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
8
25
28
29
Com pr e ssor s ( G6 )
1
Air Com pressors ( AC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Gas Com pressors ( GC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Fans, Blowers ( FN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
D r ive r s ( G1 1 )
Elect rical Mot ors ( MOT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Turbines ( TUR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
H e a t Tr a nsfe r ( G1 0 )
Heat Exchangers ( HE) . . . . . .
Reboilers ( RB) . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furnaces, Process Heat ers ( FU)
I carus Support ed TEMA Types .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Pa ck ing, Linings ( G6 )
I nt roduct ion t o Packing . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I nt roduct ion t o Lining . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Packing, Linings ( PAK, LI N) . . . . . . . . . .
Suggest ed Lining Difficult y Adj ust m ent s .
Cont e n t s ( G1 1 )
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
9
.
.
.
.
1
. 2
. 30
. 39
. 43
.
.
.
.
1
2
5
7
9
.
.
.
.
iii
Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
Cent rifugal Pum ps ( CP) . . . . . . . .
Gear Pum ps ( GP) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pist on, Ot her Posit ive Displacem ent
Pum p Efficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
Pum ps ( P)
. . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
19
21
26
Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
1
I nt roduct ion t o Towers and Colum ns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Double Diam et er Towers ( DDT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Single Diam et er Towers ( TW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Va cu u m Syst e m s ( G6 )
Condensers ( C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ej ect ors ( EJ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vacuum Pum ps ( VP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
2
3
7
Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
1
Horizont al Tanks ( HT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Vert ical Tanks ( VT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Cr ushe r s, M ills a nd St ock Tr e a t m e n t ( G6 )
Crushers ( CR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flakers ( FL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mills ( M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
St ock Treat m ent s ( ST) . . . . . . . . . . . .
D r yin g Syst e m s ( G6 )
Cryst allizers ( CRY) . . . . . . . . .
Evaporat ors ( E) . . . . . . . . . . .
Wiped Film Evaporat ors ( WFE)
Air Dryers ( AD) . . . . . . . . . . .
Dryers ( D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drum Dryers ( DD) . . . . . . . . .
Rot ary Dryers ( RD) . . . . . . . .
Tray Drying Syst em s ( TDS) . . .
Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
Conveyors ( CO) . . .
Cranes ( CE) . . . . .
Elevat ors, Lift s ( EL)
Feeders ( FE) . . . . .
Hoist s ( HO) . . . . . .
Scales ( S) . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
7
7
9
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
4
7
8
9
11
13
14
1
2
13
13
14
18
22
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
Cent rifuges ( CT) . . . . . . . .
Dust Collect ors ( DC) . . . . . .
Filt ers ( F) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Separat ion Equipm ent ( SE) .
Thickeners ( T) . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
. 2
. 6
. 11
. 26
. 29
iv
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Con t e nt s ( G1 1 )
Screens ( VS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Ut ilit y Se r vice Syst e m s ( G6 )
Cooling Towers ( CTW) . . . . . . . .
St eam Boilers ( STB) . . . . . . . . . .
Heat ing Unit s ( HU) . . . . . . . . . . .
Refrigerat ion Unit s ( RU) . . . . . . .
Elect rical Generat ors ( EG) . . . . . .
Wat er Treat m ent Syst em s ( WTS)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
4
5
6
7
8
Fla r e s a nd St a ck s ( G6 )
1
Flares ( FLR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
St acks ( STK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
I n t r odu ct ion t o Pla n t Bu lk s ( G6 )
I nt roduct ion t o Plant Bulks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of Plant Bulks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
2
2
Piping ( G1 0 )
Piping Plant Bulks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipe Diam et ers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
St andard Equat ions for Pipe Diam et er ( Old) . . . . . . . . .
St andard Equat ions for Pipe Diam et er ( New) . . . . . . . . .
Ut ilit y Piping Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ut ilit y St at ion Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Default Piping Mat erials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipe Mat erials - Ferrous Mat erials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipe Mat erials - Non- Ferrous Mat erials . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plast ic and Resin Mat erials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lined St eel Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I carus’ Pipe Fabricat ion, Erect ion and Test ing Procedures
Valve and Fit t ing Opt ions for I nst allat ion Bulk Piping . . .
Valve Trim Specificat ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
3
43
44
46
51
52
53
54
57
58
59
65
67
69
Civil ( G8 )
Civil Plant Bulks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foundat ion Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Typical St ruct ure Live Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Soil Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specifying Seism ic Dat a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specifying Wind Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How I carus Calculat es Wind Load and Seism ic Shear
Exam ple of Equipm ent Foundat ion Design . . . . . . . .
Exam ple of Pile Foundat ion for an Equipm ent . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
10
14
14
15
17
17
18
19
St e e l ( G6 )
St eel Plant Bulks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
2
I n st r u m e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
I nst rum ent at ion Plant Bulks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
2
Cont e n t s ( G1 1 )
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
v
Sensor Loop Descript ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Rem ot e Cont rol Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Transm it t er Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
Elect rical Plant Bulks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Schem at ic of Transm ission Line . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subst at ion Schem at ics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Elect rical & Cont rol Hook- Ups for Elect ric Mot ors
Power Dist ribut ion Net work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wire Sizes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
UK, EU, and JP Count ry Bases . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Elect rical Class/ Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I nt ernat ional Elect rical Code ( I EC) . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
22
23
24
27
28
28
29
30
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
4
4
5
15
Pa in t ( G6 )
I nt roduct ion t o Paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paint Plant Bulks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How I carus Syst em s Paint Equipm ent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
2
2
3
I n su la t ion a n d Fir e pr oofin g ( G8 )
I nsulat ion Plant Bulks . . . . . . . . . . . .
I nsulat ion Mat erials . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fireproofing Mat erials . . . . . . . . . . . .
I nsulat ion Schedules - Syst em Default
Cust om izing I nsulat ion Specificat ions .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
Tables
. . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
3
4
6
10
11
12
15
17
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
2
5
6
6
7
Quot e d Equipm e n t a nd Libr a r ie s ( G6 )
I nt roduct ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quot ed Equipm ent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
2
2
Sit e D e ve lopm e n t ( G6 )
I nt roduct ion t o Sit e Developm ent
Dem olit ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drainage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Eart hwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fencing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Landscaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Roads - Slabs - Paving . . . . . . . .
Piling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Railroads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Bu ildin gs ( G6 )
I nt roduct ion t o Buildings. . . . . . . . . . . .
Adding a Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building Types and Default s . . . . . . . . .
Default floor Height s/ Levels . . . . . . . . .
Building Const ruct ion Range Adj ust m ent
Calculat ing Building Cost s and Labor . . .
vi
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Con t e nt s ( G1 1 )
User Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M a t e r ia l Se le ct ions ( G1 0 )
ASME Design Code - Plat e Mat erials . . . . . . . . .
ASME Design Code - Clad Plat e Mat erials . . . . .
ASME Design Code - Tube Mat erials . . . . . . . . .
ASME Non- Ferrous Tube Mat erials . . . . . . . . . .
BS Design Code - Plat e Mat erials . . . . . . . . . . .
BS Ferrous Plat e Mat erials - Carbon St eel
. . .
BS Design Code - Clad Plat e Mat erials . . . . . . .
BS Design Code - Tube Mat erials . . . . . . . . . . .
JI S Design Code - Plat e Mat erials. . . . . . . . . . .
JI S Design Code - Tube Mat erials. . . . . . . . . . .
DI N Design Code - Plat e Mat erials . . . . . . . . . .
DI N Design Code - Tube Mat erials . . . . . . . . . .
EN 13445 Design Code - Plat e Mat erials . . . . . .
EN 13445 Design Code - Tube Mat erials . . . . . .
GB 150 Design Code - Plat e Mat erials. . . . . . . .
GB 150 Ferrous Plat e Mat erials - Low Alloy St eel
GB150 Ferrous Plat e Mat erials - High Alloy St eel
GB150 Design Code - Tube Mat erials . . . . . . . .
GB150 Ferrous Tube Mat erials - Low Alloy St eel
Lining Mat erials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cast ing Mat erials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Packing Mat erials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
3
10
11
14
15
15
22
23
27
35
39
47
51
56
61
62
63
64
65
67
70
72
Un it s of M e a su r e ( G6 )
I nt roduct ion t o Unit s of Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit s of Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Proj ect Specificat ions and t heir Use of Unit s of Measure . . . . . . . . .
1
2
4
8
Fie ld M a n pow e r Tit le s a n d W a ge Ra t e s ( G1 3 )
US Count ry Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
UK Count ry Base * * * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
JP Count ry Base. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EU Count ry Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ME Count ry Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
2
4
6
8
9
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
En gine e r in g ( G1 3 )
1
Design and Const ruct ion Engineering Disciplines and Wage Rat es . . 2
Engineering Expenses and I ndirect s ( Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or and
Aspen Process Econom ic Analyzer ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
St andard Engineering Drawing Types ( Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or and
Aspen Process Econom ic Analyzer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Con st r u ct ion Equ ipm e n t ( G4 )
I nt roduct ion t o Const ruct ion Equipm ent Rent al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Const ruct ion Equipm ent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
2
2
Cont e n t s ( G1 1 )
vii
Ba se I n dice s ( G1 3 )
Base I ndices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Code Accou n t s ( G1 0 )
I nt roduct ion t o Code Account s. .
I ndirect Codes and Descript ions.
Direct Codes and Descript ions . .
Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
.
.
.
.
1
. 2
. 6
. 8
. 10
D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
Sequence Num bers of At t ribut es in Relat ions . . . . . . . . . . . .
Relat ionship of Dat abase Relat ions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DETAI LS Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DESI GN Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REMARKS Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PROJDATA Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NEWCOA Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EQRENT Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CRWSCH Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CSTCTRL Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REPGRP Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CNTRCT Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMPONENT Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I NDI RECTS Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
K ( CUSSPC) - TABLE Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R- TABLE Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
QSUM Relat ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STORED REPORTS Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STORED QUERI ES Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CERATE Relat ion ( F- Table) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
T- Table Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U- Table Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V- Table Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
W- Table Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
X- Table Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Y- Table Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Z- Table Relat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or I ndirect Codes and Descript ions .
At t ribut e Descript ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
6
7
9
9
10
10
10
11
11
12
12
12
13
14
14
15
18
20
21
23
23
25
25
25
26
27
27
29
I ca r u s Te ch nology ( G1 0 )
I nt roduct ion t o Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Proj ect Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Equipm ent Fabricat e/ Ship I t em s . . . . . . . . . .
Barchart Report Form at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Process Cont rol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not es for Defining t he St andard Cont rol Cent er
Not es for Defining t he PLC Cont rol Cent er . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
9
10
11
13
23
26
viii
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Con t e nt s ( G1 1 )
Overview of Syst em I nput Specificat ions for Power Dist ribut ion .
Power Dist ribut ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Usage I nst ruct ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Report ing of Result s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Proj ect Definit ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cost Report ing: Currency and Syst em Base I ndices . . . . . . . . .
Const ruct ion Overhead - Prim e Cont ract or Basis . . . . . . . . . . .
Cont ract s: Descript ion/ Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
27
29
32
34
36
36
39
61
62
Re se r ve d ( G7 )
1
Glossa r y ( G5 )
1
Cont e n t s ( G1 1 )
ix
x
Con t e nt s ( G1 1 )
1 I n t r odu ct ion t o Pr oce ss
Equ ipm e n t
( G6 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
I nt roduct ion
Process Equipm ent Cat egories
List of Process Equipm ent
1 I n t r odu ct ion t o Pr oce ss Equ ipm e n t ( G6 )
1-5
I n t r odu ct ion
Chapt ers 2 t hrough 16 describe t he process equipm ent available in
I carus syst em s. The chapt ers are organized as t he equipm ent appears in
t he syst em s.
•
Liquid and gas equipm ent
•
Solids handling equipm ent
•
Off- sit e and packaged equipm ent
Pr oce ss Equ ipm e n t Ca t e gor ie s
I carus’ pr ocess equipm ent is divided int o t he following cat egories. Each
cat egory is assigned an it em sym bol for ident ificat ion purposes.
1-6
I tem
Sym bol
D e scr ipt ion
I tem
Sym bol
D e scr ipt ion
AC
Air Com pressor
HE
Heat Exchanger
AD
Air Dryer
HO
Hoist
AG
Agit at or
HT
Horizont al Tank
AT
Agit at ed Tanks
HU
Heat ing Unit
BL
Blender
K
Kneader
C
Condenser
LI N
Lining
CE
Crane
M
Mill
CO
Conveyor
MOT
Mot or/ Mot or Reducer
CP
Cent rifugal Pum p
MX
Mixer
CR
Crusher
P
Pum p
CRY
Cryst allizer
PAK
Packing
CT
Cent rifuge
R
React or
CTW
Cooling Tower
RB
Reboiler
D
Dryer
RD
Rot ary Drum
DC
Dust Collect or
RU
Refrigerat ion Unit
DD
Drum Dryer
S
Scale
DDT
Double Diam et er Tower
SE
Separat ion Equipm ent
E
Evaporat or
ST
St ock Treat m ent
EG
Elect ric Generat or
STB
St eam Boiler
EJ
Ej ect or
STK
St ack
EL
Elevat or
T
Thickener
F
Filt er
TDS
Tray Drying Syst em
FE
Feeder
TUR
Turbine
FL
Flaker
TW
Single Diam et er Tower
FLR
Flare
VP
Vacuum Pum p
FN
Fan
VS
Screen
FU
Furnace
VT
Vert ical Tank
1 I n t r oduct ion t o Pr oce ss Equ ipm e n t ( G6 )
I tem
Sym bol
D e scr ipt ion
I tem
Sym bol
GC
Gas Com pressor
WFE
Wiped Film Evaporat or
GP
Gear Pum p
WTS
Wat er Treat m ent Syst em
D e scr ipt ion
List of Pr oce ss Equ ipm e n t
The following is a list of process equipm ent by chapt er and cat egory. The
process equipm ent descript ions in chapt ers 2 t hrough 16 include som e of t he
ent ry fields for defining process equipm ent . The descript ions include t he
m inim um and m axim um values and t he default s. Default values appear
bet ween ast erisks ( * ) .
Ch a pt e r 2 : Agit a t or s
Agit a t or s ( AG)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
FI XED PROP
Fixed propeller gear m ot or t ype agit at or
PORT PROP
Port able propeller agit at or
DI RECT
Port able direct drive agit at or
GEAR DRI VE
Port able gear drive agit at or
MECH SEAL
Agit at or, m echanical seal, variable diam et er
ANCHOR
Fixed m ount , gear drive, anchor, st uffing box
PULP STOCK
Pulp st ock agit at or
ANCHOR REV
Sanit ary reversing anchor agit at or
COUNT ROT
Sanit ary count er- rot at ing agit at or
HI GH SHEAR
Sanit ary highshear hom ogenizing agit at or
SAN FI XED
Sanit ary fixed propeller/ t urbine m ixer
SAN PORT
Sanit ary port . propeller/ t urbine m ixer
Agit a t e d Ta n k s ( AT)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
MI XER
Agit at ed t ank - enclosed
REACTOR
Agit at ed t ank - enclosed, j acket ed
OPEN TOP
Agit at ed t ank - open t op
FLOAT CELL
Float at ion m achine
COND CELL
Float at ion condit ioning cell
MACH PULP
On m achine pulper
OFF MACH
Off m achine pulper
1 I n t r odu ct ion t o Pr oce ss Equ ipm e n t ( G6 )
1-7
Ble n de r s ( BL)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
BLENDER
Rot ary drum blender
ROTARY
Rot ary double- cone blender
KETTLE
Sanit ary ket t le blender wit hout agit at or
ROTARYBOWL
Sanit ary rot ary bowl blender
MSHELSTAG
Sanit ary m ult i- shell st aggered blender
Kn e a de r s ( K)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
STATI ONARY
St at ionary upright double- arm kneader
TI LTI NG
Tilt ing double- arm kneader
VAC TI LTI NG
Vacuum t ilt ing double- arm kneader
M ix e r s ( M X)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
EXTRUDER
Cylinder t ype ext ruder wit h variable drive
MULLER EXT
Muller t ype ext ruder m ixer
PAN
Pan m ixer
PORT PROP
Port able propeller m ixer
FI XED PROP
Fixed propeller gear m ot or t ype m ixer
SI GMA
Double- arm sigm a blade m ixer
SPI RAL RI B
Spiral ribbon m ixer
STATI C
St at ic m ixer
TWO ROLL
Two- roll m ixer
HI GH SPEED
Sanit ary high- speed Norm an- t ype m ixer
RI BBON
Sanit ary ribbon blender
PI STON HOM
Sanit ary pist on- t ype hom ogenizer
SHEAR HOM
Sanit ary shear pum p hom ogenizer
Ch a pt e r 3 :
Com pr e ssor s
Air Com pr e ssor s ( AC)
1-8
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
CENTRI F M
Cent rifugal air com pressor wit h m ot or
CENTRI F T
Cent rifugal air com pressor wit h t urbine
RECI P GAS
Reciprocat ing air com pressor wit h gas engine
RECI P MOTR
Reciprocat ing air com pressor wit h m ot or
SI NGLE 1 S
Single reciprocat ing air com pressor - 1 st age
SI NGLE 2 S
Single reciprocat ing air com pressor - 2 st age
1 I n t r oduct ion t o Pr oce ss Equ ipm e n t ( G6 )
Ga s Com pr e ssor s ( GC)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
CENTRI F
Cent rifugal com pressor - horizont al
CENTRI F I G
Cent rifugal - int egrat ed gear
RECI P GAS
Reciprocat ing com pressor - int egral gas engine
RECI P MOTR
Reciprocat ing com pressor
Fa ns, Blow e r s ( FN )
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
PROPELLER
Propeller fan
VANEAXI AL
Vaneaxial fan
CENTRI F
Cent rifugal fan
ROT BLOWER
General purpose blower
CENT TURBO
Heavy dut y, low noise blower
Ch a pt e r 4 : D r ive r s
Ele ct r ica l M ot or s ( M OT)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
OPEN
Open drip- proof induct ion m ot or
SYNCHRON
Synchronous m ot or
ENCLOSED
Tot ally enclosed induct ion m ot or
EXP PROOF
Explosion- proof ( Class I Division I , hazardous)
VARY SPEED
TEFC m ot or wit h variable speed drive
Tur bine s ( TUR)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
GAS
Gas t urbine wit h com bust ion cham ber
CONDENSI NG
St eam t urbine driver, condensing t ype
NON COND
St eam t urbine driver, non- condensing
Ch a pt e r 5 : H e a t Tr a n sfe r
H e a t Ex cha nge r s ( H E)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
FLOAT HEAD
Float ing head shell and t ube exchanger
FI XED T S
Fixed t ube sheet shell and t ube exchanger
AI R COOLER
Air cooling, free st anding or rack- m ount ed
U TUBE
U- t ube shell and t ube exchanger
1 I n t r odu ct ion t o Pr oce ss Equ ipm e n t ( G6 )
1-9
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
TEMA EXCH
Fixed t ube, float . head, or u- t ube exchanger
PRE ENGR
Pre- engineered ( st andard) U- t ube exchanger
CROSS BORE
Cross- bore ( all graphit e) heat exchanger
SHELL TUBE
Graphit e t ube/ CS shell heat exchanger
FI N TUBE
Finned double pipe heat exchanger
HEATER STM
Bare pipe im m ersion coil- heat ing/ cooling
SUC HEATER
Tank suct ion
HEATER ELC
Elect ric im m ersion t ank heat er
JACKETED
Double pipe heat exchanger
SPI RAL PLT
Spiral plat e heat exchanger
ONE SCREW
Therm ascrew ( Reit z) single screw conveyor
TWO SCREW
Twin screw agit at ed/ j acket ed heat exchanger
WASTE HEAT
Wast e heat boiler
PLAT FRAM
Plat e and fram e heat exchanger
CORRUGATED
Sanit ary double pipe exchanger
HOT WATER
Wat er heat er ( shell+ t ube - hot wat er set )
MULTI P F
Sanit ary m ult izone plat e+ fram e exchanger
STM HE MOD
Sanit ary direct st eam heat m odule
Re boile r s ( RB)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
KETTLE
Ket t le t ype reboiler wit h float ing head
U TUBE
U- t ube ket t le t ype reboiler
THERMOSI PH
Therm osiphon t ype reboiler
Fu r n a ce s, Pr oj e ct H e a t e r s ( FU)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
HEATER
A- fram e t ype process furnace
BOX
Box t ype process furnace
PYROLYSI S
Pyrolysis unit
REFORMER
Box t ype reform er, wit hout cat alyst
VERTI CAL
Vert ical cylindrical process furnace
Ch a pt e r 6 : Pa ck in g, Lin in gs
1-10
1 I n t r oduct ion t o Pr oce ss Equ ipm e n t ( G6 )
Pa ck ing, Linings ( PAK, LI N )
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
PACKI NG
Packing, variet y of vessel packings
ACI D BRI CK
Acid brick lining
MONOLI THI C
Cast able, refract ory or gunned m ix
OTHER
Lining - ot her t han acid brick, m onolit hic
Ch a pt e r 7 : Pu m ps
Ce n t r ifu ga l Pu m ps ( CP)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
API 610
API 610 pum p ( single or m ult i- st age)
ANSI
St andard ANSI single st age pum p
ANSI PLAST
Plast ic ANSI single st age pum p
GEN SERV
General service pum p
CENTRI F
Cent rifugal single or m ult i- st age pum p
AXI AL FLOW
Axial flow vert ical pum p
TURBI NE
Vert ical sum p pum p - t urbine im peller
API 610 I L
API 610 in line pum p
I N LI NE
General service in line pum p
PULP STOCK
Low consist ency st ock pum p
MAG DRI VE
St andard ANSI m agnet ic drive pum p
CANNED
Canned m ot or pum p
- SAN PUMP
Sanit ary cent rifugal pum p
- FLUME PUMP
Sanit ary flum ing pum p wit h feeder hopper
Ge a r Pu m ps ( GP)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
GEAR
St andard ext ernal gear rot ary pum p
CANNED RTR
Canned rot ary gear pum p
MECH SEAL
Mechanical seal gear pum p
Pist on, Ot he r Posit ive D ispla ce m e n t Pu m ps ( P)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
SI MPLEX
Reciprocat ing sim plex pum p - st eam driver
DUPLEX
Reciprocat ing duplex pum p - st eam driver
TRI PLEX
Triplex ( plunger) pum p - m ot or driver
DI APHRAGM
Diaphragm pum p - TFE t ype
SLURRY
Slurry pum p
ROTARY
Rot ary ( sliding vanes) pum p
1 I n t r odu ct ion t o Pr oce ss Equ ipm e n t ( G6 )
1-11
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
RECI P MOTR
Reciprocat ing posit ive displacem ent plunger pum p
HD STOCK
High densit y st ock pum p
ROTARYLOBE
Sanit ary rot ary lobe pum p
AI R DI APH
Sanit ary air diaphragm pum p
Ch a pt e r 8 : Tow e r s, Colu m n s
D ou ble D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( D D T)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
PACKED
Packed double- diam et er t ower
TRAYED
Trayed double- diam et er t ower
Sin gle D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( TW )
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
PACKED
Packed t ower
TRAYED
Trayed t ower
TRAY STACK
Tray st ack for t ray t ower
DC HE TW
Direct cont act heat exchanger t ower
TS ADSORB
Dual vessel t em perat ure swing adsorber
Ch a pt e r 9 : Va cu u m Syst e m s
Con de n se r s ( C)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
BAROMETRI C
Barom et ric condenser
Ej e ct or s ( EJ)
1-12
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
SI NGLE STG
One st age ej ect or non- condensing
TWO STAGE
Two st age ej ect or wit h one condenser
2 STAGE
Two st age ej ect or non- condensing
4 STAGE B
Four st age ej ect or wit h t wo condensers
4 STAGE
Four st age ej ect or wit h one condenser
5 STAGE B
Five st age ej ect or wit h one condense
1 I n t r oduct ion t o Pr oce ss Equ ipm e n t ( G6 )
Va cu u m Pu m ps ( VP)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
WATER SEALS
Wat er- sealed vacuum pum p
MECHANI CA
Mechanical oil- sealed vacuum pum p
MECH BOOST
Mechanical boost er vacuum pum p
Ch a pt e r 1 0 : Ve sse ls
H or iz ont a l Ta nk s ( H T)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
MULTI WALL
Mult i- wall horizont al drum
HORI Z DRUM
Horizont al drum
JACKETED
Jacket ed horizont al drum
SAN TANK
Sanit ary horizont al drum
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
CYLI NDER
Vert ical process vessel
MULTI WALL
Mult i- wall vert ical process vessel
JACKETED
Jacket ed vert ical process vessel
SPHERE
Sphere - pressure or vacuum st orage
SPHEROI D
Spheroid - pressure or vacuum st orage
STORAGE
Flat bot t om st orage t ank, opt ional roof
CRYOGENI C
Cryogenic st orage t ank
PLAST TANK
Plast ic st orage t ank ( FRP or Haveg)
WOOD TANK
Wooden st orage t ank
GAS HOLDER
Low pressure gas st orage vessel
CONE BTM
Cone bot t om st orage bin
LI VE BTM
Live bot t om st orage bin
CHEST REC
Rect angular concret e t ile chest
CHEST CYL
Cylindrical concret e t ile chest
CHEST MTL
Met al t ile chest
SAN TANK
Sanit ary vert ical cylindrical vessel
SAN HOPPER
Sanit ary hopper assem bly
Ch a pt e r 1 1 : Cr u sh e r s, M ills a n d St ock
Tr e a t m e n t
1 I n t r odu ct ion t o Pr oce ss Equ ipm e n t ( G6 )
1-13
Cr u sh e r s ( CR)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
CONES
Cone crusher - secondary crushing
GYRATORY
Gyrat ory - prim ary and secondary crushing
ECCENTRI C
Overhead eccent ric j aw crusher
JAW
Swing j aw crusher
ROTARY
Rot ary crusher
S ROLL LT
Single roll crusher - light dut y
S ROLL MED
Single roll crusher - m edium dut y
S ROLL HVY
Single roll crusher - heavy dut y
SAWTOOTH
Sawt oot h roller crusher
REV HAMR
Reversible ham m erm ill
HAMMER MED
Non- reversible ham m erm ill, m edium hard m at erial
SWI NG HAMR
Non- reversible ham m erm ill, hard m at erial
BRADFORD
Bradford ( rot ary) breaker
S I MPACT
Single rot or im pact breaker
PULVERI ZER
Pulverizer - crushing soft m at erial
ROLL RI NG
Ring granulat or
Fla k e r s ( FL)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
DRUM
Rot ary drum flaker
M ills ( M )
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
ATTRI TI ON
At t rit ion m ill
AUTOGENOUS
Aut ogenous m ill
BALL MI LL
Ball m ill wit h init ial ball charge
ROD MI LL
Rod m ill wit h init ial rod charge
MI KRO PULV
Mikro- pulverizer
ROLLER
Roller m ill
ROD CHARGR
Rod charger for rod m ill
St ock Tr e a t m e n t ( ST)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
REFI NER
Double disk refiner
DEFLAKE DK
Plat e or t ackle t ype deflaker
DEFLAKE CN
Conical t ype deflaker
Ch a pt e r 1 2 : D r ying Syst e m s
1-14
1 I n t r oduct ion t o Pr oce ss Equ ipm e n t ( G6 )
Cr yst a lliz e r s ( CRY)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
BATCH VAC
Bat ch vacuum cryst allizer
MECHANI CAL
Mechanical scraped- surface cryst allizer
OSLO
Oslo growt h t ype cryst allizer
Eva por a t or s ( E)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
FALL FI LM
Agit at ed falling film evaporat or
FORCED CI R
Forced circulat ion evaporat or
LONG TUBE
Long t ube rising film evaporat or
LONG VERT
Long t ube vert ical evaporat or
STAND VERT
St andard vert ical t ube evaporat or
STAND HOR
St andard horizont al t ube evaporat or
W ipe d Film Eva por a t or s ( W FE)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
THI N FI LM
Agit at ed t hin film evaporat or
WFE SYSTEM
Agit at ed t hin film evaporat or - package syst em
Air D r ye r s ( AD )
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
AI R DRYER
Dual t ower desiccant air dryer
D r ye r s ( D )
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
ATMOS TRAY
At m ospheric t ray bat ch dryer
VAC TRAY
Vacuum t ray bat ch dryer
PAN
Agit at ed pan bat ch dryer
SPRAY
Cont inuous spray drying syst em
D r u m D r ye r s ( D D )
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
SI NGLE ATM
Single at m ospheric drum dryer
DOUBLE ATM
Double at m ospheric drum dryer
SI NGLE VAC
Single vacuum rot ary drum dryer
S COOKCOOL
Rot ary drum cooker- cooler
1 I n t r odu ct ion t o Pr oce ss Equ ipm e n t ( G6 )
1-15
Rot a r y D r ye r s ( RD )
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
DI RECT
Direct rot ary dryer
I NDI RECT
I ndirect rot ary dryer
JAC VACUUM
Jacket ed rot ary vacuum dryer
VACUUM
Conical rot ary vacuum dryer
Tr a y D r yin g Syst e m s ( TD S)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
ATM SYSTEM
At m ospheric t ray dryer
VACUUM
Vacuum t ray dryer
TURBO
Turbo t ray drying syst em
VAC SYSTEM
Vacuum t ray dryer wit h condenser
Ch a pt e r 1 3 : Solids Con ve yin g
Con ve yor s ( CO)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
OPEN BELT
Belt conveyor - open
CLOSED BLT
Belt conveyor - covered
APRON
Apron conveyor - pans on endless chain
PNEUMATI C
Pneum at ic conveying syst em
ROLLER
Roller conveyor ( non- m ot orized)
SCREW
Screw conveyor in a U- shaped t rough
VI BRATI NG
Vibrat ing conveyor wit h inclined t rough
CENT BKT L
Elevat or- spaced bucket
CONT BKT L
Elevat or- cont inuous bucket
Cr a n e s ( CE)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
BRI DGE CRN
Traveling bridge crane
HOI ST
Hoist wit h t rack beam
Ele va t or s, Lift s ( EL)
1-16
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
FREI GHT
Freight elevat or
PASSENGER
Passenger elevat or
1 I n t r oduct ion t o Pr oce ss Equ ipm e n t ( G6 )
Fe e de r s ( FE)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
BELT
Volum et ric belt feeder
BI N ACTVTR
Bin act ivat or
ROTARY
Rot ary feeder
VI BRATI NG
Vibrat ing feeder
WT LOSS
Loss- in- weight feeder
DUMPER
Sanit ary dum per
SACK DUMP
Sanit ary bulk bag unloader
SAN SCREW
Sanit ary screw feeder
SAN BELT
Sanit ary weigh belt feeder
H oist s ( H O)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
HOI ST
5- speed elect ric hoist - m ot orized t rolley
1 SPEED
1- speed elect ric hoist - no t rolley
5 SPEED
5- speed elect ric hoist - no t rolley
HAND GT
Hand hoist - m anual pull chain t rolley
HAND PT
Hand hoist - m anual t rolley
HAND NT
Hand hoist - no t rolley
Sca le s ( S)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
BEAM SCALE
Beam scale
BELT
Conveyor belt scale
BENCH
Bench scale - dial and beam
FULL FRAME
Full floor scale - dial and beam
SEMI FRAME
Sem i fram e floor scale - dial and beam
TANK SCALE
Tank scale - weigh bridge and saddles
TRACK
Track scale for rail cars
TRUCK
Truck ( lorry) scale
SAN FLOOR
Sanit ary floor scale - flush m ount ed
Ch a pt e r 1 4 : Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t
Ce nt r ifuge s ( CT)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
ATM SUSPEN
At m ospheric suspended basket cent rifuge
BATCH AUTO
Aut o bat ch filt ering cent rifuge
BATCH BOTM
Bat ch bot t om - suspended cent rifuge
1 I n t r odu ct ion t o Pr oce ss Equ ipm e n t ( G6 )
1-17
TOP UNLOAD
Bat ch t op unload cent rifuge
BOT UNLOAD
Bat ch bot t om unload cent rifuge
BATCH TOP
Bat ch t op- suspended cent rifuge
DI SK
High- speed disk cent rifuge
RECI P CONV
Reciprocat ing conveyor cent rifuge
SCROLL CON
Scroll conveyor cent rifuge
SOLI D BOWL
Solid bowl cent rifuge
SCREEN BWL
Screen bowl cent rifuge
TUBULAR
High- speed t ubular cent rifuge
VI BRATORY
Vibrat ing screen cent rifuge
I NVERTI NG
I nvert ing filt er cent rifuge
D u st Colle ct or s ( D C)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
CENTRF PRE
Cent rifugal precipit at or
CLOTH BAY
Baghouse wit h m ot or shakers
CYCLONE
Cyclone dust collect or
MULT CYCLO
Mult iple cyclone dust collect or
ELC H VOLT
High volt age elect rical precipit at or
ELC L VOLT
Low volt age elect rical precipit at or
WASHERS
Washer dust collect or
PULSE SHKR
Baghouse wit h inj ect ed pulsed air
Filt e r s ( F)
1-18
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
CARTRI DGE
Cart ridge filt er ( 5 m icron cot t on)
LEAF DRY
Pressure leaf- dry filt er
LEAF WET
Pressure leaf- wet filt er
PLATE FRAM
Plat e and fram e filt er
ROTY DI SK
Rot ary disk filt er
ROTY DRUM
Rot ary drum filt er
SEWAGE
Sewage filt er
SPARKLER
Sparkler filt er
TUBULAR
Tubular fabric filt er ( bank of 3)
SCROLL
Scroll discharge cent rifugal filt er
WHI TEWATER
Whit e wat er filt er - cent rifugal screen
METAL TRAP
Sanit ary in- line m et al t rap
RECL REEL
Sanit ary flum ing reclaim reel
SAN AI R
Culinary ( st erile) air filt er
SAN PI PE
Sanit ary pipe filt er
SAN PRESS
Sanit ary filt er press
SAN STEAM
Culinary ( st erile) st eam filt er
1 I n t r oduct ion t o Pr oce ss Equ ipm e n t ( G6 )
SAN STRAI N
Sanit ary pipe st rainer
SEDI MENT
REMOVAL
Sedim ent Rem oval
Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( SE)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
WATER CYCL
Wat er- only cyclone - m ineral separat ion
OI L WATER
Oil- wat er separat or - API t ype
PULP STOCK
Pulp st ock cent rifugal cleaner
Th ick e n e r s ( T)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
THI CKENER
Thickener/ clarifier
Scr e e n s ( VS)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
ONE DECK
Single deck rect angular vibrat ing screen
TWO DECK
Double deck rect angular vibrat ing screen
THREE DECK
Triple deck rect angular vibrat ing screen
HUMMER
Hum m er t ype screen for fine separat ion
SI FTER 1
Single deck circular vibrat ing screen
SI FTER 2
Double deck circular vibrat ing screen
SI FTER 3
Triple deck circular vibrat ing screen
PRESSURE
Pressure screen
LD STOCK
Low consist ency st ock pum p
BAR
Mechanical bar screen
Ch a pt e r 1 5 : Ut ilit y Se r vice Syst e m s
Coolin g Tow e r s ( CTW )
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
COOLI NG
Cooling t ower, less pum ps, field assem bly
COOLI NG WP
Cooling t ower, com plet e, field assem bly
I tem
D e scr ipt ion
PACKAGED
Packaged cooling t ower, fact ory assem bly
1 I n t r odu ct ion t o Pr oce ss Equ ipm e n t ( G6 )
1-19
St e a m Boile r s ( STB)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
BOI LER
Packaged boiler unit
STM BOI LER
Field erect ed boiler unit
H e a t in g Un it s ( H U)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
CYLI NDER
Process heat er t ype dowt herm unit
Re fr ige r a t ion Unit s ( RU)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
CENT COMPR
Cent rifugal com pression refrigerat ion unit
MECHANI CAL
Mechanical com pression refrigerat ion unit
Ele ct r ica l Ge ne r a t or s ( EG)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
PORTABLE
Port able elect rical generat or - diesel
TURBO GEN
Elect rical generat or - st eam t urbine drive
W a t e r Tr e a t m e n t Syst e m s ( W TS)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
DEMI NERAL
Two st age ion exchange wat er t reat m ent
SOFTENI NG
Hot lim e, zeolit e wat er t reat m ent syst em
AERATOR
Surface aerat or
Ch a pt e r 1 6 : Fla r e s a n d St a ck s
Fla r e s ( FLR)
1-20
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
DERRI CK
Derrick- support ed flare st ack
GUYED
Guyed flare st ack
SELF SUPP
Self- support ed flare st ack
HORI ZONTAL
Horizont al ground flare
1 I n t r oduct ion t o Pr oce ss Equ ipm e n t ( G6 )
THRM OX LC
Recuperat ive t herm al oxidizer
STORAGE
Vapor cont rol flare for st orage/ loading
St a ck s ( STK)
I t e m Type
D e scr ipt ion
STACK
St ack wit hout flare t ip
1 I n t r odu ct ion t o Pr oce ss Equ ipm e n t ( G6 )
1-21
1-22
1 I n t r oduct ion t o Pr oce ss Equ ipm e n t ( G6 )
2 Agit a t or s
( G6 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
Agit at ors ( AG)
Agit at ed Tanks ( AT)
Descript ion of Agit at ed Tanks
I m peller Types - General Range of Basic Dat a* *
I m peller Type References
I m peller Mat erials
Blenders ( BL)
Kneaders ( K)
Mixers ( MX)
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
2-1
Agit a t or s ( AG)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Port able, clam p- on, direct drive wit h explosion- proof
m ot or. Typically used for rapid disperat ion or fast
react ions.
D I RECT
M a t e r ia l:
* CS* , SS304, SS316, MONEL, RUBCV
D r ive r Pow e r :
0.25 - 3 HP [ 0.75 - 2.22 KW]
Port able, clam p- on, gear drive wit h explosion- proof
m ot or. Typically used t o keep solids in suspension,
m edium viscosit y blending and dissolving.
GEAR D RI VE
M a t e r ia l:
* CS* , SS304, SS316, MONEL, RUBCV
D r ive r Pow e r :
0.25 - 5 HP; [ 0.75 - 3 KW]
2-2
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
Agit a t or s ( AG) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Fixed m ount , t op- ent ering, gear drive, m echanical
seal, explosion- proof m ot or. Typically used for low
speed m ixing on closed t anks. Shaft ent ers t ank
t hrough a m echanical seal.
M ECH SEAL
M a t e r ia l:
* CS* , SS304, SS316, MONEL, RUBCV
I m pe lle r dia m e t e r :
Max: 10 FEET [ 3.00 M]
D r ive r pow e r :
Min: 2.00 HP [ 1.5 KW] ;
Max: 200 HP [ 140 KW]
I m pe lle r Spe e d:
Min: 1,200 RPM [ 1,000 RPM] ;
Max: 1,800 RPM [ 1,500 RPM]
D r ive r t ype :
* STD* - St andard m ot or
VFD- Variable frequency drive
I m pe lle r t ype :
* MP3B5*
Fixed m ount , t op- ent ering, gear drive, anchor, st uffing AN CH OR
box, explosion- proof m ot or. Typically used for low
speed m ixing on closed t anks.
M a t e r ia l:
* CS* , SS304, SS316, MONEL, RUBCV
D r ive r pow e r :
0.75 - 5 HP [ 0.75 - 3 KW]
Port able propeller m ixer wit h m ot or t o 7.5 HP
[ 5.5 KW] .
PORT PROP
M a t e r ia l:
* CS* , SS
D r ive r pow e r :
0.33 - 7.5 HP [ 0.75 - 5.5 KW]
Fixed propeller m ixer wit h m ot or and gear drive t o 100 FI XED PROP
HP [ 75 KW] .
I ncludes m ot or, gear drive, shaft and im peller.
M a t e r ia l:
* CS* , SS
D r ive r pow e r :
2 - 100 HP [ 1.5 - 75 KW]
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
2-3
Agit a t or s ( AG) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Top ent ry ( for Open or Closed t anks) and Side ent ry
t ype. I ncludes m ot or driver, baseplat e, bearings,
speed reducer, seals and a variet y of shaft and
im peller configurat ions.
PULP STOCK
M a t e r ia l:
* CS* , SS403, SS316, SS321, SS347, 304L, 316L, NI ,
I NCNL, MONEL, HAST, TI
D r ive r t ype :
DRCT - Direct drive, no speed reduct ion
BELT- Belt driven speed reduct ion
VFD - Variable frequency drive
GEAR - Gear drive speed reduct ion
Liquid volum e :
Ent er Capacit y or I m peller Diam et er
I m pe lle r dia m e t e r :
Ent er Capacit y or I m peller Diam et er
Agit a t or or ie nt a t ion:
Default : * VTOP*
VTOP - Top ent ry agit at or for open t anks
VTCL - Top ent ry agit at or for closed t anks
SI DE - Side ent ry agit at or
D r ive r spe e d:
Max: 3,600 RPM [ 3,000 RPM, m et ric unit s] ;
Default : * 1,800* RPM: [ * 1,800* RPM, m et ric unit s]
Consist e n cy - Air D r ie d% :
Max: 10.0; Default : * 4.0*
Fluid de nsit y:
* 62.4* PCF [ * 1000* KG/ M3]
Se a l t ype :
Default : * PACK*
PACK - Packing
MECH - Mechanical seal
Sanit ary reversing anchor agit at or
AN CH OR REV
Wit h large paddle, reversing m ot or, and proxim it y
sensors. St ainless st eel m at erial for sanit at ion.
I f you require a foundat ion for t his it em , it m ust be
added.
Liquid volum e :
MI N: 50 GALLONS [ 0.19 M3] ,
MAX: 1,000 GALLONS [ 3.78 M3]
Agit a t or dia m e t e r :
MI N: 32 I NCHES [ 813 MM] ,
MAX: 72 I NCHES [ 1,825 MM]
Agit a t or he ight :
MI N: 24 I NCHES [ 610 MM] ,
MAX: 72 I NCHES [ 1,825 MM]
2-4
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
Agit a t or s ( AG) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sanit ary count er- rot at ing agit at or
COUN T ROT
Two- piece agit at or wit h cent er arm ed shaft and out er
fram e parallel wall rot at ing opposit e each ot her.
St ainless st eel m at erial for sanit at ion.
I f you require a foundat ion for t his it em , it m ust be
added.
Liquid volum e :
MI N: 50 GALLONS [ 0.19 M3] ;
MAX: 1,000 GALLONS [ 3.78 M3] .
Required t o ent er capacit y.
Agit a t or dia m e t e r :
MI N: 32 I NCHES [ 813
MM] , MAX: 72 I NCHES [ 1,825 MM]
Agit a t or he ight :
MI N: 24 I NCHES [ 610 MM] ,
MAX: 72 I NCHES [ 1,825 MM]
Sanit ary highshear hom ogenizing agit at or
H I GH SH EAR
Agit at or ’s perforat ed disk rot at es t o creat e shear for
hom ogenizing im m iscible liquids. Used in t he sanit ary
indust ry.
I f you require a foundat ion for t his it em , it m ust be
added.
Liquid volum e :
MI N: 3 GALLONS [ 0.012 M3] ,
MAX: 1,500 GALLONS [ 5.67 M3] .
Re quir e d: Ent er eit her liquid volum e or driver power.
Se a l for sha ft :
* NO* - Shaft seal not required
YES- Shaft seal is required
D r ive r pow e r :
MI N: 0.33 HP [ 0.25 KW] , 40 HP [ 30 KW] .
Re quir e d: Ent er eit her liquid volum e or driver power.
D r ive r t ype :
* WXXDC* - Washdown, direct drive, CS
WVRDC - Washdown, VFD rat ed, direct drive, CS
WVCDC- Washdown, VFD cont rolled, direct dive,
CS
WXXDS - Washdown, direct drive, SS
WVRDS - Washdown, VFD rat ed, direct drive, SS
WVCDS - Washdown, VFD cont rolled, direct
drive, SS
TXXDC - TEFC, direct drive, CS
TVRDC - TEFC, VFD rat ed, direct drive, CS
TVCDC - TEFC, VFD cont rolled, direct drive, CS
- Cont inued on next page -
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
2-5
Agit a t or s ( AG) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
H I GH SH EAR - cont inued
I m pe lle r t ype :
* I NTGH* - I nt egral head
RSDI H- Rot at or st at or w/ slot t ed disint egr. head
RSSQR- Rot at or st at or w/ high shear screen RSGENRot at or st at or w/ GP disint egrat ing head
Sanit ary fixed propeller/ t urbine m ixer.
SAN FI XED
St ainless st eel m at erial for t ot al washdown capabilit y
and no risk of open cont ainer cont am inat ion from
paint chips.
I f you require a foundat ion for t his it em , it m ust be
added.
D r ive r pow e r :
MI N: 0.5 HP [ 0.375 KW] , 25 HP [ 18.5]
D r ive r t ype :
* WVRGP* - Washdown, VFD rat ed, gear drive
WVCGP - Washdown, VFD cont rolled, gear drive
WXXGP- Washdown, gear drive
I m pe lle r t ype :
* PROP* - propeller t ype im peller ( not available
above 3 HP [ 2.22 KW] )
TURB- t urbine t ype im peller
N o. of im pe lle r s:
* 1* , MI N: 1, MAX: 2
Angle r ise r :
* NO* - Angle riser not required
YES- Angle riser is required
M ou nt in g t ype :
* UNSLF* - Unsealed flange m ount ing
SLF- Sealed flange m ount ing
FLWB- Flange wit h bridge
2-6
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
Agit a t or s ( AG) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sanit ary port . propeller/ t urbine m ixer
SAN PORT
St ainless st eel m at erial for t ot al washdown capabilit y
and no risk of open cont ainer cont am inat ion from
paint chips. Quick- disconnect prop allows for easy
inspect ion.
Driver t ype select ions allow you t o choose bet ween
gear or direct drives. Gear drives feat ure rem ovable
shaft s ret ained by a posit ive fit int ernal shaft coupling.
Direct drives have fixed, non- rem ovable shaft s wit h a
sealed ent ry at t he m ount ing flange face for superior
sanit at ion.
I f you require a foundat ion for t his it em , it m ust be
added.
D r ive r pow e r :
MI N: 0.33 HP [ 0.25 KW] ,
MAX: 0.75 HP [ 0.55 KW]
D r ive r t ype :
* WVRDN* - Washdown, VFD rat ed, direct
drive, NI plat e
WVRGN- Washdown, VFD rat ed, gear drive, NI
plat e
WVCDN- Washdown, VFD cont r, direct drive,
NI plat e
WVCGN- Washdown, VFD cont r, gear drive, NI
plat e
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
2-7
Agit a t e d Ta n k s ( AT)
Sm all t o large, pressure/ vacuum , j acket , driver, m ot or- reducer, agit at or and
support s.
For M I X ER, REACTOR and OPEN TOP:
Liqu id Volu m e : To secure desired vessel size, specify t he diam et er and height
direct ly. A value m ust be specified if diam et er and height are not bot h
specified. Ot herwise, calculat ed from diam et er and height . I f bot h vessel
dim ensions and capacit y are specified, t he syst em - calculat ed capacit y m ust
agree wit h t he specified capacit y t o wit hin + / - 10% .
Sk ir t or Le g H e igh t : I f t he capacit y is 1000 GAL. [ 37 M3] or less, t he vessel
is designed wit h 4 FEET [ 1.25 M] pipe legs. For a capacit y great er t han 1000
GAL. [ 37 M3] , t he vessel is designed wit h a skirt . The skirt height is calculat ed
as 1.5 x ( vessel diam et er) wit h m inim um and m axim um height s of 4 and 32
FEET [ 1.25 and 9.5 M] respect ively. Ent er “ 0.0” if hung in open st ruct ure.
M a n hole D ia m e t e r : I f no value is specified, a value is calculat ed as a funct ion
of vessel diam et er and height wit h a m axim um m anhole diam et er of 48
I NCHES [ 1200 MM] .
Cor r osion Allow a n ce : For CS alloys, t he default is 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] ;
0.0 for all ot her m at erials.
W e ld Efficie n cy% : 5- - 100 ( For ASME and JI S codes only) .
Pr odu ct D e n sit y: * 62.4* PCF [ * 1,000* KG/ M3]
Viscosit y: * 1.0* CPOI SE [ * 1.0* MPA- S]
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Pressure/ vacuum vessel, opt ional j acket
M I XER
I ncludes t op ent ering im peller and geared m ot orreducer, t ank designed for 15 PSI G
[ 100 KPA] .
Applica t ion :
Defines vessel funct ion and relat ed pipe/ inst rum .
m odel.
CONT- St andard cont inuous process
BATCH- Bat ch process
She ll M a t e r ia l:
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial.
( Cladding is defined below.) Default : * A285C* .
Liqu id Volu m e :
Ent er eit her Capacit y or Diam et er and Height .
V e sse l D ia m e t e r :
Ent er eit her Capacit y or Diam et er and Height .
V e sse l Ta nge nt t o Ta nge nt H e ight :
Ent er eit her Capacit y or Diam et er and Height .
- Cont inued on next page -
2-8
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
Agit a t e d Ta n k s ( AT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
M I XER - cont inued
D e sign Ga u ge Pr e ssur e :
Default : * 15* PSI G [ * 100* KPA]
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case. Default : Pressure.
Va cuu m D e sign Ga uge Pr e ssu r e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case. Default : Pressure.
D e sign Te m pe r a t ur e :
* 250* DEG F [ * 120* DEG C]
Ope r a t ing Te m pe r a t u r e :
Default : Design t em perat ure.
Ja ck e t D e sign Ga u ge Pr e ssur e :
Pressure m ust be specified t o obt ain a j acket .
Default : No j acket .
Ja ck e t Type :
Default : * FULL*
FULL - Full j acket
PI PE - Half- pipe j acket
Ja ck e t Thick ne ss:
Jacket pressure or t hickness required t o obt ain j acket .
Default : No j acket .
Ja ck e t M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS - Carbon st eel
A 515 - A 515
A 204C - C - .5Mo
A 387B - 1Cr - .5Mo
A 387D - 2.25Cr - 1Mo
SS304 - SS304
SS316 - SS316
SS321 - SS321
SS347 - SS347
SS410 - SS410
SS430 - SS430
304L - 304L
316L - 316L
NI - Nickel
I NCNL - I nconel
MONEL - Monel
HAST - Hast elloy
- Cont inued on next page -
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
2-9
Agit a t e d Ta n k s ( AT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
M I XER - cont inued
SEE CARBON STEEL
- Select from t ypes of Carbon St eel
SEE HEAT-TREATED STEEL
- Select from t ypes of Heat Treat ed St eel
SEE LOW ALLOY STEEL
- Select from t ypes of Low Alloy St eel
SEE HI GH ALLOY STEEL
- Select from t ypes of High Alloy St eel
SEE NON- FERROUS
- Select from t ypes of Non- Ferrous St eel
D r ive r Type :
Default : * STD*
STD - St andard m ot or
VFD - Variable frequency drive
Cla dding M a t e r ia l:
Default : None.
Sk ir t or Le g H e ight :
Ent er 0.0 if hung in OPEN st ruct ure, legs provided if
capacit y < 10,000 GAL [ 37 M3] .
M a n h ole D ia m e t e r :
I f no value is specified, a value is calculat ed as a
funct ion of vessel diam et er and height wit h a
m axim um m anhole diam et er of 48 I NCHES [ 1200
MM] .
Ba se M a t e r ia l Thick ne ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion Allow a nce :
For CS alloys, t he default is 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] ; 0.0
for all ot her m at erials.
W e ld Efficie ncy% :
5 - 100 ( For ASME and JI S codes only) .
St r e ss Re lie f:
CODE - Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES - Provide st ress relief
NO - No st ress relief required
Cla dding Thick ne ss:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial is
specified; ot herwise 0.0.
Fluid D e pt h :
Maxim um fluid dept h: vessel height less 12 I NCHES
[ 300 MM]
- Cont inued on next page -
2-10
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
Agit a t e d Ta n k s ( AT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
M I XER - cont inued
Fluid D e n sit y:
* 62.4* PCF [ * 1,000* KG/ M3]
Fluid Viscosit y:
* 1.0* CPOI SE [ * 1.0* MPA- S]
I m pe lle r Type :
See I m peller Types t able lat er in t his chapt er.
St iffe ning Ring Spa cing:
Default st iffeners designed for vacuum only, ent er 0.0
if not required.
N u m be r of Body Fla nge Se t s:
Num ber of set s ( pairs) of body flanges of sam e
diam et er as vessel.
D ia m e t e r Opt ion:
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD.
Default : See Area Design Basis.
OD- Out side Diam et er
I D- I nside Diam et er
Open wit h loose- fit t ing cover, opt ional j acket . I ncludes OPEN TOP
im peller and geared m ot or reducer, support ed by
st ruct ural st eel spanning t ank t op, t ank wit hout head.
She ll M a t e r ia l:
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial.
( Cladding is defined below.) Default : * A285C* .
Liqu id Volu m e :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
V e sse l D ia m e t e r :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
V e sse l Ta nge nt t o Ta nge nt H e ight :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
D e sign Te m pe r a t ur e :
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
Ope r a t ing Te m pe r a t u r e :
Default : Design Tem perat ure.
Ja ck e t D e sign Ga u ge Pr e ssur e :
Jacket pressure or t hickness required t o obt ain j acket .
Default : no j acket .
Ja ck e t Type :
Default : * FULL*
FULL- Full j acket
PI PE- Half- pipe j acket
- Cont inued on next page -
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
2-11
Agit a t e d Ta n k s ( AT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
OPEN TOP - cont inued
Ja ck e t Thick ne ss:
Jacket pressure or t hickness required t o obt ain j acket .
Default : no j acket .
Ja ck e t M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
A 515- A 515
A 204C- C - .5Mo
A 387B- 1Cr - .5Mo
A 387D- 2.25Cr - 1Mo
SS304- SS304
SS316- SS316
SS321- SS321
SS347- SS347
SS410- SS410
SS430- SS430
304L- 304L
316L- 316L
NI - Nickel
I NCNL- I nconel
MONEL- Monel
HAST- Hast elloy
SEE CARBON STEEL
- Select from t ypes of Carbon St eel
SEE HEAT-TREATED STEEL
- Select from t ypes of Heat Treat ed St eel
SEE LOW ALLOY STEEL
- Select from t ypes of Low Alloy St eel
SEE HI GH ALLOY STEEL
- Select from t ypes of High Alloy St eel
SEE NON- FERROUS
- Select from t ypes of Non- Ferrous St eel
D r ive r Type :
Default : * STD*
STD- St andard Mot or
VFD- Variable frequency drive
Cla dding M a t e r ia l:
Default * none* .
Sk ir t or Le g H e ight :
Ent er 0.0 if hung in OPEN st ruct ure, legs provides if
capacit y < 10,000 GAL. [ 37 M3] .
- Cont inued on next page -
2-12
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
D e scr ipt ion
Type
OPEN TOP - cont inued
M a n h ole D ia m e t e r :
Max: 48 I NCHES [ 1200 MM] .
Ba se M a t e r ia l Thick ne ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion Allow a nce :
Default 0.125 I NCHES [ 3.0 MM] for CS; 0.0 for ot her
m at erial; double if j acket ed.
W e ld Efficie n cy:
ASME/ JI S codes only, where allowed for t hin wall
vessels; Default : Area Basis 50 - 100.
St r e ss Re lie f:
Default : See Area Basis
CODE- Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES- Provide st ress relief
NO- No st ress relief required
Cla dding Thick ne ss:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial is
specified; ot herwise: 0.0.
Fluid D e pt h :
Maxim um fluid dept h: vessel height less 12 I NCHES
[ 300 MM] .
Fluid D e n sit y:
Default : * 62.40* PCF.
Fluid Viscosit y:
Default : * 1.00* CPOI SE.
I m pe lle r Type :
See I m pellor Types t able.
St iffe ning Ring Spa cing:
Default st iffeners designed for vacuum only, ent er 0.0
if not required.
N u m be r of Body Fla nge Se t s:
Num ber of set s ( pairs) of body flanges of sam e
diam et er as vessel.
D ia m e t e r Opt ion:
Defines desired diam et ers as I D or OD;
Default : See Area Design Basis.
OD- Out side diam et er
I D- I nside diam et er
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
2-13
Agit a t e d Ta n k s ( AT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Pressure/ vacuum vessel, j acket ed.
REACTOR
I ncludes j acket m ot or gear drive and shaft seal,
agit at or, shaft , t herm om et er well, blow- pipe,
insulat ion and safet y valves. Rat ing of full vacuum and
design pressure.
Applica t ion sym bol:
Defines vessel funct ion and relat ed pipe/ inst rum .
m odel.
< blank> - St andard cont inuous process
BATCH- Bat ch process
She ll M a t e r ia l:
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial.
( Cladding is defined below.) Default : * A285C* .
Liqu id Volu m e :
Ent er eit her Capacit y or Diam et er and Height .
V e sse l D ia m e t e r :
Ent er eit her Capacit y or Diam et er and Height .
V e sse l Ta nge nt t o Ta nge nt H e ight :
Ent er eit her Capacit y or Diam et er and Height .
D e sign Ga u ge Pr e ssur e :
Default : * 15* PSI G [ * 100* KPA]
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case.
Default : Pressure.
Va cuu m D e sign Ga uge Pr e ssu r e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered,
design is for worst case. Default : Pressure.
D e sign Te m pe r a t ur e :
Ferrous m at ’l: 650 DEG F [ 340 DEG C] ;
Ot her m at ’l: 250 DEG F [ 120 DEG C] .
Ope r a t ing Te m pe r a t u r e :
Default : Design t em perat ure.
Ja ck e t D e sign Ga u ge Pr e ssur e :
* 90* PSI G [ * 620* KPA]
Ja ck e t Type :
Default : * FULL*
FULL- Full j acket
PI PE- Half- pipe j acket
- Cont inued on next page -
2-14
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
Agit a t e d Ta n k s ( AT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
REACTOR - cont inued
Ja ck e t M a t e r ia l: Default : * CS*
CS - Carbon st eel
A 515 - A 515
A 204C - C - .5Mo
A 387B - 1Cr - .5Mo
A 387D - 2.25Cr - 1Mo
SS304 - SS304
SS316 - SS316
SS321 - SS321
SS347 - SS347
SS410 - SS410
SS430 - SS430
304L - 304L
316L - 316L
NI - Nickel
I NCNL - I nconel
MONEL - Monel
HAST - Hast elloy
SEE CARBON STEEL
- Select from t ypes of Carbon St eel
SEE HEAT-TREATED STEEL
- Select from t ypes of Heat Treat ed St eel
SEE LOW ALLOY STEEL
- Select from t ypes of Low Alloy St eel
SEE HI GH ALLOY STEEL
- Select from t ypes of High Alloy St eel
SEE NON- FERROUS
- Select from t ypes of Non- Ferrous St eel
D r ive r Type :
Default : * STD*
STD - St andard m ot or
VFD - Variable frequency drive
Cla dding M a t e r ia l:
Default : None.
Sk ir t or Le g H e ight :
Ent er 0.0 if hung in OPEN st ruct ure, legs provided if
capacit y < 10,000 GAL [ 37 M3] .
M a n h ole D ia m e t e r :
I f no value is specified, a value is calculat ed as a
funct ion of vessel diam et er and height wit h a
m axim um m anhole diam et er of 48 I NCHES
[ 1200 MM] .
- Cont inued on next page -
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
2-15
Agit a t e d Ta n k s ( AT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
REACTOR - cont inued
Ba se M a t e r ia l Thick ne ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion Allow a nce :
For CS alloys, t he default is 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] ; 0.0
for all ot her m at erials.
W e ld Efficie n cy:
5 - 100 ( For ASME and JI S codes only) .
St r e ss Re lie f:
CODE- Provide st ress relief if code
requires
YES- Provide st ress relief
NO- No st ress relief required
Cla dding Thick ne ss:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial is
specified; ot herwise 0.0.
Fluid D e pt h :
Maxim um fluid dept h: vessel height less
12 I NCHES [ 300 MM]
Fluid D e n sit y:
* 62.4* PCF [ * 1,000* KG/ M3]
Fluid Viscosit y:
* 1.0* CPOI SE [ * 1.0* MPA- S]
I m pe lle r Type :
See I m peller Types t able lat er in t his chapt er.
St iffe ning Ring Spa cing:
Default st iffeners designed for vacuum only, ent er 0.0
if not required.
N u m be r of Body Fla nge Se t s:
Num ber of set s ( pairs) of body flanges of sam e
diam et er as vessel.
D ia m e t e r Opt ion:
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD.
Default : See Area Design Basis.
OD- Out side Diam et er
I D- I nside Diam et er
2-16
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
Agit a t e d Ta n k s ( AT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Pulpers are used for pulping t he wast e generat ed by
M ACH PULP
m ill operat ion or in a paper recycling process. Hence OFF M ACH
t he t wo t ypes: on- m achine and off- m achine pulpers.
Bot h include a pulping t ank wit h support legs, nozzles
( feed, drain and level cont rol) . The pulper it self
consist s of an ext ract ion plat e, ext ract ion cham ber
wit h flanged out let , rot or blade, hub, shaft wit h gear
or V- belt drive, drive m ot or, m ot or coupling and an
adapt er plat e. Mult iple rot ors can be select ed.
M ACH PUM P
Applica t ion Sym bol:
Default : * CONT*
BATCH - Bat ch pulper
CONT- Cont inuous pulper
Ta nk or Va t M a t e r ia l:
CS, SS304, * SS316* , SS321, SS347, 304L, 316L, NI ,
I NCNL, MONEL, HAST, TI
Configu r a t ion :
Default : * RECT*
CYLI N- Cylindrical t ank
RECT- Rect angular t ank
H ydr a ulic Volum e :
Ent er pulping rat e or hydraulic capacit y.
Pu lpin g Ra t e Air D r ie d:
Ent er pulping rat e or hydraulic capacit y.
Ta nk Le ngt h or D ia m e t e r :
Ent er lengt h for rect angular t ank or diam et er for
cylindrical t ank.
Ve sse l W idt h:
Rect angular t anks only.
N um be r of Rot or s or D r ive s:
1- 2; Default : * 1* .
Consist e n cy Air D r ie d:
Max: 18; Default : * 4.00*
I m pe lle r Type :
Default : * STD*
STD - St andard rot or shaft lengt h
EXTD - Ext ended rot or shaft lengt h
- Cont inued on next page -
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
2-17
D e scr ipt ion
Type
M ACH PULP - cont inued
I m pe lle r M a t e r ia l:
CS, SS304, * SS316* , SS321, SS347, 304L,
316L, NI , I NCNL, MONEL, HAST, TI
D r ive r Type :
Default : * GEAR*
BELT - Belt driven speed reduct ion
GEAR - Gear drive speed reduct ion
D e sign Te m pe r a t ur e :
* 68.0* DEG F [ * 20.0* DEG C]
Se a l for Sha ft :
Default : * PACK*
PACK - Packing
MECH - Mechanical seal
Cor r osion Allow a nce :
For CS alloys, t he default is 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] ; 0.0
for all ot her m at erials.
D r ive r Spe e d:
Max: 3,000 RPM [ 2,600 RPM] ;
Default : * 1,500* RPM [ * 1,800 RPM]
Ve sse l Le g H e igh t :
* 10.0* FEET [ * 3.00* M]
Num ber of Manholes: Default : * 1* .
M a n h ole D ia m e t e r :
I f no value is specified, a value is calculat ed as a
funct ion of vessel diam et er and height wit h a
m axim um m anhole diam et er of 48 I NCHES
[ 1200 MM] .
Default : * 18* I NCHES [ * 450* MM]
Applica t ion Sym bol: Default : * BATCH*
OFF M ACH
BATCH - Bat ch pulper
CONT - Cont inuous pulper
Ta nk or Va t M a t e r ia l: CS, SS304, * SS316* , SS321,
SS347, 304L, S16L, NI , I NCNL, MONEL, HAST, TI .
Configu r a t ion : Default : * CYLI N*
CYLI N - Cylindrical t ank
RECT - Rect angular t ank
H ydr a ulic Volum e : Ent er t ank capacit y or t ank
dim ensions.
Ta nk Le ngt h or D ia m e t e r : Ent er t ank capacit y or
dim ensions, diam et er for cylindrical, lengt h for
rect angular.
Ve sse l H e ight : Ent er t ank capacit y or t ank
dim ensions.
- Cont inued on next page -
2-18
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
Agit a t e d Ta n k s ( AT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
OFF M ATCH - cont inued
Ve sse l W idt h:
Ent er t ank capacit y or dim ensions, widt h is for
rect angular t anks only.
N um be r of Rot or s or D r ive s:
1- 2, Default : * 1* .
Consist e n cy Air D r ie d:
Max: 18; Default : * 4.0* .
I m pe lle r Type :
Default : * EXTD* .
STD - St andard rot or shaft lengt h
EXTD - Ext ended rot or shaft lengt h
I m pe lle r M a t e r ia l:
CS, SS304, * SS316* , SS321, SS347, 304L, S16L, NI ,
I NCNL, MONEL, HAST, TI
D r ive r Type : Default : * GEAR*
BELT - Belt driven speed reduct ion
GEAR - Gear drive speed reduct ion
D e sign Te m pe r a t ur e :
Default : * 68.0* DEG F [ * 20.0* DEG C] .
Se a l for Sha ft :
Default : * PACK* .
PACK - Packing
MECH - Mechanical seal
Cor r osion Allow a nce :
For CS alloys, t he default is 0.125 I NCHES [ 3.0 MM] ;
0.0 for all ot her m at erials.
D r ive r Spe e d:
Max: 3,000 RPM [ 2,600 RPM] ;
Default : * 1,500 RPM [ * 1,800* RPM] .
Ve sse l Le g H e igh t :
Default * 10* FEET [ * 3.0* M] .
N u m be r of M a n h ole s:
Default : * 1* .
M a n h ole D ia m e t e r :
I f no values is specified, a value is calculat ed as a
funct ion of vessel diam et er and height wit h a
m axim um diam et er of 48 I NCHES [ 1,200 MM] .
Default : * 18* I NCHES [ * 450* MM] .
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
2-19
Agit a t e d Ta n k s ( AT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Condit ioning cell for float at ion m achine.
CON D CELL
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Ce ll Volum e :
10.0 - 1,500.0 CF [ 0.3 - 40 M3]
Float at ion m achine, m inerals separat ion, m ult i- cell .
FLOAT CELL
Float at ion m achine for select ively separat ing
m inerals by agit at ion, air dissem inat ion and
chem ical adhesion. I ncludes one row of cells
connect ed in series wit h one feed box, one
discharge box and one connect ion box for each
group of four cells.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
V olum e Pe r Ce ll:
10 - 1,500 CF [ 0.3
- 40 M3]
N u m be r of Ce lls: Refers t o num ber per row
connect ed in series.
N u m be r of Ce lls Pe r M ot or :
1 - 2; Default : * 1*
2-20
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
D e scr ipt ion of Agit a t e d Ta n k s
1
Reynolds Num ber ( RN) , dim ensionless: RN = ( D2N) ( FD/ FV)
2
Froude Num ber ( FN) , dim ensionless: FN = g/ N2D
3
Pow er Num ber ( PN) , dim ensionless: PN = ( Pgc/ FD) ( N3D5)
4
Power Funct ion ( PF) , dim ensionless:
For RN > 300 and for unbaffled t anks,
log PF = log PN - ( a- log RN) ( log FN) / b
For RN < or = 300 for t anks wit h or wit hout baffles,
FP = PN
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
5
Relat ionships bet w een PF, PN, FN, RN for each im peller list ed in t he
I m peller Types t able are cont ained in t he AT agit at ed t ank m odel. Power is
derived from PN.
6
General Nom enclat ure
V a r ia ble
D e scr ipt ion
Va lue
a
im peller cont ant
See I m peller Types t able
b
im peller cont ant
See I m peller Types t able
D
im peller diam et er
FN
Froude Num ber
g
local accelerat ion due t o gravit y
gc
gravit at ional const ant
N
rot at ional speed of im peller
P
power t o shaft of im peller
PN
Power num ber
RN
Reynolds num ber
FD
fluid densit y
FV
fluid viscosit y
See Chapt er 29: Unit s of
Measure
2-21
I m pe lle r Type s - Ge n e r a l Ra n ge of Ba sic
Data* *
I m pe lle r
2-22
N o.
Type
Sym bol
1
T6FB
2
Re ynolds N um be r
Type
D/ d
Ba ffle s
Low H igh
L/ d
E/ d
Turbine wit h six 3
flat blades.
B= 0.25d;
Blade Height =
0.2d
2.7- 3.9
0.75- 1.3
1- 10
6
4
N o.
0.17
1
T6FB2
Sam e as No.1
3
2.7- 3.9
0.75- 1.3
1- 10 6
4
0.10
1
3
T6FB3
Sam e as No.1
3
2.7- 3.9
0.75- 1.3
1- 10 6
4
0.04
1
4*
T6FB4
Sam e as
No.1; a= 1,
b= 40
3
2.7- 3.9
0.75- 1.3
1- 10 6
0
-
1
5
T6CB
Turbine wit h six 3
curved blades.
Blade sizes
sam e as No.1
2.7- 3.9
0.75- 1.3
1.8- 10 6 4
0.10
1
6
T6AB
Turbine wit h six 3
arrowhead
blades. Blade
size sam e as
No.1
2.7- 3.9
0.75- 1.3
3- 10 6
4
0.10
1
7
STDR
2.4
Shrouded
t urbine wit h six
blades. 20
blade deflect or
ring.
0.74
0.9
20,000- 0
90,000
-
2
8
STDR2
Sim ilar t o No.7, 3
but not
ident ical.
2.7- 3.9
0.75- 1.3
2.5- 10 6 0
-
1
9
ST
Sam e as No.8, 3
but no deflect or
ring.
2.7- 3.9
0.75- 1.3
10- 10 6
4
0.10
1
10
AT8B45
Axial t urbine
wit h eight
blades at a 45
degree angle.
See No.11.
3
2.7- 3.9
0.75- 1.3
1.8- 10 6 4
0.10
1
11
AT4B60
Axial t urbine
wit h four
blades at a 60
degree angle.
B= 0.25d.
3
3
0.50
1560,000
-
3
-
B/ D
Re f
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
I m pe lle r Type s - Ge n e r a l Ra n ge of Ba sic D a t a * * - cont inued
I m pe lle r
Re ynolds N um be r
N o.
Type
Sym bol Type
D/ d
L/ d
E/ d
12
AT4B45
Axial t urbine
wit h four
blades at a 45
degree angle.
See No. 11
5.2
5.2
0.87
13
P4B
Paddle wit h
four blades.
3
3
14
P2B3
Paddle wit h t wo 3
blades. See
No.13.
15
MP3B2
Marine
propeller wit h
t hree blades.
Pit ch- 2d;
a= 1.7; b= 18.
16
MP3B5
17*
Ba ffle s
Low H igh
N o. B/ D
Re f
60040,000
0
-
3
0.50
200 70,000
0
-
3
2.7- 3.9
0.70- 1.3
2- 10 6
4
0.10
1
3.3
2.7- 3.9
0.75- 1.3
2.5- 10 6 0
-
1
Sam e as
No.15, but
pit ch= 1.05d;
a- 2.3; b= 18.
4.5
2.7- 3.9
0.75- 1.3
2.5- 10 6 0
-
1
MP3B6
Sam e as
No.15, but
pit ch= 1.04d;
a= 0; b= 18.
4.5
2.7- 3.9
0.75- 1.3
2.5- 10 6 0
-
1
18
MP3B7
Sam e as
No.15, but
pit ch= d
3
2.7- 3.9
0.75- 1.3
2.3- 10 6 4
0.10
1
19*
MP3B8
Sam e as
No.15, but
pit ch= d;
a= 2.1; b= 18.
3
2.7- 3.9
0.75- 1.3
2.5- 10 6 0
-
1
20
MP3B9
Sam e as
No.15, but
pit ch= d
3.8
3.5
1.0
3000
500,000
-
4
21
HRA
Helical ribbon.
Ribbon
widt h= d/
8.5; helical
screw= D/ 30.
1.05 1.5
-
0.7- 23
-
5
0
* Surface effect s are im port ant . Froude num ber is included for Reynolds
Num bers gr eat t han 300.
* * Syst em will perm it ext ension beyond t hese ranges. Please check your
result s.
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
2-23
I m pe lle r M a t e r ia ls
I f Com pon e n t
I m pe lle r M a t e r ia l
CLAD
Mat ch cladding
GLSCS
SS316 blades/ shaft
Ot her
Mat ch st eel
I m pe lle r Type Re fe r e n ce s
Re f
Re fe r e nce for I m pe lle r Type
1
Rusht on, J. H., E. Cost ich, and H. J. Everet t , Present ed at Annual Meet ing of
t he Am erican I nst it ut e of Chem ical Engineers, Det roit , 1947.
2
Olney, R. B., and G. J. Carlson, Chem ical Engineering Progress, 43, 473, 1947.
3
Hixson, S. Q., and S. J. Baum , I ndust rial and Engineering Chem ist ry, 34, 194,
1942.
4
St oops, C. E., and C. L. Lovell, I ndust rial and Engineering Chem ist ry, 35, 845,
1943.
5
Gray, J. B., Chem ical Engineering Progress, 59, 55, 1963.
Le ge nd for I m pe lle r s
Baffle widt h
Tank diam et er
I m peller diam et er
I m peller elevat ion
above t ank bot t om .
H - Tangent- t o- t angent
height of t ank.
L - Liquid level in t ank.
B
D
d
E
-
Mot or/ Reducer
12
I NCH
Min.
L
H
d
E
B
D
2-24
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
Ble n de r s ( BL)
Rot ary, bat ch, dry or sem i- dry solids, m ot or and speed reducer.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Rot ary drum .
BLEN D ER
For bat ch blending of dry or sem i- dry solids. I ncludes
m ot or and drive.
M a t e r ia l:
* CS* , SS
Ble nde r Volum e :
1 - 450 CF [ 0.03 - 12 M3]
Pr odu ct D e n sit y:
MAX: 200 PCF [ 3,200 KG/ M3] ;
Default : * 50* PCF [ * 800* KG/ M3]
D r ive r Spe e d:
Default : * 1,800* RPM
Rot ary double- cone.
.ROTARY
For bat ch blending of dry solids. I ncludes m ot or and
drive.
M a t e r ia l:
* CS* , SS316
Ble nde r Volum e :
5 - 350 CF [ 0.02 - 9 M3]
D r ive r Spe e d:
30 x Hz RPM
M a t e r ia l:
GSLCS
Ble nde r Volum e :
2 - 165 CF [ 0.06 - 2.5 M3]
D r ive r Spe e d:
30 x Hz RPM
Sanit ary ket t le blender wit hout agit at or.
KETTLE
Used for “ gent le” blending or folding of viscous
m ixt ures. Add agit at or separat ely.
I f you require a foundat ion for t his it em , it m ust be
added.
Liqu id Volu m e :
MI N: 50 GALLONS [ 0.19 M3] , MAX: 600 GALLONS
[ 0.19 M3]
- Cont inued on next page -
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
2-25
Ble n de r s ( BL) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
KETTLE - cont inued
Ope r a t ing Te m pe r a t u r e :
* 68 DEG F
[ 20 DEG C]
Cove r Type :
* LFTHG* - Lift- off or hinged cover
NONE- No cover required
Lift off cover t o 80 GAL [ 0.3 M3] , else hinged cover.
Ja ck e t opt ion :
* NO* - Jacket not required
YES- Jacket is required
M ou nt in g t ype :
* RI M* - Rim m ount ing
LEGS- Leg t ype m ount ing
Sanit ary rot ary bowl blender.
ROTARYBOW L
Consist s of a st ainless st eel drum wit h m ot or
drive m ount ed on a fram e. Used for wet or dry
m ixt ures.
I f you require a foundat ion for t his it em , it m ust
be added.
M a t e r ia l:
SS304, * SS316*
Liqu id Volu m e :
MI N: 25 GALLONS [ 0.1 M3] ,
MAX: 160 GALLONS [ 0.6 M3]
M ou n t in g t ype :
* FI XD* - Fixed t ype blender
PORT- Port able t ype blender on cast ers
2-26
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
Ble n de r s ( BL) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sanit ary, m ult i- shell, st aggered blender
M SH ELSTAG
Cont inuous, “ zig- zag” t ype blender com bines t he
act ion of a rot at ing, eccent ric drum wit h m ult iple
recycling. Used for eit her uniform solids- solids
blending ( e.g., blending vit am ins int o cereals) or, if
SOL- LI Q is select ed in t he Application field, solidsliquids blending ( e.g., coat ing food part icles wit h
sweet eners) . Solids are fed t hrough an inlet chut e. I f
SOL- LI Q is select ed, a dispersion head is included for
liquid inj ect ion.
Alt hough not included on t he input s, t his piece of
equipm ent eit her operat es at 50% ( recom m ended) or
at 100% of it s capacit y. When t he capacit y is specified,
t he syst em select s a m odel t hat can provide t he
capacit y while operat ing at 50% of t he m odel's rat ed
capacit y. However, if a diam et er is specified, t he
syst em provides t he rat ed capacit y in t he result s.
I f you require a foundat ion for t his it em , it m ust
be added.
M a t e r ia l: SS304, * SS316*
Flow r a t e :
MI N: 250.0 LB/ H [ 115.0 KG/ H] ,
MAX: 500,000.0 LB/ H [ 227,000.0 KG/ H] . Ent er
diam et er or capacit y. Capacit y lim it s are at default
densit y and residence t im e.
Ble nde r dia m e t e r :
MI N: 8 I NCHES [ 200 MM] , 40 I NCHES
[ 1,000 MM] .
Ble nde r t ype :
* SOL- SOL* - Solids- solids blending
SOL- LI Q- Solids- liquids blending
D r ive r t ype :
* WVRDC* - Washdown, VFD rat ed, direct
drive, CS
WVCDC- Washdown, VFD cont rolled, direct
drive, CS
Pr odu ct r e side n ce t im e :
MI N: 1.00 MI NUTES,
MAX: 3.00 MI NUTES, Default : * 1.50 MI NUTES*
Pr odu ct de n sit y:
MI N: 30.0 PCF [ 480.0 KG/ M3] ,
MAX: 300.0 PCF [ 4,800.0 KG/ M3} ; Default : * 40 PCF
[ 640 KG/ M3] .*
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
2-27
Kn e a de r s ( K)
Jacket , m ot or, m ot or reducer, cover, nozzles and agit at or.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
St at ionary, upright double- arm .
STATI ON ARY
M a t e r ia l:
* CS* , SS304, SS316, MONEL
Liqu id Volu m e :
100 - 750 GALLONS [ 0.4 t o 2.8 M3]
Tilt ing, double- arm .
TI LTI N G
M a t e r ia l:
* CS* , SS304, SS316, MONEL
Liqu id Volu m e :
10 - 500 GALLONS [ 0.5 t o 1.8 M3]
Vacuum , t ilt ing, double- arm .
VAC TI LTN G
M a t e r ia l:
* CS* , SS304, SS316, MONEL
Liqu id Volu m e :
10 - 500 GALLONS [ 0.5 t o 1.8 M3]
2-28
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
M ix e r s ( M X)
Typically used for keeping solids in suspension, for dissolving solids and for
m ixing and/ or react ing t wo or m ore feed st ream s.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Cylinder t ype ext ruder wit h variable drive.
EXTRUD ER
M a t e r ia l:
* CS*
D r ive r pow e r :
5 - 40 HP [ 4 - 30 KW]
D r ive r spe e d:
Max: 60 x HZ; Default : * 30 x HZ*
Ext ruder m uller t ype wit h open m ot or.
M ULLER EXT
M a t e r ia l:
* CS*
D r ive r Pow e r :
3 - 75 HP [ 2.22 - 55 KW]
D r ive r Spe e d:
Max: 60 x HZ; Default : * 30 x HZ*
Pan includes m ot or and drive.
PAN
M a t e r ia l:
* CS*
M ix e r Volu m e :
4 - 40 CF [ 0.2 - 1.1 M3]
D r ive r spe e d:
Max: 60 x HZ; Default : * 30 x HZ*
Port able propeller m ixer wit h m ot or t o 7.5 HP
[ 5.5 KW] .
I ncludes m ot or driver.
PORT PROP
M a t e r ia l:
* CS* , SS
D r ive r pow e r :
0.33 - 7.5 HP [ 0.75 - 5.5 KW]
Fixed propeller m ixer wit h m ot or and gear drive t o 100 FI X ED PROP
HP [ 75 KW] .
This it em is a t op ent ering m ixer including a gear
drive, TEFC m ot or, shaft and im peller.
M a t e r ia l:
* CS* , SS
D r ive r pow e r :
2 - 100 HP [ 1.5 - 75 KW]
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
2-29
M ix e r s ( M X) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sigm a double- arm non- vacuum m ixer wit h m ot or and SI GM A
drive.
M a t e r ia l:
* CS*
D r ive r pow e r :
3 - 100 HP [ 2.22 - 6.0 KW]
M ix e r Volu m e :
1 - 70 CF [ 0.05 - 1.9 M3]
D r ive r spe e d:
Max: 60 x HZ; Default : * 30 x HZ*
Spiral ribbon includes m ot or and drive.
SPI RAL RI B
M a t e r ia l:
* CS*
D r ive r pow e r :
5 - 50 HP [ 4 - 37.5 KW]
M ix e r Volu m e :
10 - 395 CF [ 0.3 - 11 M3]
D r ive r spe e d:
Max: 60 x HZ; Default : * 30 x HZ*
St at ic m ixer used for inst ant aneous m ixing of
t wo fluid st ream s.
STATI C
The unit includes t he m ain pipe housing, t he
m ixer elem ent s and t he flanges at bot h ends.
Pipe m a t e r ia l:
A 53, A 106, * 304P* , 304LP, 316P, 316LP, 316PS
( SS316 sanit ary pipe, MAX: 8 I NCHES [ 200 MM] ) ,
321P, NI , MONEL, I NCNL, TI
Flow t ype :
* TRNS* , TURB, LAMN, PLUG ( default for sanit ary
m at erial)
Pipe dia m e t e r :
0.5 - 12.0 I N DI AM [ 12 - 300 MM DI AM]
- Cont inued on next page -
2-30
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
M ix e r s ( M X) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
STATI C - cont inued
N ot e : For non- sanit ary m at erial, use any pipe
diam et er in t he above range; for sanit ary
m at erial, use only t he following:
I NCHES
MM
0.50
15
0.75
20
1.00
25
1.50
40
2.00
50
2.50
65
3.00
80
4.00
100
Ent er liquid flow rat e or diam et er and lengt h.
N u m be r of e le m e nt s:
Default varies wit h flow t ype.
Ele m e nt m a t e r ia l:
CS, SS, NI , MONEL, TI , HAST, HASTC, PD; Default :
* SS304*
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e I nle t :
* 68.0* DEG F [ * 20.0* DEG C]
Fluid de nsit y:
* 62.4* PCF [ * 300* KG/ M3]
Fluid viscosit y:
* 1.0* CPOI SE [ * 1.0* MPA- S]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e I n le t :
15.0 PSI G [ 100 KPA]
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
2-31
M ix e r s ( M X) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Two roll includes m ot or and drive.
TW O ROLL
M a t e r ia l:
* CS*
D r ive r pow e r :
50 - 300 HP [ 37.5 - 224 KW]
D r ive r spe e d:
Max: 60 x HZ; Default : * 30 x HZ*
Sanit ary high- speed Norm an- t ype m ixer
H I GH SPEED
For dissolving solids or sem i- solids. Pulls product from
t he t op cent er of t he square t ank ( shape ensures
com plet e hydrat ion) down t o t he high- speed im peller,
which forces it out t o t he side of t he t ank and back up
t o t he surface.
I f you require a foundat ion for t his it em , it m ust be
added.
M a t e r ia l:
SS304, * SS316*
Liqu id Volu m e :
MI N: 50 GALLONS [ 0.19 M3] ,
MAX: 300 GALLONS [ 1.13 M3]
I m pe lle r t ype :
FRZN- Frozen food m ixing
* NFRZ* - Non- frozen food m ixing
D r ive r t ype :
* WXXBC* - Washdown, belt drive, CS
WVRBC- Washdown, VFD rat ed, belt drive,
CS
WVCBC- Washdown, VFD cont rolled, belt
drive, CS
Sanit ary ribbon blender
RI BBON
Provides m eans for m ixing, hom ogenizing, and
drying a wide variet y of product s. I ncludes base
unit , direct drive m ot or, j acket , and st ainless
st eel legs. Cover has four safet y int erlock
sensors, as w ell as a m anual cont rol ball valve
for air supply. For sanit ary reasons, m at erial of
const ruct ion is st ainless st eel ( carbon st eel m ay
be specified for legs) .
I f you require a foundat ion for t his it em , it m ust be
added.
- Cont inued on next page -
2-32
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
M ix e r s ( M X) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
RI BBON - cont inued
M a t e r ia l:
SS304, * SS316*
Ble nde r t ype :
* 1SHAFT* - Single shaft blender
2SHAFT - Twin shaft blender ( available only for
capacit ies of 500 - 750 GALLONS [ 1.9 - 2.85 M3]
Liquid volum e :
MI N: 10 GALLONS [ 0.038 M3] ,
MAX: 3,800 GALLONS [ 14.3 M3]
D r ive r pow e r pe r sha ft :
MI N: 1 HP [ 0.75 KW] ,
MAX: 150 HP [ 112 KW]
For t win shaft t ype, t his is t he driver power for each
shaft .
D r ive r t ype :
* WXXDC* - Washdown, direct drive, CS
WVCDC- Washdown, VFD cont rolled,
direct drive, CS
WXXI C- Washdown, indirect drive, CS
WVCI C- Washdown, VFD cont rol, indirect
drive, CS
HXXCZ- Hydraulic drive wit h hydraulic
syst em ( available for t win shaft
only)
No indirect drivers < 180 GALLONS [ 0.68 M3] or < 7.5
HP [ 5.5KW]
Cove r t ype :
NONE- Cover not required
STD- St andard cover is required
LCHTS- Load chut e for t win shaft blender only
Default : STD for t win shaft , NONE for single shaft
Ja ck e t opt ion :
NO- Jacket not required
* YES* - Jacket required
Not applicable for t win shaft blender t ype.
Le g m a t e r ia l:
CS- Carbon st eel
* SS* - St ainless st eel
Not applicable for t win shaft blender t ype.
Se a l for sha ft :
* STD* - St andard shaft seal
MECO- Clean- I n- Place st eam proof seal
Applicable for t win shaft only
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
2-33
M ix e r s ( M X) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
RI BBON - cont inued
Ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t ur e :
MI N: 68 DEG F [ 20 DEG C]
PI STON H OM
Sanit ary pist on- t ype hom ogenizer
Hom ogenizing valve em ploys cavit at ion, shear,
and im pingem ent forces t o reduce gobule/
part icle size as t he product passes t hrough it .
Mat erial is SS316 for sanit ary reasons.
I f you require a foundat ion for t his it em , it m ust
be added.
Liqu id flow r a t e pe r h ou r :
MI N: 15 GPH [ 0.057 M3/ H] ,
MAX: 9,900 GPH [ 37.4 M3/ H] @ 2000 PSI G
[ 13800 KPA] , 2000 GPH ( 7.5 M3/ H) @ 10, 000
PSI G [ 68,900 KPA]
D r ive r pow e r :
MI N: 3 HP [ 2.22 KW] ,
MAX: 250 HP [ 180 KW]
Plunge r dia m e t e r :
MI N: 0.625 I NCHES [ 16 MM] ,
MAX: 3.5 I NCHES [ 90 KW] . Maxim um is
influenced by capacit y and gauge pressure ( see
t able below) . Required: ent er eit her plunger
diam et er or gauge pressure.
Plu nge r D ia m e t e r
Ca pa cit y
@ 2 0 0 0 PSI G
[ 1 3 8 0 0 KPA]
Ga u ge
Pr e ssu r e
@ 1 0 0 0 0 PSI G
[ 6 8 9 0 0 KPA]
Ga u ge
Pr e ssur e
GPH
M 3 / H I N CH ES M M
I N CH ES M M
15
.057
0.625
2000
7.5
6000
22.7
3.5 2
90 2
----
----
9000
37.4
3.125 3
80 3
----
----
0.625
----
16
----
1.5
1
16
40 1
1 Maxim um capacit y at highest m axim um operat ing pressure
2 Maxim um diam et er
3 Maxim um capacit y at lowest m axim um operat ing pressure
Ope r a t ing ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
MI N: 2,000 PSI G [ 13,800 KPA] , 10,000 PSI G
[ 68,900 KPA]
Re qu ir e d: ent er eit her plunger diam et er or
gauge pressure.
2-34
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
M ix e r s ( M X) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
I tem
Sanit ary shear pum p hom ogenizer.
SH EAR H OM
For cont inuous, in- line and cont rolled bat ch
course processing. Mat erial of const ruct ion is
SS316 for sanit ary reasons.
Liquid flow r a t e :
MI N: 10 GPM [ 0.64 L/ S] ,
MAX: 575 GPM [ 36.0 L/ S]
Coole r opt ion :
* NONE* - No cooler is required
COOL- Cooler is required
D r ive r pow e r :
MI N: 7.5 HP [ 4.0 KW] ,
MAX: 100 HP [ 75 KW]
D r ive r t ype :
TVRZC- TEFC, VFD rat ed, CS
* TVCZC* - TEFC, VFD cont rolled, CS
N u m be r of st a ge s:
* 1* , MI N: 1, MAX: 3
The shear pum p hom ogenizer is provided wit h 3
st ages; however, if only 1 or 2 st ages are required,
t hen t he ot her st ages are blocked.
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
2-35
2-36
2 Agit a t or s ( G6 )
3 Com pr e ssor s
( G6 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
Air Com pressors ( AC)
Gas Com pressors ( GC)
Fans, Blowers ( FN)
3 Com pr e ssor s ( G6 )
3-1
Air Com pr e ssor s ( AC)
For plant or inst rum ent air.
For all air com pressors, capacit y is at inlet t em perat ure and pr essure.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Packaged unit including m ot or driver.
CEN TRI F M
I ncludes inlet air filt er, inlet t hrot t le valve, bypass
t hrot t le valve, bypass silencer, com pressor* ,
int ercoolers* * , aft ercooler, aut om at ic condensat e
rem oval syst em wit h condensat e bypass valve, lube oil
syst em , cont inuous baseplat e, spacer coupling and
guard, induct ion m ot or, vibrat ion shut down syst em ,
prot ect ion and regulat ion syst em , com pressor
m echanical t est run and check valve.
* The nom inal 110 PSI G discharge m achines have four
st ages of com pression. The nom inal 325 PSI G
discharge m achines have five st ages of com pression.
* * The four st age m achines have t hree int ercoolers.
The five st age m achines have four int ercoolers.
M a t e r ia l:
* CS* , CI ( Cast iron)
Act ua l ga s flow r a t e :
1,000 - 25,000 CFM [ 1,700 - 42,400 M3/ H]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e Ou t le t :
15 - 325 PSI G [ 104 - 2,258 KPA]
- Cont inued on next page -
3-2
3 Com pr e ssor s ( G6 )
Air Com pr e ssor s ( AC) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
CEN TRI F M - cont inued
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e I nle t :
- 50 - 200 DEG F [ - 45 - 90 DEG C] ;
D e fa u lt :
* 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e I n le t :
Default : * 0* PSI G [ * 0* KPA]
Packaged unit including t urbine driver.
CEN TRI F T
I ncludes t he sam e it em s as CEN TRI F M except
t he com pressor driver is a st eam t urbine inst ead
of AC induct ion m ot or.
M a t e r ia l:
* CS* , CI ( Cast iron)
Act ua l ga s flow r a t e :
1000 - 25000 CFM [ 1,700 - 42,400 M3/ H]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e Ou t le t :
15 - 325 PSI G [ 105 - 2,240 KPA]
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e I nle t :
- 50 - 200 DEG F [ - 45 - 90 DEG C] ;
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e I n le t :
Default : * 0* PSI G [ * 0* KPA]
RECI P GAS
I nt egral gasoline engine driver, base plat e, coupling,
reciprocat ing gas com pressor for com pression of large
volum es of air t o high pressure, less coolers, filt ers,
condensat e rem oval ( not a packaged unit ) .
M a t e r ia l: * CS*
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e Ou t le t :
Max: 6,000 PSI G [ 41,300 KPA]
D r ive r pow e r :
100 - 10000 HP [ 75 - 7100 KW]
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e I nle t :
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e I n le t :
Default : * 0* PSI G [ * 0* KPA]
3 Com pr e ssor s ( G6 )
3-3
Air Com pr e ssor s ( AC) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Mot or driven reciprocat ing gas com pressor, wit h
speed reducer, pulsat ion dam pers for
com pression of large volum es of air t o high
pressure, less coolers, filt ers, condensat e
rem oval ( not a packaged unit ) .
Type
RECI P M OTR
M a t e r ia l: * CS*
D e sign ga u ge Pr e ssur e Ou t le t :
Max: 6,000 PSI G [ 41,300 KPA]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e I n le t :
Min: > 0 PSI G
D r ive r Pow e r :
Max: 15,000 HP [ 11,000 KW]
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e I nle t :
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
SI N GLE 1 S
Single st age, non- lubricat ed, packaged
reciprocat ing com pressor for oil- free air; includes
m ot or and drive, coupling, base plat e, cooler.
M a t e r ia l:
* CS*
Act ua l ga s flow r a t e :
75 - 1,100 CFM [ 130 - 1,850 M3/ H]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e Ou t le t :
90 - 150 PSI G [ 620 - 1,000 KPA]
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e I nle t :
- 50 - 200 DEG F [ - 45 - 90 DEG C] ;
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e I n le t :
Default : * 0* PSI G [ * 0* KPA]
Tw o st age, non- lubricat ed, packaged
reciprocat ing air com pr essor for oil- fr ee air;
includes m ot or and drive, coupling, base plat e,
and cooler.
SI N GLE 2 S
M a t e r ia l:
* CS*
Act ua l ga s flow r a t e :
80 - 700 CFM [ 140 - 1,150 M3/ H]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e Ou t le t :
150 - 500 PSI G [ 1,040 - 3,400 KPA]
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e I nle t :
- 50 - 200 DEC F [ - 45 - 90 DEG C] ;
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* KPA]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e I n le t :
Default : * 0* PSI G [ * 0* KPA]
3-4
3 Com pr e ssor s ( G6 )
Ga s Com pr e ssor s ( GC)
For process gas st ream s:
°
Cent rifugal ( m ot or, t urbine, gasoline engine, no driver)
°
Reciprocat ing ( m ot or, t urbine, no driver) - wit h gear reducer, couplings,
guards, base plat e, com pressor unit , fit t ings, int erconnect ing piping,
vendo- supplied inst rum ent s, lube/ seal syst em ; less int ercoolers and
int erst age knock- out drum s.
For all gas com pressors, capacit y is at inlet t em perat ure and pressure.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Axial ( inline) cent rifugal gas com pressor wit h driver
( m ot or, t urbine or gasoline driven engine) ; excluding
int ercoolers and knock- out drum s.
CEN TRI F
Ca sing m a t e r ia l:
See “ Cast ing Mat erials” in Chapt er 28 for
a com plet e list of m at erials. Default : * CS* .
Act ua l ga s flow r a t e I nle t :
60 - 200000 CFM [ 102 - 339000 M3/ H]
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e I nle t :
- 200 - 200 DEG F [ - 125 - 90 DEG C] ;
Default - * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e Ou t le t :
Max: 3050 PSI G [ 21130 KPA]
M ole cula r w e ight :
Default : * 29*
Spe cific he a t r a t io:
Default : * 1.4*
Com pr e ssibilit y fa ct or I nle t :
Default : * 1*
Com pr e ssibilit y fa ct or Out le t :
Default : * 1*
M a x im u m int e r st a ge t e m pe r a t ur e :
Specify t he m axim um t em perat ure reached during
com pression before int er- cooling.
Max: 400 DEG F [ 200 DEG C] ; Default : * 350* DEG F
[ * 175* DEG C]
I n t e r coole r ou t le t Te m pe r a t u r e :
Specify t he int erst age inlet t em perat ure aft er cooling.
- 50 - 150 DEG F [ - 45 - 65 DEG C] ; Default : * 90* DEG
F [ * 30* DEG C]
- Cont inued on next page -
3 Com pr e ssor s ( G6 )
3-5
Ga s Com pr e ssor s ( GC) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
CEN TRI F - cont inued
D r ive r t ype :
Default : * MOTOR*
NONE - No driver
GAS ENGI NE - Gas engine driver
MOTOR - Mot or driver
TURBI NE - Turbine driver
Tu r bin e ga uge pr e ssu r e :
Max: 1,600 PSI G [ 11,000 KPA] ;
D e fa u lt :
* 300* PSI G [ * 2050 KPA]
Ge a r r e duce r t ype :
Default : gear reducer included if driver t ype specified;
ot herwise none.
YES - Gear reducer required
NO - No gear reducer
Lube oil syst e m :
Default : * YES*
YES - Lube syst em required
NO - No lube oil syst em
CEN TRI F I G
I nt egral gear cent rifugal gas com pressor wit h
driver ( m ot or, t urbine or gasoline engine) , scrolls
( int er- st age piping) , bull gear, coupling, guard;
m ay include lube oil syst em , int ercoolers,
aft ercooler: excludes filt er and silencer s.
Ca sing m a t e r ia l:
See “ Cast ing Mat erials” in Chapt er 28 for a
com plet e list of m at erials. Default : * CS* .
Act ua l ga s flow r a t e I nle t :
500 - 70,000 CFM [ 850 - 118,900 M3/ H]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e I n le t :
- 0.4 - 100 PSI G [ - 2.7 - 689 KPA] ;
Default : * 0.0* PSI G [ * 0.0* KPA]
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e I nle t :
32 - 200 DEG F [ 0 - 90 DEG C] ;
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e Ou t le t :
Max: 200 PSI G [ 1480 KPA]
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e Out le t :
- 200 - 200 DEG F [ - 125 - 90 DEG C]
N u m be r of im pe lle r s:
2 - 4
- Cont inued on next page -
3-6
3 Com pr e ssor s ( G6 )
Ga s Com pr e ssor s ( GC) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
CEN TRI F I G - cont inued
Ga s t ype opt ion :
Set s default gas propert ies and m akes adj ust m ent s for
explosive gases.
Default : * AI R* .
AI R - Air
O2GAS - Oxygen
N2GAS - Nit rogen
ARGAS - Argon
FLGAS - Flam m able gas
NONFL - Non- flam m able gas
M ole cula r w e ight :
Default based on chosen gas t ype.
Spe cific he a t r a t io:
Default based on chosen gas t ype.
Com pr e ssibilit y fa ct or I nle t :
Default : * 1.0* .
Com pr e ssibilit y fa ct or Out le t :
Default : * 1.0* .
I n t e r coole r r e quir e d:
Default : * YES*
YES - Cooler required
NO - None required
Aft e r coole r Re quir e d:
Default : * NO* .
YES - Cooler required
NO - None required
M a x im u m int e r st a ge t e m pe r a t ur e :
Specify t he m axim um t em perat ure reached during
com pression before int er- cooling.
Max: 400 DEG F [ 200 DEG C] .
I n t e r coole r ou t le t t e m pe r a t u r e :
The int erst age inlet t em perat ure aft er int ercooling.
- 5- - 150 DEG F [ - 45 - 65 DEG C] ;
Default : * 90* DEG F [ * 30* DEG C] .
D r ive r t ype :
Default : * MOTOR*
NONE - No driver
GAS ENGI NE - Gas engine driver
MOTOR- Mot or driver
TURBI NE- Turbine driver
- Cont inued on next page -
3 Com pr e ssor s ( G6 )
3-7
Ga s Com pr e ssor s ( GC) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
I tem
CEN TRI F I G - cont inued
Tu r bin e ga uge pr e ssu r e :
Max: 1,600 PSI G [ 11,000 KPA] ;
Default : * 300* PSI G [ * 2,050* KPA] .
Lube oil syst e m :
Default : * YES*
YES- Lube syst em required
NO- No lube oil syst em
Shop a sse m bly opt ion :
Part ial assem bly denot es m ult iple
skids field connect ed wit her int ercoolers.
D e fa u lt :
* FULL* .
FULL- Full shop assem bly
PART- Part shop assem bly
NONE- No shop assem bly
Mot or or t urbine- driven reciprocat ing process gas
com pressor. I ncludes m ot or, gear reducer and
pulsat ion dam pers. Does not include int ercoolers or
aft ercoolers.
RECI P M OTR
Act ua l ga s flow r a t e I nle t :
Max: 200,000 CFM [ 339,000 M3/ H]
I n le t Te m pe r a t u r e :
- 200 - 200 DEG F [ - 125 - 90 DEG C] ;
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e Ou t le t :
Max: 6,000 PSI G [ 41,000 KPA]
M ole cula r w e ight :
Default : * 30*
Spe cific he a t r a t io:
Default : * 1.22*
M a x im u m int e r st a ge t e m pe r a t ur e :
Specify t he m axim um t em perat ure
reached during com pression before int er- cooling.
M a x : 400 DEG F [ 200 DEG C] ;
D e fa u lt : * 270* DEG F
[ 135 DEG C] .
- Cont inued on next page -
3-8
3 Com pr e ssor s ( G6 )
Ga s Com pr e ssor s ( GC) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
RECI P M OTR - cont inued
I n t e r coole r ou t le t t e m pe r a t u r e :
The int erst age inlet t em perat ure aft er
int ercooling. - 50 - 150 DEG F
[ - 45 - 65 DEG C] ;
D e fa u lt :
* 95* DEG F [ * 35* DEG C] .
D r ive r Type :
Default : * MOTOR*
NONE- No driver
MOTOR- Mot or driver
TURBI NE- Turbine driver
Tu r bin e Pr e ss. - Ga u ge :
Max: 1,600 PSI G [ 11,000 KPA] ;
Default : * 300* PSI G [ * 2,050* KPA]
Ge a r Re du ce r Sym bol:
Default : gear reducer included if driver t ype specified,
ot herwise none.
YES- Gear reducer required
NO- No gear reducer
Lube Oil Syst e m :
Default : * YES*
YES- Lube syst em required
NO- No lube oil syst em
Reciprocat ing gasoline engine drive includes int egral
gas engine driver, gear reducer, baseplat e, coupling,
int erst age pot s and coolers.
RECI P GAS
M a t e r ia l:
* CS*
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e Ou t le t :
Max: 6,000 PSI G [ 4,100 KPA]
D r ive r pow e r :
Min: 100 HP;
Max: 10,000 HP
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e inle t :
Default : * 68* DEC F [ * 20* DEG C]
3 Com pr e ssor s ( G6 )
3-9
Fa n s, Blow e r s ( FN )
The dist inct ion bet ween t he t erm s fan, blower and com pressor is confusing;
however, a dist inct ion m ay be m ade based upon t he m echanical const ruct ion
of t he m achine and t he pr essure rise from inlet t o out let produced by t he
m achine.
The Air Moving and Condit ioning Associat ion, I ncorporat ed ( AMCA) has m ade
12.25 I NCHES of wat er pr essure rise t he cut- off bet w een fans and blowers.
Assum ing an inlet pressure of 0 PSI G, a 12.25 I NCHES of wat er pr essure rise
corresponds t o a com pression rat io of 1.3. Machinery used for com pression
rat ios great er t han 1.03 are called blowers or com pressors. A pressure of
12.25 I NCHES of wat er corresponds t o 0.44 PSI G. I t is com m on pract ice,
however, t o call any cent rifugal gas- m oving m achine a fan if it s const ruct ion is
of sheet m et al and t he rot at ing elem ent is wheel rat her t han an im peller.
Single- st age fans are m ade wit h pressure rises of 50 I NCHES of wat er, and
t w o- st age fans wit h pressure rises up t o 100 I NCHES of wat er. Cent rifugal
blowers ( or t urbo- blowers) are prim arily of cast iron const ruct ion and t he
rot at ing elem ent is an im peller. Cent rifugal blowers norm ally produce pressure
rises in t he range of 1 t o 40 PSI . Cent rifugal blowers m ay be single- ( one
im peller) or m ult i- st age ( t wo or m ore im pellers) . A gas- m oving m achine t hat
produces a pressure rise of m ore t han 40 PSI is called a com pressor. Anot her
difference bet ween com pressors and blowers is t hat t he
design pressure of a blower is never m ore t han 100 PSI G, while com pressors
are frequent ly designed for m ore t han 100 PSI G. I t should be not ed, however,
t hat in t he range of 1 t o 40 PSI pr essure rise wit h a design pressure less t han
100 PSI G, t he t erm s are used int erchangeably.
Wit h driver, list ed in ascending capacit y.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Single or m ult i- st age cent rifugal t urbo blower.
Heavy dut y, low noise blower. For m oving up t o
150,000 CFM of air or ot her gas t hrough a
syst em wit h a pressure dr op from 1 t o 10 PSI .
Typical applicat ions include: supplying air t o
wast ewat er t reat m ent plant aerat ion basins;
supplying air t o blast furnaces, cupolas and
convert ers; pneum at ic conveying and supplying
com bust ion air. This it em is a cent rifugal t urbo
blower.
CEN T TURBO
M a t e r ia l:
* CS*
Act ua l ga s flow r a t e :
100 - 40,000 CFM [ 170 - 67,950 M3/ H]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e Ou t le t :
0.5 - 30.0 PSI G [ 3.5 - 205 KPA]
Spe e d:
900 - 3,600 RPM
3-10
3 Com pr e ssor s ( G6 )
Fa n s, Blow e r s ( FN ) - cont inued
3 Com pr e ssor s ( G6 )
3-11
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Cent rifugal fan.
CEN TRI F
Applicat ions include: pulling a gas st ream t hrough a
baghouse, supplying com bust ion air t o boilers and
furnaces, boost ing t he pressure of t he com bust ion
gases from a boiler t o push t he gasses up t he boiler
st ack, pneum at ic conveying, solids drying and
classifying and vent ilat ion.
Cent rifugal fans are used t o m ove gas t hrough a low
pressure drop syst em . The m axim um pressure rise
across a cent rifugal fan is about 2 PSI . The m ost
t ypical m at erials of const ruct ion are carbon st eel sheet
or plat e casing, alum inum or carbon st eel wheel ( or
im peller) and carbon st eel shaft . Fans m ay be
fabricat ed from a variet y of ot her m at erials such as
st ainless st eel and FRP. Cent rifugal fans are classified
according t o t he design of t he wheel. The different
wheels are: radial blade t ype, forward- curved,
backward- curved, backward- inclined and airfoil.
Cent rifugal fans are m anufact ured in sizes t hat range
from less t han 100 CFM t o 1,000,000 CFM.
M a t e r ia l:
* CS*
Act ua l ga s flow r a t e :
700 - 900,000 CFM [ 1,200 - 1,529,000 M3/ H]
Not e: Max flowrat e for St andard dut y = 150,000 CFM
[ 254,850 M3/ H]
Min flowrat e for Heavy dut y = 50,000 CFM [ 84,950
M3/ H]
Fa n out le t ga uge pr e ssur e :
0 - 15 I N H2O [ 0 - 3,700 PA] ;
D e fa u lt :
* 6* I N H2O [ * 1,500* PA]
Applica t ion :
* STD - Max flowrat e 150,000 CFM [ 254,850 M3/ H]
HVY - Min flowrat e 50,000 CFM [ 84,950 M3/ H]
N ot e : I f you leave t he Applica t ion field blank:
• I f t he input flow rat e is < 150,000 CFM, t he syst em
est im at es a st andard dut y fan.
• I f t he input flow rat e is = > 150,000 CFM, t he
syst em est im at es a heavy dut y fan.
D r ive r t ype :
* MOTOR
VFD
TURBI NE
NONE
N ot e : For MOTOR or VFD, elect rical bulks for t he
m ot or hookup are generat ed. For TURBI NE, addit ional
lines and loops for t he t urbine are generat ed. For
NONE, Driver cost = 0 and no elect rical bulks for
hookup are generat ed.
3-12
3 Com pr e ssor s ( G6 )
Fa n s, Blow e r s ( FN ) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Propeller fan.
PROPELLER
M a t e r ia l:
* CS*
Act ua l ga s flow r a t e :
1,000 - 15,000 CFM [ 1,700 - 25,400 M3/ H]
Rot ary blower.
This general purpose blower includes inlet and
discharge silencers. Applicat ions include: pneum at ic
conveying, com bust ion air, exhaust ing vapors,
inst rum ent air and aerat ion of fluids.
ROT BLOW ER
A rot ary blower is a posit ive displacem ent m achine.
That is, a const ant volum e of inlet air ( or ot her gas) is
com pressed regardless of any changes in t he
discharge pressure required by t he syst em . The rot ary
blower m oves air in t he following m anner. Two figure
eight shaped im pellers are m ount ed on parallel shaft s
inside a casing and rot at e in opposit e direct ions. As
each im peller passes t he blower inlet a volum e of gas
is t rapped, carried t hrough t o t he blower discharge
and expelled against t he discharge pressure. The
casing of t he rot ary blower is cast iron and t he
im pellers are duct ile iron. Rot ary blowers are
m anufact ured in st andard sizes.
M a t e r ia l:
* CS*
Act ua l ga s flow r a t e :
100 - 4,000 CFM [ 170 - 6,700 M3/ H]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e Ou t le t :
2 - 15 PSI G [ 15 - 100 KPA] ;
Default : * 8* PSI G [ * 55* KPA]
Spe e d: 900 - 3,600 RPM
3 Com pr e ssor s ( G6 )
3-13
Fa n s, Blow e r s ( FN ) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Vaneaxial fan.
VAN EAXI AL
M a t e r ia l:
* CS*
Act ua l ga s flow r a t e :
2,300 - 45,000 CFM [ 3.950 - 76,450 M3/ H]
3-14
3 Com pr e ssor s ( G6 )
4 D r ive r s
( G1 1 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
Elect r ical Mot ors ( MOT)
Pow er Level
St andard Mot or Sizes
Synchronous Mot or Speeds ( RPM)
Turbines ( TUR)
4 D r ive r s ( G1 1 )
4-1
Ele ct r ica l M ot or s ( M OT)
Elect r ical m ot or s serve as t he prim ar y m eans of dr iving t he rot at ing
equipm ent , for exam ple, pum ps, com pressors and fans.
Mot ors are built in a wide range of enclosure t ypes, rot at ing speeds and
horsepowers. Select ion of a part icular m ot or warrant s careful considerat ion of
t he m ot or ’s applicat ion. The considerat ions at t he sit e ( t em perat ure, air- borne
part icles, m oist ure, oil vapor, dust , abrasive or conduct ing part icles, corrosive
fum es or explosive gases) , and t he specific use of a m ot or ( e.g., pum p,
com pressor or crusher driver) det erm ine t he hazards involved and t he
prot ect ive m easures r equired for safe operat ion. These considerat ions led t o
m ot or classificat ion by enclosure t ypes.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
St andard open drip- proof m ot ors wit h vent openings
for indoor service:
OPEN
D r ive r Pow e r :
0.75 - 50,000 HP [ 0.75 - 37,000 KW]
En closu r e Type :
Default : * STD*
STD - St andard indoor service ( open drip- proof wit h
vent openings)
W PI - Norm al out door service ( weat herprot ect ed ( rain, snow, air- borne part icles)
W PI I - Severe out door service ( out side
weat her- prot ect ed service)
- Cont inued on next page -
4-2
4 D r ive r s ( G1 1 )
Ele ct r ica l M ot or s ( M OT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
OPEN - cont inued
D r ive r Type :
Default : * STD*
STD - St andard m ot or
VFD - Variable frequency drive
Spe e d:
Range: ( 15 x HZ) - ( 60 x HZ) RPM; Default : *
( 30 x HZ) * RPM
Synchronous m ot ors wit h high efficiency at low speed
for large HP [ KW] requirem ent s, reciprocat ing
SYN CH RON
com pressors, pum p com pressors, pum ps,
crushers and m ixers.
D r ive r Pow e r :
200 - 20,000 HP [ 150 - 15,000 KW]
En closu r e Type :
Default : Wat er cooled if great er t han 8,000 HP
[ 6,000] , else st andard.
STD - St andard out door service
W PI - Norm al out door service
W PI I - Severe out door service
TEW AC- Wat er cooled
Spe e d:
Range: ( 3.7 x HZ) - ( 30 x HZ) RPM; Default : *
( 30 x HZ) * RPM
Tot ally- enclosed fan- cooled m ot ors ( TEFC)
EN CLOSED
The TEFC m ot or is especially suit able for out door use
involving severe environm ent al condit ions. I t can also
wit hst and severe operat ing condit ions ( heat , lint and
dirt ) when used indoors.
The TEFC is a t ot ally enclosed m achine const ruct ed t o
prohibit t he exchange of air bet ween t he inside and
out side of t he casing. I t is cooled by m eans of a fan
int egral wit h t he m achine but ext ernal t o t he elect ric
part s. TEFC m ot ors are available from 1 - 500 HP. For
severe service condit ions requiring up t o 200 HP, TEFC
m ot ors are less cost ly and provide bet t er prot ect ion
t han weat her- prot ect ed m ot ors. Except for som e
specially designed enclosures, t he TEFC m ot or
provides t he best prot ect ion against m oist ure,
corrosive vapors, dust and dirt .
- Cont inued on next page -
4 D r ive r s ( G1 1 )
4-3
Ele ct r ica l M ot or s ( M OT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
EN CLOSED - cont inued
D r ive r Pow e r :
0.75 - 10,000 HP [ 0.75 - 7,100 KW]
D r ive r Type :
Default : Wat er cooled ( TEWAC) if great er t han
300 HP [ 224 KW] , else fan cooled ( TEFC) .
STD - St andard m ot or
VFD - Variable frequency drive
Spe e d:
Range: ( 20 x HZ) - ( 60 x HZ) RPM; Default : * ( 30 x
HZ) * RPM.
Explosion- proof m ot ors for Class I Division 1
hazardous use.
EXP PROOF
Explosion- proof m ot ors are required when t he locat ion
of t he m ot or is classified according t o t he NEC
( Nat ional Elect rical Code) as a Class I , Division 1,
Hazardous Area. Class I represent s an area cont aining
flam m able gases or vapors and Division 1 specifies
t hat hazardous at m ospheres can occur under norm al
operat ion condit ions. The source of a hazardous
at m osphere is generally leakage from process
equipm ent ( e.g., pum ps or com pressors) handling
com bust ible volat ile liquids or com bust ible gases.
An explosion- proof m ot or is basically a TEFC m ot or
wit h heavier const ruct ion and m ore careful m achining.
An explosion- proof m ot or has an enclosure designed
t o wit hst and t he explosion of a gas or vapor occurring
wit hin it and t o prevent t he ignit ion of t he at m osphere
surrounding t he m achine by sparks, flashes or
explosions from wit hin. Explosion proof m ot ors are
available up t o 3,000 HP at 3,600 RPM.
D r ive r Pow e r :
0.75 - 4,000 HP [ 0.75 - 2,800 KW]
D r ive r Type :
D e fa u lt : * STD*
STD - St andard m ot or
VFD - Variable frequency drive
Spe e d:
Range: ( 20 x HZ) - ( 30 x HZ) RPM; Default : * ( 30 x
HZ) * RPM.
4-4
4 D r ive r s ( G1 1 )
Ele ct r ica l M ot or s ( M OT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
TEFC m ot or int egral wit h variable speed drive.
I ncludes handwheel cont rol of sheaves wit h a built- in
indicat or and TEFC m ot or as an int egral part of t he
unit .
VARY SPEED
This com ponent is used when t here is an opt im um
speed at which t o run a process m achine ( e.g., pum ps,
fans, m ixers, dryers and crushers) .
A m echanical speed drive perm it s t he adj ust m ent of
out put speed by m echanical m eans ( m anually
adj ust ed) . The m ot or speed ( input speed) is geared
down by a syst em of pulleys t o supply lower shaft
speeds ( out put speed) t o process equipm ent . Available
out put speeds range from approxim at ely 5 - 4,000
RPM. Pulley rat ios of input t o out put speeds range
from 2: 1 t hrough 10: 1. Mechanical variable speed
drives t ypically range from 0.5 t o 50 HP. Speed
adj ust m ent can be eit her m anual, by t urning a
handle, or aut om at ic. Alt hough t he m echanical
variable speed m ot or provides high efficiency
over t he ent ire speed range, it does not supply a
high degree of accuracy in speed regulat ion.
( Variable frequency driver available wit h OPEN ,
EN CLOSED, EXP PROOF.)
Low Spe e d:
( .09 x HZ) - ( 9.6 x HZ) RPM
H igh Spe e d:
( 1.4 x HZ) - ( 58 x HZ) RPM
D r ive r Pow e r :
0.5 - 400 HP [ 0.75 - 300 KW]
4 D r ive r s ( G1 1 )
4-5
Pow e r Le ve l
Pow er is supplied t o a m ot or at a volt age level as follows.
Volt a ge Le ve l ( 3 Ph a se Se r vice )
M ot or Size
US Count r y Ba se UK Count r y Ba se
Less t han 1 HP [ 0.75 KW]
110 V
240v
1 HP t o under MDP ( * 200* HP)
[ .75 KW t o under MDP ( * 150* KW) ]
Low Volt age
* 230/ 480* V
Low Volt age
* 415* V
MDP ( * 200* HP) t o 4,000 HP
[ MDP ( * 150* KW) t o 3,000 KW]
4,160 V
3,300 V
Great er t han 4,000 HP [ 3,000 KW]
13,800 V
11,000 V
Frequency
60 Hertz
50 Hertz
10000 - 37000 KW: I ncrem ent s of
1000 KW
4-6
4 D r ive r s ( G1 1 )
St a n da r d M ot or Size s
HP
0.125
0.25
0.333
0.5
0.75
1
1.5
2
3
5
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
75
100
125
150
200
KW
0.75
1.11
1.50
2.22
3.0
4.0
5.5
7.5
11.0
15.0
18.5
22.0
30.0
37.5
45.0
55.0
75.0
80
80
85
95
100
106
112
118
125
132
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
212
224
236
250
265
280
300
315
335
375
400
425
450
475
500
530
560
560
600
630
670
710
750
800
900
1000
1120
1250
1400
1600
1800
2000
2240
2500
2500
2800
3150
3550
4000
4500
5000
5600
6300
7100
8000
9000
10000
200 - 500 HP: increm ent s of 50
500 - 1000 HP: increm ent s of 100
1000 - 2500 HP: increm ent s of 250
2500 - 6000 HP: increm ent s of 500
6000 - 20000 HP: increm ent s of 1000
20000 - 40000 HP: increm ent s of 2500
40000 - 50000 HP: increm ent s of 5000
4 D r ive r s ( G1 1 )
4-7
Syn ch r on ou s M ot or Spe e ds ( RPM )
6 0 H e r t z Se r vice
1800
1200
900
720
600
514
450
400
360
327
300
277
257
240
225
4-8
5 0 H e r t z Se r vice
1500
1000
750
600
500
428
375
333
300
272
250
231
214
200
187
4 D r ive r s ( G1 1 )
Tu r bin e s ( TUR)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
St eam t urbine driver includes condenser and
accessories.
CON D EN SI N G
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Pow e r Out put :
10 - 30,000 HP [ 8 - 22,300 KW]
St e a m Ga uge Pr e ssur e :
Max: 1,600 PSI G [ 11,000 KPA] ;
Default : * 400* PSI G [ * 2,700* KPA]
Spe e d:
Max: 3,600 RPM; Default : * 3,600* RPM
Non- condensing t ype st eam t urbine driver includes
accessories.
N ON CON D
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Pow e r Out put :
10 - 30,000 HP [ 8 - 22,300 KW]
St e a m Ga uge Pr e ssur e :
Max: 1,600 PSI G [ 11,000 KPA] ;
Default : * 400* PSI G [ * 2,700* KPA]
Spe e d:
Max: 3,600 RPM;
Default : * 3,600* RPM
4 D r ive r s ( G1 1 )
4-9
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Gas t urbine includes fuel gas com bust ion cham ber and GAS
m ult i- st age t urbine expander.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Pow e r Out put :
1,000 - 500,000 HP [ 750 - 375,000 KW]
Turbo expander includes only t he expander ( t urbine)
part and any spare cart ridges. I t does not include
com pressor ( boost er) part . So, all input / out put
variables in t he m odel refer t o an expansion process,
and t he result ing cost and weight dat a belong only t o
t he expander part .
TURBOEXP
N ot e : The m at erial used by t he syst em is A3003
( alum inum ) .
Act ua l ga s flow r a t e I nle t :
Range: 5 - 200,000 CFM [ 8.5 - 339,800 m 3/ hr]
Required field
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e I n le t :
Range: ( > 0) - 3000 PSI G [ ( > 0) - 20,684 kPag]
Required field
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e I nle t :
Range: - 450 t o 600 DEG F [ - 267 t o 315 DEG C]
Default : * 70* DEG F [ * 21* DEG C]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e Ou t le t :
Range: 0 - 1 ,000 PSI G [ 0 - 6,894 kPag]
Required field
Pow e r out pu t :
Range: ( > 0) - 2,000 HP [ ( > 0) - 1,500 kW]
M ole cula r w e ight :
Range: 1 - 500
Default : * 29*
Default m olecular weight is t hat of air
Spe cific he a t r a t io:
Range: 1.04 - 2
Default : * 1.4*
Default specific heat rat io is t hat of air
Com pr e ssibilit y fa ct or I nle t :
Range: 0.05 - 3
Default : * 1*
Default com pressibilit y fact or assum es an ideal gas
I se nt r opic e fficie ncy:
Range: 30 - 100 PERCENT
Default : * 85* PERCENT
N u m be r of spa r e ca r t r idge s:
Min: 0
Default : * 0*
4-10
4 D r ive r s ( G1 1 )
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r
( G1 0 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
Heat Exchangers ( HE)
Reboiler s ( RB)
Furnaces, Process Heat ers ( FU)
TEMA Exchanger Const ruct ion Nom enclat ure
I carus Support ed TEMA Types
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-1
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E)
Heat exchangers ar e used t o t ransfer heat from one fluid t o anot her fluid. I n
t he t erm inology of chem ical engineering, a fluid m ay be eit her a gas or a
liquid. Ther efore, w hen w e say w e are t ransferring heat from one fluid t o
anot her, we can m ean eit her a gas- gas exchanger, a liquid- liquid exchanger or
a gas- liquid exchanger.
Heat exchangers m ay be called by ot her nam es depending upon t heir specific
purpose. I f a process fluid is being cooled wit h wat er, t he t erm “ cooler ” is oft en
used. I f a gaseous process fluid is cooled wit h wat er unt il it becom es a liquid,
t he t erm “ condenser ” is used. I f a liquid process fluid is heat ed ( usually wit h
st eam ) unt il it t urns int o a gas, t he t er m “ vaporizer ” is used. I f a process fluid
is heat ed ( usually wit h st eam ) t he t erm “ econom izer ” is used. I f t wo process
fluids exchange heat , t he t erm heat exchanger is used.
The m ost com m on t ype of heat exchanger, and t herefore, t he kind described
here, is t he shell and t ube heat exchanger. The shell and t ube heat exchanger
consist s of a bundle of t ubes. Each t ube is usually 3/ 4 or I NCH in out side
diam et er and 20 t o 40 FEET long. The t ube bundle is held in a cylindrical shape
by plat es at eit her end called “ t ube sheet s.” The t ube bundle is placed inside a
cylindrical shell. The design of t he shell and t ube heat exchanger is such t hat
one fluid flows inside t he t ubes, while t he ot her fluid flows over t he out side of
t he t ubes. Heat is t ransferred t hrough t he t ube walls. The size of a heat
exchanger is defined as t he t ot al out side surface area of t he t ube bundle.
Wide variet y of m at erials: float ing head, fixed t ube sheet , U- t ube exchangers,
m ult iple shells/ passes, TEMA Class B and ot her t ypes.
5-2
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Air cooler wit h variet y of plenum cham bers, louver
arrangem ent s, fin t ypes ( or bare t ubes) , sizes,
m at erials, freest anding or rack- m ount ed, m ult iple
bays and m ult iple services wit hin a single bay.
AI R COOLER
Ba r e t u be a r e a 1 st se r vice :
Prim ary or single service. Tot al bare t ube surface area
for prim ary service. I f t he exchanger is a single
service, t hen t his is t he t ot al bare t ube surface area.
The surface area is for all bays.
Tu be m a t e r ia l 1 st se r vice :
Prim ary or single service; Default : * A 179* . See
Chapt er 28 for t ube m at erials.
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e 1 st se r v.:
Default : * 150* PSI G [ * 1,000* KPA]
I n le t t e m pe r a t u r e 1 st se r vice :
Default : * 300* DEG F [ * 150* DEG C]
Tu be ou t side dia m e t e r 1 st se r v.:
Default : * 1.0* I NCHES [ * 25.0* MM]
Tube w a ll t hick ne ss 1 st se r vice :
The wall t hickness of t ubing used for prim ary or single
services, in inches or BWG rat ing. For grooved t ubes,
specify t he t hickness under t he groove. Thickness m ay
be ent ered as a posit ive signed value in decim al
I NCHES [ MM] or as a negat ive signed int eger value of
BWG ( - 1 t o - 24 BWG) . I f no value is specified, t he
syst em calculat es a value based on t ube m at erial,
t em perat ure and pressure of service, wit h m inim um of
0.1080 I NCHES [ 2.74 MM] per API 661 code.
Cor r osion a llow a n ce 1 st se r vice :
Default : 0.0, except CS: 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM]
Tube le ngt h:
Range: 4 - 60 FEET [ 1.25 - 18.0 M]
Ba y w idt h :
Max: 30.0 [ 9.0 M]
H e igh t : This is t he leg height for air coolers at grade.
Default : * 0.0* ( rack m ount ed)
N u m be r of w a lk w a ys:
Default : * 2* . Does not apply t o Aspen I n- Plant Cost
Est im at or.
Ple nu m t ype sym bol:
Default : * TRNS*
PANL- Panel shaped plenum
TRNS- Transit ion shaped
NONE- No plenum
- Cont inued on next page -
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-3
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
AI R COOLER - cont inued
Louve r t ype sym bol:
Default : * FACE*
FACE- Face louvers only
SI DE- Side louvers only
BOTH- Face + side louvers
NONE- No louvers
Fin t ype sym bol:
Default : L- foot ed if t em perat ure below
400 DEG F [ 205 DEG C] , esle em bedded.
E - Em bedded
L - L- foot t ension wound
W - Wheel
X - Ext ract ed
NONE - Bare t ubes
Fin pit ch :
Num ber of fin t ubes per I NCH [ per 25 MM] ,
ignore if bar t ube specified. Range: 6.0 - 20.0;
Default : * 10.0*
Fin m a t e r ia l sym bol:
I gnore t his field for bare t ubes. Default : * AL* .
AL - Alum inum fins
CS - Carbon st eel fins
CU - Copper fins
SS - St ainless st eel fins
Tu be fin he ight :
I gnore t his field for bare t ubes;
Range: 0.250 - 2.50 I NCHES [ 10.0 - 65.0 MM] ;
Default : * 0.625* I NCHES [ * 15* MM]
N u m be r of t ube r ow s:
Max: 13
Tu be pit ch:
Default : * 2.25* I NCHES [ 55.0 MM]
N u m be r of fa ns pe r ba y:
Range: 1- 3
Fixed t ube sheet shell and t ube exchangers.
FI XED T S
TEMA t ype BEM fixed t ube sheet
The fixed t ube sheet shell and t ube heat exchanger is
applicable t o t rim cooler and ot her low t em perat ure
applicat ions, as well as services where t he shell side
fluid is non- fouling, such as st eam , dowt herm and
gasses. A fixed t ube sheet heat exchanger has it s t ube
sheet s fixed t o bot h ends of t he shell, wit h or wit hout a
shell expansion j oint .
- Cont inued on next page -
5-4
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
FI XED T S - cont inued
Fixed t ube sheet heat exchangers are m ore
econom ical t o fabricat e t han float ing head heat
exchangers, but unless an expansion j oint is placed in
t he shell t he difference in t em perat ure bet ween t he
shell and t ubes m ust be sm all or t he unequal t herm al
expansion of t he shell and t ube bundle will cause
unaccept able m echanical st resses. The fixed t ube
sheet design also does not allow t he t ube bundle t o be
rem oved. Therefore, fixed t ube sheet heat exchangers
are lim it ed t o clean services and services where t he
dirt and scale on t he out side surface of t he t ubes is
easily cleaned by chem ical m eans.
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a :
Ent er eit her heat t ransfer area or num ber of
shells, t ubes/ shell and t ube dat a.
N u m be r of sh e lls:
Ent er eit her heat t ransfer area or num ber of
shells, t ubes/ shell and t ube dat a.
Tu be m a t e r ia l:
Default : A 214 t o 900 DEG F [ 482 DEG C] ,
304S for higher t em perat ures. See Chapt er 28 for
t ube m at erials.
Tu be de sign ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
Default : * 150* PSI G [ * 1,000* KPA]
Tu be de sign t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : 400 DEG F [ 200 DEG C] for copper alloys;
ot her m at erial: 640 DEG F [ 340 DEG C]
Tu be ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : design t em perat ure
Tu be ou t side dia m e t e r :
0.25 - 6.0 I NCHES [ 6 - 150 MM] ;
Default : * 1.0* I NCHES [ * 25* MM]
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l:
Default : A285C t o 900 DEG F [ 482 DEG C] , SS304 for
higher t em perat ures. See Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
She ll de sign ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
Default : * 150* PSI G [ * 1,000* KPA]
She ll de sign t e m pe r a t u r e : Default : 400 DEG F [ 200
DEG C] for copper alloys; * 650* DEG F [ * 340* DEG C]
for ot her m at erials.
- Cont inued on next page -
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-5
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
FI XED T S - cont inued
Sh e ll ope r a t in g t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : design t em perat ure
Tu be side pipe m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 18 for pipe m at erials.
Sh e ll side pipe m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 18 for pipe m at erials.
N u m be r of t ube s pe r sh e ll:
Ent er eit her heat t ransfer area or num ber of shells,
t ubes/ shell and t ube dat a.
Tu be le n gt h e x t e n de d:
8 - 60 FEET [ 2.5 - 18 M] ;
Default : * 20* FEET [ * 6* M]
Tube ga uge :
Ent er t ube gauge or t hickness, not bot h,
including corrosion allowance; 1 - 24 BWG
Tube w a ll t hick ne ss:
Ent er t ube gauge or t hickness, not bot h,
including corrosion allowance; 0.02 - 0.34 I NCHES
[ 0.6 - 8.6 MM]
Tu be cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : 0.0025 I NCHES [ 0.06 MM] for CS, 0.0 for
ot her m at erials
Tu be se a l t ype :
Default : * SEALW*
EXPND- Expanded t ube- t o- t ubesheet j oint s
SEALW- Seal welded t ube j oint s
STRNW- St rengt h welded t ube j oint s
Tu be pit ch:
1.25 x t ube out side diam et er
Tu be pit ch sym bol:
Default : * TRI ANGLE*
DI AMOND- Diam ond t ube pit ch
SQUARE- Square t ube pit ch
TRI ANGULAR- Triangular t ube pit ch
She ll dia m e t e r :
Max: 192.0 I NCHES [ 4,875.0 MM]
She ll w a ll t hick ne ss:
Shell t hickness including corrosion allowance.
She ll cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] for CS,
0.0 for ot her m at erials.
- Cont inued on next page -
5-6
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
FI XED T S - cont inued
Ex pa n sion j oin t :
Default : * NO*
NO- No expansion j oint in shell
YES- Expansion j oint required in shell
Tu be sh e e t m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for t ube m at erials.
Tu be sh e e t cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : lesser of 50 x t ube corrosion
allowance or 0.25 I NCHES [ 6 MM] .
Cha n n e l m a t e r ia l:
Default : t ubesheet m at erial. See Chapt er
28 for m at erials.
Cla dding t hick ne ss:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial
specified, ot herwise 0.0.
Cla dding m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erial select ion.
Cla dding loca t ion:
Default : * SHELL*
SHELL- Cladding on shell side only
TUBE- Cladding on t ube side only
BOTH- Cladding on bot h shell and t ube sides
N um be r of t ube pa sse s:
Default : * 1*
N u m be r of sh e ll pa sse s:
Default : * 1*
St r e ss r e lie f:
Default : See Area Design Basis.
CODE - Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES - Provide st ress relief
NO - No st ress relief required
W e ld X- r a y:
Max: 100; Default : * 20*
TEM A t ype :
Default : BEM for 1 shell pass, BFM for 2 shell passes.
Ve n dor gr a de :
Default : * HI GH*
STAND - St andard vender
HI GH - Specialt y vender - high grade/ cust om work
Re gu la t ion t ype :
Japanese count ry base only. Required governm ent
regulat ion and t est ing; Default : * NONE*
NONE - No special regulat ions
PV - Pressure vessel regulat ions
HPG - High pressure gas regulat ions
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-7
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Float ing head shell of 48 I NCHES [ 1200 MM]
FLOAT H EAD
m axim um and exchanger.
Applicable t o any heat exchange applicat ion, but not
norm ally used for clean and/ or low t em perat ure
services where t he fixed t ube sheet exchanger is
usually t he m ore econom ic choice.
The float ing head heat exchanger accom m odat es t he
different ial t herm al expansion of t ube bundle and
shell, and also allows t he t ube bundle t o be com plet ely
rem oved from t he shell. The float ing head heat
exchanger is consequent ially specified for services
where t he shell size of t he t ube bundle is subj ect t o
fouling and services which involve large t em perat ure
different ials bet ween shell side and t ube side fluids.
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a :
Ent er eit her heat t ransfer area or num ber of shells,
t ubes/ shell and t ube dat a.
N u m be r of sh e lls:
Ent er eit her heat t ransfer area or num ber of shells,
t ube/ shell and t ube dat a.
Tu be m a t e r ia l:
Default : A 214 t o 900 DEG F [ 482 DEG C] ,
304S for higher t em perat ures. See chapt er 28 for t ube
m at erials.
Tu be de sign ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
Default : * 150* PSI G [ * 1,000* KPA]
Tu be de sign t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : 400 DEG F [ 200 DEG C] for copper alloys;
650 DEG F [ 340 DEG C] ot her m at erial
Tu be ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : design t em perat ure
Tu be ou t side dia m e t e r :
0.25 - 6.0 I NCHES [ 6 - 150 MM] ;
Default : * 1.0* I NCHES [ * 25* MM]
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l:
Default : A285C t o 900 DEG F [ 482 DEG C] , SS304 for
higher t em perat ures
She ll de sign ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
Default : 150 PSI G [ 1,000 KPA]
- Cont inued on next page -
5-8
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
FLOAT H EAD - cont inued
She ll de sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : 400 DEG F [ 200 DEG C] for cooper alloys;
650 DEG F [ 340 DEG C] for ot her m at erial
Sh e ll ope r a t in g t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : design t em perat ure
Tu be side pipe m a t e r ia l:
See Pipe Mat erials in Chapt er 18.
Sh e ll side pipe m a t e r ia l:
See Pipe Mat erials in Chapt er 18.
N u m be r of t ube s pe r sh e ll:
Ent er eit her heat t ransfer area or num ber
of shells, t ubes/ shell and t ube dat a.
Tu be le n gt h e x t e n de d:
8 - 60 FEET [ 2.5 - 18 M] ;
Default : * 20* FEET [ * 6* M]
Tube ga uge :
Ent er t ube gauge or t hickness, not bot h,
including corrosion allowance; 1- 24 BWG
Tube w a ll t hick ne ss:
Ent er t ube gauge or t hickness, not bot h,
including corrosion allowance; 0.02 - 0.34 I NCHES
[ 0.6 - 8.6 MM]
Tu be cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : 0.0025 I NCHES [ 0.06 MM]
for CS, 0.0 for ot her m at erials
Tu be se a l t ype :
Default : * SEALW*
EXPND- Expanded t ube- t o- t ubesheet j oint s
SEALW- Seal welded t ube j oint s
STRNW- St rengt h welded t ube j oint s
Tu be pit ch:
Default : 1.25 x t ube out side diam et er
Tu be pit ch sym bol:
Default : * TRI ANGULAR*
DI AMOND- Diam ond t ube pit ch
SQUARE- Square t ube pit ch
TRI ANGLE- Triangular t ube pit ch
She ll dia m e t e r :
Max: 192.0 I NCHES [ 4,875.0 MM]
She ll w a ll t hick ne ss:
Shell t hickness including corrosion allowance.
She ll cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] for CS,
0.0 for ot her m at erials.
- Cont inued on next page -
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-9
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
FLOAT H EAD - cont inued
Ex pa n sion j oin t :
Default : * NO*
NO - No expansion j oint in shell
YES - Expansion required in shell
Tu be sh e e t m a t e r ia l:
See Tube Mat erials in Chapt er 28.
Tu be sh e e t cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : Lesser of 50 x t ube corrosion allowance, or
0.25 I NCHES [ 6 MM] .
Cha n n e l m a t e r ia l:
Default : t ubesheet m at erial. See Tube Mat erials in
Chapt er 28.
Cla dding t hick ne ss:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial
specified, ot herwise 0.0.
Cla dding m a t e r ia l:
See cladding m at erial in Chapt er 28.
Cla dding loca t ion:
Default : * SHELL*
SHELL - Cladding on shell side only
TUBE - Cladding on t ube side only
BOTH - Cladding on bot h shell and t ube sides
N um be r of t ube pa sse s:
Default : * 2*
N u m be r of sh e ll pa sse s:
Default : * 1*
St r e ss r e lie f:
Default : See Area Design Basis.
CODE - Provide st ress relief if code required
YES - Provide st ress relief
NO - No st ress relief required
W e ld X- r a y:
Max 100; Default : * 20*
TEM A t ype :
Default : BES for 1 shell pass, BFS for 2 shell passes.
Ve n dor gr a de :
Default : * HI GH*
STAND - St andard vendor
HI GH - Specialt y vendor - high grade/ cust om work
Re gu la t ion t ype :
For Japanese count ry base only. Required
governm ent regulat ion and t est ing. Default : * NONE*
NONE - No special regulat ions
PV - Pressure vessel regulat ions
HPG - High pressure gas regulat ions
5-10
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
U- t ube shell and t ube exchangers. TEMA t ype BEU U- U TUBE
Tube.
U- t ube shell and t ube exchangers are norm ally used in
t hose services where t he t ubeside fluid is non- fouling
or where t he deposit s form ed are easily rem oved wit h
chem ical cleaning. Since t he t ube bundle is
rem ovable, t he fluid in t he shell side can be fouling.
Since t he U- t ube design elim inat es one t ube sheet ,
t hese exchangers are oft en used for high pressure
applicat ions.
As t he nam e indicat es, all t he t ubes are U- shaped.
Consequent ially, t here is only one t ube sheet . The
t ube side fluid ent ers one leg of t he U- t ube and exit s
from t he ot her leg. The U- t ubes are free t o expand
inside t he exchanger shell; t hus, a large t em perat ure
differences bet ween shell side and t ube side fluids can
be handled. The U- t ube bundle is usually rem ovable
for inspect ion and cleaning. The inside of t he U- t ubes
are hard t o clean because of t he U- bend. U- t ube heat
exchangers are unsuit able for handling erosive fluids
because t he U- bends rapidly wear out .
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a :
Ent er eit her heat t ransfer area or num ber of shells,
t ubes/ shell and t ube dat a.
N u m be r of sh e lls:
Ent er eit her heat t ransfer area or num ber of shells,
t ubes/ shell and t ube dat a.
Tu be m a t e r ia l:
Default : * A 214* t o 900 DEG F [ 482 DEG C] , * 304S*
for higher t em perat ures. See Chapt er 28 for t ube
dat a.
Tu be de sign ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
Default : * 150* PSI G [ * 1,000* KPA]
Tu be de sign t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : * 400* DEG F [ * 200* DEG C] for copper
alloys; ot her m at erial: * 650* DEG F [ * 340* DEG C]
Tu be ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : design t em perat ure
Tu be ou t side dia m e t e r :
Range: 0.25 - 6.0 I NCHES [ 6 - 150 MM] ;
Default : * 1.0* I NCHES [ * 25* MM]
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l:
Default : * A285C* t o 900 DEG F [ 482 DEG C] ,
SS304 for higher t em perat ures
- Cont inued on next page -
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-11
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
U TUBE - cont inued
She ll de sign ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
Default : * 150* PSI G [ * 1,000* KPA]
She ll de sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : * 400* DEG F [ * 200* DEG C] for
copper alloys; * 650* DEG F [ * 340* DEG C] ot her
m at erials
Sh e ll ope r a t in g t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : design t em perat ure
N u m be r of t ube s pe r sh e ll:
Ent er eit her heat t ransfer area or num ber of shells,
t ubes/ shell and t ube dat a.
Tu be le n gt h e x t e n de d:
Range: 8 - 12 FEET [ 2.5 - 36 M] ;
Default : * 40* Feet [ * 12* M]
Tube ga uge :
Ent er t ube gauge or t hickness, not bot h, including
corrosion allowance. Range: 1- 24 BWG
Tube w a ll t hick ne ss:
Ent er t ube gauge or t hickness, not bot h, including
corrosion allowance. Range: 0.02 - 0.34 I NCHES
[ 0.6 - 8.6 MM]
Tu be cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : * 0.0025* I NCHES [ * 0.06* MM] for CS, * 0.0*
for ot her m at erials.
Tu be se a l t ype :
Default : * SEALW*
EXPD - Expanded t ube- t o t ubesheet j oint s
SEALW - Seal welded t ube j oint s
STRNW - St rengt h welded t ube j oint s
Tu be pit ch:
Default : 1.25 x t ube out side diam et er
Tu be pit ch sym bol:
Default : * TRI ANGULAR*
DI AMOND- Diam ond t ube pit ch
SQUARE- Square t ube pit ch
TRI ANGULAR- Triangular t ube pit ch
She ll dia m e t e r :
Max: 192 I NCHES [ 4,875 MM]
She ll w a ll t hick ne ss:
Shell t hickness including corrosion allowance.
She ll cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : * 0.125* I NCHES [ * 3* MM] for
CS, * 0.0* for ot her m at erials
- Cont inued on next page -
5-12
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
U TUBE - cont inued
Ex pa n sion j oin t :
Default : * NO*
NO - No expansion j oint in shell
YES - Expansion j oint required in shell
Tu be sh e e t m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for t ube m at erials.
Tu be sh e e t cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : Lesser of 50 x t ube corrosion allowance, or
* 0.25* I NCHES [ * 6* MM]
Cha n n e l m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
Cla dding t hick ne ss:
Default : * 0.125* I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial
is specified; ot herwise * 0.0*
Cla dding m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for cladding m at erials.
Cla dding loca t ion:
Default : * SHELL*
SHELL - Cladding on shell side only
TUBE - Cladding on t ube side only
BOTH - Cladding on bot h shell and t ube sides
N um be r of t ube pa sse s:
Default : * 2*
N u m be r of sh e ll pa sse s:
Default : * 1*
St r e ss r e lie f:
Default : See Proj ect Design Basis.
CODE - Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES - Provide st ress relief
NO - No st ress relief required
W e ld X- r a y:
Max: 100; Default : * 20*
TEM A t ype :
* BEU* for 1 shell pass, * BFU* for 2 shell passes.
Ve n dor gr a de :
Default : * HI GH*
STAND - St andard vendor
HI GH - Specialt y vendor - high grade/ cust om work
Re gu la t ion t ype :
Japanese count ry base only. Required governm ent
regulat ions and t est ing.
Default : * NONE* .
NONE - No special regulat ions
PV- Pressure vessel regulat ions
HPG- High pressure gas regulat ions
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-13
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Fixed t ube, float . head, u- t ube exchanger
TEM A EXCH
This m odel m erges t he t hree TEMA heat exchangers,
which are ret ained for com pat ibilit y purposes ( in
earlier syst em versions, changing t he t ype of TEMA
heat exchanger required t hat one delet e t he ent ry and
specify anot her heat exchanger) .
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a : Ent er eit her heat t ransfer area
or no. of shells, t ubes/ shell and t ube dat a.
N u m be r of sh e lls: Ent er eit her heat t ransfer area or
no. of shells, t ubes/ shell and t ube dat a.
Fr on t e n d h e a d t ype : Use front head t ype, shell t ype
and rear head t ype t o const ruct TEMA t ype sym bol.
Front head t ype opt ions:
A- Channel and rem ovable cover
B- Bonnet int egral cover
C- Tubesheet channel int egral, rem ov. cover
N- Tubesheet channel int egral, rem ov. cover
She ll TEM A sym bol: Use front head t ype, shell t ype
and rear head t ype t o const ruct TEMA t ype sym bol.
Shell t ype opt ions:
E- One pass shell
F- Two pass shell wit h longit udinal baffle
G- Split flow
H- Double split flow
J- Divided flow
X- Cross flow
Re a r e nd he a d t ype :
Use front head t ype, shell t ype and rear head t ype t o
const ruct TEMA t ype sym bol. Rear head t ype opt ions:
L - Fixed t ubesheet , channel rem ovable cover
M - Fixed t ubesheet , bonnet int egral cover
N - Fixed t ubesheet , channel int egral, rem ov.
P - Out side packed float ing head
S - Float ing head wit h backing device
T- Pull t hrough float ing head
U - U- t ube bundle
W - Ext ernally sealed float ing t ubesheet
Heat exchanger design opt ion:
* < BLANK> * - St andard exchanger design
TBWNB- Tube bundle design only, w/ o syst em bulks
Design/ cost opt ion for TBWNB only
- Cont inued on next page -
5-14
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
TEM A EXCH - cont inued
Tube m a t e r ia l: Default : CS t o 900 DEGF [ 482 DEGC] ,
or else SS; see Proj Basis spec for welded/ sm ls.
CS- Carbon st eel
A 179- Seam less CS
A 214- Welded carbon st eel
A 209- C - .5Mo
A213C- 1.25Cr - .5Mo - Si
A213F- 5Cr - .5Mo
304LW- 304L welded
316LW- 316L welded
321S- SS321 seam less
347S- SS347 seam less
C 20- Carpent er 20
TI 50A- Tit anium
NI 200- Nickel
I NCNL- I nconel
MONEL- Monel
Tu be de sign ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
* 150 PSI G [ 1,000 KPA] *
Tu be de sign t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : 400 DEGF [ 200 DEGC] for copper alloys;
ot her m at ’l: 650 DEGF [ 340 DEGC
Tu be ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : design t em perat ure
Tu be ou t side dia m e t e r :
* 1.0 I NCHES [ 25 MM] * , MI N: 0.25 I NCHES [ 6 MM] ,
MAX: 6.0 I NCHES [ 150 MM]
Shell m at erial:
Default : A285C t o 900 DEGF [ 482 DEGC] , SS304 for
higher t em perat ures.
CS- Carbon st eel
A 515- A 515
A204C- C - .5Mo
A387B- 1Cr - .5Mo
A387D- 2.25Cr - 1Mo
SS304- SS304
SS316- SS316
SS321- SS321
SS347- SS347
SS410- SS410
SS430- SS430
304L- 304L
316L- 316L
NI - Nickel
- Cont inued on next page -
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-15
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
TEM A EXCH - cont inued
I NCNL- I nconel
She ll de sign ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
* 150 PSI G [ 1,000 KPA] *
She ll de sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : 400 DEGF [ 200 DEGC] for copper alloys; 650
DEGF [ 340 DEGC] ot her m at ’l
Sh e ll ope r a t in g t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : design t em perat ure
Tube side pipe m at erial:
A 53- A 53
A 106- A 106
A333C- 3.5Ni
A335C- A.25Cr - .5Mo - Si
304P- SS304
304LP- 304L
316P- SS316
316LP- 316L
321P- SS321
AL- Alum inum
NI - Nickel
MONEL- Monel
I NCNL- I nconel
TI - Tit anium
HAST- Hast elloy
Sh e ll side pipe m a t e r ia l:
See m at erials list ed above for Tube side pipe m at erial
N u m be r of t ube s pe r sh e ll:
Ent er eit her heat t ransfer area or no. of shells, t ubes/
shell and t ube dat a.
Tu be le n gt h e x t e n de d:
For U- t ube: MI N: 8 FEET [ 2.5M] , MAX: 120 FEET
[ 36M] , else
MI N: 4 FEET [ 1.25M] , MAX: 60 FEET [ 18M]
Tube ga ge :
MI N: 1 BWG,
MAX: 24 BWG
Ent er t ube gauge or t hickness, not bot h, including
corrosion allowance.
Tube w a ll t hick ne ss:
MI N: 0.02 I NCHES [ 0.6 MM] ,
MAX 0.34 I NCHES [ 8.6 MM]
Ent er t ube gauge or t hickness, not bot h, including
corrosion allowance.
- Cont inued on next page -
5-16
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
TEM A EXCH - cont inued
Tu be cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : 0.0025 I NCHES [ 0.06 MM] for CS, 0.0 for
ot her m at erials.
Tu be se a l t ype :
EXPND- Expanded t ube- t o- t ubesheet j oint s
* SEALW* - Seal welded t ube j oint s
STRNW- St rengt h welded t ube j oint s
Tu be pit ch:
Default : 1.25 x t ube out side diam et er.
Tu be pit ch sym bol:
DI AMOND- Diam ond t ube pit ch
SQUARE- Square t ube pit ch
TRI ANGULAR- Triangular t ube pit ch
She ll dia m e t e r :
MAX: 192 I NCHES [ 4,875 MM]
She ll w a ll t hick ne ss:
Shell t hickness including corrosion all.
She ll cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] for CS, 0.0 for ot her
m at erials.
Ex pa n sion j oin t :
* NO* - No expansion j oint in shell
YES- Expansion j oint required in shell
Tube sheet m at erial:
CS- Carbon st eel
A 515- A 515
A204C- C - .5Mo
A387B- 1Cr - .5Mo
A387D- 2.25Cr - 1Mo
SS304- SS304
SS316- SS316
SS321- SS321
SS347- SS347
SS410- SS410
SS430- SS430
304L- 304L
316L- 316L
NI - Nickel
I NCNL- I nconel
Tu be sh e e t cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : lesser of 50 x t ube corr. all., or 0.25
I NCHES [ 6 MM] .
Cha n n e l m a t e r ia l:
Default : t ubesheet m at erial
- Cont inued on next page -
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-17
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
TEM A EXCH - cont inued
Cla dding t hick ne ss:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial is
specified; ot herwise: 0.0
Cla dding m a t e r ia l:
SS304- SS304
SS316- SS321
SS347- SS347
SS410- SS410
SS430- SS430
304L- 304L
316L- 316L
NI 200- Ni 200
NI 201- Ni 201
MONEL- Monel
I NCNL- I nconel
I 800- Ni- Fe- Cr
I 825- Ni- Fe- Cr- Mo- Cu
C 20- Carpent er 20
TI - Tit anium
HASTB- Hast elloy B
HASTC- Hast elloy C
Cla dding loca t ion:
* SHELL* - Cladding on shell side only
TUBE- Cladding on t ube side only
BOTH- Cladding on bot h shell and t ube sides
N um be r of t ube pa sse s: * 1*
N u m be r of sh e ll pa sse s: * 1*
St r e ss r e lie f:
Default : see Area Design Basis.
CODE- Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES- Provide st ress relief
NO- No st ress relief required
W e ld X- r a y:
* 20* , MAX: 100
Ve n dor gr a de :
STAND- St andard vendor
* HI GH* - Specialt y vendor for high grade or
cust om work
Re gu la t ion t ype :
only for Japanese count ry base, which requires
governm ent regulat ion and t est ing.
* NONE* - No special regulat ions
PV- Pressure vessel regulat ions ( Japan)
HPG- High pressure gas regulat ions ( Japan)
- Cont inued next page -
5-18
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
The following t hree opt ions can be found under " Heat exchanger design opt ion" .
•
•
•
Blank
St andard exchanger design
TBWNB Tube bundle design only, w/ o syst em bulks
STABN St abbed- in t ube bundle design only, w/ o syst em bulks
The t hird opt ion ( STABN) is available in t he 2004 release. The " St andard exchanger
design" opt ion would cost a regular heat exchanger ( shell, t ubes, baffles, et c.) and it s
bulks, while TBWNB would cost a " t ube bundle design only wit hout any syst em bulks."
TBWNB would not generat e any shell and heads, but it will include t ubes, int ernals/
baffles, and t ube sheet .
The STABN opt ion is a variat ion of TBWNB wit h t he following m aj or differences from
TBWNB.
I n STABN:
• The t ube bundle is horizont ally inst alled ( st abbed) int o t he vert ical vessel ( t ower) ,
in a way t hat t he t ube- side flow inlet / out let headers st ay out side t he vessel beyond
t he t ubesheet .
• The front head is also included t o act as a cap of t he inlet / out let headers for t he
t ube- side flow.
• STABN also cost s a reboiler t ub and support arrangem ent for t he t ube bundle. The
reboiler t ub inside t he vessel is designed t o bear t he liquid held- up in t he t ub
around t he t ube bundle t o avoid t he dry- out . The t ub is designed t o
cont ain and bear t he hydrost at ic load of t he liquid held- up. The overall hydrost at ic
load on t he t ub bot t om is event ually support ed by an I - beam design running in t he
m iddle of t he vessel along it s diam et er.
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-19
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Pre- engineered ( st andard) U- t ube exchanger for use PRE EN GR
as a sam ple cooler or ot her m iscellaneous applicat ion.
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a :
Ent er eit her heat t ransfer area or num ber of
t ubes and t ube dat a. Range: 3.50 - 120.0 SF
[ 0.33 - 11.0 M2]
Tu be m a t e r ia l:
Default : * CA443*
A 179- Seam less CS
304LW- 304L welded
A 192- Seam less CS
316W- 316 welded
A 214- Welded carbon
316LW- 316L welded
st eel
CA122- Cu seam less
304S- 304 seam less
CA706- Cu- Ni seam less
304LS- 304L seam less CA715- Cu- Ni seam less
316S- 316 seam less
CA443- Adm iralt y brass
316LS- 316L seam less CA444- Adm iralt y brass
304W- 304 welded
CA445- Adm iralt y brass
Tu be de sign ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
Default : * 150* PSI G [ * 1,000* KPA]
Tu be de sign t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : * 250* DEG F [ * 120* DEG C]
Tu be ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : design t em perat ure
Tu be ou t side dia m e t e r :
Range: 0.5 - 1.5 I NCHES
[ 12.0 - 38.0 MM] ; Default : * 0.75* I NCHES [ * 19* MM]
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l:
Default : * A285C*
A285C- Carbon st eel
A 516- A- 516
SS304- SS304
304L- 304L
SS316- SS316
316L- 316L
- Cont inued on next page -
5-20
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
PRE EN GR - cont inued
She ll de sign ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
Default : * 150* PSI G [ * 1,000* KPA]
She ll de sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : * 250* DEG F [ * 120* DEG C]
Sh e ll ope r a t in g t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : design t em perat ure
N u m be r of t ube s:
Ent er eit her heat t ransfer area or num ber of t ubes and
t ube dat a.
Tu be le n gt h e x t e n de d:
Ent er eit her heat t ransfer area or num ber of t ubes and
t ube dat a. Range: 4.00 - 16.0 FEET [ 1.20 - 4.80 M]
Tube ga ge :
Ent er t ube gauge or t hickness, not bot h,
including corrosion allowance. Range: 16 - 20 BWG
Tube w a ll t hick ne ss:
Ent er t ube gauge or t hickness, not bot h, including
corrosion allowance; Range: 0.035 - 0.065 I NCHES
[ 0.900 - 1.65 MM]
Tu be cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : * 0.0025* I NCHES [ * 0.06* MM]
for CS, * 0.0* for ot her m at erials
Tu be pit ch:
Default : * .25 x t ube out side diam et er*
Tu be pit ch sym bol:
Default : * TRI ANGULAR*
DI AMOND- Diam ond t ube pit ch
SQUARE- Square t ube pit ch
TRI ANGULAR- Triangular t ube pit ch
She ll dia m e t e r :
Range: 4.00 - 10.00 I NCHES
[ 102.0 - 254.0 MM]
She ll w a ll t hick ne ss:
Shell t hickness including corrosion allowance.
She ll cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : * 0.125* I NCHES [ * 3* MM] for CS, * 0.0* for
ot her m at erials
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-21
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Elect ric im m ersion t ank heat er.
H EATER ELC
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CU*
CU- Copper
SS304- SS304
Pow e r out pu t :
Range: 6 - 200 KW
Heat ing/ cooling coil wit h spiral or serpent ine coil of
H EATER STM
bare pipe, use as t ank heat er or colum n t ray cooler t o
keep t he cont ent s of a t ank from solidifying or
becom ing t oo viscous t o pum p.
This it em is a st eam coil. A st eam coil is a long lengt h
of pipe t hat covers t he bot t om of a t ank usually in a
spiral or serpent ine pat t ern. St eam is passed t hrough
t he coil t o heat t he cont ent s of t he t ank. I f cooling
wat er was passed t hrough t he coil inst ead of st eam ,
t his it em would be a cooling coil.
This is norm ally a field fabricat ed it em .
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel316LP- 316L
SS- St ainless st eel321P- SS321
A333C- 3.5 NiCU- Copper
A335C- 1.25 Cr - .5 Mo - SiNI - Nickel
A335F- 5 Cr - .5 MoMONEL- Monel
304LP- 304LI NCNL- I nconel
316P- SS316
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a :
Range: 1 - 25,000 SF [ 0.1 - 2,300 M2]
Pipe dia m e t e r :
Range: 1 - 6 I N DI AM [ 25 - 150 MM DI AM]
Bare- t ube double- pipe heat exchanger.
JACKETED
Applicable t o any heat t ransfer applicat ion where only
a sm all am ount of heat t ransfer surface area is
required.
This it em is a hairpin heat exchanger. One or m ore
finned or bare U- shaped t ubes are support ed
concent rically inside a U- shaped
shell.
- Cont inued on next page -
5-22
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
JACKETED - cont inued
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a :
10 - 1,000 SF [ 1 - 90 M2]
Tube le ngt h:
Range: 8 - 25 FEET [ 2.5 - 7.5 M] ;
Default : * 20* FEET [ * 6* M]
N u m be r of t ube s pe r sh e ll:
Default : * 1*
1- 1 t ube per shell
7- 7 t ubes per shell
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
Max: 6,000 PSI G [ 40,000 KPA]
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Max: 1,200 DEG F [ 645 DEG C]
Longit udinal finned double- pipe heat exchanger.
Hairpin sect ions are connect ed in series or parallel.
FI N TUBE
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a :
Ent er t ot al heat t ransfer area ( i.e., t ot al ext ended
surface or finned t ubes) .
Ra nge :
70 - 10,000 SF [ 7 - 920 M2]
Tube le ngt h:
Range: 8 - 25 FEET [ 2.5 - 7.5 M] ;
Default : * 20* FEET [ * 6* M]
N u m be r of fin s:
Range: 12 - 48; Default : * 24*
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
Max: 6,000 PSI G [ 40,000 KPA]
N u m be r of t ube s pe r sh e ll:
Default : * 1*
1- 1 t ube per shell
7- 7 t ubes per shell
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-23
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
All- graphit e heat exchanger.
Type
CROSS BORE
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * GRAPH*
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a :
Range: 8 - 150 SF [ 1.0 - 13.5 M2]
Riet z t ype t herm ascrew conveyor w it h m ot or
and drive.
ON E SCREW
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS304- SS304
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a :
10 - 400 SF [ 1 - 37 M2]
Twin screw t herm ascrew conveyor wit h m ot or
and drive.
TW O SCREW
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS304- SS304
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a :
10 - 400 SF [ 1 - 37 M2]
Graphit e t ube wit h carbon st eel shell exchanger.
SH ELL TUBE
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a :
Range: 80 - 9,730 SF [ 7.5 - 870 M2]
Tube le ngt h:
Range: 6 - 20 FEET [ 2 - 6 M]
5-24
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Spiral plat e heat exchanger.
Type
SPI RAL PLT
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * SS304*
SS304- SS304
SS316- SS316
TI - Tit anium
HAST- Hast elloy
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a :
Range: 40 - 1,330 SF [ 4 - 123 M2]
Tu be de sign ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
Range: 150 - 300 PSI G [ 1,000 - 2,000 KPA] ;
Default : 150 PSI G [ 1,000 KPA]
Tank suct ion heat er wit hout t ank.
SUC H EATER
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a :
Range: 135 - 4,000 SF [ 13 - 370 M2]
Wast e heat boiler for generat ion of st eam , hot
gas or liquid heat ing m edium .
W ASTE H EAT
A wast e heat boiler is used t o generat e st eam
from heat t hat would ot herwise be wast ed. A
wast e heat boiler is essent ially t he convect ion
sect ion only of a norm al wat er- t ube gas or
liquid boiler. The heat ing m edium is a hot gas
or liquid produced by exot herm ic chem ical
react ions, regenerat ion of cracking cat alyst ,
et c. The flow rat e is used only t o calculat e
piping diam et ers for t he P&I D.
A st eam product ion rat e can be ent ered in t his
field. I f ot her flow t ypes are needed, piping
diam et ers m ay need t o be revised. The
equipm ent cost is det erm ined solely by t he
heat t ransfer area.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Flow Ra t e :
St eam product ion rat e ( lb/ hr or kg/ hr)
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a :
Range: 1,300 - 10,000 SF [ 125 - 925 M2]
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-25
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Plat e and fram e heat exchanger.
PLAT FRAM
Pla t e m a t e r ia l:
Default : * SS304*
SS304- SS304
SS316- SS316
S04L- 304L
S16L- 316L
HAST- Hast elloy
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a :
Range: 10 - 2,000 SF [ 1.0 - 185 M2]
N um be r of pla t e s:
Max: 500
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
Max: 350 PSI G [ 2,410 KPA] ;
Default : * 200* PSI G [ * 1,380* KPA]
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Max: 400 DEG F [ 204 DEG C] ;
Default : * 200* DEG F [ * 93* DEG C]
Sanit ary corrugat ed double pipe exchanger
CORRUGATED
Used t o heat , cool, and past eurize a variet y of food
product s, like concent rat es and dairy by- product s.
Tu be m a t e r ia l:
* SS316* - SS316
AL6XN- High Cr, Mo+ Ni. Super- aust ent ic
st ainless st eel.
D ou ble pipe size :
I n ch- Pou nd
I nner
Tube
M e t r ic
Sym bol
Out e r
Tu be
3x20
3 I nches
75 MM
50 MM
4x25
4 I nches 2.5 I nches 100 MM
60 MM
4x30
4 I nches
3 I nches
100MM
75 MM
5x30
5 I nches
3 I nches 125 MM
75 MM
6x40
6 I nches
4 I nches 150 MM 100 MM
2 I nches
Out e r
Tube
I nne r
Tu be
( Close- up of piping)
Tot a l t ube a r e a :
Required: any t wo m ust be ent ered: t ot al area, t ube
lengt h/ pass, num ber of passes.
Tu be le n gt h pe r pa ss:
Any t wo m ust be ent ered: t ot al area, t ube lengt h/
pass, num ber of passes.
- Cont inued on next page -
5-26
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
CORRUGATED - cont inued
N um be r of t ube pa sse s:
Any t wo m ust be ent ered: t ot al area, t ube lengt h/
pass, num ber of passes.
Fr a m e opt ion :
* I NCL* - Fram e is included
HUNG- Fram e is not included
Wat er heat er ( shell+ t ube - hot wat er set )
H OT W ATER
Used m ainly wit h a plat e heat exchanger t o
provide hot wat er for heat ing various process
liquids. St eam is supplied t o t he shell side. Since
t his is a sanit ary it em , m at erial of const ruct ion is
SS316.
W a t e r flow r a t e :
MAX: 400 GPM [ 25 L/ S]
Te m pe r a t u r e r ise :
MAX: 50 DEG F [ 27 DEG C]
SS sk id w a t e r pipe r e quir e d:
* NONE* - Not included
I NCL- I ncluded
Ex pa n sion t a n k :
* NONE* - Not included
I NCL- I ncluded
Con de n sa t e r e t u r n pu m p:
* NONE* - Not included
I NCL- I ncluded
Sanit ary m ult i- zone plat e+ fram e exchanger
M ULTI P F
Plat es are of t he vert ical flow t ype. Alt ernat e plat es
can be invert ed t o obt ain desired flow arrangem ent .
Fram e consist s of a head and end support connect ed
by a t op carrying bar and a bot t om guide bar t o form a
rigid unit support ing t he plat es.
Pla t e m a t e r ia l:
* SS* - SS304
TI - Tit anium
- Cont inued on next page -
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-27
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
M ULTI P F - cont inued
Fr a m e m a t e r ia l:
Default : SS for plat e areas equal t o or less t han 1.87
SF [ 0.174 M2] , else SSCLD.
SS- St ainless st eel. Only available for plat e areas
equal t o or less t han 1.87 SF [ 0.174 M2]
SSCLD- SS clad carbon st eel. Only available for plat e
areas great er t han 1.87 SF [ 0.1737 M2] .
CS- Carbon st eel. Available for all plat e areas.
Ar e a pe r pla t e :
MI N: 0.27 SF [ 0.025 M2] , MAX: 6.0 SF [ 0.557 M2] .
The m axim um num ber of plat es will depend upon t he
area per plat e. There are seven st andard plat e areas:
Pla t e Ar e a
SF
M2
M a x . N o. of Pla t e s
I n All Zone s
0.27
0.025
152
0.92
0.085
200
1.81
0.168
150
1.87
0.173
200
3.75
0.348
420
5.6
0.520
600
6.0
0.557
550
Pla t e a r e a Zone 1 :
Required: ent er t he t ot al area or no. of plat es for zone
1, ot her zones opt ional.
N um be r of pla t e s Zone 1 :
Required: ent er t he t ot al area or no. of plat es for zone
1, ot her zones opt ional.
Pla t e a r e a Zone 2 :
Ent er eit her t ot al area or no. of plat es for Zone 2.
N um be r of pla t e s Zone 2 :
Ent er eit her t ot al area or no. of plat es for Zone 2.
Pla t e a r e a Zone 3 :
Ent er eit her t ot al area or no. of plat es for Zone 3.
N um be r of pla t e s Zone 3 :
Ent er eit her t ot al area or no. of plat es for Zone 3.
5-28
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
H e a t Ex ch a n ge r s ( H E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sanit ary direct st eam heat m odule
STM H E M OD
A cust om - built skid t hat inj ect s st eam direct ly
int o a product . The skid includes a st eam filt er
and separat or, as w ell as inst rum ent at ion for
t em perat ure and flow cont rol. Local t em perat ure
and pressure indicat ion is provided. The m odule
also includes a regulat or for t he st eam pressure,
aut om at ic isolat ion values, and piping on t he
skid.
Mat erial of const ruct ion is SS316.
Liquid flow r a t e :
I nput required. GPM [ L/ S] .
Te m pe r a t u r e r ise :
I nput required. DEG F [ DEG C] .
Spe cific he a t :
Default : * 0.85* BTU/ LB/ F [ * 3.56* KJ/ KG/ K]
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-29
Re boile r s ( RB)
Reboilers are a special kind of shell and t ube heat exchanger specifically
designed t o add heat t o dist illat ion colum ns.
Liquid from t he bot t om of t he dist illat ion colum n flows over t he reboiler t ubes
picking up heat from a hot fluid, such as st eam , which is flowing inside t he
reboiler t ubes. The liquid from t he colum n is vaporized and ret urned t o t he
colum n.
These ar e sim ilar t o t he shell and t ube heat exchanger, except t hat t he shell is
considerably lar ger t han t he t ube inside. The design pr ovides space for vaporliquid disengagem ent so t hat only vapor is ret urned t o t he dist illat ion colum n,
not a vapor- liquid m ixt ure.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Ket t le reboilers wit h float ing head.
KETTLE
Ket t le reboilers are used when t he hydrost at ic head
above t he reboiler varies, when t he operat ing pressure
is in t he high vacuum range or when t here is a low
percent age of volat iles ( e.g., less t han 5% ) in t he feed
t o t he reboiler.
A “ Ket t le” reboiler is a shell and t ube heat exchanger
used t o supply heat t o a dist illat ion colum n. Liquid
from t he bot t om of t he colum n ent ers t he shell of t he
reboiler t hrough nozzles in t he underside of t he shell.
I n order for liquid ent ering t he shell side of t he reboiler
t o get out it m ust overflow a weir at t he end of t he
t ube bundle. The weir is slight ly t aller t han t he t ube
bundle, t hus, t he reboiler t ubes are always
subm erged. Part of t he t ower bot t om s ent ering t he
reboiler vaporizes and ret urns t o t he t ower via a vapor
line called t he riser. A large vapor space is provided
above t he t ube bundle t o allow for vapor liquid
disengagem ent . The port ion of ent ering liquid which is
not vaporized overflows t he weir and is rem oved from
t he reboiler. The “ Ket t le” reboiler is a float ing head
t ype exchanger.
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a :
Ent er eit her heat t ransfer area or num ber of shells,
t ubes/ shell and t ube dat a.
N u m be r of sh e lls:
Ent er eit her heat t ransfer area or num ber of shells,
t ubes/ shell and t ube dat a.
Tu be m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for t ube m at erials.
Default : * A 214* t o 800 DEG F [ 482 DEG C] , * 304S*
for higher t em perat ures
- Cont inued on next page -
5-30
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
Re boile r s ( RB) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
KETTLE - cont inued
H e a t e x ch a n ge r de sign opt ion:
* < BLANK> * - St andard exchanger design
TBWNB- Tube bundle design only, w/ o syst em bulks
Design/ cost opt ion for TBWNB only
Tu be de sign ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
Default : * 150* PSI G [ * 1,000* KPA]
Tu be de sign t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : * 400* DEG F [ * 200 DEG C] for copper alloys;
ot her m at erial: * 650* DEG F [ * 340* DEG C]
Tu be ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : design t em perat ure
Tu be ou t side dia m e t e r :
Default : 0.25 - 6.0 I NCHES [ 6 - 150 MM] ;
Default : * 1.0* I NCHES [ * 25* MM]
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
Default : * A285C* t o 900 DEG F [ 482 DEG C] ,
* SS304* for higher t em perat ures
She ll de sign ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
Default : * 150* PSI G [ * 1,000* KPA]
She ll de sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : * 400* DEG F [ * 200* DEG C] for copper
alloys; * 650* DEG F [ * 340* DEG C] ot her m at erial
Sh e ll ope r a t in g t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : design t em perat ure
N u m be r of t ube s pe r sh e ll:
Ent er eit her heat t ransfer area or num ber of shells,
t ubes/ shell and t ube dat a.
Tu be le n gt h e x t e n de d:
Range: 8 - 60 FEET [ 2.5 - 18 M] ;
Default : * 20* FEET [ * 6* M]
Tube ga ge :
Ent er t ube gauge or t hickness, not bot h, including
corrosion allowance. Range: 1 - 24 BWG
Tube w a ll t hick ne ss:
Ent er t ube gauge or t hickness, not bot h, including
corrosion allowance. Range: 0.02 - 0.34 I NCHES
[ 0.6 - 8.6 MM]
Tu be cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : * 0.0025* I NCHES [ 0.06 MM] for CS, * 0.0*
for ot her m at erials
- Cont inued on next page -
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-31
Re boile r s ( RB) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
KETTLE - cont inued
Tu be pit ch:
Default : 1.25 x t ube out side diam et er
Tu be pit ch sym bol:
Default : * TRI ANGULAR*
DI AMOND- Diam ond t ube pit ch
SQUARE- Square t ube pit ch
TRI ANGULAR- Triangular t ube pit ch
She ll dia m e t e r :
Max: 192 I NCHES [ 4,875 MM] ;
Default : * 1.5 x port diam et er*
She ll w a ll t hick ne ss:
Shell wall t hickness including corrosion allowance.
She ll cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : * 0.125* I NCHES [ * 3* MM] for CS, * 0.0* for
ot her m at erials.
Tu be sh e e t m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for t ube m at erials.
Tu be sh e e t cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : Lessor of 50 x t ube corrosion allowance or
0.25 I NCHES [ 6 MM] .
Cla dding t hick ne ss:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial is
specified, ot herwise 0.0.
Cla dding m a t e r ia l: See Chapt er 28 for cladding
m at erials.
Cla dding loca t ion:
Default : * SHELL*
SHELL- Cladding on shell side only
TUBE- Cladding on t ube side only
BOTH- Cladding on bot h shell and t ube sides
N um be r of t ube pa sse s: Default : * 2*
D ut y:
Default : 0.004 x surface area ( SF) ; 0.01262 x surface
area ( M2) .
Va por iza t ion :
Max: 100; Default : * 90*
Spe cific gr a vit y t ow e r bot t om s:
Default : * 0.50*
M ole cula r w e ight bot t om s:
Default : * 100*
H e a t of va por iza t ion:
Default : * 150* BTU/ LB [ * 350* KJ/ KG]
- Cont inued on next page -
5-32
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
Re boile r s ( RB) - cont inued
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-33
D e scr ipt ion
Type
KETTLE - cont inued
St r e ss r e lie f:
Default : See Area Design Basis
CODE- Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES- Provide st ress relief
NO- No st ress relief required
TEM A t ype : Default : * BKT*
Horizont al or vert ical t herm osiphon reboilers.
TH ERM OSI PH
I f a shell diam et er is not specified, a value is
calculat ed from t he surface area, num ber of shells,
t ubes per shell, t ube diam et er, t ube pit ch, et c.
The t herm osiphon reboiler is t he m ost com m on
reboiler used. However, t he t herm osiphon reboiler can
not be used when t he hydrost at ic head above t he
reboiler varies, when t he operat ing pressure is in t he
high vacuum range or when t here is a low percent age
of volat iles ( for exam ple, less t han 5% ) in t he feed t o
t he reboiler.
The vert ical t herm osiphon reboiler, like t he ket t le
reboiler, is a shell and t ube heat exchanger used t o
supply heat t o a dist illat ion colum n. The t herm osiphon
reboiler operat es in t he following m anner. Liquid from
t he bot t om of t he colum n or from a t rapout t ray flows
int o t he bot t om of t he reboiler t hrough a pipe called
t he downcom er.
The colum n bot t om s are part ially vaporized in t he
reboiler and a t wo phase m ixt ure is ret urned t o t he
colum n t hrough a pipe called t he riser. The difference
in densit y bet ween t he liquid in t he downcom er and
t he t wo phase m ixt ure in t he reboiler and riser causes
t he t ower bot t om s t o flow t hrough t he reboiler by
nat ural circulat ion. Usually about 25% of t he t ower
bot t om s are vaporized in t he t herm osiphon reboiler.
Therm osiphon reboilers are classified as eit her vert ical
or horizont al according t o t heir erect ed posit ion.
The t ower bot t om ent er t he bot t om head of t he
vert ical t herm osiphon, flow upward t hrough t he t ubes
and leave t he t op head. The heat ing fluid, usually
st eam , passes t hrough t he shell side. Vert ical
t herm osiphons are available only as fixed t ube- sheet
exchangers.
The horizont al, fixed t ube- sheet , t herm osiphon
reboiler differs from t he vert ical t herm osiphon in t hat
it is erect ed horizont ally and t he bot t om s liquid from
t he dist illat ion colum n flows t hrough t he shell side of
t he reboiler and t he heat t ransfer fluid flows t hrough
t he t ubes.
Th e r m osiph on t ype : Default : * V- FXD*
H- FLOT - Horizont al: float head
H- FXD - Horizont al: fixed t ubesheet
H- UTUB - Horizont al: u- t ube
V- FXD - Vert ical: fixed t ubesheet
- Cont inued on next page -
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-34
Re boile r s ( RB) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
The r m osiph on - cont inued
V- COLM a t ube bundle t hat is designed t o be inst alled
int o a Colum n ( Tower) t o hold cat alyst or funct ion as
an exchanger wit hin a Colum n. There are no bulks
associat ed wit h t his it em . I f fluid is desired on t he
shell side of t he t ubes, t hen t he addit ional piping lines
m ust be added via Pipe- I t em Det ails ent ries.
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a : Ent er eit her heat t ransfer area
or num ber of
shells, t ubes/ shell and t ube dat a.
N u m be r of sh e lls: Ent er eit her heat t ransfer area or
num ber of
shells, t ubes/ shell and t ube dat a.
Tu be m a t e r ia l: See Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
Default : * A 214* t o 900 DEG F [ * 482* DEG C] ,
* 304S* for higher t em perat ures
H e a t e x ch a n ge r de sign opt ion:
* < BLANK> * - St andard exchanger design
TBWNB - Tube bundle design only, w/ o syst em bulks
Design/ cost opt ion for TBWNB only
Tu be de sign t e m pe r a t u r e : Default : * 400* DEG F
[ * 200* DEG C] for copper alloys; ot her m at erial:
* 650* DEG F [ * 350* DEG C] .
Tu be ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t u r e : Default : design
t em perat ure
Tu be ou t side dia m e t e r : Range: 0.25 - 6.0 I NCHES
[ 6 - 150 MM] ;
Default : * 1.0* I NCHES [ * 25* MM]
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l: See Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
Default : * A285C* t o 900 DEG F [ 482 DEG C] ,
* SS304* for higher t em perat ure
She ll de sign ga u ge pr e ssu r e : Default : * 150* PSI G
[ * 1,000* KPA]
She ll de sign t e m pe r a t ur e : Default : * 400* DEG F
[ * 200* DEG C] for copper alloys; * 650* DEG F
[ * 340* DEG C] ot her m at erial.
Sh e ll ope r a t in g t e m pe r a t u r e : Default : design
t em perat ure
Tu be side pipe m a t e r ia l: See Chapt er 18 for pipe
m at erials.
Sh e ll side pipe m a t e r ia l: See Chapt er 18 for pipe
m at erials.
- Cont inued on next page -
5-35
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
Re boile r s ( RB) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
The r m osiph on - cont inued
Tube W a ll Thick ne ss: Ent er t ube gauge or t hickness,
not bot h, including corrosion allowance. Range: 0.02
t o 0.34 I NCHES
[ 0.6 - 8.6 MM] .
Tu be cor r osion a llow a n ce : Default : 0.0025 I NCHES
[ 0.06 MM] for CS, 0.0 for ot her m at erials.
Tu be pit ch: Default : * 1.25 x t ube out side diam et er*
Tu be pit ch sym bol: Default : * TRI ANGULAR*
DI AMOND - Diam ond t ube pit ch
SQUARE - Square t ube pit ch
TRI ANGULAR - Triangular t ube pit ch
She ll dia m e t e r : Max: 192.0 I NCHES [ 4,875.0 MM]
She ll w a ll t hick ne ss: Shell t hickness including
corrosion allowance.
She ll cor r osion a llow a n ce : Default : 0.125 I NCHES
[ 3 MM] for CS,
0.0 for ot her m at erials.
Tu be sh e e t m a t e r ia l: See Chapt er 28 for t ube
m at erials.
Tu be sh e e t cor r osion a llow a n ce : Default : Lesser of
50 x t ube corrosion allowance, or 0.25 I NCHES [ 6
MM] .
Cla dding t hick ne ss: Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM]
if cladding m at erial is specified, ot herwise 0.0
Cla dding m a t e r ia l: See Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
Cla dding loca t ion: Default : * SHELL*
SHELL - Cladding on shell side only
TUBE - Cladding on t ube side only
BOTH - Cladding on bot h shell and t ube sides
N u m be r of t u be pa sse s: Default : 1 pass per vert ical
fixed t ube sheet t ype, 2 passes for all ot hers.
D ut y: Default : 0.004 x surface area ( SF) ; 0.01262 x
surface area ( M2) .
Va por iza t ion : Max: 100; Default : * 20*
Spe cific gr a vit y t ow e r bot t om s: Default : * 0.50*
M ole cula r w e ight bot t om s: Default : * 100*
H e a t of va por iza t ion: Default : * 150*
St r e ss r e lie f: Default : See Area Design Basis
CODE - Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES - Provide st ress relief
NO - No st ress relief required
TEM A t ype : Default : Based on t he specified
t herm osiphon design sym bol.
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-36
Reboilers - continued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
The “u-tube” reboiler is identical to the “kettle”
type reboiler except that there is a U-tube bundle in
it instead of a floating head type tube bundle. The
term kettle reboiler is derived from the fact that the
bottoms from the distillation column accumulate in
a pool (the height of the weir) in the reboiler and
boil like liquid in a kettle. Therefore, both the .utube. and .kettle. reboilers are kettle type reboilers
in the nomenclature of the chemical process
industry.
U TUBE
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a :
Ent er eit her heat t ransfer area or num ber of shells,
t ubes/ shell and t ube dat a.
N u m be r of sh e lls:
Ent er eit her heat t ransfer area or num ber of shells,
t ubes/ shell and t ube dat a.
Tu be m a t e r ia l:
Default : * A 214* t o 900 DEG F [ 482 DEG C] , * 304S*
for higher t em perat ures. See Chapt er 28 for t ube
dat a.
Tu be de sign ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
Default : * 150* PSI G [ * 1,000* KPA]
Tu be de sign t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : * 400* DEG F [ * 200* DEG C] for copper
alloys; ot her m at erial: * 650* DEG F [ * 340* DEG C]
Tu be ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : design t em perat ure
Tu be ou t side dia m e t e r :
Range: 0.25 - 6.0 I NCHES [ 6 - 150 MM] ;
Default : * 1.0* I NCHES [ * 25* MM]
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l:
Default : * A285C* t o 900 DEG F [ 482 DEG C] ,
SS304 for higher t em perat ures
She ll de sign ga u ge pr e ssu r e : Default : * 150* PSI G
[ * 1,000* KPA]
She ll de sign t e m pe r a t ur e : Default : * 400* DEG F
[ * 200* DEG C] for copper alloys; * 650* DEG F
[ * 340* DEG C] ot her m at erial.
Sh e ll ope r a t in g t e m pe r a t u r e : Default : design
t em perat ure
Tu be side pipe m a t e r ia l: See Chapt er 18 for pipe
m at erials.
Sh e ll side pipe m a t e r ia l: See Chapt er 18 for pipe
m at erials.
N u m be r of t ube s pe r sh e ll: Ent er eit her heat
t ransfer area or num ber of shells, t ubes/ shell and t ube
dat a.
- Cont inued on next page -
5-37
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
Re boile r s ( RB) - cont inued
U Tu be cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Tu be le n gt h e x t e n de d: Range: 8 - 120 FEET [ 2.5 - U TUBE
36 M] ; Default : * 40* FEET [ * 12 M]
Tube ga ge : Ent er t ube gauge or t hickness, not bot h,
including corrosion allowance. Range: 1 - 24 BWG
Tube w a ll t hick ne ss: Ent er t ube gauge or t hickness,
not bot h, including corrosion allowance. Range: 0.02 0.34 I NCHES [ 0.6 - 8.6 MM] .
Tu be cor r osion a llow a n ce : Default : * 0.0025*
I NCHES [ * 0.06* MM] for CS, * 0.0* for ot her
m at erials.
Tu be pit ch: Default : * 1.25 x t ube out side diam et er*
Tu be pit ch sym bol: Default : * TRI ANGULAR*
DI AMOND - Diam ond t ube pit ch
SQUARE - Square t ube pit ch
TRI ANGULAR - Triangular t ube pit ch
She ll dia m e t e r : Max: 192 I NCHES [ 4,875 MM] ;
Default : * 1.5 x port diam et er*
She ll w a ll t hick ne ss: Shell t hickness including
corrosion allowance.
She ll cor r osion a llow a n ce : Default : * 0.125*
I NCHES [ * 3* MM] for CS, * 0.0* for ot her m at erials.
Tu be sh e e t cor r osion a llow a n ce : See Chapt er 28
for m at erials.
Default : Lesser of 50 x t ube corrosion allowance, or
0.25 I NCHES [ 6 MM] .
Cla dding t hick ne ss: See Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
Default : * 0.125* I NCHES [ * 3* MM] if cladding
m at erial is specified; ot herwise: * 0.0*
Cla dding loca t ion: Default : * SHELL*
SHELL - Cladding on shell side only
TUBE - Cladding on t ube side only
BOTH - Cladding on bot h shell and t ube sides
N um be r of t ube pa sse s: * 2*
D ut y: Default : 0.004 x surface area ( SF)
[ 0.01262 x surface are ( M2) ]
Va por iza t ion : Max: 100; Default : * 90*
Spe cific gr a vit y t ow e r bot t om s: * 0.5*
M ole cula r w e ight bot t om s: * 100*
H e a t of va por iza t ion: * 150* BTU/ LB [ * 350* KJ/ KG]
St r e ss r e lie f: Default : See Area Design Basis
CODE - Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES - Provide st ress relief
NO - No st ress relief required
TEM A t ype : Default : * BKU*
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-38
Fu r n a ce s, Pr oce ss H e a t e r s ( FU)
Furnaces ar e com m only used t o heat a process fluid t o a high t em perat ure
( 600 - 1200 DEG F) . Furnaces are also called fired heat ers or direct fired
heat ers because t he source of heat is oil or gas fueled burners.
Furnaces are usually cylindrical ( vert ical heat er) or rect angular ( box heat er) in
shape. The burners m ay be locat ed in t he sides or floor of t he furnace. The
walls of t he furnace ar e refract ory ( an insulat ing heat resist ant m at erial) lined.
The furnace w ill have one or m ore sm oke st acks. The process fluid being
heat ed flow s t hrough horizont al t ubes in a box furnace or vert ical t ubes in a
box fur nace or vert ical t ubes in a vert ical furnace. The am ount of heat
absorbed by t he process fluid defines t he size of t he furnace. Use absorbed
dut y for calculat ions.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Gas or oil fired for preheat ing, cracking; bridge walls BOX
separat e radiant and convect ion sect ions; horizont al
burners
Box furnaces are t he choice when a large am ount of
heat m ust be t ransferred t o a process st ream . Som e
specific applicat ions are:
• Pre- heat ing crude before it goes t o t he at m ospheric
or vacuum
• t opping unit s
• Heat ing for cat alyt ic cracking
• Providing heat for hydrocarbon cracking for
et hylene
• Providing heat for viscosit y breaking.
A box furnace is so nam ed because t he com bust ion
cham ber is box shaped. The radiant and convect ion
sect ions of t he box t ype furnace are separat ed by one
or m ore walls called bridge walls. The box furnace is
norm ally fired from end wall m ount ed burners; t hat is,
t he burners are m ount ed parallel t o t he floor and
perpendicular t o t he t ubes of t he furnace. Box t ype
furnaces are usually designed for large heat dut y,
t ypically above 170 MMBTU/ HR. The burners m ay be
fired wit h oil or gas. The box furnace can be used t o
provide heat input t o several different process st ream s
sim ult aneously.
M a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * CS*
D ut y:
Max: 500 MMBTU/ H [ 145 MEGAW]
St a n da r d ga s flow r a t e :
Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or and Aspen Process
Econom ic Analyzer only. For liquid process fluid, ent er
liquid flow in GPM [ L/ S] in place of gas flow.
Pr oce ss t ype :
GAS- Gas process fluid
LI Q- Liquid process fluid
- Cont inued on next page -
5-39
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
Fu r n a ce s, Pr oce ss H e a t e r s ( FU) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
BOX - cont inued
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
Max: 6,000 PSI G [ 41,000 KPA] ;
Default : * 500* PSI G [ * 3,500* KPA]
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Max: 1,500 DEG F [ 815 DEG C] ;
Default : * 750* DEG F [ * 400* DEG C]
A- fram e process heat er wit h sloping walls, radiant
sect ion along sides and roof of cabin, convect ion
sect ion in duct above roof of radiant sect ion and
vert ical floor- m ount ed burners. For use as hot oil
heat er, pre- heat er or cracking. I ncludes int egral
st acks.
H EATER
M a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
Default : * CS*
D ut y:
Max: 500 MMBTU/ H [ 145 MEGAW]
St a n da r d ga s flow r a t e :
Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or and Aspen Process
Econom ic Analyzer only. For liquid process fluid, ent er
liquid flow GPM [ L/ S] in place of gas flow.
Pr oce ss t ype :
GAS- Gas process fluid
LI Q- Liquid process fluid
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
Max: 6,000 PSI G [ 41,000 KPA] ;
Default : * 500* PSI G [ * 3,500* KPA]
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Max: 1,500 DEG F [ 815 DEG C] ;
Default : * 750* DEG F [ * 400* DEG C]
Pyrolysis.
PYROLYSI S
M a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * CS*
D ut y:
Max: 500 MMBTU/ H [ 145 MEGAW]
St a n da r d ga s flow r a t e :
Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or and Aspen Process
Econom ic Analyzer only. For liquid process fluid, ent er
liquid flow in GPM [ L/ S] in place of gas flow.
Pr oce ss t ype :
GAS- Gas process fluid
LI Q- Liquid process fluid
- Cont inued on next page -
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-40
Fu r n a ce s, Pr oce ss H e a t e r s ( FU) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
PYROLYSI S - cont inued
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
Max: 6,000 PSI G [ 41,000 KPA] ;
Default : * 500* PSI G [ * 3,500* KPA]
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Max: 1,500 DEG F [ 815 DEG C] ;
Default : * 750* DEG F [ * 400* DEG C]
Box- t ype reform er wit hout cat alyst .
REFORM ER
M a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * CS*
D ut y:
Max: 500 MMBTU/ H [ 145 MEGAW]
St a n da r d ga s flow r a t e :
Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or and Aspen Process
Econom ic Analyzer only. For liquid process fluid, ent er
liquid flow in GPM [ L/ S] in place of gas flow.
Pr oce ss t ype :
GAS- Gas process fluid
LI Q- Liquid process fluid
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
Max: 6,000 PSI G [ 41,000 KPA] ;
Default : * 500* PSI G [ * 3,500* KPA]
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Max: 1,500 DEG F [ 815 DEG C] ;
Default : * 750* DEG F [ * 400* DEG C]
Gas or oil fired vert ical cylindrical t ype for low heat
dut y range m oderat e t em perat ure wit h long cont act
t im e.
VERTI CAL
M a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * CS*
D ut y:
Max: 500 MMBTU/ H [ 145 MEGAW]
St a n da r d ga s flow r a t e :
For liquid process fluid, ent er liquid flow in GPM [ L/ S]
in place of gas flow.
Pr oce ss t ype :
GAS- Gas process fluid
LI Q- Liquid process fluid
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
Max: 6,000 PSI G [ 41,000 KPA] ;
Default : * 500* PSI G [ * 3,500* KPA]
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Max: 1,500 DEG F [ 815 DEG C] ;
Default : * 750* DEG F [ * 400* DEG C]
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-41
TEM A Ex ch a n ge r Con st r u ct ion
N om e n cla t u r e
5-42
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
I ca r u s Su ppor t e d TEM A Type s
She ll a nd Tube H e a t Ex cha nge r s
U - TUBE
FLOAT H EAD
FI XED - T- S
Fr on t En d
St a t ion a r y H e a d
Type s
A, B, C
A, B, C
A, B, N
She ll Type s
E, F, G, H, J, X
E, F, G, H, J, X
E, F, G, H, J, X
Re a r End H e a d
Type s
U
P, S, T, W
L, M, N
THERMOSIPH
KETTLE
A, B, C
A, B, C, N
A, B, N
K,
E* * , J*
K
U
L, M, N, P* , S* , T* , U*
T
Reboilers
Front End Stationary U-TUBE
Head Types
Fr on t En d
St a t ion a r y H e a d
Type s
She ll Type s
Re a r End H e a d
Type s
TEMA CLASS B: Equipm ent cost includes shell, t ube bundle, nozzles and saddles.
* Horizont al only
* * Vert ical only
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-43
5-44
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
5-45
5-46
5 H e a t Tr a n sfe r ( G1 0 )
6 Pa ck in g, Lin in gs
( G6 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
I nt roduct ion t o Packing
I nt roduct ion t o Lining
Packing, Linings ( PAK, LI N)
Acid Brick
Cast able Refract ories and Gunning Mixes
Fluorocarbon Linings
Glass Linings
Refract ory Brick
Resin Linings
Rubber Linings
Lead Linings
Zinc Linings
Suggest ed Lining Difficult y Adj ust m ent s
6 Pa ck in g, Lin in gs ( G6 )
6-1
I n t r odu ct ion t o Pa ck in g
There are t wo t ypes of packing used in packed t ower:
•
Packing t hat is chem ically suit able t o perform a m ass t ransfer operat ion ( e.g.,
act ivat ed alum ina for desulfurizat ion or desiccat ion.
•
Packing const ruct ed of inert m at erial t o provide surface area for m ass t ransfer.
I nert packing is m ost com m only used since it can be ut ilized repeat edly wit hout
significant det eriorat ion. The m aj orit y of inert packings used are of t he ring or
saddle t ype.
Ring packings are com m only m ade of m et al or plast ic except for Raschig rings, which
are generally ceram ic. Ring packings are used m ost ly in dist illat ion because of t heir
excellent t urndown propert ies and availabilit y in press- form ed m et als of all t ypes.
Usually ring- t ype packings are used in handling organic m at erials when t here are no
m aj or corrosion problem s. Unfort unat ely rings do not prom ot e m ost redist ribut ion of
liquids, and t he Raschig ring occasionally prom ot e liquid m aldist ribut ion.
Saddle t ype packings are com m only m ade from ceram ic or plast ic, seldom from m et al.
Saddles are used largely in absorpt ion and regenerat ion operat ions because t hey
provide good liquid redist ribut ion and are available in ceram ic and plast ic, which yield
good corrosion resist ance at very low cost . Saddles are usually used for aqueous
syst em s when corrosion is a m aj or fact or.
Qualit ies t hat are desirable in t he select ion of t ower packings are:
•
High percent age of void space.
•
I rregularit y of shape t o prevent pat t ern packing.
•
Low resist ance t o m at erial flow ( low pressure drop) .
•
Large act ive surface exposed per unit volum e ( high surface ar ea per
cubic foot / m et er) .
•
Com plet e ut ilizat ion of surface for m ass t ransfer.
•
Suit ably shaped t o produce t urbulent cont act bet w een phases.
•
Large num ber of int erst it ial t ransfer point s per unit volum e.
•
Good int ernal liquid dist ribut ion charact erist ics.
•
Wide operat ing range wit h lit t le efficiency variat ion.
•
Mechanically st rong t o wit hst and norm al loads in service and
physical handling.
•
Minim um weight and low side t hrust on t he t ower shell.
•
Available in a wide variet y of m at erials.
•
Minim um invest m ent per year of service life.
•
Clean design t o m inim ize st agnant area and fouling.
•
Capable of easy rem oval from t ower and cleaning.
The packing fact or, F, is a st andard param et er t hat provides a capacit y rat ing
for packings, by correlat ion of pressure dr op ver sus gas flow rat e t hrough t he
packing. I t represent s a rat io of a specific packing surface t o t he bed voidage
space in t he packed bed. Low packing fact ors are desirable.
Size 3 :1 .0 CPR, 0 .5 PPR, 1 .0 PPR, 1 .5 PPR, 2 .0 PPR
6-2
6 Pa ck in g, Lin in gs ( G6 )
0 .5 SPR, 1 .0 SPR, 1 .5 SPR, 2 .0 SPR
The Pall ring is especially useful for dist illat ion operat ions at any pressure. The
Pall r ing is also used in absor pt ion and st ripping operat ions, part icularly in high
pressure absorbers wit h sm all diam et er shells where t he abilit y t o handle high
liquid and gas rat es allow for m aj or cost savings.
Pall rings are Raschig rings t hat have t heir wall opened w it h t he proj ect ions
bent inward, perm it t ing com plet e access t o t he int erior for bot h gas and liquid
flow. This design m akes possible great er capacit y, lower pressure dr op, high
gas and liquid rat es, great er efficiency, bet t er m aint enance of dist ribut ion,
lower liquid hold- up and less ent rainm ent t han t he convent ional Raschig ring.
Pall rings are available in car bon st eel, st ainless st eel, alum inum alloys,
copper, m onel, nickel and inconel. Plast ic Pall rings are available in
polypropylene, glass reinforced polypropylene and halar. Diam et er sizes range
from 0.5 t o 2.0 I NCHES.
Siz e 3 :1 .0 CRR, 1 .5 CRR, 2 .0 CRR, 3 .0 CRR
1 .0 PRR, 1 .5 PRR, 2 .0 PRR, 3 ,0 PRR
1 .0 SRR, 1 .5 SRR, 2 .0 SRR, 3 .0 SRR
1 .0 KRR, 1 .5 KRR, 2 .0 KRR, 2 .0 KRR
Raschig rings, perhaps t he m ost com m only used packing, are useful in dist illat ion,
absorpt ion and st ripping operat ions. They provide increasing efficiency as loading
increases t o t he point of incipient flooding, beyond which t heir operat ion becom es
unst able. They are not suggest ed for use when high efficiencies are required or when
liquid loading approaches flooding.
Raschig rings are sm all hallow cylinders. They are t he least efficient inert
packing available because t heir const ruct ion does not prom ot e m uch liquid
dist ribut ion, occasionally m ay prom ot e liquid m aldist r ibut ion, lends it self t o
pat t ern packing, and does not provide m uch t urbulent cont act bet ween
phases. They are available in carbon st eel, st ainless st eels, st oneware,
porcelain, karbat e and plast ics. Diam et er sizes range from 1.0 t o 3.0 I NCHES.
Siz e 3 :0 .5 CI S, 1 .0 CI S, 1 .5 CI S, 2 .0 CI S
0 .5 PI S, 1 .0 PI S, 1 .5 PI S, 2 .0 PI S
There are widely used in t he m anufact uring of sulfuric acid, CO2 absorpt ion in t he pulp
and paper indust ry, cooling and drying of chlorine and rem oval of noxious fum es in m ay
indust ries.
The I nt alox saddle is a packing t hat offers large t ot al surface area per cubic
foot , m inim um resist ance t o liquid and gas flow, high percent age of void
space, a low packing fact or, excellent liquid dist ribut ion, m axim um
random ness and high efficiency wit h a large capacit y in m ass t ransfer
operat ions. These qualit ies m ake I nt alox saddles especially effect ive in
dist ribut ion and absorpt ion operat ions. Saddles are available in ceram ics and
plast ics. Ceram ics are chem ical st oneware and chem ical porcelain, of which
chem ical porcelain is preferred since it is m echanically st ronger, non- porous,
ir on- fr ee and inert t o chem ical at t ack. Plast ic saddles are available in
polypropylene, linear polyet hylene, rigid PVC, CPVC, glass reinforced
polypropylene, kynar and halar. Diam et er sizes range from 0.25 t o 3.0
I NCHES.
Siz e 3 :0 .5 CBS,.7 5 CBS, 1 .0 CBS, 1 .5 CBS
0 .5 PBS,.7 5 PBS, 1 .0 PBS, 1 .5 PBS
6 Pa ck in g, Lin in gs ( G6 )
6-3
0 .5 FBS,.7 5 FBS, 1 .0 FBS, 1 .5 FBS
0 .5 SBS,.7 5 SBS, 1 .0 SBS, 1 .5 SBS
0 .5 KBS,.7 5 KBS, 1 .0 KBS, 1 .5 KBS
These it em s are used wit h slight ly less efficiency t han I nt alox saddles for
dist illat ion, st ripping and absorpt ion operat ions.
A Berl saddle is a negat ively warped surface r esem bling a saddle. Berl saddles
have one short com ing. Their efficiency changes wit h changes in loading. As
loading approaches flooding, m ass t ransfer becom es unst able and
unpredict able. However, t hey do prom ot e good liquid dist ribut ion, have a high
percent age of void space and provide a lar ge sur face area for m ass t ransfer.
They are available in st oneware, porcelain, ceram ics, plast ics, st ainless st eel,
carbon st eel and in karbat e. Diam et er sizes range from 0.5 t o 1.5 I NCHES.
Siz e 3 :ALM N A
Act ivat ed alum inas are used for desiccat ion of liquids and gasses, desulfurizat ion,
cat alyt ic applicat ions and as scavengers for various cont am inant s such as fluorides.
Act ivat ed alum inas are m anufact ur ed in granular and ball form s as cryst als
and gels. They are highly porous and inert .
Siz e 3 :ACT- C
Act ivat ed carbon is effect ively and econom ically ut ilized in decolorizat ion, odor
rem oval, solvent recovery, refining gasses and liquids, cat alyst s and
adsorpt ion. I t s m aj or uses are in solut ion purificat ion, such as t he clean- up of
cane, beet and corn sugar solut ions, and for t he rem oval of t ast es and odors
fr om wat er supplies, veget able and anim al fat s and oils, alcoholic beverages,
chem icals and pharm aceut icals. Also com m only used in t he recovery of
gasoline from nat ural gas, recovery of benzol from m anufact ured gas and t he
recovery of solvent s vaporized in indust rial processes such as t he m anufact ure
of rayon, rubber product s, film and plast ics. Ot her com m on uses are rem oving
im purit ies from gases such as hydrogen, nit rogen, helium , am m onia, and CO2
and rem oving organic sulfur com pounds, H2S, and ot her im purit ies ( Fe, Cu)
fr om m anufact ured and synt hesis gases.
Act ivat ed carbons can be divided int o t w o m ain classes:
•
Those used for adsorpt ion of gases and vapors, for which a granular m at erial,
providing great surface area and pore volum e is generally em ployed.
•
Those used in purificat ion of liquid, for which a powdered m at erial is desired.
Many carbonaceous m at erials t reat ed wit h oxidizing gases ( e.g., coal, lignit e,
sawdust ) m ay be used for t he m anufact ure of act ivat ed carbon depending on
it s desired applicat ion. Act ivat ion is a physical change where t he surface of t he
carbon is great ly increased by t he rem oval of hydrocarbons.
Size 3 : M 1 0 7 YA, M 1 0 7 YB, M 1 0 7 YC, M 7 6 YA, M 7 6 YB, M 7 6 YC,
M 7 6 X A, M 7 6 XB, M 7 6 X C, M 6 2 YA, M 6 2 YB, M 6 2 YC,
M 3 5 YA, M 3 5 YB, M 3 5 YC, M 3 5 XA, M 3 5 X B, M 3 5 XC
St r uct ured packing consist s of layers of corrugat ed ( crim ped) st eel sheet s
st acked parallel t o each ot her in sect ions t hat are t ypically 8 t o 12 inches high.
The sheet s are t ypically grooved and perforat ed and are arranged at a fixed
angle wit h respect t o t he vert ical axis. For a given packing t ype, changing t his
angle of orient at ion will alt er t he packing fact or while m aint aining t he surface
area per unit volum e and weight per unit volum e. When inst alled in a colum n,
6-4
6 Pa ck in g, Lin in gs ( G6 )
t hese sect ions, or " elem ent s" , are placed at a predet erm ined angle t o each
ot her ( horizont al rot at ion) . This angle is t ypically 90° .
At low liquid rat es, st ruct ured packing is t ypically m ore efficient t han random
packing due t o great er surface area per unit volum e. Alt hough t he act ual
packing cost is significant ly great er for st ruct ured packing, t he increased
efficiency allows for a sm aller, less expensive colum n. St ruct ured packing is
also m ore desirable because it is less prone t o dist ribut ion problem s and it
gives a lower pressure drop per t heoret ical st age. As t he liquid rat e increases
( beyond 20 gpm / ft 2) , t he advant age of st ruct ured packing dim inishes
significant ly.
I n t r odu ct ion t o Lin in g
A lining is m at erial t hat lines t he inside sur face of a t ank, t ower, furnace, or
ot her piece of process equipm ent and prot ect s t hat piece of equipm ent from
dest ruct ion by high t em perat ure, corrosion or abrasion. Som e of t he com m on
lining t ypes follow.
Acid Brick
These linings are used in Acid Service ( pH less t han 4.5) t o pr ot ect a
m em brane coat ing fr om det eriorat ion due t o abrasion or high t em perat ure ( T
great er t han 150 DEG F) . Red Shale Brick ( RSB) is t he cheapest and can be
used in low t em perat ure service. When a m ore refract ory m at erial is desired,
acid resist ant fireclay ( 30% alum ina) is used.
Acid br ick can be inst alled wit h t wo different m ort ars. Silica m ort ar is m ore
econom ical but can not be used in all applicat ions. Furfural based m ort ar is
m ore expensive but is resist ant t o a wider range of m at erials.
Castable Refractories and Gunning Mixes
These m at erials can be inst alled in varying t hicknesses. For t hicknesses
great er t han 4 I NCHES, it is necessary t o use anchors t o hold t he refract ory t o
t he m et al sur face. Gunning m ixes have higher m at erial cost s and lower labor
cost t han cast ables; t hus, inst alled cost s of t he t w o ar e approxim at ely equal.
Fift y percent alum ina gunning m ix is useful in services involving severe
abrasion, reducing at m ospheres and m oderat e t em perat ures. Typical
applicat ions are cyclones, fluid cat alyt ic cracking, napht ha reform ing and
coking.
Ninet y percent alum ina cast able and 90% alum ina gunning m ix ar e useful for
applicat ions wit h t em perat ures higher t han 50% alum ina gunning m ixes.
Fluorocarbon Linings
Fluorocarbon linings are resist ant t o a wide variet y of corrosive chem icals at
t em perat ures up t o 180 DEG F. The m ost com m on fluorocarbon linings are Teflon TM and
Kynar TM.
6 Pa ck in g, Lin in gs ( G6 )
6-5
Gla ss Lin in gs
Glass linings are shop inst alled and are all sat isfact ory for a wide range of
corrosive services at t em perat ures up t o 450 DEG F.
Refractory Brick
These linings are used in high t em perat ure service. Select ion of t he t ype brick
t o be used is a funct ion of t he process t em perat ure, expect ed degree of
chem ical at t ack and expect ed degree of abrasion.
I nsulat ing firebrick has lower t herm al conduct ivit y and heat capacit y t han
refract ory firebrick. I t is generally used as a backing for refract ory firebrick.
Since it is relat ively non- resist ant t o chem ical at t ack and abrasion, it is used as
t he inner lining only when no erosion or abrasion is expect ed. I nsulat ing
firebrick is ASTM Group 26 m at erial ( good t o 2,600 DEG F) .
Sixt y percent alum ina firebrick is a high alum ina refract ory useful for operat ing
condit ions involving t herm al cycling and chem ical at t ack. Sulfuric acid
processing and spent acid regenerat ion are t w o applicat ions for t his m at erial.
Ninet y percent alum ina firebr ick is a high alum ina refract ory useful in
operat ing condit ions involving t herm al shock, slagging, corrosion and high
t em perat ures. Typical applicat ions for t his m at erial ar e hydrot reat ing and
sulfur burners.
Resin Linings
Resin linings are used in a var iet y of corrosive services at operat ing
t em perat ures up t o 250 DEG F. These linings offer good solvent resist ance.
Som e com m on resis linings are asphalt ic resin, epoxy resin and phenolic resin.
Resin linings m ay be applied by spray gun, brush or roller.
Rubber Linings
These linings are sat isfact ory in a wide range of corrosive ser vices at
t em perat ures less t han 150 DEG F. Rubber linings are alm ost always applied in
t he vendors shop. The m ost com m on rubber linings are but yl rubber, nat ural
rubber and neoprene.
Le a d Lin in gs
Lead sheet was used ext ensively in t he m anufact ure of sulfur ic acid. Today,
new process t echnology has nearly elim inat ed t he use of lead as a lining
m at erial.
Zin c Lin in gs
Zinc is frequent ly applied t o wat er t anks for cat hodic prot ect ion. The zinc can be flam e
sprayed ( also called m et allizing) or paint ed ont o t he carbon st eel base m at erial. Flam e
spraying is t he process whereby m et allic zinc is vaporized in a flam e and sprayed ont o
t he st eel base m at erial. The hot zinc does not m erely coat t he carbon st eel, it form s an
alloy wit h t he st eel several m ils deep.
6-6
6 Pa ck in g, Lin in gs ( G6 )
Zinc can also be support ed in an epoxy base paint and brushed, rolled or sprayed ont o
t he st eel.
Pa ck in g, Lin in gs ( PAK, LI N )
See Mat erial Select ions chapt er for a com plet e list .
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Variet y of vessel packing m at erials including rings,
saddles and ot her form ed shapes, crushed m at erials,
adsorbent s, resins, et c.
PACKI N G
Pa ck in g t ype :
See Chapt er 28 for packing m at erials.
6 Pa ck in g, Lin in gs ( G6 )
6-7
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Brick and m ort ar for acid service applied t o prot ect a
m em brane coat ing from det eriorat ion under
ACI D BRI CK
abrasive or high pr essure service.
Lining m a t e r ia l:
Default : * 25RSB*
25RSB- 2.5 I NCHES [ 62 MM] red shale
45RSB- 4.5 FI NCHES [ 112 MM] red shale
80RSB- 8.0 I NCHES [ 200 MM] red shale
25AFC- 2.5 I NCHES [ 62 MM] Al f- clay
45AFC- 4.5 I NCHES [ 112 MM] Al fclay
90AFC- 9.0 I NCHES [ 225 MM] Al fclay
M or t a r t ype :
Default : * FUR*
FUR- Furfural base m ot ar
SI L- Silicone base m ot ar
Lining a dj u st m e n t :
See “ Suggest ed Lining Difficult y Adj ust m ent .”
Ra nge :
1 - 10; Default : * 4*
Cast able refract ory or gunned m ixes.
M ON OLI TH I C
Lining m a t e r ia l:
Default : * GUNI T*
GUNI T- Gunit e on wire m esh
GUNA5- Gunn. 50% Al anchored
GUNA9- Gunn. 90% Al anchored
CASA9- Cast . 90% Al anchored
GUN50- Gunn. 50% Al no anchor
GUN90- Gunn. 90% Al no anchor
CAS90- Cast . 90% Al no anchor
Lining t hick n e ss:
Max: 9 I NCHES [ 225 MM] ;
Default : 4 I NCHES [ 100 MM]
- Cont inued on next page -
6-8
6 Pa ck in g, Lin in gs ( G6 )
Pa ck in g, Lin in gs ( PAK, LI N ) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
I tem
M ON OLI TH I C - cont inued
Lining a dj u st m e n t :
See “ Suggest ed Lining Difficult y
Adj ust m ent .” Range: 1 - 10; Default : * 4*
Brick: 60% , 90% alum ina firebrick, insulat ing
firebrick; abrasion resist ant , replaceable linings:
ceram ic, rubber, st eel, alloy; coat ings: organic, glass
and m et allic.
OTH ER
Lining m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for lining m at erials.
D e fa u lt :
* EPLCS*
Lining a dj u st m e n t :
See “ Suggest ed Lining Difficult y
Adj ust m ent .” Range: 1 - 10; Default : * 4*
Su gge st e d Lin in g D ifficu lt y
Adj u st m e n t s
W or k I t e m
D ifficu lt y Adj u st m e n t
Lining a st raight t ank
1
Typical lining
4
Lining a large horizont al vessel
( < 5000 GALLON [ 19 M3] capacit y)
6
Lining a sm all horizont al vessel
( < 5000 GALLON [ 19 M3] capacit y)
8
Sm all, obst ruct ed area
6 Pa ck in g, Lin in gs ( G6 )
10
6-9
6-10
6 Pa ck in g, Lin in gs ( G6 )
7 Pu m ps
( G1 0 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
Cent r ifugal Pum ps ( CP)
Gear Pum ps ( GP)
Pist on, Ot her Posit ive Displacem ent Pum ps ( P)
Pum p Efficiencies
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
7-1
Ce n t r ifu ga l Pu m ps ( CP)
I ncludes pum p, baseplat e, driver; general t ypes:
API - 610 t ype:
High ( 60xHZ) , low ( 30xHZ) speed.
ANSI t ype:
ANSI B123.1 or Am erican Volunt ary St andard, single st age
cent rifugal, process and general service; horizont al, end
suct ion, cent erline discharge; high ( 60xHZ) , m edium ( 30xHZ) ,
low ( 20xHZ) speed.
CENTRI F t ype:
Single and m ult iple st age cent rifugal pum ps, horizont al, split
casing ( not barrel or cart ridge t ype) , for process or general
service when flow, head and pressure condit ions exceed
general service; elect ric, t urbine, gasoline engine drives.
General Service:
Cast iron pum ps for general service; high ( 60xHZ) , m edium
( 30xHZ) speed.
I N LI NE t ype:
Mount ed for service on t he line; high ( 60xHZ) , m edium
( 30xHZ) , low speed ( 20xHZ) .
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Available in a wide variet y of alloys and exot ic
AN SI
m at erials including carbon st eel casings wit h st ainless
st eel im pellers ( SF = st ainless fit t ed) for flows t o 2000
GPM [ 125 L/ S] , and addit ionally in FRP for flows t o 500
GPM [ 31 L/ S] .
Ca sing m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * CS*
Liquid flow r a t e :
MAX: 2,000 GPM [ 125 L/ S]
- Cont inued on next page -
7-2
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
Ce n t r ifu ga l Pu m ps ( CP) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
AN SI - cont inued
Fluid he a d:
MAX: 75 FEET [ 25 M] at 20 x HZ; 200 FEET
[ 60 M] at 30 x HZ; 575 FEET [ 175 M] at
60 x HZ.
Default : * 75* FEET [ * 25* M]
Spe e d:
Range: 1,200 - 3,600 RPM;
Speed varies wit h pum p head
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
Range: 0.2 - 5.0; Default * 1.0*
D r ive r t ype :
NONE- No driver
* MOTOR* - St andard m ot or driver
VFD- Variable frequency m ot or driver
TURBI NE, - Turbine driver
GAS ENGI NE- Gas engine driver
Seal t ype:
PACK- Packing
* SNGL* - Single m echanical seal
TNDM- Tandem m echanical seal
DBLE- Double m echanical seal
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
MAX: 500 DEG F [ 260 DEG C] ;
Default : * 120* DEG F [ * 50* DEG C]
Fluid viscosit y:
Default : * 1.0* CPOI SE [ * 1.0* MPA- S]
Pu m p e fficie n cy:
Range: 10 - 100
St e a m ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
St eam pressure for t urbine drivers only.
Default : * 400* PSI G [ * 2,800* KPA] .
Pr im a r y se a l pipe pla n:
* 11* - API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 11
12- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 12
13- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 13
21- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 21
22- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 22
23- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 23
31- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 31
32- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 32
41- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 41
2- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 2
- Cont inued on next page -
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
7-3
Ce n t r ifu ga l Pu m ps ( CP) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
AN SI - cont inued
Se conda r y se a l pipe pla n:
Default : * NONE*
51- API secondary seal piping plan num ber
52- API secondary seal piping plan num ber
53- API secondary seal piping plan num ber
54- API secondary seal piping plan num ber
61- API secondary seal piping plan num ber
62- API secondary seal piping plan num ber
Coolin g w a t e r pipe pla n :
Default : * NONE*
A- API cooling wat er piping plan A
B- API cooling wat er piping plan B
C- API cooling wat er piping plan C
D- API cooling wat er piping plan D
E- API cooling wat er piping plan E
F- API cooling wat er piping plan F
G- API cooling wat er piping plan G
H- API cooling wat er piping plan H
J- API cooling wat er piping plan J
K- API cooling wat er piping plan K
L- API cooling wat er piping plan L
Pipe pla n pipe t ype :
Default : * WELD*
TUBE- Tubing
THRD- Threaded pipe/ fit t ings
* WELD* - Welded pipe/ fit t ings
WFLG- Welded/ flanged pipe fit t ings
Pipe pla n m a t e r ia l t ype :
Default : Based on casing m at erial.
A 106- A 106
304P- SS304
316P- SS316
51
52
53
54
61
62
Plast ic ANSI single st age pum p.
AN SI PLAST
Liquid flow r a t e :
Capacit y lim it : 250 GPM [ 15 L/ S] at 30 x HZ; 500 GPM
[ 31 L/ S] at 60 x HZ.
Fluid he a d:
MAX: 90 FEET [ 27 M] at 30 x HZ, 575 FEET [ 175 M] at
60 x HZ] ; Default : * 75* FEET [ * 25* M]
Spe e d:
Range: 1,800 - 3,600 RPM; Speed varies wit h pum p
head
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
Range: 0.2 - 50; Default : 1.0
- Cont inued on next page -
7-4
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
Ce n t r ifu ga l Pu m ps ( CP) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
AN SI PLAST - cont inued
D r ive r t ype :
Default : * MOTOR*
NONE- No driver
MOTOR- St andard m ot or driver
VFD- Variable frequency m ot or driver
TURBI NE, - Turbine driver
GAS ENGI NE- Gas engine driver
Se a l t ype :
Default : * SNGL*
PACK- Packing
SNGL- Single m echanical seal
TNDM- Tandem m echanical seal
DBLE- Double m echanical seal
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
MAX: 250 DEG F [ 107 DEG C] ;
Default * 120* DEG F [ * 50* DEG C]
Fluid viscosit y:
Default : * 1.0* CPOI SE [ * 1.0* MPA- S]
Pu m p e fficie n cy:
Range: 1 - 100
St e a m ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
St eam pressure for t urbine drivers only. Default :
* 400* PSI G [ 2,800 KPA] .
API 610 t ype available in a variet y of casing m at erials. API 6 1 0
Ca sing m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
Fluid he a d:
MAX: 200 FEET [ 60 M] at 30 x HZ; 700 FEET [ 210 M]
at 60 x HZ RPM. Default : * 225* FEET [ * 25* M] RPM
Spe e d:
Range: 1,800 - 3,600 RPM;
Speed varies wit h pum p head
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
Range: 0.2 - 5.0; Default : * 1.0*
D r ive r pow e r :
MI N: > 0
I f you specify a driver power great er t han 300 HP wit h
a MOTOR driver t ype, I carus generat es a Tot ally
Enclosed Wat er Cooled ( TEWAC) m ot or. I n Aspen
Process Econom ic Analyzer and Aspen Capit al Cost
Est im at or, I carus also generat es addit ional piping lines
for cooling wat er and an addit ional t em perat ure
cont rol loop.
- Cont inued on next page -
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
7-5
Ce n t r ifu ga l Pu m ps ( CP) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
API 6 1 0 - cont inued
D r ive r t ype :
Default : MOTOR
NONE- No driver
* MOTOR* - St andard m ot or driver
VFD- Variable frequency m ot or driver
TURBI NE, - Turbine driver
GAS ENGI NE- Gas engine driver
Se a l t ype :
Default : * SNGL*
PACK- Packing
* SNGL* - Single m echanical seal
TNDM- Tandem m echanical seal
DBLE- Double m echanical seal
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
MAX: 850 DEG F [ 450 DEG C] ;
Default : * 120* DEG F [ * 50* DEG C]
Fluid viscosit y:
Default : * 1.0* CPOI SE [ * 1.0* MPA- S]
Pu m p e fficie n cy:
Range: 10 - 100
St e a m ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
St eam pressure for t ubine drivers only. Default :
* 400* PSI G [ * 2,800* KPA] .
Pr im a r y se a l pipe pla n:
* 11* - API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 11
12- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 12
13- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 13
21- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 21
22- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 22
23- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 23
31- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 31
32- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 32
41- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 41
2- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 2
Se conda r y se a l pipe pla n: Default : * NONE*
51- API secondary seal piping plan num ber 51
52- API secondary seal piping plan num ber 52
53- API secondary seal piping plan num ber 53
54- API secondary seal piping plan num ber 54
61- API secondary seal piping plan num ber 61
62- API secondary seal piping plan num ber 62
- Cont inued on next page -
7-6
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
Ce n t r ifu ga l Pu m ps ( CP) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
API 6 1 0 - cont inued
Coolin g w a t e r pipe pla n :
Default : * NONE*
A- API cooling wat er piping plan A
B- API cooling wat er piping plan B
C- API cooling wat er piping plan C
D- API cooling wat er piping plan D
E- API cooling wat er piping plan E
F- API cooling wat er piping plan F
G- API cooling wat er piping plan G
H- API cooling wat er piping plan H
J- API cooling wat er piping plan J
K- API cooling wat er piping plan K
L- API cooling wat er piping plan L
Pipe pla n pipe t ype :
Default : * WELD*
TUBE- Tubing
THRD- Threaded pipe/ fit t ings
* WELD* - Welded pipe/ fit t ings
WFLG- Welded/ flanged pipe fit t ings
Pipe pla n m a t e r ia l Type :
Default : Based on casing m at erial.
A 106- A 106
304P- SS304
316P- SS316
API 610 in- line pum p
API 6 1 0 I L
Ca sing m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * CS*
Liquid flow r a t e :
MAX: 450 GPM [ 38 M] at 30 x HZ,
900 GPM [ 56 L/ S] at 60 x HZ.
Fluid he a d:
MAX: 125 FEET [ 38 M] at 30 x HZ, 500 FEET [ 152 M]
at 60 x HZ; Default : * 225* FEET [ * 25* M]
Spe e d:
Range: 1,800 - 3,600 RPM; Default : * 1,800* RPM.
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
Range: 0.2 - 5.0; Default : * 1.0*
D r ive r t ype :
* STD* - St andard m ot or
VFD- Variable frequency drive
NONE- No driver
- Cont inued on next page -
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
7-7
Ce n t r ifu ga l Pu m ps ( CP) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
API 6 1 0 I L - cont inued
Se a l t ype :
PACK- Packing
* SNGL* - Single m echanical seal
TNDM- Tandem m echanical seal
DBLE- Double m echanical seal
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
MAX: 850 DEG F [ 450 DEG C] ;
Default : * 120* DEG F [ * 50* DEG C] .
Fluid viscosit y:
Default : * 1.0* CPOI SE [ * 1.0* MPA- S] .
Pu m p e fficie n cy:
Range: 10 - 100
Pr im a r y se a l pipe pla n:
Default : * 11*
11- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 11
12- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 12
13- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 13
21- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 21
22- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 22
23- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 23
31- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 31
32- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 32
41- API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 41
2- No prim ary seal piping plan
Se conda r y se a l pipe pla n:
Default : * NONE*
51- API second seal piping plan num ber 51
52- API second seal piping plan num ber 52
53- API second seal piping plan num ber 53
54- API second seal piping plan num ber 54
61- API second seal piping plan num ber 61
62- API second seal piping plan num ber 62
Coolin g w a t e r pipe pla n :
Default : * NONE*
A- API cooling wat er piping plan A
B- API cooling wat er piping plan B
C- API cooling wat er piping plan C
D- API cooling wat er piping plan D
E- API cooling wat er piping plan E
F- API cooling wat er piping plan F
G- API cooling wat er piping plan G
H- API cooling wat er piping plan H
J- API cooling wat er piping plan J
K- API cooling wat er piping plan K
L- API cooling wat er piping plan L
7-8
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
Ce n t r ifu ga l Pu m ps ( CP) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
High speed vert ical in- line API 610 cent rifugal pum p
H I GH SPEED
wit h a single im peller st age, int egral speed- increasing
gearbox, wit h a vert ical m ot or m ount , for use in high
head/ low flow applicat ions.
Ca sing m a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
See Chapt er 28 of t he I carus Reference Guide for
m at erials.
Fluid he a d:
MAX: 2,000 FEET [ 600 M]
MI N: 500 FEET [ 150 M]
Default : * 500* FEET [ * 150* M]
Spe e d:
Range: 1,800 - 3,600 RPM; Default : * 3,600*
N ot e : Applies t o m ot or speed, not im peller speed.
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
Range: 0.2 - 5.0; Default : * 1.0*
D r ive r pow e r :
MI N: > 0
N ot e : I f you specify a driver power great er t han 300
HP wit h a MOTOR driver t ype, Aspen Econom ic
Evaluat ion generat es a Tot ally Enclosed Wat er Cooled
( TEWAC) m ot or. I n Aspen Process Econom ic Analyzer
and Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or, Aspen Econom ic
Evaluat ion also generat es addit ional piping lines for
cooling wat er and an addit ional t em perat ure cont rol
loop.
D r ive r t ype :
Default : MOTOR
NONE - No driver
* MOTOR* - St andard m ot or driver
VFD - Variable frequency m ot or driver
TURBI NE, - Turbine driver
GAS ENGI NE - Gas engine driver
Se a l t ype :
Default : * SNGL*
PACK - Packing
* SNGL* - Single m echanical seal
TNDM - Tandem m echanical seal
DBLE - Double m echanical seal
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
MAX: 850 DEG F [ 450 DEG C]
Default : * 120* DEG F [ * 50* DEG C]
Fluid viscosit y:
Default : * 1.0* CPOI SE [ * 1.0* MPA- S]
Pu m p e fficie n cy:
Range: 10 - 100
- Cont inued on next page -
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
7-9
D e scr ipt ion
Type
St e a m ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
St eam pressure for t urbine drivers only. Default :
* 400* PSI G [ * 2,800* KPA] .
Pr im a r y se a l pipe pla n:
* 11* - API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 11
12 - API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 12
13 - API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 13
21 - API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 21
22 - API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 22
23 - API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 23
31 - API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 31
32 - API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 32
41 - API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 41
2 - API prim ary seal piping plan num ber 2
Se conda r y se a l pipe pla n:
Default : * NONE*
51 - API secondary seal piping plan num ber 51
52 - API secondary seal piping plan num ber 52
53 - API secondary seal piping plan num ber 53
54 - API secondary seal piping plan num ber 54
61 - API secondary seal piping plan num ber 61
62 - API secondary seal piping plan num ber 62
Coolin g w a t e r pipe pla n :
Default : * NONE*
A - API cooling wat er piping plan A
B - API cooling wat er piping plan B
C - API cooling wat er piping plan C
D - API cooling wat er piping plan D
E - API cooling wat er piping plan E
F - API cooling wat er piping plan F
G - API cooling wat er piping plan G
H - API cooling wat er piping plan H
J - API cooling wat er piping plan J
K - API cooling wat er piping plan K
L - API cooling wat er piping plan L
Pipe pla n pipe t ype :
Default : * WELD*
TUBE - Tubing
THRD - Threaded pipe/ fit t ings
* WELD* - Welded pipe/ fit t ings
WFLG - Welded/ flanged pipe fit t ings
Pipe pla n m a t e r ia l t ype :
Default : Based on casing m at erial.
A 106 - A 106
304P - SS304
316P - SS316
- Cont inued on next page -
7-10
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Vert ical axial flow pum p for flows great er t han
1600 GPM [ 100 L/ S] .
I ncludes pum ping unit and m ot or driver.
AX I AL FLOW
M a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * CS*
Liquid flow r a t e :
Max GPM < 1,300,000/ head [ FT] ,
Max L/ S < 25,000/ head [ M] .
Fluid he a d:
MAX: 75 FEET [ 25 M] ; Default : * 75* FEET [ * 25* M]
Te m pe r a t u r e :
MAX: 500 DEG F [ 260 DEG C] ;
Default : * 120* DEG F [ * 50* DEG C]
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
Range: 0.2 - 5.0; Default : * 1.0*
Horizont al pum p wit h canned m ot or.
CAN N ED
Ca sing m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * CS*
Liquid flow r a t e :
MAX: 400 GPM [ 25 L/ S]
Fluid he a d:
MAX: 200 FEET [ 60 M] ; Default : * 75* FEET [ * 25* M]
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
Range: 0.2 - 5.0; Default : * 1.0*
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
MAX: 850 DEG F [ 450 DEG C] ;
Default : * 120* DEG F [ * 50* DEG C]
Fluid viscosit y:
Default : * 1.0* CPOI SE [ * 1.0* MPA- S]
Pu m p e fficie n cy:
Range: 10 - 100
Single and m ult ist age cent rifugal pum ps available in a CEN TRI F
variet y of casing m at erials.
For process or general service when flow/ head
condit ions exceed general service; horizont ally split
casing not a cart ridge or barrel pum p.
Ca sing m a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Fluid he a d:
Default : * 75* FEET [ * 25* M]
Spe e d:
Varies wit h pum p head
- Cont inued on next page -
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
7-11
Ce n t r ifu ga l Pu m ps ( CP) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
CEN TRI F - cont inued
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
Range: 0.2 - 5.0; Default : 1.0
D r ive r t ype :
Default : MOTOR
NONE- No driver
* MOTOR* - St andard m ot or driver
VFD- Variable frequency m ot or driver
TURBI NE, - Turbine driver
GAS ENGI NE- Gas engine driver
Se a l t ype :
PACK- Packing
* SNGL* - Single m echanical seal
TNDM- Tandem m echanical seal
DBLE- Double m echanical seal
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : * 120* DEG F [ * 50* DEG C]
Fluid viscosit y:
Default : * 1.0* CPOI SE [ * 1.0* MPA- S]
Pu m p e fficie n cy:
Range: 10 - 100
St e a m ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
St eam pressure for t urbine drivers only. Default :
* 400* PSI G [ * 2,800* KPA] .
General service, cast iron for flow s t o 2000 GPM GEN SERV
[ 125 L/ S] .
Ca sing m a t e r ia l:
Default : * CI *
Liquid flow r a t e :
MAX: 2,000 GPM [ 125 L/ S]
Fluid he a d:
MAX: 200 FEET [ 60 M] at 30 x HZ, 275 FEET [ 80 M] at
60 x HZ; Default : * 75* FEET [ * 25* M]
Spe e d:
Range: 1,800 - 3,600 RPM
Speed varies wit h pum p head
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
0.2 - 5.0; Default : * 5.0*
D r ive r t ype :
NONE- No driver
* MOTOR* - St andard m ot or driver
VFD- Variable frequency m ot or driver
TURBI NE, - Turbine driver
GAS ENGI NE- Gas engine driver
- Cont inued on next page -
7-12
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
Ce n t r ifu ga l Pu m ps ( CP) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
GEN SERV - cont inued
Se a l t ype :
PACK- Packing
* SNGL* - Single m echanical seal
TNDM- Tandem m echanical seal
DBLE- Double m echanical seal
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
MAX: 250 DEG F [ 120 DEG C] ;
Default : * 120* DEG F [ * 50* DEG C]
Fluid viscosit y:
Default : * 1.0* CPOI SE [ * 1.0* MPA- S]
Pu m p e fficie n cy:
Range: 10 - 100
St e a m ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
St eam pressure for t urbine drivers only. Default :
* 400* PSI G [ * 2,800* KPA] .
General service in- line pum p.
I ncludes pum p and m ot or driver.
I N LI N E
Ca sing m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * CS*
Liquid flow r a t e :
MAX: GPM x head [ FEET] < 43,000, L/ S x head
[ M] < 825.
Fluid he a d:
Default : * 75* FEET [ * 25* M]
Spe e d:
Range: 1,200 - 3,600 RPM; Default : * 1,800* RPM.
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
Range: 0.2 - 5.0; Default : * 1.0*
D r ive r t ype :
* STD* - St andard m ot or
VFD- Variable frequency drive
NONE- No driver
Seal t ype:
PACK- Packing
* SNGL* - Single m echanical seal
TNDM- Tandem m echanical seal
DBLE- Double m echanical seal
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
MAX: 500 DEG F [ 260 DEG C] ;
Default : * 120* DEG F [ * 50* DEG C]
Fluid viscosit y:
Default : * 1.0* CPOI SE [ * 1.0* MPA- S]
Pu m p e fficie n cy:
Range: 10 - 100
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
7-13
Ce n t r ifu ga l Pu m ps ( CP) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Vert ical m ot or wit h t urbine im peller for wet pit s, TURBI N E
t anks and sum ps.
I ncludes pum ping unit and m ot or driver.
M a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * CS*
Liquid flow r a t e :
MAX: Flow ( GPM) x Head ( FT) < 990,000 [ Flow ( L/ S) x
Head ( M) < 8250]
Fluid he a d:
Default : * 75* FEET [ * 25* M] ; MAX: Flow ( GPM) x
Head ( FT) < 990,000 [ Flow ( L/ S) x Head ( M) < 8250]
Te m pe r a t u r e :
Default : * 120* DEG F [ * 50* DEG C] ; MAX: 500 DEG F
[ 260 DEG C]
Fluid Spe cific Gr a vit y:
Range: 0.2 - 5.0; Default : * 1.0*
Low consist ency st ock pum p.
PULP STOCK
Ca sing m a t e r ia l:
* CI * - Cast iron
SS316- SS316
Liquid flow r a t e :
Range: 100 - 28,000 GPM [ 6.4 - 1,765 L/ S]
Fluid H e a d:
Range: 15 - 350 FEET [ 4.6 - 106 M]
Spe e d:
Default : * 1,800* RPM
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y.:
Range: 0.2 - 5.0; Default : 1.0
D r ive r t ype :
NONE- No driver
* MOTOR* - St andard m ot or driver
VFD- Variable frequency driver
TURBI NE- Turbine driver
GAS ENGI NE- Gas engine driver
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : * 120* DEG F [ * 50* DEG C]
Con sist e n cy Air D r ie d: Percent by weight of air dried
( AD)
solids in fluid. Range: 0.0 - 6.0; Default : * 1.0*
Pu m p e fficie n cy:
Range: 10 - 100
St e a m ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
St eam pressure for t urbine drivers only. Default :
* 400* PSGI [ * 2,800 KPA] .
7-14
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
Ce n t r ifu ga l Pu m ps ( CP) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
St andard ANSI m agnet ic drive pum p.
M AG D RI VE
Ca sing m a t e r ia l:
* SS* - St ainless st eel
C 20- Carpent er 20
HASTC- Hast eloy C
Liquid flow r a t e :
MAX: 300 GPM [ 18.9 L/ S] at 30 x HZ, 600 GPM
[ 37.8 L/ S] at 60 x HZ
Fluid he a d:
MAX: 200 FEET [ 60 M] at 30 x HZ, 400 FEET [ 120 M]
at 60 x HZ; Default : * 75* FEET [ * 25* M]
Spe e d:
Range: 1,800 - 3,600 RPM; Speed varies wit h pum p
head
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
Range: 0.2 - 5.0; Default : * 1*
D r ive r t ype :
* MOTOR* - St andard m ot or driver
VFD- Variable frequency driver
NONE- No driver
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
MAX: 275 PSI G [ 1,895 KPA]
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
MAX: 450 DEG F [ 230 DEG C] ;
Default : * 120* DEG F [ * 50* DEG C]
Fluid viscosit y:
Default : * 1* CPOI SE [ * 1* MPA- S]
Pu m p e fficie n cy:
Range: 10 - 100
SAN PUM P
Sanit ary cent rifugal pum p
For use as a product m over in a w ide range of
sanit ary and indust rial applicat ions. Mat erial of
const ruct ion is SS316.
Pu m p size se le ct ion :
Sym bol
I nle t
I nchPound
Out le t
I nch-
Met ric
Pound
Met ric
25x20
2.5 I NCHES
65 MM
2 I NCHES
50 MM
30x20
3 I NCHES
75 MM
2 I NCHES
50 MM
30X25
3 I NCHES
75 MM
2.5 I NCHES 65 MM
40X30
4 I NCHES
40X40
4 I NCHES
100 MM 3 I NCHES
100 MM
4 I NCHES
75 MM
100 MM
- Cont inued on next page -
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
7-15
Ce n t r ifu ga l Pu m ps ( CP) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
SAN PUM P - cont inued
SAN PUMP
Required: select pum p size or ent er capacit y and head.
Fluid he a d: MAX: 365 FEET [ 109 M] ( at m axim um
speed)
Spe e d
* 30xHZ*
60XHZ
M a x im um H e a d
I nch- Pound
Met ric
92 FEET
28 M
365 FEET
63 M
Required: ent er capacit y and head or select pum p size.
Liquid flow r a t e : MAX: 1,000 GPM [ 62.5 GPM] ( at
m axim um
speed)
Spe e d
M a x im um H e a d
I nch- Pound
Met ric
* 30xHZ*
610 GPM
38.4 L/ S
60XHZ
1,000 GPM
63 L/ S
Required: ent er capacit y and head or select pum p
size.
Spe e d
I nch- Pound
Met ric
Default
1,800 RPM
1,500RPM
MI N:
1,800 RPM
1,500RPM
MAX:
3,600 RPM
3,000 RPM
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
* 45 PSI G [ 310 KPA] * , MAX: 45 PSI G [ 310 KPA]
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
* 68 DEG F [ 20 DEG C] * , MAX: 120 DEG F [ 50 DEG C]
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
* 1.0* , MI N: 0.25, MAX: 5.0
Pu m p e fficie n cy:
MI N: 10, MAX: 100
D r ive r t ype :
* TXXDC* - St andard TEFC m ot or
WXXDC- Washdown TEFC m ot or
WVRDC- VFD rat ed m ot or only ( no cont roller)
WVCDC- VFD rat ed m ot or wit h cont roller
Se a l t ype :
* SNGL* - Single m echanical seal
SNGW- Single m echanical seal w/ wat er cooling
DBLW- Double m echanical seal w/ wat er cooling
7-16
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
Ce n t r ifu ga l Pu m ps ( CP) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sanit ary flum ing pum p wit h feeder hopper
FLUM E PUM P
For t ransferring delicat e food product s, like
m ushroom s and cranberries. Uses wat er as a
prot ect ive cushion. Mat erial of const ruct ion is
SS304.
Liqu id flow r a t e :
MAX: 4,150 GPM [ 260 L/ S] . I ncludes wat er and
product .
Re qu ir e d: ent er eit her diam et er; head and
capacit y; or head and product rat e.
Maxim um head decreases as capacit y increases.
At t he m axim um capacit y of 4,150 GPM [ 260 L/
S] , t he m axim um head is 45 FEET [ 13.7 M] .
Pr odu ct r a t e :
MAX: based on m axim um capacit y ( 4,150 GPM
[ 260 L/ S] ) , specific gravit y, and H20/ product
rat io. Required: ent er eit her diam et er; head and
capacit y; or head and product rat e.
I n le t a n d ou t le t dia m e t e r :
MI N: 4 I NCHES [ 100 MM] , MAX: 10 I NCHES [ 250 MM]
Fluid he a d:
* 35* FEET [ * 10.7* M] , MAX: 110 FEET [ 33.5 M]
Maxim um head decreases as capacit y increases.
The pum p is dead- headed at 110 FEET [ 35.5 M] .
At t he m axim um capacit y of 4,150 GPM [ 260 L/
S] , t he m axim um head is 45 FEET [ 13.7 M] .
W a t e r t o pr odu ct w e igh t r a t io: * 10*
D e sign pr e ssu r e ga u ge :
* 45 PSI G [ 310 KPA] * , MAX: 45 PSI G [ 310 KPA]
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
* 68 DEG F [ 20 DEG C] * , MAX: 120 DEG F [ 50 DEG C]
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
* 1.0* , MI N: 0.2, MAX: 5.0 ( of wat er- product m ixt ure) .
Pu m p e fficie n cy:
MI N: 10, MAX: 100
- Cont inued on next page -
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
7-17
Ce n t r ifu ga l Pu m ps ( CP) - cont inued.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
FLUM E PUM P - cont inued.
H oppe r le ngt h: Minim um hopper lengt h depends on
diam et er:
D ia m e t e r
M in im um H oppe r Le n gt h
4 I NCHES [ 100 MM]
2.0 FEET [ 0.610 M]
6 I NCHES [ 150 MM]
3.5 FEET [ 1.067 MM]
8 I NCHES [ 200 MM]
5.0 FEET [ 1.524 M]
10 I NCHES [ 250 MM]
6.0 FEET [ 1.829 M]
En closu r e t ype :
OPEN- Closed fram e unit
* CLOSE* - Open fram e unit
7-18
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
Ge a r Pu m ps ( GP)
For t he pum ping of viscous fluids, such as polym ers and resins. St andard
rot ary pum ps can pum p fluids wit h viscosit ies as great as 250,000 CP and
special designs are available t o handle viscosit ies up t o 1,000,000 CP.
The principal of operat ion is t hat as t wo rot ors r ot at e, proj ect ions on t he rot ors
m esh and unm esh. They unm esh on t he suct ion side of t he pum p creat ing a
cavit y which is filled wit h liquid. As t he rot ors cont inue t o t urn, t he liquid is
t rapped bet ween t he proj ect ions of t he rot ors and t he pum p casing. The liquid
is carried t o t he discharge side of t he pum p in t hese pocket s. At t he discharge
side, t he rot ors m esh and t he liquid is squeezed out of t he pum p.
I ncludes pum p, baseplat e, driver ( opt ional) .
D e scr ipt ion
St andard ext ernal gear r ot ar y pum p
Type
GEAR
For pum ping of viscous fluids t o 300 GPM [ 18 L/
S] , such as polym ers and resins; st andard t ype
ext ernal gear rot ary pum p.
I ncludes m ot or driver.
M a t e r ia l:
* CS* - Carbon st eel
CI - Cast iron
SS- St ainless st eel
BRONZ- Bronz
Liquid flow r a t e :
MAX: 300 GPM [ 18 L/ S] .
Viscosit y:
MAX: 30,000 CSTOKE [ 30,000 MM2/ S] ;
Default : * 32* CSTOKE [ * 32* MM2/ S] .
Spe e d:
MAX: 600 RPM; Default : * 90* RPM.
Canned rot or gear pum p
Explosion- proof m ot or, t o 570 GPM [ 35 L/ S] .
CAN N ED RTR
M a t e r ia l:
* SS316*
Liquid flow r a t e :
40 - 570 GPM [ 3 - 35 L/ S]
Spe e d:
MAX: 1,800 RPM; Default : * 1,800* RPM
Viscosit y:
Default : * 32* CSTOKE [ * 32* MM2/ S]
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
7-19
Ge a r Pu m ps ( GP) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Mechanical seal gear pum p
Wit h m echanical seal, t o 480 GPM [ 30 L/ S] . I ncludes
m ot or driver.
M ECH SEAL
M a t e r ia l:
* GSLCS* ( Glass- lined CS)
Liquid flow r a t e :
Range: 35 - 480 GPM [ 3 - 30 L/ S] .
Spe e d:
MAX: 1,800 RPM; Default : * 1,800* RPM.
7-20
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
Pist on , Ot h e r Posit ive
D ispla ce m e n t Pu m ps ( P)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Reciprocat ing sim plex wit h st eam driver.
SI M PLEX
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Liquid flow r a t e :
Range: 5.5 - 910 GPM [ 0.4 - 56 L/ S]
Fluid he a d:
MAX: 1,000 FEET [ 300 M]
Te m pe r a t u r e :
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
Range: 0.2 - 5.0; Default : * 1.0*
D r ive r pow e r :
Range: 3 - 10 HP [ 2.22 - 7.5 KW]
Reciprocat ing duplex wit h st eam driver.
D UPLEX
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Liquid flow r a t e :
MAX: 1,000 GPM [ 62 L/ S]
Fluid he a d:
MAX: 1,000 FEET [ 300 M]
Te m pe r a t u r e :
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
Range: 0.2 - 5.0; Default : * 1.0*
D r ive r pow e r :
Range: 2 - 100 HP [ 1.5 - 7.5 KW]
Triplex ( plunger) wit h pum p- m ot or driver.
TRI PLEX
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Liquid flow r a t e :
MAX: 1,000 GPM [ 62 L/ S]
Fluid he a d:
MAX: 1,000 FEET [ 300 M]
Te m pe r a t u r e :
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
Range: 0.2 - 5.0; Default * 1.0*
D r ive r pow e r :
Range: 2 - 100 HP [ 1.5 - 75 KW]
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
7-21
Pist on , Ot h e r Posit ive D ispla ce m e n t Pu m ps ( P) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
D I APH RAGM
Diaphragm pum p - TFE t ype.
I ncludes m ot or driver. For t he low capacit y
pum ping of hazardous, t oxic or abrasive
liquids. Alt hough diaphragm pum ps are m ade
wit h capacit ies of 100 GPM, generally t hey
handle 25 GPM or less. Diaphragm pum ps are
also frequent ly used as m et ering pum ps.
A diaphragm pum p is a t ype of reciprocat ing
pum p. A r eciprocat ing r od flexes a diaphragm
fabricat ed of m et al, rubber or plast ic. The
flexing of t he diaphragm produces t he
pum ping act ion.
The advant age of t he diaphragm pum p is t hat
no packing or seals are exposed t o t he liquid
being pum ped.
M a t e r ia l:
* CS* - Carbon st eel
SS316- SS316
Liquid flow r a t e :
Range: 0.012 - 600 GPM [ 1.3 - 37.5 L/ S]
Te m pe r a t u r e :
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
Range: 0.2 - 5.0; Default : * 1.0*
Slurry pum p.
SLURRY
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * SS316*
Liquid flow r a t e :
Range: 1.5 - 25 GPM [ 0.1 - 1.5 L/ S]
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
Range: 0.2 - 5.0; Default : * 1.0*
Te m pe r a t u r e :
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
7-22
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
Pist on , Ot h e r Posit ive D ispla ce m e n t Pu m ps ( P) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Rot ary ( sliding vanes) pum p. I ncludes m ot or driver.
ROTARY
M a t e r ia l:
Default s*
Liquid flow r a t e :
Range: 10 - 750 GPM [ 0.7 - 47 L/ S]
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
Range: 0.2 - 5.0; Default : * 1.0*
Te m pe r a t u r e :
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
M a t e r ia l:
BRONZ
Liquid flow r a t e :
Range: 25 - 450 GPM [ 1.6 - 28 L/ S]
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
Range: 0.2 - 5.0; Default : * 1*
Te m pe r a t u r e :
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
Reciprocat ing plunger pum p.
RECI P M OTR
I ncludes m ot or driver. Plunger pum ps are used for
pum ping hydraulic fluid, hydraulic de- scaling of st eel,
wat er flooding of oil fields, salt wat er disposal,
pum ping of propane, but ane and ot her volat ile liquids,
and for process pum ping requiring high pressures.
This it em is an elect ric m ot or driven plunger, power
pum p. A power pum p is a reciprocat ing pum p driven
t hrough a crankshaft . Alt hough t he RECI P- MOTR pum p
is driven by an elect ric m ot or, a power pum p m ay be
driven by a st eam or gas t urbine, a gas engine, or a
diesel engine as well. A plunger pum p is a
reciprocat ing pum p t hat displaces liquid from a
cylinder by t he reciprocat ing m ot ion of a long, slender,
solid rod called a plunger. On t he back- st roke of t he
plunger, t he cylinder fills wit h liquid and on t he
forward- st roke, t he liquid is expelled. The capacit y of a
plunger pum p is det erm ined by t he diam et er, st roke
and num ber of plungers. Plunger pum ps are m ade
from t wo t o nine plungers and in t wo basic
configurat ions, horizont al and vert ical depending on
whet her t he plungers are arranged horizont ally or
vert ically in t he m achine. Typically, discharge
pressures of plunger pum ps fall in t he range from
1,500 t o 6,000 PSI G, alt hough pressure as high as
20,000 PSI G can be handled in som e.
- Cont inued on next page -
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
7-23
Pist on , Ot h e r Posit ive D ispla ce m e n t Pu m ps ( P) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
RECI P M OTR - cont inued
M a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * CS*
Liquid flow r a t e :
Min: 0.01 GPM [ 0.4 L/ S]
Te m pe r a t u r e :
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
Range: 0.2 - 5.0; Default : * 1.0*
D r ive r pow e r :
MAX: 1,000 HP [ 750 KW]
High densit y st ock pum p wit h t win int erm eshing
screws.
H D STOCK
Ca sing m a t e r ia l:
* SS316* , SS317
St ock flow r a t e a ir dr ie d:
Flow rat e of air dried ( AD) solids in pum ped fluid.
MAX: 1,500 TPD [ 56 TON/ H]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e Ou t le t :
MAX: 160 PSI G [ 1,100 KPA] t o 550 TPD [ 20 TON/ H] ,
else 100 PSI G [ 688 KPA] .
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : * 120* DEG F [ * 50* DEG C]
Consist e n cy a ir dr ie d:
Percent by weight of air dried ( AD) solids in fluid.
Range: 10 - 20; Default : * 10*
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
Range: 0.2 - 5.0; Default : * 1*
Pu m p e fficie n cy:
Range: 10 - 100
D r ive r t ype :
NONE- No driver
* MOTOR* - St andard m ot or driver
VFD- Variable frequency m ot or driver
TURBI NE, - Turbine driver
GAS ENGI NE- Gas engine driver
Spe e d:
Default : * 1,800* RPM [ * 1,500* RPM]
St e a m ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
St eam pressure for t urbine drivers only. Default :
* 400* PSI G [ * 2,800* KPA] .
7-24
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
Pist on , Ot h e r Posit ive D ispla ce m e n t Pu m ps ( P) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sanit ary rot ary lobe pum p
ROTARYLOBE
Used for a wide range of fluids ( low or high viscosit y,
non- lubricat ing or abrasive) , t his pum p forwards
fluids, yet has a low im pact on solids and a relat ively
const ant discharge pressure.
Pum p size se le ct ion:
Sym bol
N om in a l Flow Ra t e / D ia m e t e r
GPM/ I NCHES
L/ S MM
06- 15
6 / 1.5
0.37 / 40
15 - 15
15 / 1.5
0.9 / 40
18 - 15
18 / 1.5
1.1 / 40
30 - 15
30 / 1.5
1.8 / 40
60 - 25
60 / 2.5
3.7 / 65
130 - 3
130 / 3
8.2 / 80
220 - 4
220 / 4
13.8 / 100
320 - 6
320 / 6
20.2 / 150
420 - 8
420 / 8
26.5 / 200
520 - 8
520 / 8
32.8 / 200
Required: select pum p size or ent er capacit y and exit
pressure.
Liquid flow r a t e :
MAX: 520 GPM [ 32.8 L/ S]
Required: select pum p size or ent er capacit y and exit
pressure.
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e Ou t le t :
MAX: 200 PSI G [ 1,375 KPA]
Required: select pum p size or ent er capacit y and exit
pressure.
I m pe lle r spe e d:
MAX: 10 x Hz RPM
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
* 1.0* , MI N: 0.2, MAX: 5.0
Fluid viscosit y:
* 1.0 CPOI SE [ 1.0 MPA- S] *
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
* 68 DEG F [ 20 DEG C] *
Se a l t ype :
* MECH* - Single m echanical seal
ORNG- O- ring seal
DBLE- Double m echanical seal
Re lie f cove r t ype :
* STD* - St andard cover
MAN- Manual relief cover
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
7-25
Pist on , Ot h e r Posit ive D ispla ce m e n t Pu m ps ( P) - cont inued.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sanit ary air diaphragm pum p
AI R DI APH
Mat erial of const ruct ion is SS316.
I f you require a foundat ion for t his it em , it m ust be
added.
I n le t a n d ou t le t dia m e t e r :
MI N: 1 I NCHES [ 25 MM DI AM] , MAX: 3 I NCHES DI AM
[ 75 MM DI AM]
Ent er eit her inlet / out let diam et er or capacit y
and head.
Liquid flow r a t e :
MAX: 220 GPM [ 13.7 L/ S] at 20 FEET [ 6 M]
Ent er eit her inlet / out let diam et er or capacit y and
head.
Fluid he a d:
MAX: 210 FEET [ 64 M] at 60 GPM [ 3.7 L/ S]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
MAX: 110 PSI G [ 750 KPA]
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
MI N: 68 DEG F [ 20 DEG C] , MAX: 300 DEG F [ 148
DEG C]
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
* 1.0* , MI N: 0.2, MAX: 5.0
Pu m p Efficie n cie s
7-26
Pump Type
Default Efficiency
Centrifugal Pumps
< 50 GPM = 60%
All Other Pumps
82%
Hi-Density Stock Pump
Calculated using an empirical correlation.
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
7-27
7-28
7 Pu m ps ( G1 0 )
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s
( G6 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
I nt roduct ion t o Towers and Colum ns
Tower/ Colum n Applicat ions
Tower/ Colum n I nt ernals
Descript ion of Tow ers/ Colum ns
Mat erials of Const ruct ion
Shell and Head Design
Double Diam et er Tow ers ( DDT)
Single Diam et er Tow ers ( TW)
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
8-1
I n t r odu ct ion t o Tow e r s a n d
Colu m n s
Towers are classified according t o t he t ype of “ int ernals” in t he t ower, and
according t o t he funct ion perform ed by t he t ower.
•
Towers m ay cont ain t rays. I f t he t ower cont ains t rays, t he vessel is called a
t ray t ow er, or, synonym ously, a t ray colum n.
•
Tower m ay cont ain packing. I f t he t ower cont ains a packing, t he vessel is called a
packed t ower, or packed colum n.
•
I f t he feed t o t he t ower is a hydrocarbon m ixt ure and t he t ower separat es t his
m ixt ure int o t wo fact ions or st ream s, one st ream cont aining t he m ore volat ile
com ponent s of t he feed and t he ot her st ream t he less volat ile com ponent s of t he
feed, t he t ower is called a fract ionat ion t ower. Ot her nam es for a fract ionat ion
t ower are: fract ionat ion colum n, fract ionat or, dist illat ion t ower and
dist illat ion colum n.
•
I f t he feed t o t he t ower is liquid, and t he t ower rem oves an undesirable gas which is
dissolved in t he feed, t he t ower is called a st ripping t ower. Ot her nam es for a
st ripping t ower are st ripping colum n and st ripper.
•
I f t he feed t o t he t ower is a gas m ixt ure cont aining one or m ore undesirable
com ponent s which are rem oved wit hin t he t ower by absorbing t hem wit h a suit able
solvent , t he t ower is called an absorpt ion t ower. Ot her nam es for an absorpt ion
t ower are: absorpt ion colum n and absorber.
•
I f t he feed t o t he t ower is a gas or liquid m ixt ure cont aining one or m ore
undesirable com ponent s, which are rem oved wit hin t he t ower by adsorbing t hem
ont o solid cat alyst pellet s, t he t ower is called an adsorpt ion t ower. Ot her nam es for
an adsorpt ion t ower are: adsorpt ion colum n and adsorber.
•
I f t he feed t o t he t ower is a liquid m ixt ure cont aining one or m ore undesirable
com ponent s which are rem oved by absorbing t hem wit h anot her liquid, t he t ower is
called an ext ract ion t ower or ext ract ion colum n.
Towers are sim ilar t o vert ical process vessels in t hat t hey are erect ed ver t ically
and t hey are cylindrical in shape wit h heads at each end of t he cylinder.
Towers are, however, norm ally m uch t aller t hen vert ical process vessels.
Typically t he lengt h t o diam et er rat io of a t ower ranges from 3: 1 t o 20: 1.
Towers t ypically range in diam et er from 3 t o 20 FEET and in height from 20 t o
150 FEET.
Tow e r / Colu m n Applica t ion s
Towers are com m only used for t he following purposes:
•
Dist illat ion
•
St ripping
•
Absorpt ion
•
Adsorpt ion
•
Ext ract ion.
A descript ion of t hese it em s follows.
D ist illa t ion — a pr ocess which separat es a m ixt ure of m at erials int o t wo or
m ore desired part s. The device which perform s t his operat ion m ay be called a
8-2
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
dist illat ion t ower, dist illat ion colum n or fract ionat or. The operat ion of a
dist illat ion colum n depends on t he fact t hat different m at erials boil at different
t em perat ures. For exam ple, wat er boils at 212 DEG F and et hyl alcohol ( t he
act ive ingredient in liquor) boils at 173 DEG F. Dist illat ion is not a new
concept . The m at erial which boils at t he lower t em perat ure is called t he light
or m ore volat ile com ponent . The m at erial wit h t he higher boiling point is called
t he heavy or less volat ile com ponent . I n t he case of et hyl alcohol and wat er,
we are dealing wit h a t wo com ponent or binary m ixt ure. This is not t he usual
case. More com m only, t he feed t o a dist illat ion colum n is a m ult i- com ponent
m ixt ure. For exam ple, cr ude oil cont ains hundreds of different com ponent s.
The purpose of dist illing crude oil is t o separat e it int o what are called fract ions
or cut s. Each fract ion or cut is not a pure com ponent , but a m ixt ure of
com ponent s which m ay be used as is or refined furt her. Crude dist illat ion
nor m ally is used t o pr oduce t hese fract ions: raw gasoline, raw kerosene, gas
oil and reduced crude.
St r ippin g — The process of ext ract ing a m at erial dissolved in a liquid phase
and t ransferring it int o a gas phase is called st ripping or desorpt ion. The
st ripping process is carried out in a device called a st ripping t ower or st ripping
colum n. The rem oval of am m onia from wat er is an exam ple of t he st ripping
process. Wat er wit h am m onia dissolved in it passes down t he st ripping t ower.
Air passing upward t hrough t he t ower st rips t he am m onia from t he wat er and
t he am m onia - air m ixt ure exit s from t he t op of t he t ower.
Absor pt ion — The process of t ransferring a m at erial from t he gas phase t o
t he liquid phase is called absorpt ion. The liquid int o which t he gaseous
com ponent dissolves is called t he absorbent . The device in which t he
absorpt ion process t akes place is called an absorpt ion t ower, absorpt ion
colum n or absorber. The rem oval of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from
t he nat ural gas wit h deit hanolam ine ( DEA) is an exam ple of t he absorpt ion
process. Nat ural gas, CO2 and H2S pass upward t hrough t he t ower. DEA
passing downwards absorbs t he CO2 and H2S.
Adsor pt ion — The process of t ransferring a m at erial from eit her t he gas or
liquid phase t o t he solid phase is called adsorpt ion. The solid t o which t he
liquid or gaseous com ponent at t ached it self is called t he adsorbent . The device
in which t he adsorpt ion process t akes place is usually called an adsorpt ion
t ower, adsorpt ion colum n or adsorber. I f t he purpose of t he adsorber is t o
rem ove wat er, t he t erm drying t ow er or dryer is oft en used.
Ex t r a ct ion — The process of t ransferring m at erial from one liquid phase t o
anot her im m iscible liquid phase is called liquid - liquid ext ract ion, solvent
ext ract ion or sim ply ext ract ion. I m m iscible liquids are liquids which do not
dissolve in each ot her, for exam ple, oil and wat er. I f t he t wo im m iscible liquids
are cont act ed count er current ly, t he cont act ing device is called an ext ract ion
colum n, ext ract ion t ow er or ext ract or.
Tow e r / Colu m n I n t e r n a ls
Tr a ys — May be divided int o t w o m aj or cat egories; cr ossflow t rays and
count er flow t rays. Crossflow t rays get t heir nam e because liquid flows across
t he t ray t o a downcom er w hile vapor r ises t hrough per forat ions in t he t ray
deck. There are t hree t ypes of crossflow t rays in com m on use t oday. They are
t he bubble cap, sieve t ray, and valve t ray. The bubble cap t rays were used
alm ost exclusively unt il about 1950. Since t hen, t he use of bubble cap t rays
has alm ost disappeared because t heir com plicat ed const ruct ion m akes t hem
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
8-3
heavy ( result ing in heavier and m ore expensive t ray support s) and expensive
t o fabricat e.
Bubble cap t rays get t heir nam e because vapor rises t hrough holes in t he t ray
and is collect ed underneat h bubble caps. Each cap has slot s in it t hrough which
t he vapor from t he t ray below bubbles int o t he liquid on t he t ray.
Sieve t rays are t he cheapest t rays t o fabricat e because of t heir sim ple design.
They consist of a perforat ed plat e t hrough which vapor rises from t he t ray
below, a weir t o hold a liquid level on t he t ray, and a downcom er w hich act s as
a downspout t o direct t he liquid t o t he t ray below. The operat ion of t he sieve
t ray depends on t he vapor velocit y t hrough t he perforat ions being high enough
t o keep t he liquid flowing across t he t ray and not down t hrough t he sam e
perforat ions t he vapor is rising t hrough. The drawback t o t he sieve t ray is t hat
it has a narrow operat ing range com pared t o t he bubble cap t ray and t he valve
t ray. Too low a vapor velocit y and t he liquid falls t hrough t he holes t o t he plat e
below - a condit ion called dum ping. Too high a velocit y and vapor doesn’t
bubble t hrough t he liquid on t he t ray. I nst ead, t he vapor pushes t he liquid
away fr om t he hole so t hat t here is no liquid- vapor cont act . This condit ion is
called coning.
Valve t rays have lift able caps which operat e like check valves. These caps
m ake valve t rays m ore expensive t han sieve t rays but t hey also increase t he
operat ing range of t he t ray. At low vapor velocit ies, t he caps close and pr event
dum ping.
The ot her m aj or cat egory of t rays is t he count erflow t ype. These t rays have no
downcom ers. The liquid falls t hrough t he sam e openings in t he t ray t hat t he
vapor from t he t ray below rises t hrough. This t ype of t ray is not widely used.
The m ost popular of t he count erflow t ype t ray is t he Turbogrid t ray.
Pa ck in gs — The second m aj or cat egory of t ower int ernals is packings.
Packings serve t he sam e purpose as t rays; t hey br ing a gas or vapor st r eam
int o int im at e cont act wit h a liquid st ream . Trays accom plish t his by pr oviding a
very large wet t ed surface area for t he gas or vapor t o flow by. Packed t owers
would norm ally be select ed inst ead of t ray t owers in t he following inst ances:
1
For colum ns less t han 2 FEET in diam et er, packing is generally cheaper.
2
I f highly corrosive fluids are being handled, packings are oft en
advant ageous because t hey can be m ade of ceram ic, carbon, plast ic or
ot her highly resist ant m et allic or non- m et allic m at erial.
3
Packed t owers are low pressure drop devices, t herefore, t hey are oft en used for
vacuum dist illat ions.
The m aj or disadvant ages of packed t ow ers are:
1
They have a narrower operat ing range t han t ray t owers.
2
A packed t ower m ust have a larger diam et er t han a t ray t ow er t o handle
t he sam e feed rat e.
The m ost com m on t ypes of packings are: Raschig rings, Berl saddles, I nt alox
saddles and Pall rings.
Adsorpt ion t owers are packed t owers; however, t heir funct ion is t o t ransfer a
m at erial from t he liquid or gas phase ont o t he surface of t he solid adsorbent .
Adsorbent s are not packing t ypes. Adsorbent s are generally eit her a granular
m at erial or else spherical or cylindrical shaped pellet s. Som e com m on
adsorbent s ar e: Fuller ’s eart hes ( nat ural clays) , act ivat ed clay, alum ina,
act ivat ed carbon and silica gel.
8-4
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
D e scr ipt ion of Tow e r s/ Colu m n s
“ Towers” and “ colum ns” are int erchangeable nam e for t he sam e device. These
devices have one of t w o funct ions. One is t o separat e a m ixt ure int o t wo or
m ore desired part s. The ot her funct ion is t o t ransfer a m at erial from one phase
t o anot her phase.
Towers are classified according t o t he funct ion perform ed. Exam ples are
dist illat ion, st ripping or ext ract ion. Towers are also classified by t he t ype of
device inst alled inside ( int ernals) so t he t ower can perform it s desired
funct ion. Tower int ernals consist of eit her t rays or packings.
Towers are always erect ed vert ically. They are usually t all and cylindrical in
shape. Som et im es t hey are designed wit h t he t op of t he t ower one diam et er
and t he bot t om a different ( usually larger) diam et er. This gives t he t ower a
“ Coke bot t le” shape and is called a double diam et er t ower.
The cylindrically shaped body of t he t ower is called t he shell. The shell is
closed at bot h ends wit h dom e- shaped covers called heads. There are t hree
head designs in com m on use:
•
Torispherical, t he m ost com m on of which is t he ASME flanged and dished
head
•
Ellipsoidal, also called ellipt ical, ellipt ical dished or 2: 1 ellipsoidal ( because
t he rat io of t he lengt h of t he m aj or t o t he m inor axis of t his head is 2: 1)
•
Hem ispherical.
Which kind of head t o use is an econom ic decision. The t orispherical head is
t he cheapest t o fabricat e, but is t he t hickest for a given pressure. The
ellipsoidal head is m ore expensive t o fabricat e t han t he t orispherical, but is
t hinner at t he sam e pressure. The hem ispherical head is t he m ost cost ly t o
fabr icat e, but is t he t hinnest for a given pressure. Thus, t he m at erial cost
decreases from t he t orispherical t o hem ispherical because t he head get s
t hinner, but t he fabricat ing cost s increase. At pressures below 150 PSI G t he
t orispherical head is generally t he cheapest . From 150 PSI G t o 500 PSI G, t he
ellipsoidal is usually select ed. Above 150 PSI G, t he hem ispherical head
becom es an econom ically viable alt ernat ive.
Openings ar e provided in t he shell and heads of a t ower so t hat process fluids
can ent er and leave. Ot her openings in t he t ower are pr ovided for drains,
purge connect ions and sam ple connect ions. These openings int o t he t ower are
called nozzles.
Nozzles range in diam et er from 1 I NCH for sm all drains, vent s and sam ple
connect ions t o 24 I NCHES [ 609.6 MM] or m ore for large process connect ions.
The sm all ( 1 I NCH) connect ions are usually m ade wit h pipe couplings, not wit h
welding necks and flanges.
Workers m ust be able t o ent er t he t ower aft er it is erect ed t o inst all and
m aint ain t he int ernals. Openings in t he t ow er pr ovided for t his purpose are
called m anholes or m anways. Manholes are j ust nozzles large enough for a
m an t o pass t hrough. Manholes range in diam et er from 18 - 48 I NCHES [ 1219
MM] .
A t ower is norm ally support ed by a st eel cylinder t he sam e diam et er as t he
t ower called a skirt . The skirt is welded t o t he t ower at one end and bolt ed t o
t he foundat ion at t he ot her.
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
8-5
I n addit ion t o nozzles, m anholes and skirt s, ot her appurt enances m ay be
at t ached t o t he t ower. These ot her ext ernals m ay include insulat ion clips for
t he support of insulat ion, lift ing lugs which are eyelet s t o which rigging is
at t ached so t hat t he t ower can be lift ed and placed on it s foundat ion, and
various st ruct ural st eel m em bers for t he support of plat form s and ladders.
Materials of Construction
The t ower shell and heads ar e usually fabr icat ed out of carbon or low alloy
st eel plat e.
As t he nam e im plies, t he prim ary alloying elem ent in car bon st eel is carbon.
All t he ot her alloying elem ent s in carbon st eel are lim it ed t o concent rat ions
less t han 0.5% . The m ost com m on m at erials of const ruct ion for t owers are t he
carbon st eels A515 and A516.
Low alloy st eel cont ain one or m ore alloying elem ent s besides carbon in
concent rat ions from 0.5% t o 10% . Alloying elem ent s in concent rat ions great er
t han 10% m ake t he st eel a high alloy st eel.
When ext rem ely corrosive m at er ials are t o be handled, t he t ower m ay be
fabr icat ed out of a high alloy st eel such as one of t he st ainless st eels, a nonferrous m et al such as t it anium or m onel, or a non- m et al such as FRP
( fiberglass reinforced polyest er) . However, because t hese m at er ials are eit her
very expensive or else have design lim it at ions such as low st r engt h, claddings
and linings are com m only used for corrosion resist ance. Clad plat e consist s of
a t hin layer of corrosion resist ant m et al perm anent ly bonded t o an inexpensive
carbon or low alloy st eel backing. Linings differ from claddings in t hat t here is
not a perm anent cont inuous bond bet ween t he corrosion resist ant m at erial
and t he backing m at erial, and t he corrosion resist ant m at erial is usually not a
m et al. Com m on lining m at erials are brick, cem ent , rubber and glass.
Shell and Head Design
Typically, m any com panies norm ally requir e t hat t ower shells and heads be
designed according t o t he lat est edit ion of Sect ion VI I I Division 1 of t he ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Towers m anufact ured in t he Unit ed St at es
will carry t he ASME code st am p cert ifying t hat t he vessel has been designed
and fabricat ed t o code st andards. Towers m anufact ured out side t he Unit ed
St at es are t o be designed and fabricat ed according t o code st andards as well,
but need not carry t he code st am p.
Towers which are unusually large, or t ow ers which are required t o operat e at a
very high pressure m ay be designed according t o Sect ion VI I I Division 2 of t he
ASME Code. Division 2 requires com plet e st ress analysis of t he process vessel.
This com plet e analysis allows t he vessel t o be designed wit h m uch sm aller
safet y fact ors. This result s in a vessel which has a t hinner shell and head and
is t herefore cheaper t o fabricat e t han t he sam e vessel designed according t o
t he rules of Division 1. Since a Division 2 design result s in a cheaper vessel,
why aren’t all process vessels designed according t o t he rules of Division 2?
Again it is a quest ion of econom ics. A Division 2 design is so com plex t hat t he
m oney spent in ext ra engineering t im e for t he vessel can easily exceed t he
savings realized in t he fabricat ion of t he vessel. Only in very large or t hick
walled vessels is t he econom ic advant age of a Division 2 clear- cut .
8-6
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
D ou ble D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( D D T)
Pressure/ vacuum ,
includes vessel
shell, heads,
t ransit ion sect ion,
single base
m at erial, lined or
clad, nozzles,
m anholes ( one
m anhole below and
above t ray st ack or
packed sect ion and
one m anhole every
t ent h t ray or 25
FEET [ 7.6 M] of
packed height ) ,
st iffening rings if
desired, base ring,
lugs, skirt or legs;
t ray clips, t ray
support s ( if
designat ed) ,
dist ribut or piping,
plat es, packing ( if packing designat ed) ; variet y of applicat ions for plat e and
packed t owers: absorpt ion, desorpt ion, dist illat ion or st ripping ( via ket t le or
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
8-7
t herm osiphon reboiler defined separat ely) , ext ract ion; applicat ions for packed
t owers: gas and liquid adsorpt ion; sect ions can be t rayed, packed, em pt y.
Syst em s wit h aut om at ic inst allat ion bulks ( Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or and
Aspen Process Econom ic Analyzer ) generat e plat form s for t owers. A t ower
begins wit h one 360 DEGREE plat form for t he first 25 FEET [ 7.6 M] , or fract ion
t hereof, of exposed height , plus one 90 DEGREE plat form for ever y addit ional
25 FEET [ 7.6 M] , or fract ion t hereof, of exposed height . I f t he t ower is in a
st ruct ure, t he syst em subt ract s t he height of t he st ruct ur e from t he t ot al t ower
height ( Bot t om T- T h e igh t + Sk ir t h e igh t ) t o calculat e t he t ot al exposed
height . To place a t ower in a st ruct ure, m ake t he area t ype OPEN or EX- OPEN
( see Chapt er 36 for area t ype descript ions) , or else use t he St r u ct u r e t a g
n u m be r t o assign t he t ow er t o t he open st eel st ruct ure ( OPN- STL- ST)
available under st eel plant bulks.
( See
Single Diameter Towers for t ray st acks.)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Packed double diam et er t ower.
PACKED
Applica t ion :
Defines vessel funct ion and relat ed
pipe/ inst rum ent at ion m odel.
Default : * ABSORB*
ABSORB- Absorpt ion
DESORB- Desorpt ion
DI STI L- Dist illat ion wit h t herm osiphon reboiler
( not included)
- Cont inued on next page -
8-8
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
D ou ble D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( D D T) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
PACKED - cont inued
DI S- RB- Dist illat ion wit h ket t ler reboiler ( not included)
EXTRAC- Ext ract ion
GAS- AD- Gas adsorpt ion
LI Q-AD- Liquid adsorpt ion
STRI PP- St ripping wit h t herm osiphone reboiler ( not
included)
STR- RB- St ripping wit h ket t le reboiler ( not included)
Ba se m a t e r ia l Bot t om :
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial
( cladding is defined below) . See Chapt er 28
for m at erials.
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e Bot t om .:
Default : Specified t op sect ion pressure, or 50 PSI G
[ 350 KPA] : negat ive for vacuum .
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e Bot t om :
Default : Specified t op sect ion t em p or 250 DEG F [ 120
DEG C] .
Pa ck ing m a t e r ia l Bot t om :
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
Default : * NONE*
Pa ck in g h e igh t Bot t om :
Default : * 0.0* FEET [ * 0.0* M]
Cla dding m a t e r ia l Bot t om :
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
Default : * NONE*
Sk ir t h e igh t :
Default : 1.5 x bot t om diam et er; ent er 0.0 if vessel
hung in OPEN st ruct ure.
M a nhole dia m e t e r Bot t om :
Max: 48 I NCHES [ 1,200 MM]
Th ick ne ss Bot t om se ct ion :
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion a llow a n ce Bot t om :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] for CS,
0.0 for ot her m at erials.
Cla dding t h ick n e ss Bot t om :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial is
specified; ot herwise: 0.0.
St iffe n in g r in g spa cing Bot t om :
Default st iffeners designed for vacuum only, ent er 0.0
if not required.
- Cont inued on next page -
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
8-9
D ou ble D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( D D T) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
PACKED - cont inued
Ba se m a t e r ia l Top:
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial
( cladding is defined below) . See Chapt er 28 for
m at erials. Default : * A 515*
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e Top:
Default : Specified bot t om sect ion pressure or 50 PSI G
[ 350 KPA] ; negat ive for vacuum .
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e Top:
Default : Specified bot t om sect ion t em perat ure or 250
DEG F [ 120 DEG C] .
Pa ck in g m a t e r ia l Top:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
Default : * NONE*
Pa ck ing he ight Top:
Default : * 0.0* FEET [ * 0.0* M]
Cla dding m a t e r ia l Top:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
Default : * NONE*
Pipe m a t e r ia l Top:
See Chapt er 18 for pipe m at erials.
M a nhole dia m e t e r Top:
Max: 48 I NCHES [ 1,200 MM]
Th ick ne ss Top se ct ion:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion a llow a n ce Top:
Default 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] for CS, 0.0 for ot her
m at erials.
Cla ddin g t h ick n e ss Top:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial is
specified; ot herwise: 0.0.
St iffe n in g r in g spa cing Top:
Default st iffeners designed for vacuum only, ent er 0.0
if not required.
W in d or se ism ic de sign :
Default : Vessel designed for wind and seism ic loads
defined in proj ect basis.
W+ S- Wind and seism ic design required
WI ND- Wind design only
SEI S- Wind/ seism ic design
NONE- Delet e wind and seism ic design
- Cont inued on next page -
8-10
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
D ou ble D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( D D T) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
PACKED - cont inued
Fluid volu m e :
Max: 100; Default : * 20* ; For seism ic design, fluid
volum e as a% of vessel volum e ( wat er assum ed) .
Va cuu m de sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case. Default : pressure.
W e ld e fficie ncy:
50 - 100; ASME/ JI S codes only, where allowed for t hin
wall vessels; Default : Area Design Basis.
St r e ss r e lie f:
Default : See Area Design Basis.
CODE- Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES- Provide st ress relief
NO- No st ress relief required
M ole cula r w e ight Ove r he a d pr od:
Default : 50 for dist illat ion and st ripping applicat ions;
ot herwise 30.
N u m be r body fla nge se t s Bot t om :
Num ber of set s ( pairs) of body flanges of sam e
diam et er as vessel.
N u m be r body fla nge se t s Top:
Num ber of set s ( pairs) of body flanges of sam e
diam et er as vessel.
D ia m e t e r opt ion :
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD;
Default : See Area Design Basis.
OD- Out side diam et er
I D- I nside diam et er
ASM E de sign ba sis:
Default : * D1NF* , applicable only for
ASME code design.
D1NF- ASME Division 1 - no fat igue analysis
D1F- ASME Division 1 - wit h fat igue analysis
D2NF- ASME Division 2 - no fat igue analysis
D2F- ASME Division 2 - wit h fat igue analysis
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
8-11
D ou ble D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( D D T) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Trayed double diam et er t ower.
Available t ray t ypes include: bubble cap, sieve, t urbo
grid, valve and clips and support s wit hout t rays.
TRAYED
Tr a y t ype :
Default : * VALVE*
VALVE- Valve t rays
BUBBL- Bubble cap t rays
TURBO- Turbo grid t rays
SI EVE- Sieve t rays
NONE.- No t rays
Applica t ion :
Defines vessel funct ion and relat ed pipe/
inst rum ent at ion m odel; Default : * DI STI L*
ABSORB- Absorpt ion
DESORB- Desorpt ion
DI STI L- Dist illat ion wit h t herm osiphon reboiler
( not included)
DI S- RB- Dist illat ion wit h ket t le reboiler
( not included)
EXTRAC- Ext ract ion
GAS-AD- Gas adsorpt ion
LI Q-AD- Liquid adsorpt ion
STRI PP- St ripping wit h t herm osiphon reboiler
( not included)
STR- RB.- St ripping wit h ket t le reboiler ( not included)
Ba se m a t e r ia l Bot t om :
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial
( cladding is defined below) . See Chapt er 28 for
m at erials. Default : * A 515* .
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e Bot t om :
Default : Specified t op sect ion pressure, or 50 PSI G
[ 350 KPA] ; negat ive for vacuum .
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e Bot t om :
Default : Specified t op sect ion t em perat ure or 250 DEG
F [ 120 DEG C] .
Bot t om t r a y m a t e r ia l or pa ck ing:
Specify t ray m at erial for t rays or packing m at erial for
packed sect ions. See Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
Default : * A 515* .
N o. t r a ys/ Pa ck e d he ight Bot t om :
Ent er num ber of t rays for t rayed sect ions or packing
height for packed sect ions. Default : * 0.0*
- Cont inued on next page -
8-12
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
D ou ble D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( D D T) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
TRAYED - cont inued
Th ick ne ss Top se ct ion:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion a llow a n ce Top:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] for CS, 0.0 for ot her
m at erials.
Cla dding t hick ne ss Top:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial is
specified; ot herwise: 0.0.
St iffe n in g r in g spa cing Top:
Default st iffeners designed for vacuum only, ent er 0.0
if not required.
W in d or se ism ic de sign :
Default : vessel design for wind and seism ic loads
defined in Proj ect Basis.
W+ S- Wind and seism ic design required
WI ND- Wind design only
SEI S- Seism ic design only
NONE- Delet e wind and seism ic design
Fluid volu m e :
For seism ic design; fluid volum e as a% of vessel
volum e ( wat er assum ed) ; Max: 100; Default : * 20* .
Va cuu m de sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case. Default : pressure.
W e ld e fficie ncy:
Range: 50 - 100; ASME/ JI S codes only, where allowed
for t hin wall vessels; Default : Area Basis.
St r e ss r e lie f:
Default : See Area Design Basis.
CODE- Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES- Provide st ress relief
NO- No st ress relief required
M ole cula r w e ight Ove r he a d pr od:
Default : 50 for dist illat ion and st ripping applicat ions;
ot herwise - 30.
N u m be r body fla nge se t s Bot t om :
Num ber of set s ( pairs) of body flanges of sam e
diam et er as vessel.
N u m be r body fla nge se t s Top:
Num ber of set s ( pairs) of body flanges of sam e
diam et er as vessel.
- Cont inued on next page -
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
8-13
D ou ble D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( D D T) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
TRAYED - cont inued
D ia m e t e r opt ion :
Default : See Area Design Basis.
OD- Out side diam et er
I D- I nside diam et er
ASM E de sign ba sis:
Applicable only for ASME code design.
See following ent ries for fat igue dat a.
D1NF- ASME Division 1 - no fat igue analysis
D1F- ASME Division 1 - wit h fat igue analysis
D2NF- ASME Division 2 - no fat igue analysis
D2F- ASME Division 2 wit h fat igue analysis
St a r t St op cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat ige only. Thousands of st art- up cycles during
t he full equipm ent life; Min: 0.02;
Default : * 1.0* .
Pr e ssu r e cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat igue only. Thousands of deviat ions from
design pressure during equipm ent life.
Default : * 0* .
Pr e ssur e a m plit ude :
ASME fat igue only. Am plit ude of pressure deviat ion as
percent of design pressure. Default : * 0* .
N u m be r of h ydr ost a t ic t e st s:
ASME fat igue only. Num ber of hydrost at ic t est s during
t he full equipm ent life. Default : * 20* .
Te m pe r a t u r e cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat igue only. Thousands of deviat ions from
design t em perat ure in equipm ent life. Default : * 0* .
Te m pe r a t u r e a m plit u de :
ASME fat igue only. Am plit ude of t em perat ure deviat ion
as a percent of design t em perat ure.
Tr a y t hick ne ss:
Default : 0.1875 I NCH [ 4.5 MM] .
8-14
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
D ou ble D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( D D T) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
M u lt iple D ia m e t e r Tr a ye d or Pa ck e d
Double- diam et er t ower wit h m ult iple sect ions. Each
sect ion can be t rayed or packed.
Trayed double diam et er t ower.
Available t ray t ypes include: bubble cap, sieve, t urbo
grid, valve and clips and support s wit hout t rays.
For Tr a ye d Se ct ion s:
Available t ray t ypes include: bubble cap, sieve, t urbo
grid, valve and clips and support s wit hout t rays.
Tr a y t ype :
Default : * VALVE*
VALVE - Valve t rays
BUBBL - Bubble cap t rays
TURBO - Turbo grid t rays
SI EVE - Sieve t rays
NONE. - No t rays
Applica t ion :
Defines vessel funct ion and relat ed
pipe/ inst rum ent at ion m odel; Default : * DI STI L*
ABSORB - Absorpt ion
DESORB - Desorpt ion
DI STI L - Dist illat ion wit h t herm osiphon reboiler
( not included)
DI S- RB - Dist illat ion wit h ket t le reboiler
not included)
EXTRAC - Ext ract ion
GAS- AD - Gas adsorpt ion
LI Q-AD - Liquid adsorpt ion
STRI PP - St ripping wit h t herm osiphon reboiler
( not included)
STR- RB. - St ripping wit h ket t le reboiler
( not included)
For Bot t om se ct ion :
Ba se m a t e r ia l Bot t om :
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial
( cladding is defined below) . See Chapt er 28
for m at erials.
Default : * A 515* .
- Cont inued on next page -
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
8-15
D ou ble D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( D D T) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
M u lt iple D ia m e t e r Tr a ye d or Pa ck e d - cont inuedD ia m e t e r Bot t om se ct ion :
Diam et er of Bot t om sect ion
Bot t om t a n ge nt t o t a nge nt he ight :
Ent er eit her Capacit y or Diam et er and Height
Th ick ne ss Bot t om se ct ion :
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion
allowance
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e Bot t om :
Default : Specified t op sect ion pressure, or
50 PSI G [ 350 KPA] ; negat ive for vacuum .
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e Bot t om :
Default : Specified t op sect ion t em perat ure or
250 DEG F [ 120 DEG C] .
For M iddle se ct ion:
Ba se m a t e r ia l M iddle :
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial
( cladding is defined below) . See
Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
Default : * A 515* .
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e M iddle :
Default : Specified m iddle sect ion pressure, or
50 PSI G [ 350 KPA] ; negat ive for vacuum .
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e M iddle :
Default : Specified m iddle sect ion t em perat ure or
250 DEG F [ 120 DEG C] .
For Top se ct ion :
Ba se m a t e r ia l Top:
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial
( cladding is defined below) . See Chapt er 28
for m at erials.
Default : * A 515* .
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e Top:
Default : Specified t op sect ion pressure, or
50 PSI G [ 350 KPA] ; negat ive for vacuum .
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e Top:
Default : Specified t op sect ion t em perat ure or
250 DEG F [ 120 DEG C] .
D ia m e t e r opt ion :
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD;
Default : See Area Design Basis.
OD - Out side diam et er
I D - I nside diam et er
- Cont inued on next page -
8-16
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
D ou ble D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( D D T) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
M u lt iple D ia m e t e r Tr a ye d or Pa ck e d - cont inuedH e a d Type :
Default : See Area Design Basis.
ELLI P - 2: 1 Ellipsoidal
HEMI - Hem ispherical
TORI - Torispherical ( ASME)
Sk ir t h e igh t :
Default : 1.5 x bot t om diam et er; ent er 0.0 if
vessel hung in OPEN st ruct ure.
Sk ir t t hick ne ss:
Default : Syst em calculat ed
D e m ist e r t h ick ne ss:
SS304 m ist pad 12 PCF [ 192 KG/ M3] wit h t op
and bot t om support grids. Def. 0
Tr a nsit ion he ight - Bot t om - M iddle :
Transit ion height bet ween bot t om and
m iddle sect ions.
Tr a nsit ion he ight - M iddle - Top:
Transit ion height bet ween m iddle and t op sect ions.
Va cuu m de sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for
worst case. Default : pressure design.
Ja ck e t de sign ga uge pr e ssur e :
Jacket pressure or t hickness required t o
obt ain j acket .
Default : no j acket .
Ja ck e t t ype :
FULL - full j acket
PI PE - half- pipe j acket
Default : FULL
Ja ck e t t h ick n e ss:
Jacket pressure or t hickness required t o obt ain
j acket .
Default : no j acket .
Ja ck e t m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * CS* .
W in d or se ism ic de sign :
Default : vessel design for wind and seism ic loads
defined in Proj ect Basis.
W+ S - Wind and seism ic design required
WI ND - Wind design only
SEI S - Seism ic design only
NONE - Delet e wind and seism ic design
- Cont inued on next page -
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
8-17
D ou ble D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( D D T) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
M u lt iple D ia m e t e r Tr a ye d or Pa ck e d - cont inuedFluid volu m e :
For seism ic design; fluid volum e as a percent
of vessel volum e ( wat er assum ed)
Max: 100
Default : * 20* .
Tow e r Se ct ion D e t a ils:
N ot e : Clicking t he red arrow in t he Tow e r Se ct ion
D e t a ils field opens t he Tow e r in t e r n a l dat a form , on
which t o ent er det ails about t he bot t om , m iddle and
t op sect ions of t he t ower.
For e a ch se ct ion :
Nam e:
The nam e of t he sect ion.
Ba se m a t e r ia l:
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e
m at erial ( cladding is defined below) . See
Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
D ia m e t e r :
Ent er t he diam et er of t he vessel.
V e sse l t a nge nt t o t a n ge nt h e igh t :
Ent er eit her Capacit y or Diam et er and Height .
Th ick ne ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion
allowance.
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
Default : Specified t op sect ion pressure, or
50 PSI G [ 350 KPA] : negat ive for vacuum .
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : Specified t op sect ion t em p or
250 DEG F [ 120 DEG C] .
Ope r a t ing Te m pe r a t u r e :
Default : Design t em perat ure.
Cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] for CS, 0.0 for
ot her m at erials.
Cla dding m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
Default : * NONE* .
Cla dding t hick ne ss:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial
is specified; ot herwise: 0.0.
- Cont inued on next page -
8-18
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
D ou ble D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( D D T) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
M u lt iple D ia m e t e r Tr a ye d or Pa ck e d - cont inuedSECTI ON - TRAYS
N u m be r of t r a ys:
Ent er num ber of t rays. Min 2.
Tr a y t ype :
Default : * VALVE*
VALVE- Valve t ray
BUBBL- Bubble cap t rays
TURBO- Turbo grid t rays
SI EVE- Sieve t rays
NONE- No t rays
Tr a y m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * A285C* .
Tr a y spa cing:
Range: 12 - 30 I NCHES [ 305 - 760 MM] ;
Default : * 24* I NCHES [ * 600* MM] .
Tr a y t hick ne ss:
Default : * 0.187* I NCHES [ * 4.50* ]
Max: 0.375 I NCHES [ 9.00 MM] .
SECTI ON - PACKI N GS
Pa ck ing he ight Se ct ion 1 :
Max: Tangent t o t angent height less 1.0 FEET
[ 0.3 M] .
Pa ck ing m a t e r ia l( 1 ) :
See Chapt er 28 for packing m at erials.
Pa ck ing he ight Se ct ion 2 :
Max: Tangent t o t angent height less height
of packing No. 1.
Pa ck ing m a t e r ia l( 2 ) :
See Chapt er 28 for packing m at erials.
Ja ck e t opt ion :
* NO* - Jacket not required
YES- Jacket is required
N u m be r of m a n hole s:
Default : * 1* .
M a nhole dia m e t e r :
Max: 48 I NCHES [ 1,200 MM] ;
Default : * 18* I NCHES[ * 450* MM] .
St iffe n in g r in g t h ick ne ss:
Default st iffeners designed for vacuum only;
ent er 0.0 if not required.
N u m be r of body fla n ge se t s:
Num ber of set s ( pairs) of body flanges of t he
sam e diam et er as t he vessel.
Pipe m a t e r ia l:
See a list of piping m at erials.
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
8-19
Sin gle D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( TW )
Pressure/ vacuum includes vessel shell, heads, single base m at erial ( lined or
clad) , nozzles, m anholes, j acket and nozzles for heat ing or cooling m edium ,
base ring, lugs, skirt or legs; t ray clips, t ray support s ( if designat ed) ,
dist ribut or piping, plat es, packing ( if packing designat ed) ; variet y of
applicat ions for plat e and packed t owers: absorpt ion, desorpt ion, dist illat ion or
st ripping ( via ket t le or t herm osiphon reboiler defined separat ely) , ext ract ion;
applicat ions for packed t owers: gas and liquid adsorpt ion; t rayed, packed,
em pt y.
Syst em s wit h
aut om at ic inst allat ion
bulks ( Aspen Capit al
Cost Est im at or and
Aspen Process
Econom ic Analyzer )
generat e plat form s for
t owers. A t ower begins
wit h one 360 DEGREE
plat form for t he first 25
FEET [ 7.6 M] , or
fract ion t hereof, of
exposed height , plus
one 90 DEGREE
plat form for every
addit ional 25 FEET [ 7.6
M] , or fract ion t hereof,
of exposed height . I f
t he t ower is in a
st ruct ure, t he syst em
subt ract s t he height of
t he st ruct ure fr om t he
t ot al t ower height ( Bot t om T- T h e igh t + Sk ir t h e igh t ) t o calculat e t he t ot al
exposed height . To place a t ower in a st ruct ure, m ake t he ar ea t ype OPEN or
EX- OPEN ( see Chapt er 36 for area t ype descript ions) , or else use t he
St r uct u r e t a g n um be r t o assign t he t ower t o t he open st eel st ruct ure ( OPNSTL- ST) available under st eel plant bulks.
I f t he num ber of plat form s is great er t han or equal t o six, t hen t he num ber of
m anholes is equal t o one plus t he num ber of plat form s. I f t he num ber of
plat form s is less t han six, t he num ber of m anholes is equal t o one plus
8-20
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
approxim at ely one for every 18 t rays ( for sm all t owers, t ray spacing is about
12 I NCHES, so t here would be one m anhole for about every 18 FEET) .
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Packed single diam et er t ower.
PACKED
I f a packing t ype is not specified, a packed colum n is
designed and cost ed wit h dist ribut or and support
plat es for average densit y packing.
Applica t ion :
Defines vessel funct ion and relat ed pipe/
inst rum ent at ion m odel; Default : * ABSORB*
ABSORB- Absorpt ion
DESORB- Desorpt ion
DI STI L - Dist illat ion wit h t herm osiphon reboiler
( not included)
DI S- RB- Dist illat ion wit h ket t le reboiler
( not included)
EXTRAC- Ext ract ion
GAS-AD- Gas adsorpt ion
LI Q-AD- Liquid adsorpt ion
STRI PP- St ripping wit h t herm osiphon reboiler
( not included)
STR- RB- St ripping wit h ket t le reboiler ( not included)
She ll M a t e r ia l:
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial
( cladding is defined below) . See Chapt er 28
for m at erials.
Default : * A 515* .
D e sign Ga u ge Pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is
for worst case. Default : pressure * 15* PSI G
[ * 100* KPA] .
Va cuu m D e sign Ga uge Pr e ssu r e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is
for worst case. Default : pressure.
D e sign Te m pe r a t ur e :
Default : 400 DEG F [ 200 DEG C] for copper alloys;
ot herwise m at erial: 650 DEG F [ 340 DEG C] .
Pa ck in g Type :
I f packing t ype is not specified, no packing will
be provided. See Chapt er 28 for packing m at erials.
Tot a l Pa ck in g H e igh t :
Max: t angent t o t angent height less 1.0 FEET
[ 0.3 M] .
D e m ist e r Thick ne ss:
Max: 12.0 I NCHES [ 300 MM] .
SS304 m ist pad 12 PCF [ 192 KG/ M3] wit h t op
and bot t om support grids.
- Cont inued on next page -
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
8-21
Sin gle D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( TW ) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
PACKED - cont inued
Cla dding M a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for cladding m at erials.
Default : * NONE* .
Sk ir t H e igh t : Ent er 0.0 skirt height if t ower hung in
OPEN st ruct ure; Default : 1.5 x diam et er.
W in d or Se ism ic D e sign : Default : Vessel designed
for wind and seism ic loads defined in Proj ect Basis.
W+ S- Wind and seism ic design required
WI ND- Wind design only
SEI S- Seism ic design only
NONE- Delet e wind and seism ic design
Fluid Volu m e :
For seism ic design; fluid volum e as a% of vessel
volum e ( wat er assum ed) . Max: 100; Default : * 20* .
M a n h ole D ia m e t e r :
Max: 48 I NCHES [ 1,200 MM] .
Ba se M a t e r ia l Thick ne ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion Allow a nce :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] for CS; 0.0 for ot her
m at erial. Double if j acket ed.
N u m be r of Body Fla nge Se t s:
Num ber of set s ( pairs) of body flanges of sam e
diam et er as vessel.
W e ld Efficie n cy:
ASME/ JI S Codes only, where allowed for t hin wall
vessels; Default : Area Basis; Range: 50 - 100.
St r e ss Re lie f:
Default : See Area Design Basis.
CODE- Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES- Provide st ress relief
NO- No st ress relief required
Cla dding Thick ne ss:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial is
specified, ot herwise - 0.0.
St iffe ning Ring Spa cing:
Default st iffeners designed for vacuum only, ent er 0.0
if not required.
Ja ck e t D e sign Ga u ge Pr e ssur e :
Jacket pressure or t hickness required t o obt ain j acket .
Default : No j acket .
Ja ck e t Type :
Default : * FULL* .
FULL- Full j acket
PI PE.- Half- pipe j acket
- Cont inued on next page -
8-22
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
Sin gle D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( TW ) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
PACKED - cont inued
Ja ck e t Thick ne ss:
Jacket pressure or t hickness required t o obt ain j acket .
Default : No j acket .
Ja ck e t M a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * CS* .
H e a d Type :
ELLI P- 2: 1 ellipsoidal
HEMI - Hem ispherical
TORI - Torispherical ( ASME)
M ole cu la r W e igh t Ove r he a d Pr od:
Default : 50 for dist illat ion and st ripping applicat ions,
ot herwise 30.
D ia m e t e r Opt ion:
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD; Default : See
Area Design Basis.
OD- Out side diam et er
I D- I nside diam et er
ASM E D e sign Ba sis:
Applicable only for ASME code design.
See following ent ries for fat igue dat a.
D1NF- ASME Division 1 - no fat igue analysis
D1F- ASME Division 1 - wit h fat igue analysis
D2NF- ASME Division 2 - no fat igue analysis
D2F- ASME Division 2 wit h fat igue analysis
St a r t St op Cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat ige only. Thousands of st art- up cycles during
t he full equipm ent life; Min: 0.02; Default : * 1.0* .
Pr e ssur e Cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat igue only. Thousands of deviat ions from
design pressure during equipm ent life. Default : * 0* .
Pr e ssur e Am plit ude :
ASME fat igue only. Am plit ude of pressure deviat ion as
percent of design pressure. Default : * 0* .
N u m be r of H ydr ost a t ic Te st s:
ASME fat igue only. Num ber of hydrost at ic t est s during
t he full equipm ent life. Default : * 20* .
Te m pe r a t u r e Cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat igue only. Thousands of deviat ions from
design t em perat ure in equipm ent life. Default : * 0* .
Te m pe r a t u r e Am plit u de :
ASME fat igue only. Am plit ude of t em perat ure
deviat ion as a percent of design t em perat ure.
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
8-23
Sin gle D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( TW ) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Trayed single diam et er t ower.
TRAYED
Available t ray t ypes include: bubble cap, sieve, t urbo
grid, valve and clips and support s wit hout t rays.
Tr a y Type :
Default : * VALVE*
VALVE- Valve t ray
BUBBL- Bubble cap t rays
TURBO- Turbo grid t rays
SI EVE- Sieve t rays
NONE- No t rays
Applica t ion :
Defines vessel funct ion and relat ed pipe/
inst rum ent at ion m odel; Default : * DI STI L* .
ABSORB- Absorpt ion
DESORB- Desorpt ion
DI STI L- Dist illat ion wit h t herm osiphon reboiler
( not included)
DI S- RB- Dist illat ion wit h ket t le reboiler
( not included)
EXTRAC- Ext ract ion
STRI PP- St ripping wit h t herm osiphon reboiler
( not included)
STR- RB- St ripping wit h ket t le reboiler ( not included)
She ll M a t e r ia l:
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial
( cladding is defined below) . Default : * A 515* .
V e sse l Ta nge nt t o Ta nge nt H e ight :
Default : 15 FEET [ 4.5 M] plus t ray st ack height .
D e sign Ga u ge Pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case. Default : pressure * 15* PSI G [ * 100* KPA] .
Va cuu m D e sign Ga uge Pr e ssu r e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case. Default : pressure.
D e sign Te m pe r a t ur e :
Default : 400 DEG F [ 200 DEG C] for copper alloys;
ot herwise m at erial: 650 DEG F [ 340 DEG C] .
Tr a y M a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * A285C* .
N u m be r of Tr a ys:
Min: 2
- Cont inued on next page -
8-24
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
Sin gle D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( TW ) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
TRAYED - cont inued
Tr a y Spa cing:
Range: 12 - 30 I NCHES [ 305 - 760 MM] ; Default : * 24*
I NCHES [ * 600* MM] .
D e m ist e r Thick ne ss:
Max: 12 I NCHES [ 300 MM]
Cla dding M a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for cladding m at erials.
Default : * NONE* .
Sk ir t H e igh t :
Ent er 0.0 skirt height if t ower hung in OPEN st ruct ure;
Default : 1.5 x diam et er.
W in d or Se ism ic D e sign :
Default : Vessel designed for wind and seism ic loads
defined in Proj ect Basis.
W+ S- Wind and seism ic design required
WI ND- Wind design only
SEI S- Seism ic design only
NONE- Delet e wind and seism ic design
Fluid Volu m e :
For seism ic design; fluid volum e as a% of vessel
volum e ( wat er assum ed) . Max: 100; Default : * 20* .
M a n h ole D ia m e t e r :
Max: 48 I NCHES [ 1,200 MM] .
Ba se M a t e r ia l Thick ne ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion Allow a nce :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] for CS; 0.0 for ot her
m at erial. Double if j acket ed.
N u m be r of Body Fla nge Se t s:
Num ber of set s ( pairs) of body flanges of sam e
diam et er as vessel.
W e ld Efficie n cy:
ASME/ JI S Codes only, where allowed for t hin wall
vessels; Range: 50 - 100; Default : Area Basis.
St r e ss Re lie f:
CODE, YES, NO; Default : See Area Design Basis.
Cla dding Thick ne ss:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial is
specified, ot herwise - 0.0.
St iffe ning Ring Spa cing:
Default st iffeners designed for vacuum only, ent er 0.0
if not required.
Ja ck e t D e sign Ga u ge Pr e ssur e : Jacket pressure or
t hickness required t o obt ain j acket . Default : No
j acket .
- Cont inued on next page -
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
8-25
Sin gle D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( TW ) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
TRAYED - cont inued
Ja ck e t Type :
Default : * FULL*
FULL- Full j acket
PI PE- Half- pipe j acket
Ja ck e t Thick ne ss:
Jacket pressure or t hickness required t o obt ain j acket .
Default : No j acket .
Ja ck e t M a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * CS* .
H e a d Type :
ELLI P- 2: 1 ellipsoidal
HEMI - Hem ispherical
TORI - Torishpherical ( ASME)
M ole cu la r W e igh t Ove r he a d Pr od:
Default : 50 for dist illat ion and st ripping applicat ions,
ot herwise 30.
D ia m e t e r Opt ion:
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD; Default : See
Area Design Basis.
OD- Out side diam et er
I D- I nside diam et er
Tr a y Thick ne ss:
Default : * 0.187* I NCHES [ * 4.50* MM] ;
Max: 0.375 I NCHES [ 9.00 MM]
ASM E D e sign Ba sis:
Applicable only for ASME code design.
See following ent ries for fat igue dat a.
D1NF- ASME Division 1 - no fat igue analysis
D1F- ASME Division 1 - wit h fat igue analysis
D2NF- ASME Division 2 - no fat igue analysis
D2F- ASME Division 2 wit h fat igue analysis
St a r t St op Cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat ige only. Thousands of st art- up cycles during
t he full equipm ent life; Min: 0.02; Default : * 1.0* .
Pr e ssur e Cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat igue only. Thousands of deviat ions from
design pressure during equipm ent life. Default : * 0* .
Pr e ssur e Am plit ude :
ASME fat igue only. Am plit ude of pressure deviat ion as
percent of design pressure. Default : * 0* .
N u m be r of H ydr ost a t ic Te st s:
ASME fat igue only. Num ber of hydrost at ic t est s during
t he full equipm ent life. Default : * 20* .
- Cont inued on next page -
8-26
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
Sin gle D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( TW ) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
TRAYED - cont inued
Te m pe r a t u r e Cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat igue only. Thousands of deviat ions from
design t em perat ure in equipm ent life. Default : * 0* .
Te m pe r a t u r e Am plit u de :
ASME fat igue only. Am plit ude of t em perat ure
deviat ion as a percent of design t em perat ure.
Tray st ack only, for single- and double- diam et er
t owers.
TRAY STACK
Opt ional t ray t ypes include: bubble- cap, t urbo
grid, seive and valve.
Tr a y M a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * CS* .
N u m be r of Tr a ys: Min: 1.
Tr a y Type :
BUBBL- Bubble cap t rays
TURBO- Turbo grid t rays
SI EVE- Sieve t rays
VALVE- Valve t rays
Tr a y Thick ne ss:
Default : * 0.187* I NCHES [ * 4.50* MM] ;
Max: 0.375 I NCHES [ 9.00 MM]
Tr a y Spa cing:
Range: 12 - 30 I NCHES [ 305 - 750 MM] ;
Default : 24 I NCHES [ 600 MM] .
Direct cont act heat exchanger t ower includes
dist ribut ors, packing support s, nozzles; m ay include
packing.
D C H E TW
She ll M a t e r ia l:
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial
( cladding is defined below) . See Chapt er 28 for
m at erials.
Default : * A 515* .
Ga s Flow Ra t e I n le t :
Range: 30,000 - 300,000 LB/ H
[ 13,610 - 136,000 KG/ H] ; Ent er eit her flowrat e or
diam et er and height .
V e sse l D ia m e t e r :
Ent er eit her flowrat e or diam et er and height .
V e sse l Ta nge nt t o Ta nge nt H e ight :
Ent er eit her flowrat e or diam et er and height .
- Cont inued on next page -
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
8-27
Sin gle D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( TW ) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
D C H E TW - cont inued
D e sign Ga u ge Pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case. Default : pressure 15 PSI G [ 100 KPA] .
Va cuu m D e sign Ga uge Pr e ssu r e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case. Default : pressure.
D e sign Te m pe r a t ur e :
Default : 400 DEG F [ 200 DEG C] for copper alloys;
ot her m at erial: 650 DEG F [ 340 DEG C] .
Ope r a t ing Te m pe r a t u r e :
Ent er m axim um gas t em perat ure.
Pa ck ing Type Se ct ion 1 :
Default : * 68PVC* . See Chapt er 28 for packing
m at erials.
Pa ck ing H e ight Se ct ion 1 :
Max: Tangent t o t angent height less 1.0 FEET [ 0.3 M] .
Pa ck ing Type Se ct ion 2 :
Default : None for OPEN t op, else 68PVC.
See Chapt er 28 for packing m at erials.
Pa ck ing H e ight Se ct ion 2 :
Max: Tangent t o t angent height less height of packing
No. 1.
Cla dding M a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for cladding m at erials.
Default : * NONE* .
Sk ir t H e igh t :
Ent er 0.0 skirt height if t ower hung in OPEN
st ruct ure; Default : 1.5 x diam et er.
W in d or Se ism ic D e sign :
Default : Vessel designed for wind and seism ic loads
defined in Proj ect Basis.
W+ S- Wind and seism ic design required
WI ND- Wind display only
SEI S- Seism ic design only
NONE- Delet e wind and seism ic design
Fluid Volu m e :
For seism ic design, fluid volum e as a% of vessel
volum e ( wat er assum ed) . Max: 100; Default : * 20* .
M a n h ole D ia m e t e r :
Max: 48 I NCHES [ 1,200 MM] .
- Cont inued on next page -
8-28
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
Sin gle D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( TW ) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
D C H E TW - cont inued
Ba se M a t e r ia l Thick ne ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion Allow a nce :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] for CS, 0.0 for ot her
m at erial, double if j acket ed.
N u m be r of Body Fla nge Se t s:
Num ber of set s ( pairs) of body flanges of sam e
diam et er as vessel.
W e ld Efficie n cy:
ASME/ JI S codes only, where allowed for t hin wall
vessels; Default : See Area Basis; Range: 50 - 100% .
St r e ss Re lie f:
Default : See Area Design Basis.
CODE- Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES- Provide st ress relief
NO- No st ress relief required
Cla dding Thick ne ss:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial is
specified, ot herwise 0.0.
St iffe ning Ring Spa cing:
Default st iffeners designed for vacuum only, ent er 0.0
if not required.
Ja ck e t D e sign Ga u ge Pr e ssur e :
Jacket pressure or t hickness required t o obt ain j acket .
Default : No j acket .
Ja ck e t Type :
Default : * FULL*
FULL- Full j acket
PI PE- Half- pipe j acket
Ja ck e t Thick ne ss:
Jacket pressure or t hickness required t o obt ain
j acket . Default : No j acket .
Ja ck e t M a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * CS* .
H e a d Type :
ELLI P- 2: 1 ellipsoidal
HEMI - Hem ispherical
TORI - Torispherical ( ASME)
OPEN- Open t op/ TORI bot t om
D ia m e t e r Opt ion:
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD; Default : See
Area Design Basis.
OD- Out side diam et er
I D- I nside diam et er
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
8-29
Sin gle D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( TW ) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Tem perat ure swing adsorpt ion unit includes vessel
TS AD SORB
pair( s) , dist ribut ors, packing support s, and valve skid;
m ay include heat er ( st eam or elect ric) , packing.
She ll M a t e r ia l:
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial
( cladding is defined below) . See Chapt er 28 for
m at erials.
Default : * A 515* .
Ga s Flow Ra t e I n le t :
Ent er eit her flowrat e or diam et er and height ; Range:
30,000 - 300,000 LB/ H [ 13,610 - 136,000 KG/ H] .
V e sse l D ia m e t e r :
Ent er eit her flowrat e or diam et er and height .
V e sse l Ta nge nt t o Ta nge nt H e ight :
Ent er eit her flowrat e or diam et er and height .
N u m be r of Ve sse l Pa ir s:
Num ber of vessel pairs in configurat ion, one vessel per
pair absorbing at a t im e.
D e sign Ga u ge Pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case. Default : pressure 15 PSI G [ 100 KPA] .
Va cuu m D e sign Ga uge Pr e ssu r e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case. Default : pressure.
D e sign Te m pe r a t ur e :
Default : 400 DEG F [ 200 DEG C] for copper alloys;
ot her m at erial: 650 DEG F [ 340 DEG C] .
Pa ck ing Type Se ct ion 1 :
See Chapt er 28 for packing m at erials; Default :
* 13XMS* .
Pa ck ing H e ight Se ct ion 1 :
Max: Tangent t o t angent height less 1.0 FEET [ 0.3 M] .
Pa ck ing Type Se ct ion 2 :
Default : * ALMNA* ( Alum ina) .
Pa ck ing H e ight Se ct ion 2 :
Max: Tangent t o t angent height less height of packing
No. 1.
Cla dding M a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for cladding m at erials.
Default : * NONE* .
Sk ir t H e igh t :
Ent er 0.0 skirt height if t ower hung in OPEN st ruct ure;
Default : 1.5 x diam et er.
- Cont inued on next page -
8-30
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
Sin gle D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( TW ) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
TS AD SORB - cont inued
W in d or Se ism ic D e sign :
Default : Vessel designed for wind and seism ic loads
defined in Proj ect Basis.
W+ S- Wind and seism ic design required
WI ND- Wind design only`
SEI S- Seism ic design only
NONE- Delet e wind and seism ic design
Fluid Volu m e :
For seism ic design, fluid volum e as a% of vessel
volum e ( wat er assum ed) . Max: 100; Default : * 20* .
M a n h ole D ia m e t e r :
Max: 48 I NCHES [ 1,200 MM] .
Ba se M a t e r ia l Thick ne ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion Allow a nce :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] for CS, 0.0 for ot her
m at erial, double if j acket ed.
N u m be r of Body Fla nge Se t s:
Num ber of set s ( pairs) of body flanges of sam e
diam et er as vessel.
W e ld Efficie n cy:
ASME/ JI S codes only, where allowed for t hin wall
vessels; Range: 50 - 100% ; Default : See Area Basis.
St r e ss Re lie f:
Default : See Area Design Basis.
CODE- Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES- Provide st ress relief
NO- No st ress relief required
Cla dding Thick ne ss:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial is
specified, ot herwise 0.0.
St iffe ning Ring Spa cing:
Default st iffeners designed for vacuum only, ent er 0.0
if not required.
Ja ck e t D e sign Ga u ge Pr e ssur e :
Jacket pressure or t hickness required t o obt ain j acket .
Default : No j acket .
Ja ck e t Type : Default : * FULL*
FULL- Full j acket
PI PE- Half- pipe j acket
Ja ck e t Thick ne ss:
Jacket pressure or t hickness required t o obt ain j acket .
Default : No j acket .
Ja ck e t M a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * CS* .
- Cont inued on next page -
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
8-31
Sin gle D ia m e t e r Tow e r s ( TW ) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
TS AD SORB - cont inued
H e a d Type :
ELLI P- 2: 1 ellipsoidal
HEMI - Hem ispherical
TORI - Torispherical ( ASME)
OPEN- Open t op/ TORI bot t om
H e a t e r Type :
* ELEC* - Elect ric heat er
STEAM- St eam heat er
NONE- No heat er
St e a m Ga uge Pr e ssur e :
Default : * 150* PSI G [ * 1,000* KPA]
Applies t o st eam gas heat er only
D ia m e t e r Opt ion:
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD;
Default : See Area Design Basis.
OD- Out side diam et er
I D- I nside diam et er
8-32
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
8-33
8-34
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
8-35
8-36
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
8-37
8-38
8 Tow e r s, Colu m n s ( G6 )
9 Va cu u m Syst e m s
( G6 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
Condensers ( C)
Ej ect ors ( EJ)
Vacuum Pum ps ( VP)
9 Va cu u m Syst e m s ( G6 )
9-1
Con de n se r s ( C)
Barom et r ic condenser
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Barom et ric for condensing of m ot ive st eam bet ween
ej ect or st ages.
BAROM ETRI C
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
W a t e r flow r a t e :
Range: 200 - 5,000 GPM [ 15 - 315 L/ S]
M a t e r ia l:
CI
W a t e r flow r a t e :
Range: 40 - 5,000 GPM [ 3 - 315 L/ S]
M a t e r ia l:
RBLCS ( rubber lined carbon st eel)
W a t e r flow r a t e :
Range: 200 - 3,000 GPM [ 12 - 180 L/ S]
9-2
9 Va cu u m Syst e m s ( G6 )
Ej e ct or s ( EJ)
100 PSI G [ 690 KPA] st eam
D e scr ipt ion
Type
One st age of non- condensing ej ect ion.
SI N GLE STG
Single st age ej ect ors m ay be used t o produce
pressures as low as 2 I NCHES Hg ABS, but are
norm ally used in t he pressure range from at m ospheric
t o 3 I NCHES Hg ABS. Ej ect ors are used t o generat e
low pressure for vacuum dist illat ion, vacuum
cryst allizat ion and evaporat ion and t o produce chilled
wat er.
Ej ect ors use a high pressure m ot ivat ing fluid, usually
st eam , t o produce a vacuum . The single st age ej ect or
consist s of t hree basic part s: nozzle, m ixing cham ber
or suct ion head, and diffuser. Alt hough ej ect ors can be
fabricat ed from a variet y of m at erial, usually t he
nozzle is st ainless st eel and t he m ixing cham ber and
diffuser are cast iron or st eel. Ej ect ors are easily
recognized by t he long t hin hour- glass shape of t he
diffuser.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
HAST- Hast elloy
Air e j e ct ion r a t e :
Range: 10 - 10,000 LB/ H [ 4.6 - 4,530 KG/ H]
Suct ion a bsolu t e pr e ssu r e :
Range: 20 - 400 MM HG [ 2,670 - 53,300 PA]
.TW O STAGE
Two ej ect ion st ages wit h barom et ric int ercondenser
Two st age ej ect ors are used t o produce suct ion
pressures from 4 t o 0.5 I NCHES Hg ABS. Two st age
ej ect ors have t he sam e process applicat ions as single
st age ej ect ors.
This it em is a t wo st age ej ect or wit h a barom et ric t ype
int ercondenser. A t wo st age ej ect or is sim ply t wo
single st age ej ect ors arranged in series. Two st ages
can produce a higher vacuum t han a single st age
ej ect or. The first st age evacuat es t he equipm ent it em
t o which it is at t ached and com presses t hese gases
and vapors t o an int erm ediat e pressure.
The m ot ive st eam and condensable vapors ej ect ed by
t he first st age are condensed in t he barom et ric
condenser t o reduce t he load on t he second st age. The
second st age ej ect or t akes t he non- condensable
gasses from t he first st age and com presses t hem t o
at m ospheric pressure so t hat t hey m ay be released t o
t he at m osphere.
- Cont inued on next page -
9 Va cu u m Syst e m s ( G6 )
9-3
Ej e ct or s ( EJ) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
TW O STAGE - cont inued
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
HAST- Hast elloy
Air e j e ct ion r a t e :
Range: 10 - 150 LB/ H [ 4.6 - 68 KG/ H]
Suct ion a bsolu t e pr e ssu r e :
Range: 10 - 200 MM HG [ 1,340 - 26,600 PA]
Non- condensing t wo single st age ej ect ors wit hout
2 STAGE
int ercondenser. A t wo st age non- condensing ej ect or is
less expensive t han a t wo st age condensing ej ect or on
an inst alled basis. The non- condensing ej ect or m ay be
used for an applicat ion where t he condensing ej ect or
is used. Therefore, t he non- condensing ej ect or is
preferred where t he lower init ial capit al invest m ent
out- weighs t he higher operat ing cost due t o t he higher
st eam consum pt ion.
This it em is a t wo st age non- condensing ej ect or. Two
single st age ej ect ors are arranged in series wit hout an
int ercondenser. Hence, t he second st age condenser
m ust handle t he m ot ive st eam from t he first st age
ej ect or and t he gases evacuat ed from t he process
vessel. This result s in a larger second st age ej ect or
and increased st eam consum pt ion over a t wo st age
condensing unit .
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
HAST- Hast elloy
Air e j e ct ion r a t e :
Range: 10 - 120 LB/ H [ 4.6 - 50 KG/ H]
Suct ion a bsolu t e pr e ssu r e :
Range: 5 - 100 MM HG [ 670 - 13,3000 PA]
9-4
9 Va cu u m Syst e m s ( G6 )
Ej e ct or s ( EJ) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Four st ages of ej ect ion wit h barom et ric condenser
4 STAGE B
bet ween t hird and fourt h ej ect or.
Four st age ej ect ors are used t o produce suct ion
pressures from 4 t o 0.2 MM Hg ABS. Four st age
ej ect ors are used t o produce suct ion for vacuum
dist illat ion, vacuum cryst allizers and vacuum
evaporat ors.
This it em is a four st age ej ect or wit h one barom et ric
condenser bet ween t he t hird and fourt h ej ect ors. The
condenser is used only bet ween t hose st ages where
t he condensing t em perat ure of t he st eam is great er
t han t he t em perat ure of t he cooling wat er available.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
HAST- Hast elloy
Air e j e ct ion r a t e :
Range: 10 - 110 LB/ H [ 4.6 - 48 KG/ H]
Suct ion a bsolu t e pr e ssu r e :
Range: 0.5 - 10 MM HG [ 67 - 1,330 PA]
Four st ages of ej ect ion wit h barom et ric condensers,
bet ween second and t hird and bet ween t hird and
fourt h ej ect or. Four st age ej ect ors are used t o produce
suct ion pressure from 4 t o 0.2 MM Hg ABS. Four st age
ej ect ors are used t o produce suct ion for vacuum
dist illat ion, vacuum cryst allizers, and vacuum
evaporat ors.
This it em is a four st age ej ect or wit h t wo barom et ric
condensers. Four ej ect ors are arranged in series wit h
one condenser bet ween t he second and t hird ej ect ors
and t he ot her bet ween t he t hird and four ej ect ors.
Condensers are used only bet ween t hose ej ect ors
where t he condensing t em perat ure of t he st eam is
great er t han t he t em perat ure of t he cooling wat er
available.
4 STAGE
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
HAST- Hast elloy
Air e j e ct ion r a t e :
Range: 10 - 110 LB/ H [ 4.6 - 48 KG/ H]
Suct ion a bsolu t e pr e ssu r e :
Range: 0.25 - 5.0 MM HG [ 33 - 660 PA]
9 Va cu u m Syst e m s ( G6 )
9-5
Ej e ct or s ( EJ) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Five st ages of ej ect ion wit h barom et ric condenser
bet ween fourt h and fift h ej ect or.
Five st age ej ect ors are used t o produce suct ion
pressures from 0.4 t o 0.02 MM Hg ABS. Five st age
ej ect ors are used t o produce suct ion for vacuum
dist illat ion, vacuum cryst allizers and vacuum
evaporat ors.
This it em is a five st age ej ect or wit h one barom et ric
condenser bet ween t he fourt h and fift h ej ect ors.
Type
5 STAGE B
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
HAST- Hast elloy
Air e j e ct ion r a t e :
Range: 10 - 110 LB/ H [ 4.6 - 48 KG/ H]
Suct ion a bsolu t e pr e ssu r e :
Range: 0.5 - 1.0 MM HG [ 7 - 130 PA]
9-6
9 Va cu u m Syst e m s ( G6 )
Va cu u m Pu m ps ( VP)
Includes pump, motor and drive unit.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Wat er- sealed vacuum pum p.
Ult im at e pressure: 500 MM HG [ 66,660 PA] .
Wat er- sealed 500 MM HG [ PA] vacuum , explosion
proof m ot or.
W ATER SEAL
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS316- SS316
Act ua l ga s flow r a t e :
Range: 30 - 4,000 CFM [ 55 - 6,750 M3/ H]
Mechanical oil- sealed vacuum pum p.
M ECH AN I CAL
First st age: 0.01 MM HG [ 1.35 PA]
Second st age: 0.0003 MM HG [ 0.04 PA] .
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
Act ua l ga s flow r a t e :
Range: 30 - 700 CFM [ 55 - 1,150 M3/ H]
N u m be r of st a ge s:
Range: 1 - 2; Default : * 1*
Mechanical boost er includes m ot or and drive.
Ult im at e pressure 0.0001 MM HG [ 0.0135 PA] .
M ECH BOOST
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
Act ua l ga s flow r a t e :
Range: 120 - 2,000 CFW [ 205 - 3,375 M3/ H]
9 Va cu u m Syst e m s ( G6 )
9-7
9-8
9 Va cu u m Syst e m s ( G6 )
1 0 Ve sse ls
( G1 0 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
Horizont al Tanks ( HT)
Vert ical Tanks ( VT)
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-1
H or izon t a l Ta n k s ( H T)
Horizont al vessels are com m only used as set t ling drum s, surge t anks, react ors
and dist illat e drum s. A set t ling drum is used for phase separat ion bet ween t w o
im m iscible liquids. The L/ D rat io of a set t ling drum is norm ally four. A surge
t ank or sur ge drum is used t o m aint ain a const ant flowrat e of liquid t o a
downst ream piece of equipm ent when t he flowrat e of liquid from t he upst ream
piece of equipm ent is fluct uat ing. The fluct uat ions in flow rat e are absorbed by
t he surge drum by allowing t he liquid level in t his drum t o rise and fall.
Horizont al drum s are frequent ly filled wit h cat alyst and used as react ors.
Placing cat alyst in horizont al vessels allows shallow bed dept hs and large
cross- sect ional areas. A t ypical exam ple of horizont al vessels being used as
react ors is t he Claus r eact or. A dist illat e or reflux drum pr ovides space for
overhead condensables from a dist illat ion colum n t o separat e from vapors.
Surge drum s and dist illat e drum s are norm ally vert ical. I f t here is set t leable
wat er in t he feed t o t hese vessels, however, t he vessel is erect ed wit h a
wat er pot .
The horizont al vessel is a pressure vessel fabricat ed according t o t he rules of
t he specified code ( i.e., Sect ion VI I I Division 1 of t he ASME Code) and erect ed
in t he horizont al posit ion. Alt hough t he hor izont al vessel m ay be suppor t ed by
lugs in an open st eel st ruct ur e, t he m ore usual arrangem ent is for t he vessel
t o be erect ed at grade and support ed by a pair of saddles.
Cylindrical, pressure/ vacuum , code design and const ruct ion, includes heads,
single wall ( base m at erial, clad/ lined) , saddles/ lugs, nozzles and m anholes.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Horizont al pressure/ vacuum drum .
Use m inus pressure for vacuum design.
H ORI Z D RUM
The capacit y excludes t he volum e of t he heads. I f
bot h t he vessel dim ensions and capacit y are specified,
t he syst em - calculat ed capacit y m ust agree wit h t he
specified capacit y t o wit hin plus or m inus 10% t o
avoid an error condit ion.
- Cont inued on next page -
10-2
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
H or iz on t a l Ta n k s ( H T) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
H ORI Z D RUM - cont inued
To secure desired vessel size, specify t he diam et er and
height direct ly. A value m ust be specified if vessel
diam et er and/ or vessel height ( or lengt h) are not
specified. I f vessel diam et er and height ( or lengt h) are
specified, t he vessel volum e is calculat ed from t hese
dim ensions. I f only vessel capacit y is specified, a
st raight side lengt h- t o- diam et er rat io is chosen by t he
syst em , considering cost and pract icabilit y.
( Default rat io is 2: 1.)
Applica t ion :
Defines vessel funct ion and relat ed
piping/ inst rum ent at ion m odel. Default : * blank* blankSt andard cont inuous process vessel BATCH- Bat ch
process vessel
STORAGE- St orage vessel
RECVR- Receiver
KO- Knock- out drum
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l:
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial.
( Cladding is defined below.) See Chapt er 28 for
m at erials.
Default : * A 515* .
Liquid volum e :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and lengt h. The
capacit y excludes t he volum e of t he heads.
I f bot h t he vessel dim ensions and capacit y are
specified, t he syst em - calculat ed capacit y m ust agree
wit h t he specified capacit y t o wit hin plus or m inus
10% t o avoid an error condit ion.
To secure desired vessel size, specify t he diam et er and
height direct ly.
A value m ust be specified if vessel diam et er and/ or
vessel height ( or lengt h) are not specified. I f vessel
diam et er and height ( or lengt h) are specified, t he
vessel volum e is calculat ed from t hese dim ensions.
I f only vessel capacit y is specified, a st raight side
lengt h- t o- diam et er rat io is chosen by t he syst em ,
considering cost and pract icabilit y.
- Cont inued on next page -
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-3
H or iz on t a l Ta n k s ( H T) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
H ORI Z D RUM - cont inued
Ve sse l dia m e t e r :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and lengt h. A value
m ust be specified if vessel capacit y is not specified. I f
bot h capacit y and height ( or lengt h) are specified, t he
diam et er is calculat ed from t hese values.
V e sse l t a nge nt t o t a nge nt le ngt h:
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and lengt h. A value
m ust be specified if vessel capacit y is not specified. I f
bot h vessel capacit y and diam et er are specified, t he
height ( or lengt h) is calculat ed from t hese values.
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case; Default : * 15* PSI G [ * 100* KPA] pressure.
Va cuu m de sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case. Default : pressure.
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : 650 DEG F [ 340 DEG C] ferrous m at erial; 250
DEG F [ 120 DEG C] ot her m at erial.
Ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : design t em perat ure. The operat ing
t em perat ure is used in t he calculat ion of piping and
insulat ion t hickness.
Cla dding m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for cladding m at erials.
M a nhole dia m e t e r :
Max: 48 I NCHES [ 1,200 MM] ; Default : * 18* I NCHES
[ * 450* MM] .
N u m be r of m a n hole s:
Default : * 1* .
Allow a n ce for in t e r n a ls:
Specify an allowance for int ernals as a percent of basic
vessel weight . Default : * 0.0* . This value adj ust s
vessel weight and cost accordingly.
D ia m e t e r of dr ip le g:
Drip leg ( boot ) diam et er and height m ust be specified
if required.
H e ight of dr ip le g:
Drip leg ( boot ) diam et er and height m ust be specified
if required.
Ba se m a t e r ia l t hick n e ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] for CS, 0.0 for ot her
m at erials.
- Cont inued on next page -
10-4
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
H or iz on t a l Ta n k s ( H T) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
H ORI Z D RUM - cont inued
W e ld e fficie ncy:
ASME/ JI S codes only, where allowed for t hin wall
vessel; Default : Area Basis. Range: 50 - 100.
St r e ss r e lie f:
Default : See Area Design Basis.
CODE- Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES- Provide st ress relief
NO- No st ress relief required
Cla dding t hick ne ss:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial is
specified, ot herwise: 0.0.
St iffe n in g r in g spa cing:
Default st iffeners designed for vacuum only, ent er 0.0
if not required.
H e a d t ype :
I f no value is specified, t he syst em select s t he t ori
spherical t ype and calculat es it s t hickness. I f t he head
is t hicker t han t he vessel shell, t he syst em select s t he
2: 1 ellipsoidal t ype head t hickness. I f t he head is st ill
t hicker t han t he shell, t he syst em select s t he
hem ispherical t ype head.
ELLI P- 2: 1 ellipsoidal
HEMI - Hem ispherical
TORI - Torispherical ( ASME)
N u m be r of body fla n ge se t s:
Num ber of set s ( pairs) of body flanges of sam e
diam et er as vessel.
D ia m e t e r opt ion :
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD; Default - see
Area Design Basis.
OD- Out side diam et er
I D- I nside diam et er
Mult i- wall design for high pressure service wit h t ot al
M ULTI W ALL
wall t hickness of individual, t hin, heat- shrunk cylinders
( m axim um 2 I NCHES [ 50 MM] t hick) heat shrunk,
pressure vacuum design and const ruct ion according t o
user- designat ed design code st andard.
This it em is a horizont al process vessel, t he t ot al wall
t hickness of which is m ade up of individual cylinders.
Each individual cylinder is no m ore t han t wo inches
t hick. The com posit e is m ade as follows. A cylinder is
fabricat ed wit h a diam et er slight ly larger t han t he
innerm ost cylinder.
- Cont inued on next page -
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-5
H or izon t a l Ta n k s ( H T) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
M ULTI W ALL - cont inued
This cylinder is expanded t herm ally, slipped over t he
inner cylinder and as it cools, a t ight shrink fit is
obt ained. This procedure is repeat ed unt il t he t ot al
wall t hickness is built up.
Applica t ion :
Defines vessel funct ion and relat ed piping/
inst rum ent at ion m odel. Default : * blank* blankSt andard cont inuous process vessel
BATCH- Bat ch process vessel
STORAGE- St orage vessel
RECVR- Receiver
KO- Knock- out drum
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l:
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial.
( Cladding is defined below.) See Chapt er 28 for
m at erials. Default : * A 515* .
Liquid volum e :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and lengt h.
Ve sse l dia m e t e r :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and lengt h.
V e sse l t a nge nt t o t a nge nt le ngt h:
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and lengt h.
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case. Default : * 15* PSI G [ * 100* KPA] .
Va cuu m de sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case. Default : pressure.
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : 650 DEG F [ 340 DEG C] ferrous m at erial; 250
DEG F [ 120 DEG C] ot her m at erial.
Ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : design t em perat ure.
Cla dding m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28; for cladding m at erials.
M a nhole dia m e t e r :
Default : * 18* I NCHES [ 450 MM] ;
Max: 48 I NCHES [ 1,200] ;
N u m be r of m a n hole s: Default : * 1* .
Allow a n ce for in t e r n a ls:
Specify an allowance for int ernals as a percent of
basic vessel weight . Default : * 0.0* .
D ia m e t e r of dr ip le g:
Drip leg ( boot ) diam et er and lengt h m ust be specified
if required.
- Cont inued on next page -
10-6
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
H or iz on t a l Ta n k s ( H T) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
M ULTI W ALL - cont inued
H e ight of dr ip le g:
Drip leg ( boot ) diam et er and lengt h m ust be specified
if required.
Ba se m a t e r ia l t hick n e ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] for CS, 0.0 for ot her
m at erial.
W e ld e fficie ncy:
ASME/ JI S codes only, where allowed for t hin wall
vessels; Default : Area Basis. Range: 50 - 100.
St r e ss r e lie f: Default : See Area Design Basis.
CODE- Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES- Provide st ress relief
NO- No st ress relief required
Cla dding t hick ne ss:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial is
specified; ot herwise: 0.0.
St iffe n in g r in g spa cing:
Default st iffeners designed for vacuum only, ent er 0.0
if not required.
H e a d t ype :
ELLI P- 2: 1 ellipsoidal
HEMI - Hem ispherical
TORI - Torispherical ( ASME)
N u m be r of body fla n ge se t s:
Num ber of set s ( pairs) of body flanges of sam e
diam et er as vessel.
D ia m e t e r opt ion :
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD; Default : See
Area Design Basis.
OD- Out side diam et er
I D- I nside diam et er
Jacket ed horizont al pressure/ vacuum drum .
JACKETED
Applica t ion :
Defines vessel funct ion and relat ed piping/
inst rum ent at ion m odel.
Default : * blank*
blank- St andard cont inuous process vessel
BATCH- Bat ch process vessel
STORAGE- St orage vessel
RECVR- Receiver
KO- Knock- out drum
- Cont inued on next page -
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-7
H or iz on t a l Ta n k s ( H T) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
JACKETED - cont inued
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l:
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial. See
Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * A 515* .
Liquid volum e :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and lengt h.
Ve sse l dia m e t e r :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and lengt h.
V e sse l t a nge nt t o t a nge nt le ngt h:
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and lengt h.
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case; Default : * 15* PSI G [ * 100* KPA] .
Va cuu m de sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case; Default : pressure.
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : 650 DEG F [ 340 DEG C] ferrous m at erial; 250
DEG F [ 120 DEG C] ot her m at erials.
Ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : design t em perat ure.
Cla dding m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
Ja ck e t de sign ga uge pr e ssur e :
Default : * 90* PSI G [ * 620* KPA] .
Ja ck e t t ype :
Default : * FULL*
FULL- Full j acket
PI PE- Half- pipe j acket
Ja ck e t m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * CS* .
M a nhole dia m e t e r :
Default : * 18* I NCHES [ 450 MM] ; Max: 48 I NCHES
[ 1,200] ;
N u m be r of m a n hole s: Default : * 1* .
Allow a n ce for in t e r n a ls:
Specify an allowance for int ernals as a percent of basic
vessel weight . Default : * 0.0* .
D ia m e t e r of dr ip le g:
Drip leg ( boot ) diam et er and lengt h m ust be specified
if required.
H e ight of dr ip le g:
Drip leg ( boot ) diam et er and lengt h m ust be specified
if required.
- Cont inued on next page -
10-8
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
H or iz on t a l Ta n k s ( H T) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
JACKETED - cont inued
Ba se m a t e r ia l t hick n e ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] for CS, 0.0 for ot her
m at erial, double if j acket ed.
W e ld e fficie ncy:
ASME/ JI S codes only, where allowed for t hin wall
vessels; Default : Area Basis. Range: 50 - 100.
St r e ss r e lie f:
Default : See Area Design Basis.
CODE- Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES- Provide st ress relief
NO- No st ress relief required
Cla dding t hick ne ss:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial is
specified; ot herwise: 0.0.
St iffe n in g r in g spa cing:
Default st iffeners designed for vacuum only, ent er 0.0
if not required.
H e a d t ype :
ELLI P- 2: 1 ellipsoidal
HEMI - Hem ispherical
TORI - Torispherical ( ASME)
N u m be r of body fla n ge se t s:
Num ber of set s ( pairs) of body flanges of sam e
diam et er as vessel.
D ia m e t e r opt ion :
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD; Default : See
Area Design Basis.
OD- Out side diam et er
I D- I nside diam et er
Sanit ary horizont al drum
SAN TAN K
St ainless st eel m at erial for sanit ary st orage. As a
sanit ary t ank, it is built t o sanit ary st andards,
including polished st ainless st eel. The t ank is not
a pressure vessel.
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l: SS304,* SS316*
Liquid volum e :
MAX: 9,000 GALLONS [ 34 M3]
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and lengt h.
Ve sse l dia m e t e r :
MAX: 10 FEET [ 3 M]
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and lengt h.
- Cont inued on next page -
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-9
H or iz on t a l Ta n k s ( H T) - cont inued
10-10
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
D e scr ipt ion
Type
SAN TAN K - cont inued
Ve sse l le ngt h:
MAX: 15 FEET [ 4.5 M]
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and lengt h.
Ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t ur e :
* 68 DEG F [ 20 DEG C] *
H e a d t ype :
* TORI * - Torispherical ( ASME)
CON15- 15 degree cone head
Ja ck e t t ype :
* NONE* - No j acket
DMPLE- 90 PSI G [ 620 KPA] dim ple j acket
Cr ude Oil D e sa lt e r
Horizont al pressure/ vacuum drum .
Use m inus pressure for vacuum design.
The capacit y excludes t he volum e of t he heads. I f bot h
t he vessel dim ensions and capacit y are specified, t he
syst em - calculat ed capacit y m ust agree wit h t he
specified capacit y t o wit hin plus or m inus 10% t o avoid
an error condit ion.
To secure desired vessel size, specify t he diam et er and
height direct ly. A value m ust be specified if vessel
diam et er and/ or vessel height ( or lengt h) are not
specified. I f vessel diam et er and height ( or lengt h) are
specified, t he vessel volum e is calculat ed from t hese
dim ensions. I f only vessel capacit y is specified, a
st raight side lengt h- t o- diam et er rat io is chosen by t he
syst em , considering cost and pract icabilit y.
Default rat io is 2: 1.)
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l:
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial.
( Cladding is defined below.) See Chapt er 28 for
m at erials.
Default : * A 515* .
Ve sse l dia m e t e r :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and lengt h.
A value m ust be specified if vessel capacit y is not
specified. I f bot h capacit y and height ( or lengt h) are
specified, t he diam et er is calculat ed from t hese
values.
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-11
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Cr ude Oil D e sa lt e r - cont inued
Ve sse l dia m e t e r :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and lengt h.
A value m ust be specified if vessel capacit y is not
specified. I f bot h capacit y and height ( or lengt h) are
specified, t he diam et er is calculat ed from t hese
values.
V e sse l t a nge nt t o t a nge nt le ngt h:
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and lengt h. A
value m ust be specified if vessel capacit y is not
specified. I f bot h vessel capacit y and diam et er are
specified, t he height ( or lengt h) is calculat ed from
t hese values.
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case;
Default : * 15* PSI G [ * 100* KPA] pressure.
Va cuu m de sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case.
Default : pressure.
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : 650 DEG F [ 340 DEG C] ferrous m at erial;
250 DEG F [ 120 DEG C] ot her m at erial.
Ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : design t em perat ure. The operat ing
t em perat ure is used in t he calculat ion of piping
and insulat ion t hickness.
Ba se m a t e r ia l t hick n e ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion
allowance.
Cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] for CS, 0.0 for ot her
m at erials.
Cla dding m a t e r ia l:
CLAD MATLS See Chapt er 28 for cladding m at erials.
SS304
SS316
SS321
SS347
SS410
SS430
304L
316L
NI 200
NI 201
MONEL
I NCNL
- cont inued-
10-12
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Cr ude Oil D e sa lt e r - cont inued
Cla dding t hick ne ss:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial
is specified; ot herwise: 0.0
Ve sse l I n t e r na ls
Allow a nce for int e r na ls:
Specify an allowance for int ernals as a percent of
basic vessel weight .
Default : * 0.0* . This value adj ust s vessel weight
and cost accordingly.
N u m be r of e le ct r ost a t ic pla t e s:
Min > 0
Tr a nsit ion Se ct n ( M iddle - Top)
H e a d t ype :
I f no value is specified, t he syst em select s t he
t orispherical t ype and calculat es it s t hickness.
I f t he head is t hicker t han t he vessel shell, t he
syst em select s t he 2: 1 ellipsoidal t ype head
t hickness. I f t he head is st ill t hicker t han t he
shell,t he syst em select s t he hem ispherical t ype
head.
ELLI P - 2: 1 ellipsoidal
HEMI - Hem ispherical
TORI - Torispherical ( ASME)
W e ld e fficie n cy:
ASME/ JI S codes only, where allowed for t hin wall
vessel; Default : Area Basis. Range: 50 - 100.
St r e ss r e lie f:
Default : See Area Design Basis.
CODE - Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES - Provide st ress relief
NO - No st ress relief required
D ia m e t e r opt ion :
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD; Default - see
Area Design Basis.
OD - Out side diam et er
I D - I nside diam et er
M a nhole dia m e t e r :
Max: 48 I NCHES [ 1,200 MM] ; Default : * 18*
I NCHES [ * 450* MM] .
N u m be r of m a n hole s:
Default : * 1* .
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-13
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT)
Vert ical process vessels are t ypically used as eit her surge drum s or knock out
drum s. When used as surge drum s, t hey act like shock absorbers, m aint aining
a const ant flowrat e of liquid out of t he vessel regardless of t he flowrat e int o it .
I f liquid flows in fast er t han t he const ant rat e it flows out , t he vessel fills wit h
liquid. I f liquid flows in slower t han t he const ant rat e it is rem oved, t hen t he
liquid level drops. The liquid level is const ant ly fluct uat ing in order t o absorb
t hese variat ions in flow and m aint ain a const ant flowrat e out . When a vert ical
process vessel is used as a knock out drum , a m ixt ure of gas and liquid flows
int o t he vessel and t his m ixt ure is separat ed int o it s gas and liquid com ponent s
wit hin t he vessel. The gas t hen flows out t he t op of t he vessel and t he liquid
flow s out t he bot t om .
Vert ical process vessels, as t heir nam e indicat es, are erect ed in t he vert ical
posit ion. They are cylindrical in shape wit h each end capped by a dom ed cover
called a head. The lengt h t o diam et er rat io of a vert ical vessel is t ypically 3: 1.
Typically, vert ical process vessels hold less t han 5000 GALLONS.
Vert ical t anks include: process, st orage applicat ions liquid, gas, solid
processing and st orage; pressure/ vacuum code design for process and cert ain
st orage vessel t ypes; includes heads, single wall, saddles, lugs, nozzles,
m anholes, legs or skirt , base ring, davit s where applicable.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Pressure/ Vacuum Service
CYLI N D ER
Cylindrical vert ical pressure/ vacuum vessel.
Use m inus pressure for vacuum design.
Applica t ion :
Defines vessel funct ion and relat ed piping/
inst rum ent at ion m odel. Default : * blank*
blank- St andard cont inuous process vessel
BATCH- Bat ch process vessel
STORAGE- St orage vessel
RECVR- Receiver
KO- Knock- out drum
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l:
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial.
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
Default : * A 515* .
- Cont inued on next page -
10-14
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
CYLI N D ER - cont inued
Liquid volum e : Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and
height . The capacit y excludes t he volum e of t he
heads. I f bot h t he vessel dim ensions and capacit y are
specified, t he syst em calculat ed capacit y m ust agree
wit h t he specified capacit y t o wit hin plus or m inus
10% t o avoid an error condit ion. To secure desired
vessel size, specify t he diam et er and height direct ly. A
value m ust be specified if vessel diam et er and/ or
vessel height ( or lengt h) are not specified. I f vessel
diam et er and height ( or lengt h) are specified, t he
vessel volum e is calculat ed from t hese dim ensions.
( Default is 2: 1.) I f only vessel capacit y is specified, a
st raight side lengt h- t o- diam et er rat io is chosen by t he
syst em , considering cost and pract icabilit y.
Ve sse l dia m e t e r :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height . A value
m ust be specified if vessel capacit y is not specified. I f
bot h vessel capacit y and height ( or lengt h) are
specified, t he diam et er is calculat ed from t hese
values. I f bot h vessel capacit y and diam et er are
specified, t he height ( or lengt h) is calculat ed from
t hese values.
V e sse l t a nge nt t o t a nge nt he ight :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
See Diam et er.
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case; Default : * 15* PSI G [ * 100* KPA] .
Va cuu m de sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case; Default : pressure.
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : 650 DEG F [ 340 DEG C] ferrous m at erial, 250
DEG F [ 120 DEG C] ot her m at erial.
Ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : design t em perat ure.
- Cont inued on next page -
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-15
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
CYLI N D ER - cont inued
Sk ir t h e igh t :
Skip if legs required, ent er 0.0 if hung in OPEN
st ruct ure; Default : 1.5 x diam et er. I f t he capacit y is
10,000 GALLONS [ 37 M3] or less, t he vessel is
designed wit h 4- feet [ 1.25 M] pipe legs. For a capacit y
great er t han 10,000 GALLONS [ 37 M3] , t he vessel is
designed wit h a skirt . The skirt height is calculat ed as
1.5 x vessel diam et er, wit h m inim um and m axim um
calculat ed height s of 4 - 32 FEET [ 1.25 - 9.5 M] .
Ve sse l le g he ight :
Skip if skirt required, ent er 0.0 if hung in OPEN
st ruct ure; Default : * 4* FEET [ 1.25 M] .
See Skirt Height .
W in d or se ism ic de sign :
Default : Vessel designed for wind and seism ic loads
defined in Proj ect Basis.
W+ S- Wind and seism ic design required
WI ND- Wind design only
SEI S- Seism ic design only
NONE- Delet e wind and seism ic design
Fluid volu m e :
For seism ic design, fluid volum e as a% of vessel
volum e ( wat er assum ed) . Max: 100; Default : * 20* .
M a nhole dia m e t e r : Max: 48 I NCHES [ 1,200 MM] ;
Default : 18 I NCHES [ 450 MM] .
N u m be r of m a n hole s:
Default : * 1* .
Allow a n ce for in t e r n a ls:
Default : * 0.0* ; Specify an allowance for int ernals as a
percent of basic vessel weight .
D e m ist e r t hick ne ss:
Default : * 12* I NCHES [ * 300* MM]
Ba se m a t e r ia l t hick n e ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM for CS, 0.0 for ot her
m at erials.
N u m be r of body fla n ge se t s:
Num ber of set s ( pairs) of body flanges of sam e
diam et er as vessel.
W e ld e fficie ncy:
ASME/ JI S codes only, where allowed for t hin wall
vessels; Default s: Area Basis. Range: 50 - 100.
- Cont inued on next page -
10-16
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
CYLI N D ER - cont inued
St r e ss r e lie f:
Default : See Area Design Basis.
CODE- Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES- Provide st ress relief
NO- No st ress relief required
Cla dding m a t e r ia l:
I f no cladding m at erial is specified, t he syst em
assum es t hat t he vessel is not clad regardless of any
input for cladding t hickness.
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
Cla dding t hick ne ss:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial is
specified, ot herwise 0.0. See Cladding Mat erial.
St iffe n in g r in g spa cing:
Default st iffeners designed for vacuum only, ent er 0.0
if not required.
H e a d t ype :
I f no value is specified, t he syst em select s t he
t orispherical t ype head and calculat es t he t hickness. I f
t he head is t hicker t han t he vessel shell, t he syst em
select s t he 2: 1 ellipsoidal t ype head and recalculat es
t he head t hickness. I f t he head is st ill t hicker t han t he
shell, t he syst em select s t he hem ispherical t ype head.
ELLI P- 2: 1 ellipsoidal
HEMI - Hem ispherical
TORI - Torispherical ( ASME)
H e a d t h ick n e ss Top:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
H e a d t h ick n e ss Bot t om :
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
D ia m e t e r opt ion :
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD; Default : See
Area Design Basis.
OD- Out side diam et er
I D- I nside diam et er
ASM E de sign ba sis:
Applicable only for ASME code design. See following
ent ries for fat igue dat a. Default : * D1NF* .
D1NF- ASME Division 1 - no fat igue analysis
D1F- ASME Division 1 - wit h fat igue analysis
D2NF- ASME Division 2 - no fat igue analysis
D2F- ASME Division 2 - wit h fat igue analysis
St a r t st op cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat igue only. Thousands of st art- up cycles
during t he full equipm ent life. Range: 5.00 - 0.02.
- Cont inued on next page -
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-17
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
CYLI N D ER - cont inued
Pr e ssu r e cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat igue only. Thousands of deviat ions from
design pressure during equipm ent life. Default : * 0* .
Pr e ssur e a m plit ude :
ASME fat igue only. Am plit ude of process deviat ion as
percent of design pressure. Default : * 0* .
N u m be r of H ydr ost a t ic Te st s:
ASME fat igue only. Num ber of hydrost at ic t est s during
t he full equipm ent life. Default : * 0* .
Te m pe r a t u r e cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat igue only. Thousands of deviat ions from
design t em perat ure in equipm ent life. Default : * 0* .
Te m pe r a t u r e a m plit u de :
ASME fat igue only. Am plit ude of t em perat ure as a
percent of design t em perat ure. Default : * 0* .
Mult i- wall design for high pressure service. Tot al wall
t hickness of individual t hin heat shrunk cylinders
( m axim um 2 I NCH [ 50 MM] t hick each) .
M ULTI W ALL
Applica t ion :
Defines vessel funct ion and relat ed piping/
inst rum ent at ion m odel. Default : * blank*
blank- St andard cont inuous process vessel
BATCH- Bat ch process vessel
STORAGE- St orage vessel
RECVR- Receiver
KO- Knock- out drum
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l:
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial.
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * A 515* .
Liquid volum e :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
Ve sse l dia m e t e r :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
V e sse l t a nge nt t o t a n ge nt h e igh t :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case. Default : * 15* PSI G [ * 100* KPA] .
Va cuu m de sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for
worst case.
- Cont inued on next page -
10-18
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
M ULTI W ALL - cont inued
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : 650 DEG F [ 340 DEG C] ferrous m at erial, 250
DEG F [ 120 DEG C] ot her m at erial.
Ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : design t em perat ure.
Sk ir t h e igh t :
Skip if legs required, ent er 0.0 if hung in OPEN
st ruct ure; Default : 1.5 x diam et er.
Ve sse l le g he ight :
Skip if skirt required, ent er 0.0 if hung in OPEN
st ruct ure; Default : * 4* FEET [ * 1.25* M] .
W in d or se ism ic de sign :
Default : Vessel designed for wind and seism ic loads
defined in Proj ect Basis.
W+ S- Wind and seism ic design required
WI ND- Wind design only
SEI S- Seism ic design only
NONE- Delet e wind and seism ic design
Fluid volu m e :
Max: 100; Default : * 20* ; For seism ic design; fluid
volum e as a% of volum e ( wat er assum ed) .
M a nhole dia m e t e r :
Max: 48 I NCHES [ 1,200 MM] ;
Default : * 18* I NCHES [ * 450* MM] .
N u m be r of m a n hole s:
Default : * 1* .
Allow a n ce for in t e r n a ls:
Specify an allowance for int ernals as a percent of basic
vessel weight . Default : * 0.0* .
D e m ist e r t hick ne ss:
Default : * 12* I NCHES [ * 300* MM]
Ba se m a t e r ia l t hick n e ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] for CS, 0.0 for ot her
m at erials.
N u m be r of body fla n ge se t s:
Num ber of set s ( pairs) of body flanges of sam e
diam et er as vessel.
W e ld e fficie ncy:
ASME/ JI S codes only, where allowed for t hin wall
vessels; Range: 50 - 100; Default : Area Basis.
- Cont inued on next page -
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-19
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
M ULTI W ALL - cont inued
St r e ss r e lie f:
Default : see Area Design Basis.
CODE- Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES- Provide st ress relief
NO- No st ress relief required
Cla dding m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for cladding m at erials.
Cla dding t hick ne ss:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial is
specified, ot herwise - 0.0.
St iffe n in g r in g spa cing:
Default st iffeners designed for vacuum only, ent er 0.0
if not required.
H e a d t ype :
ELLI P- 2: 1 ellipsoidal
HEMI - Hem ispherical
TORI - Torispherical ( ASME)
H e a d t h ick n e ss Top:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
H e a d t h ick n e ss Bot t om :
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
D ia m e t e r opt ion :
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD; Default : see
Area Design Basis.
OD- Out side diam et er
I D- I nside diam et er
ASM E de sign ba sis:
Applicable only for ASME code design.
See following ent ries for fat igue dat a.
Default : * D1NF* .
D1NF- ASME Division 1 - no fat igue analysis
D1F- ASME Division 1 - wit h fat igue analysis
D2NF- ASME Division 2 - no fat igue analysis
D2F- ASME Division 2 - wit h fat igue analysis
St a r t st op cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat igue only. Thousands of st art- up cycles
during t he full equipm ent life.
Range: 5.00 - 0.02.
Pr e ssur e Cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat igue only. Thousands of deviat ions from
design pressure during equipm ent life.
Default : * 0* .
- Cont inued on next page -
10-20
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
M ULTI W ALL - cont inued
Pr e ssur e a m plit ude :
ASME fat igue only. Am plit ude of process deviat ion as
percent of design pressure. Default : * 0* .
N u m be r of h ydr ost a t ic t e st s:
ASME fat igue only. Num ber of hydrost at ic t est s during
t he full equipm ent life. Default : * 0* .
Te m pe r a t u r e cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat igue only. Thousands of deviat ions from
design t em perat ure in equipm ent life. Default : * 0* .
Te m pe r a t u r e a m plit u de :
ASME fat igue only. Am plit ude of t em perat ure as a
percent of design t em perat ure. Default : * 0* .
Jacket ed, cylindrical, vert ical pressure/ vacuum vessel. JACKETED
Applica t ion :
Defines vessel funct ion and relat ed piping/
inst rum ent at ion m odel. Default : * blank*
blank- St andard cont inuous process vessel
BATCH- Bat ch process vessel
STORAGE- St orage vessel
RECVR- Receiver
KO- Knock- out drum
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l:
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial.
( Cladding is specified below.) Default : * A 515* .
Liquid volum e :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
Ve sse l dia m e t e r :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
V e sse l t a nge nt t o t a n ge nt h e igh t :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case. Default : * 15* PSI G [ * 100* KPA] .
Va cuu m de sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for worst
case. Default : pressure.
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : 650 DEG F [ 340 DEG C] ferrous m at erial, 250
DEG F [ 120 DEG C] ot her m at erial.
Ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : design t em perat ure.
- Cont inued on next page -
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-21
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
JACKETED - cont inued
Ja ck e t de sign ga uge pr e ssu r e :
Default : * 90* PSI G [ * 620* KPA] .
Ja ck e t t ype :
Default : * FULL*
FULL- Full j acket
PI PE- Half- pipe j acket
Ja ck e t m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * CS* .
Sk ir t h e igh t :
Skip if legs required, ent er 0.0 if hung in OPEN
st ruct ure; Default : * 1.5 x diam et er* .
Ve sse l le g he ight :
Skip if skirt required. Ent er 0.0 if hung in OPEN
st ruct ure; Default : * 4* FEET [ * 1.25* M] .
W in d or se ism ic de sign :
Default : Vessel designed for wind and seism ic loads
defined in Proj ect Basis.
W+ S- Wind and seism ic design required
WI ND- Wind design only
SEI S- Seism ic design only
NONE- Delet e wind and seism ic design
Fluid volu m e :
Max: 100; Default : * 20* ; For seism ic design; fluid
volum e as a% of vessel volum e ( wat er assum ed) .
M a nhole dia m e t e r :
Max: 48 I NCHES [ 1,200 MM] ;
Default : * 18* I NCHES [ * 450* MM] .
N u m be r of m a n hole s: Default : * 1* .
Allow a n ce for in t e r n a ls:
Specify an allowance for int ernals as a percent of basic
vessel weight . Default : * 0.0* .
D e m ist e r t hick ne ss:
Default : * 12* I NCHES [ * 300* MM]
Ba se m a t e r ia l t hick n e ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] for CS, 0.0 for ot her
m at erial, double if j acket ed.
N u m be r of body fla n ge se t s:
Num ber of set s ( pairs) of body flanges of sam e
diam et er as vessel.
W e ld e fficie ncy:
ASME/ JI S codes only, where allowed for t hin wall
vessels; Range: 50 - 100; Default : Area Basis.
- Cont inued on next page -
10-22
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
JACKETED - cont inued
St r e ss r e lie f:
Default : See Area Design Basis.
CODE- Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES- Provide st ress relief
NO- No st ress relief required
Cla dding m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for cladding m at erials.
Cla dding t hick ne ss:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial is
specified, ot herwise - 0.0.
St iffe n in g r in g spa cing:
Default st iffeners designed for vacuum only, ent er 0.0
if not required.
H e a d t ype :
ELLI P- 2: 1 ellipsoidal
HEMI - Hem ispherical
TORI - Torispherical ( ASME)
H e a d t h ick n e ss Top:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
H e a d t h ick n e ss Bot t om :
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
D ia m e t e r opt ion :
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD; Default : see
Area Design Basis.
OD- Out side diam et er
I D- I nside diam et er
ASM E de sign ba sis:
Applicable only for ASME code design.
See following ent ries for fat igue dat a.
Default : * D1NF* .
D1NF- ASME Division 1 - no fat igue analysis
D1F- ASME Division 1 - wit h fat igue analysis
D2NF- ASME Division 2 - no fat igue analysis
D2F- ASME Division 2 - wit h fat igue analysis
St a r t st op cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat igue only. Thousands of st art- up cycles
during t he full equipm ent life.
Range: 5.00 - 0.02.
Pr e ssu r e cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat igue only. Thousands of deviat ions from
design pressure during equipm ent life.
- Cont inued on next page -
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-23
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
JACKETED - cont inued
Default : * 0* .
Pr e ssur e a m plit ude :
ASME fat igue only. Am plit ude of process deviat ion as
percent of design pressure. Default : * 0* .
N u m be r of h ydr ost a t ic Te st s:
ASME fat igue only. Num ber of hydrost at ic t est s during
t he full equipm ent life. Default : * 0* .
Te m pe r a t u r e cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat igue only. Thousands of deviat ions from
design t em perat ure in equipm ent life. Default : * 0* .
Te m pe r a t u r e a m plit u de :
ASME fat igue only. Am plit ude of t em perat ure as a
percent of design t em perat ure. Default : * 0* .
H igh Pr e ssur e Ga s/ Liquid St or a ge
SPH ERE
Sphere pressure/ vacuum design t o 3000 PSI G [ 20500
KPA] .
Use m inus pressure for vacuum design.
This it em is used by chem ical, rubber, pet roleum and
paper indust ries for st oring large volum es of
anhydrous am m onia, bet ana, but ane and ot her gases
at high t em perat ure.
A spherical t ank is elevat ed and support ed by legs
fabricat ed from st ruct ural st eel colum ns or pipe.
Sphere sizes range as high as 90 FEET in diam et er and
are t ypically const ruct ed of high st rengt h st eel. These
t anks are com m only used for high pressure st orage of
gases and volat ile liquids, t ypically in t he range of 5 250 PSI G. St oring volat ile liquids at high pressures
raises t he boiling point of t he liquid and t herefore
m inim izes or elim inat es t hat need for cost ly
refrigerat ion equipm ent t o liquify t he m at erial being
st ored.
Uses Type 16 foundat ion ( I ndividual Colum n Foot ing) .
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l:
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial.
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * A 515* .
- Cont inued on next page -
10-24
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
SPH ERE - cont inued
Liqu id volu m e :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er.
Ve sse l dia m e t e r :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er.
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
- 15 - 3,000 PSI G [ - 100 - 20,5000] ;
Default : 15 PSI G [ 100 KPA] .
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Max: 1,500 DEG F [ 815 DEG C] ;
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C] .
Ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : design t em perat ure.
M a nhole dia m e t e r :
Max: 48 I NCHES [ 1,200 MM] ;
Default : * 18* I NCHES [ * 450* MM] .
N u m be r of m a n hole s:
Default : * 1* .
Allow a nce for int e r na ls:
Specify an allowance for int ernals as a percent of basic
vessel weight . Default : * 0.0* .
Ba se m a t e r ia l t hick n e ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] for CS, 0.0 for ot her
m at erials.
Cla dding m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for cladding m at erials.
Cla dding t hick ne ss:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial is
specified, ot herwise - 0.0.
D ia m e t e r opt ion :
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD; Default : see
Area Design Basis.
OD- Out side diam et er
I D- I nside diam et er
ASM E de sign ba sis:
Applicable only for ASME code design.
See following ent ries for fat igue dat a.
Default : * D1NF* .
D1NF- ASME Division 1 - no fat igue analysis
D1F- ASME Division 1 - wit h fat igue analysis
D2NF- ASME Division 2 - no fat igue analysis
D2F- ASME Division 2 - wit h fat igue analysis
- Cont inued on next page -
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-25
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
SPH ERE - cont inued
St a r t st op cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat igue only. Thousands of st art- up cycles
during t he full equipm ent life.
Range: 5.00 - 0.02.
Pr e ssu r e cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat igue only. Thousands of deviat ions from
design pressure during equipm ent life. Default : * 0* .
Pr e ssur e a m plit ude :
ASME fat igue only. Am plit ude of process deviat ion as
percent of design pressure. Default : * 0* .
N u m be r of h ydr ost a t ic t e st s:
ASME fat igue only. Num ber of hydrost at ic t est s during
t he full equipm ent life. Default : * 0* .
Te m pe r a t u r e cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat igue only. Thousands of deviat ions from
design t em perat ure in equipm ent life. Default : * 0* .
Te m pe r a t u r e a m plit u de :
ASME fat igue only. Am plit ude of t em perat ure as a
percent of design t em perat ure. Default : * 0* .
Spheroid t o 750000 GALLONS [ 2840 M3] . Field
erect ed.
SPH EROI D
This it em is com m only used for st orage of gasolines
and ot her volat ile liquids.
Spheroids vary in shape and size, but generally fall
int o one of t he following cat egories:
•
Hem ispheriod: Spherical segm ent s com prising t he
roof and bot t om of t he t ank are j oined t o a
cylindrical m iddle sect ion. Hem ispheriods are used
for pressures up t o 5 PSI and capacit ies t o 25,000
barrels. For capacit ies t o 50,000 barrels t he roof
and bot t om are noded.
• Hort onspheriod: Spherical segm ent s are j oined
t oget her in a som ewhat ellipt ical shape.
Hort onspheroids are capable of handling st orage at
pressure from 5 t o 30 PSI G.
Hort onspheroids and hem ispheroids are designed t o
rest on a prepared grade conform ing t o t he shape of
t he bot t om ( usually sand) .
- Cont inued on next page -
10-26
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
SPH EROI D - cont inued
Spheroidal shaped t anks are oft en m ore econom ical
t han cylindrical pressure vessels for st orage at
pressures great er t han 0.5 PSI .
Uses Type 16 foundat ion ( I ndividual Colum n
Foot ing) .
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l:
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial.
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * A 515* .
Liquid volum e :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
Range: 60,000 - 750,000 GALLONS [ 230 - 2,840 M3] ;
Ve sse l dia m e t e r :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
Ve sse l he ight :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
Range: 0.0 - 15 PSI G [ 0.0 - 100 KPA] ;
Default : * 15* PSI G [ * 100* KPA] .
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C] .
Ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : design t em perat ure.
M a nhole dia m e t e r :
Max: 48 I NCHES [ 1,200 MM] ;
Default : * 18* I NCHES [ * 450* MM] .
N u m be r of m a n hole s:
Default : * 1* .
Allow a n ce for in t e r n a ls:
Default : Specify an allowance for int ernals as a
percent of basic vessel weight . Default : * 0.0* .
Ba se m a t e r ia l t hick n e ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] for CS, 0.0 for ot her
m at erials.
Cla dding m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for cladding m at erials.
- Cont inued on next page -
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-27
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
SPH EROI D - cont inued
Cla dding t hick ne ss:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial is
specified, ot herwise - 0.0.
D ia m e t e r opt ion :
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD;
Default - see Area Design Basis.
OD- Out side diam et er
I D- I nside diam et er
N e a r - At m osph e r ic Liqu id St or a ge
STORAGE
Field erect ed st orage t ank.
Not e on Paint ing: The syst em assum es t hat once t he
t ank is assem bled in t he field it will be sandblast ed
and prim ed inside and out , and a finish coat applied
on t he out side only. Use Bulk Adj ust m ent s t o override
t hese values.
The available roof t ypes are FLAT, FLOAT, CONE, LI FT,
OPEN, I NFLT, and I NCN.
Fla t r oof t a n k
Use m inus pressure for vacuum design. Field erect ed.
Float ing roof t anks are frequent ly used in t he st orage
of kerosene and j et fuels. Float ing roofs m ay be
inst alled inside a t ank wit h a fixed roof or used as a
t ank’s only
cover. Typically const ruct ed from polyuret hane foam
blocks or nylon clot h im pregnat ed wit h rubber or
plast ic, float ing roofs are designed t o com plet ely
cont act t he surface of t he st orage product s and
t hereby elim inat e t he vapor space bet ween t he
product level and t he fixed roof.
Floa t in g r oof t a n k
This feat ure m akes float ing roofs desirable for t he
following reasons:
1. Reduct ion of evaporat ion and breat hing
losses.
2. Reduct ion of t ank corrosion.
3. I ncreased safet y from fire or explosion.
- Cont inued on next page -
10-28
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
STORAGE - cont inued
Float ing root t anks are suit able for st orage of product s
having vapor pressures from 2 t o 15 PSI A. Product s
t hat boil at t em perat ures under t he norm al range of
at m ospheric condit ions should not be st ored in float ing
roof t anks.
Cone roof t anks are used for st orage of low pressure
product s ( e.g., oil, diesel and asphalt .) Cone roof
t anks are usually field fabricat ed out of carbon st eel.
Roofs are sloped upward t o t he cent er at a slight
angle. Typically, ranging from 50,000 - 1,000,000
GALLONS capacit ies, t hey are used for st orage of low
vapor pressure product s ( less t han 2 PSI A) when
evaporat ion looses and breat hing losses are not
considered im port ant .
Lift er roof t anks are generally field fabricat ed. They
have a m inim um capacit y of 40,000 GALLONS [ 152
M3] . Lift er roof t anks can be specified wit h pressure
from 0 - 0.05 PSI G
[ 0 - 0.3 KPA] and a m axim um t em perat ure of 250
DEG F [ 120 DEC C] . The default t em perat ure is * 68*
DEG F [ * 20* DEG C] .
Open t op t anks are designed and const ruct ed
according t o user- generat ed design code st andards.
Open t op t anks have a m axim um t em perat ure of 250
DEG F [ 120 DEC C] . The default t em perat ure is * 68*
DEG F [ * 20* DEG C] .
Con e r oof t a n k
Lift e r r oof t a nk
Ope n t op t a nk
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l: For clad plat e, specify t he backing
plat e m at erial ( cladding is defined below) . See
Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * A285C* .
Liquid volum e : Ent er eit her liquid volum e or
diam et er and height .
Ve sse l dia m e t e r : Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er
and height .
Ve sse l he ight : Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and
height .
Roof t ype :
Default : * FLAT*
FLAT- Flat roof t ank
CONE- Cone roof t ank
- Cont inued on next page -
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-29
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
STORAGE - cont inued
FLOAT- Float ing roof t ank
LI FT- Lift er
OPEN- Open roof t ank
I NFLT- I nt ernal float er wit h flat roof
I NCN- I nt ernal float er wit h cone roof
Bot t om t ype :
Default : * FLAT*
FLAT- Single flat bot t om
DBL- Double bot t om
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
0.0 - 2.5 PSI G [ 0.0 - 17 KPA] ;
Default : * 0.05* PSI G [ * 0.35* KPA] .
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C] .
Ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : design t em perat ure.
M a nhole dia m e t e r :
Max: 48 I NCHES [ 1,200 MM] ;
Default : * 18* I NCHES [ * 450* MM] .
N u m be r of m a n hole s: Default : * 1* .
Allow a n ce for in t e r n a ls:
Specify an allowance for int ernals as a percent of
basic vessel weight . Default : * 0.0* .
Ba se m a t e r ia l t hick n e ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : * 0.125* I NCHES [ * 3* MM] for CS, * 0.0* for
ot her m at erials.
Cla dding m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for cladding m at erials.
Cla dding t hick ne ss:
Default : * 0.125* I NCHES [ * 3* MM] if cladding
m at erial is specified; ot herwise: * 0.0* .
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
Range: 0.2 - 5.0; Default : * 1.0* .
D ia m e t e r opt ion :
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD; Default : See
Area Design Basis.
OD- Out side diam et er
I D- I nside diam et er
Fla m e a r r e st or dia m e t e r :
Range: 1.0 - 8.0 I N DI AM [ 25.0 - 200.0 MM DI AM] .
Conse r va t ion ve nt dia m e t e r :
Range: 1.0- 8.0 I N DI AM [ 25.0 - 200.0 MM DI AM] .
10-30
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Cryogenic st orage t ank - double wall, superinsulat ed.
CRYOGEN I C
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * SS304* .
Liquid volum e :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
Range: 300.0 - 60,000.0 GALLONS
[ 1.20 - 227.00 M3] .
Ve sse l dia m e t e r :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
V e sse l t a nge nt t o t a nge nt he ight :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
I f bot h pressure and vacuum are ent ered, design is for
worst case. Default : 250.0 PSI G [ 1,720 KPA] .
Va cuu m de sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
I f bot h pressure and vacuum are ent ered, design is for
worst case. Default : pressure.
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : - 320.0 DEG F [ - 195 DEG C] .
Ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : design t em perat ure.
Ja ck e t de sign ga uge pr e ssur e :
Min: - 14.70 PSI G [ - 100.0 KPA] ;
Default : - 14.70 PSI G [ - 100.0 KPA]
Ja ck e t m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * CS* .
Sk ir t h e igh t :
Skip if legs are required. Ent er ‘0.0’ if hung in OPEN
st ruct ure. Default : 1.5 x diam et er.
Ve sse l le g he ight :
Skip if legs are required. Ent er ‘0.0’ if hung in OPEN
st ruct ure. Default : 1.5 x diam et er.
W in d or se ism ic de sign :
Default : Vessel designed for wind and seism ic loads
defined in Proj ect Basis.
W+ S- Wind and seism ic design required
WI ND- Wind design only
SEI S- Seism ic design only
NONE- Delet e wind and seism ic design
Fluid volu m e :
For seism ic design, fluid volum e as a% of vessel
volum e ( wat er assum ed) .
M a nhole dia m e t e r :
Max: 48.0 I NCHES [ 1,200.0 MM] ;
Default : 18.0 I NCHES [ 450.0 MM]
- Cont inued on next page -
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-31
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
CRYOGEN I C - cont inued
N u m be r of m a n hole s: Default : * 0* .
Allow a n ce for in t e r n a ls:
Specify an allowance for int ernals as a percent of basic
vessel height .
Ba se m a t e r ia l t hick n e ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] for CS, 0.0 for ot her
m at erials.
W e ld e fficie ncy:
ASME/ JI S codes only, where allowed for t hin wall
vessels. Range: 50 - 100; Default : Area Basis.
St r e ss r e lie f:
Default : See Area Design Basis.
CODE- Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES- Provide st ress relief
NO- No st ress relief
St iffe n in g r in g spa cing:
Default st iffeners designed for vacuum only, ent er
‘0.0’ if not required.Head t ype:
ELLI P- 2: 1 ellipsoidal
HEMI - Hem ispherical
TORI - Torispherical ( ASME)
D ia m e t e r opt ion :
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD.
Default : See Area Design Basis.
OD- Out side diam et er
I D- I nside diam et er
Flat bot t om dom e t op. FRP t o 30000 GALLONS [ 113
M3] , HAVEG t o 7000 GALLONS [ 26 M3] .
Fiberglass Reinforced Plast ic St orage Tank: Filam entwound wit h a biosphere - a polyest er resin ( e.g., At lac
282) . Flat bot t om and dom e t op under 2.5 PSI G [ 16.7
KPA] , ot herwise dished heads.
PLAST TAN K
Haveg St orage Tank.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * FRP*
FRP- FRP
HAVEG- Haveg
Liquid volum e :
Volum e or diam et er + height required input Range:
1,000 - 30,000 GALLONS [ 3.8 - 113 M3]
- Cont inued on next page -
10-32
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
PLAST TAN K - cont inued
Ve sse l dia m e t e r :
Volum e or diam et er + height input .
Max: 12.0 FEET [ 93.6 M] .
Ve sse l he ight :
Volum e or diam et er + height required input .
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
Range: 0.00 - 15.00 PSI G [ 0 - 100 KPA] ;
Default : * 0.05* PSI G [ * 0.3* KPA] .
Te m pe r a t u r e :
Max: 300 DEG F [ 120 DEG C] ;
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C] .
Wooden st orage t anks t o 50000 GALLONS [ 1890 M3] .
W OOD TAN K
M a t e r ia l: Default : * CYPRS*
CYPRS- Cypress
REDWD- Redwood
PI NE- Pine
FI R- Fir
Liquid volum e :
Volum e or diam et er + height required input .
Range: 800 - 50,000 GALLONS [ 3.1 - 189 M3] .
Ve sse l dia m e t e r :
Volum e or diam et er + height required input .
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
Range: 0.0 - 0.05 PSI G [ 0.0 - 0.3 KPA] .
Default : * 0.05* PSI G [ * 0.3* KPA] .
Te m pe r a t u r e :
Max: 250 DEG F [ 120 DEG C] ;
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C] .
N e a r - At m osph e r ic Ga s St or a ge
GAS H OLD ER
Telescoping gas holder.
Low pressure gas vessel.
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l:
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial. See
Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * A285C* .
Ga s volu m e :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
Ve sse l dia m e t e r :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
Ve sse l he ight :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
- Cont inued on next page -
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-33
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
GAS H OLD ER - cont inued
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
Range: 0.0 - 2.5 PSI G [ 0.0 - 17 KPA] ;
Default : * 0.05* PSI G [ * 0.35* KPA] .
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C] .
Ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : Design t em perat ure.
M a nhole dia m e t e r :
Max: 48 I NCHES [ 1,200 MM] ;
Default : * 18* I NCHES [ * 450* MM]
N u m be r of m a n hole s:
Default : * 1* .
Allow a n ce for in t e r n a ls:
Specify an allowance for int ernals as a percent of basic
vessel weight . Default : * 0.0* .
Ba se m a t e r ia l t hick n e ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial is
specified; ot herwise 0.0.
Cla dding m a t e r ia l: See Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
Cla dding t hick ne ss:
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] if cladding m at erial is
specified, ot herwise 0.0.
D ia m e t e r opt ion :
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD.
Default : - See Area Design Basis.
OD- Out side diam et er
I D- I nside diam et er
At m osphe r ic Solid/ Liquid St or a ge
CON E BTM
Cone bot t om , flat t op st orage bin.
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l:
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial. See
Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * A285C* .
Liquid volum e :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
Ve sse l dia m e t e r :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
Ve sse l he ight :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
- Cont inued on next page -
10-34
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
CON E BTM - cont inued
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
Min: 0.0 PSI G [ 0.0 KPA] ;
Default : 0.05 PSI G [ 0.35 KPA] .
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : 68 DEG F [ 20 DEG C] t o 0.05 PSI [ 0.35 KPA] ;
else 650 DEG F [ 340 DEG C] ferrous, 250 DEG F [ 120
DEG C] ot her.
Ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : Design t em perat ure.
Ve sse l le g he ight :
Ent er ‘0.0’ if bin hung in OPEN st ruct ure;
Default : * 4* FEET [ * 1.25* M] .
M a nhole dia m e t e r :
Max: 48 I NCHES [ 1,200 MM] ;
Default : * 18* I NCHES [ * 450* MM] .
N u m be r of m a n hole s: Default : * 1* .
Allow a n ce for in t e r n a ls:
Specify an allowance for int ernals as a percent of basic
vessel weight . Default : * 0.0* .
Ba se m a t e r ia l t hick n e ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : * 0.125* I NCHES [ * 3* MM] for CS, * 0.0* for
ot her m at erials.
N u m be r of body fla n ge se t s:
Num ber of set s ( pairs) of body flanges of sam e
diam et er as vessel.
St r e ss r e lie f:
Default : See Area Design Basis
CODE- Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES- Provide st ress relief
NO- No st ress relief
Cla dding m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
Cla dding t hick ne ss:
Default * 0.125* I NCHES [ * 3* MM] if cladding m at erial
is specified; ot herwise: * 0.0* .
H e a d t h ick n e ss Top:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
H e a d t h ick n e ss Bot t om :
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
- Cont inued on next page -
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-35
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
CON E BTM - cont inued
D ia m e t e r opt ion :
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD;
Default - see Area Design Basis.
OD- Out side diam et er
I D- I nside diam et er
ASM E de sign ba sis:
Applicable only for ASME code design.
See following ent ries for fat igue dat a.
Default : * D1NF* .
D1NF- ASME Division 1 - no fat igue analysis
D1F- ASME Division 1 - wit h fat igue analysis
D2NF- ASME Division 2 - no fat igue analysis
D2F- ASME Division 2 - wit h fat igue analysis
St a r t St op cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat igue only. Thousands of st art- up cycles
during t he full equipm ent life.
Range: 5.00 - 0.02.
Pr e ssu r e cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat igue only. Thousands of deviat ions from
design pressure during equipm ent life.
Default : * 0* .
Pr e ssur e a m plit ude :
ASME fat igue only. Am plit ude of process deviat ion as
percent of design pressure. Default : * 0* .
N u m be r of h ydr ost a t ic t e st s:
ASME fat igue only. Num ber of hydrost at ic t est s during
t he full equipm ent life. Default : * 0* .
Te m pe r a t u r e cycle s x 1 0 0 0 :
ASME fat igue only. Thousands of deviat ions from
design t em perat ure in equipm ent life.
Default : * 0* .
Te m pe r a t u r e a m plit u de :
ASME fat igue only. Am plit ude of t em perat ure as a
percent of design t em perat ure. Default : * 0* .
Live bot t om st orage bin.
LI VE BTM
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l:
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial.
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials. Default : * A285C* .
Solid volu m e :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
- Cont inued on next page -
10-36
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
LI VE BTM - cont inued
Ve sse l dia m e t e r :
MAX: 15 FEET [ 4.69 M]
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
Ve sse l he ight :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
Ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : Design t em perat ure.
Ve sse l le g he ight :
Ent er ‘0.0’ if bin hung in OPEN st ruct ure;
Default : * 4* FEET [ * 1.25* M] .
M a nhole dia m e t e r :
Max: 48 I NCHES [ 1,200 MM] ;
Default : * 18* I NCHES [ * 450* MM] .
N u m be r of m a n hole s: Default : * 1* .
Allow a n ce for in t e r n a ls:
Specify an allowance for int ernals as a percent of basic
vessel weight . Default : * 0.0* .
Ba se m a t e r ia l t hick n e ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : * 0.125* I NCHES [ * 3* MM] for CS, * 0.0* for
ot her m at erials.
N u m be r of body fla n ge se t s:
Num ber of set s ( pairs) of body flanges of sam e
diam et er as vessel.
St r e ss r e lie f:
Default : See Area Design Basis.
CODE- Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES- Provide st ress relief
NO- No st ress relief
Cla dding m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for m at erials.
Cla dding t hick ne ss:
Default * 0.125* I NCHES [ * 3* MM] if cladding m at erial
is specified; ot herwise: * 0.0* .
D ia m e t e r opt ion :
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD;
Default - see Area Design Basis.
OD- Out side diam et er
I D- I nside diam et er
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-37
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Tile Che st s
Tile chest s provide t ile lined t anks for st orage of
liquids, suspensions or slurries. Alt hough t ile chest s
are used in t he chem ical indust ry, t hey
are predom inant ly used in pulp and paper m ills for
st oring fiber suspensions at various st ages of
processing. Chest s can be rect angular or cylindrical
and m ay be concret e or m et allic. Various designs are
available depending on t he nat ure of t he fluid — high
densit y, low densit y.
Tile Chest s, rect angular concret e include t he following CH EST REC
opt ions:
•
Single t ile chest
•
Group of t ile chest s
•
One chest in a gr oup of chest s.
Gr ou ping opt ion : PARTGRP is used for one chest in
assem blage, WHLGRP t o define an ent ire assem blage.
Default : * PARTGRP* .
SI NGLE- Tile chest is a single st and- alone it em
PARTGRP- One chest of a m ult i- group assem blage
WHLGRP- Ent ire m ult i- group assem blage
I nside le ngt h:
Ent er eit her chest dim ensions or capacit y.
Ve sse l he ight :
Ent er eit her chest dim ensions or capacit y.
I n side w idt h :
Ent er eit her chest dim ensions or capacit y.
Che st volum e :
Ent er eit her chest dim ensions ( lengt h height , widt h) or
capacit y; Min: 30000 GALLONS ( 114M3) ;
Max: 1300000 GALLONS ( 4921 M3) . I f Grouping
Opt ion is WHLGRP, ent er capacit y of ent ire group;
ot herwise ent er capacit y of t his chest .
Tile or lining t ype :
Default : * 25RSB*
25RSB- 2.5 I NCHES [ 62 MM] red shale brick
45RSB- 4.5 I NCHES [ 112 MM] red shale brick
80RSB- 8.0 I NCHES [ 200 MM] red shale brick
- Cont inued on next page -
10-38
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
CH EST REC - cont inued
Tile or lining:
Percent of chest surface t o be lined,
100% = one side; 200% = inside + out side. Max:
200; Default : 100.
Configu r a t ion :
Default : * OPEN*
OPEN- Open t op chest
CLOSED- Chest has a roof
I n st a lla t ion opt ion:
Default : * GRADE*
GRADE- Tile chest is const ruct ed on grade
STRUCT- Tile chest is wit hin a st ruct ure
Ca pa cit y of gr ou p:
For PARTGRP chest only, capacit y of ent ire group;
Default : 4x chest capacit y.
N um be r of che st s in gr oup:
For WHLGRP chest only, ent er num ber of chest s in
ent ire assem blage. Default : * 4* .
N u m be r of pa r t it ion s le ngt hw ise :
Num ber of full lengt h part it ions parallel t o lengt h
dim ension ( m ay be fract ion) .
N um be r of pa r t it ions w idt hw ise :
Num ber of widt h wide part it ions parallel t o widt h
dim ension ( m ay be fract ion) .
Soil t ype :
SOFT CLAY- Bearing: 2000 PSF [ 100 KN/ M2]
FI RM CLAY- Bearing: 4000 PSF [ 200 KN/ M2]
WET SAND- Bearing: 4000 PSF [ 200 KN/ M2]
SAND+ CLAY- Bearing: 4000 PSF [ 200 KN/ M2]
DRY SAND- Bearing: 600 PSF [ 300 KN/ M2]
SAND- Bearing: 8000 PSF [ 400 KN/ M2]
GRAVEL- Bearing: 12000 PSF [ 600 KN/ M2]
SOFT ROCK- Bearing: 16000 PSF [ 800 KN/ M2]
HARDPAN- Bearing: 20000 PSF [ 1000 KN/ M2]
MED- ROCK- Bearing: 30000 PSF [ 1400 KN/ M2]
HARD ROCK.- Bearing: 80000 PSF [ 3800 KN/ M2]
Pr odu ct de n sit y:
Default : * 62.4* PCF.
Ex clu de e x ca va t ion:
Exclude port ion of calculat ed quant it y if not required
or com m on wit h ot her it em s. Max: 100; Default :
* 0.0* .
- Cont inued on next page -
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-39
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
CH EST REC - cont inued
Foot in gs e x clu sion :
Exclude port ion of calculat ed quant it y
com m on wit h ot her it em s. Max: 100;
Floor e x clu sion :
Exclude port ion of calculat ed quant it y
com m on wit h ot her it em s. Max: 100;
W a ll le ngt h e x clusion:
Exclude port ion of calculat ed quant it y
com m on wit h ot her it em s. Max: 100;
W a ll w idt h e x clusion:
Exclude port ion of calculat ed quant it y
com m on wit h ot her it em s. Max: 100;
if not required or
Default : * 0.0* .
if not required or
Default : * 0.0* .
if not required or
Default : * 0.0* .
if not required or
Default : * 0.0* .
Tile Ch e st s, Cylindr ica l
CH EST CYL
Low densit y t ile chest wit h a capacit y range of 3000 t o
300000 GALLONS [ 12 t o 1135 M3] . Chest is available
in concret e or m et allic m at erials of const ruct ion. I f t he
user ent ers no dim ensions ( diam et er, height , widt h,
lengt h) , t he capacit y range is 3000 t o 300000
GALLONS [ 12 t o 1135 M3] .
High densit y t ile chest wit h a capacit y range of 30000
t o 1300000 GALLONS [ 114 t o 4921 M3] . Chest is
available in concret e or m et allic m at erials of
const ruct ion.
Sha pe sym bol:
Default : * CYLLD*
CYLLD- Cylindrical chest , low densit y st ock
CYLHD- Cylindrical chest , high densit y st ock
I n side dia m e t e r :
Chest dim ensions or capacit y required.
Ve sse l he ight :
Chest dim ensions or capacit y required.
Che st volum e :
Ent er eit her dim ensions ( diam et er, height ) or
capacit y; Min: 3000 GALLONS [ 12 M3] ; Max: 300000
GALLONS [ 1135 M3]
- Cont inued on next page -
10-40
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
CH EST CYL - cont in ue d
Tile or lining t ype :
Default : * 25RSB*
25RBS- 2.5 I NCH [ 62 MM] red shale brick
45RSB- 4.5 I NCH [ 112 MM] red shale brick
80RSB- 8.0 I NCH [ 200 MM] red shale brick
Tile or lining:
Percent of chest t o be lined. 100% = one side; 200%
= inside + out side. Max: 200; Default : * 100* .
Configu r a t ion :
Default : * OPEN*
OPEN- Open t op chest
CLOSED- Chest has a roof
I n st a lla t ion opt ion:
Default : * GRADE*
GRADE- Tile chest is const ruct ed on grade
STRUCT- Tile chest is wit hin a st ruct ure
Soil t ype :
SOFT CLAY- Bearing: 2000 PSF [ 100 KN/ M2]
FI RM CLAY- Bearing: 4000 PSF [ 200 KN/ M2]
WET SAND- Bearing: 4000 PSF [ 200 KN/ M2]
SAND+ CLAY- Bearing: 4000 PSF [ 200 KN/ M2]
DRY SAND- Bearing: 600 PSF [ 300 KN/ M2]
SAND- Bearing: 8000 PSF [ 400 KN/ M2]
GRAVEL- Bearing: 12000 PSF [ 600 KN/ M2]
SOFT ROCK- Bearing: 16000 PSF [ 800 KN/ M2]
HARDPAN- Bearing: 20000 PSF [ 1000 KN/ M2]
MED- ROCK- Bearing: 30000 PSF [ 1400 KN/ M2]
HARD ROCK.- Bearing: 80000 PSF [ 3800 KN/ M2]
Pr odu ct de n sit y:
Default : * 62.4* PCF [ 1,000 KG/ M3] .
Ex clu de e x ca va t ion:
Exclude port ion of calculat ed quant it y if not required
or com m on wit h ot her it em s. Max: 100;
Default : * 0.0* .
Foot in gs e x clu sion :
Exclude port ion of calculat ed quant it y if not required
or com m on wit h ot her it em s. Max: 100;
Default : * 0.0* .
Floor e x clu sion :
Exclude port ion of calculat ed quant it y if not required
or com m on wit h ot her it em s. Max: 100; Default :
* 0.0* .
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-41
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l:
CH EST M TL
For clad plat e, specify t he backing plat e m at erial.
( Cladding is defined below.) © © Default : * A285C* .
Liquid volum e :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
Ve sse l dia m e t e r :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
Ve sse l he ight :
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
Tile or lining t ype :
Default : * 25RSB*
25RSB- 2.4 I NCH [ 62 MM] red shale brick
45RSB- 4.5 I NCH [ 112 MM] red shale brick
80RSB- 8.0 I NCH [ 200 MM] red shale brick
Tile or lining:
Percent of chest surface t o be lined. 100% = one side;
200% = inside + out side. Max: 200;
Default : * 100* .
Roof t ype :
Default : * FLAT*
FLAT- Flat roof t ank
CONE- Cone roof t ank
FLOAT- Float ing roof t ank
LI FT- Lift er
OPEN- Open t op t ank
I NFLT- I nt ernal float er wit h flat roof
I NCN- I nt ernal float er wit h cone roof
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
Range: 0 - 2.5 PSI G [ 0 - 17.0 KPA] ;
Default : * 0.05* PSI G [ * 0.35* KPA] .
I gnore t his field for open t op t anks.
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C] .
Ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : Design t em perat ure.
M a nhole dia m e t e r :
Max: 48 I NCHES [ 1,200 MM] ;
Default : * 18* I NCHES [ 450.0 MM] .
N u m be r of m a n hole s:
Default : * 1* .
Allow a n ce for in t e r n a ls:
Specify an allowance for int ernals as a percent of basic
vessel weight . Default : * 0.0* .
Ba se m a t e r ia l t hick n e ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
- Cont inued on next page -
10-42
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Cor r osion a llow a n ce :
CH EST M TL
Default : * 0.125* I NCHES [ * 3* MM] for CS, * 0.0* for
ot her m at erials.
Cla dding m a t e r ia l:
See Chapt er 28 for cladding m at erials.
Cla dding t hick ne ss:
Default : * 0.125* I NCHES [ * 3* MM] for cladding
m at erial, ot herwise * 0.0* .
Spe cific gr a vit y:
Range: 0.2 - 5.0; Default : * 1.0* .
D ia m e t e r opt ion :
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD.
Default : See Area Design Basis.
Bot t om t ype :
Default : * FLAT*
FLAT- Single flat bot t om
DBL- Double bot t om
Sa nit a r y ve r t ica l cylindr ica l ve sse l
SAN TAN K
Since t his is a sanit ary it em , t he t ank is built t o
sanit ary st andards, including polished st ainless st eel.
This is not a pressure vessel.
She ll M a t e r ia l:
SS304,* SS316*
Applicat ion:
The applicat ion sym bol defines vessel funct ion and
relat ed pipe/ inst rum . m odel.
* SURGE* - Surge t ank
MI X- Mixing t ank
Liqu id Volu m e :
MAX: 5,000 GALLONS [ 18.9 M3]
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
V e sse l D ia m e t e r :
MAX: 9.25 FEET [ 2.8 M]
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
Ve sse l H e ight :
MAX: 10 FEET [ 3 M]
Ent er eit her capacit y or diam et er and height .
Ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t ur e :
MI N: 68 DEG F [ 20 DEG C]
Cove r t ype :
* OPEN* - Open t op
FLAT- Loose flat t op
FI XED- Fixed flat t op wit h bridge
DI SH- Dished t op wit h m anway and agit at or nozzle
- Cont inued on next page -
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-43
Ve r t ica l Ta n k s ( VT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
SAN TAN K - cont inued
Bot t om t ype :
WELL- Well bot t om
SLOPE- Sloped bot t om
TORI - Torispherical bot t om
* CON15* - 15 degree cone bot t om
CON30- 30 degree cone bot t om
CON45- 45 degree cone bot t om
CON60- 60 degree cone bot t om
Ja ck e t t ype :
* NONE* - No j acket
DMPLE- 90 PSI G [ 620 KPA] dim ple j acket
LN G Ta n k
A Full Cont ainm ent Double Walled Tank im plies t hat
bot h t he inner st eel t ank and t he out er prest ressed
concret e shell wit h reinforced concret e spherical dom e
are independent ly capable of resist ing t he Design Load
Condit ions and allow for t heir special charact erist ics,
since failure of eit her can lead t o leakage of LNG
gaseous fum es which are bot h t oxic and highly
flam m able.
D ESI GN LOAD S
W in d for ce a dj u st m e n t :
Addit ional adj ust m ent for wind force specified in
proj ect civil design specs. roj ect civil design specs.
Min: 0
Max: 2
Default : 1
Se ism ic for ce a dj ust m e n t :
Addit ional adj ust m ent for wind force specified in
proj ect civil design specs. roj ect civil design specs.
Min: 0
Max: 2
Default : 1
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
Min: > 0
Default : 4.21 PSI G
D e sign bla st pr e ssu r e :
Min: 0
Default : 2.18 PSI G
Roof live loa d:
Min: 0
Default : 50 PSF
- cont inued-
10-44
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
D e scr ipt ion
Type
LN G Ta n k - cont inued
I N N ER STEEL TAN K
LN G t a n k volu m e :
Minim um Volum e = 1,320,500 Gallons [ 5,000 M^ 3]
Maxim um Volum e = 52,835,000 Gallons [ 200,000
M^ 3]
Min: > 0 Gallons
Ta n k dia m e t e r :
Ent er eit her volum e or diam et er and height
Min: > 0 FEET
Ta n k he igh t :
Ent er eit her volum e or diam et er and height
Min: > 0 FEET
She ll M a t e r ia l:
9% Ni st eel is t ypically used in cryogenic st orage
applicat ions
Default : A 553
She ll w a ll t hick ne ss:
Min: > 0 I NCHES
Max: 2 I NCHES
Fluid spe cific gr a vit y:
Min: 0.2
Max: 5
Default : .0476
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : - 274 F
Ope r a t ing Te m pe r a t u r e :
Default : Design operat ing t em perat ure
OUTER CON CRETE TAN K
Ta n k dia m e t e r ( I D ) :
Min: > 0 FEET
Ta n k he igh t ) :
Min: > 0 FEET
W a ll t hick ne ss:
Prest ressed concret e wall t hickness, inches [ m m ]
Min: 6 I NCHES
Concr e t e t ype :
B - St andard concret e
C - Higher grade concret e
D - Chem ical resist ant concret e
Default - as specified in unit area civil specs or
proj ect civil specs.
- cont inued-
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-45
D e scr ipt ion
Type
LN G Ta n k - cont inued
SUBM ERGED PUM PS
N u m be r of pu m ps:
Min: > 0
Default : 1.
Ca sing m a t e r ia l:
I - 1: Case: CI ; im peller/ wear part s: CI
I - 2: Case: CI ; im peller/ wear part s: Bronze
S- 1: Case: CS; im peller/ wear part s: CI
S- 3: Case: CS; im peller/ wear part s: A436
S- 4: Case: CS; im peller: CS; wear part s: CI
S- 5: Case: CS; im peller.: CS; wear part s: 12% Cr
S- 6: Case: CS; im peller/ wear part s: 12% Cr
S- 8: Case: CS; im peller/ wear part s: SS316
S- 9: Case: Monel- lined CS; im peller/ wear: Monel
C- 6: All part s: 12% Cr
A- 7: All part s: SS304
A- 8: All part s: SS316
D- 1: All part s: Duplex
CAST MATLS...: See a list of cast ing m at erials.
Default : A- 7
Liquid flow r a t e :
Min: > 0 GPM
Default : 1,300 GPM
Fluid he a d:
Min: > 0 FEET
Maxim um head: 1000 FT [ 300 M] at 30xHZ;
3800 FT [ 1150 M] at 60xHZ.
Default : 800 FEET
Spe e d:
Min: 1800 RPM
Max: 3600 RPM
Speed varies wit h pum p head
Addit iona l N ot e s:
1. The civil and st eel volum et ric bulks are included in
t he equipm ent cost .
2. A pile foundat ion will aut om at ically be designed if
required. The soil t ype, pile t ype, and pile
param et ers are specified in t he unit area civil specs or
proj ect civil specs.
3. The inner st eel t ank freeboard is calculat ed based
on t he inner t ank height , diam et er, and seism ic
horizont al accelerat ion. The seism ic horizont al
accelerat ion is specified in t he proj ect civil specs.
- cont inued-
10-46
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
D e scr ipt ion
Type
LN G Ta n k cont in ue d
4. The inner st eel t ank is checked for overt urning
st abilit y.
5. The foundat ion concret e t ype is based on t he unit
area civil specs or proj ect civil specs.
6. The following st eel plat es are assum ed as ¼ ” t hick:
Prim ary bot t om , secondary bot t om , secondary corner
prot ect ion, and vapor barrier.
7. The bot t om foam insulat ion is assum ed as 3’- 6”
t hick.
8. The t ank lid foam insulat ion is assum ed as 2’- 0”
t hick.
9. I f an ext ernal civil dat a file is specified, adj ust m ent s
m ay be m ade t o t he labor hours as follows:
•
Concret e dom e roof = Foundat ion t ype 4 ( Mass
pour)
•
Prest ressed concret e roof ring beam =
Foundat ion t ype 12 ( Colum ns and beam s)
•
Prest ressed concret e walls = Foundat ion t ype 13
( Walls)
•
I nner t ank concret e ring foundat ion = Foundat ion
t ype 9 ( Circular ring foundat ion for large t anks)
•
Out er t ank foundat ion = Foundat ion t ype 4 ( Mass
pour)
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
10-47
10-48
1 0 Ve sse ls ( G1 0 )
1 1 Cr u sh e r s, M ills a n d St ock
Tr e a t m e n t
( G6 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
Crushers ( CR)
Flakers ( FL)
Mills ( M)
St ock Treat m ent ( ST)
1 1 Cr ushe r s, M ills a nd St ock Tr e a t m e n t ( G6 )
11-1
Cr u sh e r s ( CR)
I ncludes m ot or and drive unit .
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Cone crusher for secondary and fine crushing for hard CON E
and m edium hard m at erials such as lim est one, st one
and rock.
The cone crusher is a t ype of gyrat ory crusher. A
conical head is gyrat ed by m eans of an eccent ric
driven t hrough gears and a count ershaft . The gyrat ory
m ot ion causes t he conical head t o approach and
recede from t he walls of t he crushing cham ber. The
m at erial receives a series of rapid blows as it passes
t hrough t he crushing cavit y.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* .
M a n t le dia m e t e r :
Range: 20 - 84 I NCHES [ 510 - 2,130 MM] .
Cr u she r t ype :
Default : * STAND*
STAND- St andard head
SHORT- Short head
11-2
1 1 Cr ushe r s, M ills a nd St ock Tr e a t m e n t ( G6 )
Cr u sh e r s ( CR) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Prim ary and secondary crushing of hard and m edium
hard m at erials such as lim est one, st one and rock.
GYRATORY
A conical head is gyrat ed by m eans of an eccent ric
driven t hrough gears and a count ershaft . The gyrat ory
m ot ion causes t he conical head t o approach and
recede from t he walls of t he crushing cham ber. The
m at erial receives a series of rapid blows as it passes
t hrough t he crushing cavit y.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* .
M a n t le dia m e t e r :
Range: 20 - 120 I NCHES [ 510 - 3,045 MM] .
Cr u she r t ype :
Default : * PRI ME*
PRI ME- Prim ary crushing
SECOND- Secondary crushing
Overhead eccent ric j aw crusher for prim ary and
secondary crushing of hard, t ough and abrasive
m at erials, such as quart z, rock, glass and ferroalloys.
I ncludes hydraulic t oggle, m ot or and m ot or drive
sheave and V belt s.
ECCEN TRI C
A m oving j aw opens and closes against a vert ical or
slight ly inclined fixed j aw by m eans of a t oggle t o
crush t he feed m at erial. I n single- t oggle m achines t he
m oving j aw has an alm ost circular m ot ion at t he
upper- end of t he j aw plat e and an ellipt ical m ovem ent
at t he lower- end. This m ot ion causes t he j aw plat es t o
wear fast er t han double- t oggle m achines but also
assist s t he flow of m at erial t hrough t he crushing
cham ber. The t rend is t owards single- t oggle m achines
because t he increased wear is usually out weighed by
t he lower init ial cost of t he single- t oggle m achine.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* .
Cr ushe r flow r a t e :
Range: 25 - 1,620 TPH [ 23 - 1,460 TON/ H] .
Pr odu ct size :
Range: 1 - 16 I NCHES [ 25 - 400] .
1 1 Cr ushe r s, M ills a nd St ock Tr e a t m e n t ( G6 )
11-3
Cr u sh e r s ( CR) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Swing j aw crusher for prim ary and secondary
JAW
crushing of hard and/ or abrasive m at erials such
as quart z rock, glass and ferroalloys.
A m oving j aw is opened and closed by m eans of
a pair of t oggles against a vert ical or slight ly
inclined fixed j aw crushing t he feed m at erial.
( See ECCEN TRI C crusher for addit ional
inform at ion.)
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* .
Cr ushe r flow r a t e :
Range: 70 - 610 TPH [ 65 - 550 TON/ H] .
Pr odu ct size :
Range: 2 - 8 I NCHES [ 50 - 200 MM] .
Rot ary crusher for coarse, soft m at erials, such
as gypsum , phosphat e rock, pit ch, m ica,
cocoanut shells.
ROTARY
A t oot hed cone rot at es inside a t oot hed shell.
The clearance bet ween t he t eet h on t he cone
and t he t eet h on t he shell det erm ines t he
product size.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* .
D r ive r pow e r :
Range: 2 - 25 HP [ 1.5 - 18.5 KW] .
Single roll crushers are m anufact ured in light ,
m edium and heavy dut y const ruct ions for t he
prim ary crushing of friable m at erials such as
coal; m edium hard m at erials such as coal,
phosphat e rock and shale; and hard m at erials
such as cem ent rock, iron ore and lim est one.
S ROLL LT
Single roll crusher for light dut y prim ary and
secondary crushing for coal and ot her friable
m at erials.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* .
Cr u sh e r flow r a t e :
Range: 140 - 1,470 TPH
[ 128 - 1,330 TON/ H] .
Pr odu ct size :
Range: 2 - 6 I NCHES [ 50 - 150 MM] .
11-4
1 1 Cr ushe r s, M ills a nd St ock Tr e a t m e n t ( G6 )
Cr u sh e r s ( CR) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
S ROLL LT - cont inued
Single roll crusher for m edium dut y prim ary and/ or
secondary crushing for coal and ot her friable
m at erials.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* .
Cr u sh e r flow r a t e :
Range: 105 - 840 TPH [ 95 - 760 TON/ H] .
Pr odu ct size :
Range: 2 - 8 I NCHES [ 50 - 200 MM] .
S ROLL M ED
S ROLL H VY
Single roll cr usher for heavy dut y prim ary and/ or
secondary crushing for coal and ot her friable
m at erials.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* .
Cr ushe r flow r a t e :
Range: 175 - 1,000 TPH [ 160 - 900 TON/ H] .
Pr odu ct size :
Range: 2 - 8 I NCHES [ 50 - 200 MM] .
Sawt oot h crusher. Size reduct ion in t earing via t oot hed SAW TOOTH
rollers for lum py and friable m at erials, such as
plast ics, shale, charcoal, shells and bark.
The part icles are crushed bet ween t wo rollers wit h
sawt oot h- like proj ect ions.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* .
D r ive r pow e r :
Range: 5 - 40 HP [ 4 - 30 KW] .
Reversible ham m erm ill for secondary reduct ion of hard REV- H AM R
and m edium hard m inerals, st one, rock, lim est one,
low- silica ores/ chem icals.
Tert iary reduct ion of friables m at erials in closed circuit
crushing.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* .
Cr ushe r flow r a t e :
Range: 20 - 450 TPH [ 18 - 408 TON/ H] .
1 1 Cr ushe r s, M ills a nd St ock Tr e a t m e n t ( G6 )
11-5
Cr u sh e r s ( CR) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Non- reversible ham m erm ill for secondary crushing of H AM M ER
bit um inous and sub- bit um inous coals, lignit e, gypsum M ED
and som e m edium - hard m inerals.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* .
Cr ushe r flow r a t e :
Range: 15 - 40 TPH [ 13 - 36 TON/ H] .
Non- reversible ham m erm ill for hard m at erials ( cem ent SW I N G H AM R
rock, lim est one) .
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* .
Cr ushe r flow r a t e :
Range: 30 - 180 TPH [ 27 - 160 TON/ H] .
Rot ary breaker for sim ult aneous sizing and cleaning of BRAD FORD
run- of- m ine coal.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* .
Cr ushe r flow r a t e :
Range: 450 - 1,500 TPH [ 400 - 1360 TON/ H] .
Single rot or im pact breaker for prim ary and secondary S I MPACT
breaking of non- abrasive quarry rock and sim ilar
m at erials.
Cr ushe r flow r a t e :
Range: 250 - 1,000 TPH [ 225 - 900 TON/ H] .
Fine and m edium crushing of soft non- abrasive
m at erials.
PULVERI ZER
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* .
Cr ushe r flow r a t e :
Range: 300 - 8,500 LP/ H [ 140 - 3,855 KW] .
D r ive r pow e r :
Range: 3 - 75 HP [ 2.22 - 55] .
11-6
1 1 Cr ushe r s, M ills a nd St ock Tr e a t m e n t ( G6 )
Cr u sh e r s ( CR) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Ring granulat or for prim ary and secondary crushing of ROLL RI N G
bit um inous and sub- bit um inous coals, lignit e, gypsum
and som e m edium hard m inerals.
Heavy cast st eel rings, t oot hed and/ or plain, at t he
end of rot at ing arm s crush solid m at erial by a
com binat ion of im pact breaking and rolling
com pression.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* .
Cr ushe r flow r a t e :
Range: 50 - 2,000 TPH [ 45 - 1,800 TON/ H] .
Fla k e r s ( FL)
I ncludes m ot or and drive.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Drum flaker t o 200 SF [ 18 M2] of surface.
D RUM
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* .
Sur fa ce a r e a :
Range: 10 - 250 SF [ 1 - 23 M2] .
M ills ( M )
I ncludes m ill, m ot or, bearings, gears, lube syst em and vendor- supplied
inst rum ent s.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
At t rit ion m ill t o 300 HP [ 224 KW] .
ATTRI TI ON
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* .
D r ive r pow e r :
Range: 5 - 300 HP [ 4 - 224 KW] .
D r ive r spe e d:
Max: 3,600 RPM
1 1 Cr ushe r s, M ills a nd St ock Tr e a t m e n t ( G6 )
11-7
M ills ( M ) - cont inued.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Wet or dry aut ogenous m ills.
AUTOGEN OUS
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* .
Applica t ion :
Default : * WET*
WET- Wet grinding
DRY- Dry grinding
Ball m ill includes init ial ball charge.
BALL M I LL
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* .
Applica t ion :
Default : * WET*
WET- Wet grinding
DRY- Dry grinding
Rod m ill includes init ial rod charge.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* .
Applica t ion :
Default : * WET*
WET- Wet grinding
DRY- Dry grinding
ROD M I LL
Micro- pulverizer t o 30 HP [ 22 KW] .
M I KRO PULV
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* .
D r ive r pow e r :
Range: 7.5 - 30 HP [ 5.5 - 22 KW] .
D r ive r spe e d:
Max: 3,600 RPM
Roller m ill t o 400 HP [ 300 KW] .
ROLLER
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* .
Applica t ion :
Default : * WET*
WET- Wet grinding
DRY- Dry grinding
Rod charger for rod m ill.
11-8
ROD CH ARGR
1 1 Cr ushe r s, M ills a nd St ock Tr e a t m e n t ( G6 )
St ock Tr e a t m e n t s ( ST)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Refiners are used for t he refining of fibers eit her from
Kraft pulping or secondary fiber operat ions.
REFI N ER
The refiner is a double- disk t ype wit h rot or and st at or
in a quick opening hinged housing. The shaft is
support ed on ant i- frict ion grease- lubricat ed bearings,
packing box, elect ro- m echanical plat e posit ioning. Also
included is t he drive consist ing of t he gear box, elect ric
m ot or, coupling and guard.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * SS316*
SS316- SS316
SS304- SS304
St ock flow r a t e :
Ent er st ock flow rat e ( bone dry) or plat e diam et er.
Range: 5 - 2000 TPD [ .20 - 75 TON/ H] .
Pla t e dia m e t e r :
Ent er st ock flow rat e ( bone dry) or plat e diam et er.
Range: 12 - 60 I NCHES [ 305 - 1,520 MM] .
CSF - m l of w a t e r :
CSF = Canadian St andard Freeness.
Default : * 120* .
Deflakers reduce and disperse flakes int o finer size,
and are m ainly used in pulp m ill operat ions.
The unit can be designed for a wide range of capacit ies
and solids concent rat ion. Due t o t he int erm eshing
st at or and rot or design, t he unit can also be used in
high shear m ixing operat ions. Two designs are
available:
• Plat e t ype — includes st at or and rot or plat e t ackles
D EFLAKE D K
housed in a body wit h quick hinged door opening
for easy m aint enance, elect ric m ot or driver,
coupling, packing seal, ext ernal rot or/ st at or
adj ust m ent m echanism , built in j unk t rap.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * SS316*
SS316- SS316
SS304- SS304
H ydr a u lic ca pa cit y:
Ent er hydraulic capacit y or rot or diam et er.
Range: 5.0 - 2000 GPM [ 0.3 - 125.0 LS] .
- Cont inued on next page -
1 1 Cr ushe r s, M ills a nd St ock Tr e a t m e n t ( G6 )
11-9
St ock Tr e a t m e n t s ( ST) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
D EFLAKE D K - cont inued
Rot or dia m e t e r :
Ent er hydraulic capacit y or rot or diam et er.
Range: 4 - 30 I NCHES [ 100 - 750 MM] .
D e fla k e r spe e d:
Default : * 1,800* RPM.
Consist e n cy Air D r ie d:
Range: 1 - 10; Default : * 4* .
• Concent ric conical t ype — includes shell and plug
t ackles housed in body, elect ric m ot or driver,
ext ernal rot or/ st at or adj ust m ent m echanism , built
in j unk t rap and lube oil syst em .
D EFLAKE CN
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * SS316*
SS316- SS316
SS304- SS304
H ydr a u lic ca pa cit y:
Range: 5 - 2,000 GPM [ 0.3 - 125.0 L/ S] .
D e fla k e r spe e d:
Default : * 1,800* RPM.
Consist e n cy Air D r ie d:
Range: 1 - 10; Default : * 4* .
11-10
1 1 Cr ushe r s, M ills a nd St ock Tr e a t m e n t ( G6 )
1 2 D r yin g Syst e m s
( G6 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
Cryst allizers ( CRY)
Evaporat or s ( E)
Wiped Film Evaporat ors ( WFE)
Air Dryers ( AD)
Dryers ( D)
Drum Dryers ( DD)
Rot ar y Dryers ( RD)
Tray Drying Syst em s ( TDS)
1 2 D r yin g Syst e m s ( G6 )
12-1
Cr yst a llize r s ( CRY)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Bat ch vacuum cryst allizer unit for sm all scale
product ion of cryst als. I ncludes cone bot t om agit at ed
t ank, st eam j et ej ect ors and direct cont act condenser
t o 8200 GALLONS [ 25.8 M3] .
BATCH VAC
Energy requirem ent s are lower for a bat ch vacuum
unit t han for a cont inuous vacuum unit , however, for
t he sam e capacit y, bat ch unit s m ust be larger t han
cont inuous unit s and are t herefore m ore expensive.
A warm sat urat ed solut ion is fed t o a cone bot t om
t ank. The pressure in t he t ank is t hen reduced using
st ream - j et s. The solut ion flashes and t he flashed
solvent is condensed in a direct cont act condenser.
The non- condensables which pass t hrough t he direct
cont act condenser are vent ed t o t he at m osphere by
t he st eam - j et equipm ent . While t he solut ion is
flashing, agit at ors in t he cryst allizer keep t he form ing
cryst als in t he suspension and keep t he cont ent s of t he
t ank at a uniform concent rat ion. When t he
supersat urat ion of t he flashed solut ion has been
rem oved ( by t he form at ion of t he cryst als) , t he t ank is
em pt ied.
M a t e r ia l:
* CS* .
CS- Carbon st eel
RBLCS- Rubber- lined CS
SS304- SS304
Liquid volum e :
Ra nge :
850 - 8,200 GALLONS [ 2.7 - 25.8 M3] .
Mechanical scraped- surface cryst allizer, j acket ed,
spiral ribbon scraper, t rough, st acked in lengt hs of 40
FEET [ 12 M] . I ncludes m ot or and drive.
M ECH AN I CAL
For t he relat ively sm all- scale product ion of cryst als
from a supersat urat ed solut ion. The scraped- surface is
used where a slight change in t he t em perat ure of a
solut ion m eans a large change in it s solubilit y. When
t he required rat e of heat rem oval is great er t hen
200,000 BTU/ HR, t he scraped surface cryst allizer is
usually not econom ical.
The scraped- surface cryst allizer consist s of a 24- inch
wide t rough wit h a sem i- circular bot t om , a cooling
j acket on t he out side and a spiral ribbon scraper/ m ixer
t he lengt h of t he t rough.
- Cont inued on next page -
12-2
1 2 D r yin g Syst e m s ( G6 )
Cr yst a llize r s ( CRY) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
M ECH AN I CAL - cont inued
Cryst als growing on t he walls off t he t rough are
scraped off and suspended in t he m ot her liquor. These
unit s are m anufact ured in lengt hs of 10 t o 40 FEET. I f
lengt hs great er t han 40 are required, t he unit s are
st acked one on t op of anot her and t he solut ion
cascades from one level t o t he next .
M a t e r ia l:
* CS* , CI
CS- Carbon st eel
CI - Cast iron
Le n gt h:
Range: 20 - 1,000 FEET [ 6.1 - 300 M]
M a t e r ia l:
SS ( St ainless st eel)
Le n gt h:
Range: 20 - 550 FEET [ 6.1 - 165 M]
Oslo growt h t ype cryst allizer t o 6,900 TPD [ 260
OSLO
TONH] . Large scale cryst al product ion. I ncludes
int erconnect ing piping, recirculat ing pum p and
accessories.
This piece of equipm ent , also called a growt h
cryst allizer or classified- suspension cryst allizer,
operat es in t he following m anner. The feed st ream
plus a recycle st ream of sat urat ed solut ion are
pum ped t hrough a heat exchanger and heat ed. The
solut ion ent ers a vaporizat ion cham ber and a port ion
of t he solvent is flashed, t hus cooling t he solut ion and
raising t he concent rat ion of t he solut e. This
supersat urat es t he solut ion. The supersat urat ed
solut ion is t hen fed t o t he bot t om of a suspension or
cryst allizing cham ber where it cont act s already form ed
cryst als. Through t he form at ion of new cryst als and
t he growt h of exist ing cryst als, t he supersat urat ion of
t he solut ion is rem oved. Addit ionally, as t he solut ion
m oves upward t hrough t he suspension cham ber, t he
sm all cryst als are carried upward while t he large
cryst als set t le t o t he bot t om , t hus classifying t he
cryst als by size. The large cryst als are rem oved from
t he bot t om of t he suspension cham ber while t he
solut ion, no longer sat urat ed, is m ixed wit h fresh feed,
fed t o t he heat exchanger, and t he event s described
above are repeat ed.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Cr yst a lliz e r r a t e :
Max: 6,900 TPD [ 260 TON/ H]
1 2 D r yin g Syst e m s ( G6 )
12-3
Eva por a t or s ( E)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Agit at ed falling film evaporat or t o 150 SF [ 13 M2]
includes m ot or and drive.
FALL FI LM
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * SS304*
SS304- SS304
SS316- SS316
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a :
Range: 4 - 150 SF [ 0.4 - 13 M2]
Forced circulat ion evaporat or t o 10000 SF [ 925 M2]
FORCED CI R
includes int erconnect ing piping, circulat ing pum ps and
drivers.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a :
Range: 100 - 10,000 SF [ 10 - 925 M2]
Tu be m a t e r ia l:
CS t ubes wit h CS shell, Cu. or Ni t ubes wit h CI shell.
CS- Carbon st eel
CU- Copper
NI - Nickel
M a t e r ia l:
CI ( Cast iron)
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a :
Range: 155 - 8,000 SF [ 14 - 740 M2]
Tu be m a t e r ia l:
CS t ubes wit h CS shell, Cu or Ni t ubes wit h CI shell.
CS- Carbon st eel
CU- Copper
NI - Nickel
Long t ube rising film evaporat or t o 35 SF [ 3.2 M2]
includes int erconnect ing piping.
LON G TUBE
M a t e r ia l:
SS st eel t ubes wit h SS shell.
H e a t t r a nsfe r Ar e a :
Range: 18 - 35 SF [ 1.7 - 3.2 M2]
12-4
1 2 D r yin g Syst e m s ( G6 )
Eva por a t or s ( E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Long t ube vert ical evaporat or t o 50000 SF [ 4640 M2]
variet y of t ube and shell m at erials.
LON G VERT
Karbat e t ubes wit h rubber- lined CS shell, CU t ubes
wit h ot her shell m at erials.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Sur fa ce a r e a :
Range: 400 - 50,000 SF [ 38 - 4,640 M2]
M a t e r ia l:
CI ( Cast iron)
Sur fa ce a r e a :
Range: 100 - 25,000 SF [ 10 - 2,320 M2]
M a t e r ia l:
CU
Sur fa ce a r e a :
Range: 200 - 3,000 [ 19 - 275 M2]
M a t e r ia l:
RBLCS
Sur fa ce a r e a :
Range: 100 - 2,700 SF [ 10 - 250 M2]
St andard vert ical t ube evaporat or t o 7000 SF
[ 650 M2]
STAN D VERT
CS t ubes wit h CS shell, Cu t ubes wit h CI shell, Pb shell
wit h Pb- lined CS shell.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Sur fa ce a r e a :
Range: 100 - 6,000 SF [ 10 - 555 M2]
M a t e r ia l: CI ( Cast iron)
Sur fa ce a r e a :
Range: 100 - 6,000 SF [ 10 - 555 M2]
M a t e r ia l: PBLCS ( Lead- lined CS)
Sur fa ce a r e a :
Range: 200 - 7,000 SF [ 19 - 650 M2]
1 2 D r yin g Syst e m s ( G6 )
12-5
Eva por a t or s ( E) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
St andard horizont al t ube evaporat or t o 10000 SF [ 920 STAN D H OR
M2] .
CS t ubes wit h CS shell, Cu t ubes wit h CI shell.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Sur fa ce a r e a :
Range: 100 - 10,000 SF [ 10 - 920 M2]
M a t e r ia l:
CI ( Cast iron)
Sur fa ce a r e a :
Range: 100 - 6000 SF [ 10 - 555 M2]
12-6
1 2 D r yin g Syst e m s ( G6 )
W ipe d Film Eva por a t or s ( W FE)
Includes motor and drive.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Agit at ed t hin film evaporat or wit h explosion- proof
m ot or and drive.
TH I N
FI LM
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * SS316*
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a :
Range: 0.95 - 27 SF [ 0.1 - 2.5 M2]
Packaged syst em including condenser and st and.
W FE SYSTEM
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * SS316*
H e a t t r a nsfe r a r e a :
Range: 0.2 - 12 SF [ 0.02 - 1.1 M2]
1 2 D r yin g Syst e m s ( G6 )
12-7
Air D r ye r s ( AD )
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Dual t ower, desiccant t ype, for drying of air t o - 40
DEG F [ - 40 DEG C] dew point ; includes desiccant .
AI R D RYER
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Ga s flow r a t e :
Max: 50,000 CFM [ 84,900 M3/ H]
12-8
1 2 D r yin g Syst e m s ( G6 )
D r ye r s ( D )
I ncludes solid m at erials.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
At m ospheric t ray bat ch dryer.
ATM OS TRAY
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Tr a y a r e a :
Range: 30 - 200 SF [ 2.8 - 18.5 M2]
M a t e r ia l:
SS
Tr a y a r e a :
Range: 30 - 250 SF [ 2.8 - 23 M2]
Vacuum t ray bat ch dryer.
VAC TRAY
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
Tr a y a r e a :
Range: 40 - 200 SF [ 3.8 - 18.5 M2]
Agit at ed pan bat ch dryer for sensit ive m at erials.
I ncludes m ot or and drive.
PAN
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
304CD- CS clad wit h 304 SS
316CD- CS clad wit h 316 SS
Sur fa ce a r e a :
Range: 12 - 180 SF [ 1.1 - 16.7 M2]
D ia m e t e r :
Range: 3 - 10 FEET [ 0.9 - 3.0 M]
Pa n de pt h :
Range: 18 - 36 I NCHES [ 450 - 900 MM]
D r ive r pow e r :
Range: 3 - 40 HP [ 2.22 - 30 KW]
1 2 D r yin g Syst e m s ( G6 )
12-9
D r ye r s ( D ) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
SPRAY
Cont inuous spray drying syst em . I ncludes support s,
heat er, filt er, at om izer, fan, driver, inst rum ent at ion,
int erconnect ing piping, cyclone and accessories t o
9000 LB/ H [ 4080 KG/ H] evaporat ive capacit y ( wat er) .
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Eva por a t ion r a t e :
Range: 700 - 9,000 LB/ H [ 320 - 4,080 KG/ H]
12-10
1 2 D r yin g Syst e m s ( G6 )
D r u m D r ye r s ( D D )
I ncludes m ot or and drive.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Single at m ospheric drum dryer for drying of solids on
web m at erial.
on st eam - heat ed rot at ing drum .
SI N GLE ATM
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Tr a y a r e a :
Range: 10 - 200 SF [ 1 - 18 M2]
Double at m ospheric drum dryer for drying of solids on D OUBLE ATM
web m at erial on pair of st eam heat ed drum s.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Tr a y a r e a :
Range: 25 - 400 SF [ 2.4 - 35 M2]
Single vacuum rot ary drum dryer for drying of
sensit ive solids under vacuum .
SI N GLE VAC
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Tr a y a r e a :
Range: 10 - 200 SF [ 1 - 18 M2]
Rot ary drum cooker- cooler.
S COOKCOOL
Use t o blanch foods like past a or corn, cook foods like
m eat s or poult ry, or cool foods like bagged soup.
M a t e r ia l:
SS304, * SS316*
D r ye r dr um dia m e t e r :
MAX: 72 I NCHES [ 1,825 MM]
- Cont inued on next page -
1 2 D r yin g Syst e m s ( G6 )
12-11
D r u m D r ye r s ( D D ) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
S COOKCOOL - cont inued
Only 60 I NCH ( 1525 MM) and 72 I NCH ( 1825
MM) diam et ers are available.
Food flow rat e: MAX: 303,000 LB/ HR ( 137,437
KG/ HR) at default product densit y 50 LB/ CF ( 800
KG/ M3) . The m axim um capacit y any m odel can
handle depends upon t he pr oduct densit y, and is
t hus volum et r ic in nat ure; densit ies higher t han
t he default can realize capacit ies above 303,000
lb/ hr ( 137,437 KG/ HR) , while densit ies lower
t han t he default realize m axim um capacit ies
below 303,000 lb/ hr ( 137,437 KG/ HR) .
Cooler lengt h: MI N: 4 FEET [ 1.2M] for 60 I NCH
[ 1,525 MM] and 8 FEET [ 2.4 M] for 72 I NCH
[ 1,825 MM] drum dia., MAX: 16 FEET [ 4.8 M]
Product densit y: MI N: 50 PCF, MAX: 303,000 LB/
HR [ 137,437 KG/ HR] at product densit y 50 LB/ CF
( 800 KG/ M3) .
Cook t im e: I f drum diam et er is specified, default
cooking t im e is 1 MI NUTE, which is t he m inim um
allowable cooking t im e, and t herefore t he
cooking t im e t hat result s in t he m axim um
allowable capacit y. I f capacit y is specified, t he
default cooking t im e is com put ed based on t he
capacit y, cooker lengt h, and drum diam et er.
MI N: 1 MI NUTE, MAX: 12 MI NUTES.
D r ive r pow e r :
Default : based on drum diam et er, food capacit y
and cooker lengt h.
D r ive r t ype :
* WVRDC* - Washdown, VFD rat ed, direct drive,
CS
WVCDC- Washdown, VFD cont rolled, direct drive,
CS
12-12
1 2 D r yin g Syst e m s ( G6 )
Rot a r y D r ye r s ( RD )
I ncludes m ot or and drive unit .
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Direct cont act of hot gas wit h m oist solids wit h
m axim um surface area of 2000 SF [ 185 M2] .
D I RECT
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Sur fa ce a r e a :
Range: 100 - 2,000 SF [ 10 - 185 M2]
I ndirect cont act of hot gases wit h m oist solids wit h
m axim um surface area of 2000 SF[ 185 M2] .
I N D I RECT
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Sur fa ce a r e a :
100 - 2,000 SF [ 10 - 185 M2]
Jacket ed rot ary vacuum dryer wit h explosion- proof
m ot or.
Maxim um capacit y of 500 CF [ 14.1 M3] .
JAC VACUUM
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS316- SS316
Flow r a t e :
8 - 500 CF [ 0.25 - 14.1 M3]
Conical rot ary vacuum dryer wit h m axim um capacit y
of 400 CF.
[ 11.3 M3] .
VACUUM
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
Flow r a t e :
3 - 400 CF [ 0.1 - 11.3 M3]
1 2 D r yin g Syst e m s ( G6 )
12-13
Tr a y D r yin g Syst e m s ( TD S)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
At m ospheric t ray dryer wit h paint ed st eel cham ber.
ATM SYSTEM
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * SS316*
Tr a y su r fa ce a r e a :
Range: 80 - 300 SF [ 7.5 - 27.5 M2]
Bat ch t ray dryer wit h vacuum and no t rays.
VACUUM
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CI *
Tr a y su r fa ce a r e a :
Range: 20 - 75 SF [ 1.9 - 6.9 M2]
M a t e r ia l:
SS304
Tr a y su r fa ce a r e a :
Range: 20 - 80 SF [ 1.9 - 7.0 M2]
Turbo t ray drying syst em wit h auxiliaries except
heat ing syst em .
TURBO
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Tr a y su r fa ce a r e a :
Range: 60 - 20,000 SF [ 6 - 1,850 M2]
H e a t ing m e diu m :
Default : * blank*
H-AI R- Hot air
STEAM- St eam
blank- Ot her heat ing m edium
Bat ch t ray dryer wit h vacuum pum p and condenser.
VAC SYSTEM
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CI *
Tr a y Su r fa ce Ar e a :
Range: 13 - 70 SF [ 1.3 - 6.5 M2]
12-14
1 2 D r yin g Syst e m s ( G6 )
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g
( G1 0 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
Conveyors ( CO)
Definit ions and Sam ples of Conveyor Sect ion Types
Cranes ( CE)
Elevat ors, Lift s ( EL)
Feeders ( FE)
Hoist s ( HO)
Scales ( S)
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
13-1
Con ve yor s ( CO)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Open belt conveyor for t ransport ing solid m at erials
over long dist ances. Because t he belt m at erial is
reinforced rubber, m at erials at t em perat ures above
150 DEG F are norm ally not handled.
I ncludes grade- level support st eel, belt t ensioning
device, m ot ors and drives.
OPEN BELT
An endless m oving belt is used t o t ransport solids
eit her horizont ally or on an incline. The belt m ay be
flat , but is t ypically t roughed in order t o increase t he
carrying capacit y of t he belt .
Be lt W idt h:
Range: 18 - 120 I NCHES [ 450 - 3,000 MM]
Pr odu ct D e n sit y:
MAX: 20
0 PCF [ 3,200 KG/ M3] ;
Default : * 50* PCF [ * 800* KG/ M3]
D r ive r Pow e r pe r Se ct ion :
Driver power per sect ion if conveyor has m ult iple
sect ions.
- Cont inued on next page -
13-2
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
Con ve y or s ( CO) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
OPEN BELT - cont inued
Conve ye r Spe e d:
MI N: 20 FPM [ 370 M/ H]
Vert ical lift ( + ) or drop ( - ) : Difference in elevat ion
bet ween feed and discharge: lift ( posit ive) , drop
( negat ive) . Default : * 0.0* FEET [ * 0.0* M]
H e ight Gr a de Se ct ion:
Grade sect ion has t his uniform , nom inal height for
ent ire lengt h. Default : * 6* FEET [ * 2* M] .
Le n gt h Gr a de Se ct ion :
Default lengt h = conveyor lengt h, if lengt h of ot her
t wo sect ion t ype = 0.0.
H e igh t Slope Se ct ion :
Slope sect ion varies from grade sect ion height t o t his
designat ed height .
Le ngt h Slope Se ct ion:
Default lengt h = conveyor lengt h, if lengt h of ot her
t wo sect ion t ypes = 0.0.
H e ight Above Gr a de Se ct ion:
Above grade sect ion varies from slope sect ion height
t o t his designat ed height .
Le n gt h Above Gr a de Se ct ion :
Default lengt h = conveyor lengt h, if lengt h of ot her
t wo sect ion t ypes = 0.0.
Ca nt ile ve r Le ngt h:
Cant ilever lengt h m ay be specified only for t he end of
an elevat ed sect ion. Default : * 0.0* FEET [ * 0.0* M]
Tow e r Be nt Spa cing:
Tower ( bent ) spacing applies t o elevat ed sect ions only.
Default : * 80* FEET [ * 25* M]
Ga lle r y En closu r e :
Default : * NO GALLERY*
GALLERY- Gallery enclosure for conveyor and walks
NO GALLERY- No gallery enclosure
N u m be r of M ot or s:
Default : 1 per MI LE [ 1 per 1.6 KM]
N um be r of W a lk w a ys:
Default : 1 if no gallery, 2 if conveyor has gallery
enclosure.
W a lk w a y W idt h:
Default : 36 I NCHES [ 910 MM] if no gallery, 54 I NCHES
[ 1370 MM] if gallery enclosure.
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
13-3
Con ve y or s ( CO) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sam e as open belt conveyor but enclosed wit h
corrugat ed sheet
CLOSED
BLT
m et al canopy enclosing t he belt t o prot ect t he belt and
t he m at erials from t he elem ent s. Canopy is also used
t o cont rol dust when t ransport ing m at erial wit h fines.
Be lt W idt h:
Range: 18 - 120 I NCHES [ 450 - 3,000 MM]
Pr odu ct D e n sit y:
MAX: 200 PCF [ 3,200 KG/ M3] ;
Default : * 50* PCF [ * 800* KG/ M3]
D r ive r Pow e r pe r Se ct ion :
Driver power per sect ion if conveyor has m ult iple
sect ions.
Spe e d:
MI N: 20 FPM [ 370 M/ H]
Vert Lift ( + ) or drop ( - ) : Difference in elevat ion
bet ween feed and discharge: lift ( posit ive) , drop
( negat ive) . Default : 0.0 FEET [ 0.0 M] .
H e ight Gr a de Se ct ion:
Grade sect ion has t his uniform , nom inal height for
ent ire lengt h. Default : * 6* FEET [ * 2* M]
Le n gt h Gr a de Se ct ion :
Default lengt h = conveyor lengt h, if lengt h of ot her
t wo sect ion t ypes = 0.0.
H e igh t Slope Se ct ion :
Slope sect ion varies from grade sect ion height t o t his
designat ed height .
Le ngt h Slope Se ct ion:
Default lengt h = conveyor lengt h, if lengt h of ot her
t wo sect ion t ypes = 0.0.
H e ight Above Gr a de Se ct ion:
Above grade sect ion varies from slope sect ion height
t o t his designat ed height .
Le n gt h Above Gr a de Se ct ion :
Default lengt h = conveyor lengt h, if lengt h of ot her
t wo sect ion t ypes = 0.0.
Ca nt ile ve r Le ngt h:
Cant ilever lengt h m ay be specified only for t he end of
an elevat ed sect ion. Default : * 0.0* FEET [ * 0.0* M]
Tow e r Be n t Spa cin g:
Tower ( bent ) spacing applies t o elevat ed sect ions only.
Default : * 80* FEET [ * 25* M]
- Cont inued on next page -
13-4
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
Con ve y or s ( CO) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
CLOSED BLT - cont inued
Ga lle r y En closu r e :
Default : * NO GALLERY*
GALLERY- Gallery enclosure for conveyor and walks
NO GALLERY- No gallery enclosure
N u m be r of M ot or s:
Default : 1 per MI LE [ 1 per 1.6 KM]
N um be r of W a lk w a ys:
Default : 1 if no gallery, 2 if conveyor has gallery
enclosure.
W a lk w a y W idt h:
Default : 36 I NCHES [ 910 MM] if no gallery, 54 I NCHES
[ 1370 MM] if gallery enclosure.
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
13-5
D e fin it ion s a n d Sa m ple s of Con ve yor
Se ct ion Type s
Se ct ion 1 : A conveyor sect ion at uniform nom inal height ( H1 ) above grade. The
sect ion on “ post- t ype” legs and has a t ot al lengt h L1 .
Se ct ion 2 : A conveyor sect ion where height varies from t he nom inal grade height ( H1 )
t o som e elevat ion above grade ( H2 ) . The sect ion is support ed on “ bent s” or
“ t ower- t ype” support s and has a t ot al lengt h L2 .
Se ct ion 3 : A conveyor sect ion where height varies from one elevat ed height ( H2 ) t o a
second elevat ed height ( H3 ) . The sect ion is support ed on “ bent s” or “ t ower- t ype”
support s and has a t ot al lengt h L3 .
Sa m ple s of Com bine d Se ct ions
Se ct ions 1 , 2 a n d 3
13-6
Se ct ion 1 a n d 3
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
Con ve y or s ( CO) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Apron t o 50 FEET [ 15 M] includes m ot or and drive,
open pans m ount ed bet ween endless chains, not
enclosed ( open) , and floor- m ount ed support st eel.
Type
APRON
The apron conveyor is suit able for conveying coarse
solids. The open apron conveyor is lim it ed t o m at erial
t em perat ures less t han 600 DEG F.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Conve ye r Le ngt h:
Range: 7 - 50 FEET [ 2.2 - 15 M]
Conve ye r W idt h:
Range: 18 - 54 I NCHES [ 450 - 1,350 MM]
Conve ye r Flow Ra t e :
Range: 20 - 200 TPH [ 18.5 - 142 TON/ H]
D r ive r Pow e r :
Range: 2 - 20 HP [ 1.5 - 15 KW]
Pr odu ct D e n sit y:
MAX: 200 PCF [ 3,200 KG/ M3] ;
Default : * 50* PCF [ * 800* KG/ M3]
Pneum at ic conveying syst em for m oving granular
m at erials horizont ally and vert ically t o areas t hat are
eit her far away or ot herwise hard t o reach
econom ically wit h m echanical conveyors. I ncludes
TEFC m ot or, blower, base, coupling, check valve,
inst rum ent at ion and filt er piping.
PN EUM ATI C
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
AL- Alum inum
Conve ye r Le ngt h:
Range: 100 - 1,200 FEET [ 30 - 360 M]
Tu be D ia m e t e r :
Range: 3 - 4 I NCHES [ 75 - 100 MM]
Conve ye r Flow Ra t e :
Range: 2 - 15 TPH [ 2 - 13 TON/ H]
Pr odu ct D e n sit y:
Range: 20 - 60 PCF [ 325 - 960 KG/ M3] ;
Default : * 50* PCF [ * 800* KG/ M3]
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
13-7
Con ve y or s ( CO) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Roller conveyor for m oving firm flat- bot t om ed unit
loads, ( e.g., drum s, pallet s and boxes) . I nclines or
declines should not be m ore t han 5o. Especially
suit able for conveying unit loads in a curved pat h.
Rollers support ed in fram e.
ROLLER
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Conve ye r Le ngt h:
Range: 4 - 25 FEET [ 1.3 - 7.5 M]
Conve ye r W idt h:
Range: 12 - 20 I NCHES [ 300 - 500 MM]
Rolle r Spa cin g:
Range: 3 - 4 I NCHES [ 75 - 100 MM]
Screw conveyor for conveying granular or fine solids SCREW
horizont ally or up an incline. Screw conveyor capacit y,
however, decreases rapidly as t he angle of incline
increases. I ncludes m ot or, drive and helical screw in
U- shaped t rough.
The crew conveyor consist s of a helical screw inside
an enclosed U- shaped t rough. As t he screw rot at es,
t he m at erial is m oved forward. Screw conveyors are
inexpensive, easy t o m aint ain and can easily be m ade
dust- t ight .
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS305- SS305
SS316- SS316
Conve ye r Le ngt h:
Range: 10 - 1,000 FEET [ 3.1 - 300 M]
Scr e w D ia m e t e r :
Range: 6 - 24 I NCHES [ 155 - 600 MM]
Pr odu ct D e n sit y:
MAX: 100 PCF [ 1,600 KG/ M2]
Vibrat ing conveyor for m oving granular m at erials
horizont ally or on slight incline. I ncludes m ot or and
drive, carrying t rough, support base and drive
springs.
VI BRATI N G
The m at erial being t ransport ed should have a high
frict ion fact or on st eel as well as a high int ernal
frict ion fact or. Mat erial m ust be dense so t hat air
resist ance will not ret ard t he flight of t he solid part icle
as it is t hrown forward, and t he m at erial should not
aerat e.
- Cont inued on next page -
13-8
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
Con ve y or s ( CO) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
VI BRATI N G - cont inued
Friable m at erials can be handled because t he
m ovem ent of t he m at erial is gent le. The conveyor can
be m ade dust- t ight and m at erials of const ruct ion m ay
be used t o allow t he handling of m at erials at
t em perat ures up t o 2000 DEG F.
A vibrat ing conveyor consist s of a carrying t rough,
support ing base, drive springs and a drive syst em . The
drive syst em and springs im part an oscillat ing m ot ion
t o t he t rough which causes t he m at erial t o m ove
forward in a hopping m ot ion.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Pa n W idt h :
Range: 12- 36 I NCHES [ 300 - 900 MM]
Spaced bucket cent rifugal discharge elevat or includes
m ot or, drive and bucket cont ent s discharged by
cent rifugal m ot ion.
CEN T BKT L
For t he vert ical lift ing of free- flowing fine or sm all lum p
m at erials such as coal, sand and dry chem icals. This
elevat or should not be used for m at erials t hat are
degraded by breakage or for fluffy m at erials.
This equipm ent it em consist s of evenly spaced bucket s
at t ached t o an endless belt or chain enclosed in a
support ing casing. This is called a cent rifugal
discharge elevat or because t he cont ent s of t he
bucket s are t hrown int o t he discharge chut e by
cent rifugal force as t he bucket rounds t he head shaft .
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Conve ye r Le ngt h:
Range: 12 - 120 FEET [ 4 - 36 M]
Buck e t W idt h:
Range: 6 - 16 I NCHES [ 150 - 400 MM]
Conve ye r Flow Ra t e :
Range: 16 - 156 TPH [ 14.5 - 141 TON/ H]
Pr odu ct D e n sit y:
MAX: 100 PCF [ 1,600 KG/ M3] ;
Default : * 50* PCF [ * 800* KG/ M3]
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
13-9
Con ve y or s ( CO) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Cont inuous bucket elevat or, bucket s closely spaced
wit h back of preceding bucket serving as gravit y
discharge chut e for dum ping bucket . I ncludes m ot or
and drive.
CON T BKT L
The slower speed and gent ler discharge m ake t his
t ype of elevat or m ore suit able for m at erials which are
degraded t hrough breakage, and for fluffy m at erials.
This equipm ent it em is t he sam e as t he spaced bucket
cent rifugal discharge elevat or except bucket s are
closely spaced wit h t he back of t he preceding bucket
serving as a discharge chut e for t he bucket wit h is
dum ping as it rounds t he head shaft . Close bucket
spacing allows t he sam e capacit y t o be achieved as
slower elevat or speeds.
Thus, bucket discharge is by gravit y rat her t han
cent rifugal force.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Conve ye r Le ngt h:
Range: 12 - 100 FEET [ 4 - 36 M]
Buck e t D e pt h:
Range: 8 - 24 I NCHES [ 200 - 600 MM]
Conve ye r Flow Ra t e :
Range: 40 - 216 TPH [ 36 - 195 TON/ H]
Pr odu ct D e n sit y:
MAX: 100 PCF [ 1,600 KG/ M3] ;
Default : * 50* PCF [ * 800* KG/ M3]
Sanit ary horizont al conveyor
S BELTCON V
M a t e r ia l:
* SS304* , SS316
Conve ye r le ngt h:
Range: 6 - 20 FEET [ 1.8 - 6 M]
Be lt w idt h: Available sizes:
18 I NCH [ 450 MM]
24 I NCH [ 600 MM]
30 I NCH [ 750 MM]
36 I NCH [ 900 MM]
Conve ye r t ype :
* I NSPC* - I nspect ion t ype conveyor
BI DI R- bi- direct ional t ype ( reversing belt conveyor)
D r ive r pow e r : Default * 1* HP
D r ive r t ype :
* WVRDC* - Washdown, VFD rat ed, direct drive, CS
WVCDC- Washdown, VFD cont rolled, direct drive, CS
13-10
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
Con ve y or s ( CO) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sanit ary vert ical conveyor
S VERTI CAL
M a t e r ia l:
* SS304* , SS316
Vert ical lift ( + ) or drop ( + ) : MI N: - 40 FEET [ - 12.2 M] ;
MAX: 40 FEET [ 12.2 M] Difference in elevat ion
bet ween feed and discharge: lift ( posit ive) , drop
( negat ive)
Be lt w idt h: Available sizes:
18 I NCH [ 450 MM]
24 I NCH [ 600 MM]
30 I NCH [ 750 MM]
36 I NCH [ 900 MM]
Le ngt h of le a d- in se ct ion:
Default and MI N: * 2* FEET [ .6 M]
Lengt h of t he conveyor at feed end before lift or drop
Lengt h of lead- out sect ion: Default and MI N: * 2* FEET
[ .6 M]
Lengt h of t he conveyor at discharge end before lift or
drop
D r ive r pow e r :
Default * 1* HP
D r ive r t ype :
* WVRDC* - Washdown, VFD rat ed, direct drive, CS
WVCDC- Washdown, VFD cont rolled, direct drive, CS
Sanit ary vibrat ory conveyor
S VI BRATRY
M a t e r ia l:
* SS304* , SS316
Conve ye r le ngt h:
Range: 6 - 40 FEET [ 1.8 - 12.2M]
Be lt w idt h: Available sizes:
18 I NCH [ 450 MM]
24 I NCH [ 600 MM]
30 I NCH [ 750 MM]
36 I NCH [ 900 MM]
Be lt suppor t :
* NONE* - No belt support will be provided
BSUP- Belt support will be provided
- Cont inued on next page -
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
13-11
Con ve y or s ( CO) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
S VI BRATRY - cont inued
Driver power: Default * 1* HP
Driver t ype:
* WVRDC* - Washdown, VFD rat ed, direct drive, CS
WVCDC- Washdown, VFD cont rolled, direct drive, CS
Num ber of lane dividers: Default * 0* ; MAX: 2
Dewat ering screen:
* NONE* - De- wat ering screen pair not included
DWAT- De- wat ering screen pair included
Pneum at ic gat e:
* NONE* - Full- widt h pneum at ic screen not included
PNUM- Full- widt h pneum at ic screen included
Discharge t ype:
* NONE* - No discharge exist s
DROP- Drop- out t ype discharge
BI AS- Bias t ype discharge
Sanit ary incline conveyor
S I N CLI N E
Mat erial: * SS304* , SS316
Lengt h of incline sect ion: MI N: 2 FEET [ .600 M] ;
MAX: 40 FEET [ 12.2 M]
Belt widt h:
Available sizes:
18 I NCH [ 450 MM]
24 I NCH [ 600 MM]
30 I NCH [ 750 MM]
36 I NCH [ 900 MM]
Lengt h of lead- in sect ion: Default and MI N: * 2* FEET
[ .6 M]
Lengt h of t he conveyor at feed end before lift or drop
Lengt h of lead- out sect ion: Default and MI N: * 2* FEET
[ .6 M]
Lengt h of t he conveyor at discharge end before lift or
drop
Driver power: Default * 1* HP
Driver t ype:
* WVRDC* - Washdown, VFD rat ed, direct drive, CS
WVCDC- Washdown, VFD cont rolled, direct drive, CS
13-12
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
Cr a n e s ( CE)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
BRI D GE CRN
Travelling bridge crane includes t rolley, hoist s,
bridge, bridge rail, end t rucks and drivers; not
included are building crane support s or t ravelling
rails ( see Plant Bulk — St eel - Mill Building) t o
200 TONS [ 175 TON] .
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Cr a n e Ca pa cit y:
Range: 5 - 200 TONS [ 5 - 175 TON]
I ncludes hoist t rolley and t rack beam t o 30 TONS H OI ST
[ 25 TON] .
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Cr a n e Ca pa cit y:
Range: 0.5 - 30 TONS [ 0.5 - 25 TON]
Ele va t or s, Lift s ( EL)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Freight elevat or for lift ing personnel, equipm ent and
supplies in process buildings and open st eel
st ruct ures. Capacit y t o 10 TONS [ 10 TON] and 200
FEET [ 60 M] lift . I ncludes geared m ot or drive at 150
FPM [ 2750 M/ H] .
FREI GHT
Ele va t or Ca pa cit y:
Range: 2 - 10 TONS [ 2 - 10 TON]
H e igh t :
Range: 20 - 200 FEET [ 7 - 60 M]
Elevat or for lift ing personnel and sm all t ools in process PASSEN GER
buildings and open st eel st ruct ures. Capacit y t o 5
TONS [ 5 TON] and 200 FEET [ 60 M] lift . I ncludes
geared variable st age drive at 2 00 FPM [ 3650 M/ H] .
Ele va t or Ca pa cit y:
Range: 1 - 5 TONS [ 1 - 5 TON]
H e igh t :
Range: 20 - 200 FEET [ 7 - 60 M]
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
13-13
Fe e de r s ( FE)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Volum et ric belt feeder t o 4800 CFH [ 135 M3/ H] .
I ncludes m ot or and drive.
BELT
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Fe e de r Ra t e :
Range: 120 - 4,800 CFH [ 3.5 - 135 M3/ H]
Bin act ivat or.
BI N ACTVTR
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
D ia m e t e r :
Range: 3 - 15 FEET [ 1.0 - 4.5 M]
Rot ary vane feeder wit h diam et er t o 36 I NCHES [ 900
MM] . I ncludes m ot or and drive.
ROTARY
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
Rot a r y Fe e de r D ia m e t e r :
Range: 3 - 36 I NCHES [ 80 - 900 MM]
The m odel assum es 40 LBS/ CF for capacit y
relat ed calculat ions.
The m odel also assum es t hat each diam et er unit
has a m axim um volum et ric capacit y. For
exam ple, a 4 I NCH diam et er has 0.013 CF/ rev
and a 20 I NCH diam et er has 2.7 CF/ rev.
Th e m ode l ca lcu la t ion s h a n dle t h e follow in g
t w o ca se s:
I f Rat e ( LBS/ H) and RPM are not specified t hen:
For Dia < = 20, RPM= 45
For Dia > 20, RPM= 30
Assu m e 5 0 % fill, so Ra t e is:
CF/ Rev* RPM* 0.5* ( 40 LBS/ CF) * ( 60 Min/ Hr)
I f Ra t e is spe cifie d t h e n :
RPM = Rat e/ ( 40 LBS/ CF) / ( CF/ rev) / ( 60 Min/ Hr)
Horsepower is est im at ed fr om diam et er. For
exam ple, a 3 I NCH diam et er has 0.333 HP and a
30 I NCH diam et er has 5.0 HP.
13-14
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
Fe e de r s ( FE) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Vibrat ing feeder.
VI BRATI N G
( includes hopper)
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
Le n gt h:
Range: 5 - 14 FEET [ 1.6 - 4.2 M]
Fe e de r W idt h:
Range: 12 - 72 I NCHES [ 3.5 - 1,800 MM]
Loss- in- weight . Gravim et ric weigh belt for free- flowing W T LOSS
feeding/ proport ioning of solids. I ncludes m ot or and
variable speed drive.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Flow Ra t e :
Range: 5 - 2,400 LB/ H [ 2.3 - 1,085 KG/ H]
D UM PER
Sanit ary dum per.
Lift s vat s, com bos, and t ubs. Heavy dut y st ainless
st eel const ruct ion is non- corrosive t o wit hst and rigors
of daily washdown. Mat erial of const ruct ion is SS316.
D um p he ight :
MI N: 3 FEET [ 0.914 M] ; MAX: 17 FEET [ 5.18 M] for
I NLI N lift , 14 FEET [ 4.26 M] for OFF lift .
Cont a ine r t ype :
* 55GD* - 55 GALLON [ 0.2 M3] drum
140GD- 140 GALLON [ 0.5 M3] drum
CTOTE- Corrugat ed t ot e
WOODC- Wood crat e
3642B- SS bin 36 x 42 I NCHES [ 914 x 1066 MM]
4242B- SS bin 42 x 42 I NCHES [ 1066 x 1066 MM]
4842B- SS bin 48 x 42 I NCHES [ 1219 x 1066 MM]
3654B- SS bin 36 x 54 I NCHES [ 914 x 1372 MM]
4254B- SS bin 42 x 54 I NCHES [ 1066 x 1372 MM]
4854B- SS bin 48 x 54 I NCHES [ 1219 x 1372 MM]
FBOX- Fiber box 18 x 18 x 36 I NCHES [ 457 x 457 x
914 MM]
- Cont inued on next page -
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
13-15
Fe e de r s ( FE) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
D UM PER - cont inued
Lift t ype :
* I NLI N* - I nline hydraulic lift
OFF- Offset elect ric lift
Re t a in e r h old dow n :
* MAN* - Manual m echanism
AUTO- Aut om at ic m echanism
AUTOB- Aut om at ic m echanism and hydraulic box
ret ainer
H ydr a u lic pow e r pa ck :
* NONE* - Ext ernal hydraulic power pack
I NCL- Self- cont ained hydraulic power pack
Sanit ary bulk bag unloader
SACK D UM P
Sa ck size :
* 1,500 LBS [ 681 KG] , MAX: 4,000 LBS [ 1,814 KG]
D ischa r ge t ype :
* GRAV* - Gravit y discharge
SCREW- Flexible screw conveyor
Cont r ol t ype :
* MAN* - Manual cont rol
LI W- Loss- in- weight cont rol
Fr a m e loa din g t ype :
* FORK* - Fork lift loading
HOI ST- Elect ric hoist and t rolley
Sanit ary screw feeder
SAN SCREW
I ncludes a hopper wit h a screw feeder t o convey dry,
fine, or wet solids. The screw feeder is cont rolled as
specified by t he user. Mat erial of const ruct ion is
SS316.
Flow r a t e :
Ent er m ass rat e/ vol. rat e
MAX: 5600LB/ H [ 2540KG/ H] at 35PCF[ 560KG/ M3] DRY- VOL
Volum e t r ic r a t e :
Ent er m ass rat e or vol. rat e; MAX varies wit h densit y,
product and cont rol t ype.
MAX: 160 CFH [ 4.5 M3/ H]
- Cont inued on next page -
13-16
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
Fe e de r s ( FE) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
SAN SCREW - cont inued
Pr odu ct de n sit y:
* 35 | PCF [ 560 | KG/ M3]
Pr odu ct t ype :
* FI NE* - Fine powders only
DRY- Dry part iculat es; fine, coarse powders
WET- Wet , dry part iculat es; fine, coarse
powder
Cont r ol t ype :
* VOL* - Volum et ric cont rol
LI W- Loss- in- weight cont rol
Ex t e nde d a uge r le ngt h:
* 12 | I NCHES [ 304 MM] * , MI N: 12 | I NCHES
[ 304 MM]
En closu r e t ype :
* WASH* - Washdown enclosure
EXPR- Explosion- proof enclosure
Sanit ary weigh belt feeder
SAN BELT
Provides flow cont rol for food and ot her solid
m at erials not requiring t ot al m at erial
cont ainm ent . Mat erial of const ruct ion is SS316.
Flow Ra t e :
MAX: 90,000 LB/ H [ 40,800 KG/ H]
Required: ent er rat e or widt h.
Fe e de r W idt h:
Two available widt hs: 12 I NCHES [ 300 MM] , 24
I NCHES [ 600 MM] . Required: ent er rat e or
widt h.
En closu r e t ype :
* CLOSE* - Closed fram e unit
OPEN- Open fram e unit
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
13-17
H oist s ( H O)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
5- speed elect ric hoist wit h m ot or driven t rolley. The
H OI ST
t rolley suspends t he hoist from an I - beam . The hoist is
propelled along t he I - beam by t he m ot or driven
t rolley. An elect ric hoist used for repet it ive or
high- speed lift ing.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
H oist Ca pa cit y:
Range: 1 - 12 TONS
[ 1 - 10 TON]
Single speed elect ric hoist , no t rolley. Used for
repet it ive or high- speed lift ing.
1 SPEED
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
H oist Ca pa cit y:
Range: 1 - 14 TONS
[ 1 - 12 TON]
5- speed elect ric hoist , no t rolley. Used for repet it ive or 5 SPEED
high- speed lift ing.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
H oist Ca pa cit y:
Range: 1 - 13 TONS
[ 1 - 11 TON]
Hand hoist , geared m anual pull- chain driven t rolley.
H AN D GT
For int erm it t ent service, especially m aint enance work.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
H oist Ca pa cit y:
Range: 1 - 12 TONS [ 1 - 10 TON]
Hand hoist , m anually- pulled t rolley. The hoist is
m oved t o a new posit ion on t he I - beam by m anually
pulling t he t rolley. For int erm it t ent service, especially
for m aint enance work.
H AN D PT
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
H oist Ca pa cit y:
Range: 1 - 12 TONS
[ 1 - 10 TON]
13-18
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
H oist s ( H O) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Hand hoist , no t rolley. The hand hoist wit hout t rolley is H AN D N T
a port able lift ing device which is suspended from a
hook and operat ed by a hand chain. For int erm it t ent
service, especially for erect ion and m aint enance work.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Ca pa cit y:
Range: 1 - 18 TONS [ 1 - 16 TON]
Beam scale t o 2000 LBS [ 900 KG] .
BEAM SCALE
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Sca le Ca pa cit y:
Range: 300 - 2,000 LBS [ 135 - 900 KG]
Conveyor belt scale.
BELT
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Be lt W idt h:
Range: 18 - 72 I NCHES [ 450 - 1,800 MM]
Bench, dial, and beam t o 3000 LBS [ 1350 KG] .
BEN CH
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Sca le Ca pa cit y:
MAX: 3,000 LBS [ 1,350 KG]
Floor, dial, and beam full fram e t o 8000 LBS [ 3600
KG] .
FULL FRAM E
Floor, dial, and beam full fram e t o 8000 LBS [ 3600
KG] .
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Sca le Ca pa cit y:
MAX: 8,000 LBS [ 3,600 KG]
Floor, dial, and beam sem i- fram e t o 8000 LBS [ 3600
KG] .
SEM I FRAM E
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Sca le Ca pa cit y:
MAX: 8,000 LBS [ 3,600 KG]
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
13-19
H oist s ( H O) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Tank scale, weigh bridge and saddles 150000 LBS
[ 68000 KG] .
TAN K SCALE
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Sca le Ca pa cit y:
Range: 10,000 - 150,000 LBS [ 4,500 - 68,000 KG]
Track scale, for weighing rail cars t o 300 TONS [ 265
TON] .
TRACK
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
W e ight Ca pa cit y in Tons:
Range: 150 - 300 TONS [ 130 - 265 TON]
Truck scale, for weighing t rucks/ lorries t o 60 TONS
[ 54 TON] .
TRUCK
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
W e ight Ca pa cit y in Tons:
Range: 30 - 60 TONS [ 25 - 54 TON]
Sanit ary floor scale - flush m ount ed
SAN FLOOR
The sanit ary floor scale is a deck provided in a
fram e, locat ed inside a sm all pit so t hat t he t op
of t he scale is flush wit h t he floor. Weigh cells
and inst rum ent at ion in t he fram e m easure t he
weight and display it on a nearby local panel.
Mat erial of const ruct ion is st ainless st eel.
Sca le Ca pa cit y:
MAX: 10,000 LBS [ 4,500 KG]
Pla t for m Size :
3X3- 3x3 FEET [ 0.9x0.9 M]
4X4- 4X4 FEET [ 1.2x1.2 M]
4X5- 4x5 FEET [ 1.2x1.5 M]
4X6- 4x6 FEET [ 1.2x1.8 M]
5X5- 5x5 FEET [ 1.5x1.5 M]
5X7- 5x7 FEET [ 1.5x2.1 M]
plat form
plat form
plat form
plat form
plat form
plat form
- Cont inued on next page -
13-20
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
H oist s ( H O) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
SAN FLOOR - cont inued
Loca l digit a l in dica t or :
* I NCL* - I ncludes logical digit al indicat or
NONE- Rem ot e indicat or only
D e ck sur fa ce :
* PLAI N* - Glass bead sandbase
TREAD- Tread plat e
D e ck lift :
* AUTO* - Aut om at ic deck lift
NONE- No deck lift
Floor inst a lla t ion :
* NEW* - No floor alt erat ion necessary
EXI ST- Alt er t he exist ing floor
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
13-21
Sca le s ( S)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Beam scale t o 2000 LBS [ 900 KG] .
BEAM SCALE
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Sca le Ca pa cit y:
Range: 300 - 2,000 LBS [ 135 - 900 KG]
Conveyor belt scale.
BELT
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Be lt W idt h:
Range: 18 - 72 I NCHES [ 450 - 1,800 MM]
Bench, dial, and beam t o 3000 LBS [ 1350 KG] .
BEN CH
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Sca le Ca pa cit y:
MAX: 3,000 LBS [ 1,350 KG]
Floor, dial, and beam full fram e t o 8000 LBS [ 3600
KG] .
FULL FRAM E
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Sca le Ca pa cit y:
MAX: 8,000 LBS [ 3,600 KG]
Floor, dial, and beam sem i- fram e t o 8000 LBS [ 3600
KG] .
SEM I FRAM E
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Sca le Ca pa cit y:
MAX: 8,000 LBS [ 3,600 KG]
Tank scale, weigh bridge and saddles 150000 LBS
[ 68000 KG] .
TAN K SCALE
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Sca le Ca pa cit y:
Range: 10,000 - 150,000 LBS [ 4,500 - 68,000 KG]
13-22
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
Sca le s ( S) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Track scale, for weighing rail cars t o 300 TONS [ 265
TON] .
TRACK
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
W e ight Ca pa cit y in Tons:
Range: 150 - 300 TONS [ 130 - 265 TON]
Truck scale, for weighing t rucks/ lorries t o 60 TONS [ 54 TRUCK
TON] .
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
W e ight Ca pa cit y in Tons:
Range: 30 - 60 TONS [ 25 - 54 TON]
Sanit ary floor scale - flush m ount ed
SAN FLOOR
The sanit ary floor scale is a deck provided in a fram e,
locat ed inside a sm all pit so t hat t he t op of t he scale is
flush wit h t he floor. Weigh cells and inst rum ent at ion in
t he fram e m easure t he weight and display it on a
nearby local panel.
Mat erial of const ruct ion is st ainless st eel.
Sca le Ca pa cit y: MAX: 10,000 LBS [ 4,500 KG]
Plat form Size:
3X3 - 3x3 FEET [ 0.9x0.9 M] plat form
4X4 - 4X4 FEET [ 1.2x1.2 M] plat form
4X5 - 4x5 FEET [ 1.2x1.5 M] plat form
4X6 - 4x6 FEET [ 1.2x1.8 M] plat form
5X5 - 5x5 FEET [ 1.5x1.5 M] plat form
5X7 - 5x7 FEET [ 1.5x2.1 M] plat form
Local digit al indicat or:
* I NCL* - I ncludes logical digit al indicat or
NONE - Rem ot e indicat or only
Deck surface:
* PLAI N* - Glass bead sandblast ed
TREAD - Tread plat e
Deck lift :
* AUTO* - Aut om at ic deck lift
NONE
- No deck lift
Floor inst allat ion:
* NEW* - No floor alt erat ion necessary
EXI ST - Alt er t he exist ing floor
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
13-23
13-24
1 3 Solids Con ve yin g ( G1 0 )
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t
( G7 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
Cent r ifuges ( CT)
Dust Collect ors ( DC)
Filt ers ( F)
Separat ion Equipm ent ( SE)
Thickeners ( T)
Screens ( VS)
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
14-1
Ce n t r ifu ge s ( CT)
I ncludes m ot or and drive unit .
D e scr ipt ion
Type
At m ospheric suspended basket .
ATM SUSPEN
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
D r ive r Pow e r :
Range: 2 - 30 HP [ 1.5 - 22 KW]
Aut om at ic bat ch filt ering cent rifuge t o 60 I NCHES
[ 1520 MM] .
BATCH AUTO
M a t e r ia l: Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
RBLCS- Rubber- lined CS
SS316- SS316
HASTC- Hast elloy C
Ce n t r ifu ge dia m e t e r :
Range: 24 - 60 I NCHES [ 610 - 1,520 MM]
Ce n t r ifu ge ca pa cit y:
Range: 3 - 30 CF [ 0.085 - 0.84 M3]
14-2
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
Ce n t r ifuge s ( CT) - cont inued.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Bat ch bot t om - suspended filt ering cent rifuge wit h
diam et er t o 48 I NCHES [ 1210 MM] .
BATCH BOTM
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
RBLCS- Rubber- lined CS
Ce n t r ifu ge dia m e t e r :
Range: 20 - 48 I NCHES [ 510 - 1,210 MM]
Bat ch bot t om - driven cent rifuge, t op unloading,
explosion- proof m ot or wit h diam et er t o 56 I NCHES
[ 1420 MM] .
TOP UN LOAD
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
RBLCS- Rubber- lined carbon st eel
SS316- SS316
HASTC- Hast elloy C
Ce n t r ifu ge ca pa cit y:
Range: 2 - 20 CF [ 0.06 - 0.56 M3]
Ce n t r ifu ge dia m e t e r :
Range: 18 - 56 I NCHES [ 460 - 1,420 MM]
Bat ch bot t om - driven cent rifuge, bot t om unloading,
fixed speed hydraulic driver wit h diam et er t o 56
I NCHES [ 1420 MM] .
BOT UN LOAD
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * SS316*
Ce n t r ifu ge dia m e t e r :
Range: 12 - 56 I NCHES [ 305 - 1,420 MM]
Bat ch t op- suspended filt ering cent rifuge wit h diam et er BATCH TOP
t o 50 I NCHES [ 1260 MM] .
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
RBLCS- Rubber- lined carbon st eel
Ce n t r ifu ge dia m e t e r :
Range: 20 - 50 I NCHES [ 510 - 1,260 MM]
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
14-3
Ce n t r ifuge s ( CT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
High speed disk clarifier cent rifuge, st ack of rot at ing
conical disks t o short en sedim ent at ion pat h, bat ch
rem oval of solids and diam et er t o 20 I NCHES [ 500
MM] .
D I SK
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Ce n t r ifu ge dia m e t e r :
Range: 10 - 20 I NCHES [ 250 - 500 MM]
Reciprocat ing conveyor, wit h cont inuous filt ering
RECI P CON V
cent rifuge for free- draining granular solids, horizont al
bowl, rem oval by reciprocat ing pist on and diam et er t o
50 I NCHES [ 1250 MM] .
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Ce n t r ifu ge dia m e t e r :
Range: 15 - 50 I NCHES [ 375 - 1,250 MM]
M a t e r ia l:
SS ( St ainless st eel)
Ce n t r ifu ge dia m e t e r :
Range: 20 - 50 I NCHES [ 500 - 1,250 MM]
Scroll conveyor wit h cont inuous filt ering cent rifuge,
solids rem oval by scroll conveyor and diam et er t o 75
I NCHES [ 1875 MM] .
SCROLL CON
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Ce n t r ifu ge dia m e t e r :
Range: 15 - 75 I NCHES [ 375 - 1,875 MM
M a t e r ia l:
SS ( St ainless st eel)
Ce n t r ifu ge dia m e t e r :
Range: 15 - 50 I NCHES [ 375 - 1,250 MM]
Solid bowl wit h diam et er t o 54 I NCHES [ 1370 MM] .
SOLI D BOW L
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS316- SS316
Bow l dia m e t e r :
Range: 18 - 54 I NCHES [ 460 - 1,370 MM]
D ow l le n gt h :
Range: 28 - 132 I NCHES [ 720 - 3,350 MM]
14-4
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
Ce n t r ifuge s ( CT) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Screen bowl wit h diam et er t o 54 I NCHES [ 1370 MM] .
SCREEN BWL
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS316- SS316
Bow l dia m e t e r :
Range: 18 - 54 I NCHES [ 460 - 1,370 MM]
Bow l le ngt h:
Range: 28 - 132 I NCHES [ 720 - 3,350 MM]
High speed t ubular sedim ent at ion cent rifuge, bot t om TUBULAR
ent ry, bat ch solids rem oval and diam et er t o 6 I NCHES
[ 150 MM] .
The following rat es are shown t o assist in select ing t he
proper equipm ent it em , however, rat es out side t his
range m ay be input .
TPH = 110- 325, TON/ H = 91- 263.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Bow l dia m e t e r :
Range: 4 - 6 I NCHES [ 105 - 150 MM]
Cont inuous filt rat ion vibrat ory cent rifuge wit h solids
V I BRATORY
rem oval by vibrat ory screen for dewat ering of coarse
solids wit h screen diam et er t o 56 I NCHES [ 1420 MM] .
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Scr e e n dia m e t e r :
Range: 48 - 56 I NCHES [ 1,220 - 1,420 MM]
I nvert ing filt er cent rifuge.
I N VERTI N G
M a t e r ia l: Default : * SS316*
Ce n t r ifu ge dia m e t e r : Range: 12 - 52 I NCHES [ 305 1,320 MM]
Ce n t r ifu ge ca pa cit y: Range: 0.2 - 12 CF [ 0.0056 0.34 M3]
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
14-5
D u st Colle ct or s ( D C)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Cent rifugal precipit at or includes driver and
int erconnect ing piping wit h flow rat e t o 10,000 CFM
[ 16,990 M3] .
CEN TRF PRE
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Ga s flow r a t e :
Range: 500 - 10,000 CFM [ 850 - 16,990 M3/ H]
Clot h bay baghouse includes hopper bot t om , airlocks CLOTH BAY
and elect rical m ot or shakers. Clot h area t o 12,000 SF
[ 1,110 M2] .
Fabric filt ers are used for high efficiency 99+ % ,
cleaning of sm all part icles ( less t han one m icron) .
Fabric filt ers are an excellent choice where feed
condit ions m ay vary because efficiency is unaffect ed
by varying flowrat es, part iculat e loading, or part icle
size dist ribut ion. Baghouses are not a good choice if
t he gas cont ains free m oist ure or if condensat ion will
occur in t he baghouse. Baghouses are lim it ed t o a
m axim um t em perat ure of 550 DEG F.
Shaker t ype filt ers are generally used for:
• Low CFM
• Low part iculat e loading
• I nt erm it t ent operat ion.
Pulse t ype unit s are used for:
• Large CFM
• High part iculat e loading
• Cont inuous operat ion.
The “ clot h bay” dust collect or is com m only called a
baghouse or fabric filt er. Dust laden gas is duct ed int o
a rect angular ( sm all unit s m ay be cylindrical)
enclosure. The dirt y gas m ust pass t hrough clot h
t ubes or bags t o get out of t he baghouse. Baghouses
are charact erized by t he m et hod used t o clean t he
filt er bags. Two opt ions are available - shaker and
pulse t ype cleaning, which are a funct ion of t he air- t om edia rat io.
- Cont inued on next page -
14-6
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
D u st Colle ct or s ( D C) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
CLOTH BAY - cont inued
The air- t o- m edia rat io, also called t he air- t o- clot h
rat io, is t he CFM of gas passing t hrough one square
foot of filt er fabric. Shaker t ype baghouses are lim it ed
t o air- t o- m edia rat ios of less t han 4: 1. Dirt y gas flows
from t he inside t o t he out side of t he filt er bags in a
shaker t ype unit . I n order t o rem ove t he collect ed
dust , t he flow of dirt y gas is st opped and an elect ric
m ot or shakes t he bags.
Pulse t ype unit s have t heir filt er bags support ed over a
cylindrical wire cage and dirt y gas flows from t he
out side of t he bags t o t he inside. Pulse t ype unit s
operat e wit h air- t o- clot h rat ios from 4: 1 t o 15: 1. Filt er
bags are cleaned by inj ect ing a pulse of com pressed
air int o t he bags being cleaned. The pulse of air
expands t he bags violent ly and t hrows off t he dust
collect ed on t he bag’s out side surface. The pulse t ype
baghouse does not have t o be t aken off- line for
cleaning.
Wit h bot h t ypes of baghouse, t he dust is collect ed in
hopper bot t om s and rem oved t hrough an airlock.
The air- t o- m edia rat io, also called t he air- t o- clot h
rat io, is t he CFM of gas passing t hrough one square
foot of filt er fabric. Shaker t ype baghouses are lim it ed
t o air- t o- m edia rat ios of less t han 4: 1. Dirt y gas flows
from t he inside t o t he out side of t he filt er bags in a
shaker t ype unit . I n order t o rem ove t he collect ed
dust , t he flow of dirt y gas is st opped and an elect ric
m ot or shakes t he bags.
Pulse t ype unit s have t heir filt er bags support ed over a
cylindrical wire cage and dirt y gas flows from t he
out side of t he bags t o t he inside. Pulse t ype unit s
operat e wit h air- t o- clot h rat ios from 4: 1 t o 15: 1. Filt er
bags are cleaned by inj ect ing a pulse of com pressed
air int o t he bags being cleaned. The pulse of air
expands t he bags violent ly and t hrows off t he dust
collect ed on t he bag’s out side surface. The pulse t ype
baghouse does not have t o be t aken off- line for
cleaning.
Wit h bot h t ypes of baghouse, t he dust is collect ed in
hopper bot t om s and rem oved t hrough an airlock.
- Cont inued on next page -
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
14-7
D u st Colle ct or s ( D C) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
CLOTH BAY - cont inued
Today, m ost filt er bags are m anufact ured from
synt het ic fibers. The m at erials in m ost com m on use
are acrylics, nylon 6, nylon 66, “ nom ex” nylon,
“ Teflon,” polypropylene and polyest ers ( e.g.,
“ dacron” ) . The baghouses in t he syst em have
polyest er bags. Polyest er has m oderat e all- around
chem ical resist ance and good st rengt h and abrasion
resist ance. Polyest er m ay be used at a m inim um
cont inuous service t em perat ure of 300 DEG F.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Sur fa ce Ar e a :
Range: 100 - 12,000 SF [ 10 - 1,110 M2]
Flow r a t e :
Ent er surface area, flow rat e, or boiler capacit y ( coalfired boiler aplx. only)
Air / m e dia r a t io:
Range: 1 - 4 CFM/ SF [ 19 - 70 M2/ H/ M2]
Air t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
Boile r ca pa cit y:
Max: 3,400 MMBTU/ H [ 1,000 MEGAW]
Baghouse wit h inj ect ed pulsed air Com pressor for air
pulse inj ect ion not included.
PULSE SH KR
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Sur fa ce Ar e a :
Range: 100 - 6,000 SF [ 10 - 557 M2]
Flow Ra t e :
Max: 250,000 CFM [ 420,000 M3/ H]
Air / m e dia r a t io:
Range: 5 - 15 CFM/ SF [ 91 - 270 M3/ H/ M2]
Air t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
Boile r ca pa cit y:
Max: 200 MMBTU/ H [ 60 MEGAW]
14-8
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
D u st Colle ct or s ( D C) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Cyclone for gas/ solid separat ion. Diam et er t o 60 CYCLON E
I NCHES [ 1,500 MM] .
Collect ion efficiency varies wit h part icle size.
From t he t able above we see t hat cyclones are a good
choice for m edium size part icles. Cyclones can be
fabricat ed from a wide variet y of int ernals and can also
be refract ory lined. Therefore cyclones can be used for
t he rem oval of part icles from corrosive and/ or high
t em perat ure ( 1,800 DEG F) gas st ream s.
The cyclone has a cylindrically shaped upper sect ion
and long t apering conical lower sect ion. Dirt y gas
ent ers t he t op sect ion t hrough a t angent ial nozzle.
This im part s a swirling m ot ion t o t he gas. The
ent rained part icles are t hrown t o t he wall of t he
cyclone by cent rifugal force. The part icles descend by
gravit y along t he wall t o t he bot t om of t he cone where
t hey are discharged.
The gas spirals downward t o t he bot t om of t he cone
t hen reverses direct ion and m oves upward t o t he gas
exit at t he t op cent er of t he cyclone. I ncreasing t he
diam et er of a cyclone increases it s capacit y but
capacit y of a single cyclone is lim it ed t o about 50,000
CFM. When larger flowrat es m ust be handled several
cyclones are arranged in parallel.
M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
D ia m e t e r :
Range: 3 - 60 I NCHES [ 75 - 1,500 MM]
Flow Ra t e :
Range: 70 - 40,000 CFM [ 120 - 67,900 M2/ H]
Pr e ssur e dr op:
Default : * 2.5* I N- H20 [ * 625* PA] t o * 27,000*
CFM [ * 45,870* M3/ H] ; or * 6* I N- H20 [ * 1,500* PA]
Air Te m pe r a t ur e :
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
14-9
D u st Colle ct or s ( D C) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Mult iple cyclone wit h flow rat e t o 20,000 CFM [ 33,980 M ULT CYCLO
M3/ H] .
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Ga s flow r a t e :
Range: 900 - 20,000 CFM [ 1,530 - 33,980 M2/ H]
High volt age elect rical pr ecipit at or
ELC H V OLT
Ga s flow r a t e :
Min: 600 CFM [ 1,020 M3/ H]
Required: gas flow rat e or boiler capacit y
( for coal- boiler applicat ion only)
Boile r ca pa cit y:
Max: 3,400 MMBTU/ H [ 1,000 MEGAW]
Required: gas flow rat e or boiler capacit y ( for coalboiler applicat ion only)
Re m ova l e fficie ncy:
Min: 80.0% ; Max: 99.99%
Required: rem oval efficiency or part icle load ( for coalboiler applicat ion only)
Pa r t icle siz e ( m icr on s) :
Default : * 0.600* m icrons
Pa r t icle r e sist a nce x 1 0 E1 0 :
Default : * 2* OHM- I N [ * 5* OHM- CM]
SO3 Con ce n t r a t ion ( ppm ) : Default : * 4.50* ppm
Low volt age elect rical precipit at or
ELC L V OLT
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Ga s flow r a t e :
Range: 600 - 20,000 CFM [ 1,020 - 33,980 M3/ H]
Washer dust collect or
W ASH ERS
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Ga s flow r a t e :
Range: 600 - 20,000 CFM [ 1,020 - 33,980 M3/ H]
Air t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
14-10
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
Filt e r s ( F)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Cart ridge filt er t o 1,200 GPM [ 75 L/ S] wit h 5 m icron
cot t on filt er.
CARTRI D GE
Cart ridge filt ers are generally used as a final filt ering
elem ent for t he rem oval of sm all part icles, such as
pipe scale, down t o 10 m icrons
in size from a liquid st ream cont aining a low
concent rat ion of t hese solids.
A cart ridge filt er consist s of a t ank cont aining one or
m ore filt er elem ent s or cart ridges which are t ubes of
wound nat ural or synt het ic fibers. Liquid flows t hrough
t he cart ridges and t he suspended solids are t rapped
by t he fibers. As t he filt er get s dirt ier, pressure drop
builds t o a point where t he cart ridges m ust be
replaced. The cart ridges are disposable. They are not
cleaned and reused.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
Liquid flow r a t e :
Range: 30 - 1,200 GPM [ 1.9 - 75 L/ S]
Pressure leaf- dry filt er wit h leaf area t o 600 SF [ 55
M2] .
LEAF D RY
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS316- SS316
Sur fa ce a r e a :
Range: 50 - 600 SF [ 4.7 - 55 M2]
Pressure leaf- wet filt er wit h leaf area t o 600 SF [ 55
M2] .
LEAF W ET
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS316- SS316
Sur fa ce a r e a :
Range: 50 - 600 SF [ 4.7 - 55 M2]
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
14-11
Filt e r s ( F) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Aut om at ic plat e and fram e filt er wit h capacit y t o 50 CF PLATE
[ 1.4 M3] .
FRAM
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * RBLCS*
RBLCS- Rubber- line CS
PPLCS- Polyprop. lined CS
SS316- SS316
Fr a m e ca pa cit y:
Range: 10 - 50 CF [ 0.3 - 1.4 M3]
Pla t e size :
Range: 36 - 48 I NCHES [ 900 - 1,200 MM] ;
Default : 48 I NCHES [ 1,2000 MM]
Disk Filt er. General Feat ures: The filt er is a vacuum
t ype ( from drop leg) , consist ing of segm ent ed disks
wit h polypropylene filt er bags, suct ion valve, vat
( opt ional) wit h st iffeners, discharge t rough, drive
m ot or, base plat e, rot or and bearing support . The
following variat ions are available.
ROTY D I SK
St andard Disk Filt er ( for general chem ical indust ry) —
This filt er addit ionally includes a paddle agit at or for
t he vat , worm and gear reducer for filt er drum , air
blow discharge m echanism and cleaning showers.
Thickener ( as in pulp and paper m ills) — includes t he
general feat ures and in addit ion, has repulper, flushing
pipe, hood wit h m ount ing flange, inspect ion and
service doors, knock off and cleaning showers
( including nozzles, header, hoses, valves) . The filt rat e
valve ( double solut ion t ype) and t he drive reducer is a
helical gear.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS316- SS316
RBLCS- Rubber lined CS
EPLCS- Epoxy lined CS
Applica t ion :
Default : * MD RATE*
LO RATE- Low filt rat ion rat e
MD RATE- Medium filt rat ion rat e
HI RATE- High filt rat ion rat e
THCKNR- Used as a t hickening device
- Cont inued on next page -
14-12
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
Filt e r s ( F) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
ROTY D I SK - cont inued
Solid flow r a t e :
Ent er solid flow rat e or surface area.
Sur fa ce a r e a :
Ent er solid flow rat e or surface area.
Range: 100 - 900 SF [ 10 - 80 M2]
Solids ha n dlin g r a t e :
Default : 0.30 TPD/ SF [ 0.12 TPH/ lM2]
N u m be r of disk s:
Min: 1; Default : * 3* .
Liquid flow r a t e :
Flowrat e of feed st ream
Consist e n cy Air D r ie d:
Percent of solids in t he feed st ream .
Range: 0.50 - 5.00; Default : * 15* .
Ta nk or va t m a t e r ia l:
Default : * NONE*
NONE- No vat will be provided
CS- Carbon st eel vat
SS316- St ainless st eel vat
Drum Filt er. General Feat ures: The filt er is a vacuum ROTY D RUM
t ype ( from drop leg) , m ult i com part m ent cylinder shell
wit h int ernal filt rat e piping wit h polypropylene filt er
clot h, feed box wit h inlet and drain nozzles, suct ion
valve, rake- agit at ed vat ( opt ional) wit h st iffeners,
discharge t rough, driver consist ing of rot or, drive
m ot or base plat e, worm , gear reducer and t wo pillow
block bearing wit h support s. I n addit ion t o t he
st andard filt er, t he following variat ions are available.
Thickener ( as in pulp and paper m ills) — includes t he
above general feat ures and, in addit ion, has repulper,
flushing pipe, hood wit h m ount ing flange, inspect ion
and service doors, knock off and cleaning showers
( including nozzles, header, hoses, valves) . The
dist inguishing feat ures are air- assist ed scraper
discharge, filt rat e valve ( double solut ion t ype) , st eel
filt er clot h and t he drive reducer is a helical gear.
Brown St ock and Bleach Washers — in addit ion t o t he
t hickener feat ures, t he washers have m ult iple showers
for washing.
Lim e Mud Filt er and Dregs Washer — essent ially
includes t he sam e general feat ures as t he general
washer, but wit h pre- coat for easier filt rat ion.
- Cont inued on next page -
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
14-13
Filt e r s ( F) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
ROTY D RUM - cont inued
M a t e r ia l: Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS316- SS316
RBLCS- Rubber lined CS
EPLCS- Epoxy lined CS
Applica t ion : Default : * MD RATE*
LO RATE- Low filt rat ion rat e
MD RATE- Medium filt rat ion rat e
HI RATE- High filt rat ion rat e
THCKNR- Used as a t hickening device
Solid flow r a t e :
Ent er solid flow rat e or surface area.
Sur fa ce a r e a :
Ent er solid flow rat e or surface area.
Range: 100 - 2,000 SF [ 10 - 185 M2]
Solids ha n dlin g r a t e :
Default : 0.50 TPD/ SF [ 0.20 TPH/ lM2]
N u m be r of disk s:
Min: 1; Default : * 3* .
Liquid flow r a t e :
Flowrat e of feed st ream
Consist e n cy Air D r ie d:
Percent of solids in t he feed st ream .
Range: 0.50 - 5.00; Default : * 20* .
Ta nk or va t m a t e r ia l: Default : * NONE*
NONE- No vat will be provided
CS- Carbon st eel vat
SS316- St ainless st eel vat
Scroll discharge cent rifugal filt er for dewat ering fine
solids ( 0 t o 28 m esh) or m edium coarse solids ( .375
I NCH [ 10 MM] t o 28 m esh) .
SCROLL
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Fe e d siz e se le ct ion :
FI NE- Fine solids
MEDI UM- Medium solids
Sewage filt er wit h area t o 600 SF [ 55 M2] .
SEW AGE
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
Sur fa ce a r e a :
Range: 100 - 600 SF [ 10 - 55 M2]
14-14
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
Filt e r s ( F) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sparkler wit h area t o 110 SF [ 10 M2] .
SPARKLER
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * SS316*
SS316- SS316
RBLCS- Rubber lined CS
Sur fa ce a r e a :
Range: 8 - 110 SF [
0.75 - 10.2 M2]
Spa r k le r volu m e :
Range: 0.5 - 15 CF [ 0.02 - 0.4 M3]
Spa r k le r dia m e t e r :
Range: 18 - 33 I NCHES [ 450 - 825 MM]
Tubular fabric filt ers ( bank of t hree) wit h aut om at ic or TUBULAR
m anual cleaning/ backwashing. Flow rat e t o 3400 GPM
[ 210 L/ S] .
For filt ering liquid st ream s such as cooling t ower wat er
and t ank car loading lines. The wide select ion of filt er
m edia available allows part icles from 1 m icron t o
2,000 m icrons in size t o be rem oved. Because t ubular
filt ers can be backwashed, liquid st ream s wit h high
solids concent rat ions can be handled.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
Liquid flow r a t e :
Range: 100 - 3,400 GPM [ 6.5 - 210 L/ S]
M e sh size :
Range: 60 - 700 MESH
M ode of ope r a t ion:
Aut om at ic cleaning and backwashing opt ion available.
Default : * NONE*
NONE- No aut o operat ion
AUTO- Aut o clan/ backwash
Whit e wat er filt er including cent rifugal screening
basket , int ernal showers and dist ribut ors.
W H I TEW ATER
Liquid flow r a t e :
Maxim um flow varies: 4750 GPM [ 300 L/ S]
at 0.001 consist ency, 2500 GPM [ 157 L/ S] at 0.1.
Consist e n cy Air D r ie d:
Range: 0.001 t o 0.1; Default : 0.1
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
14-15
Filt e r s ( F) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Com pressed gas filt er
Rem oves part iculat es from com pressed gas. Supplied
wit h st andard 10 m icron filt er.
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e I n le t :
Min: 0.25 PSI G [ 1.75 KPA] ; Max: 720 PSI G [ 4,965
KPA]
Specified inlet pressure dict at es m axim um gas flow
rat e and pressure drop.
Ga s flow r a t e a nd Pr e ssur e D r op:
Maxim um gas flow rat e, which varies wit h inlet
pressure ( see chart ) , is at st andard condit ions.
COM PRSGAS
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e
I nle t
Ga s flow r a t e M AX*
150 PSI G [ 1,033 KPA]
60,000 CFM [ 103,000 M3/ H]
275 PSI G [ 1,895 KPA
86,500 CFM [ 146,900 M3/ H]
720 PSI G [ 4,956 KPA]
155,000 CFM [ 263,000 M3/ H]
* at MAX Pressure Drop
Te m pe r a t u r e : Default : * 60* DEG F [ * 15.5* DEG C] ;
Max: 100 DEG F [ 37.5
DEG C] . Maxim um gas flow rat e is achieved at 60 DEG
F.
Pr e ssur e dr op: Range varies wit h t em perat ure and
inlet pressure. The following default s and MI N/ MAX
values are applicable only t o air at default t em perat ure
of 60 DEG F [ 15.5 DEG C] . For ot her gases and/ or
ot her t em perat ures, appropriat e m olecular weight and
t em perat ure correct ions will be applied t o t he pressure
drop.
D e fa ult
MI N
M AX
Design gauge pressure I nlet range of 0.25 PSI G [ 1.75 KPA] - 150 PSI G [ 1,033 KPA]
0.0175 psi
[ 0.00012 N/ m m 2]
0.0175 psi
[ 0.00012 N/ m m 2]
2.0 psi
[ 0.01379 N/ m m 2]
Design gauge pressure I nlet range of 150 PSI G [ 1,033 KPA] - 275 PSI G [ 1,895 KPA]
0.25 psi
[ 0.00172 N/ m m 2]
0.25 psi
[ 0.00172 N/ m m 2]
3.0 psi
[ 0.02068 N/ m m 2]
Design gauge pressure I nlet range of 275 PSI G [ 1,895 KPA] - 720 PSI G [ 4,956 KPA]
0.50 psi
[ 0.00345 N/ m m 2]
0.50 psi
[ 0.00345 N/ m m 2]
5.0 psi
[ 0.03447 N/ m m 2]
M ole cula r w e ight :
Default gas is air wit h a m olecular weight of 28.96.
14-16
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
Filt e r s ( F) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sanit ary in- line m et al t rap
M ETAL TRAP
Prot ect s against iron cont am inat ion and reduces
abrasive wear t o equipm ent by t rapping part icles via
gravit y and m agnet ic separat ing act ion. Mat erial of
const ruct ion is SS316.
I f you require a foundat ion for t his it em , it m ust be
added.
Pipe dia m e t e r :
MI N: 2 I NCH [ 50 MM] , MAX: 4 I NCH [ 100 MM] .
St a n da r d size s:
I NCHMM
250
380
4100
Sanit ary flum ing reclaim reel
RECL REEL
Som et im es used wit h a flum ing pum p and dewat ering
shaker. Wat er from t he shaker will be forwarded t o t he
flum ing reclaim reel so t hat t he reclaim reel can
rem ove solids t hat weren’t rem oved by t he shaker.
Flum in g r a t e :
MAX: 1,200 GPM [ 75 L/ S]
D ist r ibu t ion h e a de r :
NONE- Not included
* I NCL* - I ncluded
Cover opt ion:
* NONE* - Not included
I NCL- I ncluded
Culinary ( st erile) air filt er
SAN AI R
Keeps rust and ot her such m at t er out of t he product .
Mat erial of const ruct ion is SS316.
Air flow r a t e :
Ent er act ual flow rat e or pipe size; MAX: 4340 CFM
[ 7373M3/ H] at 100 PSI G [ 689.4KPA] .
Pipe dia m e t e r :
MI N: 0.5 I NCH [ 15 MM] , MAX: 8 I NCH [ 200 MM]
St a n da r d size s:
I NCHMM
0.515
125
- Cont inued on next page -
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
14-17
Filt e r s ( F) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
SAN AI R - cont inued
250
380
4100
6150
8200
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
MI N: 100 PSI G [ 680 KPA]
N u m be r of st a ge s:
* 1* , MI N: 1, MAX: 3
Sanit ary pipe filt er
SAN PI PE
Rem oves fine part icles from a given liquid or gas.
Mat erial of const ruct ion is SS316.
Pipe dia m e t e r :
MI N: 1 I NCHES [ 25 MM] , MAX: 4 I NCHES [ 100 MM] .
- For size LONG and t ype I NLI N, range is 1.5 I N
[ 40MM] - 3 I NCHES [ 75 MM] .
- For t ype BASKT, MI N is 2 I NCHES.
St a n da r d size s:
I NCHES MM
1.0
25
1.5
40
2.0
50
2.5
65 ( not available for BASKT)
3.0
80
4.0
100 ( not available for I NLI N)
St yle :
* I NLI N* - I n- line filt er
BASKT- Basket filt er - for dia. > = 2 I NCHES [ 50 MM]
I f pipe diam et er is 4 I NCHES [ 100 MM] , BASKT is t he
only available t ype. Ot herwise, default is I NLI N.
Body size :
* SHORT* - Short body
LONG- Long body
14-18
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
Filt e r s ( F) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sanit ary filt er press
SAN PRESS
Takes in liquid t hrough int ernal port s locat ed in every
fram e and t he t wo heads, t hen passes t he liquid
t hrough t he filt er m edia and int o t he plat es, and finally
releases t he liquid t hrough t he head.
Any t wo m ust be ent ered: t ot al area, plat e size,
num ber of plat es. The t hird is com put ed accordingly.
Pla t e m a t e r ia l:
SS304, * SS316*
Tot a l pla t e a r e a :
The m axim um t ot al area, ent ered in square feet ( SF)
or square m et ers ( M2) , depends on t he plat e t ype and
plat e size, and is int ernally calculat ed and checked.
Pla t e size :
Available sizes of round plat es:
I NCHES MM
12
300
18
450
24
600
Flow D ia gr a m
Available sizes of square plat es:
I NCHES MM
12 7/ 8
300
18 7/ 8
450
24
600
N ot e :24 I NCH ( 600 MM) plat e size available for
HYDRL ( hydraulic) closure t ype only.
- Cont inued on next page -
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
14-19
Filt e r s ( F) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
SAN PRESS - cont inued
N um be r of pla t e s:
The m axim um num ber of plat es depends upon t he
plat e size:
Pla t e Size
Squa r e
M AX N o.
Round
of Pla t e s
12 I NCH [ 300 MM]
12 7 / 8 I NCH [ 300 MM]
15
18 I NCH [ 450 MM]
18 7 / 8 I NCH [ 450 MM]
25
24 I NCH [ 600 MM]
24 I NCH [ 600 MM]
40
Pla t e t hick ne ss:
* 1 I NCH [ 25 MM] * ; MI N: 1 I NCH [ 25 MM] ; MAX: 2
I NCHES [ 50 MM] . These ( t hat is, t he MI N and t he MAX
values) are t he only st andard plat e t hicknesses
available.
H e a d a nd st a nd m a t e r ia l:
CS- Carbon st eel
* SS* - St ainless st eel
Pla t e t ype :
* ROUND* - Round plat es
SQUAR- Square plat es
Fe e d pu m p t ype :
* PD * - Posit ive displacem ent pum p
CNTRF- Cent rifugal pum p
NONE- No feed pum p included
H ydr a ulic closur e :
* HYDRL* - Hydraulic closure
MANUL- Manual closure ( not available for 24 I NCH
[ 600 MM] plat e size)
14-20
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
Filt e r s ( F) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Culinary ( st erile) st eam filt er
SAN STEAM
Used prim arily for cleaning fact ory or plant st eam t o
reduce t he levels of boiler feed chem icals, rust , pipe
scale, and ot her cont am inat es. Mat erial of const ruct ion
is SS316.
Flow r a t e :
MI N: 215.0 LB/ H [ 97.5 KG/ H] ; MAX: 36,100 LB/ H
[ 16,375 KG/ H] . The Minim um / m axim um flow rat es are
com put ed and depend upon t he st eam pressure. Those
given above are at t he default st eam pressure of 100
PSI G [ 680 KPA] .
Ent er eit her flow rat e or pipe diam et er.
Pipe dia m e t e r :
MI N: 0.75 I NCHES [ 20 MM] ; MAX: 8 I NCHES [ 200
MM] . St andard sizes are shown under Filt e r
dia m e t e r.
Ent er eit her flow rat e or pipe diam et er.
Body D ia m e t e r : Det erm ined by Pipe Diam et er.
Pipe dia m e t e r
I n ch - Pou n d
0.75 I NCHES
1 I NCHES
2 I NCHES
3 I NCHES
4 I NCHES
6 I NCHES
8 I NCHES
M e t r ic
20 MM
25 MM
50 MM
80 MM
100 MM
150 MM
200 MM
Filt e r body dia m e t e r
I nch- Pound
1.5 I NCHES
2.5 I NCHES
4 I NCHES
8.6 I NCHES
10.7 I NCHES
12.8 I NCHES
16 I NCHES
M e t r ic
38.1 MM
63.5 MM
101.6 MM
218.44 MM
271.78 MM
325.12 MM
406.4 MM
Body le ngt h:
I f pipe diam et er is ent ered, syst em select s a filt er body
lengt h from t he above t able. I f user ent ers a lengt h, it
is print ed, but t he underlying design value is st ill
provided by t he t able.
St e a m pr e ssu r e - ga uge :
* 100 PSI G [ 680 KPA] *
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
14-21
Filt e r s ( F) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sanit ary pipe st rainer
SAN STRAI N
Rem oves large part icles as a process st ream passes
t hrough t he st rainer ’s perforat ed plat e or screen m esh.
Mat erial of const ruct ion is SS316.
Pipe dia m e t e r :
MI N: 1 I NCH [ 25 MM] , MAX: 4 I NCHES [ 100 MM] , wit h
t he following except ions:
- For BASKT st yle, MI N is 2 I NCHES [ 50 MM] .
- For size LONG and I NLI N st yle, MAX is 3 I NCHES
[ 80MM] .
St a n da r d size s:
I NCHMM
125
1.540
250
2.5* 65*
380
4100
* BASKT st yle is not available in t his size
St yle :
* I NLI N* - I n- line filt er
BASKT- Basket filt er - for dia. > = 2 I NCHES [ 50 MM] .
Not available for 2.5 I N [ 65 MM] pipe diam et er.
N ot e : for pipe diam et er of 4 I NCHES [ 100 MM] ,
BASKT is t he only available st yle; ot herwise, t he
default st yle is I NLI N.
Body size :
* SHORT* - Short body
LONG - Long body
Configu r a t ion :
* SI NGL* - Single filt er
TWI N- Twin filt ers
14-22
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Filt e r Se dim e n t Re m ova l
SEDI MENT REMOVAL
Cart ridge filt er t o 1,200 GPM [ 75 L/ S] wit h 5 m icron
cot t on filt er.
Cart ridge filt ers are generally used as a final filt ering
elem ent for t he rem oval of sm all part icles, such as
pipe scale, down t o 10 m icrons in size from a liquid
st ream cont aining a low concent rat ion of t hese solids.
A cart ridge filt er consist s of a t ank cont aining one or
m ore filt er elem ent s or cart ridges which are t ubes of
wound nat ural or synt het ic fibers. Liquid flows t hrough
t he cart ridges and t he suspended solids are t rapped by
t he fibers. As t he filt er get s dirt ier, pressure drop
builds t o a point where t he cart ridges m ust be
replaced. The cart ridges are disposable. They are not
cleaned and reused.
She ll M a t e r ia l:
Def.: m at 'l select ion from design t em p.( Ref. proj .
equipm ent design basis) . Specify backing plat e
m at 'l if clad plat e
Default : * CS*
CS - Carbon st eel
SS - St ainless st eel
A516
A515
A204C - C- .5Mo
A387B - 1Cr - .5Mo
SS304 - SS304
SS316 - SS316
SS321 - SS321
SS347 - SS347
304L - 304L
316L - 316L
NI - Nickel
I NCNL - I nconel
MONEL - Monel
HAST - Hast elloy
TFELS - Teflon lined CS
GSLCS - Glass lined CS
CS... - See list of carbon st eel m at erials
H-T STL... - See list of heat t reat ed st eel m at erials
LOW ALLOY STL... - See list of low alloy st eel
m at erials
HI ALLOY STL... - See list of hi alloy st eel m at erials
NON FERROUS... - See list of non- ferrous m at erials
LI NED CS MATLS... - See list of lined st eel m at erials
- cont inued on next page-
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
14-23
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Se dim e nt Re m ova l Filt e r - cont inued V e sse l D ia m e t e r :
Ent er eit her volum e or diam et er and height
V e sse l t a nge nt t o t a n ge nt h e igh t :
Ent er eit her volum e or diam et er and height
Ba se m a t e r ia l t hick n e ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion
allowance.
Cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] for CS, 0.0 for ot her
m at erials.
D e fa ult ga uge pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for
worst case.
Default : pressure design.
Va cuu m de sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
I f pressure and vacuum ent ered, design is for
worst case.
Default : pressure design.
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : 650 DEGF[ 340 DEGC] ferrous m at 'l; 250
DEGF[ 120 DEGC] m at 'l;
Ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : Design t em perat ure
Sk ir t h e igh t :
Min > 0
Skip if legs reqd, ent er 0.0 if hung in OPEN
st ruct ure; default 1.5 x diam et er
Sk ir t t hick ne ss:
Min > 0
Default : syst em calculat ed;
Ve sse l le g he ight :
Min 0
Skip if skirt reqd, ent er 0.0 if hung in OPEN
st ruct ure; default 4 FEET [ 1.25 M]
Fluid volu m e :
Min: 0
Max: 100
Default : 20
For seism ic design; fluid volum e as a % of vessel
volum e ( wat er assum ed) .
Allow a n ce for in t e r n a ls:
Min: 0
Default : 0
Specify an allowance for int ernals as a percent
of basic vessel weight .
- cont inued on next page-
14-24
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Se dim e nt Re m ova l Filt e r - cont inued W e ld e fficie ncy:
Min: 50
Max: 100
ASME/ JI S/ DI N only, where allowed for t hin wall
vessels; default : Area Basis.
St r e ss r e lie f:
CODE - Provide st ress relief if code requires
YES - Provide st ress relief
NO - No st ress relief required
N u m be r of body fla n ge se t s:
Min: 0
Default : 1
Num ber of set s ( pairs) of body flanges of sam e
diam et er as vessel.
H e a d t ype :
ELLI P - 2: 1 Ellipsoidal
HEMI - Hem ispherical
TORI - Torispherical ( ASME)
H e a d t h ick n e ss Top:
Min: > 0
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion
allowance.
H e a d t h ick n e ss Bot t om :
Min: > 0
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion
allowance.
D ia m e t e r opt ion :
OD - Out side diam et er
I D - I nside diam et er
Defines desired diam et er as I D or OD, default - see
Area Design Basis.
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
14-25
Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( SE)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Cent rifugal cleaners/ wet cyclones used for rem oval of PULP STOCK
cont am inant s in fluids using cent rifugal force. I ncludes
t he body, support ing legs, t wo rej ect valves per
cyclone, rej ect cham ber/ grit pot , aut om at ic or m anual
cont rol of rej ect ed m at erials and a header for m ult iple
cyclones. Separat e m at erial specificat ions are allowed
for t he t op and conical sect ion. Sizing and scaling
feat ures allow cont am inant s t o be separat ed by size
and densit y/ t ype. Linear or radial configurat ions are
available.
M a in se ct ion m a t e r ia l:
Default : * SS316*
SS316- SS316
316L- 316 L
CS- Carbon st eel
CERML- Light ceram ic liner on CS
CERMM- Medium ceram ic liner on CS
CERMH- Heavy ceram ic liner on CS
CERMV- Very heavy ceram ic liner on CS
ABRPL- Abrasion resist ant plat e
REPRB- Replaceable rubber liner on CS
LS304- Replaceable SS304 on CS
LS316- Replaceable SS316 on CS
Cyclone dia m e t e r :
Ent er diam et er or liquid flow rat e.
Range: 4 - 30 I NCHES [ 100 - 750 MM]
Liquid flow r a t e :
Ent er diam et er or liquid flow rat e.
Applica t ion :
Default : * AUTO*
AUTO- Aut om at ic cleaner discharge
MANL- Manual cleaner discharge
Configu r a t ion :
Default : * LI N*
LI N- Linear m anifold
RAD- Radial m anifold
N u m be r of cyclon e s pe r m a nifold:
Default : * 1*
Cone se ct ion m a t e r ia l:
Default : * SS316*
SS316- SS316
316L- 316 L
CS- Carbon st eel
- Cont inued on next page -
14-26
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
Se pa r a t ion Equipm e nt ( SE) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
PULP STOCK - cont inued
CERML- Light ceram ic liner on CS
CERMM- Medium ceram ic liner on CS
CERMH- Heavy ceram ic liner on CS
CERMV- Very heavy ceram ic liner on CS
CERMC- Ceram ic
ABRPL- Abrasion resist ant plat e
REPRB- Replaceable rubber liner on CS
LS304- Replaceable SS304 on CS
LS316- Replaceable SS316 on CS
Cont a inm e n t size :
Default : * MEDI UM*
SMALL- Sm all debris, less t hen 40 m icrons
MEDI UM- Medium debris, 40 - 400 m icrons
LARGE - Large debris, 400 - 4000 m icrons
Cont a inm e n t de nsit y:
Default : * MEDI UM*
LI GHT - Light weight debris: asphalt , sand, ink
MEDI UM- Medium weight debris: clay, heavy sand
HEAVY- Heavy weight debris: m et al clips, foil
VHEAVY- Very heavy debris: nut s, bolt s, rock
Wat er- only cyclones for separat ion of light and heavy
m inerals or part icle size separat ion. Cyclones m ay be
linear or radial m anifold and m ay be lined wit h
replaceable liners. Cyclone diam et er t o 30 I NCHES
[ 760 MM] .
W ATER CYCL
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
CERML- Light ceram ic liner
CERMM- Medium ceram ic liner
CERMH- Heavy ceram ic liner
CERMV- Very heavy ceram ic liner
ABRPL- Abrasive resist ant plat e
REPRB- Replaceable rubber lining
LS304- Replaceable SS304 lining
LS316- Replaceable SS316 lining
Cyclone dia m e t e r :
Diam et er is for individual cyclone, group m anifolding linear or radial. Range: 4 - 30 I NCHES [ 105 - 760 MM]
Configu r a t ion :
Default : * LI N*
LI N- Linear m anifold
RAD- Radial m anifold
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
14-27
Se pa r a t ion Equipm e nt ( SE) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Oil- wat er separat or - API t ype.
OI L W ATER
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Liquid flow r a t e :
Maxim um flow ( see Configurat ion) less Specific
Gravit y increase. For exam ple, for BOX 135 GPM [ 8.5
L/ S] at 0.965. Min: 25 GPM [ 16 L/ S]
D ia m e t e r or w idt h:
Range: 4 - 8 FEET [ 1.22 - 2.40 M]
Le n gt h:
Range: 20 - 40 FEET [ 6.1 - 12.0 M]
Configu r a t ion :
Default : * BOX*
RND- Round- m ax flow 545 GPM [ 34 L/ S] at 0.85 SG
BOX- Box - m ax flow 700 GPM [ 44 L/ S] at 0.85 SG
Oil specific gravit y: Range” 0.85 - 0.97; Default :
* 0.92*
14-28
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
Th ick e n e r s ( T)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Thickeners are used in m any solid/ liquid separat ion
processes and consist of a slow- m oving rake
m echanism rot at ing in a t ank. The unit includes feed
well, bridge, drive head ( wit h opt ional overload alarm
syst em ) , and a drive consist ing of worm , gear and
m ot or. An opt ional flocculat or m echanism wit h
flocculat ion cham ber, paddles and flocculat or drive
wit h reduct ion gear and m ot or can be included.
Addit ional st orage capacit y for t he t ank can be
specified for special applicat ions such as green liquor
clarificat ion, whit e liquor clarificat ion or lim e m ud
washing; as used in paper m ill operat ions. I f only a
t hickener m echanism is needed, t he t ank can be
excluded.
TH I CKEN ER
Applica t ion :
Default : * STANDARD*
STANDARD- St andard t hickener/ clarifier
PRM- ETP- Prim ary clarifier usually for effluent
SEC- ETP- Secondary clarifier usually for effluent
GRN- LQ- Green liquor clarifier for pulp/ paper
WHI TE- LQ- Whit e liquor clarifier for pulp/ paper
LI MMUD- Lim e m ud washer for pulp and paper m ills
Ra k e a nd m e cha nism m a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS304- SS304
SS316- SS316
MONEL- Monel
RUBCV- Rubber covered CS
Ta n k or va t m a t e r ia l:
Tank m at erial required t o obt ain t ank cost , leave blank
for t hickener m echanism only.
CS- Carbon st eel
SS304- SS304
SS316- SS316
MONEL- Monel
RUBCV- Rubber covered CS
Ve sse l dia m e t e r :
Ent er t ank capacit y or t ank dim ensions.
Range: 9.5 - 400 FEET [ 3.0 - 12.0 M]
Ve sse l he ight :
Ent er t ank capacit y or t ank dim ensions.
Liquid volum e :
Ent er t ank capacit y or t ank dim ensions.
- Cont inued on next page -
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
14-29
Th ick e n e r s ( T) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
TH I CKEN ER - cont inued
Addit iona l ca pa cit y:
Ext ra st orage in addit ion t o basic t ank capabilit y.
Default : * 0.0* GALLONS [ * 0.0 M3] .
Flocculat or required: Default : * NO*
NO- No flocculat ion required
YES- Flocculat or m echanism required
Br idge t ype :
Default : * FULL*
FULL- Full lengt h bridge 100 FEET [ 30 M] m axim um
SEMI - Sem i- bridge for 100 FEET [ 30 M] diam et er
TRCTN- Tract ion t ype clarifier on sem i- bridge
D r ive he a t t ype :
Default : * DH- STD*
DH- STD- St andard drive head t o 30 FEET [ 9 M]
diam et er DH- HD- Heavy dut y drive - large diam et er,
t hick sludge DH- HDA- Heavy dut y, overload alarm ,
lift ing device
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : 190 DEG F [ 88 DEG C] for green liquor; else
68 DEG F [ 20 DEG C] .
Ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : Design t em perat ure.
Allow a n ce for in t e r n a ls:
Specify an allowance for int ernals as a percent of basic
m echanism weight . Default : * 0.0*
Ba se m a t e r ia l t hick n e ss:
Base m at erial t hickness including corrosion allowance.
Cor r osion a llow a n ce :
Default : 0.125 I NCHES [ 3 MM] for CS,
0.0 for ot her m at erials.
N u m be r of m a n hole s:
Default : * 1*
M a nhole dia m e t e r :
Max: 480 I NCHES [ 1,200 MM] ;
Default : * 18* I NCHES [ * 450* MM] .
14-30
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
Scr e e n s ( VS)
Rect angular, circular.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Rect angular single deck, open or enclosed.
Rect angular double deck, open or enclosed.
Rect angular t riple deck, open or enclosed.
ON E D ECK
TW O D ECK
TH REE D ECK
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Le n gt h:
Range: 6 - 24 FEET [ 2.0 - 7.25 M]
W idt h :
Range: 3 - 8 FEET [ 1.0 - 2.25 M]
Configu r a t ion :
Default : * OPEN*
OPEN- No duct enclosure
Circular single deck.
Circular double deck.
Circular t riple deck.
SI FTER 1
SI FTER 2
SI FTER 3
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS304- SS304
SS316- SS316
Scr e e n dia m e t e r :
Range: 18 - 60 I NCHES [ 450 - 1,5000 MM]
Sur fa ce a r e a :
Range: 1.5 - 18 SF [ 0.2 - 1.7 M2]
Rect angular hum m er- t ype for fine separat ion; 1, 2 or
3 decks.
HUMMER
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
Sur fa ce a r e a :
Range: 10 - 80 SF [ 1.0 - 7.4 M2]
N u m be r of de ck s:
Range: 1 - 3
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
14-31
Scr e e n s ( VS) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
LD STOCK
Low consist ency bow screen is used for fiber
collect ion in a paper m ill.
The unit consist s of a screen surface m ount ed on
a fram e curvilinear in shape, wit h inlet nozzle,
discharge nozzle( s) and a collect ion cham ber.
The aut om at ic feat ure includes solenoids, t im ers
and an air cylinder for back- flushing and
cleaning.
Scr e e n m a t e r ia l:
Default : * SS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
Liquid flow r a t e :
Ent er capacit y or screen surface area.
Surface area:
Ent er capacit y or screen surface area.
Fr a m e m a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
Consist e n cy Air D r ie d:
Percent of solids in t he feed st ream .
0.60 - 2.00; Default : * 0.80*
Mechanical bar screens are t he first st age of screening BAR
used in an effluent t reat m ent syst em . These are wide
m esh screens m ade from m et al rods/ flat s welded ont o
a fram e.
Scr e e n m a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
Liquid flow r a t e :
Ent er capacit y or screen surface area.
Sur fa ce a r e a :
Ent er capacit y or screen surface area.
Pressure screen used for fine screening of
cont am inant s in a paper m ill.
PRESSURE
I ncludes shell for screen basket housing, rot or, foil
blades, wat er lubricat ed packing box wit h packing
seals, V- belt drive wit h belt s, m et al guard and m ot or.
- Cont inued on next page -
14-32
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
Scr e e n s ( VS) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
PRESSURE - cont inued
Ba sk e t m a t e r ia l:
Default : * SS316*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS304- SS304
SS316- SS316
She ll m a t e r ia l:
Default : * SS316*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS304- SS304
SS316- SS316
H ydr a u lic ca pa cit y:
Ent er capacit y or diam et er and lengt h.
Ba sk e t dia m e t e r :
Ent er capacit y or diam et er and lengt h.
Min: 60 I NCHES [ 150 MM]
Ba sk e t he ight :
Ent er capacit y or diam et er and lengt h.
Min: 60 I NCHES [ 150 MM]
D r ive r pow e r :
Max: 3,6000 RPM; Default : * 1,800* RPM
D e sign ga u ge pow e r :
Default : * 15* PSI G [ * 150* MM]
Se a l t ype :
Default : * MECH*
PACK- Packing
MECH- Mechanical seal
Sanit ary flum ing dewat ering shaker
SH AKER
Vibrat ory conveyor wit h screen for dewat ering fruit s
and veget ables t hat have been carried by wat ert ransport up t o t his point in t he food pum ping syst em .
The spreader ( which is included by default , but can be
excluded by select ing NONE in t he “ Spreader opt ion”
field) reduces t he velocit y of t he wat er by spreading
t he wat er and product ont o t he dewat ering shaker.
Mat erial of const ruct ion is st ainless st eel.
I f you require a foundat ion for t his it em , it m ust be
added.
- Cont inued on next page -
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
14-33
Scr e e n s ( VS) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
SH AKER - cont inued
Scr e e n size :
24X60- 2x24 I NCHES [ 609 MM] x 30 I NCHES [ 762
MM] screens
36X60- 2x36 I NCHES [ 914 MM] x 30 I NCHES [ 762
MM] screens
Required t o ent er at least one of t he following: size,
flum ing rat e or solids capacit y.
Flum in g r a t e :
MAX: 500 GPM [ 31 L/ S]
Required t o ent er at least one of t he following: size,
flum ing rat e or solids capacit y.
Solids ca pa cit y:
MAX: 30,000 LB/ H [ 13,500 KG/ H]
Required t o ent er at least one of t he following: size,
flum ing rat e or solids capacit y.
Spr e a de r opt ion :
NONE- Not included
* I NCL* - included
14-34
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
14-35
14-36
1 4 Se pa r a t ion Equ ipm e n t ( G7 )
1 5 Ut ilit y Se r vice Syst e m s
( G6 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
Cooling Towers ( CTW)
St eam Boilers ( STB)
Heat ing Unit s ( HU)
Refrigerat ion Unit s ( RU)
Elect r ical Generat ors ( EG)
Wat er Treat m ent Syst em s ( WTS)
1 5 Ut ilit y Se r vice Syst e m s ( G6 )
15-1
Coolin g Tow e r s ( CTW )
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Cooling t ower includes fans, drivers, concret e basin
COOLI N G
and field erect ion; does not include pum ps and piping.
W a t e r flow r a t e :
Min: 1,000 GPM [ 65 L/ S]
Te m pe r a t ur e r a nge :
10 - 50 DEG F [ 6 - 27 DEG C] ;
Default : * 15* DEG F [ * 8* DEG C]
Appr oa ch gr a die n t :
Range: 5 - 22 DEG F [ 3 - 12 DEG C] ;
Default : * 10* DEG F [ * 5* DEG C]
W e t bu lb t e m pe r a t u r e :
Range: 60 - 82 DEG F [ 16 - 28 DEG C] ;
Default : * 75* DEG F [ * 24* DEG C]
Le n gt h e a ch h e a de r :
Default : * 0* FEET [ * 0* M]
15-2
1 5 Ut ilit y Se r vice Syst e m s ( G6 )
Coolin g Tow e r s ( CTW ) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Cooling t ower includes fans, drivers, concret e basin,
t wo cooling wat er pum ps, m ot or drivers,
inst rum ent at ion for t ower and inhibit ion syst em ( less
t anks and inhibit ion pum ps) , and field erect ion of
cooling t ower.
COOLI N G W P
W a t e r flow r a t e :
Min: 1,000 GPM [ 65 L/ S]
Te m pe r a t ur e r a nge :
Range: 10 - 50 DEG F [ 6 - 27 DEG C] ;
Default : * 15* DEG F [ * 8* DEG C]
Appr oa ch gr a die n t :
Range: 5 - 22 DEG F [ 3 - 12 DEG C] ;
Default : * 10* DEG F [ * 5* DEG C]
W e t bu lb t e m pe r a t u r e :
Range: 60 - 82 DEG F [ 16 - 28 DEG C] ;
Default : * 75* DEG F [ * 24* DEG C]
Le n gt h e a ch h e a de r :
Default : * 0* FEET [ * 0* M]
Fact ory assem bled cooling t ower including fans,
drivers and basins.
PACKAGED
W a t e r flow r a t e :
Range: 150 - 6,000 GPM [ 9.5 - 375 L/ S]
Te m pe r a t ur e r a nge :
Range: 5 - 50 DEG F [ 3 - 27 DEG C] ;
Default : * 15* DEC F [ * 8* DEG C]
Appr oa ch gr a die n t :
Range: 5 - 22 DEG F [ 3 - 12 DEC C] ;
Default : * 10* DEG F [ * 5* DEG C]
W e t bu lb t e m pe r a t u r e :
Range: 60 - 82 DEG F [ 16 - 28 DEG C] ;
Default : * 75* DEG F [ * 24* DEG C]
N u m be r of ce lls:
Default : * 1*
1 5 Ut ilit y Se r vice Syst e m s ( G6 )
15-3
St e a m Boile r s ( STB)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Packaged boiler unit includes forced draft fans,
BOI LER
inst rum ent s, cont rols, burners, soot- blowers,
feedwat er deaerat or, chem ical inj ect ion syst em , st eam
drum , m ud drum and st ack. St eam capacit y t o
800,000 LB/ H [ 362,000 KG/ H] . Shop assem bled.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Boile r flow r a t e :
Range: 10,000 - 800,000 LB/ H
[ 4,540 - 362,000 KG/ H]
St e a m ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
Range: 250 - 600 PSI G
[ 1,725 - 4130 KPA] ; Default : * 250* PSI G [ * 1,725*
KPA]
Supe r he a t :
For sat urat ed st eam ent er 0.0 degrees, else, m inim um
superheat 100 DEG F [ 55 DEG C] . Max: 300 DEG F
[ 165 DEG C] ; Default : * 100* DEG F [ * 55* DEG C]
H e a t ing m e diu m :
GAS- Gas fuel
OI L- Oil fuel
Field erect ed boiler unit includes forced draft fans,
STM BOI LER
inst rum ent s, cont rols, burners, soot- blowers,
feedwat er deaerat or, chem ical inj ect ion syst em ,
st ruct ural st eel plat form s, st eam drum , m ud drum and
st ack wit h st eam capacit y t o 2,220,000 LB/ H [ 997,000
KG/ H] . Oil fired. Econom izer for large capacit ies.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Boile r flow r a t e :
Range: 40,000 - 2,200,000 LB/ H
[ 18,2000 - 997,000 KG/ H]
St e a m ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
Max: 1,000 PSI G [ 6,890 KPA] ;
Default : * 400* PSI G [ * 2,700* KPA]
Supe r he a t :
Max: 300 DEG F [ 165 DEG C] ;
Default : * 100* DEG F [ * 55* DEG C]
15-4
1 5 Ut ilit y Se r vice Syst e m s ( G6 )
H e a t in g Un it s ( H U)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Process heat er t ype dowt herm unit t o 40 MMBTU/ H
[ 11.5 MEGAW] .
CYLI N D ER
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
D ut y:
Max: 40 MMBTU/ H [ 11.5 MEGAW]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
Max: 6,000 PSI G [ 40,000 KPA] ;
Default : * 500* PSI G [ * 3,500* KPA]
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Max: 1,500 DEG F [ 815 DEG C] ;
Default : * 750* DEG F [ * 400* DEG C]
1 5 Ut ilit y Se r vice Syst e m s ( G6 )
15-5
Re fr ige r a t ion Un it s ( RU)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Cent rifugal com pression refrigerat ion unit produces
CEN T COM PR
chilled wat er cooling m edium for circulat ion. I ncludes
cent rifugal com pressor, driver, condenser, cont rols,
int erconnect ing piping, refrigerat ion capacit y t o 3,000
TONS [ 10,500 KW] and field erect ion.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Re fr ige r a t ion ca pa cit y:
Range: 50 - 3,000 TONS- REF
[ 180 - 10,500 KW]
Eva por a t or t e m pe r a t u r e :
Range: - 40 - 40 DEG F [ - 40 - 5 DEG C]
Mechanical com pression refrigerat ion unit produces
liquified refrigerant for circulat ion. I ncludes
reciprocat ing com pressor, driver, wat er cooled
condenser, cont rols, int erconnect ing piping,
refrigerat ion capacit y t o 500 TONS [ 1,750 KW] and
field erect ion.
M ECH AN I CAL
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Re fr ige r a t ion ca pa cit y:
Range: 4 - 500 TONS- REF [ 15 - 1,750 KW]
Eva por a t or t e m pe r a t u r e :
Range: - 80 - 40 DEG F [ - 60 - 5 DEG C]
15-6
1 5 Ut ilit y Se r vice Syst e m s ( G6 )
Ele ct r ica l Ge n e r a t or s ( EG)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Port able st and- by diesel generat or, skid- m ount ed t o
800 KW.
PORTABLE
Used prim arily as a st and- by unit t o supply elect rical
power in t he event of an int errupt ion of t he m ain
power supply. Diesel generat or set s can also be
operat ed cont inuously.
I ncludes a volt age regulat or—3 phase sensing wit h
volt s- per- hert z; aut o st art- st op m odule; elect ric
hourm et er; and volt m et er.
Also used as a st andby for cont inual elect rical service
during t he int errupt ion of norm al power.
Fuel st op power in accordance wit h I SO 3046/ 1, DI N
6271, BS 5514, and I SO 8528. Rat ings are based on
SAE J1349 st andard condit ions. These rat ings also
apply at I SO 3046/ 1, DI N 6271 and BS 5514 st andard
condit ions. No generat or set durat ion required below
55 DEG C ( 131 DEG F) .
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Out pu t KW :
Range: 10 - 800 KW
Turbo- generat or includes condensing st eam t urbine
and cooled elect ric generat or. St eam at 850 PSI G
[ 5,860 KPA] and 900 DEG F [ 482 DEG C] , exhaust at
2.5 in HG [ 8.4 KPA] and capacit y t o 100,000 KVA.
TURBO GEN
Used for t he cont inuous generat ion of elect rical
power.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
Out pu t KVA:
Range: for st eam , 800 - 100,000 KVA; for gas,
800 - 260,000 KVA.
D r ive r t ype :
* St eam * , Gas.
1 5 Ut ilit y Se r vice Syst e m s ( G6 )
15-7
W a t e r Tr e a t m e n t Syst e m s
( W TS)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Dem ineralizing syst em . Two- st age ion exchange unit .
First st age convert s m et al salt s t o acid and second
st age anion exchange rem oves acids. Opt ional
aut om at ic degasificat ion of oxygen and carbon
dioxide.
D EM I N ERAL
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
W a t e r flow r a t e :
Range: 150 - 15,000 GPH [ 0.6 - 56.5 M3/ H]
M ode of ope r a t ion:
Default : * NONE*
NONE- No aut o operat ion
AUTO- Aut o degas CO2 + O2
Soft ening t reat m ent syst em for boiler feedwat er
consist s of hot lim e process soft ener, filt ers, Zeolit e
soft eners, associat ed piping and inst rum ent s.
SOFTEN I N G
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
W a t e r flow r a t e :
10,000 - 50,000 GPH [ 38 - 189 M3/ H]
Aerat ors are used in aerat ion of effluent . The unit
AERATOR
consist s of a drive m ot or, coupling, guard, rot or shaft
and im peller. Ot her feat ures vary depending upon t he
t ype as given below:
High Speed Float ing — general aerat or wit h pont oons.
Low Speed Float ing — in addit ion t o t he gear box for
speed reduct ion, pont oons are included for float ing.
Low Speed Fixed — speed reduct ion by m eans of gear
box.
M a t e r ia l:
* CS* - Carbon st eel316L- 316L
SS304- SS304NI - Nickel
SS316- SS316I NCNL- I nconel
SS321- SS321MONEL- Monel
SS347- SS347HAST- Hast elloy
304L- 304LTI - Tit anium
- Cont inued on next page -
15-8
1 5 Ut ilit y Se r vice Syst e m s ( G6 )
Water Treatment Systems (WTS) - continued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
AERATOR - cont inued
Ae r a t or t ype :
Default : * LSFI ELD*
LSFI XED- Low speed fixed aerat or
LSFLOT- Low speed float ing t ype aerat or
HSFLOT- High speed float ing t ype aerat or
Ae r a t ion ca pa cit y:
Capacit y is m ass of O2 per hour. Ent er capacit y or
im peller diam et er and power.
I m pe lle r dia m e t e r :
Ent er capacit y or im peller diam et er and driver power.
Driver power:
Ent er capacit y or im peller and driver power;
Range: 1.0 - 150.0 HP [ 0.75 - 112 KW]
D r ive r spe e d:
Max: 3,600 RPM; Default : * 1,800* RPM
N u m be r of pon t oons:
Default : 3 for LSFLOT, 1 for HSFLOT, and none for
LSFI XED.
1 5 Ut ilit y Se r vice Syst e m s ( G6 )
15-9
15-10
1 5 Ut ilit y Se r vice Syst e m s ( G6 )
1 6 Fla r e s a n d St a ck s
( G6 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
Flares ( FLR)
St acks ( STK)
1 6 Fla r e s a n d St a ck s ( G6 )
16-1
Fla r e s ( FLR)
A flare syst em is com posed of several par t s: a flar e t ip, a seal, an ignit ion
syst em , a knock- out drum and a riser st ack.
The flare t ip m ay be eit her sm okeless or non- sm okeless. Sm okeless flare t ips
have nozzles for inj ect ing st eam at t he exit of t he t ip. The high velocit y st eam
inspirat es air int o t he flam e result ing in m or e com plet e com bust ion and
t herefor e no sm oke. Non- sm okeless flare t ips do not have t hese st eam
inj ect ion nozzles.
Flares are also classified as cont inuous and em ergency. Cont inuous flares
handle a cont inuous and st eady flow of flar e gas. Em ergency flares are
designed t o safely burn a sudden large release of com bust ible gases t hat are
not norm ally vent ed. Cont inuous flares are norm ally sm okeless and
em er gency flares non- sm okeless.
The flare seal is a device for prevent ing air fr om diffusing down t he st ack and
creat ing a com bust ible m ixt ure wit h t he flare gas inside t he st ack. Flare gas is
ignit ed at t he exit of t he flare t ip by one or m ore pilot s. Should any of t hese
pilot s go out , t he ignit ion syst em would reignit e t hem .
The flare vendor would supply all of t he above com ponent s for a new
inst allat ion. The vendor m ay also be request ed t o supply a knock- out drum .
This device disengages ent rained liquid from t he flare gas. I f t his liquid is not
rem oved, it t ravels up t he st ack, is ignit ed and falls flam ing t o t he ground
creat ing a fire hazard. I f t he flare is elevat ed, t he final com ponent of t he flar e
syst em is t he riser st ack. The st ack is charact erized by it s m et hod. A ground
flare requires no st ack.
The diam et er of t he flare t ip and t he height of t he st ack t hat support s it ( if it is
an elevat ed flar e) is calculat ed using form ulas t hat t ake int o account process
condit ions and safet y considerat ions. The diam et er of t he flare t ip is calculat ed
using t he following form ula:
D = sqrt ( w/ adfv)
where sqrt indicat es t he square root and:
D = t ip diam et er of t he flare: I NCHES [ MM]
w = m ass flowrat e of t he flare gas: LB/ H [ KG/ H]
f = exit velocit y / sonic velocit y of t he flare gas
d = densit y of t he flare gas: PFC [ KG/ M3]
v = sonic velocit y of t he flare gas, calculat ed using sqrt ( cT/ M) : FPS [ M/ S]
M = m olecular weight of t he flare gas
T = absolut e t em perat ure of t he flare gas: DEG R [ DEG K]
P = absolut e pressure of t he flare gas: ( 14.7 + PSI G) [ 101.3 + KPA]
a = 19.6 in I - P unit s = 0.0027123 in METRI C unit s.
R = 10.73 in I - P unit s = 8.3145 in METRI C unit s
c = 59682 in I - P unit s = 107427 in METRI C unit s
The t ot al height of t he st ack is calculat ed using t he following form ula:
H = Y - 40D
16-2
1 6 Fla r e s a n d St a ck s ( G6 )
where:
H = st ack height , including flare t ype: FEET [ M]
D = flare t ip diam et er: FEET [ M]
and:
Y = sqrt [ ( EQwk/ 4 q) - x 2 ]
where:
E = em issivit y of t he flam e ( see form ula on page 16- 4)
Q = heat cont ent of t he flar e gas: BTU/ LB [ KG/ KG]
w = m ass flowrat e of t he flare gas: LB/ H [ KG/ H]
k = 1.0 in I - P unit s, 0.8306 in METRI C unit s
q = allowable radiat ion int ensit y: BTU/ SF/ H [ W/ M2]
x = radius of allowable radiat ion int ensit y ( see form ula on page 16- 4) :
FEET [ M]
For flare t ypes GUYED and DERRI CK, and for self- suppor t ed st acks ( SELFSUPP) 40 FEET [ 12 M] or less in height , t he lengt h of t he bot t om sect ion ( L) is
t he t ot al st ack height . For self- support ed st acks great er t han 40 FEET [ 12 M]
in height , t he lengt h of t he bot t om sect ion is det erm ined from a considerat ion
of t he load requirem ent s.
Em issivit y of t he flam e:
E = ( 0.048) sqrt ( M)
where:
sqrt = square root
E = em m issivit y of t he flam e
M = m olecular weight of t he flare gas
Radius of allowable radiat ion int ensit y:
X = ( c) sqrt ( QW/ 10 5 )
where:
X = radius of allowable radiat ion int ensit y: FEET [ M]
Q = heat cont ent of flare gas: BTU/ LB [ KJ/ KG]
W = m ass flowrat e of flare gas: LB/ H [ KG/ H]
c = 0.58 in I - P unit s, 0.5647 in METRI C unit s
1 6 Fla r e s a n d St a ck s ( G6 )
16-3
The diam et er and t hickness of t he flare st ack is det erm ined by st ruct ural considerat ions
such as loadings and m et hod of support .
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Derrick- support ed flare st ack includes st ack, support
D ERRI CK
st ruct ure, flare t ip, m olecular seal and ignit ion syst em .
Design based upon process condit ions or given sizes.
Derricks are used t o support t all st acks. Generally,
derrick support ed flare st acks are cheaper t han selfsupport ing st acks at height s above 200 FEET [ 60 M] .
Derricks are used inst ead of guyed st acks when land is
lim it ed.
S he ll m a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
Ga s m a ss flow r a t e :
Ent er eit her m ass flow rat e or diam et er and lengt h
( height ) of flare.
D ia m e t e r Bot t om se ct ion :
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a.
Max: 96 I NCHES [ 2,400 MM]
H e igh t Bot t om se ct ion :
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a.
D ia m e t e r M iddle se ct ion:
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a.
Max: 96 I NCHES [ 2,400 MM]
H e igh t M iddle se ct ion:
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a.
D ia m e t e r Top se ct ion :
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a.
Max: 96 I NCHES [ 2,400 MM]
- Cont inued on next page -
16-4
1 6 Fla r e s a n d St a ck s ( G6 )
Fla r e s ( FLR) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
D ERRI CK - cont inued
H e igh t Top se ct ion :
For single diam et er st acks, ent er
dim ensions in bot t om sect ion dat a.
Ga s t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : * 100* DEG F [ * 40* DEG C]
M ole cula r w e ight :
Default : * 40*
Th ick ne ss Bot t om se ct ion :
For single diam et er st acks, ent er
dim ensions in bot t om sect ion dat a.
Th ick ne ss M iddle se ct ion :
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a.
Th ick ne ss Top se ct ion:
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a.
Pe r ce nt sonic ve locit y a t e x it :
Ent er t he gas exit velocit y as a percent of sonic
velocit y. Default : * 20*
Fla r e t ype :
Default : * SMOKELESS*
SMOKELESS- St andard sm okeless flare
AI R ASSI ST- Air assist ed sm okeless flare
NONSMOKE- Non- sm okeless flare
Ra dius r a dia t ion int e nsit y:
Minim um radius at which a person would be exposed
t o t he allowable radiat ion.
Allow a ble r a dia t ion int e nsit y:
Allowable radiat ion int ensit y at t he specified m inim um
radius. Default : * 1,500* BTU/ H/ SF [ 4,500 W/ M2]
Ga s he a t cont e n t :
Default : * 20,000* BTU/ LB [ * 46,500* KJ/ KG]
Guyed flare st ack includes st ack, support s, flare t ip,
GUYED
m olecular seal and ignit ion syst em . Design based upon
process condit ions or given sizes.
This is generally t he least expensive support syst em
for flare st acks over 50 FEET t all. However, a large
unobst ruct ed area around t he st ack m ust be provided
so t hat t here will be no int erference wit h t he guy wire.
She ll m a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
- Cont inued on next page -
1 6 Fla r e s a n d St a ck s ( G6 )
16-5
Fla r e s ( FLR) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
GUYED - cont inued
Ga s m a ss flow r a t e :
Ent er eit her m ass flow rat e or diam et er and lengt h
( height ) of flare.
D ia m e t e r Bot t om se ct ion :
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a. Max: 96 I NCHES [ 2,400 MM]
H e igh t Bot t om se ct ion :
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a.
D ia m e t e r M iddle se ct ion:
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a. Max: 96 I NCHES [ 2,400 MM]
H e igh t M iddle se ct ion:
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a.
D ia m e t e r Top se ct ion :
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a. Max: 96 I NCHES [ 2,400 MM]
H e igh t Top se ct ion :
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a.
Ga s t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : * 100* DEG F [ * 40* DEG C]
M ole cula r w e ight :
Default : * 40*
Thickness Bot t om sect ion: For single diam et er st acks,
ent er dim ensions in bot t om sect ion dat a.
Thickness Middle sect ion: For single diam et er st acks,
ent er dim ensions in bot t om sect ion dat a.
Thickness Top sect ion: For single diam et er st acks,
ent er dim ensions in bot t om sect ion dat a.
Percent sonic velocit y at exit : Ent er gas exit velocit y as
a percent of sonic velocit y. Default : * 20* .
Fla r e t ype :
Default : * SMOKELESS*
SMOKELESS- St andard sm okeless flare
AI R ASSI ST- Air assist ed sm okeless flare
NONSMOKE- Non- sm okeless flare
Ra dius r a dia t ion int e nsit y:
Minim um radius at which a person would be exposed
t o t he allowable radiat ion.
Allowable radiat ion int ensit y: Allowable radiat ion
int ensit y at t he specified m inim um radius. Default :
* 1,500* BTU/ H/ SF [ * 4,500* W/ M2]
Ga s he a t cont e n t :
Default : * 20,000* BTU/ LB [ * 46,500* KJ/ KG]
16-6
1 6 Fla r e s a n d St a ck s ( G6 )
Fla r e s ( FLR) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Self- support ed flare st ack includes st ack, flare t ip,
m olecular seal and ignit ion syst em ; one, t wo or t hree
segm ent s of different lengt h and diam et er.
SELF SUPP
This flare is generally used for st ack height s up t o 50
FEET and when t he availabilit y of land does not perm it
guyed st acks, self- support ing st acks are cheaper t han
derrick support ed st acks for st ack height s up t o 200
FEET [ 60 M] .
Sh e ll m a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
Ga s m a ss flow r a t e :
Ent er eit her m ass flow rat e or diam et er and lengt h
( height ) of flare.
D ia m e t e r Bot t om se ct ion :
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a. Max: 96 I NCHES [ 2,400 MM]
H e igh t Bot t om se ct ion :
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a.
D ia m e t e r M iddle se ct ion:
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a. Max: 96 I NCHES [ 2,400 MM]
H e igh t M iddle se ct ion:
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a.
D ia m e t e r Top se ct ion :
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a. Max: 96 I NCHES [ 2,400 MM]
H e igh t Top se ct ion :
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a.
Ga s t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : * 100* DEG F [ * 40* DEG C]
M ole cula r w e ight :
Default : * 40*
Thickness Bot t om sect ion: For single diam et er st acks,
ent er dim ensions in bot t om sect ion dat a.
Thickness Middle sect ion: For single diam et er st acks,
ent er dim ensions in bot t om sect ion dat a.
Thickness Top sect ion: For single diam et er st acks,
ent er dim ensions in bot t om sect ion dat a.
Pe r ce nt sonic ve locit y a t e x it :
Ent er gas exit velocit y as a percent of sonic velocit y.
Default : * 20* .
- Cont inued on next page -
1 6 Fla r e s a n d St a ck s ( G6 )
16-7
Fla r e s ( FLR) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
SELF SUPP - cont inued
Fla r e t ype :
Default : * SMOKELESS*
SMOKELESS- St andard sm okeless flare
AI R ASSI ST- Air assist ed sm okeless flare
NONSMOKE- Non- sm okeless flare
Ra dius r a dia t ion int e nsit y:
Minim um radius at which a person would be exposed
t o t he allowable radiat ion.
Allow a ble r a dia t ion int e nsit y:
Allowable radiat ion int ensit y at t he specified m inim um
radius. Default : * 1,500* BTU/ H/ SF [ * 4,500* W/ M2]
Ga s he a t cont e n t :
Default : * 20,000* BTU/ LB [ * 46,500* KJ/ KG]
Horizont al ground flare includes flare t ip and horizont al H ORI ZON TAL
st ack ( 30 FEET [ 10 M] ) only; burn pit not included.
Design based upon process condit ions or sizes.
This is an inexpensive flaring arrangem ent if land is
plent iful and cheap.
She ll m a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
Ga s m a ss flow r a t e :
Ent er eit her m ass flow rat e or diam et er and lengt h
( height ) of flare.
D ia m e t e r Bot t om se ct ion :
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a. Max: 96 I NCHES [ 2,400 MM]
Le ngt h Bot t om se ct ion:
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a.
D ia m e t e r M iddle se ct ion:
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a. Max: 96 I NCHES [ 2,400 MM]
Le n gt h M iddle se ct ion :
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a.
D ia m e t e r Top se ct ion :
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a. Max: 96 I NCHES [ 2,400 MM]
- Cont inued on next page -
16-8
1 6 Fla r e s a n d St a ck s ( G6 )
Fla r e s ( FLR) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
H ORI ZON TAL - cont inued
Le n gt h Top se ct ion :
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a.
Ga s t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : * 100* DEG F [ * 40* DEG C]
M ole cula r w e ight : Default : * 40*
Th ick ne ss Bot t om se ct ion :
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a.
Th ick ne ss M iddle se ct ion :
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a.
Th ick ne ss Top se ct ion:
For single diam et er st acks, ent er dim ensions in bot t om
sect ion dat a.
Pe r ce nt sonic ve locit y a t e x it :
Ent er gas exit velocit y as a percent of sonic velocit y.
Default : * 20* .
Fla r e t ype : Default : * SMOKELESS*
SMOKELESS- St andard sm okeless flare
AI R ASSI ST- Air assist ed sm okeless flare
NONSMOKE- Non- sm okeless flare
Ra dius r a dia t ion int e nsit y:
Minim um radius at which a person would be exposed
t o t he allowable radiat ion.
Allow a ble r a dia t ion int e nsit y:
Allowable radiat ion int ensit y at t he specified m inim um
radius. Default : * 1,500* BTU/ H/ SF [ * 4,500* W/ M2]
Ga s he a t cont e n t :
Default : * 20,000* BTU/ LB [ * 46,500* KJ/ KG]
Recuperat ive t herm al oxidizer for low concent rat ion
non- chlorinat ed wast e gas.
TH RM OX LC
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel)
St a n da r d ga s loa d r a t e :
Low concent rat ion non- chlorinat ed wast e gas; burner,
box, st ack, exchanger blower. Max: 20,000 CFM
Ga s he a t cont e n t :
Default : * 13.00* BTU/ CF [ * 484* KJ/ M3]
Ga s ox yge n con t e n t :
Min: 0.0; Default : * 14.00*
1 6 Fla r e s a n d St a ck s ( G6 )
16-9
Fla r e s ( FLR) - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Vapor cont rol flare for st orage and loading. I ncludes
st ack, burners, seal drum , flare, sensors, et c.
STORAGE
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
St a n da r d ga s loa d r a t e :
Max: 12,000 GPM [ 775 L/ S]
Ga s he a t cont e n t :
Min: 50 BTU/ CF [ 1,860 KJ/ M3] ;
Default : * 50* BTU/ CF [ 1860 KJ/ M3]
St a ck s ( STK)
D e scr ipt ion
Type
St ack height t o 200 FEET [ 60 M] and diam et er t o 60
I NCHES [ 1500 MM] .
STACK
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
H e igh t :
Range: 30 - 200 FEET [ 10 - 60 M]
D ia m e t e r :
Range: 24 - 96 I NCHES [ 600 - 2,400 MM]
16-10
1 6 Fla r e s a n d St a ck s ( G6 )
1 7 I n t r odu ct ion t o Pla n t
Bu lk s
( G6 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
I nt roduct ion t o Plant Bulks
List of Plant Bulks
1 7 I n t r odu ct ion t o Pla n t Bu lk s ( G6 )
17-1
I n t r odu ct ion t o Pla n t Bu lk s
Plant bulk it em s are t hose m at erials or non- pr ocess equipm ent it em s t hat
provide support or services t o process equipm ent wit hin a unit area, such as
yard pipe and duct , concret e t anks, pipe rack, inst rum ent panels, elect rical
cable t rays, insulat ion and paint .
List of Pla n t Bu lk s
The following is a list of plant bulks by chapt er. The plant bulk descript ions in
Chapt ers 18 t hrough 24 include som e of t he ent ry fields for defining plant
bulks. The descript ions include t he m inim um and m axim um values and t he
default s. Default values appear bet ween ast erisks ( * ) .
17-2
1 7 I n t r oduct ion t o Pla n t Bu lk s ( G6 )
Ch a pt e r 1 8 : Pipin g
-
YARD PI PE
PI PE
UTI L PI PE
RCON PI PE
DUCT RD
DUCT SQ
EQPT TRACE
PI PE TRACE
LAUNDER SQ
LAUNDER RD
COAT WRAP
HOT TAP
SCRAPER LR
WELL HEAD
HDPE
SPRNK
FOAM
SPHOS
WSHWR
FLO PANEL
Above grade or buried yard piping
Above grade or buried piping
Ut ilit y pipe and ut ilit y st at ions
Buried concret e pipe
Round duct wit h hangers
Square duct wit h hangers
Fluid heat t racing for equipm ent
Fluid heat t racing for pipe
Square or rect angular launders
Half round launders
Coat ing and wrapping of buried pipe
Hot t ap of product ion pipe for branch
Perm anent scraper launcher and receiver
Pipe, valve and fit t ings at a well head
High densit y polyet hylene pipe, fusion bonded
Sprinkler syst em ( wat er / wat er+ foam )
Foam fire syst em s
St andpipe and hose fire syst em s
Em ergency eyewash and shower unit s
Sanit ary flow diversion panel
Ch a pt e r 1 9 : Civil
-
ABVGR TANK
BELGR TANK
CONCRETE
SCAFFOLD
TRENCH
CONTAI NMNT
DI KE MEMBR
YARD PI PE
PI PE
HDPE
RCON PI PE
BUI LDI NG
LI NI NG
PI PE RACK
PI PE SUPPT
1 7 I n t r odu ct ion t o Pla n t Bu lk s ( G6 )
Above grade concret e t ank
Below grade concret e t ank
Foundat ions, slabs, ot her concret e it em s
Scaffold erect ion and dism ant ling
Drainage t rench for paved areas
Tank cont ainm ent - concret e paving, wall
Tank cont ainm ent - dike and geom em brane
Above grade or buried yard piping
Above grade or buried piping
High densit y polyet hylene pipe, fusion bonded
Buried concret e pipe
Building
Organic, m et allic, abrasion resist . lining
Pipe rack
Tee or bent t ype pipe sleepers
17-3
Ch a pt e r 2 0 : St e e l
-
OPN STL ST
PI PE RACK
PI PE SUPPT
MI LL BLDG
PLATFORM
GALLERY
TRNS TOWER
GRATE
LADDER
STAI R
MI SC STEEL
FABR PLATE
SI DI NG
SAN PLATFM
Open st eel st ruct ure
Pipe rack
Tee or bent t ype pipe sleepers
Mult iple- bay m ill building
Elevat ed access plat form - com plet e
Gallery for pipe, conveyor, personnel
Conveyor t ransfer t ower
St eel grat e - less support st ruct ure
St eel ladders
St airs wit h grat e, t reads and handrail
Miscellaneous st eel it em s
Fabricat ed st eel plat e it em s
Siding and roofing for st eel st ruct ures
Sanit ary plat form
Ch a pt e r 2 1 : I n st r u m e n t a t ion
-
17-4
I NST PANEL
I NST TRAY
I NST WI RE
PNU TUBI NG
THCPL WI RE
JUNC BOX
MULTI CONT
HL PI U
LL PI U
DATA HI WAY
OPER CENT
I nst rum ent panel - analog
I nst rum ent cable t ray
I nst rum ent elect ronic t ransm ission wire
I nst rum ent pneum at ic t ubing runs
Therm ocouple wire runs
I nst rum ent j unct ion box
Mult ifunct ion cont rollers
High energy level process int erface unit
Low energy level process int erface unit
Dat a highway cable
Operat or cent er
1 7 I n t r oduct ion t o Pla n t Bu lk s ( G6 )
Ch a pt e r 2 2 : Ele ct r ica l
General
-
ELEC CABLE
CONDUI T
ELEC TRAY
EQPT TRACE
PI PE TRACE
GRND GRI D
AREA LI GHT
CTRL CABLE
DEEP ANODE
GALV ANODE
SURF ANODE
POT TEST
RECTI FI ER
SOLAR PANL
EMER LI GHT
CABLE DUCT
Elect rical power cable run ( 3 or 4 wire)
Elect rical conduit
Elect rical cable t ray
Elect rical t racing for equipm ent
Elect rical t racing for pipe
Ground grid
Area light ing on poles
Elect rical cont rol cable runs ( 600 v)
Group of anodes in deep well
I ndividual galvanic anode
Group of anodes in shallow surface bed
Pot ent ial m easurem ent t est st at ion
Transform er/ rect ifier
Solar panel wit h st orage bat t eries
Em ergency light wit h bat t ery
Underground cable duct
Subst at ion
-
BUS DUCT
TRANSFORM
OI L C BRKR
DI SCNCT SW
POLE LI NE
SUBSTN STL
BREAKER
MCC
SWI TCH BRD
AC DC TRAN
PKG TRANSF
EM PWR SET
UPS
PF CORRECT
1 7 I n t r odu ct ion t o Pla n t Bu lk s ( G6 )
Bus duct
Elect rical t ransform er: 1 or 2 t ap
Oil circuit breakers
Disconnect swit ch
Power pole lines
St eel for subst at ion st ruct ure
Current breaker: m ain, feeder, t ie
Mot or cont rol cent er
Swit ch board
AC/ DC Transform er
Package t ransform er wit h panel
Em ergency diesel generat or
Unint errupt ed power supply
Power fact or connect ion capacit or
17-5
Ch a pt e r 2 3 : I n su la t ion a n d Fir e poofin g
-
I NSUL AREA
I NSUL PI PE
FI REP AREA
FI REP SSTL
General area insulat ion
Pipe insulat ion
General area fireproofing
St ruct ural st eel fireproofing
Ch a pt e r 2 4 : Pa in t
- PAI NT AREA
- PAI NT PI PE
- PAI NT SSTL
17-6
General area paint ing
Pipe paint ing
St ruct ural st eel paint ing
1 7 I n t r oduct ion t o Pla n t Bu lk s ( G6 )
1 8 Pipin g
( G1 0 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
Piping Plant Bulks
How I carus Calculat es I nsulat ion Lengt h on Piping
Trapping Dist ances ( St eam )
Pipe Tem perat ure Procedure
Pipe I nsulat ion Mat erial Procedure
Pipe I nsulat ion Thickness Procedure
Pipe Paint Procedure
No. of Paint Coat s Procedure
Pipe Diam et ers
Pipe Schedule
St andard Equat ions for Pipe Diam et er ( Old)
St andard Equat ions for Pipe Diam et er ( New)
Ut ilit y Piping Services
Ut ilit y St at ion Diagram
Default Piping Mat erials
Pipe Mat erials - Ferrous Mat erials
Carbon St eel
API Pipe
High Alloy St eel
Pipe Mat erials - Non- Ferrous Mat erials
Non - Ferrous Mat erials
Plast ic and Resin Mat erials
Lined St eel Pipe
Spool Types
Rem ot e & Field Shop Piping Procedures for Various Mat erials
Rem ot e Shop Piping Procedures
Sm all Bore Piping Procedures
I carus’ Pipe Fabricat ion, Erect ion and Test ing Procedures
- Cont inued on next page -
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
1
Valve and Fit t ing Opt ions for I nst allat ion Bulk Piping
Valve Trim Specificat ions
2
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s
Piping plant bulks include t ransfer lines, ut ilit y piping, duct and t ubed t racing.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Transfer lines, yard pipe runs, above/ below grade
I nsulat ed and t raced pipe runs.
YARD PI PE
For above- grade piping, hangers are supplied, but
support st eel, pipe racks, et c. m ust be specified
elsewhere.
I f buried pipe is specified, t renching, coat ing,
wrapping, sand bed and backfilling is provided.
Cust om pipe spe c:
Ent er eit her Cust om Pipe Spec ( see Design Basis) or
Mat erial, not bot h.
Pipe m a t e r ia l:
Ent er eit her Cust om Pipe Spec ( see Design Basis) or
Mat erial, not bot h. See piping m at erials list ed lat er in
t his chapt er. Default : * CS* .
Le n gt h:
Min: 1.0 FEET [ 0.35 M]
Pipe dia m e t e r :
Range: 0.5 - 72 I NCHES DI AM [ 15 - 1,800 MM DI AM]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
Default : det erm ined from Cust om Pipe Spec or 150
PSI G [ 1,000 KPA] .
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : det erm ined from Cust om Pipe Spec or 68 DEG
F [ 20 DEG C] .
Pipe t h ick n e ss:
Leave blank if schedule is specified.
Pipe sche du le or ga u ge :
Leave blank if t hickness is specified.
STD - St andard wall pipe 100 - Pipe schedule
XS - Ext ra- st rong pipe
120 - Pipe schedule
XXS - Double ext ra- st rong 140 - Pipe schedule
5 - Pipe schedule
160 - Pipe schedule
- Cont inued on next page -
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
3
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
YARD PI PE - cont inued
10 - Pipe schedule
7G - SS gauge pipe only
20 - Pipe schedule
10G- SS gauge pipe only
30- Pipe schedule
11G - SS gauge pipe only
40 - Pipe schedule
12G- SS gauge pipe only
60 - Pipe schedule
14G- SS gauge pipe only
80- Pipe schedule
Fla n ge cla ss:
Default : det erm ined from cust om spec or pipe
m at erial, t em perat ure and pressure.
150- Class 150
300- Class 300
600- Class 600
900- Class 900
1500- Class 1500
2500- Class 2500
125- Class 125 WOG
250- Class 250 WOG
Configu r a t ion :
Default : * ABOVE*
ABOVE- Above- grade
BURI ED- Buried
D e pt h bur ie d pipe :
Below grade dept h t o t op of pipe for buried pipe only.
This is t he dist ance from grade level t o t he t op of t he
buried pipe. The t rench dept h is det erm ined by t he
below grade dept h, t he pipe diam et er and sand bed ( 6
I NCHES [ 150 MM] in dept h) . Range: 24 - 120 I NCHES
[ 600 - 3,000 MM] . The default value will be t aken as
36 I NCHES [ 1,000 MM] m inim ally, or t he dept h of
foot ings specified for general civil dat a.
Bur ie d D e pt h:
Default : 36 I NCHES [ 1,000 MM]
Spe cia l pipe de scr ipt ion:
I nsulat ion, t racing, j acket ing opt ions. Default :
* NONE*
PPROT- Personnel prot ect ion insulat ion. The syst em
will generat e 1.00 I NCH of personnel prot ect ion for
100 percent of t he pipe. This opt ion can be used in
conj unct ion wit h t he Pe r sonne l pr ot e ct field, which
allows t he user t o t ell t he syst em how m uch pipe t o
insulat e.
For inst ance, if t he user only needs 25 FEET of a 100
FEET run of pipe t o be personnel prot ect ed, t he user
can input t he percent age in t he Pe r son n e l pr ot e ct
field. The syst em would generat e 25 FEET plus wast e.
- Cont inued on next page -
4
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
YARD PI PE - cont inued
The t hickness of t he personnel prot ect ion insulat ion
generat ed will always be 1.00 I NCH.
AC-T- Ant i- condensat ion insulat ion/ t ube t racer
AC- E- Ant i- condensat ion insulat ion/ elec t racer
FP-T- Freeze prot ect ion insulat ion/ t ube t racer
FP- E- Freeze prot ect ion insulat ion/ elec t racer
FULL- Fully j acket ed pipe ( see illust rat ion)
EXPD- Exposed- weld j acket ed pipe ( see illust rat ion)
T- SP- Spiral t raced/ t ube conn./ no cem ent
T- SPC- Spiral t raced/ t ube conn./ heat cem ent
P- SP- Spiral t raced/ pipe conn./ no cem ent
P- SPC- Spiral t raced/ pipe conn./ heat cem ent
T- LO- Longit . t raced/ t ube conn./ no cem ent
T- LOC- Longit . t raced/ t ube conn./ heat cem ent
P- LO- Longit . t raced/ pipe conn./ no cem ent
P- LOC- Longit . t raced/ pipe conn./ heat cem ent
E-AMB- Elect rical t raced/ am bient t em p cont rol
E- PRO- Elect rical t raced/ process t em p cont rol
STAND- St andard heat or cold insulat ion
St e a m ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
St eam supply pressure for t raced or j acket ed pipe
only. Default : * 25* PSI G [ * 175* KPA]
E- Tr a ce m a int e n a nce t e m pe r a t u r e :
For elect rical t racing - process m aint enance
t em perat ure; Max: 250 DEG F [ 120 DEG C] over
am bient . Default : 220 DEG F [ 105 DEG C]
W e ld X- r a y% :
Min: 100; Default : See Area Design Basis.
N u m be r of e lbow s: Default : * 0*
N u m be r of r e du ce r s: Default : * 0*
N u m be r of t e e s: Default : * 0*
N u m be r of fla n ge s:
Ent er num ber of flanges in addit ion t o t hose for valves.
Default : * 0*
N u m be r of blinds: Default : * 0*
N um be r of spe ct a cle blinds: Default : * 0*
N u m be r of t hr e a dle ss: Default : * 0*
N u m be r of ga t e va lve s: Default : * 0*
N um be r of globe va lve s: Default : * 0*
- Cont inued on next page -
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
5
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
YARD PI PE - cont inued
N um be r of ba ll va lve s: Default : * 0*
N um be r of but t e r fly va lve s: Default : * 0*
N u m be r of ch e ck va lve s: Default : * 0*
N u m be r of con t r ol va lve s:
Size: sam e as pipe size t o 4 I NCHES [ 100 MM] ,
sm aller t han pipe ot herwise. Default : * 0* . See
“ Cont rol Valve Opt ions” in Chapt er 21 for default size
reduct ions.
N u m be r of sa fe t y va lve s: Default : * 0*
N um be r of r e gula t ing va lve s: Default : * 0*
N u m be r of a n gle va lve s: Default : * 0*
N um be r of plug va lve s: Default : * 0*
N um be r of or ifice pla t e s: Default : * 0*
N o. Kn ife Ga t e Va lve : Default : * 0*
Pe r sonn e l pr ot e ct :
Personnel prot ect ion percent coverage.
For exam ple, if out of 50 FEET run of pipe, 12.5 FEET
needs personnel prot ect ion, ent er “ 25” in t his field.
The syst em will t hen generat e 12.5 FEET of personnel
prot ect ion plus wast e. The t hickness of t he personnel
prot ect ion insulat ion generat ed will always be 1.00
I NCH. Default : * 100* .
N ot e : You m ust select PPROT in t he Spe cia l Pipe
D e scr . field before t he syst em will use t he personnel
prot ect ion.
Cont r ol va lve m inim um cla ss:
For fluid cont rol valves only. Default : * 3* .
3- Minim um 300 class fluid cont rol valve
1- Minim um 150 class fluid cont rol valve
Con t r ol va lve r e du ce d size :
Fluid posit ioning CV only. Default : reduced 0 t o 4 line
sizes based on size.
L- Line size cont rol valves
R- St andard size cont rol valves
Above grade or buried piping
PI PE
Pipe m a t e r ia l:
Ent er eit her Cust om Pipe Spec ( see Design Basis) or
Mat erial, not bot h. Default : from cust om spec,
connect ed equipm ent or CS.
Pipe le n gt h :
Min: 1.0 FEET [ 0.35 M]
Pipe dia m e t e r :
Range: 0.5 - 72 I NCHES DI AM [ 15 - 1,800 MM DI AM]
6
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
PI PE - cont inued
PI PE
Fluid ph a se :
* G* - Gas
L- Liquid
S- St eam
( ent er desired flow rat e below)
Liquid flow r a t e :
Ent er diam et er or liquid flow rat e or gas flow rat e.
Ga s flow r a t e :
Ent er diam et er or liquid flow rat e or gas flow rat e.
Fluid de nsit y:
Default based on fluid phase:
Gas Phase: 0.0674 PCF [ 1.08 KCM]
Liquid Phase: 62.4 PCF [ 1000 KCM)
St eam Phase: Calculat ed as t he inverse of specific
volum e, which is calculat ed from design pressure and
t em perat ure as described under “ St eam Lines” in t he
St andard Equat ions for Pipe Diam et er sect ion.
Fluid viscosit y:
Default based on fluid phase:
Gas phase: 0.025 CPOI SE ( 0.025 m illipascal- second)
Liquid Phase: 1.0 CPOI SE ( 1.0 m illipascal- second)
St eam Phase: Calculat ed using an int ernal funct ion of
design pressure and design t em perat ure in which, for
a design pressure of 150 PSI G ( ~ 1000 KPA) and a
design t em perat ure of 250 DEG F ( 120 DEG C) ,
default value is calculat ed t o be 0.013 CPOI SE.
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
Default : det erm ined from Cust om Pipe Spec or 150
PSI G [ 1,000 KPA] .
D e sign t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : det erm ined from Cust om Pipe Spec or 68
DEG F [ 20 DEG C] .
Ope r a t ing t e m pe r a t ur e :
Default : sam e as design t em perat ure.
- Cont inued on next page-
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
7
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
PI PE - cont inued
Pipe sche du le or ga u ge :
Ent er t hickness or schedule/ gauge, not bot h. Default :
calculat ed from m at erial t em perat ure, pressure.
STD- St andard wall pipe100- Pipe schedule
XS- Ext ra- st rong pipe120- Pipe schedule
XXS- Double ext ra- st rong140- Pipe schedule
5- Pipe schedule160- Pipe schedule
10- Pipe schedule7G- SS gauge pipe only
20- Pipe schedule10G- SS gauge pipe only
30- Pipe schedule11G- SS gauge pipe only
40- Pipe schedule12G- SS gauge pipe only
60- Pipe schedule14G- SS gauge pipe only
80- Pipe schedule
Va lve s a nd fit t ings:
Ent er t ype and quant it y of each valve and fit t ing
required for t his line.
Pipe t ype :
CS and SS only. Default : cust om / m at erial spec if
ent ered, or else welded.
W- Welded pipe
S- Seam less pipe
Fla nge t ype :
Default : see proj ect design basis
W- Weld- neck
S- Slip- on
B- Lap flanges and st ub t o 12 I NCHES ( 300 MM) , or
else weld- neck
N ot e : When Flange Type " Lap Flange + St ub" is used,
t here is a line it em called " FLG BU" in t he it em
descript ion in t he report , which includes t he cost for
bot h t he backup flange and t he st ub.
Fla n ge cla ss:
Default : det erm ined from cust om spec or pipe
m at erial, t em perat ure and pressure.
150- Class 150
300- Class 300
600- Class 600
900- Class 900
1500- Class 1500
2500- Class 2500
125- Class 125 WOG
250- Class 250 WOG
- Cont inued on next page -
8
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
PI PE - cont inued
Be nd for e lbow :
Subst it ut e pipe bends for any specified elbow ( up t o
12 I NCH [ 300 MM] pipe only) .
* E* - Elbow
B- Bend inst ead of elbowBr a n ch for t e e :
Subst it ut e fabricat ed branch nozzles for any specified
t ees.
* T* -Tee
B- Branch
Pipe conn e ct or t ype :
Default : see proj ect design basis
SW- Socket weld connect ions; m ax: 2 I NCHES ( 50
MM)
SB- Screw and backweld; m ax: 2 I NCHES ( 50 MM)
SC- Screw ( no backweld) ; m ax: 2 I NCHES ( 50 MM)
WF- Weld pipe / flange valves
WW- Weld pipe / weld valves; m in: 2 I NCHES ( 50 MM)
VC- DI Vict aulic couplings
VS- SS Vict aulic couplings
PF- Press fit swage couplings; m ax: 2 I NCHES ( 50
MM)
TC- Tri- clover sanit ary; m ax: 4 I NCHES ( 100 MM)
CB- Cherry- Burrel sanit ary; m ax: 4 I NCHES ( 100 MM)
N u m be r of w e lds:
Default : det erm ined from pipe lengt h and com binat ion
of valves and fit t ings
Con t r ol va lve r e du ce d size :
Fluid cont rol valve only; default : reduced 0- 4 sizes
except BVO and sanit ary valves
L- Line size cont rol valves
R- St andard size cont rol valves
Cont r ol va lve m inim um cla ss:
For fluid cont rol valves only. Default : * 3* .
3- Minim um 300 class fluid cont rol valve
1- Minim um 150 class fluid cont rol valve
W e ld X- r a y:
Default : see proj ect design basis
St r e ss r e lie f:
C- Piping st ress relief if code requires
Y- St ress relieve all piping
N- No piping st ress relief required
Spe cia l pipe de scr ipt ion:
Default : * NONE*
- Cont inued on next page -
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
9
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
PI PE - cont inued
STAND- St andard heat or cold insulat ion
PPROT- Personnel prot ect ion insulat ion. The syst em
will generat e 1.00 I NCH of personnel prot ect ion for
100 percent of t he pipe. This opt ion can be used in
conj unct ion wit h t he Pe r son ne l pr ot e ct ion field,
which allows t he user t o t ell t he syst em how m uch
pipe t o insulat e. For inst ance, if t he user only needs 25
FEET of a 100 FEET run of pipe t o be personnel
prot ect ed, t he user can input t he percent age in t he
Pe r sonn e l pr ot e ct ion field. The syst em would
generat e 25 FEET plus wast e. The t hickness of t he
personnel prot ect ion insulat ion generat ed will always
be 1.00 I NCH.
AC-T- Ant i- condensat ion insulat ion/ t ube t racer
AC- E- Ant i- condensat ion insulat ion/ elec t racer
FP-T- Freeze prot ect ion insulat ion/ t ube t racer
FP- E- Freeze prot ect ion insulat ion/ elec t racer
FULL- Fully j acket ed pipe ( see illust rat ion)
EXPD- Exposed- weld j acket ed pipe ( see illust rat ion)
T- SP- Spiral t raced/ t ube conn./ no cem ent
T- SPC- Spiral t raced/ t ube conn./ heat cem ent
P- SP- Spiral t raced/ pipe conn./ no cem ent
P- SPC- Spiral t raced/ pipe conn./ heat cem ent
T- LO- Longit . t raced/ t ube conn./ no cem ent
T- LOC- Longit . t raced/ t ube conn./ heat cem ent
P- LO- Longit . t raced/ pipe conn./ no cem ent
P- LOC- Longit . t raced/ pipe conn./ heat cem ent
E-AMB- Elect rical t raced/ am bient t em p cont rol
E- PRO - Elect rical t raced/ process t em p cont rol
E- Tr a ce m a int e n a nce t e m pe r a t u r e :
For elect rical t racing - process m aint enance
t em perat ure. Default : 392 DEG F [ 200 DEG C] for M
series cable and 220 DEG F [ 105 DEG C]
for self- regulat ing cable. Max: 250 DEG F [ 120 DEG C]
for self- regulat ing cable and 1049 DEG F [ 565 DEG C]
for MI cable over low am bient t em perat ure.
- Cont inued on next page -
10
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
PI PE - cont inued
E- t r a ce ca ble t ype : Use A series t o 120 DEG F[ 48
DEG C] , P series t o 250 DEG F[ 120 DEG C] and M
series t o 1049 DEG F [ 565 DEG C] over low am bient
t em perat ure.
3A 3 W/ FT ( 10 W/ M) Chem elex BTV2- CT cable
5A 5 W/ FT ( 16 W/ M) Chem elex BTV2- CT cable
8A 8 W/ FT ( 26 W/ M) Chem elex BTV2- CT cable
10A 10 W/ FT( 33 W/ M) Chem elex BTV2- CT cable
5P 5 W/ FT ( 16 W/ M) Chem elex XTV2- CT cable
10P 10 W/ FT ( 33 W/ M) Chem elex XTV2- CT cable
15P 15 W/ FT ( 49 W/ M) Chem elex XTV2- CT cable
20P 20 W/ FT ( 65 W/ M) Chem elex XTV2- CT cable
M2 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 9 OHM/ FT [ 29.5
OHM/ M]
M4 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 4.14 OHM/ FT
[ 13.6 OHM/ M]
M6 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 1.15 OHM/ FT
[ 3.77 OHM/ M]
M8 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 0.505 OHM/ FT
[ 1.66 OHM/ M]
M10 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 0.2 OHM/ FT
[ 0.656 OHM/ M]
M12 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 0.1 OHM/ FT
[ 0.328 OHM/ M]
M14 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 0.0561 OHM/ FT
[ 0.184 OHM/ M]
M16 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 0.0281 OHM/ FT
[ 0.0922 OHM/ M]
M18 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 0.013 OHM/ FT
[ 0.042 OHM/ M]
M20 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 0.00516 OHM/ FT
[ 0.016 OHM/ M]
E- t r a ce ca ble ca t e gor y:
Default : * S* , self- regulat ing cable
Select M for MI t racing cable or S for self- regulat ing
t racing cable.
H e a t t r a ce fluid:
STM- St eam t rapped
OTHR- Ot her fluid / no t raps
Valve packing or seal:
* S* - St andard valve packing
E- Environm ent al ( double st em )
B- Bellows seal SV/ GL/ GA else environm ent al
packing
- Cont inued on next page -
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
11
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
PI PE - cont inued
Pipe sa ndbla st pe r ce n t of a r e a :
Default : 100% ; see design basis
Pipe insula t ion t hick ne ss:
Default from insulat ion schedule and unit area specs
( see m inim um insulat ion t em perat ure)
Pipe insula t ion j a ck e t t ype :
Default : see proj ect design basis; AL, SS, CS.
Pipe insula t ion t ype :
Default : see proj ect design basis
CA- Calcium silicat e
MW- Mineral wool
FG- Foam - glass
Pe r sonn e l pr ot e ct ion :
Personnel prot ect ion percent coverage.
For exam ple, if out of 50 FEET run of pipe, 12.5 FEET
needs personnel prot ect ion, ent er “ 25” in t his field.
The syst em will t hen generat e 12.5 FEET of personnel
prot ect ion plus wast e. The t hickness of t he personnel
prot ect ion insulat ion generat ed will always be 1.00
I NCH. Default : see unit area pipe specs.
N ot e : You m ust select PPROT in t he Spe cia l Pipe
D e scr . field before t he syst em will use t he personnel
prot ect ion.
Pipe inst a lla t ion opt ion:
Default : above ground pipe or support s on rack
( specified elsewhere)
* A* - Above ground piping
B - Buried piping
D e pt h bur ie d pipe :
Min: 24.0 I NCHES [ 600.0 MM] ; Max: 120 I NCHES
[ 3000.0 MM] . Below grade dept h t o t op of pipe for
buried pipe only. Default : syst em calculat ed.
St e a m ga u ge pr e ss:
Max: 25 PSI G [ 175 KPA] . St eam supply pressure for
t raced or j acket ed pipe.
- Cont inued on next page -
12
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
PI PE - cont inued
Pipe r ou t in g t ype :
Specify pipe rout ing t ype t o be used from t he ext ernal
fit t ing specs file specified at t he design basis level ( see
your soft ware user ’s guide for inst ruct ions on where t o
specify t he file nam e) .
AGU- Above ground unit piping
AGR- Above ground rack piping
UGU- Under ground unit piping
MRP- Machine room piping
OTP- Miscellaneous piping
Once a pipe rout ing t ype is specified, t he syst em uses
t he dat a in t he ext ernal fit t ing specs file for t he valve
rules, fit t ing rules, horizont al allowance, vert ical
allowance and t he diam et er size definit ion. Pipe
rout ing t ype is m eant t o refer t o t he locat ion of t he
piping. However, t he above descript ions are for
reference only; using t he fit t ing specs file, t he user
cont rols t he cont ext of t he rules and can assign
m eaning at his discret ion.
The available fit t ing specs files are list ed in t he
PI PEDATA.SET file t hat t he user places in t he m ain
PI DS folder: [ I carus soft ware folder] \ PI DS. The user
set s up t his file by copying t he PI PEDATA.SET provided
in t he [ I carus soft ware folder] \ New Files\ dat \ pids
folder t o t he m ain PI DS folder. The user can edit t he
PI PEDATA.SET file in a t rue t ext edit or, such as
Not epad, adding fit t ing specs files sim ply by t yping in
t he file nam es.
I f t he user has not set up t his file, t hen t he syst em
will look for a file called FI TSPC.DAT. I f available, t his
file will be used as t he fit t ing specs file. I f not , a set of
default rules will be used. A default FI TSPC.DAT file is
available at [ I carus soft ware folder] / New Files/ dat /
pids. This file can be copied, edit ed, and used as a
basis for alt ernat e fit t ing specs files. Fit t ing specs files
m ust be list ed in t he PI PEDATA.SET file and placed in
t he m ain PI DS folder.
See Figure FI TSPC.DAT for an illust rat ion explaining
t he dat a in t he FI TSPC.DAT file.
- Cont inued on next page -
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
13
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
PI PE - cont inued
Fit t ing r ule s a pplica t ion:
Select whet her t o use t he fit t ing rules.
Y- Use fit t ing rules for t he t ype of piping
N - Do not use fit t ing rules
Fit t ing and valve rules are specified in t he ext ernal
fit t ing specs file ( see illust rat ion on following page) ,
select ed at t he proj ect design basis level. Fit t ing and
valve codes are available in Valve and Fit t ing Opt ions
for I nst allat ion Bulk Piping in t his chapt er. You put in
t he num ber of each valve and fit t ing t ype per 100 feet
( 30 m et ers) . The lengt h used in t hese calculat ions is
aft er t he horizont al and vert ical adj ust m ent s have
been account ed for.
Va lve r u le s a pplica t ion :
Select whet her t o use t he fit t ing and/ or valve rules.
Y- Use valve rules for t he t ype of piping
N - Do not use valve rules
Fit t ing and valve rules are specified in t he ext ernal
fit t ing specs file ( see illust rat ion on following page) ,
select ed at t he proj ect design basis level. Fit t ing and
valve codes are available in Valve and Fit t ing Opt ions
for I nst allat ion Bulk Piping in t his chapt er. Users put in
t he num ber of each valve and fit t ing t ype per 100 feet
( 30 m et ers) . The lengt h used in t hese calculat ions is
aft er t he horizont al and vert ical adj ust m ent s have
been account ed for.
- Cont inued on next page -
14
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
Figur e FI TSPC.D AT
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
15
N ot e : The user specifies four set s of diam et er sizes, and four set s of fit t ing/
valve rules for each rout ing t ype. The user specifies only one set of allowance
rules per rout ing t ype.
N ot e : THe user is not lim it ed t o t he first eight colum ns for fit t ings or t o t he
last eight colum ns for valves; t his is j ust t he suggest ed use of t he colum ns.
The t ot al percent age dist ribut ion should equal 100, but does not need t o be t he syst em will not crash if t he dist ribut ion is not 100% .
Always edit t he FI TSPC.DAT file using a t r ue t ext edit or such as Not epad or
EDI TPLUS ( shareware) .
To use a specific fit t ing specs file, add it t o PI PEDATA.SET and m ove it t o t he /
PI DS direct ory. Then, select it at t he base level ( see soft ware’s user guide) . To
use t his file wit h piping, add t he above/ below grade pipe it em ( PI PE) and
select one of t he piping rout ing t ypes in t he form . Once t he rout ing t ype is
select ed, t he syst em will use t he file for t his piping it em .
The user m ay select alt ernat ive fit t ing specificat ion files by changing t he fit t ing
specificat ion file nam e at t he design basis level.
16
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
PI PE - cont inued
H or izon t a l a llow a n ce :
Select whet her t o use horizont al allowance.
Y- Use horizont al allowance for t he t ype of piping
N- Do not use horizont al allowance
Horizont al allowance is specified for each piping
rout ing t ype in t he ext ernal fit t ing specificat ion file. An
ent ry of “ 100” m eans t he syst em will not adj ust t he
input lengt h, whereas an ent ry of “ 150” will increase
t he input lengt h by 50 percent .
Ve r t ica l a llow a nce :
Select whet her t o use vert ical allowance.
Y- Use vert ical allowance for t he t ype of piping
N - Do not use vert ical allowance
Vert ical allowance is specified for each piping rout ing
t ype in t he ext ernal fit t ing specificat ion file. An ent ry of
“ 100” m eans t he syst em will not adj ust t he input
lengt h, whereas an ent ry of “ 150” will increase t he
input lengt h by 50 percent .
Pr im a r y e quipm e nt use r t a g:
User t ag of t he prim ary ( i.e., upst ream ) equipm ent t o
which t his pipe is connect ed. Default : NONE.
Pr im a r y e quipm e nt conne ct ion:
Connect ion locat ion of t he pipe on t he prim ary ( i.e.,
upst ream ) equipm ent ; Default : not connect ed
< Blank> .
< Blank> - not connect ed t o any equipm ent
S- connect ed t o shell of equipm ent
U- connect ed t o t ube side of equipm ent
J- connect ed t o j acket of equipm ent
B- connect ed t o bot t om of double diam et er t ower
T- connect ed t o t op of double diam et er t ower
Se conda r y e quipm e nt use r t a g:
User t ag of t he secondary ( i.e., downst ream )
equipm ent t o which t his pipe is connect ed. Default :
NONE.
Se conda r y e quipm e nt conne ct ion:
Connect ion locat ion of t he pipe on t he secondary ( i.e.,
downst ream ) equipm ent ; Default : not connect ed
< Blank> .
< Blank> - not connect ed t o any equipm ent
S- connect ed t o shell of equipm ent
U- connect ed t o t ube side of equipm ent
J- connect ed t o j acket of equipm ent
B- connect ed t o bot t om of double diam et er t ower
T- connect ed t o t op of double diam et er t ower
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
17
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
Ja ck e t Pipe I llust r a t ions
You can select j acket ing for PI PE and YARD PI PE under Special Pipe
Descript ion.
18
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Ut ilit y service lines, st at ions: st andard configurat ion
Ut ilit y headers: runs of pipe providing up t o 15
different services. Ut ilit y st at ion: short runs of sm allbore pipe providing local air, wat er, st eam and
condensat e drain services.
UTI L PI PE
Pipe m a t e r ia l:
See piping m at erials list ed lat er in t his chapt er.
Default : * CS* ( Carbon st eel) .
N u m be r u t ilit y st a t ion s:
A ut ilit y st at ion consist s of t hree 100 FEET [ 30 M] lines
of 1 I NCHES [ 25 MM] diam et er pipe for air, wat er and
st eam service, and one 50 FEET [ 15 M] condensat e
line of 0.75 I NCHES [ 20 MM] diam et er.
Default : * 1* . Ent er “ 0.0” t o exclude all ut ilit y st at ions.
Le n gt h pa r a m e t e r :
Pipe lengt hs = 1 x lengt h param et er, except firewat er
loop/ lat . = 2 x, hp st eam = 0.5 x. Default : 100 FEET
[ 30 M] .
Ut ilit y st a t ion dr op le ngt h:
Applies t o all ut ilit y st at ions described above.
Default : 100 FEET [ 30 M] for air, wat er, and st eam
service and 50 FEET [ 15 M] for condensat e ret urn.
H e a de r dia m e t e r sym bol:
Diam et er sym bol defines size of any line not specified.
See Ut ilit y Piping Services lat er in t his chapt er.
L- Low/ sm all diam et er
M- Medium diam et er
H- High/ large diam et er
V- Very large diam et er
Fir e w a t e r loop dia m e t e r :
Default : det erm ined by diam et er sym bol, ent er 0.0 t o
delet e if diam et er sym bol set .
Fir e w a t e r la t e r a l dia m e t e r :
Default : det erm ined by diam et er sym bol, ent er 0.0 t o
delet e if diam et er sym bol set .
Pot a ble w a t e r h e a de r dia m e t e r :
Default : det erm ined by diam et er sym bol, ent er 0.0 t o
delet e if diam et er sym bol set . Line will be insulat ed
based on locat ion:
US - uninsulat ed,
UK - insulat ed.
Coolin g w a t e r supply dia m e t e r :
Default : det erm ined by diam et er sym bol, ent er 0.0 t o
delet e if diam et er sym bol set . Line will be insulat ed
based on locat ion: US - uninsulat ed, UK - insulat ed.
- Cont inued on next page -
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
19
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
UTI L PI PE - cont inued
Cool w a t e r r e t u r n dia m e t e r :
Default : det erm ined by diam et er sym bol, ent er 0.0 t o
delet e if diam et er sym bol set . Line will be insulat ed
base on locat ion: US - uninsulat ed, UK - insulat ed.
Low Pr e ssur e ( LP) st e a m he a de r dia m e t e r :
Default : det erm ined by diam et er sym bol, ent er 0.0 t o
delet e if diam et er sym bol set .
M e dium Pr e ssur e ( M P) st e a m he a de r dia m e t e r :
Default : det erm ined by diam et er sym bol, ent er 0.0 t o
delet e if diam et er sym bol set .
H igh Pr e ssur e ( H P) st e a m he a de r dia m e t e r :
Default : det erm ined by diam et er sym bol, ent er 0.0 t o
delet e if diam et er sym bol set .
Conde nsa t e r e t ur n dia m e t e r :
Default : det erm ined by diam et er sym bol, ent er 0.0 t o
delet e if diam et er sym bol set .
Pla nt a ir he a de r dia m e t e r : Default : det erm ined by
diam et er sym bol, ent er 0.0 t o delet e if diam et er
sym bol set .
I n st r u m e n t a ir h e a de r dia m e t e r :
Default : det erm ined by diam et er sym bol, ent er 0.0 t o
delet e if diam et er sym bol set .
Fue l ga s h e a de r dia m e t e r : Default : det erm ined by
diam et er sym bol, ent er 0.0 t o delet e if diam et er
sym bol set .
I n e r t ga s h e a de r dia m e t e r :
Default : det erm ined by diam et er sym bol, ent er 0.0 t o
delet e if diam et er sym bol set .
Che m ica l se w e r dia m e t e r :
Default : det erm ined by diam et er sym bol, ent er 0.0 t o
delet e if diam et er sym bol set .
Fla r e h e a de r dia m e t e r :
Default : det erm ined by diam et er sym bol, ent er 0.0 t o
delet e if diam et er sym bol set .
Buried concret e pipe, m anholes, elbows, t ees: t rench, RCON PI PE
backfill I ncludes t renching and backfilling.
D ia m e t e r :
Range: 12 N u m be r of
N u m be r of
N u m be r of
20
98 I NCHES [ 300 - 2,450 MM]
m a n hole s: Default : * 0*
e lbow s: Default : * 0*
t e e s: Default : * 0*
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Process duct work, round
D UCT RD
St iffeners and support hangers are designed, but
support st eel, racks, et c. m ust be specified elsewhere.
D uct m a t e r ia l:
Default : * GALV*
GALV- Galvanized CS
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
AL- Alum inum
D uct dia m e t e r :
I f t he duct capacit y is specified, t he duct dim ension is
det erm ined from t he capacit y and t he gas velocit y. The
velocit y m ay be specified, or t he syst em uses a
variable velocit y bet ween 2000 and 4000 FPM [ 36600
- 72100 M/ H] depending on t he specified pressure.
The calculat ed duct dim ension is rounded t o a
st andard size.
D uct de sign pr e ssu r e :
Should be specified ( indicat e + or - ) for design of duct
t hickness and st iffeners; - 60 - 60 I NCHES H2O
[ 114,930 - 14,930 PA] . Default : * - 20* I NCHES H2O
[ * - 4,980* PA] .
D uct ga uge :
Leave blank if t hickness is ent ered; ent er t hickness if
t hicker t han 8 gauge. Range: 8 - 30.
D uct w a ll t hick ne ss:
Default : det erm ined by size and pressure, leave blank
if duct gauge num ber ent ered.
D uct cla ss:
The duct class indicat es t he quant it y and abrasiveness
of part iculat e m at erial. Default : * 1* .
1 - Non- abrasive applied.
2- Mod- abras./ lo concern.
3- Hi- abras.lo concern.
4- Hi- abras./ hi concern.
Configu r a t ion :
Seam configurat ion; applies t o class 1 duct only.
Default : * LONG*
LONG- Longit udinal seam
SPI R- Spiral seam
D uct insula t ion t hick ne ss:
Default : 0.0 I NCHES [ 0.0 MM] .
Pa r t icle de n sit y:
Densit y of concent rat ed part iculat es for duct classes 2,
3 and 4. Default : * 25* PCF [ * 400* KG/ M3] .
- Cont inued on next page -
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
21
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
D UCT RD - cont inued
St iffe n e r size :
Default : size and spacing det erm ined from duct
pressure, dim ensions and t hickness.
St iffe n e r spa cing:
Default : size and spacing det erm ined from duct
pressure, dim ensions and t hickness.
Suppor t w e ight :
Hanger weight ( each) ; support st eel, racks, et c. m ust
be specified elsewhere. The syst em det erm ines t he
support weight based on st andard spacing
of 12 FEET [ 3.5 M] and t he duct loads. The calculat ed
weight and spacing m ay be replaced wit h an input
weight and spacing.
Suppor t spa cin g: Default : * 12* FEET [ * 3.5* M] .
N u m be r of e lbow s: Default : * 0*
N u m be r of t e e s: Default : * 0*
N u m be r of r e du ce r s: Default : * 0*
N u m be r of da m pe r s: Default : * 0*
N u m be r of a cce ss door s: Default : * 0*
N um be r Fle x ible conne ct ion: Default : * 0*
Process duct work, square
D UCT SQ
St iffeners and support hangers are designed,
but support st eel, racks, et c. m ust be specified
elsewhere.
D uct m a t e r ia l:
Default : * GALV*
GALV- Galvanized CS
CS- Carbon st eel
SS- St ainless st eel
AL- Alum inum
D uct w idt h:
I f t he duct capacit y is specified, t he duct dim ension is
det erm ined from t he capacit y and t he gas velocit y.
The velocit y m ay be specified, t he syst em uses a
variable velocit y bet ween 2000 and 4000 FPM [ 36600
- 73100 M/ H] depending on t he specified pressure.
The calculat ed duct dim ension is rounded t o a
st andard size.
- Cont inued on next page -
22
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
DUCT SQ - cont inued
D uct de sign pr e ssu r e :
Should be specified ( indicat e + or - ) for design of duct
t hickness and st iffeners. - 60 - 60 I NCHES H2O [ 14,930 - 14,930 PA] .
Default : * - 20* I NCHES H2O [ * - 4,980* PA] .
D uct ga uge :
Leave blank if t hickness is ent ered; ent er t hickness if
t hicker t han 8 gauge. Range: 8 - 30.
D uct w a ll t hick ne ss:
Default : det erm ined by size and pressure, leave blank
if duct gauge num ber ent ered.
D uct cla ss:
The duct class indicat es t he quant it y and abrasiveness
of part iculat e m at erial. Default : * 1* .
1 - Non- abrasive applied.
2- Mod- abras./ lo concern.
3- Hi- abras.lo concern.
4- Hi- abras./ hi concern.
D uct insula t ion t hick ne ss: Default : 0.0 I NCHES [ 0.0
MM] .
Pa r t ica l de n sit y: Densit y of concent rat ed part iculat es
for duct classes 2, 3 and 4. Default : * 25* PCF [ * 400*
KG/ M3] .
St iffe n e r size :
Default : size and spacing det erm ined from duct
pressure, dim ensions and t hickness.
St iffe n e r spa cing:
Default : size and spacing det erm ined from duct
pressure, dim ensions and t hickness.
Suppor t w e ight :
Hanger weight ( each) ; support st eel, racks, et c. m ust
be specified elsewhere. The syst em det erm ines t he
support weight based on st andard spacing of 12 FEET
[ 3.5 M] and t he duct loads. The calculat ed weight and
spacing m ay be replaced wit h an input weight and
spacing.
Suppor t spa cin g: Default : * 12* FEET [ * 3.5* M] .
N u m be r of e lbow s: Default : * 0*
N u m be r of t e e s: Default : * 0*
N u m be r of r e du ce r s: Default : * 0*
N u m be r of da m pe r s: Default : * 0*
N u m be r of a cce ss door s: Default : * 0*
N um be r Fle x ible conne ct ion: Default : * 0*
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
23
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Fluid heat t racing exist ing equipm ent
Type
EQPT TRACE
The it em of equipm ent and it s insulat ion are not
included; t hese are assum ed t o be specified elsewhere
in t he proj ect .
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CU*
CU- Copper
SS- St ainless st eel
Tr a ce r t ube le ngt h:
This is t he t ot al lengt h of 0.5 I NCHES O.D. t ubing
required t o heat t race an it em specified elsewhere in
t he est im at e. This lengt h does not include t he run t o
and from supply and ret urn headers, as t hese lengt hs
are specified in t he Dist ./ Supply Header and t he Dist ./
Ret urn Header fields.
Tr a cin g sym bol:
T- SP- Traced: t ube conn. - spiral t racer - no cem ent
T- SPC- Traced: t ube conn. - spiral t racer - wit h cem ent
P- SP- Traced: pipe conn. - spiral t racer - no cem ent
P- SPC- Traced: pipe conn. - spiral t racer - wit h cem ent
D ist a n ce t o supply he a de r :
Dist ance specified is from t raced equipm ent it em t o
supply and ret urn headers. The headers are not
included in t his it em , but are specified by t he user
elsewhere in t he est im at e for Area Pipe Specificat ions
or as a separat e bulk it em descript ion. Min: 5.0 FEET
[ 1.6 M] ; Default : * 25* FEET [ * 7.5* M] .
D ist a nce t o r e t ur n he a de r :
Dist ance specified is from t raced equipm ent it em t o
supply and ret urn headers. The headers are not
included in t his it em , but are specified by t he user
elsewhere in t he est im at e for Area Pipe Specificat ions
or as a separat e bulk it em descript ion. Min: 5.0 FEET
[ 1.6 M] ; Default : * 25* FEET [ * 7.5* M] .
H e a t ing m e diu m :
Default : * STM*
STM- St eam heat ing m edium
OTHR- Ot her heat ing m edium
St e a m ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
Default : * 25* PSI G [ * 175* KPA] .
24
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Fluid heat t racing for exist ing pipe runs
PI PE TRACE
0.5 I NCHES O.D. t ubing applied t o exist ing pipe. The
t raced pipe and it s insulat ion are not included; t hese
are assum ed t o be specified elsewhere in t he proj ect .
An insulat ion adj ust m ent is included t o account for
t racers and t racer connect ions t o headers.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CU*
CU- Copper
SS- St ainless st eel
Tr a ce d pipe le n gt h :
The pipe being t raced is not included, but m ust be
specified elsewhere.
Tr a ce d pipe dia m e t e r :
The pipe being t raced is not included, but m ust be
specified elsewhere.
Tr a cin g sym bol:
T- SP- Traced: t ube conn. - spiral t racer - no cem ent
T- SPC- Traced: t ube conn. - spiral t racer - wit h cem ent
P- SP- Traced: pipe conn. - spiral t racer - no cem ent
P- SPC- Traced: pipe conn. - spiral t racer - wit h cem ent
T- LO- Traced: t ube conn. - longit . t racer - no cem ent
T- LOC- Traced: t ube conn. - longit t racer - wit h cem ent
P- LO- Traced: pipe conn. - longit t racer - no cem ent
P- LOC- Traced pipe conn. - longit t racer - wit h cem ent
D ist a n ce t o supply he a de r :
Dist ance specified is from t raced pipe t o supply or
ret urn header. Min: 5 FEET [ 1.6 MM] ; Default : * 25*
FEET [ * 7.5* M] .
D ist a nce t o r e t ur n he a de r :
Dist ance specified is from t raced pipe t o supply or
ret urn header. Min: 5 FEET [ 1.6 MM] ; Default : * 25*
FEET [ * 7.5* M] .
H e a t ing m e diu m :
Default : * STM*
STM - St eam heat ing m edium
OTHR - Ot her heat ing m edium
St e a m ga u ge pr e ssu r e :
Default * 25* PSI G [ * 175* KPA] . ( See “ Trapping
Dist ances” t ables.)
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
25
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
Tr a ppin g D ist a nce ( St e a m )
Tr a ce d Pr oce ss Lin e
Siz e
2 5 PSI G
1 5 0 PSI G
2 0 0 PSI G
[ 1 7 5 KPA]
[ 1 0 5 0 KPA]
[ 1400
KPA]
N o. of 0 .5 I N CH
[ 1 2 .7 M M ] O.D .
Tr a ce r s pe r Line
0.50 I NCHES
[ 12.7 - 25.4 MM]
150 FEET
[ 45.72 M]
250 FEET
[ 76.20 M]
300 FEET
[ 91.44]
1 OR 2
1.25 - 1.50 I NCHES
[ 31.75- 38.10 MM]
130 FEET
[ 39.62 M]
200 FEET
[ 60.96 M]
230 FEET
[ 70.10 M]
1 OR 2
2.00 I NCHES
50.80 MM]
120 FEET
[ 36.57 M]
180 FEET
[ 54.86 M]
200 FEET
[ 60.96 M]
1
2.50 - 3.00 I NCHES
[ 63.50 - 76.20 MM]
100 FEET
[ 30.48]
150 FEET
[ 45.72 M]
190 FEET
[ 57.91 M]
1
3.50 - 4.00 I NCHES
[ 88.90 - 101.60 MM]
150 FEET
[ 45.72 M]
240 FEET
[ 73.15 M]
240 FEET
[ 73.15 M]
350 FEET
[ 106.68 M]
270 FEET
[ 82.29 M]
400 FEET
[ 121.92 M]
1
120 FEET
[ 36.57 M]
200 FEET
[ 60.96 M]
250 FEET
[ 76.20 M]
200 FEET
[ 60.96 M]
300 FEET
[ 91.44 M]
360 FEET
[ 109.72 M]
210 FEET
[ 64.00 M]
340 FEET
[ 103.63 M]
420 FEET
[ 128.01 M]
1
over 4.00 I NCHES
[ over 101.60 MM]
2
2
3
STEAM Tr a cin g - N u m be r of Tr a ce r s Pe r Lin e
Tr a ce d Pr oce ss Line
Size ( I N CH ES)
< 3
N o. of 0 .5 I N CH [ 1 2 .7 M M ]
O.D . Tr a ce r s pe r Line
1
> to < 8
2
> 8
3
- Cont inued on next page -
26
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
Tr a ppin g D ist a nce ( St e a m ) - cont inued
H ow I ca r u s Ca lcu la t e s I n su la t ion Le n gt h on
Pipin g
All pipe insulat ion is calculat ed and report ed as st raight run equivalent lengt h.
The final lengt h is calculat ed by adding t he specified lengt h of st raight run
pipe, plus st raight run equivalent lengt hs for fit t ings ( 4 FEET [ 1.22 M] / fit t ing)
and valves ( 7 FEET [ 2.13 M] / valve) , plus an overall 5% allowance for wast age.
The final equat ion in l- P is:
[ pipe lengt h + ( fit t ing count * 4) + ( valve count * 7) ] * 105%
Ex a m ple ca lcu la t ion s:
Spe cifie d
1 0 0 FEET [ 3 0 .5 M ] 4 I N CH pipe +
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Re por t e d Le ngt h
FEET
M
0 fit t ings, 0 valves
105
32
1 FL, 0 valves
109
33
0 fit t ings, 1 GA ( t his creat es 2 m at ching FL)
121
37
1 FL, 1 GA
125
38
1 FL, 3 EL, 1 GA
138
42
27
28
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
29
30
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
31
32
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
33
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Launders, half- round, rubber lined
LAUN D ER RD
St eel launder lined wit h 0.25 I NCHES [ 6.0 MM] nat ural
rubber.
Mat erial is RBLCS ( Rubber- lined carbon st eel)
Cove r Type :
Default : * NONE*
COVRD- Plat e cover
NONE- No cover
Launders, square/ rect angular, rubber lined
St eel launder lined wit h 0.25 I NCHES [ 6.0 MM]
nat ural rubber.
Mat erial is RBLCS ( Rubber- lined carbon st eel)
LAUN D ER SQ
Cove r Type :
Default : * NONE*
COVRD- Plat e cover
NONE- No cover
Coat and wrap pipe for burial: m anual or m achine
COAT W RAP
Applicat ion m ay be by hand or m achine.
Applica t ion Sym bol:
HAND- Manual
MACH- Machine
Hot t ap: product ion line t o branch line
Split t ee or nipple, flange and valve provided; branch
m ust be specified elsewhere.
Available only in Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or and
I carus Process Evaluat or.
H OT TAP
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * GRBW*
GRBW- API 5L and 5LS Gr. B304LP- 304L
X42W- API 5LX Grade X42316P- SS316
X52W- API 5LX Grade X52316LP- 316L
X60W- API 5LX Grade X60321P- SS321
X65W- API 5LX Grade X65AL- Alum inum
A 53- A 53CU- Copper
A 106- A 106NI - Nickel
A333C- 3.5 NiMONEL- Monel
A335C- 1.25Cr - .5Mo - SiI NCNL- I nconel
304P- SS304
- Cont inued on next page -
34
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
H OT TAP - cont inued
Fla nge Cla ss:
Default : * 600*
150- Class 150
300- Class 300
600- Class 600
900- Class 900
1500- Class 1500
2500- Class 2500
125- Class 125 WOG
250- Class 250 WOG
Perm anent scraper launcher and receiver
A pair ( launcher and receiver) is provided for each
it em .
Available only in Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or and
I carus Process Evaluat or.
SCRAPER LR
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * X52W*
X52W- API 5LLX-X52 welded
X42W- API 5LX-X42 welded
X60W- API 5LX-X60 welded
X65W- API 5LX-X65 welded
GRBW- API 5L - gr B/ 5LS welded
X52S- API 5LX-X52 seam less
X42S- API FLX-X42 seam less
X60S- API 5LX-X60 seam less
X65S- API 5LX-X65 seam less
GRBS- API 5L - gr B seam less
Fla nge Cla ss:
Default : * 600*
150- Class 150
300- Class 300
600- Class 600
900- Class 900
1500- Class 1500
2500- Class 2500
125- Class 125 WOG
250- Class 250 WOG
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
35
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Pipe, valve, and fit t ings at well head
St andard valve and fit t ing configurat ion plus 70 FEET
[ 20 M] of pipe.
Available only in Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or and
Aspen Process Econom ic Evaluat or.
W ELL H EAD
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * X52W*
X52W- API 5LLX-X52 welded
X42W- API 5LX-X42 welded
X60W- API 5LX-X60 welded
X65W- API 5LX-X65 welded
GRBW- API 5L - gr B/ 5LS welded
X52S- API 5LX-X52 seam less
X42S- API FLX-X42 seam less
X60S- API 5LX-X60 seam less
X65S- API 5LX-X65 seam less
GRBS- API 5L - gr B seam less
Pipe dia m e t e r :
Default : * 8* I NCHES DI AM [ * 200* MM DI AM]
Type of w e ll:
Default : * PROD*
PROD- Product ion well
I NJEC- I nj ect ion well
Sprinkler fire syst em ( wat er / wat er+ foam )
SPRN K
Pipe m a t e r ia l:
* A 53* , 304P, 316P
Out le t a r r a nge m e nt :
* PLANE* - Out let devices arranged over planar area
ARRAY- Out let devices arranged over equipm ent area
D ia m e t e r or le n gt h : I f out let arrangem ent is PLANE,
wit h devices arranged over planar area, ent er t he
plane area; if out let arrangem ent is ARRAY, wit h
devices arranged over equipm ent area, ent er t he
com ponent lengt h or diam et er.
W idt h: I f out let arrangem ent is PLANE, wit h devices
arranged over planar area, ent er t he widt h of t he
plane area; if out let arrangem ent is ARRAY, wit h
devices arranged over equipm ent area, ent er t he
com ponent widt h. Default : sam e as D ia m e t e r or
le ngt h.
H e igh t :
For ARRAY out let arrangem ent only, ent er height of
out let configurat ion. Default : * 20* FEET [ * 6* M] .
- Cont inued on next page -
36
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
SPRN K - cont inued
N um be r of le ve ls:
for PLANE out let arrangem ent only, ent er num ber of
levels or floors having t he indicat ed dim ensions.
Default : * 1* .
N u m be r of spr ink le r s:
Default based on hazard t ype and area dim ensions.
Sprinkler locat ion:
* OUT* - out door inst allat ion
I N- indoor inst allat ion
Hazard t ype:
* EFLH* - Ext inguished fire - light hazard occupancy
EFOH1- Ext inguished fire - ordinary hazard grp 1
EFOH2- Ext inguished fire - ordinary hazard grp 2
EFXH1- Ext inguished fire - ext ra hazard grp 1 occup
EFXH2- Ext inguished fire - ext ra hazard grp 2 occup
EPXH2- Exposure prot . - ext ra hazard grp 2 occup
CBXH2- Cont rol burning - ext ra hazard grp 2 occup
PFXH2- Fire prevent ion - ext ra hazard grp 2 occup
Syst e m t ype :
* WSPNK* - Wat er sprinkler
WSPRY- Wat er spray
FSPNK- Foam sprinkler
FSPRY- Foam spray
Pipe syst em t ype:
* DRSYS* - Dry pipe syst em
WTSYS- Wet pipe syst em
DPPNU- Deluge sys/ pilot head/ pneum at ic act uat or
DPHYD- Deluge sys/ pilot head/ hydraulic act uat or
DELEC- Deluge sys/ elect ric act uat or
D e t e ct or t ype :
* SPRKR* - Aut om at ic sprinkler det ect or
FXTMP- Fixed t em perat ure det ect or
R- O- R- Rat e of rise t em perat ure det ect or
SMKAL- Sm oke alarm det ect or
NONE- No det ect ors inst alled
- Cont inued on next page -
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
37
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
SPRN K - cont inued
Applica t ion de nsit y:
Max: 1.00 GPM/ SF [ 0.650 L/ S/ M2]
Volum e of wat er/ foam required per unit area. Default
based on hazard/ class.
Cove r a ge a r e a pe r spr ink le r :
Max: 400 SF [ 37.0 M2]
N u m be r of h ose st a t ion s: Default : 0
N u m be r of h ydr a nt s: Default : 0
Foa m con ce n t r a t ion : Default : 3% ; Max: 100% ; for
foam Syst e m t ype only
Foa m t a nk opt ion :
* NONE* - No foam st orage t ank required
BALPR- Tank wit h balanced pressure proport ioning
PRTNK- Tank wit h pressure proport ioning
ARPMP- Tank wit h around t he pum p proport ioning
Ta n k de sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
Default : * 15* PSI G [ * 100* KPA] ; for foam syst em s
only
Ta n k t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C] ; for foam syst em s
only
Pipe sizin g m e t h od:
* HYDLC* - Hydraulic pressure drop calculat ions
PSCHD- Schedule of pipe sizes vs. num ber of
sprinklers
FOAM
Foam fire syst em s
Pipe m a t e r ia l:
* A 53* , 304P, 316P.
Out le t a r r a nge m e nt :
* PLANE* - Out let devices arranged over planar area
ARRAY- Out let devices arranged over equipm ent area
D ia m e t e r or le n gt h :
I f out let arrangem ent is PLANE, wit h devices arranged
over planar area, ent er t he plane area; if out let
arrangem ent is ARRAY, wit h devices arranged over
equipm ent area, ent er t he com ponent lengt h or
diam et er.
W idt h :
I f out let arrangem ent is PLANE, wit h devices arranged
over planar area, ent er t he widt h of t he plane area; if
out let arrangem ent is ARRAY, wit h devices arranged
over equipm ent area, ent er t he com ponent widt h.
Default : sam e as D ia m e t e r or le ngt h .
- Cont inued on next page -
38
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
FOAM - cont inued
H e igh t : For ARRAY out let arrangem ent only, ent er
height of out let configurat ion. Default : * 20* FEET
[ * 6* M] .
N u m be r of le ve ls:
Default : 1.00; for PLANE out let arrangem ent only,
num ber of levels or floors having t he indicat ed
dim ensions.
N u m be r of foa m ou t le t s:
Default based on area size.
Syst e m t ype :
* LOEXP* - Low expansion foam syst em
MDEXP- Medium expansion foam syst em
HI EXP- High expansion foam syst em
Pipe syst e m t ype :
* DRFXP* - Dry pipe syst em
WTFXP- Wet pipe syst em
DLFXP- Deluge syst em
PORT- Port able syst em wit h nozzle
Foa m de live r y opt ion :
FCHMB- Foam cham bers
MONTR- Monit ors
* NOZLE* Nozzles
HNDLN- Hand lines
SPRKR- Sprinklers
Applica t ion de nsit y:
Volum e of wat er/ foam required per unit of area.
Default based on hazard/ class.
N u m be r of h ose st a t ion s: Default : 0
N u m be r of h ydr a nt s: Default : 0
Foa m con ce n t r a t ion :
Default : 3.00% ; Max: 100%
Foa m t a nk opt ion :
* NONE* - No foam st orage t ank required
BALPR- Tank wit h balanced pressure proport ioning
PRTNK- Tank wit h pressure proport ioning
ARPMP- Tank wit h around t he pum p proport ioning
Ta n k de sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
Default : * 15* PSI G [ * 100* KPA]
Ta n k t e m pe r a t u r e :
Default : * 68* DEG F [ * 20* DEG C]
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
39
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
St andpipe and hose fire syst em s
SPH OS
Pipe m a t e r ia l:
* A 53* , 304P, 316P
Le n gt h:
Area lengt h for det erm ining num ber of hoses
W idt h:
Area widt h for det erm ining num ber of hoses; default :
sam e as lengt h
N u m be r of le ve ls:
Default : 1.00; num ber of levels or floors having t he
indicat ed dim ensions.
Syst e m t ype :
* C- I * - Class I st and pipe and hose syst em
C- I I - Class I I st and pipe and hose syst em
C- I I I - Class I I I st and pipe and hose syst em
N u m be r of h ose s:
Default based on class and area dim ensions
Pipe syst e m t ype :
* DRAUT* - Aut om at ic dry syst em ; Class I only
DRSMA- Sem i- aut om at ic dry syst em ; Class I only
DRMNL- Manual dry syst em ; Class I only
WTAUT- Aut om at ic wet syst em
WTMNL- Manual wet syst em
M in im um flow pe r h ose :
Max: 1,250.0 GPM [ 78.0 L/ S] ;
Default : for C- I , C- I I I , 500 GPM [ 31 L/ S] ; for C- I I ,
100 GPM [ 6.3 L/ S]
N u m be r of h ydr a nt s:
Default : 0
Em ergency eyewash and shower unit s
W SH W R
Pipe m a t e r ia l:
* A 53* , 304P, 316P
N u m be r of w a sh un it s:
Default : 0
Ent er t he num ber of wash unit s ( t ype specified below
in W a sh unit t ype field) t o be included at t he
eyewash st at ion.
N u m be r of sh ow e r un it s:
Default : 0
Ent er t he num ber of full- body showers.
N u m be r of com bin e d u n it s:
Default : 0
- Cont inued on next page -
40
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
W SH W R - cont inued
When a quant it y is specified, t his com binat ion unit
provides a com binat ion full- body shower and wash unit
( t ype specified below in W a sh unit t ype field) .
N u m be r of n ozzle s pe r sh ow e r :
Default : 1; Max: 12
Ent er t he num ber of nozzles per shower unit .
Le n gt h su pply pipe :
Default : * 50.0* FEET [ * 50.0* M]
W a sh unit t ype :
EYE1- single out let eyewash unit
* EYE2* - double out let eyewash unit
FACE- face wash unit
COMB- com binat ion eye and face wash unit
D r a in r e quir e m e nt :
* YES* , NO
High densit y polyet hylene pipe, fusion bonded
H D PE PI PE
Pipe le n gt h :
Min: 1.0 FEET [ 0.35 M]
Pipe dia m e t e r :
2- 54 I NCHES DI AM [ 50- 1350 MM DI AM]
D e sign ga u ge pr e ssur e :
Default : based on SDR and t em perat ure
Te m pe r a t u r e : Default : 73 DEG F [ 23 DEG C]
Configu r a t ion : * BURI ED* , ABOVE
D e pt h of bu r ie d pipe :
24- 120 I NCHES [ 600- 3000 MM]
N u m be r of Elbow s: Default : * 0*
N u m be r of Re duce r s: Default : * 0*
N um be r of W ye s: Default : * 0*
N u m be r of Ye s: Default : * 0*
N um be r of Blinds: Default : * 0*
Sanit ary flow diversion panel
FLO PAN EL
Panel consist s of pipe wit h swivelling elbow ( m ust be
posit ioned m anually) used t o divert flow t o one of four
pipes. I f included, proxim it y sensor ident ifies posit ion of
elbow. Quick disconnect s are used t o connect elbow wit h
downst ream pipe. Used in t he sanit ary indust ry.
Panel enclosures are st ainless st eel for sanit at ion.
Cust om Pipe Spe c: ent er eit her Cust om Pipe Spec ( see
Design Basis) or m at erial, not bot h. Default : 304 PS
- Cont inued on next page -
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
41
Pipin g Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
FLO PAN EL - cont inued
M a t e r ia l:
* 304PS* - SS304, sanit ary grade pipe m at erial
316PS- SS316, sanit ary grade pipe m at erial
Mat erial select ion is for piping ( wet t ed part ) only;
enclosure m at erial is SS316.
Pipe dia m e t e r :
St andard pipe diam et ers bet ween1.50 I NCHES [ 40.0
MM] and 4.00 I NCHES [ 100 MM]
Pa ne l t ype :
* DWALL* - Double wall t ype panel
SWALL- Single wall t ype panel
N o. st a t ion s/ pa n e l:
MI N: * 2* ; MAX: 8
Pr ox im it y se n sor s:
NO- No proxim it y sensors will be provided
* YES* - Proxim it y sensors will be provided
Cla m p conne ct ions:
select clam p connect ion t ype for front ( U- bend) side
* CB* - Cherry- Burrel couplings
TC- Tri- Clover couplings
N o. of e x t r a U- be nds:
Default : * 0*
Fe r r u le s on ou t le t :
* NO* - No ferrule will be provided
YES- Ferrules will be provided
Clam p t ype for back side is t he sam e as front side
when ferrules are provided.
42
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Pipe D ia m e t e r s
(Inch - Pound diameters are for ANSI B36.19)
I N CH ES
MM
0.5 1
15 1
.75
20
1
25
1.25 1
32
1.51
40 1
2
50
2.5 1
65 1
3
80
3.5 1
90 1
4
100
51
125 1
6
150
8
200
10
250
12
300
14
350
16
400
18
450
20
500
24
600
30
750
36
900
42
1050
48
1200
54 2
1350 2
60 2
1500 2
72 2
1800 2
84 2
2100 2
96 2
2400 2
108 2
2700 2
120 2
3000 2
1
Non- st andard pipe sizes are not creat ed by m odels unless specified.
2
Elbows and t ees are fabricat ed from like- diam et er pipe. Est im at e includes m ore
welds t o fabricat e fit t ings.
N ot e : Pipe diam et ers great er t han 72 2 ( 1800 m m ) are only available for Plant Bulk
Pipe I t em s. These larger diam et ers cannot be specified in pipe it em det ails or yard
pipe form s.
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
43
Pipe Sche dule
Use ANSI B36.10 for all m at erials, all count ry locat ions.
Ex ce pt ion s:
Ja pa n - does have schedule 20SS 0.5 - 12 I NCHES diam et er.
Ja pa n - schedule 40, 60, 80, and 100SS > 20 I NCHES diam et er is
m uch t hinner.
St a n da r d Equ a t ion s for Pipe
D ia m e t e r ( Old)
Liquid Line s
Slur r y Line s
GPM Ra n ge
Ve locit y
GPM Ra nge
V e locit y
0 - 90
7
0 - 3000
3
91 - 250
8
3001 - 5000
5
251 - 500
9
5001 - 7000
7
501 - 1000
10
> 7000
8
1001 - 2000
11
2001 - 3000
12
3001 - 4000
13
> 4000
14
Diam et er = 0.6384* ( GPM/ Velocit y) * * 0.5
I F ( Diam et er > 4.0) THEN
Diam et er = Diam et er - 1.00
ELSE
Diam et er = Diam et er - 0.25
Ga s Lin e s
Minim um Flowrat e = 100000.0
Maxim um Flowrat e = 1.0E07
Velocit y= Log- Log
Flow r a t e
LBS/ H R
X1 = 1.0E05
X2 = 1.0E07
for velocit y calculat ions
for velocit y calculat ions
Ve locit y
FPS
Y1 = 30.0
Y2 = 100.0
Specific Volum e = 10.73* ( Fahrenheit + 460.0) / ( Molewt * ( Pressure+ 15.0) )
Diam et er = 0.226* ( ( Flowrat e* Specific Volum e) / Velocit y) * * 0.50
I F ( Diam et er > 18.0) Use one pipe size sm aller
44
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
St e a m Line s
Minim um Flowrat e = 10000.0
Maxim um Flowrat e = 1.0E06
Flow r a t e
LBS/ H R
X1 = 1.0E04
X2 = 1.0E06
Velocit y = Log- Log
for velocit y equat ions
for velocit y equat ions
Ve locit y
FPS
Y1= 20.0
Y2= 100.0
Tem pSt eam = 100.0* ( Pressure+ 30.0) * * 0.25
SpecificVolum e = 0.596* ( Tem pSt eam + 460.0) / ( Pressure+ 15.0)
Diam et er = 0.226* ( Flowrat e* SpecificVolum e/ Velocit y) * * 0.50
I F ( Diam et er > 18.0) Use one pipe size sm aller
St a n da r d Equ a t ion s for Pipe D ia m e t e r ( Old) - cont inued
Re lie f Lin e s
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
SQ I N CH ES
D I AM I N CH ES
0.196
1.287
2.853
6.38
16.0
26.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
45
St a n da r d Equ a t ion s for Pipe
D ia m e t e r ( N e w )
The “ new” line sizing m odels are charact erized by a m axim um pipe velocit y
crit erion and a m axim um pressure drop crit erion, as list ed below:
46
Pa r a m e t e r
Equa t ion
Re m a r k s
Pipe Velocit y
V ≤ Vm a x
V = flow Velocit y;
Vm ax = m axim um velocit y given below;
Pressure Drop ( psi
per 100 ft .)
ΔP ⁄ 100 ≤ ΔPm a x
ΔPm a x is t he allowable m axim um pressure
Applica t ion
M a x im um
Ve locit y
drop per 100ft , given below
M a x im u m Pr e ssu r e D r op Pe r 1 0 0 ft .
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Liquid Lines
V m a x = 100 ⁄ p 10.5
ΔPm a x = 1 psi
Where:
Vm ax = Maxim um
allowable velocit y liquid ( FT/ S)
A = Maxim um
velocit y m ult iplier liquid( FT/ S)
Default = 100
B = Maxim um
velocit y exponent liquid
Default = 0.5
Pl = Pressure liquid( Psia)
Vm ax = A/ Pl
Gas Lines
B
V m a x = 100 ⁄ p v0.5
ΔPm a x = 0.224 + 0.00172 P + 0.0000034 P2
where P is t he operat ing pressure in psia.
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
St eam Lines
V m a x = 100 ⁄ p s0.5
ΔPm a x = 1 psi
Cent rifugal Pum p
Suct ion
V m a x = 5 ft / s
ΔPm a x = 1 psi
PD & Gear Pum p
Suct ion
V m a x = 1.5 ft / s
ΔPm a x = 1 psi
All Pum p Discharge
Table as a funct ion
of Pipe Diam et er
ΔPm a x = 3 psi
Tower Reboiler
V m a x = 3 ft / s
47
St a n da r d Equ a t ion s for Pipe D ia m e t e r ( N EW ) - cont inued
Nam e
Equa t ion
Flare St ack inlet header V
m a x = 0.75* Sonic Velocit y
Pipe Diam et er Liquid
Vapor* *
d= 12* ( 4* gpm / ( X* 7.481* 60* Vm ax ) ) 0.5
d= 0.226* ( flowrat e* specificvolum e/ Vm ax ) 0.5
Where:
Vm ax = Maxim um allowable velocit y - liquid ( FT/ S)
A = Maxim um velocit y m ult iplier - liquid( FT/ S)
Default = 100
B = Maxim um velocit y exponent - liquid Default = 0.5
Pl = Pressure - liquid( Psia)
Vm ax = A/ Pl
Frict ion Fact or
Vapor/ Liquid
B
f= 2* [ ( 8/ NRE) 12 + 1/ ( C1 + C2 ) 1.5 ] 0.0833
where:
C1= { 2.457* ln[ 1/ ( ( 7NRE) 0.9 + ( 0.27* ( ε / ( d/ 12) ) ) ) ] } 16
C2= ( 37530/ NRE) 16
( d ⁄ 12 ) v ρ
N RE = -------------------------µ
ε ( abs. roughness) = 0.00015ft ( Com m ercial st eel/ wrought
iron)
v ( liquid velocit y) = 0.4085* gpm / d 2
v ( vapor velocit y) = 0.051076* flowrat e* specificvolum e/ d 2
ρ ( liquid densit y) = lb/ ft 3
µ ( liquid viscosit y) = cP* 6.7197* 10 - 4
d = pipe I D, inches
Frict ional pressure drop ΔP
100 ( 2 f ρv 2 )
-------- = -----------------------( psi per 100 ft )
100
d
g c  -----  144
Vapor/ Liquid
 12 
Vapor Densit y
ρ = ( ( Pi + 14.696) * MW) / ( 10.73* ( Ti + 460) )
where:
Pi = Operat ing Pressure, psig
Ti = Operat ing Tem perat ure, o F
MW= Molecular Weight
48
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
St a n da r d Equ a t ion s for Pipe D ia m e t e r ( N EW ) - cont inued
Nam e
Equ a t ion
Vapor Viscosit y
µ g = K* 10- 4* EXP( X* ρ s y )
where:
1.5
( 9.4 + 0.02MW ) ( T i + 460 )
K = -----------------------------------------------------------------------209 + 19MW + ( T i + 460 )
X= 3.5+ ( 986/ Ti + 460) + 0.01* MW
y= 2.4 – 0.2* X
ρ s , St andard densit y= ( MW/ 28.97) * 0.0764*
( 520/ 14.696) * ( Pi + 14.696) / Ti + 460) * 1/ 62.428
Pressure Drop
–6
2
St eam
ΔP 100 ( 3.36 ×10 )f ( f l o w r a t e ) --------- = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------5
100
(ρd )
Frict ion Fact or, St eam

2


1
f =  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
– 2 Lo g ( ε ⁄ ( d ⁄ 12 ) )  Lo g ( ε ⁄ ( d ⁄ 12 ) ) 
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  3.7 – ( 5.02 ⁄ N RE )   3.7 + ( 13 ⁄ N RE )  
where:
( d ⁄ 12 ) v ρ
N RE = -------------------------µ
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
49
M a x im u m Flow Ve locit y a s a fu n ct ion of
Pipe D ia m e t e r for Pu m p D isch a r ge ( Flu id
Spe cific Gr a vit y = 1 )
50
Pipe D ia m e t e r ( in ch e s)
M a x im u m Ve locit y ( fps)
1
10.5
1.5
11.0
2
11.1
3
11.3
4
11.6
6
12.0
8
12.2
10
12.4
12
12.5
14
12.6
16
12.7
18
13.0
20
13.1
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Ut ilit y Pipin g Se r vice s
Ut ilit y headers are sized based upon t he following:
•
The Ut ilit y Header Diam et er Sym bol ( L,M,H,V) as specified for Plant Bulk Ut ilit y
Piping will give diam et ers for each service as t abulat ed in t he following t able.
•
By specifying t he desired diam et er for t hat service. I f t he Ut ilit y Header Sym bol is
designat ed, t hen a run of each service line is provided by t he syst em in default of a
non- specified diam et er. The default diam et er corresponding t o t he service t ype is
list ed in t he t able below.
A user- specified diam et er for a service header overr ides t he diam et er
associat ed wit h t he Ut ilit y Header Diam et er Sym bol. Ser vice header s m ay be
om it t ed by:
•
Specifying “ 0.0” diam et er for t he undesired service.
•
Om it t ing t he Ut ilit y Diam et er Sym bol, whereby only diam et er- specified headers are
provided.
•
These it em s are cost account ed t o t he sam e COA’s as process piping.
Se r vice
Sym bol Type
N om ina l Pipe D ia m e t e r : I N CH ES [ M M ]
D ia m e t e r Sym bol
L
M
H
V
-
W ater
F ( b)
F ( b)
P
C
Firewat er - loop
Firewat er - lat eral
Pot able wat er
Cooling wat er and ret urn line
6[ 150]
4[ 100]
2 [ 50]
6[ 150]
8[ 200]
6[ 150]
2 [ 50]
8[ 200]
12[ 300] 16[ 400] excluded
6 [ 150] 6 [ 150] excluded
4 [ 100] 6 [ 150] excluded
12[ 300] 14[ 350] excluded
3 [ 80]
3 [ 80]
3 [ 80]
4[ 100]
4[ 100]
4[ 100]
8[ 200]
8[ 200]
6[ 150]
12[ 300] excluded
12[ 300] excluded
8 [ 200] excluded
2 [ 50]
2 [ 50]
3 [ 80]
2 [ 50]
4[ 100]
3 [ 80]
6[ 150]
[ 100]
excluded
excluded
2 [ 50]
2 [ 50]
2 [ 50]
2 [ 50]
4[ 100]
4[ 100]
6[ 150]
6[ 150]
excluded
excluded
St e a m *
L ( i)
M ( i)
H ( i)
Low pressure st eam
Medium pressure st eam
High pressure st eam
Air
P
I
Plant air
I nst rum ent air
Ga s
F
I
Fuel gas
I nert gas
Ot he r
CS ( b)
FL
US
Chem ical sewer
Flare line
Ut ilit y st at ion ( see diagram )
8[ 200] 10[ 250] 12[ 300] 14[ 350] excluded
10[ 250] 14[ 350] 16[ 400] 24[ 600] excluded
1 [ 25] 1 [ 25]
1 [ 25] 1 [ 25]
* One condensat e ret urn line is provided upon select ion of any com binat ion of st eam
services.
( b) Buried
( i) I nsulat ed
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
51
Ut ilit y St a t ion D ia gr a m
N ot e : The drop lines are 1 I NCH [ 25 MM] in diam et er for air/ wat er/ st eam and
0.75 I NCH [ 20 MM] for condensat e line. The lengt hs are 100 FEET [ 30 M] for
air, wat er, and st eam service and and 50 FEET [ 15 M] for condensat e line by
default . Lengt h can be changed by specifying ut ilit y st at ion dr op lengt h.
52
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
D e fa u lt Pipin g M a t e r ia ls
Equ ipm e n t Fa br ica t ion
M a t e r ia ls
Te m pe r a t u r e Ra n ge *
F
Pipin g M a t e r ia l Sym bol
C
Aspe n I n - Pla n t Cost Est im a t or
All Mat erials
all
all
A 106 ( up t o 2 I NCHES [ 50 MM]
A 53 ( 2 I NCHES [ 50m m ] and larger)
- 253 t o - 46
- 45 t o - 29
- 28 t o 343
- 28 t o 343
344 t o 537
538 t o 648
649 t o 815
304P
A333A
A 106 ( up t o 2 I NCHES [ 50 MM]
A 53 ( 2 I NCHES [ 50 MM] and larger)
A335C
A335F
304P
Aspe n Pr oj e ct Econ om ic Eva lu a t or
All carbon and Low Alloy
St eel
- 425 t o 051
- 50 t o - 21
- 20 t o 650
- 20 t o 650
651 t o 1000
1000 t o 1200
1201 t o 1500
Clad Vessels
Mat erial corresponding t o processside cladding m at erial.
Lined Vessels: Brick or
m onolit hic lined
all
all
Carbon st eel - see above
Lined Vessels: rubber lined
all
all
RBLCS
all
Lined Vessels: organic
( except rubber) , glass, lead
zinc lines
all
TFELS
High Alloy St eel ( St ainless)
- 425 t o 650
651 t o 1500
- 252 t o 343
344 t o 815
304P
316P
Alum inum
- 425 t o 650
651 t o 1500
- 253 t o 148
- 28 t o 204
AL
Copper and Copper Alloys;
Except for HE and RB HE
and RB only
- 20 t o 400
- 28 t o 204
HASTELLOY
all
all
I NCONEL
all
all
I NCNL
KARBATE ( graphit e)
all
all
TFELS
MONEL
all
all
MONEL
Nickel
all
all
N
Tit anium
all
all
TI
Epoxy/ Polypropylene ( PPL)
all
all
TFELS
Wood
all
all
316P
CU
Carbon St eel - see above
HAST
The m axim um t em perat ure for any pipe m at erial will not exceed t he m axim um t em perat ure for
t he corresponding plat e m at erial list ed in Chapt er 28.
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
53
Pipe M a t e r ia ls - Fe r r ou s
M a t e r ia ls
Ca r bon St e e l
( COA 3 1 0 - 3 1 9 )
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
ASTM
BS
JI S
DI N
Com posit ion Re com m e n de d Le n gt h
Type * *
M a x im u m
Te m pe r a t u r e
D e gr e e s*
F
C
A 53 or CS
A- 53
( B)
3601
G3454
ERW410 STPG
G3452
SGP
17172
St E240.7
1100
593
1
GALV
( B)
ERW410 STPG
G3452
SGP
St E240.7
Galvanized CS 1100
593
1
1100
593
1
1100
593
1
A 106 or CS A - 106 3602
( B)
HFS410
A333A
A- 333
( 6)
G3456
STPT
17175
St 45.8
3603
G3460
SEQW- 680
410LT50 STPL380 TTSt 35N
* The m axim um t em perat ure for any pipe m at erial will not exceed t he m axim um t em perat ure for
t he corresponding plat e m at erial list ed in Chapt er 28.
* * See Lengt h Types.
API Pipe
( COA 3 1 0 - 3 1 9 )
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
ASTM
BS
JI S
DI N
Com posit ion Re com m e n de d Le n gt h
Type * *
M a x im u m
Te m pe r a t u r e
D e gr e e s*
F
GRBW* * *
5L/ 5LS 3601
G3454
ERW410 STPG
17172
St E240.7
C
1100
593
1
X42W
1100
593
1
X52W
1100
593
1
X60W
1100
593
1
X65W
1100
593
1
X70W
1100
593
1
* The m axim um t em perat ure for any pipe m at erial will not exceed t he m axim um t em perat ure for
t he corresponding plat e m at erial list ed in Chapt er 28.
* * See Lengt h Types.
* * * For GRBS ( GR.B seam less) , select GRBW ( GR.B welded) as t he syst em m at erial sym bol and
t hen select “ Seam less” in t he Pipe Type Field.
54
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Low a n d I n t e r m e dia t e Alloy St e e l
( All COA 3 2 0 - 3 2 9 , e x ce pt A# # C COA 3 1 0 - 3 1 9 )
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
ASTM
BS
JI S
DI N
Com posit ion
Re com m e n de d Le n gt h
Type * *
M a x im u m
Te m pe r a t u r e
D e gr e e s*
F
A- 3 3 5 3 6 0 4
C
G3 4 5 8 1 7 1 7 5
A335B
( 12)
620- 440
STPA22
13CrMo44
1Cr - .5Mo
1200
648
1
A335C
( 11)
621
STPA23
13CrMo44
I .25CR- .5Mo- Si 1200
648
1
A335D
( 22)
622
STPA24
10CrMo910
2.25Cr- 1Mo
1200
648
1
A335F
( 5)
625
STPA25
12CrMo195G
1200
648
1
Low Te m pe r a t ur e Se r vice
A- 3 3 3 3 6 0 3
A333C
( 3)
G3 4 6 0
M in. Te m p
SEW 6 8 0
503LT100 STPL450 10Ni14
3.5Ni
F
C
- 150
- 101
1
* The m axim um t em perat ure for any pipe m at erial will not exceed t he m axim um t em perat ure for
t he corresponding plat e m at erial list ed in Chapt er 28.
* * See Lengt h Types.
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
55
H igh Alloy St e e l
( COA 3 2 0 - 3 2 9 )
DI N
Com posit ion
Re com m e n de d Le n gt h
Type * *
M a x im u m
Te m pe r a t u r e
D e gr e e s*
2462
X5CrNi1810
18Cr- 8Ni
1500
815
1
A312
3605
G3459
TP 304L 304S14 SUS304LTP
2462
X2CrNi1911
18Cr- 8Ni
1500
815
1
316P
A- 312
TP 316
2462
16Cr- 12Ni- 2Mo 1500
X5CrNiMo17122
815
1
316LP
A- 312
3605
G3459
TP 316L 316S14 SUS316LTP
2462
16Cr- 12Ni- 2Mo 1500
X2CrNiMo17132
c
1
317LP
A- 312
TP 317L
18Cr- 13Ni- 3Mo
1500
1500
1
321P
A- 312
TP 321
1500
815
1
6MOP
A- 312
3605
G3459
2463
20Cr- 18Ni- 6Mo 1382
TP 317L 316S22 SUS317LTP-A X2CrNiMo18143
750
1
304PG
A- 312
TP 304
3605
G3459
304S18 SUS304TP
2462
X5CrNi1810
1500
815
2
316PG
A- 312
TP 316
3605
G3459
316S18 SUS316TP
2462
16Cr- 12Ni- 2Mo 1500
X5CrNiMo17122
815
2
1500
815
3
1500
815
3
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
ASTM
BS
JI S
304P
A- 312
TP 304
3605
G3459
304S18 SUS304TP
304LP
F
3606
G3459
316S18 SUS316TP
SUS317LTP
3605
G3459
321S18 SUS321TP
2462
X6CrNiTi1810
18Cr- 10Ni-Ti
C
Ga u ge Pipe ( Ve r y Ligh t W a ll)
18Cr- 8Ni
Sa n it a r y Pipe ( Polish e d, Qu ick D iscon ne ct s)
304PS* * *
A- 312
TP 304
3605
G3459
304S18 SUS304TP
2462
X5CrNi1810
18Cr- 8Ni
316PS* * *
A- 312
TP 316
3605
G3459
316S18 SUS316TP
2462
16Cr- 12Ni- Mo
X5CrNiMo17122
* The m axim um t em perat ure for any pipe m at erial will not exceed t he m axim um t em perat ure for
t he corresponding plat e m at erial list ed in Chapt er 28.
* * See Lengt h Types.
* * * Maxim um 200 PSI G ( 1,379 KPAG)
56
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Pipe M a t e r ia ls - N on - Fe r r ou s
M a t e r ia ls
N on - Fe r r ou s M a t e r ia ls
( COA 3 3 0 - 3 3 9 )
Syst e m ASTM
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
BS
JI S
DI N
Com posit ion
Re com m e nde d Le n gt h
Type *
M a x im u m
*
Te m pe r a t u r e
D e gr e e s*
F
C
AL
B- 241 1474 H4080
1746
Alum inum
U.S t o 10 I NCHES [ 250 MM]
A96961 6061 A6061T
U.S above 10 I NCHES [ 250 MM] and all ot hers
350
176
1
CU
B- 42
2871
C10200 C103
H3300
C1020T
1754
OF- Cu
Copper
400
204
3
Ni
B- 161
3074
N02200 NA11
H4552
NNCT
17740
Ni99.2
Nickel
99Ni
600
315
3
MONEL
B- 165
3074
N04400 NA13
H4552
NCuT
17751
NiCu30Fe
Monel
67Ni- 30Cu
800
426
3
I NCNL
B- 167
N06600
I nconel
72Ni- 15Cr- 8Fe
1200
648
3
TI
B- 337
R50400
H4630
TTP35
17850
Tit anium
600
315
3
HAST
B- 619
N10276
H4552
NMCr
17751
Hast elloy
NiMo16Cr15 54Ni- 16Mo- 15Cr
1250
676
3
A 20
B- 464
N08020
Alloy 20
800
35Ni- 35Fe- 20Cr- Cb
426
3
ZR
B- 658
R60702
Zirconium
99.2Zr
371
3
700
* The m axim um t em perat ure for any pipe m at erial will not exceed t he m axim um t em perat ure for
t he corresponding plat e m at erial list ed in Chapt er 28.
* * See Lengt h Types.
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
57
Pla st ic a n d Re sin M a t e r ia ls
( COA 3 5 0 - 3 5 9 )
Re com m e nde d
M a x im um
Te m pe r a t ur e
M a t e r ia l Cla ss
Pipe M a t e r ia l
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l D EG F
F
Sym bol
D EG C Le ngt h
C Type *
FRP
260
125
Polyvinyl Chloride,
Maxim um 8 I NCHES [ 200
MM} diam et er
PVC
140
60
4
Chlorinat ed Polyvinyl
Chloride, Maxim um 8
I NCHES [ 200 MM] diam et er
CPVC
200
93
4
Plast ics and Resins Fiberglass Reinforced * *
Epoxy Resin
* See below for Lengt h Types
* * Thickness/ schedule not adj ust able
Type
Le n gt h
1 0 FEET
1 5 FEET
2 0 FEET
3 0 FEET
[ 3 M]
[ 4 .6 M ]
[ 6 .1 M ]
[ 9 .1 M ]
< = 1.5 I NCHE
> 1.5 I NCHE
1
2
All D
3
All D
4
5
58
All D
All D
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Lin e d St e e l Pipe
( COA 3 4 0 - 3 4 9 )
Lined piping of t he m at erials in t he following t able are developed irrespect ive
of t he equipm ent or pipe t em perat ure. The user m ust give considerat ion t o
t em perat ure- m at erial select ions for t hese m at erials, as t he syst em does not
produce a warning or error condit ion if t he recom m ended m axim um
t em perat ure is exceeded.
Re com m e n de d
M a x im um
Te m pe r a t u r e
Line d St e e l
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l D e gr e e s
Sym bol
F
Rem ot e shop fabricat ed carbon st eel pipe and
fit t ings, lined wit h:
Epoxy
Glass
Nat ural rubber, ( 1/ 4 I NCHES [ 6 MM] t hick
Nit rile rubber ( 1/ 4 I NCHES [ 6 MM] t hick
Hypalon rubber ( 1/ 4 I NCHES [ 6 MM] t hick
EPLCS
GSLCS
RBLCS
NI TRL
HYPLN
260
450
175
175
175
125
230
80
80
80
But yl rubber ( 1/ 4 I NCHES [ 6 MM] t hick)
Neoprene rubber ( 1/ 4 I NCHES [ 6 MM] t hick
Ebonit e ( 1/ 4 I NCHES [ 6 MM] t hick
Cem ent
Polypropylene
BUTYL
NEPNE
EBONT
CMLCS
PPLCS*
175
175
175
80
80
80
225
110
1
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ( KYNAR)
Polyvinylidene Chloride ( SARAN)
Fluorinat ed Et hylene Propylene ( FEP TEFLON)
Polyt et rafluoroet hylene ( TFE TEFLON)
PVDF*
PVDC
FEP
TFELS*
275
175
400
450
135
80
200
230
1
3
4
1
Rem ot e shop fabricat ed st ainless st eel pipe
and fit t ings, lined wit h:
TFESS*
450
230
1
D e gr e e s Spool
C
Type *
4
2
4
Polyt et rafluoroet hylene ( TFE TEFLON)
* Can use bends up t o 4 I NCHES inst ead of elbows.
Spool Type s
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Spool
Type
Spool D ia m e t e r
D e fa ult Spool
Le n gt h
M a x im u m Spool
Le n gt h
1
All
20 FEET [ 6.1 M]
40 FEET [ 12 M]
2
< = 1 I NCH
> 1 and < 2 I NCH
> 2 I NCH
2 FEET [ 0.6 M]
6 FEET [ 1.9M]
10 FEET [ 3.1M]
2 FEET [ 0.6 M]
6 FEET [ 1.9M]
10 FEET [ 3.1M]
3
All
10 FEET [ 3.1M]
10 FEET [ 3.1M]
4
All
20 FEET [ 6.1 M]
20 FEET [ 6.1 M]
59
I carus syst em s aut om at ically include t wo flanges per spool.
For yard pipe ( Plant bulks - YARD PI PE) , specifying t he num ber of flanges
overrides t he default . An error m essage appears if t he num ber of flanges you
specified causes t he spool piece t o exceed t he m axim um lengt h for t hat
part icular spool piece t ype and diam et er.
For inst allat ion bulk piping ( Com ponent - Pipe I t em Det ails) , specifying t he
num ber of flanges overrides t he default . I f t he num ber of flanges specified
causes t he spool piece t o exceed t he m axim um lengt h for t hat part icular spool
piece t ype and diam et er, t he default spool lengt h is used. However, t he syst em
will not generat e a m essage t hat t here are t oo few flanges.
The spool pieces are shipped pre- flanged and ready for bolt- up t o valves and
flanged fit t ings in t he field.
The following is a yard pipe exam ple:
Ya r d Pipe Ex a m ple :
20 FEET [ 61 M] Yard Pipe
10 I NCHES diam et er
Syst em generat es:
10 sect ions
Spool lengt h = 20 FEET [ 6.1 M]
TFELS ( m at erial)
20 flanges
200 FEET [ 61 M] Yard Pipe 10 I NCHES diam et er
User ent ers:
Syst em generat es:
5 Sect ions
Spool lengt hs = 40 FEET [ 12 M}
TFELS ( Mat erial)
10 flanges
10 flanges
200 FEET Yard Pipe
10 I NCHES diam et er
TFELS ( Mat erial)
User ent ers:
8 flanges
Syst em generat es:
“ ERROR: Too few flanges on t his run of pipe”
Syst em cannot generat e t his run of year pipe. When t he user ent ers ‘8 flanges,’ t he
syst em t ries t o break t he yard pipe int o 4 sect ions ( Spools) :
The Spool Type Chart indicat es t hat TFELS is a Type 1 spool and cannot exceed a
m axim um lengt h of 40 FEET [ 12 M] on a single spool piece; t herefore, t he syst em
generat es an error m essage.
- Cont inued on next page -
60
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Ya r d Pipe Ex a m ple - cont inued
To de t e r m ine t h e m in im um n um be r of fla nge s on a spool pie ce of ya r d pipe :
1) Det erm ine t he lengt h of t he pipe.
2) Det erm ine t he Spool Type.
3) Look at t he m axim um lengt h of spool for t he spool t ype.
Calculat e:
Minim um Num ber of flanges = ( Lengt h of Pipe / Maxim um Lengt h) x2
Exam ple:
Mat erial = TFELS Spool Type = 1
Lengt h = 200 FEET [ 61 M] Maxim um spool lengt h = 40 FEET [ 12.2 M]
The m inim um num ber of flanges a user could ent er for t his run of pipe is:
( 200 FEET / 40 FEET) x 2 = ( 5 ) x 2 = 10 flanges
[ 61.96 M/ 12.2 M] x 2 = [ 5.000] x 2 = 10 flanges
Ent ering fewer t han 10 flanges will generat e an error in your est im at e.
N ot e : Odd sizes will round up t o t he next int eger.
Mat erial = TFELS Spool Type = 1
Lengt h = 208 FEET [ 63.4 M] Maxim um spool lengt h = 40 FEET [ 12.2 M]
( 208 FEET / 40 FEET) x 2 = ( 5.2 ) x 2 = 11 flanges
( rounds up t o t he next int eger)
[ 63.4 M / 12.2 M] x 2 = ( 6 ) x 2 = 12 flanges
Ent ering fewer t han 12 flanges will generat e an error in t he est im at e.
GB 1 5 0 Pipe M a t e r ia ls
I ca r us
GB M a t e r ia l
GB M a t e r ia l
M a t e r ia l
St a n da r d
D e signa t ion
Sym bol
I nternal
Pr e ssur e
I nternal
Pr e ssur e
M a x Te m p
( D e g F)
M a x Te m p
( D e g C)
A 53
GB/ T 13793
20
662
350
A 106
GB/ T 8163- 2008
20
842
450
A333A
GB 6479
16Mn
887
475
A335B
GB 5310- 2008
15CrMo
1022
550
A335C
GB 5310- 2008
12Cr1MoVG
1067
575
A335D
GB 5310- 2008
12Cr2Mo
1067
575
A335F
GB 6479
1Cr5Mo
1112
600
304P
GB/ T 12771- 2008
06Cr19Ni10
1292
700
304PS
GB/ T 12771- 2008
06Cr19Ni10
1292
700
304LP
GB/ T 12771- 2008
022Cr19Ni10
797
425
304PG
GB/ T 12771- 2008
06Cr19Ni10
1292
700
316P
GB/ T 12771- 2008
06Cr17Ni12Mo2
1292
700
316PS
GB/ T 12771- 2008
06Cr17Ni12Mo2
1292
700
316LP
GB/ T 12771- 2008
022Cr17Ni12Mo2
842
450
316PG
GB/ T 12771- 2008
06Cr17Ni12Mo2
1292
700
317LP
GB/ T 14976- 2008
06Cr19Ni13Mo3
842
450
321P
GB/ T 12771- 2008
O6Cr18Ni11Ti
1292
700
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
61
62
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
63
64
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
I ca r u s’ Pipe Fa br ica t ion ,
Er e ct ion a n d Te st in g
Pr oce du r e s
Code of Account
I ca r us Ope r a t ion
3 X2 FI ELD SH OP FAB
( 312- CS, 322- SS, et c.)
HANDLE AND WELD PREP OPER.
Shop handling for fabricat ion
Weld prep
Pre- heat ing
CUTTI NG PI PE
Flam e cut t ing
Machine cut t ing
BEVELI NG PI PE
Flam e beveling
Machine beveling
WELDI NG ( shop)
But t weld
Repair bad x- ray welds
3X4 REMOTE SHOP FAB
( 3140CS, 324- SS, et c.)
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
W ha t is I nclude d
Unload from t rain/ t ruck
int o shop st orage’ procure
m at erial for fabricat ion;
place com plet ed spools in
t em porary st orage.
Prepare for welding
( clean, pickle, et c.) ;
sm oot h weld ( deburr/
grind) , and clean- up
For t em perat ures up t o
400F [ 204C]
Flam e cut pipe- plain end
Machine cut pipe - plain
end
Flam e bevel pipe for
welding
Machine bevel pipe for
welding
Manual but t weld
Dig out & re- weld bad Xray welds
FI ELD SHOP X- RAY
Radiographic inspect ion
FI ELD SHOP STRESS RELI EF
Local st ress, relieving
TESTI NG, MI SC. CLEANI NG
Clean & polish
Ot her t est ing
User specified
User specified
[ Operat ions sam e as Field Shop] [ Cost account ed as
m at erial cost ]
65
I ca r u s’ Pipe Fa br ica t ion , Er e ct ion a n d Te st in g Pr oce du r e s - cont inued
Code of Account
I ca r us Ope r a t ion
3X7 PI PE ERECTI ON
ERECT SHOP FAB PI PE
( 317- CS, 327- SS, et c.)
66
W ha t is I nclude d
Handle and erect fabricat ed
spool pieces; includes handle
and haul from st orage yard,
unload and rig in place and
align.
ERECT VALVE
Field handle valves, orifice
unions, et c.
BOLT UP CONNECTI ONS
Field at t ach flanges and do
bolt- ups
ERECT STRAI GHT RUN PI PE
Sam e it em as Erect Shop Fab
Pipe
WELDI NG ( field)
Flam e cut t ing
Machine cut t ing
Flam e beveling
Machine beveling
But t weld
Repair bad X- ray welds
Sam e
Sam e
Sam e
Sam e
Sam e
Sam e
FI ELD X- RAY
Sam e it em s as Field Shop Fab
FI ELD STRESS RELI EF
Sam e it em s as Field Shop Fab
307 PREFAB PI PE
REWORK
REPAI R & ADJ PREFAB PI PE
10% of all shop m an- hours
( 12.5% in UK)
306 PI PI NG SYSTEM
TESTI NG
PI PE TESTI NG ( field only)
Hydrost at ic t est ing
it em s
it em s
it em s
it em s
it em s
it em s
as
as
as
as
as
as
Field
Field
Field
Field
Field
Field
Shop
Shop
Shop
Shop
Shop
Shop
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Fab
Prepare for t est ( place blinds &
blanks, open valves, support
it em s, air purge, et c.) ; t est
( fill, pressurize and m onit or
lines, soap t est j oint s) ; clean
up aft er t est ( drain lines,
rem ove t em porary it em s,
close valves, et c.)
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Va lve a n d Fit t in g Opt ion s for
I n st a lla t ion Bu lk Pipin g
Select ions of available valves and fit t ings on inst allat ion bulk piping are list ed
alphabet ically below, wit h t hose available for st andard piping m at erials list ed
separat ely from t hose available only for sanit ary piping m at erials. These
choices are available only on inst allat ion bulk piping ( Piping - Line I t em Det ail)
or when adding inst allat ion bulk piping t hr ough t he use of t he P&I D edit or on
Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or syst em s.
D e scr ipt ion
Sym bol
For St andard Piping Mat erials ( all available piping m at erials
except 304PS and 316PS)
Angle valve
AN
Ball valve
BA
Blind
BL
But t erfly valve
BU
Check valve
CH
DI or SS Vict aulic coupling ( Vict . Pipe only
VS
Elbow
EL
Expansion j oint
ST
Ext ra drains*
DR
Flange ( exclude valve flanges, set by syst em ) * * FL
Gat e valve
GA
Globe valve
GL
Knife gat e valve
KN
None
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Orifice plat e and union
OP
Plug valve
PL
Reducer
RE
Regulat ing valve
RV
Rupt ure disk
RD
Safet y/ relief valve
SV
Spect acle blind
SB
St rainer
ST
St eam t rap
TP
Tee
TE
Tem perat ure valve
TV
Threadolet
TL
67
D e scr ipt ion
Sym bol
Transit ion j oint at m at erial change
TR
* * Drain is defined as a fit t ing assem bly com posed of t hree elbows, one
gat e valve, and 10 FEET ( 3 M) of 0.75 I NCH ( 20 m m ) pipe. However,
t he user can select t he diam et er, lengt h, num ber of fit t ings, and
t ype of fit t ings ( a m axim um of four different t ypes) at t he proj ect
level.
* Flange cost s include cost of gasket s and bolt s.
N ot e : Pipe Fit t ings for sizes great er t han 48” OD:
1. The fabricat ed fit t ing is assum ed t o require a lengt h of pipe
equivalent t o 2 t im es t he nom inal diam et er of t he pipe. For exam ple,
for a 54 inch diam et er pipe, t o fabricat e 1 elbow ( or 1 t ee) would
require 2* 54 inch = 108 inch or 9 ft of pipe.
2. The m at erial cost of t he fabricat ed elbow would equal t hat of 9 feet
of st raight lengt h pipe.
3. The m at erial cost report ed in t he line it em is m ult iplied by t he
num ber of elbows ( or t ees) specified by you. For exam ple, for 2
elbows ( 54 inch diam et er) , t he m at erial cost = 2* 9 ft = 18 feet of
st raight lengt h pipe.
4. The weight of each fabricat ed elbow ( or t ee) is sim ilarly t he weight
of st raight pipe of ( 2 t im es nom inal diam et er) lengt h.
D e scr ipt ion
Sym bol
For Sa n it a r y Pipin g M a t e r ia ls ( 3 0 4 PS a nd 3 1 6 PS) On ly
But t erfly valve - sanit ary, m ax 8 I N[ 200 MM]
BU
Check valve - sanit ary, m ax 4 I N[ 100 MM]
CH
Cross - sanit ary, m ax 8 I N[ 200 MM]
CR
Elbow ( 45 degree) - sanit ary, m ax 8 I N[ 200 MM]
45
Elbow ( 90 degree) - sanit ary, m ax 8 I N[ 200 MM]
EL
Flange - sanit ary ( exclude valve flanges)
FL
Hose adapt er - sanit ary, m ax 4 I N[ 100 MM]
HA
Pipe adapt er- sanit ary, m ax 4 I N[ 100 MM]
PA
Quick- j oint conn. - sanit ary, m ax 4 I N[ 100 MM]
QJ
Reducer ( concen.) - sanit ary, m ax 8 I N[ 200 MM]
RE
Reducer ( eccen.) - sanit ary, m ax 8 I N[ 200 MM]
ER
Safet y valve - sanit ary, m ax 4 I N[ 100 MM]
SV
Swivel- j oint conn. - sanit ary, m ax 4 I N[ 100 MM]
SJ
Tee - sanit ary, m ax 8 I N[ 200 MM]
TE
Threadolet - sanit ary
TL
* * Drain is defined as a fit t ing assem bly com posed of t hree elbows, one gat e
valve, and 10 FEET ( 3 M) of 0.75 I NCH ( 20 m m ) pipe. However, t he user can
select t he diam et er, lengt h, num ber of fit t ings, and t ype of fit t ings ( a
m axim um of four different t ypes) at t he proj ect level.
* Flange cost s include cost of gasket s and bolt s.
68
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
Va lve Tr im Spe cifica t ion s
The valve t rim specificat ions in Aspen I carus cust om pipe specificat ions are
based on t he API - 600 specificat ion. The API - 600 specificat ions pert ain t o st eel
gat e valves only, but Aspen I carus ext ends t hese valve t r im specificat ions t o
apply t o gat e, globe and check valves. Aspen I carus has im plem ent ed a subset
of t he specificat ion based on t he dat a available. The t able below provides a
sum m ary of t he differences bet ween t he t rim choices. Please refer t o t he
specificat ion for furt her inform at ion.
Definition of Aspen Icarus Valve Trim Specifications
API - 6 0 0 Tr im N u m be r Tr im D e fin it ion
Com m e n t s
TRI M 01
F6 Nom inal Trim
Default t rim for all Carbon St eel
Gat e, Globe and Check valves
TRI M 02
SS 304 Trim
Default Trim for all SS Gat e,
Globe and Check Valves
TRI M 05
Hard Faced Trim
Cobalt- chrom ium alloy seat s
TRI M 08
F6 and Hard Faced
TRI M 09
Monel Trim
Default for Monel valves
TRI M 10
SS 316 Trim
Default for SS 316 Valves
TRI M 12
SS316 Trim + Hard faced
Not e t hat select ing a t rim t hat has a lower num ber t han t he default t rim for
t hat valve body m at erial will be ignored ( e.g., select ing TRI M 01 for a Monel
valve is not valid, you m ust select TRI M 09,10,12) . Also, t hese specs do not
apply t o cont rol valves.
Please cont act Aspen I carus if you are int erest ed in working wit h us t o ext end
t he list of choices t o address your requir em ent s.
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
69
70
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
71
72
1 8 Pipin g ( G1 0 )
1 9 Civil
( G8 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
Civil Plant Bulks
Foundat ion Types
Typical St ruct ure Live Loads
Soil Types
Specifying Seism ic Dat a
Specifying Wind Loads
How I carus Calculat es Wind Load and Seism ic Shear
Exam ple of Equipm ent Foundat ion Design
Exam ple of Pile Foundat ion for an Equipm ent
1 9 Civil ( G8 )
19-1
Civil Pla n t Bu lk s
Civil plant bulk it em s include concret e t anks, foundat ions and st ruct ures.
D e scr ipt ion
Concret e t anks: above grade, circular/ rect angular
Type
ABVGR TAN K
Sha pe sym bol:
CYLI N- Cylindrical t ank
RECT- Rect angular t ank
I nside le ngt h or dia m e t e r :
Ent er lengt h for rect angular t anks or diam et er for
cylindrical t anks.
I n side w idt h :
Ent er lengt h for rect angular t anks, leave blank for
cylindrical t anks.
Fluid de nsit y: Default : * 62.4* PCF [ * 1,000* KG/ M3]
Fou n da t ion t h ick ne ss: Min: 4.0 I NCHES [ 100 MM]
W a ll t hick ne ss t op: Min: 4.0 I NCHES [ 100 MM]
W a ll t hick ne ss bot t om : Min: 4.0 I NCHES [ 100 MM]
Soil t ype : See “ Soil Types” lat er in t his chapt er.
19-2
1 9 Civil ( G8 )
Civ il Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Concret e t anks: below grade, circular/ rect angular
BELGR TAN K
Sha pe sym bol:
CYLI N- Cylindrical t ank
RECT- Rect angular t ank
I nside le ngt h or dia m e t e r :
Ent er lengt h for rect angular t anks or diam et er for
cylindrical t anks.
I n side w idt h :
Ent er lengt h for rect angular t anks, leave blank for
cylindrical t anks.
Fluid de nsit y:
Default : * 62.4* PCF [ * 1,000* KG/ M3]
Fou n da t ion t h ick ne ss: Min: 4.0 I NCHES [ 100 MM]
W a ll t hick ne ss t op: Min: 4.0 I NCHES [ 100 MM]
W a ll t hick ne ss bot t om : Min: 4.0 I NCHES [ 100 MM]
H e igh t a bove gr ou nd:
Ent er height t hat wall proj ect s above grade. Default :
Top flush wit h grade * 0.0* .
Soil t ype :
See “ Soil Types” lat er in t his chapt er. I nclude
allowance ( m at erial and labor) for shoring if soil t ype
is SAND or poorer; full exposed surface and dept h is
shored. No equipm ent rent al included.
Concret e foundat ions, st ruct ures: 18 t ypes ( see
Foundat ion Types lat er in t his chapt er)
CON CRETE
Various t ypes of concret e it em s. Mat erial quant it ies
are per it em .
I f using Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or, see Aspen
Capit al Cost Est im at or User ’s Guide, Chapt er 4,
“ Defining Report Groups, Areas, and Proj ect
Com ponent s,” for inform at ion on cust om izing
foundat ion dat a by using an ext ernal file t o define
foundat ion quant it ies, m an- hours, and cost s.
Concr e t e qu a nt it y:
Ent er design quant it y, overpour will be added based
on it em t ype.
Fou n da t ion t ype :
See “ Foundat ion Types” lat er in t his chapt er.
Ex ca va t ion qu a nt it y: ‘Default : Excavat ion, form work
and rebar based on concret e quant it y and t ype.
Re ba r qua nt it y:
Default : Excavat ion, form work and rebar based on
concret e quant it y and t ype.
For m w or k qu a nt it y:
Default : Excavat ion, form work and rebar based on
concret e quant it y and t ype.
- Cont inued on next page -
1 9 Civil ( G8 )
19-3
Civ il Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
CON CRETE - cont inued
Gr ou t qu a n t it y:
Default : * 0.0* CY [ * 0.0* M3] . Non- shrink grout .
An ch or s a n d e m be dm e nt s:
Default : = 0 if grout = 0; det erm ined from concret e
quant it y if ext ernal civil file exist s, or else det erm ined
from grout quant it y.
Se a lcoa t or lin e r t ype :
SC- Sealcoat
GM- St andard geosynt het ic m em brane
C1- Bent onit e clay liner - 1 m em brane
C2- Bent onit e clay liner - 2 m em branes
* NO* - No sealcoat or m em brane liner
Se a lcoa t or lin e r a r e a :
Default 0.0 SY
M e m br a n e t h ick n e ss:
Default 0.060 I NCHES [ 1.50 MM] ; Min: 0.020 I NCHES
[ 0.500 MM] ; Max: 0.120 [ 3.0 MM]
How I carus Calculat es t he foundat ion foot print surface area.
Conver t t o a square of equivalent size.
•
Excavat ed foot print = equivalent square + allowance [ Widt h] for form work.
•
Dept h of foot ing [ t o t he frost line] in your Proj ect Civil Design Basis = 1
FOOT
•
Blinding slab covers t he foot print of t he equivalent- sized square.
N ot e : You can specify t he excavat ion slope in t he proj ect and area level civil
specs. By default , I carus calculat es excavat ion slope based on soil t ype.
19-4
1 9 Civil ( G8 )
Civ il Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Scaffold labor: erect , dism ant le
SCAFFOLD
Tem porary t ubular st eel scaffold, rent al excluded.
Default plank area = L x W.
Concret e drainage t rench, grat e cover
TREN CH
Ave r a ge in ve r t de pt h :
Default : * 18* I NCHES [ * 450* MM]
Tr e nch w idt h:
Default : * 12* I NCHES [ * 300* MM]
Tank cont ainm ent wit h concret e paving and
surrounding wall wit h coat ing
CON TAI N M N T
D e pt h of pa ving:
Default : * 8* I NCHES [ * 200* MM]
W a ll he ight :
Default : * 3* FEET [ * 0.900* M]
W a ll t hick ne ss:
Default : * 12* I NCHES [ * 300* MM]
N u m be r of st a ir w a ys:
Access st airway over wall. Default : * 2* .
Se a lcoa t opt ion :
Default : * YES*
YES- Concret e sealer coat ing required
NO- No sealer coat ing
Tank cont ainm ent wit h diked area and geom em brane D I KE M EM BR
Cont a ine d le ngt h :
Lengt h, widt h and dept h of diked area.
Cont a ine d w idt h:
Lengt h, widt h and dept h of diked area.
- Cont inued on next page -
1 9 Civil ( G8 )
19-5
Civ il Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
D I KE M EM BR - cont inued
Cont a ine d de pt h :
Lengt h, widt h and dept h of diked area. Default : * 6*
FEET [ * 1.80* M]
I m por t e d fill de pt h:
I m port ed fill for m em brane bedding and/ or prot ect ive
cover. Default : * 12* I NCHES [ * 300* MM]
Unit cost of fill:
I m port ed fill for m em brane bedding and/ or prot ect ive
cover. Default : * 0.0* currency/ CY [ * 0.0* currency/
M3]
M e m br a n e t h ick n e ss:
Range: 0.020 - 0.120 I NCHES [ 0.500 - 300 MM] ;
Default : * 0.060* I NCHES [ * 1.50* MM]
M e m br a ne line r t ype :
* GM* - St andard geosynt het ic m em brane liner
C1- Bent onit e clay liner - 1 m em brane
C2- Bent onit e clay liner - 2 m em brane sandwich
NO- No geosynt het ic m em brane liner
W idt h a t t op of dik e :
Default : 6 FT [ 1.8 M]
W idt h a t bot t om of dik e :
Default : 18 FT [ 5.5 M]
19-6
1 9 Civil ( G8 )
Civ il Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Above grade or buried yard piping
YARD PI PE
See Chapt er 18, “ Piping”
Above grade or buried piping
PI PE
See Chapt er 18, “ Piping”
High densit y polyet hylene pipe, fusion bonded
H D PE
See Chapt er 18, “ Piping”
Buried concret e pipe
See Chapt er 18, “ Piping”
RCON PI PE
Building
BUI LD I N G
See Chapt er 26, “ Buildings”
Organic, m et allic, abrasion resist . lining
LI N I N G
M a t e r ia l:
* EPLCS* - Epoxt resin lining
ASRSN- Asphalt resin lining
PHRSN- Phenolic resin lining
PVDF- Kynar sheet lining
TFELS- Teflon sheet lining
BUTYL - But yle rubber sheet 1/ 4 I NCH [ 6 MM]
NATRB- Nat ural rubber sheet 1/ 4 I NCH [ 6 MM]
NI TRL- Nit rile rubber sheet 1/ 4 I NCH [ 6 MM]
HYPLN- Hypalon rubber sheet 1/ 4 I NCH [ 6 MM]
NEPNE- Neoprene sheet 1/ 4 I NCH [ 6 MM]
CLEAD- Chem ical lead 16 PSF [ 80 KG/ M2]
I - ZN- I norganic zinc coat 3 MI L [ 0.08 MM]
ZNMZL- Flam e sprayed zinc 8 MI L [ 0.20 MM]
CERML- Ceram ic liner, light abrasion and im pact
CERMM- Ceram ic liner, m ed. abrasion, light im pact
CERMH- Ceram ic liner, hvy. abrasion, light im pact
CERMV- Ceram ic liner, hvy. abrasion, heavy im pact
ABRPL- Abrasion resist ant plat e 1 I NCH [ 25 MM]
REPRB- Replaceable rubber lining 1 I NCH [ 25 MM]
LS304- Replaceable SS304 plat e 1 I NCH [ 25 MM]
LS316- Replaceable SS316 plat e 1 I NCH [ 25 MM]
Lining adj ust m ent : * 4.00* ; MI N: 1.00; MAX: 10.0;
Adj ust m ent : 1= large flat area, 4= t ypical; 10= sm all
obst ruct ed area, congest ed space
1 9 Civil ( G8 )
19-7
Civ il Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Pipe rack
PI PE RACK
See Chapt er 20, “ St eel”
Tee or bent t ype pipe sleepers
PI PE SUPPT
See Chapt er 20, “ St eel”
Open Concret e St ruct ure
OPN CON ST
Precast or Cast - in- place concret e open st ruct ure. The
default st ruct ure t ype is Precast . St ruct ure can have
com binat ion of grat ing and concret e floor slab. I n
Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or, you can load equipm ent
int o an open st ruct ure by assigning t he st ruct ure and
t he equipm ent t he sam e St ruct ure Tag Num ber. See
chapt er 20, " Open St eel St ruct ure" .
Concret e st ruct ure t o support equipm ent s wit h t he
opt ion of cast - in- place or precast st ruct ure.
I ncludes colum ns, beam s, floor slab, grat ing, siding,
handrail and t oeplat es, st airways, light ing, elect rical
panelboard and supply wiring/ conduit .
The num ber of levels, if not specified is det erm ined
from t he t ot al height and a level- t o- level spacing of 15
FEET [ 4.5 M] .
The bay span and bay widt h represent t he t ypical
colum n spacing and is used t o det erm ine t he num ber
of colum ns and colum n load.
You can load equipm ent int o an open st ruct ure by
assigning t he st ruct ure and t he equipm ent , t he
sam e User Tage Num ber ( Refer Open st eel st ruct ure)
N u m be r of Floor s:
Default : based on st ruct ure height and approxim at e
floor height of 15 FEET [ 4.5M]
D ist r ibu t e d Loa d pe r Le ve l:
Default : 300 PSF [ 14 KN/ M2]
- Cont inued on next page -
19-8
1 9 Civil ( G8 )
Civ il Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
OPN CON ST - cont inued
St r u ct u r e Type :
* PREC * - Precast concret e st ruct ure
CONC - Cast- in- place concret e st ruct ure
Concr e t e Type :
Default : as specified in unit area civil specs.
Ba y spa n : Default : 20- 25 FEET [ 6- 7.6 M]
Ba y w idt h : Default : 20- 25 FEET [ 6- 7.6 M]
N u m be r of st a ir w a ys:
Default : 1 + 1 per 5000 SF [ 500 M2] of area per
floor
Floor sla b pe r ce nt of a r e a : Default : 75
Floor sla b t hick n e ss: Concret e slab t hickness.
Default : I f not specified, syst em calculat es
based on span and loading.
Floor grat e - percent of area: Default : 0
Gr a t ing t ype :
Default : grat ing t ype from area st eel specs
Siding per wall area: Default : 0
Siding t ype :
* CORR * - Corrugat ed siding
NSUL - insulat ed siding
W ind For ce Adj ust m e nt :
Addit ional adj ust m ent for wind force specified in
proj ect civil design specs. Default : 1
Se ism ic For ce Adj u st m e nt :
Addit ional adj ust m ent for seism ic force specified
in proj ect civil design specs. Default : 1
1 9 Civil ( G8 )
19-9
Fou n da t ion Type s
Type
Sym bol Type
D e scr ipt ion
1
OCT+ PROJ
Oct agon Slabs and Piers wit h Proj ect ion.
Founda t ion
2
OCTAGONL
Oct agon Slabs and Piers wit hout Proj ect ion.
Founda t ion
3
PAVI NG
MASSPOUR
Typica l Applica t ion
Mass Pours - Large Mat s, Pile Caps, and Ot her
Shapes - 25 CY [ 19 M3] m inim um .
Founda t ion
19-10
Typica l Applica t ion
Area Paving.
Founda t ion
4
Typica l Applica t ion
Typica l Applica t ion
1 9 Civil ( G8 )
Fou n da t ion Ty pe s - cont inued
Type
Sym bol Type
D e scr ipt ion
5
SM BLOCK
Sm all Blocks - Pum ps, Com pressors, 3 CY [ 2.3 M3]
or less.
Founda t ion
6
LG BLOCK
7
PI LE CAPS
Large Blocks - Large Com pressors, Turbines 3- 25
CY [ 2.3- 1.9 M3] .
Founda t ion
CONDUI T
RI NG
Typica l Applica t ion
Circular Ring Foundat ion - For Large Tanks.
Founda t ion
1 9 Civil ( G8 )
Typica l Applica t ion
Conduit Envelope.
Founda t ion
9
Typica l Applica t ion
Pile Caps - 5 CY [ 3.8 M3] or less.
Founda t ion
8
Typica l Applica t ion
Typica l Applica t ion
19-11
Fou n da t ion Ty pe s - cont inued
Type
Sym bol Type
D e scr ipt ion
10
BASI N
Basins.
11
EL SLAB
Founda t ion
Founda t ion
12
COLM/ BM
WALL
GRI ND BM
Typica l Applica t ion
Grade Beam .
Founda t ion
19-12
Typica l Applica t ion
Wall and Wall Foot ings.
Founda t ion
14
Typica l Applica t ion
Colum ns and Beam s.
Founda t ion
13
Typica l Applica t ion
Elevat ed Slab.
Typica l Applica t ion
1 9 Civil ( G8 )
Fou n da t ion Ty pe s - cont inued
Type
Sym bol Type
D e scr ipt ion
15
PI ER
Piers.
Founda t ion
16
FOOTI NG
Colum n Foot ings, Sleepers.
Founda t ion
17
BOX
SLAB GRB
Typica l Applica t ion
Slab on grade.
Founda t ion
1 9 Civil ( G8 )
Typica l Applica t ion
Valve Boxes, Manholes et c.
Founda t ion
18
Typica l Applica t ion
Typica l Applica t ion
19-13
Typica l St r u ct u r e Live Loa ds
Typica l D ist r ibu t e d
St r u ct u r e Loa ds
Re m a r k s
PSF
[ KB/ M 2 ]
50.0
2.5
Minim um possible design loading.
150.0
7.0
Most ly access and plat form areas, m inor equipm ent
support and st airways
300.0
14.0
Designed for average elevat ed equipm ent support s,
plat form areas, and st airways; open const ruct ion used for
m ost of t he st ruct ure.
450.0
21.0
Designed for heavy equipm ent support s, crane or cat alyst
loading st ruct ures, som e covered const ruct ion ( m et al
siding for pot ent ial wind loads) , and out side freight .
600.0
28.0
Elevat ors ( lift s) ; equipm ent , cranes, elevat ors ( lift s) not
included.
Soil Type s
Soil Type
Soil Type
Sym bol
Soil Loa ding
PSF
19-14
Soil D e nsit y
KN / M 2 PCF
KG/ M 3
Soft dry clay in t hick beds
SOFT CLAY
2000
100
60
960
Firm dry clay
FI RM CLAY
4000
200
70
1120
Wet Sand
WET SAND
4000
200
120
1920
Sand m ixed wit h dry clay
SAND+ CLAY 4000
200
85
1360
Dry com pact sand
DRY SAND
6000
300
100
1600
Coarse com pact sand
SAND
8000
400
90
1440
Com pact gravel
GRAVEL
12000 600
95
1520
Soft friable rock or shale form at ion
SOFT ROCK
16000 800
105
1680
Hardpan or com pact sandst one beds
HARDPAN
20000 1000
106
1700
Medium rock or granit e form at ion
MED- ROCK
30000 1400
108
1730
Hard rock form at ion
HARD ROCK
80000 3800
110
1760
1 9 Civil ( G8 )
Spe cifyin g Se ism ic D a t a
There are four different ways t o specify seism ic dat a. Because t he syst em act ually uses
horizont al accelerat ion ( m easured in g: 0.17 m eans 17% of " g" ) t o get t he seism ic
load, t he m ost accurat e way of specifying your seism ic design requirem ent s is t o
specify t he accelerat ion value t o be designed for in t he H or izon t a l a cce le r a t ion field.
Ent ering Mercalli Num ber or UBC Zone is less accurat e because it forces t he syst em t o
est im at e accelerat ion using t he following t able.
UBC Zone
M e r ca lli num be r
Acce le r a t ion ( g)
0
1,2,3,4
0.017
1
5,6
0.075
2A ( A)
0.15
2B ( 2)
7
0.20
3
8
0.30
4
9,10,11,12
0.40
Using t he Ss and S1 param et ers provides very accurat e seism ic dat a as well, which you
can t hen t weak if you want using t he H or izon t a l a cce le r a t ion field.
I m por t a n t : Because I car us provides four m et hods of specifying seism ic dat a,
it is im por t ant t o not e t he hierarchy of t he m et hods.
1
Horizont al accelerat ion ( g)
2
UBC zone
3
Mercalli num ber
4
Ss
5
S1
Thus, for exam ple, t he SS and SS1 param et ers is used only if t he H or izont a l
a cce le r a t ion ( g) , UBC n u m be r and M e r ca lli zon e fields are blank.
Usin g t h e Ss a n d S1 pa r a m e t e r s t o spe cify
se ism ic da t a
Ss pa r a m e t e r :
•
definit ion: t he Mapped Maxim um Considered Eart hquake ( MCE) ground
m ot ion of 0.2 sec Spect ral Response Accelerat ion ( 5% of Crit ical Dam ping)
•
t he Ss param et er is locat ion specific and is det erm ined from a seism ic
ground m ot ion m ap including in t he ASCE 7 St andards
•
see ht t p: / / eart hquake.usgs.gov/ hazards/ designm aps for online resources
t hat will provide t he value for t he Ss param et er based on t he version of
ASCE 7 and t he locat ion’s lat t it ude/ longit ude.
The Ss param et er ’s default is based on t he proj ect ’s count ry base as shown
below:
1 9 Civil ( G8 )
•
US Count ry Base, S_s = 0.09
•
UK Count ry Base, S_s = 0.29
•
JP Count ry Base, S_s = 1.87
19-15
•
EU Count ry Base, S_s = 0.14
•
ME Count ry Base, S_s = 0.11
S1 pa r a m e t e r :
•
definit ion: t he Mapped Maxim um Considered Eart hquake ( MCE) ground
m ot ion of 1.0 sec Spect ral Response Accelerat ion ( 5% of Crit ical Dam ping)
•
t he S1 param et er is locat ion specific and is det erm ined from a seism ic
ground m ot ion m ap including in t he ASCE 7 St andards
•
see ht t p: / / eart hquake.usgs.gov/ hazards/ designm aps for online resources
t hat will provide t he value for t he S1 param et er based on t he version of
ASCE 7 and t he locat ion’s lat t it ude/ longit ude.
The S1 param et er ’s default is based on t he pr oj ect ’s count ry base as shown
below:
•
US Count ry Base, S_1 = 0.04
•
UK Count ry Base, S_1 = 0.11
•
JP Count ry Base, S_1 = 0.75
•
EU Count ry Base, S_1 = 0.06
•
ME Count ry Base, S_1 = 0.04
I n order t o det erm ine t he seism ic ground accelerat ion for a given locat ion, t he
ASCE 7 st andards require t he following param et ers:
•
Occupancy/ Risk Cat egory
•
Soil Type
•
Ss
•
S1
I carus provides count ry- based default s for t he Soil Type, Ss and S1
param et ers. The Occupancy/ Risk Cat egory default is I I I . But t hese seism ic
param et ers can vary significant ly wit h in a given count ry. Ther efore, once t he
sit e locat ion is known, it is very im port ant t o updat e t he seism ic param et ers
for accurat e est im at ion purposes.
To obt a in a ccu r a t e loca t ion - spe cific pa r a m e t e r s:
1
Brow se t o t he int ernet sit e: h t t p:/ / e a r t hqua k e .u sgs.gov/ ha za r ds/
de sign m a ps/ .
2
Use one of t he following t hr ee t ools pr ovided at t he sit e:
•
Java Ground Mot ion Param et er Calculat or
Use t his applicat ion t o look up Ss and S1 in accordance wit h ASCE 7- 05.
This applicat ion is applicable only t o U.S. st at es and t errit ories.
•
U.S. Seism ic D e sign M a ps Web Applicat ion
Use t his applicat ion t o look up Ss and S1 in accordance wit h ASCE 7- 10.
This applicat ion is applicable only t o U.S. st at es and t errit ories.
•
19-16
Worldwide Seism ic D e signM a ps Web Applicat ion
1 9 Civil ( G8 )
Use t his applicat ion t o look up Ss and S1 in areas out side t he U.S. st at es
and t errit ories. This dat a is obt ained from t he Global Seism ic Hazard
Assessm ent Program ( GSHAP) . You can use t his dat a wit h ASCE 7- 05 or
ASCE 7- 10.
Spe cifyin g W in d Loa ds
The current wind load design com plies wit h ASCE 7- 05. I t assum es an
im port ance fact or of 1.15, which corresponds wit h Occupancy Cat egory I I I ,
t he default value.
You can choose t he Occupancy cat egory at t he proj ect and area levels by using
t he ASCE 7 Occupa n cy/ Risk Ca t e gor y drop- dow n list . The I carus wind
design calculat ions det erm ine t he im port ance fact or based on t he select ed
cat egory.
Once you have select ed t he appr opriat e version of ASCE 7 and t he Occupancy/
Risk Cat egory t hat is suit able for t he proj ect , you should specify t he wind dat a
input fields as well, unless you deem t he default values ar e appropriat e for
your proj ect .
The Japan locat ion index, t he Wind force adj ust m ent , and t he Wind exposure
cat egory are not dependent on t he version of ASCE 7 select ed. However, it is
very im port ant t o specify eit her t he Wind velocit y or t he Wind load according
t o eit her ASCE 7- 05 or ASCE 7- 10. Bot h versions of ASCE 7 include wind speed
m aps, but t he wind velocit y and select ion crit eria vary.
ASCE 7- 05 uses wind speed m aps t hat are based on nom inal 3- second guest
speeds in m iles per hour at 33 feet above ground for Exposure C cat egory. I f
you specify an alt er nat ive exposur e cat egory, I carus adj ust s t he wind load
calculat ions as necessary.
ASCE 7- 10 uses wind speed m aps t at are also based on nom inal 3- second gust
wind speeds in m iles per hour at 33 feet above gr ound for Exposure C
cat egory. However, t he appropriat e m ap m ust be chosen based on t he
Occupancy Cat egory. Also, t he wind velocit ies are higher t han t hose found in
t he ASCE 7- 05 st andard. I carus does NOT adj ust t he wind velocit y based on
t he drop- down select ion of t he ASCE 7 Occupancy/ Risk Cat egory. I f you
specify an alt ernat ive exposure cat egory, I carus adj ust s t he wind load
calculat ions as necessary.
The Applied Technology Council provides a W in d Spe e d W e b Sit e t hat
provides sit e- specific wind speeds based on t he sit e’s lat it ude and longit ude at
h t t p:/ / a t cou n cil.or g/ w in dspe e d/ . However, wind speeds are available
only for U.S. st at es and t errit ories.
H ow I ca r u s Ca lcu la t e s W in d
Loa d a n d Se ism ic Sh e a r
1 ) W in d Ve locit y
The Wind Velocit y t o be ent ered is t he Basic Wind Speed which is t he 3- second
gust speed at 33 ft ( 10m ) above ground. I carus calculat es t he Wind Load
1 9 Civil ( G8 )
19-17
profile along t he height based on t he ASCE St andard: Minim um Design Loads
for Buildings and Ot her St ruct ures. I carus uses a default Wind Exposure C and
a Wind Velocit y of 100 MPH [ 160 KMPH] at 33', which corresponds t o a Wind
load ( velocit y pressure qz) of 30 PSF.
N ot e : You can ent er t he Wind load dir ect ly in t he W in d loa d field.
qz = 0.00256 Kz Kzt V * V * I ( lb/ sq ft )
You can select Wind exposure [ B, C, D] and Default Wind Exposure is C.
Default Kzt = 1.0 and I m port ance fact or I = 1.15.
For Exposure " C" , Kz= 1.0 at 33'
For V = 100 MPH and Exposure " C"
qz= 0.00256* 1.0* 1.0* 100* 100* 1.15 = 29.5 PSF at 33': t his is t he default
pressure ( 30 PSF)
I carus develops t he Wind profile along t he height as in t he code and t hen
calculat e t he wind load along t he height .
2 ) Use of W in d For ce Adj u st m e n t ( de fa ult = 1 .0 )
I f you want t o m ake adj ust m ent s t o t he wind load or Kzt * I , it could be ent ered
in W in d For ce adj ust m ent as a fact or.
I carus also uses:
Gust effect fact or ( Gf ) = 1.0 for exposure C ( not 0.85)
Cf = 0.7 for Vert ical Vessels and 1.4 for st ruct ures
Addit ional I carus fact or: 1.10
Adj ust ed Pressure at 33' = qz* Cf * windadj * 1.10
3 ) Se ism ic a cce le r a t ion ( g) a n d Se ism ic For ce Adj u st m e n t
( de fa u lt = 1 .0 )
I carus use t he input value of t he H or izon t a l a cce le r a t ion field ( m easured in
g: 0.17 m eans 17% of " g" ) direct ly t o get t he Seism ic Shear. I n t he case of
equipm ent s, I carus uses an addit ional fact or of 1.1, I carus does not m ake any
ot her adj ust m ent s.
Seism ic Shear = Operat ing weight of Equipm ent * 1.10 * Seism ic accelerat ion
* Seism icForceAdj ust m ent .
N ot e : When t he Ja pa n loca t ion in de x field is specified wit h a Japanese
count ry base, a Japanese wind design is perform ed t hat is independent of t he
ASCE 7 wind design.
Ex a m ple of Equ ipm e n t
Fou n da t ion D e sign
Vessel Dia. = 8'
= 100 MPH
Height = 20' Allowable soil pressure = 4000 psf, Wind speed
Syst e m Ca lcu la t ion s:
Wt of Vessel = 9300 lbs
Mom ent due t o wind = 124031 lb- ft
19-18
1 9 Civil ( G8 )
Top Area reqd. = 0.828* ( Dia + 2.0) * * 2 = 0.828* 10* 10 = 82.8 sf
frost ht = 4.0 ft
self wt of foot ing = t op area * ( frost + 1) * 150.0 = 82.8* 5.0* 150.0 = 62100
lbs
Tot al Weight = 9300 + 62100 = 71400 lbs
eccent ricit y = 124031/ 71400 = 1.737'
For t he exam ple above, and soil pressur e, we have Type 2 foot ing, c.s. area =
82.8 is sufficient .
This can be verified if we use t he form ula for square foot ing:
71400/ ( B* * 2) + 124031/ ( B* * 3 / 6) = 4000
Area = B* B
Concret e = 82.8* ( frost + 1) / 27 = 15.33 CY
For Type 2 Fou n da t ion:
Cont act Surface form work = 15.0 sf/ cy * 15.33 cy = 230 sf
Back- up- lum ber = 30.0 BF/ cy * 15.33 cy = 460 BF
Rebar quant it y = 70 # / cy * 15.33 cy / 2000 = 0.56 Tons
M a n hour s:
( need som e adj ust m ent based on t he quant it y unless ext ernal file is used)
Form work Fabr icat ion = 0.08 m h / sf * 230 sf = 18* adj . = 22
Form work I nst allat ion = ( 0.30* 0.83) * 230 = 57* adj . = 35
Form work St rip & Clean = ( 0.30* 0.17) * 230 = 12* adj . = 12
Rebar I nst allat ion = 16.0/ Ton * 0.56 = 9* adj .= 14
Pour & Finish Concret e = 2.0/ CY * 15.33 = 30.66* adj = 30
Ex a m ple of Pile Fou n da t ion for
a n Equ ipm e n t
Th is is a sa m ple ca lcu la t ion :
Process equipm ent : VT CYLI NDER
Vessel Diam et er = 12 feet
Height = 20 feet
Wind Speed = 100 MPH
From Area Civil Specs for pile design:
Foot ing dept h ( frost height ) = 4 feet
Pile Design Requir em ent = PI LE; Pile Type = HP; Com pressive Capacit y= 90
t ons; Tensile capacit y = 45 t ons;
Driven Dept h = 60 feet ; Pile Spacing = 4 feet ; shear capacit y = 2 t ons
1 9 Civil ( G8 )
19-19
Equipm ent Loading from Syst em :
Wt of Vessel = 20800 lbs
Wind Force
= 12695 lbs
Mom ent due t o wind = 260237 lb- ft
base Area = 0.828* ( Dia + 2.0) * * 2 = 0.828* 14* 14 = 162.288 sf
Weight of Concret e = 133888 lbs
D.L. wit h vessel em pt y = Weight of Vessel+ Weight of Concret e +
Weight of Soil ( if t here is proj ect ion) = 20800+ 133888+ 0 = 154688 lbs
Weight of wat er ( w e assum e 50% full for pile design) = 70573 lbs
Maxim um Weight = Em pt y weight + weight of Wat er = 154688+ 70573 =
225261 lbs
Radius of Pile Group = ( diam et er - 1) / 2.0 = 5.5 ft
Minim um num ber of Piles = 4 ( For individual foundat ions like piperack, open
st eel t he m inim um is 2 per colum n)
Num ber of piles based on shear = ( 12695/ 2000) t ons / 2t ons= 4
Max. Num ber of piles possible based on spacing = 8
St art wit h 4 piles and t hen calculat e t he m axim um load per pile based on t he
Vert ical Load and Mom ent ( for
com pression w e use t he Maxim um weight , and for Tension we use t he weight
wit hout wat er, t he base m om ent
here is t he m om ent due t o wind) .
Checks whet her load per pile is less t han allowable load. I f it requires m ore
t han 8 piles, we t ry t o pr ovide a
inner circle of piles.
Num ber of piles required in t his case = 4
19-20
1 9 Civil ( G8 )
2 0 St e e l
( G6 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
St eel Plant Bulks
How I CARUS Generat es t he Num ber of Colum n St rut s
2 0 St e e l ( G6 )
20-1
St e e l Pla n t Bu lk s
St eel plant bulks include st ruct ures, assem blies and com ponent s.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Open st ruct ure: colum ns/ girders/ beam s/ X- brace,
grat e, st airs
I ncludes colum ns, girders, beam s, cross- bracing,
grat ing and colum n foot ings, handrail and t oeplat es,
and st airways. St airways are “ t hrough- going,”
m eaning each one ext ends from t he t op- m ost floor
level down t o t he grat e.
OPN STL ST
The default design is bolt ed fram e, for which bolt ed
connect ions are provided. The design is changed t o
rigid fram e if t he user chooses FEM or F as t he
Analysis Type, in which case a rigid connect ion is
provided.
The num ber of levels, if not specified, is det erm ined
from t he t ot al height and a level- t o- level spacing of 15
FEET [ 4.5 M] , rounded t o t he nearest whole num ber;
m inim um of one level.
The bay span and widt h represent t he t ypical colum n
spacing and is used t o det erm ine t he num ber of
colum ns and colum n load. The bay span is used t o size
t he support beam s, and bay widt h is used t o size t he
m ain girders connect ing t o t he colum ns.
- Cont inued on next page -
20-2
2 0 St e e l ( G6 )
St e e l Pla nt Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
OPN STL ST - cont inued
The m axim um num ber of open st eel st ruct ures in an
area is 10.
I n Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or, you can load
equipm ent int o an open st eel st ruct ure by assigning
t he st ruct ure and t he equipm ent t he sam e St ruct ure
Tag Num ber. The st ruct ure m ust be added t o t he area
before t he equipm ent , or else t he syst em will generat e
an error. However, when t he st ruct ures are evaluat ed,
t hey appear at t he end of t he area's det ailed design
dat asheet , equipm ent list , and det ailed bulks. The
syst em evaluat es t hem last because t he equipm ent
t hat goes in t he st ruct ures m ust be evaluat ed first
before t heir calculat ed weight s are added t o t he
st ruct ure's loading.
The flow chart on t he following page shows t he logic
for hanging equipm ent in st eel st ruct ures.
N u m be r of floor s:
Default : based on st ruct ure height and approxim at e
floor height of 15 FEET [ 4.5 M] .
D ist r ibut e d loa d pe r le ve l:
Default : * 300* PSF [ * 14.0* KN/ M2]
Ba y spa n :
Bay dim ensions det erm ine colum n spacing.
Default : 20- 25 FEET [ 6- 7.6 M] each way.
Ba y w idt h :
Bay dim ensions det erm ine colum n spacing.
Default : 20- 25 FEET [ 6- 7.6 M] each way.
N u m be r of st a ir w a ys:
Default : 1 + 1 per 5,000 SF [ 500 M2] of area per floor.
St r uct ur a l st e e l a na lysis:
S- Sim plified st ress analysis
F- 2D finit e elem ent rigid fram e analysis ( required if a
rigid fram e analysis wit h deflect ion check is desired)
Colu m n ba se opt ion :
FI XED- Rigid connect ion at colum n base.
* PI NNED* - Pinned connect ion at colum n base.
Floor gr a t e s pe r a r e a :
Default : * 75*
Gr a t ing t ype :
See “ Grat ing Types” lat er in t his chapt er.
Siding pe r w a ll a r e a :
Default : 0% ; Min.: 0% ; Max: 100%
- Cont inued on next page -
2 0 St e e l ( G6 )
20-3
St e e l Pla nt Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
OPN STL ST - cont inued
Siding t ype :
* CORR* - corrugat ed siding
I NSUL- insulat ed siding
Sla b t hick ne ss: Default : * 4* I NCHES [ * 100 MM] ;
Min: 2 I NCHES [ 50 MM] ; Max: 8 I NCHES. Concret e
slab t hickness over form ed shell deck, applicable if
slab% area > 0.
Floor sla b pe r ce nt of a r e a : Default : 0% ; Min: 0% ;
Max: 100% . Tot al of floor slab% area and floor grat e%
area m ust not be m ore t han 100% .
20-4
2 0 St e e l ( G6 )
2 0 St e e l ( G6 )
20-5
St e e l Pla nt Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
St eel pipe rack: colum ns, beam s, X- brace, cat walk,
PI PE RACK
st airs, ladders
I ncludes colum ns, lat eral and longit udinal m em bers,
cross- bracing, colum n foot ings, cat walks, handrail and
t oeplat es, st airs, and ladders ( caged if over 10 FEET [ 3
M] ) .
Main bent s have rigid connect ions bet ween beam s and
colum ns at odd num bered levels. Ot herwise all j oint s
are pinned connect ions. Colum n base m ay be rigid or
pinned connect ion. Piping loads are defined as
dist ribut ed load per level. An air cooler load can be
defined above t op level if required. Wide racks m ay
require a t hird colum n at t he m idpoint of t he beam s in
each bent . The height t o t he first level is defined
separat ely since it is usually bigger t han t he height
bet ween levels which is assum ed t o be uniform . ( A
sket ch of a t ypical pipe rack is locat ed on t he following
page.)
W idt h: * 20* FEET [ * 6.0* M] Max 120 FEET[ 36M]
H e igh t : * 20* FEET [ * 6.0* M] Max 60 FEET[ 18M]
N u m be r of le ve ls: * 1*
H e ight t o 1 st le ve l:
* 12.0* FEET; MI N: 8.00 FEET; MAX: 40 FEET[ 12M]
Pipe r a ck t ype :
* STEEL* - All st eel piperack
CONC- S- Concret e fram e and st eel sheet s.
CONC- P- Concret e fram e and precast conc. st rut s
PRECAST- All precast concret e piperack
St r uct ur a l st e e l a na lysis:
S- Sim plified st ress analysis
F- 2D finit e elem ent rigid fram e analysis
M a in be nt spa cing:
Default : * 20.0* FEET
Longit udinal colum n spacing along rack.
Thir d colum n opt ion:
Opt ion is for sm all racks. Racks wider t han 40 FEET
[ 12 M] get t hree colum n rows.
YES- Third colum n now required ( 2 bay rack)
NO- No t hird colum n ( 1 bay rack)
Colu m n ba se opt ion :
FI XED- Rigid connect ion at colum n base.
* PI NNED* - Pinned connect ion at colum n base.
- Cont inued on next page
-
20-6
2 0 St e e l ( G6 )
St e e l Pla nt Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
PI PE RACK - cont inued
D ist r ibut e d loa d pe r le ve l:
* 50* PSF [ * 2.5* KN/ M2]
Air coole r loa ding: * 0.0*
Air cool dist ribut ed load above t op rack level, if any.
Ca t w a lk w idt h: * 4.0* FEET [ * 1.2* M]
N um be r of ca t w a lk s: * 1* per level
N u m be r of la dde r s:
* 1* per 80 FEET [ 25 M] of lengt h; MI N: 2
N u m be r of st a ir w a ys: Default : * 0*
No. of braced bays: Num ber of braced bays along rack
lengt h. * 2* per 120 FEET [ 36M] ; MI N: 0.
Be a m st r ut s pe r colum n line :
Num ber of longit udinal st rut s per colum n.
* 1* per each t wo beam levels. See figure on page 307 for explanat ion.
Be a m st r u t s pe r pipe le ve l:
Num ber of longit udinal st rut s/ beam per level/ bay.
Default : * 0* or, if beam lengt h is great er t han 24 FEET
[ 7 M] , * 1*
Ex clu de e nd be n t :
Exclude end bent s if t his is a segm ent of a rack t hat is
part of a longer rack.
* NO* - Do not exclude end bent s.
ONE- Exclude one end bent .
TWO- Exclude t wo end bent s.
M in im um be a m or colu m n w idt h:
* 12.0* I NCHES [ * 304* MM]
For concret e pipe rack only, default is calculat ed by t he
syst em . I f not , default is 12.0 I NCHES.
Concr e t e t ype :
For concret e pipe rack only, default is area civil dat a
for concret e st rengt h and cost .
2- St andard concret e ( Type B)
3- Higher grade concret e ( Type C)
4- Chem ical resist ant concret e ( Type D)
Gr a t ing t ype :
See “ Grat ing Types” lat er in t his chapt er
2 0 St e e l ( G6 )
20-7
St e e l Pla nt Bu lk s - cont inued
Sk e t ch of a Typica l Pipe Ra ck
20-8
2 0 St e e l ( G6 )
St e e l Pla nt Bu lk s - cont inued
How ICARUS Generates the Number of Column Struts
Sy st e m Ge n e r a t e d Se t s:
Use r - En t e r e d Se t s:
D e fa u lt N u m be r of Colu m n St r u t s
I f a pipe rack has t he default num ber of levels ( 1) , t he default num ber of
colum n st rut s is also 1. For each addit ional t wo levels, t he default num ber of
colum n st rut s gr ows by 2; t herefore, t he default num ber of colum n st rut s m ay
best be underst ood as “ 1 per each 2 beam level”.
2 0 St e e l ( G6 )
20-9
* User- ent ered values override syst em - generat ed values.
St e e l Pla nt Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Pipe Truss Bridge
PI PE TRUSS
A t russ st ruct ure wit h m ult iple levels which can span
longer areas. Wide Flange shapes are used for m ain
m em bers.
I ncludes colum ns, lat eral m em bers, longit udinal chord
m em bers, bracings and colum n foot ing.
( A sket ch of a t ypical pipe bridge is locat ed on t he
following page)
Tr uss W idt h:
Default : 20 FEET [ 6.0 M]
Tr uss H e igh t :
Default : 24 FEET [ 7.2 M]
Levels bet ween t op and bot t om chord: Default : 0
H e ight t o bot t om chor d:
Default : 20 FEET [ 6.0 M]
D ist r ib. Loa d/ Le ve l:
Default : 50 PSF [ 2.4 KN/ M2]
Ba y Le n gt h:
Truss lengt h det erm ine bay lengt h
Default : Around 8 FEET [ 2.4 M]
W ind For ce Adj ust m e nt :
Default : 1
Se ism ic For ce Adj u st m e nt :
Default : 1
20-10
2 0 St e e l ( G6 )
St e e l Pla nt Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Pipe support s/ sleepers: bent or t ee, j ust above grade PI PE SUPPT
Series of individual st eel pipe support s for long runs of
pipe j ust above grade. The TEE t ype has one post wit h
concret e foot ing; t he BENT t ype has t wo post s wit h
concret e foot ings. CONS uses round concret e colum ns
wit h a st eel wide flange on t op connect ing t he
colum ns. Round form t ubes are used as form work for
t he concret e colum ns.
Suppor t t ype :
TEE- 1 st eel post wit h beam
BENT- 2 st eel post s wit h beam
CONT- Concret e t ee
CONS - 2 concret e colum ns wit h st eel beam
2 0 St e e l ( G6 )
20-11
St e e l Pla nt Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Mult iple- bay st eel m ill building: st ruct ural st eel, siding
M I LL BLD G
St ruct ural st eel, crane beam s and rails, elevat ed grat e floors,
corrugat ed or insulat ed ext erior if applicable, foundat ions, light ing and
elect rical panelboard and supply wiring/ conduit .
The m ill building m odel designs a fram e t hat is specifically suit ed for a
part icular purpose — m ult iple bays where overhead cranes carry
m at erials along t he lengt h of t he building. The t erm “ Bay” in t his case
refers t o a port ion of t he building widt h.
The syst em assum es a cleared, level sit e; excavat ion is provided only
for grade slab and colum n foot ings. Ot her sit e work m ust be specified
using Sit e Developm ent .
M a in colum n spa cing:
Colum n spacing along t he lengt h of t he building.
Default : * 20* FEET [ * 6.0* M] .
Siding pe r w a ll a r e a :
Default : 100% roofing and specified% siding provided, except “ 0.0”
input delet es bot h.
Siding t ype :
Default : * CORR*
CORR- Corrugat ed siding
I NSUL- I nsulat ed corrugat ed siding
Slab- on- grade t hickness: Default : * 12* I NCHES [ * 300* MM]
D ist r ibut e d loa d le ve l: Default : * 200* PSF [ * 10* KN/ M2]
1 st Se ct ion ba y w idt h: First bay t ype, describes one or m ore
ident ical, adj acent bays.
1 st Se ct ion ba y h e igh t : First bay t ype, describes one or m ore
ident ical, adj acent bays.
N um be r of ba ys 1 st Se ct ion: First bay t ype, describes one or m ore
ident ical, adj acent bays. Default : * 1*
- Cont inued on next page -
20-12
2 0 St e e l ( G6 )
St e e l Pla nt Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
M I LL BLD G - cont inued
N u m be r of e le va t e d floor s 1 st Se ct ion:
First bay t ype, describes one or m ore ident ical, adj acent bays. Default :
* 0*
Cr a n e ca pa cit y pe r ba y 1 st Se ct ion : Bay t ype 1: Load for st ruct .,
crane rail, et c.; crane m ust be specified elsewhere. Default : * 0.0*
TONS [ * 0.0* TON]
Floor gr a t e pe r a r e a 1 st Se ct ion: First bay t ype, describes one or
m ore ident ical, adj acent bays. Default : * 100*
2 nd Se ct ion ba y w idt h : Second bay t ype, describes one or m ore
ident ical, adj acent bays.
2 nd Se ct ion ba y h e igh t : Second bay t ype, describes one or m ore
ident ical, adj acent bays.
N u m be r of ba ys 2 n d Se ct ion : Second bay t ype, describes one or
m ore ident ical, adj acent bays. Default : * 1*
N um be r e le va t e d floor s 2 nd Se ct ion: Second bay t ype, describes
one or m ore ident ical, adj acent bays. Default : * 0*
Cr a n e ca pa cit y pe r ba y 2 nd Se ct ion: Bay t ype 2: Load for st ruct .,
crane rail, et c.; crane m ust be specified elsewhere. Default : * 0.0*
TONS [ * 0.0* TON]
Floor pe r a r e a 2 nd Se ct ion : Second bay t ype, describes one or m ore
ident ical, adj acent bays. Default : * 100*
3 r d Se ct ion ba y w idt h: Third bay t ype, describes one or m ore
ident ical, adj acent bays.
3 r d Se ct ion ba y he igh t : Third bay t ype, describes one or m ore
ident ical, adj acent bays.
N u m be r of ba ys 3 r d Se ct ion : Third bay t ype, describes one or m ore
ident ical, adj acent bays. Default : * 1*
N u m be r of e le va t e d floor s 3 r d Se ct ion: Third bay t ype, describes
one or m ore ident ical, adj acent bays. Default : * 0*
Crane capacit y per bay 3rd Sect ion: Bay t ype 3: Load for st ruct ., crane
rail, et c.; crane m ust be specified elsewhere. Default : * 0.0* TONS
[ * 0.0* TON]
Floor gr a t e pe r a r e a 3 r d Se ct ion: Third bay t ype, describes one or
m ore ident ical, adj acent bays. Default : * 100*
Elevat ed access plat form s: colum ns/ beam s, rail, grat e, ladder
PLATFORM
Elevat ed access plat form , wit h handrail, t oeplat e, grat ing, colum ns,
civil foundat ions, light ing and elect rical.
Pla t for m w idt h: * 6* FEET [ * 2* M]
N u m be r of la dde r s: Default : * 1*
H a ndr a il pe r ce nt : Default : * 100*
Floor gr a t e pe r a r e a : Default : * 100*
Gr a t ing: See “ Grat ing Types” lat er in t his chapt er.
2 0 St e e l ( G6 )
20-13
St e e l Pla nt Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
St eel gallery st ruct ure for pipe, conveyors, walkways
GALLERY
Gallery for piping, conveyors, elevat ed walkways, et c., foot ings,
light ing and elect rical included. May be specified in com binat ions of
t hree sect ion t ypes or as a single sect ion
t ype.
Ga lle r y h e igh t :
Max: 15 FEET [ 4.5 M] ; Default : * 9.0* FEET [ * 2.75* M]
D ist r ibu t e d loa d:
Default : * 100* PSF [ * 5.0* KN/ M2]
H e igh t gr a de se ct ion:
Grade sect ion has t his uniform , nom inal height for ent ire lengt h.
Default : * 6.0* FEET [ * 2.0* M] .
- Cont inued on next page -
20-14
2 0 St e e l ( G6 )
St e e l Pla nt Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
GALLERY - cont inued
Le n gt h gr a de se ct ion :
Tot al lengt h is sum of grade, slope and above- grade lengt hs.
At least one is required.
H e ight slope se ct ion:
Slope sect ion varies from grade sect ion height t o t his designat ed
height .
Le n gt h slope se ct ion:
Tot al lengt h is sum of grade, slope and above- grade lengt hs. At least
one is required.
Above gr a de he ight :
Above ground sect ion varies from slope sect ion height t o t his
designat ed height .
Above gr a de le ngt h:
Tot al lengt h is sum of grade, slope and above- grade lengt hs. At least
one is required.
Ga lle r y e n closu r e :
Default : * OPEN*
OPEN- No enclosure
ENCLOSED- Enclosed
Tow e r be n t spa cin g:
Tower ( bent ) spacing applies t o elevat ed sect ions only. Default : * 80*
FEET [ * 25* M] .
Ca n t ile ve r le n gt h :
Cant ilever lengt h m ay be specified only for t he end of an elevat ed
sect ion. Default : * 0* FEET [ * 0* M] .
N u m be r of w a lk w a ys: Default : * 2*
W a lk w a y w idt h: Default : * 54* I NCHES [ * 2,370* MM]
Gr a t ing: See “ Grat ing Types” lat er in t his chapt er.
Conveyor t ransfer t ower, square cross- sect ion
TRN S
TOW ER
St eel t ower only; conveyors, hoppers and chut es m ust be specified
elsewhere.
Grat ing: See “ Grat ing Types” lat er in t his chapt er.
St eel grat e, less support st eel
GRATE
Grat ing: Default : * CS* . See “ Grat ing Types” lat er in t his chapt er.
St eel ladders
Ladders great er t han 10 FEET [ 3 M] are aut om at ically caged.
LAD D ER
La dde r Type :
Default : * CAGED*
CAGED- Caged ladder
NONE- Ladder wit hout cage
St eel st airs, wit h grat e t reads, handrail
2 0 St e e l ( G6 )
STAI R
20-15
St e e l Pla nt Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Colum ns, beam s, bracing, bracket s
M I SC STEEL
The st eel m em ber size is designat ed by it s weight per foot of lengt h.
St eel it em t ypes are colum ns, beam s, bracing and bracket s.
Connect ions are included; t he syst em increases t he cost by about 15%
t o account for connect ions.
St e e l t ype :
COLUM- Colum n
BEAM- Beam
BRACE- Bracing
BRAKT- Bracket
Fabricat ed, lined, st iffened plat e it em s for chut es, boxes, et c.
FABR PLATE
Fabricat ed st iffened st eel plat e it em s ( e.g., boxes, chut es, hoods,
skirt s, et c.) . One or m ore replaceable abrasion resist ant lining t ypes
m ay be specified over port ions of t he plat e area.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * CS*
CS- Carbon st eel
SS304- SS304
SS316- SS316
Pla t e pe r a r e a it e m :
Tot al area of plat e excluding st iffeners.
Lining t hick n e ss Type 1 :
Lining t ype 1: t hickness m ay not be specified for ceram ic linings;
Default : * 1.0* I NCHES [ * 25* MM] .
Lining pe r pla t e a r e a Type 1 :
Lining t ype 1; Default : * 100*
Lining m a t e r ia l Type 1 :
Lining t ype 1. See “Abrasion Resist ant Linings; Replaceable” in Chapt er
28.
Lining t hick n e ss Type 2 :
Lining t ype 2: t hickness m ay not be specified for ceram ic linings;
Default : * 1.0* I NCHES [ * 25* MM] .
Lining pe r pla t e a r e a Type 2 :
Lining t ype 2; Default : * 0.0*
Lining m a t e r ia l Type 2 :
Lining t ype 2. See “Abrasion Resist ant Linings; Replaceable” in Chapt er
28.
Lining t hick n e ss Type 3 :
Lining t ype 3: t hickness m ay not be specified for ceram ic linings;
Default : * 1.0* I NCHES [ * 25* MM] .
Lining per plat e area Type 3: Lining t ype 3; Default : * 0.0*
Lining m a t e r ia l Type 3 :
Lining t ype 3. See “Abrasion Resist ant Linings; Replaceable” in Chapt er
28.
20-16
2 0 St e e l ( G6 )
St e e l Pla nt Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Siding and roofing for st eel st ruct ures
SI D I N G
Siding girt s and roof purlins are designat ed based on colum n spacing.
Corrugat ed st eel siding ( 18 gauge) is provided wit h t he opt ion of 1
I NCH [ 25 MM] insulat ion in sandwich panel.
Siding a r e a :
Siding and/ or roofing area is required. Default : * 0.0* SF [ * 0.0* M2]
Roofing a r e a :
Siding and/ or roofing area is required. Default : * 0.0 SF [ * 0.0* M2]
Main colum n spacing: Default : * 20* FEET [ * 6* M]
Siding t ype :
Default : * CORR*
CORR- Corrugat ed siding
I NSUL- I nsulat ed corrugat ed siding
Sanit ary plat form for equipm ent access
SAN PLATFM
A polished, st ainless st eel plat form built t o sanit ary st andards, e.g.,
wit hout weld crevices or surfaces t hat collect st anding wat er.
Pla t for m h e igh t :
MAX: 12.0 FEET [ 3.60 M]
Pla t for m a r e a :
Required t o ent er t ot al plat form or lengt h and widt h for long
plat form s. I f area is given, t he program calculat es lengt h and widt h as
being t he square root of area, and bases it s design on t his inform at ion.
Pla t for m le ngt h :
Required t o ent er t ot al plat form or lengt h and widt h for long plat form s.
I f area is given, t he program calculat es lengt h and widt h as being t he
square root of area, and bases it s design on t his inform at ion.
Pla t for m w idt h:
Required t o ent er t ot al plat form or lengt h and widt h for long plat form s.
I f area is given, t he program calculat es lengt h and widt h as being t he
square root of area, and bases it s design on t his inform at ion.
Pla t for m de sign loa ding:
* 100* PSF [ * 5.00* KN/ M2]
General plat form design load for access/ walkway areas.
Equ ipm e nt pe r ce n t a r e a :
Percent of plat form area t hat support s equipm ent load.
Equ ipm e nt w e igh t :
Must be ent ered for t he program t o calculat e equipm ent access- sides.
N u m be r of e quipm e n t a cce ss side s: * 2* , MAX: 4.
Num ber of sides from which equipm ent accessed on plat form .
Gr a t ing pe r ce n t of a r e a : * 80.0*
- Cont inued on next page -
2 0 St e e l ( G6 )
20-17
St e e l Pla nt Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
SAN PLATFM - cont inued
Gr a t ing t ype :
FI BER- Fibergrat e 1.5 X 1.5 I N [ 40 X 40 MM]
SLI P 2- 1/ 8 I NCH [ 3 MM] SS304 slipnot plat e
SLI P 3- 3/ 16 I NCH [ 5 MM] SS304 slipnot plat e
* SLI P4* - 1/ 4 I NCH [ 6 MM] SS304 slipnot plat e
N u m be r of st a ir w a ys: * 1.00*
N u m be r of la dde r s: * 0*
N u m be r of colum ns
Le n gt h of h a ndr a il a n d t oe pla t e : FEET [ M]
Gr a t ing Type s
20-18
FG
Fibergrat e
S2
1/ 8 I N [ 3 MM] SS slipnot plat e
S3
3/ 16 I N [ 5 MM] SS slipnot plat e
S4
1/ 4 I N [ 6 MM] SS slipnot plat e
CS
1 I N x 3/ 16 I N [ 25 MM x 5 MM] CS welded bar
CM
1 1/ 4 I N x 3/ 16 I N [ 32 MM x 5 MM] CS Welded Bar
CH
1 1/ 2 I N x 3/ 16 I N [ 38 MM x 5 MM] CS welded bar
CV
2.0 I N x 3/ 16 I N [ 50 MM x 5 MM] CS welded bar
C2
1/ 8 I N [ 3 MM] CS checker plat e
C3
3/ 16 I N [ 5 MM] CS checker plat e
C4
1/ 4 I N [ 6 MM] CS checker plat e
AS
1 I N x 3/ 16 I N [ 25 MM x 5 MM] AL welded bar
AH
1.5 I N X 3/ 16 I N [ 38 MM X 5 MM] AL welded bar
AV
2.0 I N x 3/ 16 I N [ 50 MM x 5 MM] AL welded bar
2 0 St e e l ( G6 )
2 1 I n st r u m e n t a t ion
( G1 0 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
I nst rum ent at ion Plant Bulks
Sensor Loop Descript ions
Pressure ( P)
Differ ent ial Pr essure ( DP)
Tem perat ur e ( T)
Flow ( F)
Level ( L)
Analyzers ( A)
Speed ( S)
Mot ion ( X) : Axial, Radial, Vibrat ion
Posit ion ( PN)
Weight ( W)
Elect r ical Conduct ivit y ( C)
Hand ( Manual Act ivat ion) ( H)
Field Mount ed Solenoid ( SL)
Typical Pressure I nst rum ent Pr ocess Hookup
Panel Act ion Descript ions
Panel Opt ion Descript ions
Fisher Cont rol Valve I nform at ion
Cont rol Valve Opt ions
Cont rol Valve Configurat ions
Air Supply Piping
Rem ot e Cont rol Type
Transm it t er Type
Overview of I nst rum ent at ion Report Det ails
Report Det ails for Analog/ Elect rical I nst rum ent at ion
Report Det ails for Analog/ Elect rical Pneum at ic I nst rum ent at ion
Report Det ails for Digit al/ Elect rical I nst rum ent at ion
Report Det ails for Digit al/ Elect rical Pneum at ic I nst rum ent at ion
2 1 I n st r um e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
21-1
I n st r u m e n t a t ion Pla n t Bu lk s
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Conduit m a t e r ia l: Default : * GALV*
GALV- Galvanized rigid st eel conduit
EMT- Elect rical m echanical t ubing
AL- Alum inum
PVC- PVC plast ic conduit
PBON- PVC coat ed rigid st eel ( plast i- bond)
PVCA- PVC coat ed alum inum
FRE- Fiberglass
Ca ble Size :
* 14* , 12, 10 AWG; * 1.5* , 2.5, 4.0 MM2.
Rigid conduit , galvanized st eel, couplings, fit t ings and seals
CON D UI T
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * GALV*
GALV- Galvanized rigid st eel conduit
EMT- Elect rical m echanical t ubing
AL- Alum inum
PVC- PVC plast ic conduit
PBON- PVC coat ed rigid st eel ( plast i- bond)
PVCA- PVC coat ed alum inum
FRE- Fiberglass
Conduit dia m e t e r :
Range: 0.5 - 6.0 I NCHES [ 15 - 150 MM]
N u m be r of e lbow s: Default : * 0*
N u m be r of fit t ings: Default : * 0*
N u m be r of con duit se a ls: Default : * 0*
I nst rum ent panel, elect ronic/ pneum at ic
I N ST PAN EL
Pa ne l t ype :
ELC- Elect ronic panel
PNU- Pneum at ic panel
E/ P- Com bined elect ronic/ pneum at ic
21-2
2 1 I n st r u m e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
D e scr ipt ion
Type
I nst rum ent cable t ray
I N ST TRAY
Tr a y w idt h:
Range: 6 - 36 I NCHES [ 150 - 910 MM] ;
D e fa u lt :
* 18* I NCHES [ * 450* MM]
Elect ronic signal wire: wire, arm ored wire, wire in conduit
I N ST W I RE
Mat erial:
Default : * I M*
I M- I nsul., st andard wire
ARMOR- I M wit h int erlock arm or
RI GI D- I M in rigid conduit ( See Chapt er 22, Elect rical Plant Bulks,
CONDUI T, for a schem at ic of t he conduit )
PPM- Pluggable Pre- Molded wire ( fieldbus only)
N u m be r of con duct or se t s pe r ca ble :
Opt ional t wist ed pair or t riad in each wire set .
Range: 1 - 50.
Conduct or se t t ype :
Default : * PAI R*
PAI R- Pair
TRI AD- Triad
I nst rum ent pneum at ic m ult i- t ube bundle runs
PN U TUBI N G
Num ber of t ubes per bundle: Range: 7, 12, or 19
2 1 I n st r um e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
21-3
I nst r u m e n t a t ion Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Therm ocouple wire: wire, arm ored wire, wire in conduit
TH CPL W I RE
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * TM*
TM- I nsul., solid wire
ARMOR- TM wit h int erlock arm or
RI GI D- TM in rigid conduit
N u m be r of con duct or se t s pe r ca ble :
Opt ional num ber of t wist ed pairs per cable.
Range: 1 - 36.
Conduct or t ype :
Default : * JX*
JX- I ron const ant an
KX- Chrom el alum el
TX- Copper const ant an
I nst rum ent j unct ion boxes: elect ronic, pneum at ic,
t herm ocouple
JUN C BOX
Ju n ct ion box t ype :
EL50- Elect ronic - 50 conduct or
EL36- Elect ronic - 36 conduct or
EL24- Elect ronic - 24 conduct or
EL20- Elect ronic - 20 conduct or
EL16- Elect ronic - 16 conduct or
EL12- Elect ronic - 12 conduct or
EL6- Elect ronic - 6 conduct or
EL4- Elect ronic - 4 conduct or
PL4 - 4 Drop pluggable brick ( Fieldbus only)
PL4S - 4 Drop pluggable brick wit h short circuit
prot ect ion ( Fieldbus only)
PL6 - 6 Drop pluggable brick ( Fieldbus only)
PL6S - 6 Drop pluggable brick wit h short circuit
prot ect ion ( Fieldbus only)
PL8 - 8 Drop pluggable brick ( Fieldbus only)
PL8S - 8 Drop pluggable brick wit h short circuit
prot ect ion ( Fieldbus only)
- Cont inued on next page -
21-4
2 1 I n st r u m e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
I nst r u m e n t a t ion Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
JUN C BOX - cont inued
PN19- Pneum at ic - 19 t ubes
PN12- Pneum at ic - 12 t ubes
PN7- Pneum at ic - 7 t ubes
TC50- Therm ocouple - 50 conduct or
TC36- Therm ocouple - 36 conduct or
TC24- Therm ocouple - 24 conduct or
TC20- Therm ocouple - 20 conduct or
TC16- Therm ocouple - 16 conduct or
TC12- Therm ocouple - 12 conduct or
TC4- Therm ocouple - 4 conduct or
SRSC- 3 Drop brick wit h spring clam p ( fieldbus only)
SRST- 3 Drop brick wit h screw t erm inal ( fieldbus only)
MB4- 4 Drop brick ( fieldbus only)
MB4S- Hawke I nt ernat ional 4 Drop brick wit h short- circuit prot ect ion
( fieldbus only)
MB8- 8 Drop brick ( fieldbus only)
MB8S- Hawke I nt ernat ional 8 Drop brick wit h short- circuit prot ect ion
( fieldbus only)
En closu r e t ype :
Default : * GP*
GP- General purpose
EXPR- Explosion proof
Operat or cent er: Honeywell TDC3000
OPER CEN T
Ope r a t or ce nt e r t ype :
Universal operat or cent er or local cent er for one dat a
hiway.
D e fa u lt : * UNI V*
UNI V- Universal cent er
LOCAL- Local cent er
N u m be r of ope r a t or displa y u n it s:
Num ber of operat or CRT ( Cat hode- Ray Tube
Term inals) , includes keyboards
N u m be r of H iw a y Ga t e w a ys:
Num ber of gat eways for dat a hiways.
N u m be r of I n dica t in g CRT:
Num ber of indicat ing CRT, no keyboard included.
N um be r of disk dr ive s:
Num ber of dual floppy disk drivers.
N um be r of e n gine e r ing k e yboa r ds:
Engineer ’s keyboard for display.
- Cont inued on next page -
2 1 I n st r um e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
21-5
I nst r u m e n t a t ion Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
OPER CEN T - cont inued
N u m be r of LCN ca ble s:
Num ber of local cont rol net work cables.
H ist or y m odu le :
Hist ory m odule for t rend analysis.
Default : * NONE*
HI ST- Add hist ory m odule
NONE- No hist ory m odule
M ULTI CON T
Mult ifunct ion cont rollers: analog/ digit al I , I C, S, A circuit s
Mult ifunct ion cont rollers for indicat ing and cont rol loops, and swit ch
and alarm circuit s.
The I nst rum ent at ion Plant Bulk it em s referred t o as Mult ifunct ion
cont rollers, High energy level process int erface unit s, and Low energy
level process int erface unit s are based on elem ent s of a Honeywell
TDC 2000/ 3000 process cont rol syst em .
A Mult ifunct ion cont roller consist s of a m et al cabinet ( 6 FEET t all [ 1.83
M] and 19 I NCHES [ 0.48 M] wide, cont aining 1 or m ore elect ronic
cont rollers wit h a power supply, analog and digit al I / O signal
processing cards m ount ed in elect ronic racks as depict ed in t he
following
drawing.
21-6
2 1 I n st r u m e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
I nst r u m e n t a t ion Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
M ULTI CON T - cont inued
The m ult ifunct ion cont roller is program m ed from t he engineer ’s st at ion
in t he Operat or Cent er over a redundant , coaxial cable ( Dat a- highway
cable) . The cont roller polls t he
analog and digit al input cards which report t o it t o collect t he signals
t ransm it t ed by t he field sensors connect ed t o t hose cards. The
cont roller eit her passes t he signal up t o t he Operat or Cent er for
perm anent st orage in a Hist ory Module ( com put er st orage) and/ or
com pares t he m easured signal wit h t he program m ed set point and
generat es a correct ive com m and. This correct ive com m and is sent t o
out put cards which, in t urn, generat e
eit her an analog ( 4- 20m A for posit ioning cont rol valves) or digit al ( for
solenoids, on/ off valves) cont rol signal which is sent t o t he appropriat e
final cont rol elem ent in t he field.
The signals from and t o t he field int erface t o t he Mult ifunct ion
cont roller t hrough a j unct ion box on t he back plane of t he unit . Signals
are dist ribut ed wit hin t he unit over a dat a bus.
Elect ric power is required t o support all t he elect ronics and a cooling
fan on t op of t he unit . Bat t ery backup m ay be specified if it is
im port ant t hat t he cont roller not lose it s
abilit y t o cont rol t he processing in t he event of a power out age.
Redundant m ult ifunct ion cont rollers m ay be specified t o insure
cont inued cont rol even in t he event of a failure in t he prim ary
cont roller.
High and low energy level PI Us look sim ilar but have no cont rollers.
The High level PI Us are for analog input s only ( 4- 20m A) and provide
sim ple cont rol; t he Low level PI Us collect signals from t herm ocouple
and RTD loops.
There are 3 t ypes of t em perat ure t ransm it t ers available:
• RTD: resist ance t em perat ure det ect or.
• TC: t herm ocouple; t he only t im e t hat you can specify a TC
t ransm it t er t ype is when you specify Tem perat ure ( T) as t he
Process Variable.
• Filled syst em : liquid- filled.
- Cont inued on next page -
2 1 I n st r um e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
21-7
I nst r u m e n t a t ion Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
M ULTI CON T - cont inued
The TDC2000/ 3000 cont roller handles 16 analog out put per cont roller.
The I / O cards handle t he following num ber of signals:
Signa l Type
N o. I nput
N o. Ou t pu t
Signa ls pe r Ca r d Sign a ls pe r Ca r d
Analog
8
4
Digit al
16
8
N u m be r of con t r olle r s:
One cabinet and power supply provided per t wo cont rollers.
Re du n da ncy:
Redundancy provides 1 backup cont roller for up t o eight prim ary
cont rollers.
Default :
* NONE*
RED- Redundancy required
NONE- No redundancy
N u m be r of a n a log in pu t ca r ds:
Num ber of I / O cards for analog input ( indicat ing) .
N u m be r of a n a log ou t pu t ca r ds:
Num ber of I / O cards for analog out put ( cont rol) .
N um be r of digit a l input ca r ds:
Num ber of I / O cards for digit al input ( alarm ) .
N u m be r of digit a l ou t put ca r ds:
Num ber of I / O cards for digit al out put ( swit ch) .
N um be r of ba t t e r y ba ck ups:
Num ber of backup bat t ery power supplies for m ult ifunct ion
cont rollers. Default : * 0*
21-8
2 1 I n st r u m e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
I nst r u m e n t a t ion Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
High energy level process int erface unit s: I ndicat or, swit ch, alarm
circuit s
H L PI U
N u m be r of digit a l in pu t ca r ds:
Ent er num ber of input cards required.
N u m be r of digit a l ou t pu t ca r ds:
Ent er num ber of o ut put cards required.
Low energy level process int erface unit s:
Therm ocouple and RTD circuit s
LL PI U
Dat a- highway cable, redundant ( fiber opt ic) Coaxial or
fiber opt ic cables connect ing digit al cont rollers t o
operat or cent ers.
D ATA
H I W AY
M a t e r ia l se le ct ion:
Default : * COAX*
COAX- Coax cable
FI BER- Fiber opt ic cable
N um be r of t e r m ina t ions:
Min: 1; Default : * 2*
En closu r e t ype :
Default : * NONE*
NONE- None
COND- Conduit
2 1 I n st r um e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
21-9
Se n sor Loop D e scr ipt ion s
Pr e ssu r e ( p)
Se n sor Loop D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sym bol
Pr oce ss Pa n e l I n st r u m e nt Signa l
Type
Va r ia ble Act ion Loca t ion
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
1
P
I
LC
none
Pressure Gauge, field m ount ed:
Sensor elem ent t ypes
( default = ST) :
pipe fit t ings t o process ( ST) ,
gauge valves t o process ( FT)
draft gauge ( DG)
3
Pressure Cont roller: field m ount ed,
pipe and t ubing.
P
IC
LC
P
2
Pressure Transm it t er:
field m ount ed, via pipe and t ubing.
Sensor elem ent t ypes:
t ransm it t er wit hout seal ( TN)
t ransm it t er wit h seal ( TS)
st andard or m icroprocessor
P
I
IC
RC
R1
R2R3
LP
or
CC
e
4
Pressure Swit ch:
field m ount ed, via pipe and t ubing.
* NS* - No chem ical seal
CS- Wit h chem ical seal
P
A
LP
or
CC
e
6
Addit ional Cont rol Valve:
secondary cont rol valve for adding
t o anot her cont rol loop.
P
IC
LP
or
CC
P
or
e
1
For panel act ion, panel opt ion and cont rol valve opt ion, refer t o t he
applicable sect ion lat er in t his chapt er.
2
I nst rum ent Locat ion:
LC= local, on equipm ent or piping
LP= local panel
CC= cont rol cent er ( analog or digit al) .
3
21-10
Signal Type: e = elect ronic, p = pneum at ic.
2 1 I n st r u m e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
D iffe r e n t ia l Pr e ssu r e ( D P)
Se n sor Loop D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sym bol
Pr oce ss Pa n e l I n st r u m e nt Signa l
Va r ia ble Act ion Loca t ion
Type
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
1
Different ial Pressure Gauge:
connect ed t o process via pipe and
t ubing.
DP
l
LC
none
2
Different ial Pressure Transm it t er:
connect ed t o process via pipe and
t ubing.
Sensor elem ent t ypes:
t ransm it t er wit hout seal ( TN)
t ransm it t er wit h seal ( TS)
st andard or m ircoprocessor
DP
A
LP
or
CC
p
or
e
4
Different ial Pressure Swit ch:
connect ed t o process via pipe and
t ubing.
* NS* - No chem ical seal
CS- Wit h chem ical seal
DP
A
LP
or
CC
e
6
Addit ional Cont rol Valve:
secondary cont rol valve for adding
t o anot her cont rol loop
DP
lC
LP
or
CC
p
or
e
1
For panel act ion, panel opt ion and cont rol valve opt ion, refer t o t he
applicable sect ion lat er in t his chapt er.
2
I nst rum ent Locat ion:
LC= local, on equipm ent or piping
LP= local panel
CC= cont rol cent er ( analog or digit al) .
3
Signal Type: e = elect ronic, p = pneum at ic.
2 1 I n st r um e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
21-11
Te m pe r a t u r e ( T)
Se n sor Loop D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sym bol
Pr oce ss Pa n e l I n st r u m e nt Signa l
Va r ia ble Act ion Loca t ion
Type
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
1
Tem perat ure indicat or
Sensor elem ent t ypes:
TM- Dial t herm om et er wit h
t herm owell
TC- Therm ocouple t herm owell
T
l
LC
none
3
Tem perat ure Cont roller:
filled syst em , wit h t herm owell
T
lC
LC
p
0
Test well:
t herm owell and cap only
T
none
LC
none
2
Tem perat ure t ransm it t er, wit h
t herm owell
Sensor elem ent t ypes ( default =
FS) :
FS- Filled syst em
TC- Therm ocouple
RT- Resist ance t em perat ure
WB- Wet bulb t em perat ure
SM- Surface m ount ed
T
l
lI C
RC
R1
R2
R3
LP
or
CC
p
or
e
4
Tem perat ure Swit ch: wit h
t herm owell, field- m ount ed
T
A
LP
or
CC
e
6
Addit ional Cont rol Valve
secondary cont rol valve
for adding t o anot her cont rol loop
T
lC
LP
or
CC
p
or
e
1
For panel act ion, panel opt ion and cont rol valve opt ion, refer t o t he
applicable sect ion lat er in t his chapt er.
2
I nst rum ent Locat ion:
LC= local, on equipm ent or piping
LP= local panel
CC= cont rol cent er ( analog or digit al) .
3
21-12
Signal Type: e = elect ronic, p = pneum at ic.
2 1 I n st r u m e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
Flow ( F)
Se n sor Loop D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sym bol
Pr oce ss Pa n e l I n st r u m e nt Signa l
Va r ia ble Act ion Loca t ion
Type
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
1
Flow I ndicat or
F
l
LC
none
2
Flow Transm it t er:
F
l
lC
RC
R1
R2
R3
lP
or
CC
e
or
p
Sensor elem ent t ypes ( default =
OP) :
OP- Orifice plat e and DP t ransm it t er
OS- Orifice plat e, DP t ransm it t er
and chem ical seals
VX- Vort ex m et er
MG- Magnet ic m et er ( st andard
or m icroprocessor)
MS- Mass flow m et er
NS- No sensing elem ent ,
t ransm it t er loop only ( NS)
UM- Ult rasonic m et er
TM- Turbine m et er
MR - Met er run wit h orifice plat e
RS- Met er run wit h orifice plat e
and chem ical seals
3
Flow Cont roller: orifice
plat e, field- m ount ed, connect ed t o
process via pipe, valves, t ubing
F
lC
LC
p
4
Flow Swit ch wit h orifice plat e:
Sensor elem ent t ypes ( default FS) :
FS- Flow swit ch ( FS) ,
TS- Flow sensing and t ot alizing
swit ch
F
A
LP
or
CC
e
6
Addit ional Cont rol Valve:
secondary cont rol valve for adding
t o anot her cont rol loop
F
C
LP
or
CC
p
or
e
1
For panel act ion, panel opt ion and cont rol valve opt ion, refer t o t he
applicable sect ion lat er in t his chapt er.
2
I nst rum ent Locat ion:
LC= local, on equipm ent or piping
LP= local panel
CC= cont rol cent er ( analog or digit al) .
3
Signal Type: e = elect ronic, p = pneum at ic.
2 1 I n st r um e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
21-13
Le ve l ( L)
Se n sor Loop D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sym bol
Pr oce ss Pa n e l I n st r u m e nt Signa l
Va r ia ble Act ion Loca t ion
Type
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
1
L
l
LC
none
Level I ndicat ors:
Sensor elem ent t ypes ( default LG) :
LG- Level glass - reflex t ype
ext ernal st andpipe
SP- Level gauge - reflex t ype wit h
ext ernal st andpipe
BB- Level indicat or - bubble t ype
3
Level Cont roller:
displacem ent t ype
L
lC
LC
p
2
Level Transm it t er:
Sensor elem ent t ypes ( default =
DS) :
DS- Displacem ent t ype
DP- Different ial pressure
( st andard or m icro- processor)
RS- DP wit h chem ical seals
TF- Tape/ float
UL- Single point Ult rasonic level
NL- Nuclear level
RD- Radar t ype
L
l
lC
RC
R1
R2
R3
LP
or
CC
e
or
p
4
Level Swit ch:
Sensor elem ent t ypes ( default ( DS) :
DS- Displacem ent level swit ch- fluids
PD- Paddle t ype level swit ch- solids
VS- Vibrat ing ( t uning fork) swit ch
CD- Conduct ivit y ( m ax/ m in)
det ect ion swit ch
CS- Capacit ive t ype swit ch
6
Addit ional Cont rol Valve:
secondary cont rol valve for adding
t o anot her cont rol loop
1
For panel act ion, panel opt ion and cont rol valve opt ion, refer t o t he
applicable sect ion lat er in t his chapt er.
2
I nst rum ent Locat ion:
LC= local, on equipm ent or piping
LP= local panel
CC= cont rol cent er ( analog or digit al) .
3
21-14
Signal Type: e = elect ronic, p = pneum at ic.
2 1 I n st r u m e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
An a lyze r s ( A)
Se n sor Loop D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sym bol
Pr oce ss Pa ne l I n st r u m e nt Signa l
Va r ia ble Act ion Loca t ion
Type
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
2
Analyzers:
A
Sensor elem ent t ypes ( default PH) :
PH- pH indicat ing t ransm it t er ORORP ( Oxidat ion Reduct ion Pot ent ial)
( Redox) t ransm it t er
O2- Oxygen analyzer ( up t o 4
sam ples)
BT- BTU t ransm it t er
CS- Consist ency analyzer
PL- Gas det ect ion% LEL ( incl.
elect ronics, rack)
HD- Gas det ect ion H2S ( incl.
elect ronics, rack
C2- C02 ( wit hout sam ple
condit ioning syst em )
VS- Viscosit y ( w/ o sam ple
condit ioning syst em )
CL- Color ( wit hout sam ple
condit ioning syst em )
FP- Flam e point ( w/ o sam ple
condit ioning syst em )
CP- Cloud point
SD- Sm oke densit y
FL- Flash point
SG- Specific gravit y ( liquid)
HV- Heat ing value ( incl. sam ple
condit ioning)
GC- Gas chrom at ograph ( 1 sam ple
point , 6 com p.)
HC- H2 and hydrocarbons ( w/ o
sam ple probe)
HS- H2S analyzer
H2- Hydrocarbon in wat er
HR- H2S/ S02 rat io
SO- Sulphur in oil
l
lC
RC
R2
R3
LP
or
CC
e
6
Addit ional Cont rol Valve:
secondary cont rol valve for adding
t o anot her cont rol loop.
lC
LP
or
CC
p
or
e
1
A
For panel act ion, panel opt ion and cont rol valve opt ion, refer t o t he
applicable sect ion lat er in t his chapt er. I n st r u m e n t Loca t ion :
LC= local, on equipm ent or piping
LP= local panel
CC= cont rol cent er ( analog or digit al) .
2
Signal Type: e = elect ronic, p = pneum at ic.
2 1 I n st r um e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
21-15
Spe e d ( S)
Se n sor Loop D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sym bol
Pr oce ss Pa n e l I n st r u m e nt Signa l
Va r ia ble Act ion Loca t ion
Type
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
2
Speed I ndicat ing Transm it t er:
elect ronic,
non- cont act t ype
S
l
lC
RC
R1
R2
R3
LP
or
CC
e
4
Speed Swit ch:
S
A
LP
or
CC
e
1
For panel act ion, panel opt ion and cont rol valve opt ion, refer t o t he
applicable sect ion lat er in t his chapt er.
2
I nst rum ent Locat ion:
LC= local, on equipm ent or piping
LP= local panel
CC= cont rol cent er ( analog or digit al) .
3
21-16
Signal Type: e = elect ronic, p = pneum at ic.
2 1 I n st r u m e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
M ot ion ( X) : Ax ia l, Ra dia l, Vibr a t ion
Se n sor Loop D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sym bol
Pr oce ss Pa n e l I n st r u m e nt Signa l
Va r ia ble Act ion Loca t ion
Type
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
2
Mot ion Transm it t er - non cont act
t ype, ( default AX) :
Radial ( RD)
X
l
lC
RC
R1
R2
R3
LP
or
CC
e
4
Vibrat ion Swit ch;
vibrat ing read t ype
X
A
LP
or
CC
e
1
For panel act ion, panel opt ion and cont rol valve opt ion, refer t o t he
applicable sect ion lat er in t his chapt er.
2
I nst rum ent Locat ion:
LC= local, on equipm ent or piping
LP= local panel
CC= cont rol cent er ( analog or digit al) .
3
Signal Type: e = elect ronic, p = pneum at ic.
2 1 I n st r um e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
21-17
Posit ion ( PN )
Se n sor Loop D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sym bol
Pr oce ss Pa n e l I n st r u m e nt Signa l
Va r ia ble Act ion Loca t ion
Type
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
2
Posit ion Transm it t er,
( default VP) :
Variable posit ion ( VP) :
On/ Off posit ions ( NF)
PN
l
lC
RC
R1
R2
R3
LP
or
CC
e
or
p
4
Posit ion Swit ch
PN
A
LP
or
CC
e
1
For panel act ion, panel opt ion and cont rol valve opt ion, refer t o t he
applicable sect ion lat er in t his chapt er.
2
I nst rum ent Locat ion:
LC= local, on equipm ent or piping
LP= local panel
CC= cont rol cent er ( analog or digit al) .
3
21-18
Signal Type: e = elect ronic, p = pneum at ic.
2 1 I n st r u m e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
W e igh t ( W )
Se n sor Loop D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sym bol
Pr oce ss Pa n e l I n st r u m e nt Signa l
Va r ia ble Act ion Loca t ion
Type
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
2
W
Load Cells;
Sensing elem ent opt ions
( Default = 4C) :
3 cell configurat ion ( 3C)
4 cell configurat ion ( 4C)
6 cell configurat ion ( 6C)
l
lC
RC
R1
R2
R3
LP
or
CC
1
For panel act ion, panel opt ion and cont rol valve opt ion, refer t o t he
applicable sect ion lat er in t his chapt er.
2
I nst rum ent Locat ion:
e
LC= local, on equipm ent or piping
LP= local panel
CC= cont rol cent er ( analog or digit al) .
3
Signal Type: e = elect ronic, p = pneum at ic.
Ele ct r ica l Con du ct ivit y ( C)
Se n sor Loop D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sym bol
Pr oce ss Pa n e l I n st r u m e nt Signa l
Va r ia ble Act ion Loca t ion
Type
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
2
C
Conduct ivit y Transm it t er:
l
lC
RC
R1
R2
R3
LP
or
CC
1
For panel act ion, panel opt ion and cont rol valve opt ion, refer t o t he
applicable sect ion lat er in t his chapt er.
2
I nst rum ent Locat ion:
e
LC= local, on equipm ent or piping
LP= local panel
CC= cont rol cent er ( analog or digit al) .
3
Signal Type: e = elect ronic, p = pneum at ic.
2 1 I n st r um e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
21-19
H a n d ( M a n u a l Act iva t ion ) ( H )
Se n sor Loop D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sym bol
Pr oce ss Pa n e l I n st r u m e nt Signa l
Va r ia ble Act ion Loca t ion
Type
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
3
Hand Regulat or:
field- m ount ed ( pneum at ic)
H
lC
LC
p
6
Manual Cont roller:
panel- m ount ed, no input signal,
out put signal only
H
lC
LP
or
CC
e
or
p
4
Manual swit ch: panel- m ount ed
( front of panel)
H
S
LP
or
CC
e
1
For panel act ion, panel opt ion and cont rol valve opt ion, refer t o t he
applicable sect ion lat er in t his chapt er.
2
I nst rum ent Locat ion:
LC= local, on equipm ent or piping
LP= local panel
CC= cont rol cent er ( analog or digit al) .
3
Signal Type: e = elect ronic, p = pneum at ic.
Fie ld M ou n t e d Sole n oid ( SL)
Se n sor Loop D e scr ipt ion
Type
Sym bol
Pr oce ss Pa n e l I n st r u m e nt Signa l
Va r ia ble Act ion Loca t ion
Type
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
6
SL
Solenoid: Field- m ount ed
none
LP
or
CC
1
For panel act ion, panel opt ion and cont rol valve opt ion, refer t o t he
applicable sect ion lat er in t his chapt er.
2
I nst rum ent Locat ion:
e
LC= local, on equipm ent or piping
LP= local panel
CC= cont rol cent er ( analog or digit al) .
3
21-20
Signal Type: e = elect ronic, p = pneum at ic.
2 1 I n st r u m e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
I n st r u m e n t H ook u p
2 1 I n st r um e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
21-21
Pa n e l Act ion D e scr ipt ion s
Pa ne l Act ion
Sym bol
D e finit ion
l
I ndicat or:
field- m ount ed indicat or if local t o equipm ent ( LC) , or,
panel- m ount ed indicat or ( receiver t ype) if on local panel ( LP) or in
cont rol cent er ( CC)
lC
I ndicat ing Cont roller:
field- m ount ed indicat ing cont roller if local t o equipm ent ( LC) , or,
panel- m ount ed indicat ing cont roller ( receiver t ype) if on local panel
( LP) or in
cont rol cent er ( CC)
RC
Recording Cont roller ( LP or CC) :
panel- m ount ed, one pen
R1
R2
R3
Recorder ( LP or CC) :
panel- m ount ed, one pen
panel- m ount ed, t wo pens
panel- m ount ed, t hree pens
A
Annunciat or Point ( LP or CC) :
act ivat ed by a field- m ount ed swit ch
S
Swit ch: indicat ing, front- of- panel m ount ed ( LP or CC)
Cl
Jl
JR
Therm ocouple- based Tem perat ure I ndicat or, panel m ount ed ( LP or
CC) :
com plet e wit h back- of- panel m ount ed EMF convert er
m ult i- point
Therm ocouple- based Tem perat ure Recorder, m ult i- point , panel
m ount ed ( LP or CC)
I n Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or, t he syst em aut om at ically generat es panel
inst rum ent at ion ( com bined cont rol/ operat or cent er) r equired for analog
syst em s. The syst em includes t he cont rol cent er by default for digit al syst em s,
but not t he operat or cent er.
21-22
2 1 I n st r u m e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
Pa n e l Opt ion D e scr ipt ion s
Pa ne l Act ion
Sym bol
D e finit ion
A1
Panel alarm : one back- of- panel swit ch
A2
Panel alarm : t wo back- of- panel swit ches
CR
Com put at ion relay: + , - , X, /
SQ
Square root funct ion
FX
Defined funct ion of X
LR
Lim it regulat ion: high/ low
ES
Em ergency shut down ( ESD)
BS
Bias relay
Fish e r Con t r ol Va lve I n for m a t ion
Cont r ol Va lve
Type
Size Ra n ge
Globe
Act u a t or
Posit ion e r
< = 4 I NCHES CE
6 - 8 I NCHES ED
585
657
3611JP
3582
Ball
all sizes
V100
1052
3610J
But t erfly
all sizes
8532
1052
3610J
2 1 I n st r um e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
Body Type
21-23
Con t r ol Va lve Opt ion s
Type
D e fin it ion
STD
St andard posit ioning - t ype varies wit h size:
GLP
Type
Size
Globe
0.5 - 4 I NCH
[ 12 - 100 MM]
Ball
6 - 12 I NCH
[ 150 - 300 MM]
But t erfly
> 12 I NCH
[ > 300 MM]
Globe t ype posit ioning, usually sizes up t o 8 I NCH [ 200 MM]
BAP
Ball t ype posit ioning, usually m edium sizes up t o 12 I NCH [ 300 MM]
BUP
But t erfly t ype posit ion, usually large sizes from 3 I NCH [ 75 MM]
GLO
On/ off globe valve, usually sm all sizes
BVO
On/ off ball valve, usually m edium sizes
BVU
On/ off but t erfly valve, usually larger sizes
SGO
On/ off Slide gat t e for bin discharge
SGP
Posit ioning slide gat e for bin discharge
DI V
Divert er valve for solids handling
ANO
On/ off angle valve, sanit ary, m ax 4 I NCH [ 100 MM]
ANP
Angle posit ioning, sanit ary, m ax 4 I NCH [ 100 MM]
DVS
Divert er, sanit ary only, m ax 4 I NCH [ 100 MM]
TKS
Tank out let , sanit ary only, m ax 4 I NCH [ 100 MM]
BUP
But t erfly posit ion, sanit ary, m ax 8 I NCH [ 200 MM]
Fluid posit ioning cont rol valves m ay be specified as line size or reduced size.
The default size reduct ions are as follows:
Line size
21-24
Control valve
0.5 - 4I NCH
[ 12 - 100MM]
Sam e as line.
6I NCH
[ 150MM]
One size sm aller t han line.
8 - 12I NCH
[ 200 - 300MM]
Two sizes sm aller t han line.
14 - 24I NCH
[ 350 - 600MM]
Three sizes sm aller t han line.
> 24I NCH
[ > 600MM]
Four sizes sm aller t han line.
2 1 I n st r u m e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
Con t r ol Va lve Con figu r a t ion s
2 1 I n st r um e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
21-25
Air Supply Pipin g
Fe e d
Drop
21-26
2 1 I n st r u m e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
Re m ot e Con t r ol Type
Sym bol
D e scr ipt ion
( blank)
No rem ot e on/ off cont rol valves
H
Hydraulic operat ed rem ot e on/ off cont rol valves
M
Mot or operat ed rem ot e on/ off cont rol valves
P
Pneum at ic operat ed rem ot e on/ off cont rol valves
Tr a n sm it t e r Type
Type
D e fin it ion
S
St andard
M
Microprocessor ( Sm art )
2 1 I n st r um e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
21-27
Ove r vie w of I n st r u m e n t a t ion Re por t D e t a ils
21-28
2 1 I n st r u m e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
Re por t D e t a ils for An a log/ Ele ct r ica l
I n st r u m e n t a t ion
2 1 I n st r um e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
21-29
Re por t D e t a ils for An a log/ Ele ct r ica l
Pn e u m a t ic I n st r u m e n t a t ion
21-30
2 1 I n st r u m e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
Re por t D e t a ils for D igit a l/ Ele ct r ica l
I n st r u m e n t a t ion
2 1 I n st r um e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
21-31
Re por t D e t a ils for D igit a l/ Ele ct r icl
Pn e u m a t ic I n st r u m e n t a t ion
21-32
2 1 I n st r u m e n t a t ion ( G1 0 )
2 2 Ele ct r ica l
( G1 3 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
Elect r ical Plant Bulks
General Elect rical Plant Bulks
Subst at ion Elect rical Plant Bulks
Schem at ic of Transm ission Line
Subst at ion Schem at ics
Elect r ical & Cont rol Hook- Ups for Elect ric Mot or s
Pow er Dist ribut ion Net work
Wire Sizes
US and ME Count ry Bases
UK, JP, and EU Count r y Bases
Elect r ical Class/ Division
Nat ional Elect r ical Code ( NEC)
I nt ernat ional Elect rical Code ( I EC)
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
22-1
Ele ct r ica l Pla n t Bu lk s
Elect r ical plant bulks are divided int o t wo cat egories, general and subst at ion
plant bulks. A descript ion of each follows.
Ge n e r a l Ele ct r ica l Pla n t Bu lk s
General elect rical plant bulks include cables, t rays, grounding, light ing
and t racing.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
M a t e r ia l:
ELEC CABLE
ARMOR- Arm ored m ult i- core cable
W- C- Single wires in conduit , includes conduit
W- NC - Single wires in conduit ( less conduit )
W-TR- Single wires in t ray ( less t ray)
M- C- Mult i- core in conduit , includes conduit
M- NC- Mult i- core in conduit ( less conduit )
M-TR- Mult i- core cable in t ray ( less t ray)
LARM- Lead covered arm ored cable
Rat ed volt age:
600- 600 V at 60 HZ
5000- 5000 V at 60 HZ
15000- 15000 V at 60 HZ
600- 600 V at 50 HZ
3300- 3300 V at 50 HZ
1000- 11000 at 50 HZ
Ca ble size :
Default : US: single wires in conduit , else m ult i- core cable in t ray
wit hout t ray. See “ Wire Sizes” lat er in t his chapt er.
Ca ble pla ce m e nt :
Default : Proj ect / Area Design Basis
ABOVE - Above ground cable/ wire
BELOW - Buried cable/ wire wit h t renching
NOTRN - Buried cable/ wire wit hout t renching
Conduit m a t e r ia l:
Default : * GALV*
GALV- Galvanized rigid st eel conduit
EMT- Elect rical m echanical t ubing
AL- Alum inum
1PVC- PVC plast ic conduit
PBON- PVC coat ed rigid st eel ( plast i- bond)
PVCA- PVC coat ed alum inum
FRE- Fiberglass
22-2
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
Ele ct r ic Pla n t Bu lk s - Ge n e r a l Ele ct r ica l Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Elect rical cont rol cable runs ( LV)
CTRL CABLE
M a t e r ia l:
ARMOR- Arm ored m ult i- core cable
W- C- Single wires in conduit , includes conduit
W- NC- Single wires in conduit ( less conduit )
W-TR- Single wires in t ray ( less t ray)
M- C- Mult i- core in conduit , includes conduit
M- NC- Mult i- core in conduit ( less conduit )
M-TR- Mult i- core cable in t ray ( less t ray)
LARM - Lead covered arm ored cable
Le n gt h of ca ble r u n :
Default : US: m ult i- core cable in conduit , else m ult i- core cable in t ray
w/ o t ray
Ca ble pla ce m e nt :
Default : Proj ect / Area Design Basis
ABOVE - Above ground cable/ wire
BELOW - Buried cable/ wire wit h t renching
NOTRN - Buried cable/ wire wit hout t renching
N u m be r of con duct or s:
Range: 1 - 37
Conduit m a t e r ia l: Default : * GALV*
GALV- Galvanized rigid st eel conduit
EMT- Elect rical m echanical t ubing
AL- Alum inum
PVC- PVC plast ic conduit
PBON- PVC coat ed rigid st eel ( plast i- bond)
PVCA- PVC coat ed alum inum
FRE- Fiberglass
Ca ble Size :
* 14* , 12, 10 AWG; * 1.5* , 2.5, 4.0 MM2.
Rigid conduit , galvanized st eel, couplings, fit t ings and seals
CON D UI T
- Cont inued on next page -
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
22-3
Electric Plant Bulks - Ge n e r a l Ele ct r ica l Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
CON D UI T - cont inued.
M a t e r ia l:
Default : * GALV*
GALV- Galvanized rigid st eel conduit
EMT- Elect rical m echanical t ubing
AL- Alum inum
PVC- PVC plast ic conduit
PBON- PVC coat ed rigid st eel ( plast i- bond)
PVCA- PVC coat ed alum inum
FRE- Fiberglass
Conduit dia m e t e r :
Range: 0.5 - 6.0 I NCHES [ 15 - 150 MM]
N u m be r of e lbow s: Default : * 0*
N u m be r of fit t ings: Default : * 0*
N u m be r of con duit se a ls: Default : * 0*
Elect rical cable t ray
ELEC TRAY
M a t e r ia l:
* GALV* , FBRGL, SS, AL
Tr a y W idt h:
Range: 6 - 36 I NCHES [ 150 - 910 MM] ;
D e fa u lt :
* 18* I NCHES [ * 450* MM]
N um be r of 9 0 de gr e e be nds:
* 0*
Tr a y t ype :
* L* , T, C, B
Elect rical t racing of exist ing equipm ent
Elect rical t racing of equipm ent ; it em of equipm ent and it s insulat ion
are assum ed specified elsewhere in t he proj ect .
EQPT TRACE
H e a t ing ca ble t ype :
Use P, M series cable for process t em perat ure m aint enance, and A, P,
or M series cable for am bient t em perat ure m aint enance.
3A- 3 W/ FT [ 10 W/ M] Chem elex BTV2- CT cable
5A- 5 W/ FT [ 16 W/ M] Chem elex BTV2- CT cable
8A- 8 W/ FT [ 26 W/ M] Chem elex BTV2- CT cable
10A- 10 W/ FT [ 33 W/ M] Chem elex BTV2- CT cable
5P- 5 W/ FT [ 16 W/ M] Chem elex XTV2- CT cable
10P- 10 W/ FT [ 33 W/ M] Chem elex XTV2- CT cable
15P- 15 W/ FT [ 49 W/ M] Chem elex XTV2- CT cable
20P- 20 W/ FT [ 65 W/ M] Chem elex XTV2- CT cable
40M - 40 W/ FT [ 131 W/ M] 300 Volt MI cable
- Cont inued on next page -
22-4
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
Electric Plant Bulks - Ge n e r a l Ele ct r ica l Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
EQPT TRACE - cont inued.
M2 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 9 OHM/ FT [ 29.5 OHM/ M]
M4 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 4.14 OHM/ FT [ 13.6 OHM/ M]
M6 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 1.15 OHM/ FT [ 3.77 OHM/ M]
M8 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 0.505 OHM/ FT [ 1.66 OHM/ M]
M10 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 0.2 OHM/ FT [ 0.656 OHM/ M]
M12 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 0.1 OHM/ FT [ 0.328 OHM/ M]
M14 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 0.0561 OHM/ FT [ 0.184 OHM/ M]
M16 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 0.0281 OHM/ FT
[ 0.0922 OHM/ M]
M18 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 0.013 OHM/ FT
[ 0.042 OHM/ M]
M20 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 0.00516 OHM/ FT
[ 0.016 OHM/ M]
D ist a nce t o pa ne l:
I f t he dist ance t o t he panel board is not specified, t he syst em
default s t o t he value defined for Area Elect rical Specificat ions.
Th e r m ost a t con t r ol:
Default : * E- AMB*
E-AMB - Elect ric t racing/ am bient t em perat ure cont rol
Single t herm ost at , cont rol of elect rical t racer based upon low
am bient t em perat ure specified for General Area Specificat ions.
E- PRO- Elect ric t racing/ process t em perat ure cont rol
Mult iple t herm ost at ed circuit s, cont rol of elect rical t racer based upon
low am bient t em perat ure specified for General Area Specificat ions.
Elect rical t racing of exist ing piping run
PI PE TRACE
Elect rical t racing of piping; piping is assum ed specified elsewhere. This
it em also provides insulat ion of t he sam e size, or one size larger t han
pipe diam et er for pipe diam et ers of 8 I NCHES [ 200 MM] or sm aller.
E- t race cable cat egory: Default : * S* , self- regulat ing cable. Select M
for MI t racing cable or S for self- regulat ing t racing cable.
Traced pipe lengt h: The pipe being t raced is not included, but m ust be
specified elsewhere.
Traced pipe diam et er: The pipe being t raced is not included, but m ust
be specified elsewhere.
Lengt h of t racer cable: Tot al lengt h of t racer segm ent s, default based
on pipe lengt h and diam et er.
- Cont inued on next page -
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
22-5
Electric Plant Bulks - Ge n e r a l Ele ct r ica l Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
PI PE TRACE - cont inued
H e a t ing ca ble t ype :
Use A series t o 120 DEGF[ 48DEGC] , P series t o 250 DEGF[ 120DEGC]
and M series t o 1049DEGF [ 565DEGC] over low am bient t em perat ure.
3A- 3 W/ FT [ 10 W/ M] Chem elex BTV2- CT cable
5A- 5 W/ FT [ 16 W/ M] Chem elex BTV2- CT cable
8A- 8 W/ FT [ 26 W/ M] Chem elex BTV2- CT cable
10A- 10 W/ FT [ 33 W/ M] Chem elex BTV2- CT cable 5P- 5 W/ FT [ 16 W/
M] Chem elex XTV2- CT cable
10P- 10 W/ FT [ 33 W/ M] Chem elex XTV2- CT cable
15P- 15 W/ FT [ 49 W/ M] Chem elex XTV2- CT cable
20P- 20 W/ FT [ 65 W/ M] Chem elex XTV2- CT cable
40P- 40M W/ FT [ 131 W/ M] 300 volt MI cable
M2 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 9 OHM/ FT [ 29.5 OHM/ M]
M4 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 4.14 OHM/ FT [ 13.6 OHM/ M]
M6 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 1.15 OHM/ FT [ 3.77 OHM/ M]
M8 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 0.505 OHM/ FT [ 1.66 OHM/ M]
M10 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 0.2 OHM/ FT [ 0.656 OHM/ M]
M12 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 0.1 OHM/ FT [ 0.328 OHM/ M]
M14 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 0.0561 OHM/ FT [ 0.184 OHM/ M]
M16 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 0.0281 OHM/ FT
[ 0.0922 OHM/ M]
M18 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 0.013 OHM/ FT [ 0.042 OHM/ M]
M20 - 600V, dual conduct or MI cable, 0.00516 OHM/ FT
[ 0.016 OHM/ M]
M a in t e n a n ce t e m pe r a t u r e :
Process t em perat ure t o be m aint ained.
Default : 392 DEG F [ 200 DEG C] for M series cable and 220 DEG F
[ 105 DEG C] for self- regulat ing and 40M cable.
Max: 250 DEG F [ 120 DEG C] for self- regulat ing cable and 1049 DEG F
[ 565 DEG C] for MI cable over low am bient t em perat ure.
Th e r m ost a t con t r ol:
Default : * E- AMB*
E-AMB - Elect ric t racing/ am bient t em perat ure cont rol Single
t herm ost at , cont rol of elect rical t racer based upon low
am bient t em perat ure specified for General Area Specificat ions.
E- PRO- Elect ric t racing/ process t em perat ure cont rol Mult iple
t herm ost at ed circuit s, cont rol of elect rical t racer based upon low
am bient t em perat ure specified for General Area Specificat ions.
- Cont inued on next page -
22-6
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
Electric Plant Bulks - Ge n e r a l Ele ct r ica l Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
PI PE TRACE - cont inued
D ist a nce t o pa ne l:
Dist ance - pipe t o local panel, feeder run t o individual t racers
det erm ined by syst em .
N u m be r of t he r m ost a t s:
Default : 1 for am bient cont rol, based on num ber of wat t s for process
m aint enance.
Ground grid
GRN D GRI D
A syst em of buried cable and rods provide a grid work for grounding
equipm ent , buildings and st ruct ures.
Gr ou nd ca ble le ngt h :
AWG ( US only) : 6, 2, 1/ 0, 2/ 0, 4/ 0; MM2: 16, 35, 50, 70, 95, 120.
D e fa u lt :
* 2* AWG [ * 35* MM2]
Gr ou nd r od t ype s:
* STD* , EL- L, EL- S.
I ncludes direct- buried grid cable brazed t o each ground rod. The
default rod t ype, STD, includes m anually- driven ¾ I NCH x 10 FEET
[ 3.05 METER] copper- clad ground rods wit h st uds, clam ps, et c. The
elect rolyt ic rod t ypes, EL- L ( 3 FEET vert ical x 10 FEET horizont al [ 0.91
x 3.05 METER] ) and EL- S ( st raight 10 FEET lengt h [ 3.05 M] ) , include
pipe wit h weep holes, elect rolyt ic filling m at erial, special conduct ive
backfill m at erial, and prot ect ive cover.
I f t he num ber of ground rods is not specified, 4 rods are generat ed for
t he first 1- 199 FEET [ 0.3- 60.6 METER] of grid cable, t hen 1 rod for
each 200 FEET [ 61 METER] t hereaft er. For exam ple, a 10 FEET [ 3.05
METER] lengt h generat es 4 rods, a 200 FEET [ 61 METER] lengt h
generat es 5, and 1,000 FEET [ 305 METER] generat es 9.
Does not include t renching and backfill.
Ground Grid Diagram and Rod Types:
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
22-7
Ele ct r ic Pla n t Bu lk s - Ge n e r a l Ele ct r ica l Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Area light ing: includes poles, light s and cable
AREA LI GH T
Flood:
400 - 1000 W; Default : * 400*
Ot he r :
100 - 400 W; Default : * 175*
Fix t u r e t ype :
Default : Mercury vapor/ explosion proof
FL1- Fluorescent - 1 bulb
FL2- Fluorescent - 2 bulbs
FL1E- Fluorescent - 1 bulb, explosion proof
FL2E- Fluorescent - 1 bulbs, explosion proofMVPE - Mercury vapor/
explosion proof
MVPV- Mercury vapor/ vaport it e
MVCE - Mercury vapor/ ceiling/ explosion proof
MVCV - Mercury vapor/ ceiling vaport it e
MVF- Mercury vapor/ flood
SVPE- Sodium vapor/ explosion proof
SVPV- Sodium vapor/ vaport it e
SVCE- Sodium vapor/ ceiling/ explosion proof
SVCV- Sodium vapor/ ceiling/ vaport it e
SVF- Sodium vapor/ flood
I NPE- I ncandescent / explosion proof
I NPV- I ncandescent / vaport it e
I NCE- I ncandescent / ceiling/ explosion proof
I NCV- I ncandescent / ceiling/ vaport it e
MHV- Mercury halide flood
Ele ct r ica l ca ble le ngt h:
Cable run lengt h from light ing panel.
N u m be r of light s:
Default : * 0*
Pow e r pe r light :
M in ( flood) :
400 W; Max ( fluorescent ) : 120 W;
Default : 175 W
Suppor t t ype :
See illust rat ions on following page.
* PENDT* - Pendant support
BRAKT- Bracket support
STAND- St and and support arm
POLE- Pole support ( see height ent ry below)
- Cont inued on next page -
22-8
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
Electric Plant Bulks - Ge n e r a l Ele ct r ica l Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
AREA LI GH T - cont inued
N u m be r of pole s:
Default : * 0* .
Pole h e igh t :
Default : * 20* FEET [ * 6.0* M] .
N um be r of ge ne r a l r e ce pt a cle s:
Low volt age ( 30- 50 A) . Default : * 0* .
N um be r of w e ld r e ce pt a cle s:
300 A. Default : * 0* .
W ir ing syst e m :
Default : * 3 wire syst em *
2- 2 conduct or syst em
3- 3 conduct or syst em
4- 4 conduct or syst em
Ca ble size :
Default : US: * 12 AWG* , else: 2.5 MM2.
14- 14 AWG - US only
12- 12 AWG - US only
10- 10 AWG - US only
1.5- 1.5 MM2 - ot her bases
2.5- 2.5 MM2 - ot her bases
4- 4 MM2 - ot her bases
Ca ble pla ce m e nt :
Default : Proj ect / Area Design Basis
ABOVE - Above ground cable/ wire
BELOW - Buried cable/ wire wit h t renching
NOTRN - Buried cable/ wire wit hout t renching
Ele ct r ica l ca ble t ype :
ARMOR- Arm ored m ult i- core cable
W- C- Single wires in conduit , includes conduit
W- NC- Single wires in conduit ( less conduit )
W-TR- Single wires in t ray ( less t ray)
M- C- Mult i- core in conduit , includes conduit
M- NC- Mult i- core in conduit ( less conduit )
M-TR- Mult i- core cable in t ray ( less t ray)
- Cont inued on next page -
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
22-9
Electric Plant Bulks - Ge n e r a l Ele ct r ica l Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
AREA LI GH T - cont inued
22-10
STAN D Suppor t Type
STAN D Su ppor t Type w it h M a st
POLE Suppor t Type
BRAKT a n d PEN D T Suppor t Type s
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
Electric Plant Bulks - Ge n e r a l Ele ct r ica l Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Group of anodes in deep well
D EEP
A group of anodes in a deep well wit h connect ing leads t o an adj acent AN OD E
j unct ion box.
Anode ca pa cit y:
Based on five am ps per anode.
Anode de pt h:
Dept h should be based on t he local soil condit ions. The dept h is 100
FEET [ 30 M] plus 7 FEET [ 2 M] per anode ( 5 am ps per anode) .
W e ll ca sin g sym bol:
Default : * NONE*
NONE- No well casing
CASED- Cased well
I ndividual galvanic anode
GALV
AN OD E
An individual galvanic anode for road crossings, et c.
Lengt h per cable run: Default : * 40* FEET [ * 12* M]
Group of anodes in shallow surface bed
SURF
AN OD E
A shallow surface anode bed consist ing of anodes wit h underground
leads t o an adj acent j unct ion box.
Type of a node :
A- Drilled hole, nat ive backfill
B- Drilled hole, coke breeze backfill
C- Trench, coke breeze backfill
D- Trench, nat ive backfill
N u m be r of a n ode s pe r be d: * 10*
Spa cing:
Anode spacing is t he cent er- t o- cent er dist ance.
Default : * 8* FEET [ * 2.5* M]
Pot ent ial m easurem ent t est st at ion
POT TEST
N u m be r of t e st st a t ion s:
Ent er num ber of t est st at ions per locat ion.
Transform er/ rect ifier
RECTI FI ER
480 V/ 60 HZ [ 415 V/ 50 HZ] 3 phase input
D.C. Out put : 50 V/ 50 A or 100 V/ 100 A
Power pole line m ust be specified separat ely.
Anode ca pa cit y:
50: 50A / 50V
150: 150A / 100V
Le n gt h pe r ca ble r un :
Default : * 500* FEET [ * 150* M]
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
22-11
Electric Plant Bulks - Ge n e r a l Ele ct r ica l Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Solar panel wit h st orage bat t eries
Solar panels, adj acent st orage bat t eries, cont rol cent er, support ing
st ruct ure, fencing and cable t o a j unct ion box.
SOLAR PAN L
Le n gt h pe r ca ble r un : Default : * 500* FEET [ * 150* M]
Em ergency light wit h bat t ery
EM ER LI GH T
Provides short- t erm , local light ing for personnel in case of an elect ric
power failure. I ndoor, general- purpose t ype includes select ion of light
t ypes, 6V bat t ery, bat t ery- recharger, power cable wit h plug for local
out let , and m ount ing bracket .
Light t ype :
HEPS, HEPR, LEPS, LEPR, STDS, STDR
N um be r of light bulbs:
* 1* , 2
Underground cable duct
CABLE D UCT
Bu r ie d de pt h :
Default : * 40* I NCHES [ * 1000* MM]
Ca ble du ct w idt h :
Default : * 72* I NCHES [ * 1800* MM]
Ca ble du ct t ype :
* TI LE* , ENVEL, CONC, PRCST
Light ing panelboard and dist ribut ion board
PAN EL BRD
Local light ing panelboard or dist ribut ion board in subst at ion.
Light ing panel/ dist r. board size: 8- 36 for panelboard and 6- 12 for
dist ribut ion board.
Tr a n sfor m e r size :
t ransform er for panelboard, 15- 75 KVA.
Default : * 0*
Light ing pa n e l/ dist r . boa r d opt .:
P - Local light ing panelboard
D - Dist ribut ion board in subst at ion
Default : D ( dist ribut ion board) for UK and EU count ry bases and P
( panelboard) for all ot her count ry bases.
Pa n e l/ dist r . boa r d e x p. pr oof opt .:
blank - Based on area/ proj ect elect rical class and division or zone
EXPR - Explosion proof enclosure
NEXPR - Non- explosion proof enclosure
Default : based on area/ proj ect specificat ion for elect rical class and
division or zone.
Tracing panelboard for elect rical heat t racing
TRACE PAN L
Panelboard for elect rical heat t racing circuit s.
Pa n e lboa r d size : 12- 36
22-12
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
Electric Plant Bulks - Ge n e r a l Ele ct r ica l Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Elect rical heat t racing cont roller - single and m ult i- point
TRACE CN TR
Provides cont rol and m onit oring of elect rical heat ing cable circuit s.
Single- circuit , dual- circuit and m ult i- circuit cont rollers provide
t em perat ure cont rol and m onit ors t em perat ure, ground fault level and
cont roller failure.
Packaged unit is m odular- rack design and cont ains 10 cont rollers in
one panel
Single/ Mult i- point Cont roller
Tr a cing cont r ol point s:
Default : * 0* , Maxim um 20
Re la y t ype :
EMR - Elect rom echanical relay
SSR - Solid st at e relay
Default : * EMR*
Com m unica t ion opt ion:
com m unicat ion m odule wit h 2- wire RS- 485 com m unicat ion.
blank - No RS- 485 com m unicat ion int erface required ( default )
X - RS- 485 com m unicat ion int erface required.
Default : no RS- 485 com m unicat ion int erface required.
En closu r e m a t e r ia l:
blank - Fiberglass enclosure
SS - St ainless st eel enclosure
Default : Fiberglass enclosure wit h window Packaged Cont roller and
Panelboard
Tr a cing cont r ol point s:
Only 10 cont rol point s allowed
Pa n e lboa r d size : * 24* , 30 and 42
Re la y t ype :
EMR - Elect rom echanical relay
SSR - Solid st at e relay
Default : * EMR*
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
22-13
Electric Plant Bulks - Ge n e r a l Ele ct r ica l Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Pu blic Addr e ss a nd Ge n e r a l Ala r m
Equ ipm e nt ca bin e t s:
Default : 1 cabinet per 150 devices.
Ra ce w a y le ngt h
Default : 30% of t he raceway lengt h.
Ra ce w a y w idt h :
Default :
°
I P - 4 inches
°
Met ric- 100 m m
Ra ce w a y t ype :
°
* L - Ladder t ray
°
T - Trough t ray
°
C - Trough t ray wit h t op cover
°
B - Trough t ray wit h t op and bot t om cover
°
Default : Ladder t ray
Ca ble le n gt h pe r de vice :
Dist ance from t he cabinet t o t he field device.
Default : Area level Elect rical specificat ions.
Ca ble pla ce m e nt :
T - Cable in t ray
C- Cable in conduit
B - Buried cable
Default : * T*
Ju n ct ion box e s:
Default : 1 each per 10 speakers/ st robes com bined.
Out door spe a k e r s:
Default : None
I n door spe a k e r s:
Default : None
Out door st r obe s:
Default : None
I n door st r obe s:
Default : None
Out door ha n dse t s:
Default : None
I n door ha ndse t s:
Default : None
Acou st ic hoods:
Default : Equal t o t he num ber of out side handset s.
Pole s:
Default : 1 pole per 2 out door speakers and 1 st robes.
22-14
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
Electric Plant Bulks - Ge n e r a l Ele ct r ica l Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Close d Cir cu it Te le vision
Equ ipm e nt ca bin e t s:
Default : 1 cabinet per syst em .
Ra ce w a y le ngt h
Default : 30% of t he raceway lengt h.
°
I P - 4 inches
°
Met ric- 100 m m
Ra ce w a y t ype :
°
* L - Ladder t ray
°
T - Trough t ray
°
C - Trough t ray wit h t op cover
°
B - Trough t ray wit h t op and bot t om cover
°
Default : Ladder t ray
Ca ble le n gt h pe r de vice :
Dist ance from t he cabinet t o t he field device.
Default : Area level Elect rical specificat ions.
Ca ble pla ce m e nt :
T - Cable in t ray
C- Cable in conduit
B - Buried cable
Default : * T*
Ju n ct ion box e s:
Default : 1 j unct ion box per cam era
Ca m e r a s:
Default : 0
M on it or s:
Default : 1 m onit or per 4 cam eras.
Pole s:
Default : 1 pole per cam era
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
22-15
Electric Plant Bulks - Ge n e r a l Ele ct r ica l Pla nt Bu lk s - cont inued
Te le ph one Syst e m
Equ ipm e nt ca bin e t s:
Default : 1 cabinet per syst em .
Ra ce w a y le ngt h
Default : 90% of t he raceway lengt h.
Ra ce w a y w idt h :
Default :
°
I P - 4 inches
°
Met ric- 100 m m
Ra ce w a y t ype :
°
* L - Ladder t ray
°
T - Trough t ray
°
C - Trough t ray wit h t op cover
°
B - Trough t ray wit h t op and bot t om cover
°
Default : Ladder t ray
Ca ble le n gt h pe r de vice :
Dist ance from t he cabinet t o t he field device.
Default : Area level Elect rical specificat ions.
Ca ble pla ce m e nt :
T - Cable in t ray
C- Cable in conduit
B - Buried cable
Default : * T*
Ju n ct ion box e s:
Default : 0
Out door ph on e s:
Default : 0
I n door phon e s:
Default : 0.
V ide o confe r e nce :
Default : 0
22-16
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
Electric Plant Bulks - Ge n e r a l Ele ct r ica l Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Ar e a N e t w or k Syst e m
Equ ipm e nt ca bin e t s:
Default : 1 cabinet per syst em .
Ra ce w a y le ngt h
Default : 90% of t he t ot al cable lengt h.
Ra ce w a y w idt h :
Default :
°
I P - 4 inches
°
Met ric- 100 m m
Ra ce w a y t ype :
°
* L - Ladder t ray
°
T - Trough t ray
°
C - Trough t ray wit h t op cover
°
B - Trough t ray wit h t op and bot t om cover
°
Default : Ladder t ray
Ca ble le n gt h pe r de vice :
Dist ance from t he cabinet t o t he field device.
Default : Area level Elect rical specificat ions.
Ca ble pla ce m e nt :
T - Cable in t ray
C- Cable in conduit
B - Buried cable
Default : * T*
Pla n t r a dios:
Default : 0
M a r in e r a dios:
Default : 0
Avia t ion r a dios:
Default : 0
Ant e nna / t ow e r s:
Default : 1 if any of t he radios is specified.
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
22-17
Electric Plant Bulks - Ge n e r a l Ele ct r ica l Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Acce ss Con t r ol Syst e m
Equ ipm e nt ca bin e t s:
Default : 1 cabinet per syst em .
Ra ce w a y le ngt h
Default : 90% of t he t ot al cable lengt h.
Ra ce w a y w idt h :
Default :
°
I P - 4 inches
°
Met ric- 100 m m
Ra ce w a y t ype :
°
* L - Ladder t ray
°
T - Trough t ray
°
C - Trough t ray wit h t op cover
°
B - Trough t ray wit h t op and bot t om cover
°
Default : Ladder t ray
Ca ble le n gt h pe r de vice :
Dist ance from t he cabinet t o t he field device.
Default : Area level Elect rical specificat ions.
Ca ble pla ce m e nt :
T - Cable in t ray
C- Cable in conduit
B - Buried cable
Default : * T*
Ju n ct ion box e s:
Default : 1 per card reader/ door operat or.
W or k st a t ions:
Default : 0
Ca r d r e a de r s:
Default : 0
Cont r olle r s:
Default : 0
D oor / Tu r n st ile Ope r a t or s:
Default : 0
22-18
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
Electric Plant Bulks - Ge n e r a l Ele ct r ica l Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
I n t r u sion D e t e ct ion Syst e m
Equ ipm e nt ca bin e t s:
Default : 1 cabinet per proj ect .
Ra ce w a y le ngt h
Default : 0.
Ra ce w a y w idt h :
Default :
°
I P - 4 inches
°
Met ric- 100 m m
Ra ce w a y t ype :
°
* L - Ladder t ray
°
T - Trough t ray
°
C - Trough t ray wit h t op cover
°
B - Trough t ray wit h t op and bot t om cover
°
Default : Ladder t ray
Ca ble le n gt h pe r de vice :
Dist ance from t he cabinet t o t he field device.
Default : Area level Elect rical specificat ions.
Ca ble pla ce m e nt :
T - Cable in t ray
C- Cable in conduit
B - Buried cable
Default : * B*
Ju n ct ion box e s:
Default : 1 per pole
W or k st a t ions:
Default : 1 per 45 cam eras
D e t e ct or s:
Default : 0
Ca m e r a s:
Default : 0
M on it or s:
Default : 4 per work st at ion
Pole s:
Default : 1 per cam era
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
22-19
Electric Plant Bulks - Ge n e r a l Ele ct r ica l Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
M e t e or logica l M onit or ing Syst e m
Equ ipm e nt ca bin e t s:
Default : 1 cabinet per proj ect .
Ra ce w a y le ngt h
Default : 90% of t he t ot al cable lengt h..
Ra ce w a y w idt h :
Default :
°
I P - 4 inches
°
Met ric- 100 m m
Ra ce w a y t ype :
°
* L - Ladder t ray
°
T - Trough t ray
°
C - Trough t ray wit h t op cover
°
B - Trough t ray wit h t op and bot t om cover
°
Default : Ladder t ray
Ca ble le n gt h pe r de vice :
Dist ance from t he cabinet t o t he field device.
Default : Area level Elect rical specificat ions.
Ca ble pla ce m e nt :
T - Cable in t ray
C- Cable in conduit
B - Buried cable
Default : * T*
W e a t h e r St a t ion :
Default : 1 weat her st at ion per syst em .
St r u ct u r e d Ca bling for Bu ildin gs
Fibe r opt ic ca ble le n gt h:
Default : 0
Fibe r opt ic ca ble t e r m ina t ions:
Default : 0
CAT5 ca ble le ngt h:
Default : 0
CAT5 ca ble t e r m ina t ions:
Default : 0
22-20
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
Su bst a t ion Ele ct r ica l Pla n t Bu lk s
Subst at ion elect rical plant bulks include t ransform ers, breakers, t ransm ission
lines and bus.
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Bus duct
BUS D UCT
Cont inu ou s Cu r r e n t :
Max: 3,000 A
Le n gt h de fa u lt e lbow s:
1 per 20 FEET [ 6 M]
Ra t e d volt a ge :
* 600* - 600 V at 60 HZ.
5000- 5000 V at 60 HZ.
15000- 15000 V at 60 HZ.
600- 600 V at 50 HZ.
3300- 3300 V at 50 HZ.
11000- 11000 V at 50 HZ.
N u m be r of e lbow s:
Default : 1 per 20 FEET [ 6 M]
Te r m in a t ion t ype :
* NONE*
NONE- No t erm inat ions
TRANS- Transform er t erm inat ion only
SWGR- Swit chgear t erm inat ion only
BOTH- Swit chgear and t ransform er t erm inat ion
Elect rical t ransform er: 1 or 2 t ap
TRAN SFORM
Ra t e d loa d:
Range: 10 - 100,000 KVA
Tr a nsfor m e r t ype :
* DRY* , OI L
Oil circuit breakers
OI L C BRKR
Ra t e d volt a ge :
Range: 11 - 400 KV
Cont inu ou s Cu r r e n t :
Max: 5 KA [ 5000 A]
Disconnect swit ches
D I SCN CT
SW
Ra t e d volt a ge :
Range: 4 - 230 KV
Overhead t ransm ission line: cables, st ruct ures, guys, grounds
POLE LI N E
See “ Schem at ic of Proj ect Sit e Transm ission Line Hook- Up”
Wire size: See “ Wire Sizes” lat er in t his chapt er.
St eel for subst at ion st ruct ure
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
SUBSTN STL
22-21
Ele ct r ica l Pla n t Bu lk s - Su bst a t ion Ele ct r ica l Pla nt Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Circuit breakers: m ain, feeder, t ie- breakers
BREAKER
Cont inu ou s cur r e nt : Max: 3,000 A
Ra t e d volt a ge : t hrough t he m axim um HV.
I n t e r r u pt ca pa cit y:
LV: 25 - 70 MVA; MV: 250 - 350 MVA;
HV: 500 - 1000 MVA
Cir cu it br e a k e r t ype :
* AI R* , SF6, VAC
Breaker locat ion:
Default : * FEED*
FEED- Feeder breaker
MAI N- Main breaker
TI E- Tie breaker
Mot or cont rol cent er
M CC
Floor- m ount ed assem blies of one or m ore enclosed vert ical sect ions
principally cont aining com binat ion m ot or cont rol/ overload prot ect ion
unit s ( st art ers) .
Volt a ge r a n ge :
LV: 0.5 - 400 HP [ 0.33 - 300 KW]
MV: 200 - 1000 HP [ 150 - 3000 KW]
MCC t ype: * S* , I
The MCCs described are int ended for inside use ( i.e., are not for
out side use local t o t he m ot ors) . They are unaffect ed by t he elect rical
class/ zone specificat ions covered lat er in t his chapt er. The “ int elligent ”
MCCs provide m ore sophist icat ed elect ronic cont rol and com m unicat ion
t o a cont rol cent er. The cost for upst ream it em s are not included ( e.g.,
supply bus duct / cable; swit chgear [ feeder breakers, m et ering,
subst at ion disconnect swit ch, m ain breaker] ; and subst at ion
t ransform er) .
22-22
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
Ele ct r ica l Pla n t Bu lk s - Su bst a t ion Ele ct r ica l Pla nt Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Swit ch board
SW I TCH
BRD
Cont inu ou s cur r e nt :
600- 4000 A
Ra t e d volt a ge :
3- 13.8 KV
Sw it chboa r d t ype :
VCB- Vacuum circuit breaker
VCS1- Vacuum circuit breaker 1 unit st ack
VCS2- Vacuum circuit breaker 2 unit st ack
VCS3- Vacuum circuit breaker 3 unit st ack
Shor t cir cu it cu r r e n t :
* 25* - 40 KA
AC/ DC Transform er
AC D C TRAN
Ra t ing:
30- 300 am pere- hours
Package t ransform er wit h panel
PKG TRAN SF
Ra t e d loa d:
50- 800 KVA
Tr a nsfor m e r pr im a r y volt a ge :
3000- 13800 V
N um be r of pha se s:
1 or * 3*
Em ergency diesel generat or
EM PW R SET
Pow e r out pu t :
5 - 1500 KVA
Unint errupt ed power supply
UPS
Ra t e d loa d:
2- 300 KVA.
UPS t ype :
* STD* , MULT.
Power fact or connect ion capacit or
PF CORRECT
Ca pa cit y:
24- 2500 KVAR.
Volt a ge :
LV ( low volt age) , MV ( m edium volt age) .
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
22-23
Sch e m a t ic of Tr a n sm ission Lin e
22-24
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
Su bst a t ion
Sch e m a t ics
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
22-25
Ele ct r ica l & Con t r ol H ook - Ups
for Ele ct r ic M ot or s
M ot or Cont r ol Ce n t e r
The MCCs described are int ended for inside use ( i.e., are not for out side use
local t o t he m ot ors) . They are unaffect ed by t he elect rical class/ zone
specificat ions covered lat er in t his chapt er. The “ int elligent ” MCCs provide
m ore sophist icat ed elect ronic cont rol and com m unicat ion t o a cont rol cent er.
The cost for upst ream it em s are not included ( e.g., supply bus duct / cable;
swit chgear [ feeder breakers, m et ering, subst at ion disconnect sw it ch, m ain
breaker] ; and subst at ion t ransform er) .
There are t wo t ypes of MCC available in t he syst em ( see diagram below) —
t hose wit h elect ric m ot ors driven at low volt age ( MCC- LV: COA 733) and t hose
wit h elect ric m ot ors driven at m id- volt age ( MCC- MV: COA 744) . Bot h t ypes of
MCCs include st ar t ers.
22-26
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
The MCC- LV is a 12- NEMA space cabinet ; t he MCC- MV is a 3- NEMA space
cabinet . This it em is specified by t he HP [ KW] rat ing of t he m ot or being
supplied- t his perm it s t he syst em t o select an appropriat ely sized st ar t er ( see
t able below) . The result ing cost includes bot h t he cost of t he st art er as well as
t he cost for t he fract ion of t he cabinet occupied by t he st art er.
For exam ple, assum e t hat you specify a 20 HP [ 15 KW] rat ing- t he report ed
cost for t he MCC- LV is t he cost of t he 3- space st art er plus t hree- t welft hs of t he
whole cost of t he cabinet . Specifying four such it em s would, in effect ,
com plet ely account for t he cost of one 12- space MCC- LV cont aining four 3space st art ers.
M ot or Size
HP
Volt a ge
KW
St a r t e r Size
( spa ce s)
< = 10 HP
< = 7.5 KW
LV
2
20 - 50 HP
15 - 37.4 KW
LV
3
60 - 100 HP
44.7 - 75 KW
LV
5
125 - 200 HP
95 - 150 KW
LV
6
250 - 400 HP
180 - 300 KW
LV
9
200 - 400 HP
150 - 300 KW
MV
3
450 - 4, 000 HP
335 - 3, 1150 KW
MV
3
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
22-27
Medium Voltage (MV) and Low Voltage (LV) Motor Control Centers (MCC):
N ot e : When you select t he high volt age as 34.5kV ( US, ME) / 33kV ( UK, EU,
JP) in t he general elect rical specificat ions, t hen all t he high volt age m ot ors in
t he proj ect should be powered at t he corresponding m edium volt age, because
all t he m ot ors in t he syst em are at t he m ost rat ed for 15kV ( US, ME) / 11kV
( UK, EU, JP) only.
22-28
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
Pow e r D ist r ibu t ion N e t w or k
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
22-29
W ir e Size s
Wires sizes must be chosen from one of the following tables.
US a n d M E Cou n t r y Ba se s or AW G W ir e Un it s
W ir e Size Sym bols ( gua ge size s)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - LV - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MV - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - HV - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14
8
2
250
1000
12
6
1
350
1250
10
4
1/ 0
500
1500
2/ 0
750
1750
4/ 0
- - - - - - - - ( AWG) - - -
2000
- - - - - ( KCMI L) - - - - -
UK, EU, a n d JP Cou n t r y Ba se s
UK, EU, a nd JP Count r y Ba se or M M 2 W ir e
Unit s
W ir e Siz e Sym bols ( M M 2 size s)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - LV - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MV - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - HV - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.5
10
35
185
500
2.5
16
50
240
630
4
25
70
300
800
95
400
1000
6
120
150
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( MM2) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
22-30
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
Ele ct r ica l Cla ss/ D ivision
National Electrical Code (NEC)
Ele ct r ica l Cla ss a nd D ivision Sym bol
Single Cor e
or M ult iCor e W ir e
I n Tr a y
Sin gle Cor e
or M ult iCor e W ir e
I n Con du it
Ar m or ed
Ca ble
Fla m m a ble Ga sse s or Va por s
11
Highly inflam m able gasses and/ or
vapors. Hazardous at m ospheres exist
cont inuously or can occur during course
of norm al operat ion for t his area.
Explosion- proof.
-
+
-
* 12*
Flam m able liquids are handled and
processed in t his area, but t hey are
norm ally confined ( Default ) .
-
+
-
Com bust ible D ust
21
Dust is suspended in air cont inuously or
during course of norm al operat ion for
t his area.
-
+
-
22
Suspension of dust is not likely in t his
area, but deposit s of dust can occur and
be ignit ed by sparks.
-
+
-
Com bust ible Fibe r s or Pa r t icle s
31
Locat ions exist in t his area in which
ignit able fibers are handled or used.
-
+
-
32
Locat ions exist in t his area in which
easily ignit able fibers are st ored.
-
+
-
-
+
-
Ge n e r a l Pu r pose
GP
Non- hazardous condit ions.
+ I ndicat es cable t ype consist ent wit h elect rical class and division.
- I ndicat es cable t ype inconsist ent wit h elect rical class and division.
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
22-31
I n t e r n a t ion a l Ele ct r ica l Code
( I EC)
Ele ct r ica l Zone
Single Cor e
or M ult iCor e W ir e
I n Tr a y
Sin gle Cor e
or M u lt iCor e W ir e
I n Con duit
Ar m or e
d Ca ble
Fla m m a ble Ga sse s or Va por s
0
Explosive gas/ air m ixt ure is const ant ly
present or is present for long periods.
_
+
+
1
Explosive gas/ air m ixt ure is likely t o
occur under norm al operat ing
condit ions.
_
+
+
2
Explosive gas/ air m ixt ure is unlikely t o
occur under norm al operat ing
condit ions. I f it does occur, it will be of
short durat ion.
+
+
+
GP
Non- hazardous condit ions
+
+
+
+ I ndicat es cable t ype consist ent wit h elect rical class and division.
- I ndicat es cable t ype inconsist ent wit h elect rical class and division.
22-32
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
22-33
22-34
2 2 Ele ct r ica l ( G1 3 )
2 3 I n su la t ion a n d
Fir e pr oofin g
( G8 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
I nsulat ion Plant Bulks
I nsulat ion Mat erials
Firepr oofing Mat er ials
I nsulat ion Schedules - Syst em Default Tables
Hot I nsulat ion - Light Schedule ( L) : I - P Unit s
Hot I nsulat ion - Medium Schedule ( M) : I - P Unit s
Hot I nsulat ion - Heavy Schedule ( H) : I - P Unit s
Cold I nsulat ion - 1 t o 5.5 I NCH Thicknesses
Cold I nsulat ion - 6 t o 10 I NCH Thicknesses
Hot I nsulat ion - Light Schedule ( L) : Met r ic Unit s
Hot I nsulat ion - Medium Schedule ( M) : Met ric Unit s
Hot I nsulat ion - Heavy Schedule ( H) : Met ric Unit s
Cold I nsulat ion - 25 t o 165 MM Thicknesses
Cold I nsulat ion - 178 t o 254 MM Thicknesses
Cust om izing I nsulat ion Specificat ions
2 3 I n sula t ion a n d Fir e pr oofin g ( G8 )
23-1
I n su la t ion Pla n t Bu lk s
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Fireproofing for exist ing surface area
FI REP AREA
General fireproofing specified as a surface area t o be covered.
M a t e r ia l:
* MAGN* - Magnesium oxychloride
CONC- Concret e
Fir e r e sist a nce r a t ing:
Range: 2 - 4
The t hickness changes according t o t he Firepr. Rat ing- Hours:
For m a gn e sium ox ychlor fir e pr oofin g:
2 hours- 9/ 16 I NCHES [ 14 MM]
3 hours- 7/ 8 I NCHES [ 22 MM]
4 hours- 1 3/ 16 I NCHES [ 30 MM]
For con cr e t e fir e pr oofing:
< 3 hours- 2 1/ 2 I NCHES [ 64 MM]
3 hours- 3 I NCHES [ 76 MM]
4 hours- 3 1/ 2 I NCHES [ 88 MM]
Fireproofing for exist ing st ruct ural st eel
FI REP SSTL
M a t e r ia l:
* MAGN* - Magnesium oxychloride
CONC- Concret e
Fir e r e sist a nce r a t ing:
Range: 2 - 4
The t hickness changes according t o t he Firepr. Rat ing- Hours:
For m a gn e sium ox ychlor fir e pr oofin g:
2 hours- 9/ 16 I NCHES [ 14 MM]
3 hours- 7/ 8 I NCHES [ 22 MM]
4 hours- 1 3/ 16 I NCHES [ 30 MM]
For con cr e t e fir e pr oofing:
< 3 hours- 2 1/ 2 I NCHES [ 64 MM]
3 hours- 3 I NCHES [ 76 MM]
4 hours- 3 1/ 2 I NCHES [ 88 MM]
General area insulat ion.
I N SUL AREA
I nsulat ion for exist ing surface area: hot , cold insulat ion.
General insulat ion specified as surface area t o be covered.
M a t e r ia l:
* CASI L* - Calcium silicat e
MWOOL- Mineral wool
FOAM- Foam glass
- Cont inued on next page -
23-2
2 3 I n su la t ion a n d Fir e pr oofin g ( G8 )
I n su la t ion Pla n t Bu lk s - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
I N SUL AREA - cont inued
Te m pe r a t u r e :
Tem perat ure for FOAM only, provides cold ( default ) or hot insulat ion.
Ja ck e t t ype :
AL- Alum inum j acket
SS- St ainless st eel j acket
CS- Paint ed carbon st eel j acket
I nsulat ion for exist ing piping: hot , cold
I N SUL PI PE
M a t e r ia l:
* CASI L* - Calcium silicat e
MWOOL- Mineral wool
FOAM- Foam glass
Te m pe r a t ur e :
Tem perat ure for FOAM only, provides cold ( default ) or hot
insulat ion.
Ja ck e t t ype :
AL- Alum inum j acket
SS- St ainless st eel j acket
CS- Paint ed carbon st eel j acket
Packed bulk insulat ion
I N SUL BULK
M a t e r ia l:
* PERL* - Perlit e bulk insulat ion
VERM- Verm iculit e bulk insulat ion
RWOOL- Rockwool bulk insulat ion
Cable Tray fireproofing
FI REP TRAY
Fir e r e sist a nce r a t ing:
Range: 2 - 4
2 3 I n sula t ion a n d Fir e pr oofin g ( G8 )
23-3
I n su la t ion M a t e r ia ls
Not e t hat insulat ion is applied t o equipm ent and piping as specified by t he
user. The default , if no choice is specified, is foam glass insulat ion for
t em perat ures 50 DEG F [ 10 DEG C] or low er; calcium silicat e insulat ion is
applied for higher t em perat ures.
D e scr ipt ion
M a x im um Thick ne ss Te m pe r a t ur e Ra nge
D EG C
I nsu la t ion
Sym bol
Calcium silicat e
12.0
300.0
51 t o 1500
11 t o 815
CASI L
Mineral wool
12.0
300.0
51 t o 1200
11 t o 645
MWOOL
I N CH ES
MM
D EG F
Foam glass
12.0
300.0
- 450 t o 665
- 265 t o 350
FOAM
Ceram ic wool
12.0
300.0
51 t o 1500
11 t o 815
CWOOL
Polyisocyanurat e/
Plyuret hane
12.0
300.0
- 450 t o 250
- 265 t o 120
PURF
Fir e pr oofin g M a t e r ia ls
Not e t hat fireproofing is not applied t o equipm ent ( skirt s/ legs, support st eel,
ladders) and various st eel st ruct ures by default . The user m ust specify at least
t he rat ing ( t hickness t o use) in proj ect level specificat ions and separat ely
specify t he t hickness of fireproofing on each com ponent . The default m at erial
is m agnesium oxychloride.
D e scr ipt ion
Ra t ing
( h ou r s)
Magnesium
oxychloride
0
0
0
2
9
-----16
14
3
4
1 -----16
22
4
3
1 -----16
30
0
0
0
2
1
1 --2
64
3
3
76
4
1
1 --2
89
1
3--4
19
2
1
25
3
1
1 --4
32
4
1
1 --2
38
Concret e
Pyrocret e
23-4
Thick ne ss
I N CH ES
MM
Fir e pr oofin g
Sym bol
MAGN
CONC
PYRO
2 3 I n su la t ion a n d Fir e pr oofin g ( G8 )
I n su la t ion Sch e du le s - Syst e m
D e fa u lt Ta ble s
H ot I n su la t ion - Ligh t Sch e du le ( L) : I - P
Un it s
N om ina l
Pipe
D ia m e t e r
I nsu la t ion Thick n e ss - I N CH ES
1
1 .5
2
2 .5
I n che s
3
3 .5
4
4 .5
5
5 .5
6
Te m pe r a t u r e s - D e gr e e s F
0.75
268
460
790
1170
1774
2000
1
150
454
780
1161
1586
1989
2000
1.5
150
411
581
1049
1410
1801
2000
2
150
305
558
869
1181
1640
1836 2000
2.5
150
253
500
848
1148
1613
1778 2000
3
150
236
441
679
949
1232
1558 1887
2000
4
150
216
389
598
848
1142
1406 1737
2000
6
150
164
306
493
709
950
1237 1520
1810 2000
8
150
162
295
475
693
914
1133 1385
1700 2000
10
150
162
90
445
628
823
1008 1268
1556 1922 2000
12
150
162
275
414
585
776
960
1236
1492 1846 2000
14
150
256
392
557
748
952
1177
1419 1775 2000
16
150
250
383
542
725
928
1147
1384 1708 2000
18
150
244
373
529
706
911
1126
1364 1646 2000
20
150
238
365
517
696
894
1109
1361 1588 2000
22
150
238
365
517
696
894
1109
1346 1534 2000
24
150
226
349
501
676
874
1090
1329 1483 2000
26
150
226
349
501
676
874
1090
1329 1436 2000
28
150
225
340
501
622
850
1032
1250 1392 1546
30
150
225
340
501
622
850
1032
1250 1392 1546
36
150
225
340
501
622
850
1032
1250 1392 2000
Not es: Light insulat ion schedule is t ypical for average low am bient
t em perat ures above 40 degrees F. I nsulat ion for hot service would be applied
t o designat ed surfaces of 51 degrees F or hot t er.
To use t he t able:
1
Locat e pipe diam et er in left colum n.
2
Read across line t o locat e t he operat ing t em perat ure ( degrees F) .
3
Read required insulat ion t hickness at t op of colum n. For int erm ediat e
t em perat ures, use next larger insulat ion t hickness.
4
For large diam et er pipe, equipm ent , or ot her large flat surfaces, use
t hicknesses in t he last line in t he t able.
2 3 I n sula t ion a n d Fir e pr oofin g ( G8 )
23-5
H ot I n su la t ion - M e diu m Sch e du le ( M ) : I - P
Un it s
N om ina l
Pipe
D ia m e t e r
I nsula t ion Thick ne ss - I N CH ES
1
1 .5
2
2 .5
I n che s
3
3 .5
4
4 .5
5
5 .5
6
6 .5
Te m pe r a t u r e s - D e gr e e s F
0.75
209
305
520
758
1185 1457
1659 1911 2000
1
150
302
498
732
1051 1399
1588 1825 2000
1.5
150
231
389
665
944
1279
1557 1786 2000
2
150
228
369
565
811
1173
1444 1747 2000
2.5
150
202
332
544
777
1137
1433 1710 1941 2000
3
150
193
296
450
660
925
1240 1617 1882 2000
4
150
183
270
392
579
838
1112 1475 1801 2000
6
150
157
228
322
479
705
977
1304 1630 1953 2000
8
150
156
223
313
444
648
881
1177 1505 1869 2000
10
150
156
220
298
389
571
774
1067 1366 1788 2000
12
150
156
213
282
368
517
710
1001 1277 1716 1922 2000
14
150
203
271
354
474
670
926
1184 1653 1846 2000
16
150
200
267
346
438
625
860
1115 1587 1775 2000
18
150
197
262
340
428
585
819
1056 1530 1708 2000
20
150
194
258
334
423
548
778
1013 1476 1646 2000
22
150
194
258
334
423
522
739
963
1427 1588 2000
24
150
188
250
326
413
512
701
916
1380 1534 1797
26
150
188
250
326
413
512
676
881
1337 1483 1707
28
150
188
245
326
386
500
613
809
1297 1436 1622
30
150
188
245
326
386
500
591
778
1251 1392 1546
36
150
188
245
326
386
500
591
778
1251 1392 1546
N ot e : Not es: Medium insulat ion schedule is t ypical for average low am bient
t em perat ures from 20 degrees F t o 40 degrees F. I nsulat ion for hot service
would be applied t o designat ed surfaces of 51 degrees F or hot t er.
To use t he t able:
23-6
1
Locat e pipe diam et er in left colum n.
2
Read across line t o locat e t he operat ing t em perat ure ( degrees F) .
3
Read required insulat ion t hickness at t op of colum n. For int erm ediat e
t em perat ures, use next larger insulat ion t hickness.
4
For large diam et er pipe, equipm ent , or ot her large flat surfaces, use
t hicknesses in t he last line in t he t able.
2 3 I n su la t ion a n d Fir e pr oofin g ( G8 )
H ot I n su la t ion - H e a vy Sch e du le ( H ) : I - P
Un it s
I nsu la t ion Thick n e ss - I N CH ES
N om ina l
Pipe
D ia m e t e r
1 .5
2
2 .5
3
I n che s
3 .5
4
4 .5
5
5 .5
6
7
8
Te m pe r a t u r e s - D e gr e e s F
0.75
150
250
345
596
915
1317
1821 2000
1
150
215
302
516
808
1175
1650 2000
1.5
150
197
280
478
756
1113
1571 2000
2
150
179
260
440
705
1052
1493 2000
2.5
150
164
240
405
661
987
1420 1882 2000
3
150
220
370
617
922
1347 1764 2000
4
150
185
309
533
818
1212 1601 2000
6
150
248
459
717
1088 1450 1905 2000
8
150
195
382
629
969
1310 1738 2000
10
150
318
539
865
1176 1576 2000
12
150
258
460
766
1062 1432 1844 2000
14
150
199
388
675
949
1305 1692 2000
16
150
321
572
845
1174 1550 2000
18
150
259
512
750
1059 1416 2000
20
150
202
446
661
952
1292 2000
22
150
368
579
853
1176 1794 2000
24
150
302
503
760
1068 1594 2000
26
150
261
432
674
966
28
150
1413 2000
194
367
594
872
1243 1796
30
150
306
502
784
1092 1585
36
150
306
502
784
1092 1585
N ot e : Heavy insulat ion schedule is t ypical for average low am bient
t em perat ures less t han 20 degrees F. I nsulat ion for hot service would be
applied t o designat ed surfaces of 51 degr ees F or hot t er.
To use t he t able:
1
Locat e pipe diam et er in left colum n.
2
Read across line t o locat e t he operat ing t em perat ure ( degrees F) .
3
Read required insulat ion t hickness at t op of colum n. For int erm ediat e
t em perat ures, use next larger insulat ion t hickness.
4
For large diam et er pipe, equipm ent , or ot her large flat surfaces, use
t hicknesses in t he last line in t he t able.
2 3 I n sula t ion a n d Fir e pr oofin g ( G8 )
23-7
Cold I n su la t ion - 1 t o 5 .5 I N CH Th ick n e sse s
N om ina l I n sula t ion Th ick ne ss - I N CH ES
Pipe
D ia m e t e r 1
1 .5
2
2 .5
3
3 .5
I n che s
4
4 .5
5
5 .5
Te m pe r a t ur e s - D e gr e e s F
0.75
50
25
- 10
- 25
- 70
- 135
- 225 - 225 - 300
- 459
1
50
25
- 10
- 25
- 70
- 130
- 180 - 225 - 300
- 459
1.5
50
30
15
- 15
- 45
- 100
- 120 - 185 - 230
- 290
2
50
30
15
- 15
- 45
- 90
- 120 - 185 - 225
- 290
2.5
50
30
15
- 10
- 35
- 60
- 105 - 135 - 175
- 235
3
50
30
15
- 10
- 35
- 60
- 105 - 135 - 175
- 235
4
50
30
20
0
- 30
- 55
- 85
- 135 - 160
- 235
6
50
45
25
0
- 25
- 45
- 70
- 105 - 125
- 160
8
50
45
25
0
- 15
- 35
- 60
- 85
- 115
- 145
10
50
45
30
10
- 10
- 25
- 50
- 70
- 105
- 125
12
50
45
30
15
-5
- 25
- 45
- 65
- 105
- 125
14
50
45
30
15
0
- 25
- 40
- 55
- 80
- 105
16
50
45
30
20
0
- 25
- 35
- 55
- 75
- 105
18
50
45
30
20
0
- 25
- 35
- 50
- 70
- 105
20
50
30
20
0
- 25
- 35
- 45
- 65
- 95
22
50
30
20
0
- 25
- 35
- 45
- 65
- 95
24
50
30
20
0
- 25
- 35
- 45
- 65
- 95
26
50
30
20
5
- 10
- 25
- 40
- 60
- 75
28
50
30
20
5
- 10
- 25
- 40
- 60
- 75
30
50
30
20
5
- 10
- 25
- 40
- 60
- 75
36
50
30
20
10
-5
- 25
- 40
- 55
- 75
N ot e : The hot insulat ion schedule adj ust m ent ( L,M, or H) does not apply t o
cold insulat ion. I nsulat ion for cold service would be applied t o designat ed
surfaces of 50 degrees F or colder.
For cold insulat ion, j oint s are caulked and a vapor barrier is applied.
To use t he t able:
23-8
1
Locat e pipe diam et er in left colum n.
2
Read across line t o locat e t he operat ing t em perat ure ( degrees F) .
3
Read required insulat ion t hickness at t op of colum n. For int erm ediat e
t em perat ures, use next larger insulat ion t hickness.
4
For large diam et er pipe, equipm ent , or ot her large flat surfaces, use
t hicknesses in t he last line in t he t able.
2 3 I n su la t ion a n d Fir e pr oofin g ( G8 )
Cold I n su la t ion - 6 t o 1 0 I N CH Th ick n e sse s
N om ina l
Pipe
D ia m e t e r
I nsu la t ion Thick n e ss - I N CH ES
6
6 .5
I n che s
7
7 .5
8
8 .5
9
9 .5
10
Te m pe r a t u r e s - D e gr e e s F
0.75
1
1.5
- 345 - 459
2
- 340 - 459
2.5
- 290 - 340 - 459
3
- 290 - 340 - 459
4
- 265 - 300 - 459
6
- 205 - 240 - 290 - 325
8
- 175 - 215 - 225 - 295
- 325
- 459
10
- 150 - 185 - 225 - 235
- 300
- 459
12
- 140 - 170 - 205 - 230
- 285
- 325
- 459
14
- 130 - 160 - 190 - 225
- 265
- 305
- 352
- 459
16
- 125 - 150 - 180 - 210
- 250
- 285
- 310
- 459
18
- 115 - 145 - 175 - 200
- 235
- 275
- 295
- 325 - 459
20
- 110 - 135 - 165 - 190
- 225
- 260
- 290
- 315 - 459
22
- 105 - 130 - 155 - 180
- 205
- 240
- 270
- 300 - 459
24
- 105 - 130 - 155 - 180
- 205
- 240
- 270
- 300 - 459
26
- 105 - 120 - 140 - 170
- 190
- 225
- 250
- 285 - 305
28
- 105 - 120 - 140 - 170
- 190
- 225
- 250
- 285 - 305
30
- 105 - 120 - 140 - 170
- 190
- 225
- 250
- 285 - 305
36
- 105 - 115 - 135 - 160
- 175
- 215
- 240
- 280 - 300
- 459
N ot e : The hot insulat ion schedule adj ust m ent ( L,M, or H) does not apply t o
cold insulat ion. I nsulat ion for cold service would be applied t o designat ed
surfaces of 50 degrees F or colder.
For cold insulat ion, j oint s are caulked and a vapor barrier is applied.
To use t he t able:
1
Locat e pipe diam et er in left colum n.
2
Read across line t o locat e t he operat ing t em perat ure ( degrees F) .
3
Read required insulat ion t hickness at t op of colum n. For int erm ediat e
t em perat ures, use next larger insulat ion t hickness.
4
For large diam et er pipe, equipm ent , or ot her large flat surfaces, use
t hicknesses in t he last line in t he t able.
2 3 I n sula t ion a n d Fir e pr oofin g ( G8 )
23-9
H ot I n su la t ion - Ligh t Sch e du le ( L) : M e t r ic
Un it s
N om ina l
Pipe
D ia m e t e r
I nsu la t ion Thick n e ss - M M
25
38
50
63
MM
75
88
100
113 125
138
150
Te m pe r a t ur e s - D e gr e e s C
20
131
237
421
632
967
1093
25
65
234
415
627
863
1087
1093
40
65
210
305
565
765
982
1093
50
65
151
292
465
638
893
1002
1093
65
65
122
260
453
620
878
970
1093
80
65
113
227
359
509
666
847
1030
1093
100
65
102
198
314
453
616
763
947
1093
150
65
73
152
256
376
510
669
826
987
1093
200
65
72
146
246
367
490
611
751
926
1093
250
65
72
143
229
331
439
542
686
846
1050 1093
300
65
72
135
212
307
413
515
668
811
1007 1093
350
65
124
200
291
397
511
636
770
968
1093
400
65
121
195
283
385
497
619
751
931
1093
450
65
117
189
276
374
488
607
740
896
1093
500
65
114
185
269
368
478
598
738
864
1093
550
65
114
185
269
368
478
598
730
834
980
600
65
107
176
260
357
467
587
720
806
930
650
65
107
176
260
357
467
587
720
780
883
700
65
107
171
260
327
454
555
676
755
841
750
65
107
171
260
327
454
555
676
755
841
900
65
107
171
260
327
454
555
676
755
841
N ot e : Light insulat ion schedule is t ypical for average low am bient
t em perat ures from above 4 degrees C. I nsulat ion for hot service would be
applied t o designat ed surfaces of 11 degr ees C or hot t er.
To use t he t able:
23-10
1
Locat e pipe diam et er in left colum n.
2
Read across line t o locat e t he operat ing t em perat ure ( degrees C) .
3
Read required insulat ion t hickness at t op of colum n. For int erm ediat e
t em perat ures, use next larger insulat ion t hickness.
4
For large diam et er pipe, equipm ent , or ot her large flat surfaces, use
t hicknesses in t he last line in t he t able.
2 3 I n su la t ion a n d Fir e pr oofin g ( G8 )
H ot I n su la t ion - M e diu m Sch e du le ( M ) :
M e t r ic Un it s
N om ina l
Pipe
D ia m e t e r
I n sula t ion Th ick ne ss - M M
25
38
50
63
MM
75
88
100 113
125
138
150 163
Te m pe r a t ur e s - D e gr e e s C
20
98
151
271
403
640
791
903
1043 1093
25
65
150
258
388
566
759
864
996
1093
40
65
110
198
351
506
692
847
974
1093
50
65
108
187
296
432
633
784
952
1093
65
65
94
166
284
413
613
778
932
1060 1093
80
65
89
146
232
348
496
671
880
1027 1093
100
65
83
132
200
303
447
600
801
982
1093
150
65
69
108
161
248
373
525
706
887
1067 1093
200
65
68
106
156
228
342
471
636
818
1020 1093
250
65
68
104
147
198
299
412
575
741
975
1093
300
65
68
100
138
186
269
376
538
691
935
1050 1093
350
65
95
132
178
245
354
496
640
900
1007 1093
400
65
93
130
174
225
329
460
601
863
968
1093
450
65
91
127
171
220
307
437
568
832
931
1093
500
65
90
125
167
217
286
414
545
802
896
1093
550
65
90
125
167
217
272
392
517
775
864
1093
600
65
86
121
163
211
266
371
491
748
834
980
650
65
86
121
163
211
266
357
471
725
806
930
700
65
86
118
163
196
260
322
431
702
780
883
750
65
86
118
163
196
260
310
414
677
755
841
900
65
86
118
163
196
260
310
414
677
755
841
N ot e : Medium insulat ion schedule is t ypical for average low am bient
t em perat ures from - 6 degrees C t o 4 degrees C. I nsulat ion for hot service
would be applied t o designat ed surfaces of 11 degrees C or hot t er.
To use t he t able:
1
Locat e pipe diam et er in left colum n.
2
Read across line t o locat e t he operat ing t em perat ure ( degrees C) .
3
Read required insulat ion t hickness at t op of colum n. For int erm ediat e
t em perat ures, use next larger insulat ion t hickness.
4
For large diam et er pipe, equipm ent , or ot her large flat surfaces, use
t hicknesses in t he last line in t he t able.
2 3 I n sula t ion a n d Fir e pr oofin g ( G8 )
23-11
H ot I n su la t ion - H e a vy Sch e du le ( H ) : M e t r ic
Un it s
N om ina l
Pipe
D ia m e t e r
I n su la t ion Th ick ne ss - M M
38
50
63
75
MM
88
100
113 125
138
150
175
200
Te m pe r a t ur e s - D e gr e e s C
20
65
121
173
313
490
713
993
1093
25
65
101
150
268
431
635
898
1093
40
65
91
137
247
402
600
855
1093
50
65
81
126
226
373
566
811
1093
65
65
73
115
207
349
530
771
1027 1093
80
65
104
187
325
494
730
962
1093
100
65
85
153
278
436
655
871
1093
150
65
120
237
380
586
787
1040 1093
200
65
90
194
331
520
710
947
250
65
158
281
462
635
857
1093
300
65
125
237
407
572
777
350
65
1093
1006 1093
92
197
357
509
707
922
1093
400
65
160
300
451
634
843
1093
450
65
126
266
398
570
768
1093
500
65
94
230
349
511
700
1093
550
65
186
303
456
635
978
1093
600
65
150
261
404
575
867
1093
650
65
27
222
356
518
767
1093
700
65
90
186
312
466
672
980
750
65
152
261
417
588
862
900
65
152
261
417
588
862
N ot e : Heavy insulat ion schedule is t ypical for average low am bient
t em perat ures less t han - 6 degrees C. I nsulat ion for hot service would be
applied t o designat ed surfaces of 11 degr ees C or hot t er.
To use t he t able:
23-12
1
Locat e pipe diam et er in left colum n.
2
Read across line t o locat e t he operat ing t em perat ure ( degrees C) .
3
Read required insulat ion t hickness at t op of colum n. For int erm ediat e
t em perat ures, use next larger insulat ion t hickness.
4
For large diam et er pipe, equipm ent , or ot her large flat surfaces, use
t hicknesses in t he last line in t he t able
2 3 I n su la t ion a n d Fir e pr oofin g ( G8 )
Cold I n su la t ion - 2 5 t o 1 6 5 M M Th ick n e sse s
N om ina l
Pipe
D ia m e t e r
I n su la t ion Th ick ne ss - M M
25
38
50
63
MM
75
88
100
113 125
138
150
163
Te m pe r a t ur e s - D e gr e e s C
20
10
-3
- 23
- 31
- 56
- 92
- 142 - 159 - 184
- 273
25
10
-3
- 23
- 31
- 56
- 90
- 117 - 159 - 184
- 273
40
10
-1
-9
- 26
- 42
- 73
- 84
- 120 - 145
- 178
- 209
- 273
50
10
-1
-9
- 26
- 42
- 67
- 84
- 120 - 142
- 178
- 206
- 273
65
10
-1
-9
- 23
- 37
- 51
- 76
- 92
- 114
- 148
- 178
- 206
80
10
-1
-9
- 23
- 37
- 51
- 76
- 92
- 114
- 148
- 178
- 206
100
10
-1
-6
- 17
- 34
- 48
- 64
- 92
- 106
- 131
- 164
- 184
150
10
7
-3
- 17
- 31
- 42
- 56
- 76
- 87
- 106
- 131
- 151
200
10
7
-3
- 17
- 26
- 37
- 51
- 64
- 81
- 98
- 114
- 137
250
10
7
-1
- 12
- 23
- 31
- 45
- 56
- 76
- 87
- 101
- 120
300
10
7
-1
-9
- 20
- 31
- 42
- 53
- 76
- 87
- 95
- 112
350
10
7
-1
-9
- 17
- 31
- 39
- 48
- 62
- 76
- 89
- 106
400
10
7
-1
-6
- 17
- 31
- 37
- 48
- 59
- 76
- 87
- 101
450
10
7
-1
-6
- 17
- 31
- 37
- 45
- 56
- 76
- 81
- 98
500
10
-1
-6
- 17
- 31
- 37
- 42
- 53
- 70
- 78
- 92
550
10
-1
-6
- 17
- 31
- 37
- 42
- 53
- 70
- 76
- 89
600
10
-1
-6
- 17
- 31
- 37
- 42
- 53
- 70
- 76
- 89
650
10
-1
-6
- 14
- 23
- 31
- 39
- 51
- 59
- 76
- 84
700
10
-1
-6
- 14
- 23
- 31
- 39
- 51
- 59
- 76
- 84
750
10
-1
-6
- 14
- 23
- 31
- 39
- 51
- 59
- 76
- 84
900
10
-1
-6
- 12
- 20
- 31
- 39
- 48
- 59
- 76
- 81
N ot e : The hot insulat ion schedule adj ust m ent ( L, M, or H) does not apply t o
cold insulat ion. I nsulat ion for cold service would be applied t o designat ed
surfaces of 10 degrees C or colder.
For cold insulat ion, j oint s are caulked and a vapor barrier is applied.
To use t he t able:
1
Locat e pipe diam et er in left colum n.
2
Read across line t o locat e t he operat ing t em perat ure ( degrees C) .
3
Read required insulat ion t hickness at t op of colum n. For int erm ediat e
t em perat ures, use next larger insulat ion t hickness.
4
For large diam et er pipe, equipm ent , or ot her large flat surfaces, use
t hicknesses in t he last line in t he t able.
2 3 I n sula t ion a n d Fir e pr oofin g ( G8 )
23-13
Cold I n su la t ion - 1 7 8 t o 2 5 4 Th ick n e sse s
N om ina l
Pipe
D ia m e t e r 1 7 5
MM
I n sula t ion Th ick n e ss - M M
188
200
213
225
238
250
Te m pe r a t ur e s - D e gr e e s C
20
25
40
50
65
- 273
80
- 273
100
- 273
150
- 178 - 198 - 273
200
- 159 - 181 - 198 - 273
250
- 142 - 148 - 184 - 273
300
- 131 - 145 - 176 - 198 - 273
350
- 123 - 142 - 164 - 187 - 198
- 273
400
- 117 - 134 - 156 - 176 - 189
- 273
450
- 114 - 128 - 148 - 170 - 181
- 198
- 273
500
- 109 - 123 - 142 - 162 - 178
- 192
- 273
550
- 103 - 117 - 131 - 151 - 167
- 184
- 273
600
- 103 - 117 - 131 - 151 - 167
- 184
- 273
650
- 95
- 112 - 123 - 142 - 156
- 176
- 187
700
- 95
- 112 - 123 - 142 - 156
- 176
- 187
750
- 95
- 112 - 123 - 142 - 156
- 176
- 187
900
- 92
- 106 - 114 - 137 - 151
- 173
- 184
N ot e : The hot insulat ion schedule adj ust m ent ( L, M, or H) does not apply t o
cold insulat ion. I nsulat ion for cold service would be applied t o designat ed
surfaces of 10 degrees C or colder.
For cold insulat ion, j oint s are caulked and a vapor barrier is applied.
To use t he t a ble :
23-14
1
Locat e pipe diam et er in left colum n.
2
Read across line t o locat e t he operat ing t em perat ure ( degrees C) .
3
Read required insulat ion t hickness at t op of colum n. For int erm ediat e
t em perat ures, use next larger insulat ion t hickness.
4
For large diam et er pipe, equipm ent , or ot her large flat surfaces, use
t hicknesses in t he last line in t he t able.
2 3 I n su la t ion a n d Fir e pr oofin g ( G8 )
Cu st om izin g I n su la t ion
Spe cifica t ion s
I n order t o assign an appropriat e insulat ion t hickness t o a piece of equipm ent
or sect ion of pipe ( if t hickness is not specified by t he user) , t he syst em refers
t o t ables t hat relat e t hickness t o t em perat ure and pipe diam et er. Ext ernal
versions of t hese t ables are available for cust om izat ion in an ASCI I form at file.
This file also includes a t able t hat let s you define how m uch insulat ion is
allocat ed for valves and fillings.
Te m pla t e I n su la t ion Spe cifica t ion File s
There are t hr ee t em plat e files ( I P unit s, Met ric unit s, and blank) available in
one of t he following locat ions:
Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or or Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or:
C: \ Docum ent s and Set t ings\ All Users\ Docum ent s\ AspenTech\ Shared
Econom ic Evaluat ion V8.0\ I nsulat ion
The files are nam ed I NSSPC_I P.DAT, I NSSPC_METRI C.DAT, and
I NSSPC_BLANK.DAT. The files cont ain ident ical t ables, but t he default
t em perat ure and equivalent lengt h param et ers ( alt erable fields) are eit her in
I P unit s, Met ric unit s, or are absent . These files are inact ive; t he syst em refers
t o int ernal represent at ions of t he insulat ion t ables during a proj ect est im at e if
t here are no cust om ized copies of t he insulat ion specs file in t he Adm inist rat or
or proj ect direct ories.
You can copy whichever file is t he m ost convenient as a st art ing point for your
cust om ized insulat ion specs file( s) . I n Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or and Aspen
I n- Plant Cost Est im at or ( while no proj ect s are open) , view t he Libr a r ie s view
t ab on t he Palet t e. I n t he Cu st om e r Ex t e r n a l File s folder, open t he
I n su la t ion Th ick n e ss a n d Ru le s subfolder. Right- click on t he t em plat e of
your choice and click D u plica t e . Renam e t he file. I t will be t he st art ing point
for your cust om insulat ion specs file. I n ot her product s, you m ust m anually
copy and renam e t he file.
Cu st om izin g t h e I n su la t ion Spe cs File
You can edit t he newly creat ed file by using any ASCI I t ext edit or. The edit or
m ust not int roduce non- print ing charact ers ot her t han a space or CR/ LF, t hat
is, no t abs are allowed. The file form at is shown on t he following page.
2 3 I n sula t ion a n d Fir e pr oofin g ( G8 )
23-15
Overall Unit s
Sect ion
Diam et er Unit s
Sect ion
The pict ure above shows t he t op of t he file and t he first insulat ion t hickness
t able. Lines which cont ain com m ent s st art wit h a “ # ”. Lines w hich are read in
by t he syst em during a proj ect run begin wit h a “ l”. YOu m ust be sure t o avoid
shift ing any of t he vert ical pipe sysboles “ l” while alt ering t he fields.
The following are t he only fields t hat m ay be alt ered:
•
23-16
Unit of Measurem ent opt ion fields at t he t op of t he file
2 3 I n su la t ion a n d Fir e pr oofin g ( G8 )
•
Tem perat ur e values wit hin Tables 1 t hr u 4
•
Maxim um diam et er and A, B, C param et er values in Table 5
Un it of M e a su r e m e n t Ba sis Opt ion s
The first choice you m ust m ake when cust om izing an insulat ion specs t able is
t he overall unit of m easurem ent basis. The available opt ions are “ I P” or
“ METRI C”. I f you choice I P unit s by ent ering “ I P” int o t he space pr ovided, t he
t em perat ure values in Tables 1 t hru 4 will be read by t he syst em as degr ees
Fahrenheit . Wit h and I P basis t he param et ers in Table 5 will be used t o
calculat e equivalent insulat ion in feet of pipe. Conversely, if you ent er
“ METRI C” in t he unit s field provided, t he t em perat ures will be read as degrees
Cent igrade, and t he values in Table 5 will be used t o calculat e equivalent
m et ers of pipe insulat ion.
You m ust also select a unit of m easurem ent basis for pipe diam et er. The
available opt ions are “ I NCH” or “ MM”. This choice does not affect Tables 1
t hrough 4. I t det erm ines whet her t he m axim um pipe diam et ers in Table 5 are
in I nches or Millim et ers. The opt ion also det erm ines t he equivalent lengt h
equat ions ( form ed from t he A, B, C param et ers you provide) are calculat ed
using pipe diam et ers in I nches or Millim et ers.
Cu st om izin g t h e I n su la t ion Th ick n e ss Ta ble s
There ar e four t hickness t ables in t he file - t hree for hot insulat ion and one for
cold. Tables 1, 2, and 3 correspond t o t he Light , Medium , and Heavy schedules
fr om which you m ay choose in t he Proj ect Design Basis m enu. ( For exam ple, if
you select Heavy schedule insulat ion when defining your proj ect , t he syst em
will refer t o Table 3 when generat ing a cost est im at e) . Table 4 is for cold
insulat ion.
The t ables are arranged w it h pipe diam et er along t he left hand side and
insulat ion t hickness along t he t op. For a given pipe diam et er ( t able row) , each
t em perat ure value represent s t he m axim um t em perat ure for which t he
corresponding t hickness will be used. The last row of each t able ( 36 inch/ 900
MM. row) is used for bot h 36 inch diam et er pipe and equipm ent insulat ion.
N ot e : You m ay only adj ust t he t em perat ure cells in t he insulat ion t hickness
t ables, not t he pipe diam et ers or insulat ion t hickness.
You do not have t o fill Tables 1 t hrough 4 out com plet ely. I f you leave a
t em perat ure cell blank, but t here are values given som ewhere t o t he left and
right , or above and below, t he syst em will int erpolat e linearly bet ween t he
given values t o fill t he blanks. ( These values will be m aint ained int ernally; t he
syst em will not fill t he blank values in t he ext ernal dat a file) . I nt erpolat ion is
not possible for out er blanks t hat have no surrounding given values; t hese
spaces are filled by copying t he last given value over t o fill t he r em ainder of
t he t able.
To avoid confusion, it is recom m ended t hat you fill out all four insulat ion
t hickness t ables according t o your insulat ing pract ices even if you do not
int end on using all t hree schedules. I f a t able is left com plet ely blank t he
syst em will refer t o t he int ernal default t ables for an est im at e requiring t hat
schedule.
2 3 I n sula t ion a n d Fir e pr oofin g ( G8 )
23-17
Cu st om izin g t h e Va lve a nd Fit t in g I n su la t ion Ta ble
Table 5 ( t he valve and fit t ing insulat ion t able) is shown below.
The t able let s you det erm ine how m uch addit ional insulat ion is allot t ed for
valves and fit t ings. Any param et ers you provide for valves will apply t o all
valves in t he proj ect ( all valves are considered equal w hen calculat ed
insulat ion requirem ent s) . Likewise, t he fit t ings correlat ions will be applied t o
all fit t ings in t he proj ect ( all valves are considered equal w hen calculat ed
insulat ion requirem ent s) . Likewise, t he fit t ings correlat ions will be applied t o
all fit t ings in t he proj ect . You can account for insulat ion different ly for varying
pipe diam et ers by defining t hree size cat egories ( Sm all, Medium , and Large) .
Each range is defined by t he m axim um diam et ers you place in t he fields
provided. For exam ple, in t he above pict ure t he Medium correlat ions w ould be
used t o calculat e t he insulat ion requir ed for any valve or fit t ing on a sect ion of
pipe wit h diam et er larger t han 4 inches but sm aller t han ( and including) 12
inches.
Table 5 is designed so you can m ake your insulat ion correlat ion sim ple or
com plex. The param et ers A, B and C are used in t he follow ing equat ion t o
calculat e t he lengt h of pipe which would have t o be insulat ed t o account for
one valve or one fit t ing.
Equ iva le nt Pipe Le n gt h = A + B * ( Pipe D ia m e t e r ) c
Any of t he t hree param et ers m ay be set t o zero t o sim plify t he correlat ion. For
exam ple, according t o t he pict ure of Table 5 above, each fit t ing on a sect ion of
23-18
2 3 I n su la t ion a n d Fir e pr oofin g ( G8 )
2- inch diam et er pipe would increase t he t ot al insulat ion lengt h by 4 feet . ( B
and C are zero - correlat ion has no dependence on pipe diam et er) .
En a blin g t h e I n su la t ion Spe cfica t ion File
There are t wo opt ions for enabling cust om ized insulat ion specs files: You can
place a copy in t he syst em adm inist rat or direct ory ( as t he default for all
proj ect s) , or you can copy a cust om ized file int o t he direct ory of a specific
proj ect . When generat ing a cost est im at e, t he syst em will use t he
specificat ions in t he current proj ect direct ory if an insulat ion specs file resides
t here. Ot herw ise, t he copy in t he adm inist rat or direct ory will be used. ( The
adm inist rat or copy is t herefore t he syst em default - it will be referred t o for
any proj ect t hat does not have it s own insulat ion specs file) .
To act ivat e your cust om ized file for use in a specific pr oj ect in Aspen Capit al
Cost Est im at or or Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or, right- click t he I n su la t ion
Th ick n e ss opt ion in t he Ba sis for Ca pit a l Cost / Cu st om e r Ex t e r n a l File s
direct ory on t he Pr oj e ct Ba sis Ta b. Click t he desired file on t he m enu of
choices; t hen click OK. The file is copied int o t he direct ory for t he current ly
open proj ect .
I n all ot her cases, t he file m ust be copied and renam ed m anually t o t he
appropriat e folder. These direct ory locat ions are described below:
Adm in ist r a t or D ir e ct or y ( for u se a s syst e m de fa u lt ) :
Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or, Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or: C: / Aspen
Tech/ Aspen I carus xxx/ Dat a/ PI DS
Pr oj e ct D ir e ct or y ( a ct iva t ion for a spe cific pr oj e ct on ly) :
Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or, Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or: Right- click/
Click desired file as described above
I n order t o enable a cust om ized file in eit her of t he above locat ions, you
m ust nam e t he file I N SSPC.D AT.
2 3 I n sula t ion a n d Fir e pr oofin g ( G8 )
23-19
23-20
2 3 I n su la t ion a n d Fir e pr oofin g ( G8 )
2 4 Pa in t
( G6 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
I nt roduct ion t o Paint
Paint Plant Bulks
How I carus Syst em s Paint Equipm ent
2 4 Pa in t ( G6 )
24-1
I n t r odu ct ion t o Pa in t
I carus syst em s can calculat e default paint areas for piping, equipm ent and
st eelw ork. The default paint is provided for all piping, but is only provided on
equipm ent and st eelw ork if specifically request ed.
Paint is provided t ypically for carbon st eel m at erials only, but can be obt ained
for any m at erial if specifically request ed.
Paint areas and num ber of coat s can be m odified or added for any it em .
I carus syst em s do not provide different grades of paint ; however, cost s can be
adj ust ed appropriat ely by code of account m at erial indexing.
Pa in t Pla n t Bu lk s
24-2
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Paint for exist ing surface: print er, final coat s
PAI NT AREA
Paint for exist ing piping: prim er; final coat s
PAI NT PI PE
Paint for exist ing st ruct ural st eel: prim er, final coat s
PAI NT SSTL
2 4 Pa in t ( G6 )
H ow I ca r u s Syst e m s Pa in t
Equ ipm e n t
2 4 Pa in t ( G6 )
24-3
Le ge n d:
1. HE: HEATER ELC, HEATER STM, ONE SCREW, SUC HEATER, TWO SCREW
2. HO: HAND NT, 1 SP; EED, 5 SPEED
3. Also: AT: COND CELL. FLOAT CELL & SE: WATER CYCL.
Not affect ed by paint specificat ion for shop fabricat ed equipm ent
4. Met hod det erm ined by specificat ion for paint “Applicat ion Met hod” :
S ( spray) or B ( brush)
5. Met hod det erm ined by specificat ion for paint “Applicat ion Met hod” :
S ( sandblast ing) or B ( w ire brush)
6. Surface area is calculat ed by m ode; you m ust ent er t he num ber of pr im er
and/ or final coat s.
24-4
2 4 Pa in t ( G6 )
2 5 Sit e D e ve lopm e n t
( G6 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
I nt roduct ion t o Sit e Developm ent
Dem olit ion
Drainage
Eart hwork
General
Excavat ion
Fencing
Landscaping
Roads- Slabs- Paving
Piling
Railroads
2 5 Sit e D e ve lopm e n t ( G6 )
25-1
I n t r odu ct ion t o Sit e
D e ve lopm e n t
Sit e developm ent m ay be used t o specify it em s wit hin eight m aj or cat egories:
•
Eart hwork
•
Drainage
•
Fencing
•
Dem olit ion of exist ing st ruct ures
•
Landscaping
•
Roads/ slabs/ paving
•
Piling
•
Railways
I t is im port ant t o recognize t he t wo dist inct ly different applicat ions for which
t he sit e developm ent m ay be used t o int roduce sit e developm ent inform at ion
int o a proj ect . The desired applicat ion is det erm ined by appr opriat e select ion
of t he sit e developm ent it em t ype.
The first applicat ion is based on t he use of sit e developm ent work it em m odels,
which are cont ained wit hin t he syst em . You describe t he t ype and ext ent of
work t o be perform ed, it em - by- it em , consist ent wit h t he scope of each work
it em m odel. The syst em in t urn develops m at erial quant it ies and m anpower
resources and t heir associat ed cost s, and addit ionally, equipm ent rent al and
engineering requirem ent s.
The second applicat ion allows t he int roduct ion of quot ed est im at es for m at erial
and m anpow er cost s int o a pr oj ect as supplem ent al sit e developm ent cost
it em s. I t em m odels are not used. Ent ries of t his nat ure are charged t o codes of
account in t he am ount s of m at erial and m anpower you specify.
Sit e developm ent it em s, eit her developed by t he syst em t hrough work it em
m odels or as user- ent ered cost s, m ay be specified as eit her proj ect- relat ed
it em s or area- relat ed it em s.
Sit e D e ve lopm e n t W or k I t e m s
Wit hin t he eight cat egories of sit e developm ent , num erous individual work
it em m odels are available for select ion depending on t he desired t ype and
ext ent of work t o be perform ed.
Econom y of scale is very im port ant for m any sit e developm ent it em s ( e.g., you
can select from bulk excavat ion, st ruct ural excavat ion or hand st ruct ural
excavat ion) . I n addit ion, t he syst em addr esses a large ext ent of wor k, defined
by you in a single work it em request , different ly from t he way it addr esses
several work it em request s, each of sm all ext ent . That is, work it em m odels
re- select an appropriat ely configured crew, by developing m an- hour
requirem ent s and by providing t he crew m em bers wit h const ruct ion equipm ent
properly sized for t he work t o be perform ed.
Terrain, soil condit ions and ot her proj ect environm ent fact ors significant ly
affect t he quant it y and t ype of sit e work required. To reflect t his, sit e
25-2
2 5 Sit e D e ve lopm e n t ( G6 )
developm ent work it em s are present ed t o accom m odat e part icular, welldefined t asks. For exam ple, inst ead of a single sit e preparat ion it em , you are
offered individual it em s, such as clearing and grubbing, excavat ion, grading
and landscaping. This provides t he abilit y t o “ fine t une” t he proj ect t o act ual
condit ions.
Excavat ion it em s are assum ed t o be requirem ent s in excess of t he norm al
excavat ion required for equipm ent and building foundat ions and st ruct ural
foot ings, since excavat ion for t hese it em s ( when defined as part of a unit area)
are ordinarily syst em - det erm ined.
D e m olit ion
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Dem olish building w/ disposal, no salvage
D EM OLI TI ON
Dem olit ion of individual st ruct ure wit hout salvage but including
disposal. Specify fram e t ype ( st eel, concret e, m asonry, wood) .
Disposal includes loading and hauling wast e from sit e. Dum p charge
not included.
Dem olish building w/ disposal and salvage
D I SPOSAL
Dem olit ion of individual st ruct ures wit h separat ion of reusable
m at erials for specified fram e t ype. Loading and hauling wast e m at erial
is included. Dum p charge not included.
Explosive bldg. dem ol, no salvage/ disposal
Dem olit ion of st ruct ures by explosives. Does not
include salvage or disposal.
EXPL D EM OL
Gut t ing & disposal of building int erior
Gut t ing building int eriors and loading and hauling t he
refuse for eit her com m ercial or resident ial st ruct ures.
Dum p charge not included.
REM OVAL
Lum p sum quot at ion - dem olit ion
Ent er Tot al Cost or Mat ’l and MH.
See code of account s ( Civil only) .
D EM OL
2 5 Sit e D e ve lopm e n t ( G6 )
25-3
D r a in a ge
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Cat ch basin, m anhole
BASI N S
Cat ch basins or m anholes of eit her brick, block, poured concret e, or
precast concret e. I ncludes foot ing and excavat ion wit h an opt ion of
slab t ops or light weight fram es and covers. All t ypes have 4 FEET
[ 1.25 M] int ernal diam et er.
Pum p and hose for open excavat ions
D EW ATERI N G
Pum ping wat er from open excavat ions. Unat t ended pum ps except for
daily servicing. Suct ion line t o 20 FEET [ 6 M] and discharge line t o
100 FEET [ 30 M]
in lengt h.
Drainage piping
D RAI N S
I nst allat ion of select ed diam et er pipe of asbest os cem ent , corrugat ed
st eel, concret e, or vit rified clay wit h an adj ust m ent for t he
percent age of curved or radius pipe. I ncludes t renching, gravel bed
and com pact ed backfill.
Sept ic t ank and drain field
SEPTI C TN K
No. of dist rib'n = no. per t ank;
Lengt h of drain line = lengt h per t ank.
Sept ic t ank inst allat ion. Precast concret e t anks of specified capacit y
wit h t he opt ion of 5 out let concret e dist ribut ion boxes. The drainfield,
including pipe, t renching, gravel and backfill, is input as t ot al lengt h
of drain required.
Foundat ion subdrain wit h perforat ed pipe
SUBD RAI N
I nst allat ion of foundat ion subdrainage of select ed diam et er pipe of
asbest os cem ent , corrugat ed st eel, porous wall concret e, or vit rified
clay wit h an adj ust m ent for quant it y of curved or radius pipe. All
t ypes except concret e are perforat ed.
I ncludes t renching, gravel bed and com pact ed backfill.
Sum p pit
SUM P PI T
Const ruct ion of sum p pit s including excavat ion and gravel bot t om .
Opt ion of wood
lining t o a dept h of 4 FEET [ 1.25 M] .
Cased wat er supply well wit h pum p
W ATER W ELL
Dom est ic wat er wells drilled and cased. I ncludes down- hole pum p,
surface grout ing, and ut ilit y runs, if specified. Does not include
plum bing fixt ures and connect ions.
25-4
2 5 Sit e D e ve lopm e n t ( G6 )
D r a in a ge - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Wellpoint s wit h header and pum p
W ELLPOI N TS
Single st age wellpoint syst em for det erring t o an average 15 FEET [ 5
M] dept h.
I ncludes inst allat ion, operat ion, equipm ent rent al and syst em
rem oval. Two I NCH [ 50 MM] wellpoint s on 5 FEET [ 1.5 M] cent ers.
D ia m e t e r of he a de r is pr opor t iona l t o le ngt h:
6 I NCHES [ 150 MM] for 100 FEET [ 30 M]
8 I NCHES [ 200 MM] for 200- 500 FEET [ 60- 150 M]
10 I NCHES [ 250 MM] for 1000 FEET [ 300 M] .
9 Dewat ering wells wit h pum p
W ELLS
Dewat ering wells; 2 I NCH [ 50 MM] diam et er bore wit h
st eel casing.
I ncludes 2 I NCH [ 50 MM] cent rifugal pum p per well for
a specified period.
10 Lum p sum quot at ion - drainage
D RAI N AGE
Ent er Tot al Cost or Mat ’l and MH.
See code of account s ( Civil only) .
2 5 Sit e D e ve lopm e n t ( G6 )
25-5
Ea r t h w or k
Ge n e r a l
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Test borings wit h engineer ’s report
BORI N GS
I ncludes field st ake- out and elevat ions, 2.5 I NCH [ 65 MM] auger holes
wit h sam ples of eart h, drawings and professional engineer ’s ( P.E.)
report .
Clear brush - m anual or dozer
BRUSH
Brush clearing by hand wit h saw and rake ( HAND) or by dozer wit h ball
and chain ( MACH) .
Clearing and grubbing
Mechanized clearing and grubbing.
CLEAR GRUB
Opt ionI ncludes rem oval of t rees t o
LI GHT
6 I NCH [ 150 MM] diam et er
MEDI UM
10 I NCH [ 250 MM] diam et er
HEAVY
16 I NCH [ 400 MM] diam et er
I ncludes on- sit e cut t ing, chipping and st um p rem oval.
25-6
Dike const ruct ion including st abilizing
Const ruct ion of dikes on level grade. I ncludes placing of fill, soil
poisoning wit h polybor chlorat e on grade, slopes, and t op; 2 I NCHES
[ 50 MM] of sand asphalt on t op and slopes.
D I KE
Gunit e slope prot ect ion
Slope prot ect ion using 3 I NCH [ 75 MM] t hickness of gunit e ( air- blown
m ort ar) t o finished slopes. I ncludes bond beam on t op, key foot ing at
t oe and all reinforcing.
GUN I TE
Pond wit h bedding, lining, fencing- no pipe
Specify piping wit h bulk yard pipe it em .
Evaporat ion or holding pond. I ncludes excavat ion, gravel and sand
bedding, fencing and opt ional lining. Piping not included.
PON D
Cant ilevered concret e ret aining wall
No em bankm ent cut and fill included,
See excavat ion it em s.
Reinforced concret e cant ilevered ret aining wall. I ncludes excavat ion
and backfill for wall foot ings only.
RETAI N
Sprayed asphalt soil st abilizat ion
Erosion prot ect ion and soil st abilizat ion by spraying wit h asphalt .
STABI LI ZE
Lum p sum quot at ion - eart hwork
Ent er Tot al Cost or Mat ’l and MH.
See code of account s ( Civil only) .
EARTH W ORK
2 5 Sit e D e ve lopm e n t ( G6 )
Ex ca va t ion
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Backfill and com pact excavat ion
BACKFI LL
Backfilling of t renches or foot ings. Fill m at erial is assum ed t o be
st ockpiled locally, wit h no hauling. For num erous sm all it em s, m anhours can be adj ust ed by specifying t he num ber of it em s in addit ion t o
t he unit cubic yards. Filling equipm ent m ay be wheeled loader/
backhoe ( WH- LD) , crawler loader or dozer. Com pact ion, if required,
m ay be hand ram m er, m anual or self- propelled vibrat ing drum roller.
Drill and blast rock - no disposal
Drill and shoot rock in t renches, pit s, or open areas; includes crawler
t rackdrill, com pressor, and blast ing m at erials but no disposal of shot
rock. Rock t ypes include gypsum , slat e, lim est one, sandst one and
granit e.
BLASTI N G
Fill com pact ion wit h t owed roller
COM PACT
Com pact ion of fill in layers by t owed sheepsfoot roller. Opt ions
available for wat ering during com pact ion and for rough spreading of fill
by dozer, scraper or grader. For fine grading and surface com pact ion,
see PAVI NG, BASE PREP.
Cut & fill wit h spreading no com pact ion
D oz e r :
m axim um haul 500 FEET [ 150 M]
Scr a pe r :
m inim um haul 100 FEET [ 31M]
Bulk sit e excavat ion using dozers or scrapers on a cut and fill cycle,
including spreading and rough grading but no com pact ion. Scraper
select ion varies wit h volum e, m at erial and haul dist ance. Soil t ype
ROCK refers t o already ripped or shot rock.
CUT FI LL
Hand excavat ion, no backfill/ shoring, et c.
H AN D EXCV
Excavat ion by hand of t renches or pit s, in sand, eart h, or clay. Manhours will be adj ust ed for dept h of excavat ion and for volum e per it em
( pit s) . I f shoring is required, see SHORI NG. Dewat ering for wet
condit ions, allowance for wet condit ions, disposal and/ or backfill are
not included.
Truck haul- disposal or purchased fill
H AULI N G
Mat erial cost m ay be input for purchased fill or dum p charge.
Hauling by dum pt rucks ( lorries) wit h opt ion of loading from st ockpiles.
Does not include excavat ion, spreading, or backfill. Soil t ype will
det erm ine bulking fact or. For purchased fill or dum p charge, t he user
m ay specify t he cost ( in user- defined currency at User Base I ndex) per
loose CY [ M3] .
2 5 Sit e D e ve lopm e n t ( G6 )
25-7
Ex ca va t ion - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Manual j ackham m er work - no disposal
Breaking or t rim m ing of rock or concret e by hand- held j ackham m er,
including com pressor and operat ing crew. Concret e m ay be plain or
reinforced. Rock t ypes include gypsum , slat e, lim est one, sandst one
and granit e. Does not include disposal.
J H AM M ER
Rock excavat ion wit h t ract or and ripper for hauling, Bot h t he haul
dist ance and t he loading equipm ent t ype m ust be input Rock
excavat ion by D9 crawler t ract or wit h ripper at t achm ent . I n addit ion,
t he user m ay specify t ruck loading ( by crawler backhoe or wheeled
front- end leader) and hauling. Rock t ypes are gypsum , slat e,
lim est one, sandst one and granit e. Ripping cost s m ay be increased
( great er fragm ent at ion) t o facilit at e t ruck loading.
RI P ROCK
Shoring of excavat ions
M a x shor e d de pt h :
40 FEET [ 12M] - sheet , HPI LE;
20 FEET [ 6M] - close; 10 FEET [ 3M] - open bracing.
I nst allat ion, adj ust m ent , accessories, rem oval, cleaning, rent al or
owning cost and wast e are included. Dewat ering not included. Types
available:
SH ORI N G
•
St eel int erlocking sheet piling, 30 PSF [ 145 KG/ M2] ,
including bracing ( SHEET) .
•
St eel H piles driven on 8 FEET [ 2.4 M] cent er s, t im ber
planks and spacers horizont ally bet ween flanges, including
bracing ( HPI LE) .
•
Solid t im ber sheet ing support ed by t im ber waling and
braces ( CLOSE) .
•
Single vert ical planks spaced on 3 FEET [ 0.9 M] cent ers
wit h bracing ( OPEN) .
Excavat ion wit h st ockpile or disposal
SI TE EX CVN
The haul dist ance should be input if t he disposal opt ion is chosen.
Bulk sit e excavat ion using crawler loader, dragline, or crawler
backhoes. I f t he disposal and dist ance fields are not used, it will be
assum ed t hat t he excavat ed m at erial is t o be st ockpiled wit hin 100
FEET [ 30 M] of t he excavat ion. The disposal opt ions are:
• HAUL - generat es a t ruck- loading cycle, dum pt ruck, sizing, off- road
hauling t he user specified dist ance and dum ping.
• SPREAD - generat es ( in addit ion t o t ruck hauling) spreading in t he
fill area by
• D8 dozer and rough grading, wit h no com pact ion.
Soil t ype ROCK refers t o already ripped or shot rock.
25-8
2 5 Sit e D e ve lopm e n t ( G6 )
Ex ca va t ion - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
St rip and st ockpile soil - no hauling
Type
STRI P SOI L
St rip and st ockpile sit e t opsoil t o a specified average dept h. Equipm ent
opt ions include crawler loader, elevat ing scraper, or dozer. Truck
hauling or spreading not included. Man- hours are adj ust ed for area,
dept h and equipm ent used.
Machine excavat ion, no backfill/ shoring, et c.
STRUC EXC
Machine excavat ion ( wit h hand t rim m ing) of basem ent s, foot ings, et c.
Equipm ent opt ions include: 0.75 CY [ 0.6 M3] wheeled loader/ backhoe
( WH- LD) , crawler backhoe, or crawler crane wit h clam shell bucket
suit able for excavat ions deeper
t han 30 FEET [ 10 M] . I f shoring is required, see SHORI NG. Soil t ype
ROCK refers t o already ripped or shot rock. Dewat ering, disposal and/
or backfilling are not included.
Dit ching no backfill/ shoring, et c.
TREN CH EX C
Machine excavat ion ( wit h hand t rim m ing) using
wheeled loader/ backhoe ( WH- LD) , crawler backhoe, or
t renching m achine. I f shoring is required, see
SHORI NG.
Soil t ype ROCK refers t o already ripped or shot rock.
Dewat ering, disposal, and/ or backfill are not included.
2 5 Sit e D e ve lopm e n t ( G6 )
25-9
Fe n cin g
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Barbed wire t opping for fence
BARBED
No. of sides = wire on one or bot h sides of fence;
No. of st rands = no. each side
I nst allat ion of barbed wire on chain link, m esh, or securit y fence. Two
or t hree- st rand galvanized or alum inum wire on eit her 1 or 2 sides.
Boundary or Perim et er fencing in which t he user can specify bot h
fence and gat es has been added.
BOUN D ARY
Chain link fence wit h concret e foot ing
CH AI N LI N K
I nst allat ion of chain link fence, including excavat ion and concret e for
post s on 10 FEET [ 3 M] cent ers and braced and t russed line post s at
100 FEET [ 30 M] cent ers. Galvanized or alum inum wire or vinyl- coat ed
st eel.
Wood fencing
FEN CE
W OOD
Perm anent wood fencing of cedar picket , redwood basket- weave, or
oak rust ic rail wit h appropriat e gat es.
Lum p sum quot at ion - fencing
FEN CI N G
Ent er Tot al Cost or Mat ’l and MH.
See code of account s ( Civil only) .
Free st anding wall
Default one course t hickness - all t ypes;
Double m ay be input for brick and block.
Mat erials are: 4 I NCH [ 100 MM] com m on brick
8 I NCH[ 200 MM] concret e block
18 I NCH[ 450 MM] decorat ive random st one
8 I NCH[ 200 MM] concret e.
FS W ALL
I ndust rial gat e for fence
GATES
I ndust rial gat es of galvanized st eel, alum inum , or vinyl- coat ed st eel
wit h post s excavat ed and set in concret e. Barbed wire and m ot or
operat ion are opt ional.
Gat es are assum ed t o be double widt hs if 8 FEET [ 2.5 M] or m ore.
M ESH
Wire m esh fencing
Galvanized st eel m esh fencing and gat es wit h post s on 5 FEET [ 1.5 M]
cent ers.
No bracing or concret e.
Heavy dut y securit y fencing
SECURI TY
Heavy dut y securit y fence, securit y grade, set in concret e and t russed
and braced.
25-10
2 5 Sit e D e ve lopm e n t ( G6 )
La n dsca pin g
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Mesh or net t ing erosion cont rol
EROSI ON
Erosion cont rol by placing and securing eit her j ut e m esh, plast ic
net t ing, polypropylene m esh, or t obacco net t ing.
Placing peat or wood chip m ulch
M ULCH
Placing a 2 I NCH [ 50 MM] deep layer of eit her wood chips or peat m oss
as m ulch.
Plant ing t rees or shrubs
PLAN TI N G
Plant ing eit her 8- 10 FEET [ 2.5- 3 M] t rees or 4- 5 FEET [ 1.2- 1.5 M]
shrubs. Sit ing, placing, fert ilizing, and wat ering plant ings are included.
Fine grade, seed, lim e, fert ilize
SEED I N G
Fine grading, seeding, lim ing, fert ilizat ion, and final wat ering.
Furnish, place sod on prepared area
SOD D I N G
Furnish, place, and wat er sod ( 1 I NCH [ 25 MM) deep) on pregraded
area.
Polybor chlorat e soil st erilizat ion
STERI LI ZE
St erilizat ion of cleared areas using polybor chlorat e.
Furnish, place and fine grade t opsoil
TOPSOI L
Furnish, place and fine- grade t opsoil.
Lum p sum quot at ion - landscaping
LAN D SCAPE
Ent er Tot al Cost or Mat ’l and MH.
See code of account s ( Civil only) .
2 5 Sit e D e ve lopm e n t ( G6 )
25-11
Roa ds - Sla bs - Pa vin g
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Paving - asphalt base and wearing courses
ASPH ALT
eit her base or wearing course dept h m ust be input ; Mat erial opt ion sand t opping.
Assum es paver for roadways or spreader for parking and ot her sm all
areas ( PARK) . A base course and/ or a fine aggregat e wearing course
t hickness m ust be select ed. A 0.75 I NCH
[ 20 MM] sand finish m ay be added. I ncludes hauling t o sit e, grading,
and com pact ion.
Grade and com pact base for paving
BASE PREP
Grade and com pact areas t o correct elevat ion t o plus or m inus 0.1
FEET [ 0.03 M] .
Concret e paving - no base preparat ion
CON C PAVN G
Paving wit h 4500 PSI [ 31,000 KN/ M2] concret e. Preparat ion of
com pact ed subgrade and/ or paving not included. I ncludes finishing
and curing, wit h opt ional st eel
reinforcing m at s. Placing by slipform m achine m ay be specified for
concret e roadways.
Slipform ed or m anual cross gut t er
CROSS GUTT
Six I NCH [ 150 MM] t hick concret e cross- gut t ering of select ed widt h
and lengt h.
Opt ional form ing, pouring, finishing, and expansion j oint s, or
slipform ing by m achine for widt hs up t o 10 FEET [ 3 M] , if specified.
Slipform ed or m anual placed curb
CURB
Concret e curb ( kerb) only, 14 I NCHES [ 350 MM] deep by 9 I NCHES
[ 225 MM] wide overall. Opt ional eit her form ing, pouring and finishing
by hand wit h expansion j oint s on 30 FEET [ 9 M] cent ers or
slipform ing by m achine, if specified.
25-12
2 5 Sit e D e ve lopm e n t ( G6 )
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Slipform ed or m anual curb and gut t er
CURB GUTT
Monolit hic concret e curbing ( kerbing) and gut t er. Opt ional form ing,
pouring, and
expansion j oint s on 30 FEET [ 9 M] cent ers or slipform by m achine, if
specified.
Concret e canal or gut t er
CAN ALGUTTR
Concret e canal or gut t er wit h concret e cover. I nside lengt h, I nside
widt h and I nside
dept h m ust be input . I f not specified, syst em calculat es Cover
( default : 8 I N [ 200 MM] prefab concret e slab) ; Hand Excavat ion;
Machine Excavat ion; Blinding slab; Concret e;
Form work; Rebar; Anchors and em bedm ent s. Excavat ion Mat erial
( Default : EARTH) ; End Wall Requirem ent ( Default : * B* , O, N) ;
Sealcoat or Liner area ( Default : 0) ; and
Liner Type ( Default : GM, C1, C2, * NO* ) can be also specified.
The m at erial and m anhour per volum e of concret e will be calculat ed
based on t he fact ors used for BASI N ( Type 10) . I f civil ext ernal file is
used, t he fact ors from t he ext ernal file will be used.
2 5 Sit e D e ve lopm e n t ( G6 )
25-13
Roa ds - Sla bs - Pa vin g - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Coal t ar pit ch em ulsion ( 2 coat s)
SEALCOAT
Applicat ion of sealcoat ing. I ncludes cleaning and preparing t he exist ing
surface and applying t wo coat s of coal t ar pit ch em ulsion.
Sidewalk base and paving
SI D EW ALKS
I nst allat ion of concret e or asphalt sidewalks or pavem ent s wit h an
opt ion of a bank run gravel base.
Gravel base course - no base prep
SUBPAV I N G
Soil cem ent t reat m ent opt ion available for subgrade.
Subpaving base course. Opt ions include crushed st one, bank run
gravel, and m acadam penet rat ion. Soil cem ent t reat m ent m ay also be
select ed. Subgrade preparat ion is not included.
Resurfacing wit h sealant and gravel
TAR CH I P
Tar and chip. Placing sealant and binder on an exist ing surface and
covering wit h screened gravel. I ncludes surface cleaning and rolling
following t reat m ent .
Parking Area
PARKI N G
Paving, Sub Paving and Excavat ion. Opt ional Shoulder, Sidewalk,
Median, Concret e Curb, Guard Rail, Lining and com pact ion. Paving
m at erial can be Asphalt , Concret e,
Concret e Block, Prefabricat ed concret e t ile, or St one pavers.
Lum p sum quot at ion - paving/ roads
PAVI N G
Ent er Tot al Cost or Mat ’l and MH. See code of account s ( Civil only) .
Main, secondary and m inor Roads
ROAD
Paving, Sub Paving, Shoulder and Excavat ion. Opt ional Sidewalk,
Median, Concret e Curb, Guard Rail, Lining and com pact ion. Default is
Main Road wit h Asphalt paving, Gravel Base course, and One side
Shoulder. The widt h and dept h are based on t he road t ype.
Pa ving opt ion s - Asphalt , Concret e, Concret e Block, Prefabricat ed
concret e t ile, or St one pavers. Sh oulde r opt ions - Asphalt , Gravel or
Crushed st one. Side w a lk opt ions - Asphalt , Concret e, Tiles, or St one
pavers.
Sit e Preparat ion for paving has been added. This includes Grubbing
and cleaning, Hand and Machine Excavat ion, Fill of Subgrade and
Com pact ion.
25-14
SI TEPREP
2 5 Sit e D e ve lopm e n t ( G6 )
Pilin g
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Drilled bell- t ype caisson
CAI SSON
Open- st yle m achine- drilled bell- caissons, including m obilizat ion,
concret e, reinforcem ent , drilling equipm ent rent al, and load t est ing, in
t he following ground condit ions:
Opt ionDescript ion
EARTH Dry, st able soils
CLAY Wet , unst able soils
ROCK Soft , weat hered rock.
Driven pipe piles
PI PE
Driving set pipe piles of select ed diam et er wit h an opt ion of concret e
filling.
Equipm ent rent al includes rent al of drilling equipm ent .
Drilled and cast- in- place concret e piles
POURED
Cast- in- place concret e piles wit h 4000 PSI [ 27.5 N/ MM2] concret e.
I ncludes equipm ent set up and breakdown and load t est ing.
Pile Type s:
POUR - Poured 12" [ 300MM] t o 20" [ 500MM] , capacit y: 72 Tons [ 65
Tonne] Cast- in- place const ant diam et er concret e piles.
FRNK - Frank 16" [ 400MM] t o 24" [ 600MM] , capacit y: 220 Tons[ 200
Tonne] Bored large size piles, enlarged base, reinforced wit h st eel
cages.
AUGR - Auger- Cast 12" [ 300MM] t o 24" [ 600MM] , capacit y 250
Tons[ 225 Tonne] Auger drilled and t hen grout ed under pressure as
t he auger is wit hdrawn. Rebar inst alled when grout is fluid.
Driven precast concret e piles
PRECAST
Driving precast concret e piles, eit her solid square shaped or,
opt ionally, hollow cylindrical shaped. I ncludes equipm ent rigging and
derigging, splicing, if required, and cut off.
Capacit y: 90 Tons
Driven Raym ond st ep- t aper piles
RAYM ON D
Driving Raym ond st ep- t aper piles. Piles furnished and
inst alled on a subcont ract basis by Raym ond
I nt ernat ional, I nc. Test ing not included.
2 5 Sit e D e ve lopm e n t ( G6 )
25-15
Pilin g - cont inued
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Driven st eel H- PI LES
STEEL H
Ex a m ple :
heavy dut y pile - 57 LB/ FT [ 85 KG/ M]
inst ead of 42 [ 62] for 10 I NCH [ 250 MM] pile
Driving st eel H- sect ion piles of select ed cross- sect ion including
equipm ent rigging and derigging, point s, splicing, if required, and
cut off. Heavy dut y opt ion available ( e.g., for 10 x 10 I NCHES [ 250 MM
x 250 MM] , heavy dut y, 57 LB/ FT
[ 85 KG/ M] is used inst ead of st andard 42 LB/ FT [ 62 KG/ M] for st eel) .
Driven wood piles
W OOD
Driving wood piling eit her frict ion or point bearing. I ncludes rigging
and derigging equipm ent , boot s, point s, and splices, if required.
Creosot e t reat ed or concret e and m esh encased piles m ay be select ed.
Cut off included. Load t est ing is not included.
Lum p sum quot at ion - piling
Ent er Tot al Cost or Mat ’l MH.
See code of account s ( Civil only) .
25-16
PI LI N G
2 5 Sit e D e ve lopm e n t ( G6 )
Ra ilr oa ds
D e scr ipt ion
Type
Bum per at siding end
BUM PER
I nst allat ion of bum pers on a siding end. Heavy dut y bum pers available
as an opt ion.
Single line siding crossing
CROSSI N G
Single line siding crossing including special t rack m at , t im ber, and
crossing signal inst alled on level grade.
Single t rack yard siding
I nst allat ion of a single t rack yard siding on level ground, including
rails, hardware, t im ber t ies and ballast . New or relay rail and rail
weight opt ion available.
SI D I N G
Heavy dut y siding for m ining applicat ion
SI D I N G H VY
Heavy dut y single t rack for m ining applicat ions. Six I NCH [ 150 MM]
st eel WF t ies set in 10 I NCH [ 250 MM] concret e bed, 9 FEET [ 2.7 M]
wide. I ncludes fast eners, plat es, rebar and 100 LB/ YD [ 50 KG/ M] new
rail.
Crossing signal wit h barrier, et c.
SI GN AL
Track crossing signal wit h road barrier and flashing light .
Wheel st ops on siding
STOPS
I nst allat ion of wheel st ops on a yard siding.
# 8 t urnout , swit ch- hit t ing, et c.
TURN OUT
I nst allat ion of # 8 t urnout s, including rails, plat es, bars, frogs, swit chpoint s, t im bers and ballast .
Lum p sum quot at ion - railroads
RAI LROAD S
Ent er Tot al Cost or Mat ’l MH.
See code of account s ( Civil only) .
2 5 Sit e D e ve lopm e n t ( G6 )
25-17
25-18
2 5 Sit e D e ve lopm e n t ( G6 )
2 6 Bu ildin gs
( G6 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
I nt roduct ion t o Buildings
Adding a Building
Building Types and Default s
Default Floor Height s/ Levels
Building Const r uct ion Range Adj ust m ent
Calculat ing Building Cost s and Labor
Figure 1
Figure 2
2 6 Bu ildin gs ( G6 )
26-1
I n t r odu ct ion t o Bu ildin gs
Building dat a is used t o incorporat e a num ber of independent buildings and/ or
t heir associat ed services int o t he proj ect . Enclosed buildings are dist inguished
fr om st eel st ruct ures ( areas, plant bulks) in t hat t hey are not designed t o
support equipm ent loads. An enclosed building m ay house equipm ent , but t his
does not affect t he result ing building design or cost .
The cost of a building is based upon it s size, t ype, st ruct ural st yle and t he
request ed services. The default cost s and elect rical load for each building t ype
are indicat ed in t he “ Building Types and Default s” t able on t he following page.
You m ay revise t he level of each service ( none, L, M, H or V) and/ or t he cost of
t hat service. All cost s are assum ed t o be direct field cost s assigned t o t he
prim e cont ract or, except in t he case of cont ract j obs, in which t hey are
assigned t o t he cont ract or specified.
Addin g a Bu ildin g
A building can be added under Plant Bulks, Civil, or under Buildings. Default s
are ident ical and m at erial cost s, m an- hours and labor cost s are calculat ed t he
sam e way.
I f you are using Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or, t he underlying dat a for t hese
cost s can be defined in an ext ernal file under Adm inist rat or cont r ol. See Aspen
Capit al Cost Est im at or User’s Guide, Chapt er 10, “Adm inist rat ive Operat ions,”
for det ails.
Buildings are not designed it em s, but are developed as cost s per surface area
( Unit Cost ) it em s.
You can specify your building using one of t hree general approaches:
1
Select any Tot al cost adj ust . value t hat uses som e default value, t hen
accept t he result ing unit cost s.
2
Select t he ‘—’ in Tot al cost adj ust ., t hen ent er your unit cost s for each of
t he five general cat egories.
3
St art wit h m et hod ( 1) , above, t hen override select ed cat egories ( e.g., Tot al
super- st ruct ure cost ) or elem ent s of a cat egory ( e.g., Fram e, et c.) wit h
your unit cost .
I f you specify t he unit cost for any elem ent in a cat egory, t his suppresses all
ot her elem ent s in t hat sam e cat egory, but does not affect ot her cat egories. For
exam ple, if you specify t he unit cost for t he Floor elem ent in t he Tot al superst ruct ure cat egory, all ot her elem ent s in t hat cat egory are set t o zero cost - - if
you want t o generat e a cost for t he St air elem ent , t hen you m ust specify a unit
cost for t hat elem ent .
I f you specify a value for bot h a cat egory and one or m ore elem ent s in t hat
cat egory, t he cost s are not addit ive- only t he unit cost specified for t he
cat egory is used and t he elem ent s are ignored.
Cost s are split bet ween m at erial and labor according t o percent ages in t he
int ernal ( syst em default s) or in t he ext ernal ( Adm in ist r a t or specified) file.
The split for t he int ernal t able varies from a high of 62% t o a low of 38% for
26-2
2 6 Bu ildin gs ( G6 )
m at erial. Building over head and profit ar e separat ely specifiable for each
building t ype.
The fields Explosion Pressure, Foundat ion Type, and Roof Type have no effect
on t he design and cost of t he building; t hey are included for inform at ional
purposes only.
Fie ld D e scr ipt ion s:
Gr oss floor a r e a : Default : calculat ed from lengt h, widt h, height , num ber of
levels, and building t ype.
Bu ildin g t ype : see Building Types earlier in t his chapt er.
Bu ildin g h e igh t : Default : det erm ined from num ber of levels and
building t ype.
N u m be r of le ve ls: Default : calculat ed from lengt h, widt h, height , area, and
building t ype.
Ex plosion ga u ge pr e ssu r e : For cont rol buildings only, design pressure for
explosion resist ance. Default : * 0.0* PSI G; MAX: 30.0 PSI G.
Ele ct r ica l loa d: W/ SF
Tot a l cost a dj u st m e n t sym bol: I nvokes eit her t he built- in syst em values for
a Medium it em ( blank or M) , a down- adj ust m ent ( L) , an up- adj ust m ent ( H or
V) , or suppresses t he default cost s ( —) .
( blank) Syst em Default s
—No Syst em Default s, user dat a only
L - Low adj ust m ent for syst em default s ( range varies from 45- 98% of M)
M - Medium adj ust m ent for syst em default s ( t he default value= 100% )
H - High adj ust m ent for syst em default s ( range varies from 106- 216% of M)
V - Very high adj ust m ent for syst em default s ( range varies from 159- 324%
of M)
Fou n da t ion t ype :
* NORMAL* - Spread foot ings.
PI ERS- 10 FEET [ 3M] deep piers t o foot ings.
PI LES- Floors on piles
Roof t ype:
* FLAT* - Flat roof.
TRUSS- Truss roof.
SAW- Saw t oot h roof.
La bor a dj u st m e n t r e qu ir e d: When calculat ing t he labor hours and cost s t o
report , t he syst em can t ake a variet y of param et ers int o account : wage rat e in
ext ernal file or in proj ect ; t im e and currency difference bet ween ext ernal file
and proj ect ; user m an- hour indexing and product ivit y adj ust m ent s. Specify in
t his field which of t hese t o t ake int o account . I f you are using an ext ernal file,
it is best t o select YES.
* YES* - Adj ust labor cost by syst em rat e, product ivit y; use ext ernal file
wage rat es.
2 6 Bu ildin gs ( G6 )
26-3
NO- No adj ust m ent of labor cost .
Tot a l su bst r u ct u r e cost : foundat ion cost per unit area.
Tot a l su pe r st r u ct u r e cost : ent er eit her t ot al super- st ruct ure or individual
st ruct ure com ponent cost for t he following:
°
Ext erior door and window
°
Ext erior wall
°
Floor
°
Fram e
°
I nt door and w indow
°
Roof
St air int ernal t able varies from a high of 62% t o a low of 38% for m at erial.
Building overhead and profit are separat ely specifiable for each building t ype.
Tot a l in t e r ior fin ish cost : ent er eit her t ot al int er nal finish cost or individual
finish com ponent cost .
Tot a l fit t in g a n d fu r n it u r e cost : ent er eit her t ot al fit t ings, furnit ure cost .
Tot a l se r v ice s cost : ent er eit her t ot al services cost or individual service
com ponent cost .
Ov e r h e a d a n d Pr ofit : ent er t ot al overhead and profit cost .
26-4
2 6 Bu ildin gs ( G6 )
CLOSED SAN TRY EX I ST SH ELL W AGE YEAR
ELECTRI CAL UNI T LOAD
4
5
4
2
0.5
4
0.5
5
1
1
1
1
SUBSTRUCTURE TOTAL
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
19.12
1998
21.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
31.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
24.88
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
26.88
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
18.69
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
31.56
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
19.69
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
32.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
21.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
30.59
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
21.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
21.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
19.12
19.12
19.12
19.12
19.12
19.12
19.12
19.12
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
19.12
19.12
19.12
19.12
1998
1998
1998
1998
15.21
12.17
15.21
12.17
18.25
12.17
48.67
12.17
17.69
12.17
12.17
18.64
1998
SUBSTRUCTURE TOTAL
- Fram e
- Floor
- Roof
- St airs
- Ext ernal Walls
- Ext ernal Doors & Windows
- Ext ernal Doors & Windows
I NTERNAL FI NI SH TOTAL
- Wall Finishes
- Floor Finishes
- Ceiling Finishes
FI TTI NG & FURNI SHI NG TOTAL 12.71
SERVI CE TOTAL
- Air Condit ioning
- Light ing and Elect rical
- Heat ing/ Vent ilat ion
- Plum bing & Fixt ures
- Fire Prot ect ion
- Lift I nst allat ion
- Securit y I nst allat ion
- Special I nst allat ion
- Builders Work
0.00
4.40
5.47
2.78
3.79
1.87
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.95
8.11
3.00
5.10
1.87
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.40
8.11
2.78
3.67
1.87
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.95
5.68
3.00
5.10
1.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.40
3.19
2.78
3.67
1.87
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.41
8.11
3.00
5.10
1.87
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.40
5.68
2.78
3.67
1.87
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.41
8.11
3.00
5.60
1.87
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.40
5.68
2.78
4.51
1.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.00
6.95
8.11
3.00
5.10
1.87
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.40
5.68
2.78
4.51
1.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.40
5.68
2.78
4.51
1.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
21.33
20.77
22.59
21.64
20.31
21.36
22.59
22.59
18.64
18.64
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
OVERHEAD AND PROFI T
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
1998
Bu ildin g Type s a n d D e fa u lt s
2 6 Bu ildin gs ( G6 )
SH OP OFFI CE COM PR CAFE W ARE CON TRL GARAGE LAB
26-5
D e fa u lt floor H e igh t s/ Le ve ls
Bu ildin g Type
Type Sym bol
H e igh t pe r Floor or Le ve l
Cafet eria
CAFE
12.0
3.5
Enclosed Building
CLOSED
20.0
6.0
Com pressor Building
COMPR
20.0
6.0
Cont rol Room
CONTRL
10.0
3.0
Exist ing Building
EXI ST
20.0
6.0
Garage
GARAGE
15.0
4.5
Laborat ory
LAB
10.0
3.0
FEET
M
Office Building
OFFI CE
10.0
3.0
Sanit ary Enclosed
SANTRY
20.0
6.0
Building Shell*
SHELL
20.0
6.0
Shop
SHOP
20.0
6.0
Warehouse
WARE
20.0
6.0
Bu ildin g Con st r u ct ion Ra n ge
Adj u st m e n t
26-6
Adj ust m e n t Con st r u ct ion Fr a m e
Sym bol
Type
Roof
L
Pre- Fabricat ed Light St eel
Light St eel Transit e
or m et al
sheet
M
Pre- fabricat ed Medium
Concret e
st eel fram e
and t russes
Concret e Concret e Average
walls or
good
brick
H
Cust om
designed
Face
brick on
concret e
block
Heavy
st eel,
heavy
sidings
Concret e
W a lls
Floor s
Finishe s
Concret e Minim um
Concret e Expensive
2 6 Bu ildin gs ( G6 )
Ca lcu la t in g Bu ildin g Cost s a n d
La bor
When calculat ing t he cost of a building, t he syst em uses eit her t he int ernal file
condit ions or t hose specified in t he ext ernal file. I f t he ext er nal file is used, t he
syst em first reads in t hat file, t hen:
•
Convert s all t he cost s in t he ext ernal file t o t he currency of t he proj ect base count ry
locat ion using t he Currency Conversion in t he ext ernal file.
•
Escalat es t hese t o t he sam e t im e point as t he cost base of t he syst em using t he
yearly cost indices by count ry locat ion, by m aj or account . A sum m ary of t hese is
report ed in t he “ Release Not es” for each version.
•
Convert s t hese int o t he report ing currency unit s for t he current proj ect using t he
Conversion Rat e specified in t he proj ect .
This allow s you t o use an ext ernal file built using any currency and at any dat e
known t o t he syst em ( see Chapt er 33, “ Base I ndices” ) in a proj ect wit h any
report ing currency. For analyt ical purposes, you m ay want t o Year in t he
ext ernal file t o be t he sam e as t he base year of your syst em t o allow you t o
t race your num bers t hrough a com plet e com put at ion.
I n or der t o calculat e t he var ious hour s and cost s, t he syst em m ust first adj ust
all it em s t o be at t he sam e basis: sam e currency and sam e t im e point . The
cost s for each elem ent and/ or cat egory are calculat ed accor ding t o t he
m et hodologies indicat ed in Figure 1 ( “ How Building Cost s are Calculat ed Using
t he Ext er nal File” - general procedures t hat focus on adj ust ing for currency and
t im e differences) ; Figure 2 ( “ How Building Mat erial Cost s ar e Calculat ed Using
t he Ext ernal File” ) ; and Figure 3 ( “ How Building Labor Hours & Cost s are
Calculat ed Using t he Ext ernal File” ) . The following generalizat ions are
im por t ant :
•
The crit ical it em t o underst and is t hat it is necessary for t he syst em t o m ove all
cost s t o t he sam e currency ( one of t he t hree known t o t he syst em : USD, PS or KY)
and t o t he sam e t im e point ( SBI is t he t im e at which all t he syst em - generat ed cost s
are valid) . Because of t his, you m ust t horoughly underst and t he escalat ion
concept s used by t he syst em ( SBI , UBI and EI ) and be very consist ent in your use
of dat es and parit y rat es valid at t hose dat es.
•
I t follows from t his t hat it is very im port ant for you t o ent er at least t he UBI for
your proj ect .
•
When used wit h syst em s where t hese escalat ion concept s do not apply, or if you do
not use t hem in Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or, it is im port ant t o appreciat e pot ent ial
t im e- based discrepancies bet ween user- ent ered num bers t hat are valid “ now” and
t hose com put ed by t he syst em t hat are valid at t he base year of t he syst em being
used.
•
I t is usually best t o let t he syst em pick t he unit cost s based on your input s and set
Labor adj ust = YES.
•
Since t he num bers in t he ext ernal file are always adj ust ed t o t he year of t he current
version, t he final num bers report ed are rarely, if ever, t he sam e as t hose ent ered in
t he ext ernal file.
2 6 Bu ildin gs ( G6 )
26-7
Figu r e 1
26-8
2 6 Bu ildin gs ( G6 )
Figu r e 2
26-9
2 6 Bu ildin gs ( G6 )
Figu r e 3
2 6 Bu ildin gs ( G6 )
26-10
2 6 Bu ildin gs ( G6 )
26-11
26-12
2 6 Bu ildin gs ( G6 )
2 7 Qu ot e d Equ ipm e n t a n d
Libr a r ie s
( G6 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
I nt roduct ion
Quot ed Equipm ent
User Libraries
2 7 Qu ot e d Equ ipm e n t a n d Libr a r ie s ( G6 )
27-1
I n t r odu ct ion
There are t wo m et hods for specifying specialt y it em s or it em s not included in
syst em :
•
Quot ed equipm ent
•
User libraries
Qu ot e d Equ ipm e n t
Quot ed equipm ent it em s can be used for unique, special, non- st andard and
propriet ary t ypes of process equipm ent . Since quot ed equipm ent it em s are
unknown t o t he syst em , an account code m ust be provided when ent ering
t he quot e.
I f you ent er a COA t hat is know n t o t he syst em as one cont aining “ rot at ing
equipm ent ” ( COAs 150- 179 and 220- 229) , t hen t he syst em calculat es an
allowance for spares and adds it t o COA 107. This does not happen if you are
using your own com plet e COA set in a proj ect .
Use r Libr a r ie s
User libraries are m eant t o hold your im port ant personalized cost dat a. There
are t wo kinds of libraries:
•
Un it Cost Libr a r y - Holds inform at ion relat ed t o m at erial and labor cost s
( per unit quant it y) for equipm ent , bulks or indirect s.
•
Equ ipm e n t M ode l Libr a r y ( EM L) - Holds inform at ion relat ed t o t he
process equipm ent . You can st ore cost vs. capacit y dat a for special kinds of
process equipm ent .
You can add Piping and I nst rum ent at ion draw ings t o t he EML in Aspen
Capit al Cost Est im at or. For inst ruct ions, see “ Tut orial: Assigning Default
P&I Ds t o User Ent ered Equipm ent ” on page 10- 20 of t he Aspen Capit al
Cost Est im at or User ’s Guide.
I f your library requirem ent s are ext ensive, you should consider building
several libraries, placing like it em s in t he sam e library. All it em s in a library
share t he sam e currency basis and are conver t ed as appropriat e when added
t o a proj ect .
27-2
2 7 Qu ot e d Equ ipm e n t a n d Libr a r ie s ( G6 )
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s
( G1 0 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
ASME Design Code - Plat e Mat erials
ASME Ferr ous Plat e Mat erials - Car bon St eel
ASME Ferr ous Plat e Mat erials - Heat Treat ed St eel
ASME Ferr ous Plat e Mat erials - Low Alloy St eel
ASME Ferr ous Plat e Mat erials - High Alloy St eel
ASME Non- Ferrous Plat e Mat erials
ASME Design Code - Clad Plat e Mat erials
ASME Design Code - Tube Mat erials
ASME Ferr ous Tube Mat er ials - Carbon St eel
ASME Ferr ous Tube Mat er ials - Low Alloy St eel
ASME Ferr ous Tube Mat er ials - High Alloy St eel
ASME Non- Ferrous Tube Mat erials
BS Design Code - Plat e Mat erials
BS Ferrous Plat e Mat erials - Carbon St eel
BS Ferrous Plat e Mat erials - Heat Treat ed St eel
BS Ferrous Plat e Mat erials - Low Alloy St eel
BS Ferrous Plat e Mat erials - High Alloy St eel
BS Non- Ferrous Plat e Mat erials
BS Design Code - Clad Plat e Mat erials
BS Design Code - Tube Mat erials
BS Ferrous Tube Mat erials - Carbon St eel
BS Ferrous Tube Mat erials - Heat Treat ed St eel
BS Ferrous Tube Mat erials - Low Alloy St eel
BS Ferrous Tube Mat erials - High Alloy St eel
BS Non- Ferrous Tube Mat erials
JI S Design Code - Plat e Mat erials
JI S Ferrous Plat e Mat erials - Carbon St eel
JI S Fer rous Plat e Mat erials - Heat Treat ed St eel
JI S Ferrous Plat e Mat erials - Low Alloy St eel
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-1
JI S Ferrous Plat e Mat erials - High Alloy St eel
JI S Non- Ferrous Plat e Mat erials
JI S Design Code - Clad Plat e Mat er ials
JI S Design Code - Tube Mat erials
JI S Ferrous Tube Mat erials - Carbon St eel
JI S Ferrous Tube Mat erials - Low Alloy St eel
JI S Ferrous Tube Mat erials - High Alloy St eel
JI S Non- Ferrous Tube Mat erials
DI N Design Code - Plat e Mat erials
DI N Ferrous Plat e Mat erials - Carbon St eel
DI N Ferrous Plat e Mat erials - Heat Tr eat ed St eel
DI N Ferrous Plat e Mat erials - Low Alloy St eel
DI N Ferrous Plat e Mat erials - High Alloy St eel
DI N Non- Ferrous Plat e Mat erials
DI N Design Code - Clad Plat e Mat erials
DI N Design Code - Tube Mat erials
DI N Ferrous Tube Mat erials - Car bon St eel
DI N Ferrous Tube Mat erials - Low Alloy St eel
DI N Ferrous Tube Mat erials - High Alloy St eel
DI N Non- Ferrous Tube Mat erials
EN 13445 Design Code - Plat e Mat erials
EN Fer rous Plat e Mat erials - Carbon St eels
EN Fer rous Plat e Mat erials - Low Alloy St eels
EN Fer rous Plat e Mat erials - High Alloy St eels
EN 13445 Design Code - Tube Mat erials
EN Ferrous Tube Mat erials - Carbon St eels
EN Ferrous Tube Mat erials - Low Alloy St eels
EN Ferrous Tube Mat erials - High Alloy St eels
GB 150 Design Code - Plat e Mat erials
GB 150 Plat e Mat erials - Carbon St eels
GB 150 Plat e Mat erials - Low Alloy St eels
GB 150 Plat e Mat erials - High Alloy St eels
GB 150 Design Code - Tube Mat erials
GB 150 Tube Mat erials - Carbon St eels
GB 150 Tube Mat erials - Low Alloy St eels
GB 150 Tube Mat erials - High Alloy St eels
Lining Mat erials
Brick: Acid- Resist ant Applied Over Mem brane- Lined Carbon St eel
28-2
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
Brick: Firebrick
Monolit hic Lining
Abrasion Resist ant Linings: Replaceable
Linings: Organic, Glass, Met allic
Cast ing Mat erials
Packing Mat erials
ASM E D e sign Code - Pla t e
M a t e r ia ls
ASM E Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - Ca r bon St e e l
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om ina l Com posit ion
Syst e m I n t e r n a l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r na l Pr e ssur e
M a t e r ia l M a x im u m Te m p. M a x im um Te m p.
F
C
F
C
A- 36
( St ruct ural St eel)
A 36
650
343
900
482
A- 283
( c)
Low and int erm ediat e
st rengt h carbon st eel
plat es of st ruct ural
qualit y
A 283C
650
343
900
482
A- 285
( C)
Low and int erm ediat e
st rengt h carbon st eel
plat es for pressure
vessels
A 285 or
A 285 C
or CS
900
482
900
482
A- 299
Carbon- m anganesesilicon st eel plat es for
plat es for pressure
vessels
A 299
1000
537
900
482
A- 455
( A)
Pressure vessel plat es,
carbon st eel, high
st rengt h m anganese
A 455
650
343
650
343
A- 515
( 70)
Carbon st eel plat es for
A 515
pressure vessels for
int erm ediat e and higher
t em perat ure service:
C- Si
1000
537
900
482
A- 516
( 70)
Carbon st eel plat es for
pressure vessels for
m oderat e and lower
t em perat ure service C- Si
A 516
1000
537
900
482
A- 537
Carbon st eel plat es for
A 537
pressure vessels for low
t em perat ure service
C- Mn- Si
1292
700
300
148
ASTM
Spe c
( Gr a de )
na = Mat erial not select able for vacuum design
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-3
ASM E Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - H e a t Tr e a t e d
St e e l
ASTM
Spe c
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om ina l Com posit ion
Syst e m I n t e r n a l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r na l Pr e ssur e
M a t e r ia l M a x im u m Te m p. M a x im um Te m p.
( Gr a de )
F
C
F
C
Nine percent nickel alloy A353
st eel plat es, double
norm alized and
t em pered for pressure
vessels:
9Ni
250
121
900
484
Eight and nine percent
A553
nickel alloy st eel plat es,
( Type 1) quenched and
t em pered, for pressure
vessels:
9Ni
250
121
900
484
650
650
650
650
343
343
343
343
650
650
650
650
343
343
343
343
A- 353
A- 553
A- 517
High st rengt h alloy st eel
plat es, quenched and
t em pered, for pressure
vessels:
( A)
( B)
( E)
( F)
Cr- Mn- Si
Cr- Mn- Si
Cr- Mn- Si
Cr- Mn- Si
A517A
A517B
A517E
A517F
na = Mat erial not select able for vacuum design
28-4
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
ASM E Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - Low Alloy
St e e l
ASTM
Spe c
( Gr a de )
A- 202
( A)
( B)
A- 203
( A)
( B)
( D)
( E)
A- 204
( A)
( B)
( C)
A- 302
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om in a l
Com posit ion
Chrom ium m anganese- silicon
alloy st eel plat es for
pressure vessels
Nickel alloy st eel
plat es for pressure
vessels:
2.5Ni
2.5Ni
3.5Ni
3.5Ni
Molybdenum alloy
st eel plat es for
pressure vessels:
C- .5Mo
C- .5Mo
C- .5Mo
( A)
( B)
Manganesem olybdenum and
m anganesem olybdenum - nickel
alloy st eel plat es for
pressure vessels:
Mn- .5Mo
Mn- .5Mo
( C)
( D)
Mn- .5Mo- Ni
Mn- .5Mo- Ni
Syst e m I n t e r n a l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r n a l Pr e ssur e
M a t e r ia l M a x im u m Te m p. M a x im um Te m p.
F
C
F
C
A202A
A 202
or
A202B
1000
1000
537
537
900
900
482
482
A203A
A203B
A203D
A203E
1000
1000
1000
1000
537
537
537
537
900
900
900
900
482
482
482
482
A204A
A204B
A 204
or A204C
1000
1000
1000
537
537
537
900
900
900
482
482
482
A302A
A 302
or
A302B
A302C
A302D
1000
1000
537
537
900
900
482
482
1000
1000
537
537
900
900
482
482
- cont inued on next page -
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-5
ASM E Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - Low Alloy St e e l - cont inued
ASTM
Spe c
( Gr a de )
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om in a l
Com posit ion
Syst e m I nt e r na l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r na l Pr e ssur e
M a t e r ia l M a x im um Te m p. M a x im u m Te m p.
F
C
F
C
A- 387
Pressure vessel plat es,
alloy st eel, chrom ium m olybdenum :
( 2 CL 1)
( 2 CL 2)
( 12 CL 1)
( 12 CL 2)
( 11 CL 1)
( 11 CL 2)
( 22 CL 1)
( 22 CL 2)
( 21 CL 1)
( 21 CL 2)
.5Cr- .5Mo
.5Cr- .5Mo
1Cr- .5Mo
1Cr- .5Mo
1.25Cr- .5Mo- Si
1.25Cr- .5Mo- Si
2.25Cr- 1Mo
2.25Cr- 1Mo
3Cr- 1Mo
3Cr- 1Mo
5Cr- .5Mo
5Cr- .5Mo
A387A
A387G
A387B
A387H
A387C
A387J
A387D
A387K
A387E
A387L
A387F
A387M
1000
1000
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
537
537
648
648
648
648
648
648
648
648
648
648
900
900
900
900
900
900
900
900
900
900
900
900
482
482
482
482
482
482
482
482
482
482
482
482
A- 533
Manganesem olybdenum and
m anganesem olybdenum - nickel
alloy st eel plat es,
quenched and
t em pered, for
pressure vessels:
C- Mn- Mo
C- Mn- Mo- Ni
C- Mn- Mo- Ni
A533A
A533B
A533C
1000
800
800
537
426
426
650
650
650
343
343
343
( A CL 1)
( B CL 1)
( C CL 1)
na = Mat erial not select able for vacuum design
28-6
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
ASM E Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - H igh Alloy
St e e l
ASTM
Spe c
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om ina l Com posit ion
Syst e m I n t e r n a l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r na l Pr e ssur e
M a t e r ia l M a x im u m Te m p. M a x im um Te m p.
( Gr a de )
F
C
F
C
304L
1200
648
1200
648f
SS304
( or SS)
1500
815
1200
648
16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo
316L
850
454
800
426
16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo
SS316
1500
815
1200
648
A- 240
Chrom ium and
chrom ium - nickel
st ainless st eel plat e,
sheet , and st rip for
fusion- welded unfired
pressure vessels:
( 304L)
18Cr - 8Ni
( 304)
18Cr - 8Ni
( 316L)
( 316)
( 316Ti)
16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo-Ti
316TI
1500
815
1200
648
( 317)
18Cr - 10Ni - 3Mo
SS317
1500
815
1200
648
( 321)
18Cr - 10Ni - Ti
SS321
1500
815
1200
648
( 347)
18Cr - 10Ni - Cb
SS347
1500
815
1200
648
( 348)
18Cr - 10Ni - Cb
SS348
1500
815
1200
648
( 648)
20 Cr - 18 Ni - 6 Mo
SS6MO
1382
750
1200
648
( 2205)
Duplex
22Cr - 5Ni - 3Mo
S2205
600
315
650
343
( 410)
13Cr
SS410
1200
648
900
482
( 430)
17Cr
SS430
1200
648
1200
648
na = Mat erial not select able for vacuum design
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-7
ASM E N on - Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls
ASTM
Spe c
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om ina l Com posit ion
Syst e m I n t e r n a l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r na l Pr e ssur e
M a t e r ia l M a x im u m Te m p. M a x im um Te m p.
F
C
F
C
A1100
A3003
A5052
A5083
A5086
A6061
400
400
400
150
150
204
204
204
204
66
66
204
400
400
400
150
150
400
204
204
204
66
66
204
CA464
400
204
350
177
CU or
CA110
400
204
150
66
CA655
350
176
350
176
CA122
400
204
150
66
CA715
700
371
700
371
( Gr a de )
B- 209
Alum inum - alloy sheet
and plat e:
( 1100)
( 3003)
( 5052)
( 5083)
( 5086)
( 6061)
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
B- 171
Copper and copper
alloys - Naval brass
( 464)
B- 11
Copper plat es for
locom ot ive fireboxes
( 110)
Cu
B- 96
Copper- silicon alloy
plat e and sheet for
pressure vessels:
( 655)
Cu - Zn
B- 152
Copper sheet , st rip,
plat e, and rolled bar:
( 122)
Cu
B- 171
Copper- nickel alloy plat e
and sheet for pressure
vessels:
( 715)
Cu - Ni 70/ 30
na = m at erial not select able for vacuum design
28-8
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
ASM E N on - Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - cont inued
ASTM
Spe c
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om ina l Com posit ion
Syst e m I n t e r n a l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r na l Pr e ssur e
M a t e r ia l M a x im u m Te m p. M a x im um Te m p.
F
C
F
C
HAST or
HASTB
800
426
800
426
HASTC
1000
537
1000
537
I 800
1500
815
800
426
I 825
1000
537
700
371
C 20
800
426
800
426
I NCNL
or
I 600
1200
648
800
426
NI or
NI 200
NI 201
600
600
1200
315
315
648
600
600
1000
315
315
537
MONEL
or
M400
900
482
800
426
TI 35A
Tl
or
TI 50A
600
600
315
315
600
600
315
315
600
315
600
315
( Gr a de )
B- 333
( B)
Hast elloy:
Ni - Mo
B- 575
( C- 276)
Hast elloy:
Ni - Mo - Cr
B- 409
Specificat ion for nickeliron- chrom ium alloy
plat e, sheet , and st rip:
( 800)
Ni - Fe - Cr
B- 424
Nickel- iron- chrom ium m olybdenum - copper
alloy plat e, sheet , and
st rip:
( 825)
Ni - Fe - Cr - Mo - Cu
B- 463
Carpent er 20 alloy plat e,
sheet and st rip:
( 20Cb)
Cr- Ni- Fe- Mo- Cu- Cb
B- 168
Nickel- chrom ium - iron
alloy plat e, sheet , and
st rip,
( 600)
I nconel:
Ni - Cr - Fe
B- 162
Nickel plat e, sheet , and
st rip:
( 200)
Ni
( 201)
Ni- Low C
B- 127
Nickel- copper alloy
plat e, sheet , and st rip:
Ni - Cu
( 400)
B- 265
Tit anium and t it anium
alloy st rip, sheet , and
plat e:
( 1)
( 2)
Ti
Ti
na = m at erial not select able for vacuum design
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-9
ASM E D e sign Code - Cla d Pla t e
M a t e r ia ls
M a t e r ia l Cla ssifica t ion
D e scr ipt ion*
Gr a de
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
Ve sse l Ba se ( Ba ck ing
M a t e r ia l) * *
ASTM A- 285
ASTM A- 285
A- 204
A- 515
A- 516
A- 387
A- 387
A- 387
A- 387
A- 387
A- 387
C
B
C
70
70
12
12
11
11
22
22
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
1
2
1
2
1
2
A285C
A204B
A204C
A 515
A 516
A387B
A387H
A387C
A387J
A387D
A387K
Cla ddin g M a t e r ia l ( Pr oce ss
Side )
St ainless st eel t ype
*
304
304L
316
316L
321
347
410
430
SS304
304L
SS316
316L
SS321
SS347
SS410
SS430
Nickel alloy
200
201
NI 200
NI 201
Monel
400
MONEL
I nconel
600
I NCNL
Ni- Fe- Cr
800
I 800
Ni- Fe- Cr- Mo- Cu
825
I 825
Carpent er 20
20Cb
C 20
Tit anium
2
Ti
Hast elloy B
B
HASTB
Hast elloy C
C- 276
HASTC
See Plat e Mat erials ( ASME Code) for furt her m at erial descript ions.
* * Only t hese base m at erials m ay be used w it h t he above list of cladding
m at erials.
No ot her com binat ion m ay be select ed.
28-10
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
ASM E D e sign Code - Tu be
M a t e r ia ls
ASM E Fe r r ou s Tu be M a t e r ia ls - Ca r bon St e e l
ASTM
Spe c
D e scr ipt ion a nd
Syst e m
I nternal
N om ina l Com posit ion M a t e r ia lSym b Pr e ssur e
ol
M a x im u m
( Gr a de )
Te m p.
F
A- 179
C
Ex t e r n a l
Pr e ssur e
M a x im u
m Te m p.
F
Syst e m
D e fa ult
Tube she e t
M a t e r ia l
C ( Pla t e )
Seam less cold- drawn
low- carbon st eel heat
exchanger and
condenser t ubes.
CS ( seam less)
A 179
A- 192
Seam less carbon st eel
boiler t ubes for highpressure service
A 192
1000 537
900 482 A 515
A- 210
Seam less m edium
carbon st eel boiler and
superheat er t ubes
( A- 1)
A210A
1000 537
900 482 A515
( C)
A210C
1000 537
900 482 A515
CS ( welded)
A 214
1000 537
900 482 A515
1000 537
900 482 A515
A- 214
A- 334
( 1)
( 6)
Elect ric- resist ancewelded carbon st eel
heat exchanger and
condenser t ubes
Seam less carbon st eel
t ubes for low
t em perat ure service
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
A334A
A334B
900
900
700
700
482
482
371
371
900 482 A285C
900 482 A285C
700 371 A 442
700 371 A 442
28-11
ASM E Fe r r ou s Tu be M a t e r ia ls - Low Alloy
St e e l
ASTM
Spe c
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om ina l
( Gr a de ) Com posit ion
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssu r e
M a x im u m
Te m p.
Syst e m
D e fa ult
Tube she e t
M a t e r ia l
( Pla t e )
F
C
F
C
A199C
A199D
A199E
A199F
1200
1200
1200
1200
648
648
648
648
900
900
900
900
482
482
482
482
A387C
A387D
A387E
A387F
A- 199
Seam less cold- drawn
int erm ediat e alloy
st eel heat exchanger
and condenser t ubes:
( T11)
( T22)
( T21)
( T5)
1.25Cr - .5Mo - Si
2.5Cr - 1Mo
3Cr - .9Mo
5Cr - .5Mo
A- 209
Seam less carbonm olybdenum alloy
st eel boiler and
superheat er t ubes:
( T1)
( T1A)
( T1B)
C - .5Mo
C - .5Mo
C - .5Mo
A 209
A209A
A209B
1000
1000
1000
537
537
537
900
900
900
482
482
482
A 204
A 204
A 204
A- 213
Seam less ferrit ic and
aust enit ic alloy st eel
boiler, superheat er,
and heat exchanger
t ubes:
.5Cr - .5Mo
1Cr
- .5Mo
1.25Cr - .5Mo - Si
2.25Cr - 1Mo
3Cr
- .9Mo
5Cr
- .5Mo
A213A
A213B
A213C
A213D
A213E
A213F
1000
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
537
648
648
648
648
648
900
900
900
900
900
900
482
482
482
482
482
482
A387A
A387B
A387C
A387D
A387E
A387F
( T2)
( T12)
( T11)
( T22)
( T21)
( T5)
28-12
Syst e m I n t e r n a l
M a t e r ia l Pr e ssur e
Sym bol M a x im u m
Te m p.
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
ASM E Fe r r ou s Tu be M a t e r ia ls - H igh Alloy
St e e l
ASTM
Spe c
( Gr a de )
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om ina l
Com posit ion
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
I nternal
Pr e ssu r e
M a x im u m
Te m p.
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssu r e
M a x im u m
Te m p.
Syst e m
D e fa ult
Tube she e t
M a t e r ia l
( Pla t e )
F
C
F
C
1500
815
1000
537
SS304
1200
1500
648
815
1200
1000
648
537
304L
SS316
TP304
Seam less Ferrit ic
and aust enit ic alloy
st eel boiler,
superheat er, and
heat exchanger
t ubes:
18Cr - 8Ni
TP304L
TP316
18Cr - 8Ni
16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo
304S
( or SS)
304LS
316S
TP316L
TP321
TP347
16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo
18Cr - 10Ni - Ti
18Cr - 10Ni - Cb
316LS
321S
347S
850
1500
1500
454
815
815
850
1000
1000
454
537
537
316L
SS321
SS347
A- 249
TP304
TP304L
TP316
Welded aust enit ic
st eel boiler
superheat er, heat
exchanger, and
condenser t ubes:
18Cr - 8Ni
18Cr - 8Ni
16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo
304W
304LW
316W
1500
1200
1500
815
648
815
1000
1200
1000
537
648
537
SS304
SS304
SS316
TP316L
TP321
TP347
16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo
18Cr - 10Ni - Ti
18Cr - 10Ni - Ti
316LW
321W
347W
850
1500
1500
454
815
815
815
1000
1000
426
537
537
316L
SS321
SS347
Seam less t ubes
13C
Welded t ubes
13C
410S
1200
648
900
482
SS410
410W
1200
648
900
482
SS410
600
315
650
343
S2205
A- 213
A- 268
TP410
TP410
A- 789
Welded duplex
( S31803) aust enit ic st eel
t ubes:
22Cr - 5Ni - 3Mo
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
2205W
28-13
ASM E N on - Fe r r ou s Tu be
M a t e r ia ls
ASTM
Spe c
( Gr a de )
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om ina l
Com posit ion
B- 111
Seam less copper
and copper alloy
t ubes for use in
surface condensers,
evaporat ors and
heat exchangers:
( 122)
( 687)
( 706)
( 715)
Cu
Cu - Al
Cu - Ni 90/ 10
Cu - Ni 70/ 30
Adm iralt y Brass
( 443)
( 444)
( 445)
28-14
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
I nternal
Pr e ssu r e
M a x im u m
Te m p.
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssu r e
M a x im u m
Te m p.
F
C
F
C
Syst e m
D e fa ult
Tube she e t
M a t e r ia l
( Pla t e )
CA122
CA687
CA706
CA715
400
450
600
700
204
232
315
371
150
150
150
100
66
66
66
37
A285C
A285C
A285C
A285C
CA443
CA444
CA445
450
450
450
232
232
232
350
350
350
176
176
176
A285C
A285C
A285C
Sym bol
B- 163
Seam less colddrawn nickel t ubes
for general
corrosive service:
( 200)
( 201)
Ni
Ni- Low C
NI 200
NI 201
600
1200
315
648
600
1000
315
537
NI 200
NI 201
B- 163
( 400)
Monel
Ni - Cu
MONEL
800
426
800
426
MONEL
B- 163
( 600)
I nconel
Ni - Cr - Fe
I NCNL
or
I 600
1200
648
1000
537
I NCNL
B- 163
( 800)
( 825)
I ncoloy
Ni - Fe - Cr
Ni - Fe - Cr - Mo Cu
I 800
I 825
1500
1000
815
537
1000
700
537
371
I 800
I 825
B- 619
( B)
Hast elloy
Ni - Mo
800
426
800
426
HASTB
( C- 276)
Ni - Mo - Cr
1000
537
800
426
HASTC
B- 468
( 20Cb)
Carpent er 20
Cr - Ni - Fe - Mo Cu - Cb
C 20
800
426
800
426
C 20
B- 338
( 2)
Tit anium
Ti
TI 50A
600
315
600
315
TI 50A
HAST or
HASTB
HASTC
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
BS D e sign Code - Pla t e
M a t e r ia ls
BS Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - Ca r bon St e e l
BS* or
ASTM
Spe c
and
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om ina l Com posit ion
Syst e m I n t e r n a l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r na l Pr e ssur e
M a t e r ia l M a x im u m Te m p. M a x im um Te m p.
Sym bol
F
C
F
C
A-36
(Structural steel)
A 36
A- 283
Low and int erm ediat e
st rengt h carbon
st eel plat es of st ruct ural A 283C
qualit y
( Gr a de )
154430*
A-285
164400*
A- 455
Carbon- m anganesesilicon st eel plat es for
pressure vessels:
C - Mn - Si
224460*
A- 516
224490*
-
-
622
327
na
na
A 285 or
A 285C
or CS
752
400
752
400
A 299
752
400
752
400
A 455
752
400
752
400
752
400
725
400
Pressure vessel plat es,
carbon st eel, high
st rengt h m anganese
225460*
A- 515
343
Low and intermediate
strength carbon steel
plates for pressure
vessels
151400*
161400*
A- 299
650
Carbon st eel plat es for
pressure vessels for
int erm ediat e and higher
t em perat ure service: C Si
Carbon st eel plat es for
pressure vessels for
m oderat e and lower
t em perat ure service:
C - Si
A 515
A 516
725
400
725
400
na = m at erial not select able for vacuum design
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-15
BS Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - H e a t Tr e a t e d
St e e l
BS* or
ASTM
Spe c
and
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om ina l Com posit ion
Syst e m I n t e r n a l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r na l Pr e ssur e
M a t e r ia l M a x im u m Te m p. M a x im um Te m p.
Sym bol
F
C
F
C
( Gr a de )
A- 353
Nine percent nickel alloy
st eel plat es, double
norm alized and
t em pered for pressure
vessels:
510N*
9Ni
A 353
250
121
na
na
A- 553
Eight and nine percent
nickel alloy st eel plat e,
quenched and
t em pered, for pressure
vessels:
9Ni
A 553
250
121
na
na
A517A
A517B
A517E
A517F
650
650
650
650
343
343
343
343
650
650
650
650
343
343
343
343
510*
A- 517
High st rengt h alloy st eel
plat es, quenched and
t em pered, for pressure
vessels:
( A)
( B)
( E)
( F)
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
-
Mn
Mn
Mn
Mn
-
Si
Si
Si
Si
na = m at erial not select able for vacuum design
28-16
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
BS Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - Low Alloy St e e l
BS* or
ASTM
Spe c
and
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om ina l Com posit ion
Syst e m I n t e r n a l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r na l Pr e ssur e
M a t e r ia l M a x im u m Te m p. M a x im um Te m p.
Sym bol
F
C
F
C
( Gr a de )
A- 202
( A)
( B)
Chrom ium - m anganesesilicon alloy st eel plat es
for pressure vessels
A202A
A 202
or
A202B
1000
1000
537
537
900
900
482
482
A203A
A203B
A203E
A203D
1000
1000
1000
122
537
537
537
50
900
900
900
122
482
482
482
50
A- 203
Nickel alloy st eel plat es
for pressure vessels:
( A)
( B)
( E)
503*
2.5Ni
2.5Ni
3.5Ni
3.5Ni
A- 204
Molybdenum alloy st eel
plat es for pressure
vessels:
( C)
C - .5Mo
A 204
1000
537
900
482
240*
261*
C - .5Mo
C - .5Mo
A204C
A204A
A204B
752
752
400
400
752
752
400
400
A- 302
( A)
( B)
Manganesem olybdenum and
m anganesem olybdenum - nickel
alloy st eel plat es for
pressure vessels:
Mn - .5Mo
Mn - .5Mo
1000
1000
537
537
900
900
482
482
( C)
( D)
Mn - .5Mo - Ni
Mn - .5Mo - Ni
A302A
A 302
or
A302B
A302C
A302D
1000
1000
537
537
900
900
482
482
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-17
BS Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - Low Alloy St e e l
( con t in u e d)
BS* or
ASTM
Spe c
and
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om ina l
Com posit ion
Syst e m I nt e r na l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r na l Pr e ssur e
M a t e r ia l M a x im um Te m p. M a x im u m Te m p.
Sym bol
F
C
F
C
( Gr a de )
A- 387
( 2 CL 1)
( 2 CL 2)
Pressure vessel
plat es, alloy st eel,
chrom ium m olybdenum :
.5Cr - .5Mo
.5Cr - .5Mo
A387A
A387G
842
842
450
450
842
842
450
450
620*
1Cr - .5Mo
( 12 CL 2) 1Cr - .5Mo
A387B
A387H
842
896
450
480
842
896
450
480
621*
1.25Cr - .5Mo - Si
( 11 CL 2) 1.25Cr - .5Mo - Si
A387C
A387J
842
896
450
480
842
896
450
480
622515*
2.25Cr - 1Mo
( 22 CL 2) 2.25Cr - 1Mo
A387D
A387K
842
896
450
480
842
896
450
480
( 21 CL 1) 3Cr - 1Mo
( 21 CL 2) 3Cr - 1Mo
A387E
A387L
896
896
480
480
896
896
480
480
( 5 CL 1)
( 5 CL 2)
5Cr - .5Mo
5Cr - .5Mo
A387F
A387M
896
896
480
480
896
896
480
480
A- 533
Manganesem olybdenum and
m anganesem olybdenum - nickel
alloy st eel plat es,
quenched and
t em pered, for
pressure vessels:
C - Mn - Mo
C - Mn - Mo - Ni
C - Mn - Mo - Ni
A533A
A533B
A533C
1000
800
800
537
426
426
650
650
650
343
343
343
( A CL 1)
( B CL 1)
( C CL 1)
na = m at erial not select able for vacuum design
28-18
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
BS Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - H igh Alloy St e e l
BS* or
ASTM
Spe c a n d
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om ina l
Com posit ion
Syst e m I nt e r na l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r na l Pr e ssu r e
M a t e r ia l M a x im um Te m p. M a x im u m Te m p.
Sym bol
F
C
F
C
( Gr a de )
A- 240
( 317)
( 348)
Chrom ium and
chrom ium - nickel
st ainless st eel plat e,
sheet , and st rip for
fusion- welded unfired
pressure vessels:
18Cr - 10Ni - 3Mo
18Cr - 10Ni - Cb
SS317
SS348
1292
1292
700
700
1200
1200
648
648
318- S13*
Duplex
22Cr - 5Ni - 3Mo
S2205
600
315
650
343
( 410)
( 430)
13Cr
17Cr
SS410
SS430
1200
1200
648
648
900
1200
482
648
304- S31*
304- S11*
316- S31*
18Cr - 8Ni
18Cr - 8Ni
16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo
SS304
304L
SS316
1292
752
1292
700
400
700
1200
752
1200
648
400
648
316- S11*
320- 517*
321- S31*
347- S31*
16Cr
16Cr
18Cr
18Cr
316L
316TI
SS321
SS321
752
1292
1292
1292
400
700
700
700
752
1200
1200
1200
400
648
648
648
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
-
12Ni
12Ni
10Ni
10Ni
-
2Mo
2Mo - Ti
Ti
Cb
28-19
BS N on - Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls
BS* or
ASTM
Spe c
and
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om ina l Com posit ion
Syst e m I n t e r n a l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r na l Pr e ssur e
M a t e r ia l M a x im u m Te m p. M a x im um Te m p.
Sym bol
F
C
F
C
( Gr a de )
1470*
Alum inum - alloy sheet
and plat e:
( 1100) *
( 3003) *
( 5052) *
( 5083) *
( 5086) *
( 6061) *
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
B- 171
Copper and copper
alloys - Naval brass
( 464)
B- 11
( 110)
A1100
A3003
A5052
A5083
A5086
A6061
400
400
400
150
150
400
204
204
204
66
66
204
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
400
204
200
93
CU or
CA110
400
204
150
66
CA655
350
176
200
93
CA122
400
204
150
66
CA715
700
371
200
93
CA464
Copper plat es for
locom ot ive fireboxes:
Cu
B- 96
Copper- silicon alloy
plat e and sheet for
pressure vessels:
( 655)
Cu - Zn
B- 152
Copper sheet , st rip,
plat e, and rolled bar:
( 122)
Cu
B- 171
Copper- nickel alloy plat e
and sheet for pressure
vessels:
( 715)
Cu - Ni 70/ 30
na = m at erial not select able for vacuum design
28-20
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
BS N on - Fe r r ous Pla t e M a t e r ia ls ( cont in u e d)
BS* or
ASTM
Spe c
and
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om ina l Com posit ion
Syst e m I n t e r n a l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r na l Pr e ssur e
M a t e r ia l M a x im u m Te m p. M a x im um Te m p.
Sym bol
F
C
F
C
( Gr a de )
B- 333
( B)
Hast elloy:
Ni - Mo
B- 575
( C- 276)
Hast elloy:
Ni - Mo - Cr
B- 409
Specificat ion for nickeliron- chrom ium alloy
plat e, sheet , and st rip:
( 800)
Ni - Fe - Cr
B- 424
Nickel- iron- chrom ium m olybdenum - copper
alloy plat e, sheet , and
st rip:
NA15*
Ni- Fe- Cr- Mo- Cu
B- 463
Carpent er 20 alloy plat e,
sheet and st rip:
Cr - Ni - Fe - Mo - Cu - C 20
Cb
( 20Cb)
B- 168
Nickel- chrom ium - iron
alloy plat e, sheet , and
st rip:
( 600)
Ni- Cr- Fe
B- 162
Nickel plat e, sheet , and
st rip:
( 200)
( 201)
Ni
Ni- Low C
B- 127
Nickel- copper alloy
plat e, sheet , and st rip:
Ni - Cu
( 400)
B- 265
( 1)
( 2)
Tit anium and t it anium
alloy st rip, sheet ,
Ti
Ti
HAST or
HASTB
800
426
800
426
HASTC
1000
537
800
426
I 800
1292
700
800
426
I 825
500
260
400
204
800
426
800
426
I NCNL
or
I 600
1200
648
800
426
NI or
NI 200
NI 201
600
600
1200
315
315
648
600
600
800
315
315
426
MONEL
or
M400
900
482
800
426
TI 35A
TI or
TI 50A
600
600
600
315
315
315
na
600
600
na
315
315
na = m at erial not select able for vacuum design
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-21
BS D e sign Code - Cla d Pla t e
M a t e r ia ls
M a t e r ia l Cla ssifica t ion
D e scr ipt ion
Gr a de
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
Vessel Base (Backing Material)**
161- 400
ASTM
A- 285
C
A285C
261
A- 204
B
A204B
A- 204
C
A204C
224- 460
A- 515
70
A 515
224- 490
A- 516
70
A 516
620
A- 387
12 CL 1
A387B
620
A- 387
12 CL 2
A387H
621
A- 387
11 CL 1
A387C
621
A- 387
11 CL 2
A387J
622- 515
A- 387
22 CL 1
A387D
622- 515
A- 387
22 CL 2
A387K
304- S31
304
SS304
304- S11
304L
304L
316- S31
316
SS316
316- S11
316L
316L
321- S31
321
SS321
347- S31
347
SS347
410
SS410
430
SS430
Cladding Material (Process Side)
Nickel alloy
200
NI 200
201
NI 201
Monel
400
MONEL
I nconel
600
I NCNL
Ni- Fe- Cr
800
I 800
Ni- Fe- Cr- Mo- Cu
825
I 825
Carpent er 20
20Cb
C 20
Tit anium
2
TI
Hast elloy B
B
HASTB
Hast elloy C
C- 276
HASTC
*
See Plat e Mat erials ( BS Code) for furt her m at erial descript ions.
* * Only t hese base m at erials m ay be used w it h t he above list of cladding
m at erials. No ot her com binat ion m ay be select ed.
28-22
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
BS D e sign Code - Tu be
M a t e r ia ls
BS Fe r r ou s Tu be M a t e r ia ls - Ca r bon St e e l
BS*
D e scr ipt ion a nd
or ASTM N om ina l
Spe c a n d Com posit ion
( Gr a de )
A- 179
F
( A- 1)
( C)
A- 214
360*
F
C
Syst e m
D e fa ult
Tube she e t
M a t e r ia l
( Pla t e )
A 179
752
400
752
400
A285C
A 192
752
400
752
400
A 515
A210A
A210C
1000
1000
537
537
900
900
482
482
A 515
A 515
A 214
842
450
842
450
A 515
700
700
371
371
700
700
371
371
A 442
A 442
Seam less carbon st eel
boiler t ubes for highpressure service
410*
A- 210
C
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssu r e
M a x im u m
Te m p.
Seam less cold- drawn
low- carbon st eel heat
exchanger and
condenser t ubes
320*
A- 192
Syst e m I n t e r n a l
M a t e r ia l Pr e ssur e
Sym bol M a x im u m
Te m p.
Seam less m edium
carbon st eel boiler
and superheat er
t ubes
Elect ric- resist ancewelded carbon st eel
heat exchanger and
condenser t ubes
Seam less carbon st eel
t ubes for low
410- LT50* t em perat ure service
A334A
( 6)
A334B
A- 334
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-23
BS Fe r r ou s Tu be M a t e r ia ls - Low Alloy St e e l
BS*
D e scr ipt ion a nd
or ASTM N om ina l
Spe c a n d Com posit ion
( Gr a de )
28-24
Syst e m I nt e r n a l
M a t e r ia l Pr e ssu r e
Sym bol M a x im um
Te m p.
F
A- 199
Seam less cold- drawn
int erm ediat e alloy
st eel heat exchanger
and condenser t ubes:
( T11)
( T22)
( T21)
( T5)
1.25Cr - .5Mo - Si
2.5Cr - 1Mo
3Cr - .9Mo
5Cr - .5Mo
A- 209
Seam less carbonm olybdenum alloy
st eel boiler and
superheat er t ubes:
( T1)
245- 450*
( T1B)
C - .5Mo
C - .5Mo
C - .5Mo
A- 213
Seam less ferrit ic and
aust enit ic alloy st eel
boiler, superheat er,
and heat exchanger
t ubes:
( T2)
( T21)
620- 460*
620- 460*
622- 490*
625- 450*
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssur e
M a x im um
Te m p.
C
F
C
Syst e m
D e fa u lt
Tu be sh e e t
M a t e r ia l
( Pla t e )
A199C
A199D
A199E
A199F
1022
1022
1022
1022
550
550
550
550
900
900
900
900
482
482
482
482
A387C
A387D
A387E
A387F
A 209
A209A
A209B
1000
752
1000
537
400
537
900
752
900
482
400
482
A 204
A 204
A 204
.5Cr - .5Mo
3Cr - .9Mo
A213A
A213E
1000
1022
537
550
900
900
482
482
A387A
A387E
1Cr - .5Mo
1.25Cr - .5Mo - Si
2.25Cr - 1Mo
5Cr - .5Mo
A213B
A213C
A213D
A213F
1022
1022
1022
1022
550
550
550
550
900
900
900
900
482
482
482
482
A387B
A387C
A387D
A387F
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
BS Fe r r ou s Tu be M a t e r ia ls - H igh Alloy St e e l
BS* or
D e scr ipt ion a nd
ASTM
N om ina l
Spe c a n d Com posit ion
( Gr a de )
Syst e m I n t e r n a l
M a t e r ia l Pr e ssur e
Sym bol M a x im u m
Te m p.
F
C
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssu r e
M a x im u m
Te m p.
F
C
Syst e m
D e fa ult
Tube she e t
M a t e r ia l
( Pla t e )
304- S18*
304- S14*
316- S18*
Seam less Ferrit ic
and aust enit ic alloy
st eel boiler,
superheat er, and
heat exchanger
t ubes:
18Cr - 8Ni
18Cr - 8Ni
16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo
304S
304LS
316S
842
752
842
450
400
450
842
752
842
450
400
450
SS304
304L
SS316
316- S14*
321- S18*
347- S18*
16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo
18Cr - 10Ni - Ti
18Cr - 10Ni - Cb
316LS
321S
347S
842
842
842
450
450
450
800
842
842
426
450
450
316L
SS321
SS347
A- 249
Welded aust enit ic
st eel boiler
superheat er, heat
exchanger,
and condenser
t ubes:
304- S25*
304- S22*
316- S26*
18Cr - 8Ni
18Cr - 8Ni
16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo
304W
304LW
316W
842
752
842
450
400
450
842
752
842
450
400
450
SS304
304L
SS316
316- S22*
321- S22*
347- S17*
16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo
18Cr - 10Ni - Ti
18Cr - 10Ni - Cb
316LW
321W
347W
842
842
842
450
450
450
800
842
842
426
450
450
316L
SS321
SS347
Seam less t ubes
13 Cr
Welded t ubes
13 Cr
410S
752
400
752
400
SS410
410W
752
400
752
400
SS410
2205W
600
315
A-213
A- 268
TP410
TP410
A- 789
( S31803)
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
Welded duplex
aust enit ic st eel
t ubes:
22Cr - 5Ni - 3Mo
650
343
S2205
28-25
BS N on - Fe r r ou s Tu be M a t e r ia ls
BS* or
D e scr ipt ion a nd
ASTM
N om ina l
Spe c a n d Com posit ion
( Gr a de )
28-26
Syst e m I nt e r n a l
M a t e r ia l Pr e ssu r e
Sym bol M a x im um
Te m p.
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssur e
M a x im um
Te m p.
F
C
F
C
Syst e m
D e fa u lt
Tu be sh e e t
M a t e r ia l
( Pla t e )
B- 111
Seam less copper and
copper alloy t ubes for
use in surface
condensers,
evaporat ors and heat
exchangers:
( 122)
( 687)
( 708)
( 715)
Cu
Cu - Al
Cu - Ni 90/ 10
Cu - Ni 70/ 30
CA122
CA687
CA706
CA715
400
450
600
700
204
230
315
371
150
200
150
200
66
93
66
93
A285C
A285C
A285C
A285C
( 443)
( 444)
( 445)
Adm iralt y Brass
CA443
CA444
CA445
450
450
450
232
232
232
200
200
200
93
93
93
A285C
A285C
A285C
B- 163
Seam less cold- drawn
nickel t ubes for
general corrosive
service:
( 200)
( 201)
Ni
Ni - Low C
NI 200
NI 201
600
1200
315
648
600
800
315
426
NI 200
NI 201
B- 163
( 400)
Monel ( Seam less)
Ni - Cu
MONEL
900
482
800
426
MONEL
B- 163
( 600)
I nconel ( Welded)
Ni - Cr - Fe
I NCNL
or
I 600
1200
648
800
426
I NCNL
B- 163
( 800)
( 825)
I ncoloy
Ni - Fe - Cr ( Welded)
Ni - Fe - Cr - Mo
- Cu ( Seam less)
I 800
I 825
1292
1000
700
537
800
500
426
260
I 800
I 825
B- 619
( B)
Hast elloy ( Welded)
Ni - Mo
800
426
800
426
HASTB
( C- 276)
Ni - Mo - Cr
1202
650
800
426
HASTC
B- 468
( 20Cb)
Carpent er 20 ( Welded)
Cr - Ni - Fe - Mo- Cu - C 20
Cb
800
426
800
426
C 20
B- 338
( 2)
Tit anium ( Welded)
Ti
600
315
600
315
TI 50A
HAST or
HASTB
HASTC
TI 50A
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
JI S D e sign Code - Pla t e
M a t e r ia ls
JI S Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - Ca r bon St e e l
JI S* or
D e scr ipt ion a nd N om ina l
ASTM
Com posit ion
Spe c a n d
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
( Gr a de )
I nternal
Pr e ssur e
M a x im u m
D e gr e e s
F
G- 3101*
SS400*
( st ruct ural st eel)
G- 3106*
Low and int erm ediat e st rengt h
carbon st eel plat es of st ruct ural
qualit y
SM520C*
G- 3115*
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssur e
Te m p.
D e gr e e s
C
F
C
A 36
650
343
-
-
A 283 C
662
350
na
na
A 285 or
A 285C or
CS
662
350
662
350
A 299
662
350
662
350
A 455
650
343
650
343
A 515
662
350
662
350
A 516
662
350
662
350
Low and int erm ediat e st rengt h
st eel plat es for pressure vessels
SPV355*
G- 3115*
Carbon- m anganese- silicon st eel
plat es for pressure vessels:
SPV450*
C - Mn - Si
A- 455
Pressure vessel plat es, carbon
st eel, high st rengt h m anganese
( A)
G- 3118*
Carbon st eel plat es for pressure
vessels for int erm ediat e and
higher t em perat ure service
SGV480*
C - Si
G- 3126*
Carbon st eel plat es for pressure
vessels for m oderat e and lower
t em perat ure service:
SLA360*
C - Si
na = m at erial not select able for vacuum design
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-27
JI S Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - H e a t Tr e a t e d
St e e l
JI S* or
D e scr ipt ion a nd N om ina l
ASTM
Com posit ion
Spe c a n d
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
( Gr a de )
I nternal
Pr e ssur e
M a x im u m
D e gr e e s
F
G- 3127*
Nine percent nickel alloy st eel
plat es, double norm alized and
t em pered for pressure vessels:
SL9N520*
9Ni
G- 3127*
Eight and nine percent nickel alloy
st eel plat e, quenched and
t em pered, for pressure vessels:
SL9N590*
9Ni
A- 517
High st rengt h alloy st eel plat es,
quenched and t em pered, for
pressure vessels:
( A)
( B)
( E)
( E)
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
-
A 353
A 553
Mn
Mn
Mn
Mn
-
Si
Si
Si
Si
A517A
A517B
A517E
A517E
392
392
650
650
650
650
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssur e
Te m p.
D e gr e e s
C
200
200
343
343
343
343
F
C
na
na
na
650
650
650
650
na
343
343
343
343
na = m at erial not select able for vacuum design
28-28
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
JI S Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - Low Alloy St e e l
JI S* or
ASTM
Spe c a n d
D e scr ipt ion a n d N om in a l
Com posit ion
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
( Gr a de )
I nternal
Pr e ssur e
M a x im u m
D e gr e e s
F
A- 202
( A)
( B)
G- 3127*
SL2N255*
( B)
SL3N255*
SL3N275*
Chrom ium - m anganese- silicon
alloy st eel plat es for pressure
vessels
C
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssur e
Te m p.
D e gr e e s
F
C
A202A
A 202 or
A202B
1000
1000
537
537
900
900
482
482
A203A
A203B
A203D
A203E
392
1000
392
392
200
537
200
200
392
900
122
392
200
482
50
200
A204A
A204B
A204 or
A204C
1022
1022
1000
550
550
537
752
752
900
400
400
482
A302A
A 302
or A302B
A302C
A302D
977
1022
525
550
900
900
482
482
1022
1022
550
550
900
900
482
482
Nickel alloy st eel plat es for
pressure vessels:
2.5Ni
2.5Ni
3.5Ni
3.5Ni
G- 3103*
Molybdenum alloy st eel plat es
for pressure vessels:
SB450M*
SB480M*
( C)
C - .5Mo
C - .5Mo
C - .5Mo
G- 3119*
Manganese- m olybdenum and
m anganese- m olybdenum - nickel
alloy st eel plat es for pressure
vessels:
SBV1A*
SBV1B*
Mn - .5Mo
Mn - .5Mo
SBV2*
SBV2*
Mn - .5Mo - Ni
Mn - .5Mo - Ni
- Cont inued on next page -
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-29
JI S* or
ASTM
Spe c a n d
D e scr ipt ion a n d N om in a l
Com posit ion
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
( Gr a de )
I nternal
Pr e ssur e
M a x im u m
D e gr e e s
F
G- 4109*
C
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssur e
Te m p.
D e gr e e s
F
C
Pressure vessel plat es, alloy
st eel, chrom ium - m olybdenum :
SCMV1( A) * .5Cr - .5Mo
SCMV1( N) * .5Cr - .5Mo
A387A
A387G
1022
1022
550
550
900
900
482
482
SCMV2( A) * 1Cr - .5Mo
SCMV2( N) * 1Cr - .5Mo
A387B
A387H
1157
1157
625
625
842
842
450
450
SCMV3( A) * 1.25Cr - .5Mo - Si
SCMV3( N) * 1.25Cr - .5Mo - Si
A387C
A387J
1157
1157
625
625
896
896
480
480
SCMV4( A) * 2.25Cr - 1Mo
SCMV4( N) * 2.25Cr - 1Mo
A387D
A387K
1067
1067
575
575
896
896
480
480
SCMV5( A) * 3Cr - 1Mo
SCMV5( N) * 3Cr - 1Mo
A387E
A387L
1157
1157
625
625
896
896
480
480
SCMV6( A) * 5Cr - .5Mo
SCMV6( N) * Cr - .5Mo
A387F
A387M
1157
1157
625
625
896
896
480
480
A533A
A533B
A533C
1022
797
797
550
425
425
na
na
na
na
na
na
G- 3120*
Manganese- m olybdenum and
m anganese- m olybdenum - nickel
alloy st eel plat es, quenched and
t em pered, for pressure vessels:
SQV1A*
SQV2A*
SQV3A*
C - Mn - Mo
C - Mn - Mo- Ni
C - Mn - Mo- Ni
na = m at erial not select able for vacuum design
28-30
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
JI S Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - H igh Alloy
St e e l
JI S* or
D e scr ipt ion a nd N om ina l
ASTM
Com posit ion
Spe c a n d
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
( Gr a de )
I nternal
Pr e ssur e
M a x im u m
D e gr e e s
F
C
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssur e
Te m p.
D e gr e e s
F
C
G- 4303*
G- 4304*
G- 4305*
Chrom ium and chrom ium - nickel
st ainless st eel plat e, sheet , and
st rip for fusion- welded unfired
pressure vessels:
SUS304L*
SUS304*
18Cr - 8Ni
18Cr - 8Ni
304L
SS304
797
1472
425
800
752
1200
400
648
SUS316L*
SUS316*
SUS316*
16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo
16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo
16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo-Ti
316L
SS316
SS316TI
842
1472
1472
450
800
800
752
1200
1200
400
648
648
SUS317*
SUS321*
SUS347*
( 348)
18Cr
18Cr
18Cr
18Cr
3Mo
Ti
Cb
Cb
SS317
SS321
SS347
SS348
1472
1472
1472
1500
800
800
800
815
1200
1200
1200
1200
648
648
648
648
( 2205)
Duplex
22Cr - 5Ni - 3Mo
S2205
600
315
650
343
SUS410*
SUS430*
13Cr
17Cr
SS410
SS430
1202
1202
650
650
900
1200
482
648
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
-
10Ni
10Ni
10Ni
10Ni
-
28-31
JI S N on - Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls
JI S* or
D e scr ipt ion a nd N om ina l
ASTM
Com posit ion
Spe c a n d
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
( Gr a de )
I nternal
Pr e ssur e
M a x im u m
D e gr e e s
F
H- 4000*
A1100P*
A3003P*
A5052P*
A5083P*
A5086P*
A6061P*
Alum inum - alloy sheet and plat e:
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
H- 3100*
C4640P*
Copper and copper alloys - Naval
brass
H3100*
Copper plat es for locom ot ive
fireboxes:
C1100P*
Cu
B- 96
Copper- silicon alloy plat e and
sheet for pressure vessels:
( B55)
Cu - Zn
H- 3100*
Copper sheet , st rip, plat e, and
rolled bar:
C1220P*
Cu
H- 3100*
Copper- nickel alloy plat e and
sheet for pressure vessels:
C7150P*
Cu - Ni 70/ 30
C
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssur e
Te m p.
D e gr e e s
F
C
A1100
A3003
A5052
A5083
A5086
A6061
392
392
392
150
150
392
200
200
200
66
66
200
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
CA464
392
200
350
177
CU or
CA110
392
200
150
66
CA655
350
176
350
176
CA122
392
200
150
66
CA715
662
350
662
350
na = m at erial not select able for vacuum design
28-32
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
JI S N on - Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - cont inued
JI S* or
D e scr ipt ion a nd N om ina l
ASTM
Com posit ion
Spe c a n d
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
( Gr a de )
I nternal
Pr e ssur e
M a x im u m
D e gr e e s
F
B- 333
( B)
Hast elloy:
Ni - Mo
B- 575
( C- 276)
Hast elloy:
Ni - Mo - Cr
G- 4902*
Specificat ion for nickel- ironchrom ium alloy plat e, sheet , and
st rip:
NCF800*
Ni - Fe - Cr
B- 424
Nickel- iron- chrom ium m olybdenum - copper alloy plat e,
sheet , and st rip:
( 825)
Ni - Fe - Cr - Mo - Cu
B- 463
Carpent er 20 alloy plat e, sheet
and st rip:
( 20Cb)
Cr - Ni - Fe - Mo - Cu - Cb
G- 4902*
Nickel- chrom ium - iron alloy plat e,
sheet , and st rip,
NCF600*
I nconel:
B- 162
( 200)
Nickel plat e, sheet , and st rip:
Ni
( 201)
Ni- Low C
H- 4551*
Nickel- copper alloy plat e, sheet ,
and st rip:
NCuP*
Ni - Cu
H- 4600*
Tit anium and t it anium alloy st rip,
sheet , and plat e:
TP28*
TP35*
Ti
Ti
Ni - Cr - Fe
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssur e
Te m p.
D e gr e e s
C
F
C
426
HAST or
HASTB
800
426
800
HASTC
1000
537
1000 537
I 800
1472
800
1000 537
I 825
1000
537
700
371
C 20
800
426
800
426
I NCNL
or
I 600
1202
650
1000 537
NI or
NI 200
NI 201
600
600
1200
315
315
648
600
315
600
315
1000 537
MONEL
or
M400
932
500
800
426
TI 35A
TI or
TI 50A
662
662
662
350
350
350
na
600
600
na
315
315
na = m at erial not select able for vacuum design
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-33
JI S D e sign Code - Cla d Pla t e M a t e r ia ls
M a t e r ia l Cla ssifica t ion D e scr ipt ion
Gr a de
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
ASTM A- 285
A- 204
A- 204
A- 515
C
B
C
70
A285C
A204B
A204C
A 515
A- 516
A- 387
A- 387
A- 387
A- 387
A- 387
A- 387
70
12
12
11
11
22
22
A 516
A387B
A387H
A387C
A387J
A387D
A387K
Vessel Base (Backing Material)**
SPV350
SB480M
SGV480
SLA360
SCMV2( A)
SCMV2( A)
SCMV3( A)
SCMV3( A)
SCMV4( A)
SCMV4( A)
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
1
2
1
2
1
2
Cladding Material (Process Side)
St ainless st eel t ype
SUS304
SUS304L
SUS316
SUS316L
SUS321
SUS321
SUS321
SUS430
Nickel alloy
Monel
NCUP
I nconel
NCF600
Ni- Fe- CR
Ni- Fe- Cr- Mo- Cu
Carpent er 20
Tit anium
Hast elloy B
Hast elloy C
*
304
304L
316
316L
321
347
410
430
200
201
SS304
304L
SS316
316L
SS321
SS347
SS410
SS430
NI 200
NI 201
400
MONEL
600
800
825
20 CB
2
B
C- 276
I NCNL
I 800
I 825
C 20
Ti
HASTB
HASTC
See Plat e Mat erials ( JI S Code) for furt her m at erial descript ions.
* * Only t hese base m at erials m ay be used w it h t he above list of cladding
m at erials.
No ot her com binat ion m ay be select ed.
28-34
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
JI S D e sign Code - Tu be
M a t e r ia ls
JI S Fe r r ou s Tu be M a t e r ia ls - Ca r bon St e e l
JI S*
D e scr ipt ion a nd
or ASTM N om ina l
Spe c a n d Com posit ion
( Gr a de )
G- 3461*
STB340*
Syst e m I nt e r n a l
M a t e r ia l Pr e ssu r e
Sym bol M a x im um
Te m p.
F
Seam less cold- drawn
low- carbon st eel heat
exchanger and
condenser t ubes
C
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssur e
M a x im um
Te m p.
F
C
Syst e m
D e fa u lt
Tu be sh e e t
M a t e r ia l
( Pla t e )
A 179
1022
550
752
400
A285C
A- 192
Seam less carbon st eel A 192
boiler t ubes for highpressure service
1000
537
900
482
A 515
G- 3461*
Seam less m edium
carbon st eel boiler and
superheat er t ubes
A210A
A210C
1022
1022
550
550
900
900
482
482
A 515
A 515
A 214
1022
550
900
482
A 515
A334A
A334B
700
700
371
371
700
700
371
371
A 442
A 442
STB510*
STB410*
G- 3461*
Elect ric- resist ancewelded carbon st eel
heat exchanger and
condenser t ubes
STB340*
G- 3464*
( 1)
STBL380*
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
Seam less carbon st eel
t ubes for low
t em perat ure service
28-35
JI S Fe r r ou s Tu be M a t e r ia ls - Low Alloy St e e l
JI S*
or ASTM
Spe c a n d
D e scr ipt ion a nd
Syst e m
N om ina l Com posit ion M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
( Gr a de )
28-36
G- 3462*
Seam less cold- drawn
int erm ediat e alloy st eel
heat exchanger and
condenser t ubes:
STBA23*
STBA24*
( T21)
STBA25*
1.25Cr - .5Mo - Si
2.5Cr - 1Mo
3Cr - .9Mo
5Cr - .5Mo
G- 3462*
Seam less carbonm olybdenum alloy st eel
boiler and superheat er
t ubes:
STBA12*
STBA13*
( T1B)
C - .5Mo
C - .5Mo
C - .5Mo
G- 3462*
Seam less ferrit ic and
aust enit ic alloy st eel
boiler, superheat er, and
heat exchanger t ubes:
STBA20*
STBA20*
( T11)
( T22)
( T21)
( T5)
.5Cr
- .5Mo
1Cr
- .5Mo
1.25Cr - .5Mo - Si
2.25Cr - 1Mo
3Cr
- .9Mo
5Cr
- .5Mo
I nternal
Pr e ssur e
M a x im u m
D e gr e e s
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssur e
Te m p.
D e gr e e s
Syst e m
D e fa u lt
Tu be sh e e t
M a t e r ia l
( Pla t e )
F
C
A199C
A199D
A199E
A199F
1202
1202
1200
1202
650
650
648
650
900
900
900
900
482
482
482
482
A 209
A209A
A209B
1022
1022
1000
550
550
537
900
900
900
482 A 204
482 A 204
482 A 204
A213A
A213B
A213C
A213D
A213E
A213F
1022
1202
1200
1200
1200
1200
550
650
648
648
648
648
900
900
900
900
900
900
482
482
482
482
482
483
F
C
A387C
A387D
A387E
A387F
A387A
A387B
A387C
A387D
A387E
A387F
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
JI S Fe r r ou s Tu be M a t e r ia ls - H igh Alloy
St e e l
JI S*
or ASTM
Spe c a n d
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om ina l
Com posit ion
( Gr a de )
Syst e m I nt e r n a l
M a t e r ia l Pr e ssu r e
Sym bol M a x im um
Te m p.
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssur e
M a x im um
Te m p.
Syst e m
D e fa u lt
Tu be sh e e t
M a t e r ia l
( Pla t e )
F
C
F
C
Seam less Ferrit ic
and aust enit ic alloy
st eel boiler,
superheat er, and
heat exchanger
t ubes:
SUS304TB* 18Cr - 8Ni
304S
SUS304LTB* 18Cr - 8Ni
304LS
SUS316TB* 16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo 316S
1472
797
1472
800
425
800
842
752
842
450
450
450
SS304
304L
SS316
SUS316LTB* 16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo
SUS321TB* 18Cr - 10Ni - Ti
SUS347TB* 18Cr - 10Ni - Cb
316LS
321S
347S
842
1472
1472
450
800
800
842
842
842
450
400
450
316L
SS321
SS347
SUS304TB* 18Cr - 8Ni
SUS304LTB* 18Cr - 8Ni
SUS316TB* 16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo
304W
304LW
316W
1472
797
1472
800
425
800
842
752
842
450
400
450
SS304
304L
SS316
SUS316LTB* 16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo
SUS321TB* 18Cr - 10Ni - Ti
SUS347TB* 18Cr - 10Ni - Cb
316LW
321W
347W
842
1472
1472
450
800
800
842
842
842
450
450
450
316L
SS321
SS347
A- 268
TP 410
Seam less t ubes
13Cr
410S
752
400
752
400
SS410
TP 410
Welded t ubes
13Cr
410W
752
400
752
400
SS410
A- 789
Welded duplex
aust enit ic st eel
t ubes:
( S31803)
22Cr - 5Ni - 3Mo
2205W
600
315
650
343
S2205
G- 3463*
G- 3463*
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
Welded aust enit ic
st eel boiler
superheat er, heat
exchanger, and
condenser t ubes:
28-37
JI S N on - Fe r r ous Tu be M a t e r ia ls
JI S* or
ASTM
Spe c a n d
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om in a l
Com posit ion
( Gr a de )
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssur e
M a x im um
Te m p.
F
C
F
C
Syst e m
D e fa u lt
Tu be sh e e t
M a t e r ia l
( Pla t e )
H- 3300*
Seam less copper and
copper alloy t ubes for
use in surface
condensers,
evaporat ors and heat
exchangers:
C1220T*
C6871T*
C7060T*
C7150T*
Cu
Cu - Al
Cu - Ni 90/ 10
Cu - Ni 70/ 30
CA122
CA687
CA706
CA715
392
392
572
662
200
200
300
350
150
150
150
700
66
66
66
371
A285C
A285C
A285C
A285C
C4430T*
( 444)
( 445)
Adm iralt y Brass
CA443
CA444
CA445
437
450
450
225
232
232
350
350
350
176
176
176
A285C
A285C
A285C
B- 163
Seam less cold- drawn
nickel t ubes for
general corrosive
service:
( 200)
( 201)
Ni
Ni- Low C
NI 200
NI 201
600
1200
315
648
600
1000
315
537
NI 200
NI 201
H- 4552*
NCuT*
Monel
Ni - Cu
MONEL
887
475
752
400
MONEL
I NCNL
or
I 600
1202
650
1000
537
I NCNL
I 800
I 825
1472
1000
800
537
1000
700
537
371
I 800
1825
800
426
800
426
HASTB
1000
537
1000
537
HASTC
800
426
800
426
C 20
662
350
600
315
TI 50A
G- 4904*
I nconel
NCF600TB* Ni - Cr - Fe
I ncoloy
G- 4904*
NCF800TB* Ni - Fe - Cr
NCF825TB* Ni - Fe - Cr - Mo - Cu
28-38
Syst e m I nt e r n a l
M a t e r ia l Pr e ssu r e
Sym bol M a x im um
Te m p.
B- 619
( B)
Hast elloy
Ni - Mo
( C- 276)
Ni - Mo - Cr
B- 468
( 20Cb)
Carpent er 20
Cr - Ni - Fe - Mo - Cu - C 20
Cb
H- 4650*
TB35*
Tit anium
Ti
HAST or
HASTB
HASTC
TI 50A
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
D I N D e sign Code - Pla t e
M a t e r ia ls
D I N Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - Ca r bon St e e l
D I N * or ASTM
Spe c a n d
( Gr a de )
D e scr ipt ion a nd N om ina l Syst e m
Com posit ion
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
I nt e r na l
Pr e ssu r e
M a x im um
D e gr e e s
F
DI N EN 1002591*
S235JRG1*
( st ruct ural st eel)
DI N EN 1002591*
Low and int erm ediat e
st rengt h carbon st eel
plat es of st ruct ural qualit y
S235JRG2*
DI N 17155*
HI I *
Low and int erm ediat e
st rengt h st eel plat es for
pressure vessels
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssu r e
Te m p.
D e gr e e s
C
F
C
A 36
650
343
-
-
A 283C
662
350
na
na
1022
550
896
480
A 285 or
A 285C or
CS
DI N 17102*
Carbon- m anganese- silicon
st eel plat es for pressure
vessels:
St E 355*
C - Mn - Si
A 299
662
350
662
350
A- 455
Pressure vessel plat es,
carbon st eel, high st rengt h
m anganese
A 455
650
343
650
343
A 515
662
350
662
350
A 516
662
350
662
350
( A)
DI N 17155*
Carbon st eel plat es for
pressure vessels for
int erm ediat e and higher
t em perat ure service:
19Mn5*
DI N 17102*
Carbon st eel plat es for
pressure vessels for
m oderat e and lower
t em perat ure service:
SI E315*
C - Si
na = m at erial not select able for vacuum design
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-39
D I N Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - H e a t Tr e a t e d
St e e l
DI N*
or ASTM
Spe c a n d
D e scr ipt ion a nd N om ina l
Com posit ion
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
( Gr a de )
SEW 680*
F
C
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssu r e
Te m p.
D e gr e e s
F
C
Nine percent nickel alloy st eel
plat es, double norm alized and
t em pered for pressure vessels:
X8Ni9*
SEW 680*
I nternal
Pr e ssur e
M a x im u m
D e gr e e s
A 353
392
200
na
na
A 553
392
200
na
na
A517A
A517B
A517E
A517E
650
650
650
650
343
343
343
343
650
650
650
650
343
343
343
343
Eight and nine percent nickel alloy
st eel plat e, quenched and
t em pered, for pressure vessels:
X8Ni9*
A- 517
High st rengt h alloy st eel plat es,
quenched and t em pered, for
pressure vessels:
( A)
( B)
( E)
( F)
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
-
Mn
Mn
Mn
Mn
-
Si
Si
Si
Si
na = m at erial not select able for vacuum design
28-40
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
D I N Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - Low Alloy
St e e l
D I N * or
ASTM Spe c a nd
( Gr a de )
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om ina l
Com posit ion
Syst e m I n t e r n a l
M a t e r ia l Pr e ssur e
Sym bol M a x im u m
D e gr e e s
F
A 202
( A)
( B)
SEW 680*
( D)
( E)
Chrom ium m anganese- silicon
alloy st eel plat es for
pressure vessels
Nickel alloy st eel
plat es for pressure
vessels:
14Ni6*
10Ni14*
3.5Ni
3.5Ni
DI N 17155*
Molybdenum alloy
st eel plat es for
pressure vessels:
( B)
( C)
15Mo3*
C - .5Mo
C - .5Mo
C
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssu r e
Te m p.
D e gr e e s
F
C
A202A
1000
A 202 or 1000
A202B
537
537
900
900
482
482
A203A
A203B
A203D
A203E
392
1000
392
392
200
537
200
200
392
900
122
392
200
482
50
200
A204A
1022
A204B
1022
A 204 or 1000
A204C
550
550
537
752
752
900
400
400
482
977
1022
525
550
900
900
482
482
1022
1022
550
550
900
900
482
482
Manganesem olybdenum and
m anganesem olybdenum - nickel
alloy st eel plat es for
pressure vessels:
VdTUV Wbl.376 WB35* 17Mn Mo V64*
VdTUV Wbl.377 WB36* 15Ni Cu Mo Nb5*
VdTUV Wbl.378*
VdTUV Wbl384 WB34*
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
12Mn Ni Mo55*
13Mn Ni Mo54*
A302A
A 302 or
A302B
A302C
A302D
28-41
D I N * or
ASTM Spe c a nd
( Gr a de )
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om ina l
Com posit ion
Syst e m I n t e r n a l
M a t e r ia l Pr e ssur e
Sym bol M a x im u m
D e gr e e s
F
C
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssu r e
Te m p.
D e gr e e s
F
C
Pressure vessel
plat es, alloy st eel,
chrom ium m olybdenum :
( A)
( G)
.5Cr - .5Mo
.5Cr - .5Mo
A387A
A387G
1022
1022
550
550
900
900
482
482
DI N 17155*
DI N 17155*
13Cr Mo44*
13Cr Mo44*
A387B
A387H
1157
1157
500
625
842
842
450
450
( C)
( J)
1.25Cr - .5Mo - Si
1.25Cr - .5Mo - Si
A387C
A387J
1157
1157
625
625
896
896
480
480
DI N 17155*
VdTUV Wbl.404*
10Cr Mo910*
12Cr Mo910*
A387D
A387K
1067
1067
500
575
896
896
480
480
VdTUV Wbl.007*
VdTUV Wbl.007*
12Cr Mo195*
12Cr Mo195*
A387E
A387L
1157
1157
625
625
896
896
480
480
( F)
( M)
5Cr - .5Mo
Cr - .5Mo
A387F
A387M
1157
1157
625
625
896
896
480
480
SEW 640*
Manganesem olybdenum and
m anganesem olybdenum - nickel
alloy st eel plat es,
quenched and
t em pered, for
pressure vessels:
C - Mn - Mo
20 Mn Mo Ni55*
12 Mn Ni Mo55*
A533A
A533B
A533C
1022
797
797
550
425
425
na
na
na
na
na
na
( A)
na = m at erial not select able for vacuum design
28-42
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
D I N Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - H igh Alloy
St e e l
DI N*
or ASTM
Spe c a n d
D e scr ipt ion a nd N om ina l
Com posit ion
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
( Gr a de )
DI N
17440*
I nternal
Pr e ssur e
M a x im u m
D e gr e e s
F
C
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssu r e
Te m p.
D e gr e e s
F
C
Chrom ium and chrom ium - nickel
st ainless st eel plat e, sheet , and
st rip for fusion- welded unfired
pressure vessels:
X2 Cr Ni1911*
X5 Cr Ni1810*
304L
SS304
797
1472
425
800
752
1200
400
648
X2 Cr Ni Mo17132*
X5 Cr Ni Mo17122*
X6 Cr Ni Mo Ti 17122*
316L
SS316
316TI
842
1472
1472
450
800
800
752
1200
1200
400
648
648
X2 Cr Ni Mo18164*
X6 Cr Ni Ti1810*
X6 Cr Ni Nb1810*
SS317
SS321
SS347
SS348
1472
1472
1472
1500
800
800
800
815
1200
1200
1200
1200
648
648
648
648
( 2205)
Duplex
22Cr - 5Ni - 3Mo
S2205
600
315
650
343
DI N
17440*
X10 Cr13*
X6 Cr17*
SS410
SS430
1202
1202
650
650
900
1200
482
648
( 348)
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-43
D I N N on - Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls
D I N * or
D e scr ipt ion a nd N om ina l
ASTM Spe c Com post ion
and
( Gr a de )
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
I nternal
Pr e ssur e
M a x im u m
D e gr e e s
F
DI N 1745
A1100P*
C
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssu r e
Te m p.
D e gr e e s
F
C
Alum inum - alloy sheet and
plat e:
A1100
A3003
A5052
A5083
A5086
A6061
392
392
392
150
150
392
200
200
200
66
66
200
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Copper and copper alloys Naval brass
Cu Zn38 Sn1*
CA464
392
200
350
177
Copper plat es for locom ot ive
fireboxes:
E Cu58* or
E Cu59*
CU or
CA110
392
200
150
66
Copper- silicon alloy plat e and
sheet for pressure vessels:
Cu - Zn
CA655
350
176
350
176
DI N 1787*
Copper sheet , st rip, plat e, and
rolled bar:
SF- Cu
CA122
392
200
150
66
DI N 17664*
Copper- nickel alloy plat e and
sheet for pressure vessels:
Cu Ni 30 Mn1 Fe*
CA715
662
350
662
350
HAST or
HASTB
800
426
800
426
1000
537
1000
537
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
DI N 17660*
DI N 1787*
B- 96
( 655)
Mn
Mg
Mg
Mg
Mg
Cu*
2.5*
4.5* Mn*
4
Mn*
7.5 Si Cu*
B- 333
( B)
Hast elloy:
Ni - Mo
B- 575
( C- 276)
Hast elloy:
Ni - Mo - Cr
HASTC
na = m at erial not select able for vacuum design
28-44
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
D I N N on - Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - cont inued
D I N * or ASTM
Spe c a n d
( Gr a de )
D e scr ipt ion a nd N om in a l Syst e m
Com post ion
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
I nternal
Pr e ssur e
M a x im u m
D e gr e e s
F
C
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssu r e
Te m p.
D e gr e e s
F
C
VdTUV Wbl.412* Specificat ion for nickeliron- chrom ium alloy plat e,
sheet , and st rip:
NCF800*
X10 Ni Cr Al Ti 3220*
B- 424
Nickel- iron- chrom ium m olybdenum - copper alloy
plat e, sheet , and st rip:
( 825)
B- 463
( 20Cb)
I 800
1472
800
1000
537
Ni - Fe - Cr - Mo - Cu
I 825
1000
537
700
371
Carpent er 20 alloy plat e,
sheet and st rip:
Cr - Ni - Fe - Mo - Cu - Cb
C 20
800
426
800
426
I NCNL
or
I 600
1202
650
1000
537
NI or
NI 200
NI 201
600
600
1200
315
315
648
600]
600
1000
315
315
537
MONEL
or
M400
932
500
800
426
662
662
662
350
350
350
na
600
600
na
315
315
VdTUV Wbl.305* Nickel- chrom ium - iron
alloy plat e, sheet , and
st rip , I nconel:
Ni Cr15 Fe
B- 162
( 200)
Nickel plat e, sheet , and
st rip:
Ni
( 201)
Ni- Low C
DI N 17750*
Nickel- copper alloy plat e,
sheet , and st rip:
Ni Cu 30 Fe F45*
DI N 17860*
3.7025.10*
3.7035.10*
Tit anium and t it anium alloy
st rip, sheet , and plat e:
Ti
TI 35A
Ti
TI or
TI 50A
na = m at erial not select able for vacuum design
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-45
D I N D e sign Code - Cla d Pla t e M a t e r ia ls
M a t e r ia l Cla ssifica t ion D e scr ipt ion
Gr a de
Syst e m M a t e r ia l Sym bol
C
B
C
70
70
12
12
11
11
22
22
A285C
A204B
A204C
A 515
A 516
A387B
A387H
A387C
A387J
A387D
A387K
Ve sse l Ba se ( Ba ck ing M a t e r ia l) * *
DI N 17102
A- 204 ( B)
DI N 17155
DI N 17102
DI N 17155
DI N 17155
A- 387 ( C)
A- 387
DI N 17155
DI N 17155
St E 355
ASTM A- 204
ASTM A - 204
19 Mn5
SI E 315
13Cr Mo44
13Cr Mo44
ASTM A- 387
ASTM A- 387
10Cr Mo 910
10Cr Mo 910
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
1
2
1
2
1
2
Cladding Material (Process Side)
St ainless st eel t ype
DI N 17440
X5 Cr Ni189*
X2 Cr Ni189*
X5 Cr Ni Mo1810*
X2 Cr Ni Mo1810*
X10 Cr Ni Ti189*
X10 Cr Ni Nb1810*
X10 Cr13*
X8 Cr17*
304
304L
316
316L
321
347
410
430
SS304
304L
SS316
316L
SS321
SS347
SS410
SS430
200
201
NI 200
NI 201
Monel
NCUP
400
MONEL
VdTUV Wbl.305*
Ni Cr15 Fe
600
I NCNL
Ni- Fe- Cr
800
I 800
Ni- Fe- Cr- Mo- Cu
825
I 825
Carpent er 20
20Cb
C 20
Tit anium
2
Ti
Hast elloy B
Hast elloy C
B
C- 276
HASTB
HASTC
Nickel alloy
*
See Plat e Mat erials ( Germ an Code) for furt her m at erial descript ions.
* * Only t hese base m at erials m ay be used wit h t he above list of cladding
m at erials. No ot her com binat ion m ay be select ed.
28-46
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
D I N D e sign Code - Tu be
M a t e r ia ls
D I N Fe r r ou s Tu be M a t e r ia ls - Ca r bon St e e l
DI N*
or ASTM
Spe c a n d
( Gr a de )
DI N 2391*
St 35GBK
NBK*
DI N 1629*
St 37.0*
DI N 1629*
St 44.0*
St 52.0*
DI N 2393*
St 37- 2
NBK*
SEW 680*
TTSt 35N*
( B)
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
D e scr ipt ion a nd
Syst e m I nt e r n a l
N om ina l Com post ion M a t e r ia l Pr e ssu r e
Sym bol M a x im um
Te m p.
C
Syst e m
D e fa u lt
Tu be sh e e t
M a t e r ia l
( Pla t e )
752
400
A285C
537
900
482
A 515
1022
1022
550
550
900
900
482
482
A 515
A 515
1022
550
900
482
A 515
700
700
371
371
700
700
371
371
A 442
A 442
F
C
A 179
1022
550
Seam less carbon st eel
boiler t ubes for highpressure service
A 192
1000
Seam less m edium
carbon st eel boiler and
superheat er t ubes
A210A
A210C
Seam less cold- drawn
low- carbon st eel heat
exchanger and
condenser t ubes
Elect ric- resist ancewelded carbon st eel
heat exchanger and
condenser t ubes
A 214
Seam less carbon st eel
t ubes for low
t em perat ure service
A334A
A334B
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssur e
M a x im um
Te m p.
F
28-47
D I N Fe r r ou s Tu be M a t e r ia l - Low Alloy St e e l
D I N * or
D e scr ipt ion a nd
ASTM Spe c N om ina l
and
Com post ion
( Gr a de )
Syst e m I n t e r n a l
M a t e r ia l Pr e ssur e
Sym bol M a x im u m
Te m p.
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssu r e
M a x im u m
Te m p.
Syst e m
D e fa ult
Tube she e t
M a t e r ia l
( Pla t e )
F
C
F
C
A199C
A199D
A199E
A199F
1202
1202
1200
1202
650
650
648
650
900
900
900
900
482
482
482
482
A387C
A387D
A387E
A387F
A 209
A209A
A209B
1022
1022
1000
550
550
537
900
900
900
482
482
482
A 204
A 204
A 204
A213A
A213B
A213C
A213D
A213E
A213F
1022
1202
1200
1200
1200
1200
550
650
648
648
648
648
900
900
900
900
900
900
482
482
482
482
482
482
A387A
A387B
A387C
A387D
A387E
A387F
Seam less cold- drawn
int erm ediat e alloy
st eel heat exchanger
and condenser t ubes:
DI N 17175*
DI N 17175*
( T21)
VdTUV007*
13Cr
10Cr
3Cr 12Cr
Mo44*
Mo910*
.9Mo
Mo195G
Seam less carbonm olybdenum alloy
st eel boiler and
superheat er t ubes:
DI N 17175* 15 Mo3*
( T1A)
C - .5Mo
( T1B)
C - .5Mo
Seam less ferrit ic and
aust enit ic alloy st eel
boiler, superheat er,
and heat exchanger
t ubes:
( T2)
DI N17175*
DI N17175*
DI N17175*
( T21)
VdTUV007*
28-48
.5Cr - .5Mo
13Cr Mo44*
13Cr Mo44*
10Cr Mo910*
3Cr - .9Mo
12Cr Mo195G*
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
D I N Fe r r ou s Tu be M a t e r ia ls - H igh Alloy
St e e l
D I N * or
D e scr ipt ion a nd
ASTM Spe c N om in a l
and
Com post ion
( Gr a de )
Syst e m I n t e r n a l
M a t e r ia l Pr e ssur e
Sym bol M a x im u m
Te m p.
F
C
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssu r e
M a x im u m
Te m p.
F
C
Syst e m
D e fa ult
Tube she e t
M a t e r ia l
( Pla t e )
DI N 17458* Seam less Ferrit ic and
aust enit ic alloy st eel
boiler, superheat er,
and heat exchanger
t ubes:
X5Cr Ni1810*
X2Cr Ni1911*
X5Cr Ni Mo17122*
304S
304LS
316S
1472
797
1472
800
425
800
842
752
842
450
400
450
SS304
304L
SS316
X2Cr Ni Mo18143*
X6Cr Ni Ti1810*
X6Cr Ni Nb1810*
X10 Cr13*
316LS
321S
347S
410S
842
1472
1472
752
450
800
800
400
842
842
842
752
450
450
450
400
316L
SS321
SS347
SS410
X5Cr Ni1810*
X2Cr Ni1911*
X5Cr Ni Mo17122*
304W
304LW
316W
1472
797
1472
800
425
800
842
752
842
450
400
450
SS304
304L
SS316
X2Cr Ni Mo18143*
X6Cr Ni Ti1810*
X6 Cr Ni Nb 1810*
X10 Cr 13*
316LW
321W
347W
410W
842
1472
1472
752
450
800
800
400
842
842
842
752
450
450
450
400
316L
SS321
SS347
SS410
600
315
650
343
S2205
DI N 17457* Welded aust enit ic
st eel boiler
superheat er, heat
exchanger, and
condenser t ubes:
A- 789
( S31803)
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
Welded duplex
aust enit ic st eel t ubes:
22Cr - 5Ni - 3Mo
2205W
28-49
D I N N on - Fe r r ou s Tu be M a t e r ia ls
D I N * or ASTM D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om in a l
Spe c a n d
Com post ion
( Gr a de )
DI N
DI N
DI N
DI N
1787*
1785*
17664*
17664*
DI N 1785*
( 444)
( 445)
Seam less copper
and copper alloy
t ubes for use in
surface
condensers,
evaporat ors and
heat exchangers:
SF Cu*
Cu Zn20 Al2*
Cu Ni10 Fe1 Mn*
Cu Ni30 Mn1 Fe*
Adm iralt y Brass
Cu Zn28 Sn1*
Syst e m I n t e r n a l
M a t e r ia l Pr e ssur e
Sym bol M a x im u m
Te m p.
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssu r e
M a x im u m
Te m p.
Syst e m
D e fa ult
Tube she e t
M a t e r ia l
( Pla t e )
F
C
CA122
CA687
CA706
CA715
392
392
572
662
200
200
300
350
150
150
150
700
66
66
66
371
A285C
A285C
A285C
A285C
CA443
CA444
CA445
437
450
450
225
232
232
350
350
350
176
176
176
A285C
A285C
A285C
F
C
Seam less colddrawn nickel t ubes
for general
corrosive service:
DI N 17752*
( 201)
LC Ni 99F34*
Ni- Low C
NI 200
NI 201
600
1200
315
648
600
1000
315
537
NI 200
NI 201
DI N 17751*
Monel
Ni Cu30 Fe F45
MONEL
887
475
752
400
MONEL
I NCNL
or
I 600
1202
650
1000
537
I NCNL
I 800
1472
800
1000
537
I 800
I 825
1000
537
700
371
I 825
800
426
800
426
HASTB
1000
537
1000
537
HASTC
C 20
800
426
800
426
C 20
T150A
662
350
600
315
T150A
VdTUV
Wbl.305*
I nconel
Ni Cr15 Fe*
VdTUV
Wbl.412
I ncoloy
X10 Ni Cr Al Ti
3220*
Ni Cr21 Mo*
VdTUv
Wbl.432*
28-50
B- 619
( B)
Hast elloy
Ni - Mo
( C- 276)
Ni - Mo - Cr
B- 468
( 20Cb)
Carpent er 20
Cr - Ni - Fe - Mo Cu - Cb
B- 338
( 2)
Tit anium
Ti
HAST or
HASTB
HASTC
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
EN 1 3 4 4 5 D e sign Code - Pla t e
M a t e r ia ls
EN Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - Ca r bon St e e l
EN or
D e scr ipt ion a nd
ASTM
N om ina l Com posit ion
Spe cific
a t ion
Syst e m I n t e r n a l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r na l Pr e ssur e
M a t e r ia l M a x im u m Te m p. M a x im um Te m p.
F
C
F
C
EN
10028- 2
P235GH
1.0345
N
Low and int erm ediat e
st rengt h carbon st eel
plat es of st ruct ural
qualit y
A 36
752
400
752
400
EN
10028- 2
P235GH
1.0345
N
Low and int erm ediat e
st rengt h carbon st eel
plat es for pressure
vessels
A 285 or
A 285 C
or CS
752
400
752
400
EN
10028- 2
P235GH
1.0345
N
Carbon- m anganesesilicon st eel plat es for
plat es for pressure
vessels
A 299
752
400
752
400
A 455
752
400
752
400
EN
10028- 3
P355NH
1.0565 n
Carbon st eel plat es for
A 515
pressure vessels for
int erm ediat e and higher
t em perat ure service:
C- Si
752
400
752
400
EN
10028- 3
P355NH
1.0565
Carbon st eel plat es for
pressure vessels for
m oderat e and lower
t em perat ure service C- Si
A 516
752
400
752
400
EN
10028- 2
P235GH
1.0345
N
Carbon st eel plat es for
A 537
pressure vessels for low
t em perat ure service
C- Mn- Si
752
400
752
400
EN
Pressure vessel plat es,
10028- 2 carbon st eel, high
P235GH st rengt h m anganese
1.0345
N
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-51
EN Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - Low Alloy St e e l
EN or
D e scr ipt ion a nd
ASTM
N om in a l
Spe cific Com posit ion
a t ion
Syst e m I n t e r n a l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r n a l Pr e ssur e
M a t e r ia l M a x im u m Te m p. M a x im um Te m p.
F
C
F
C
Manganese m olybdenum and
m anganesem olybdenum - nickel
alloy st eel plat es for
pressure vessels:
EN
Mn - .5Mo
10028- 2
16Mo3
1.5415 N
A302A
932
500
932
500
EN
Mn - .5Mo
10028- 2
16Mo3
1.5415 N
A302B
932
500
932
500
Pressure vessel plat es,
ally st eel. chrom ium m olybdenum :
28-52
EN
10028- 6
P460QH
1.8871
QT
.5Cr - .5Mo
A387A
572
300
572
300
EN
10028- 6
P460QH
1.8871
QT
.5Cr - .5Mo
A387G
572
300
572
300
EN
.1Cr - .5Mo
10028- 2
13CrMo4
-5
1.7335
NT
A387B
932
500
932
500
EN
.1Cr - .5Mo
10028- 2
13CrMo4
-5
1.7335
NT
A387H
932
500
932
500
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
EN or
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om in a l
ASTM
Spe cific Com posit ion
a t ion
Syst e m I n t e r n a l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r n a l Pr e ssur e
M a t e r ia l M a x im u m Te m p. M a x im um Te m p.
F
C
F
C
EN
2.25Cr - .1Mo
10028- 2
10CrMo9
- 10
1.7380
NT
A387D
932
500
932
500
EN
2.25Cr - .1Mo
10028- 2
10CrMo9
- 10
1.7380
NT
A553K
932
500
932
500
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-53
EN Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - H igh Alloy St e e l
EN or
D e scr ipt ion a nd
ASTM
N om ina l Com posit ion
Spe cific
a t ion
Syst e m I n t e r n a l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r na l Pr e ssur e
M a t e r ia l M a x im u m Te m p. M a x im um Te m p.
F
C
F
C
Chrom ium and
chrom ium - nickel
st ainless st eel plat e,
sheet , and st rip for
fusion- welded unfired
pressure vessels:
28-54
EN
18Cr - 8Ni
10028- 7
X2CrNi
18- 10
1.4301A
T
340L
1022
550
1022
550
18Cr - 8Ni
EN
10028- 7
X2CrNi
18- 10
1.4301A
T
SS304
1022
550
1022
550
EN
16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo
10028- 7
X5CrNiM
o 17- 122
1.4401
AT
316L
1022
550
1022
550
EN
16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo
10028- 7
X5CrNiM
o 17- 122
1.4401
AT
SS316
1022
550
1022
550
EN
18Cr - 10Ni - Ti
10028- 7
X6CrNiTi
18- 10
1.4541
AT
SS321
1022
550
1022
550
EN
18Cr - 10Ni - Cb
10028- 7
X6CrNiN
b18- 10
1.4550
AT
SS347
1022
550
1022
550
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
EN or
D e scr ipt ion a nd
ASTM
N om ina l Com posit ion
Spe cific
a t ion
Syst e m I n t e r n a l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r na l Pr e ssur e
M a t e r ia l M a x im u m Te m p. M a x im um Te m p.
F
C
F
C
EN
18Cr - 10Ni - Cb
10028- 7
X6CrNiN
b18- 10
1.4550
AT
SS348
1022
550
1022
550
EN
22Cr - 5Ni - 3Mo
10028- 7 ( Duplex)
X2CrNiM
oN22- 53
1.4462
AT
S2205
482
250
482
250
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-55
EN 1 3 4 4 5 D e sign Code - Tu be
M a t e r ia ls
EN Fe r r ou s Tu be M a t e r ia ls - Ca r bon St e e l
EN or
D e scr ipt ion a nd
Syst e m
ASTM
N om ina l Com posit ion M a t e r ia lSym b
Spe cific
ol
a t ion
I nternal
Pr e ssur e
M a x im u
m Te m p.
F
F
Syst e m
D e fa ult
Tube she e t
M a t e r ia l
C ( Pla t e )
A- 179
842 450
842 450 A 516
EN
Seam less carbon st eel
10216- 2 boiler t ubes for highP235GH pressure service
1.0345
N
A- 192
842 450
842 450 A 516
EN
Seam less m edium
10216- 2 carbon st eel boiler and
P235GH superheat er t ubes
1.0345
N
A- 210
842 450
842 450 A 516
A- 214
752 400
752 400 A 516
A- 334
842 450
842 450 A 516
EN
10216- 2
P235GH
1.0345
N
EN
10216- 2
P235GH
1.0345
N
Seam less cold- drawn
low- carbon st eel heat
exchanger and
condenser t ubes.
Elect ric- resist ancewelded carbon st eel
heat exchanger and
condenser t ubes
EN
Seam less carbon st eel
10216- 2 t ubes for low
P235GH t em perat ure service
1.0345
N
28-56
C
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssu r e
M a x im u
m Te m p.
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
EN Fe r r ou s Tu be M a t e r ia ls - Low Alloy St e e l
EN or
D e scr ipt ion a nd
ASTM
N om ina l
Spe cific Com posit ion
a t ion
Syst e m I n t e r n a l
M a t e r ia l Pr e ssur e
Sym bol M a x im u m
Te m p.
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssu r e
M a x im u m
Te m p.
F
C
F
C
Syst e m
D e fa ult
Tube she e t
M a t e r ia l
( Pla t e )
Seam less cold- drawn
int erm ediat e alloy
st eel heat exchanger
and condenser t ubes:
EN
1.25Cr - .5 Mo - Si
10216- 2
X11CrMo
5
1.7362 I
A- 199C
932
500
932
500
A387C
EN
3Cr- .9Mo
10216- 2
10CrMo9
- 10
1.7380
NT or QT
A199E
932
500
932
500
A387E
Seam less ferrit ic and
aust enit ic alloy st eel
boiler, superheat er,
and heat exchanger
t ubes:
EN
.5Cr
10216- 2
14MoV63
1.7715
NT or QT
- .5Mo
A213A
1022
550
1022
550
A387A
EN
1Cr
10216- 2
13CrMo4
-5
1.7335
NT or QT
- .5Mo
A213B
932
500
932
500
A387B
EN
2.25Cr - 1Mo
10216- 2
10CrMo9
- 10
1.7380
NT or QT
A213D
932
500
932
500
A387D
EN
5Cr
10216- 2
X11CrMo
5
1.7362 I
A213F
932
500
932
500
A387F
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
- .5Mo
28-57
EN Fe r r ou s Tu be M a t e r ia ls - H igh Alloy St e e l
EN or
D e scr ipt ion a nd
ASTM
N om ina l
Spe cific Com posit ion
a t ion
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
I nternal
Pr e ssu r e
M a x im u m
Te m p.
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssu r e
M a x im u m
Te m p.
F
C
F
C
Syst e m
D e fa ult
Tube she e t
M a t e r ia l
( Pla t e )
Seam less Ferrit ic
and aust enit ic alloy
st eel boiler,
superheat er, and
heat exchanger
t ubes:
EN
18Cr - 8Ni
10216- 5
X5CrNi18
- 10
1.4301
AT
304S
1022
550
1022
550
SS304
EN
10216- 5
X5CrNi
19- 11
1.4306
AT
304LS
1022
550
1022
550
304L
EN
16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo
10216- 5
X5CrNiM
o17- 12- 2
1.4401
AT
316S
1022
550
1022
550
SS316
EN
16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo
10216- 5
X2CrNiM
o17- 12- 2
1.4404
AT
316LS
1022
550
1022
550
316L
EN
10216- 5
X6CrNiTi
18- 10
1.4541
AT
321S
1022
550
1022
550
SS321
347S
1022
550
1022
550
SS347
18Cr - 8Ni
18Cr - 10Ni - Ti
EN
18Cr - 10Ni - Cb
10216- 5
X6CrNiNb
18- 10
1.4550
AT
28-58
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
EN or
D e scr ipt ion a nd
ASTM
N om ina l
Spe cific Com posit ion
a t ion
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
I nternal
Pr e ssu r e
M a x im u m
Te m p.
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssu r e
M a x im u m
Te m p.
F
C
F
C
Syst e m
D e fa ult
Tube she e t
M a t e r ia l
( Pla t e )
Welded aust enit ic
st eel boiler
superheat er, heat
exchanger, and
condenser t ubes:
EN
18Cr - 8Ni
10217- 7
X5CrNi18
- 10
1.4301
AT
304W
1022
550
1022
550
SS304
EN
18Cr - 8Ni
10217- 7
X2CrNi19
- 11
1.4306
AT
304LW
1022
550
1022
550
304L
EN
16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo
10217- 7
X5CrNiM
o17- 12- 2
1.4401
AT
316W
1022
550
1022
550
SS316
EN
16Cr - 12Ni - 2Mo
10217- 7
X5CrNiM
o17- 12- 2
1.4404
AT
316LW
1022
550
1022
550
316L
EN
10217- 7
X6CrNiTi
18- 10
1.4541
AT
321W
1022
550
1022
550
SS321
18Cr - 10Ni - Ti
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-59
EN or
D e scr ipt ion a nd
N om ina l
ASTM
Spe cific Com posit ion
a t ion
EN
18Cr - 10Ni - Cb
10217- 7
X6CrNiNb
18- 10
1.4550
AT
EN
10217- 7
X2CrNiM
olN22- 53
1.4462
AT
28-60
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
347W
I nternal
Pr e ssu r e
M a x im u m
Te m p.
Ex t e r na l
Pr e ssu r e
M a x im u m
Te m p.
Syst e m
D e fa ult
Tube she e t
M a t e r ia l
( Pla t e )
F
C
F
C
1022
550
1022
550
SS347
482
250
482
250
S2205
Welded duplex
aust enit ic st eel
t ubes:
22Cr - 5Ni - 3Mo
2205W
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
GB 1 5 0 D e sign Code - Pla t e
M a t e r ia ls
GB 1 5 0 Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - Ca r bon
St e e l
GB M a t e r ia l GB M a t e r ia l
St a nda r d
D e sign a t ion
D e scr ipt ion /
Com posit ion /
N ot e s
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
I nt e r na l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r na l Pr e ssur e
M a x im um Te m p. M a x im um Te m p.
F
C
F
C
GB 3274
Q235B
St eel plat es for
A 36
pressure vessels and
boilers
662
350
900
482
GB 66541996
GB 7132008
16MnR
Q345R
St eel plat es for
A 299
pressure vessels and
boilers
887
475
900
482
GB 66541996
GB 7132008
16MnR
Q345R
St eel plat es for
A 515
pressure vessels and
boilers
887
475
900
482
GB 66541996
GB 7132008
16MnR
Q345R
St eel plat es for
A 516
pressure vessels and
boilers
887
475
900
482
GB 3274
Q235- C
Carbon and low alloy A283C
st ruct ural st eel,
rolled plat es, and
st rip
752
400
900
482
GB 66541996
GB 7132008
20R
Q245R
St eel plat es for
A285C
pressure vessels and
boilers
887
475
900
482
GB 66541996
GB 7132008
20R
Q245R
St eel plat es for
CS
pressure vessels and
boilers
887
475
900
482
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-61
GB 1 5 0 Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - Low Alloy
St e e l
GB M a t e r ia l GB M a t e r ia l
St a nda r d
D e sign a t ion
D e scr ipt ion /
Com posit ion /
N ot e s
F
C
F
C
GB 7132008
15CrMoR
St eel plat es for
A387H
pressure vessels and
boilers
1022
550
900
482
GB 7132008
14Cr1MoR
St eel plat es for
A387J
pressure vessels and
boilers
1022
550
900
482
28-62
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
I nt e r na l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r na l Pr e ssur e
M a x im um Te m p. M a x im um Te m p.
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
GB1 5 0 Fe r r ou s Pla t e M a t e r ia ls - H igh Alloy
St e e l
GB M a t e r ia l GB M a t e r ia l
St a nda r d
D e sign a t ion
D e scr ipt ion /
Com posit ion /
N ot e s
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
I nt e r na l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r na l Pr e ssur e
M a x im um Te m p. M a x im um Te m p.
F
C
F
C
GB 7132008
15CrMoR
St eel plat es for
A387B
pressure vessels and
boilers
1022
550
900
482
GB 7132008
14CrMoR
A387C
St eel plat es for
pressure vessels and
boilers
1022
550
900
482
GB 7132008
18MnMoNbR
St eel plat es for
A553A
pressure vessels and
boilers
887
475
650
343
GB 66541996
GB 7132008
13MnNiMoR
St eel plat es for
A553B
pressure
vessels
and
13MnNiMoNbR
boilers
752
400
650
343
GB 66541996
GB 7132008
13MnNiMoR
St eel plat es for
A553C
13MnNiMoNbR pressure vessels and
boilers
752
400
650
343
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-63
GB1 5 0 D e sign Code - Tu be
M a t e r ia ls
GB1 5 0 Fe r r ou s Tu be M a t e r ia ls - Ca r bon
St e e l
D e scr ipt ion /
Com posit ion /
N ot e s
F
C
F
C
GB/ T 81632008
10
Seam less st eel t ubes A 179
for liquid service
842
450
900
482
GB/ T 81632008
10
Seam less st eel t ubes A 192
for liquid service
842
450
900
482
GB/ T 81632008
10
A 214
842
450
900
482
GB/ T 53002008
20G
Seam less st eel t ubes A210A
and pipes for high
pressure boilers
842
450
900
482
GB/ T 53002008
16Mn
High- pressure
A210C
seam less st eel t ubes
for chem ical fert ilizer
equipm ent s
887
475
900
482
GB/ T 81632008
10
Seam less st eel t ubes CS
and pipes for high
pressure boilers
842
450
900
482
GB 6479
15MnV
High- pressure
A334A
seam less st eel t ubes
for chem ical fert ilizer
equipm ent s
752
400
650
343
GB 6479
15MnV
High- pressure
A334B
seam less st eel t ubes
for chem ical fert ilizer
equipm ent s
752
400
650
343
28-64
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
I nt e r na l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r na l Pr e ssur e
M a x im um Te m p. M a x im um Te m p.
GB M a t e r ia l GB M a t e r ia l
St a nda r d
D e sign a t ion
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
GB1 5 0 Fe r r ou s Tu be M a t e r ia ls - Low Alloy
St e e l
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
I nt e r na l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r na l Pr e ssur e
M a x im um Te m p. M a x im um Te m p.
GB M a t e r ia l GB M a t e r ia l
St a nda r d
D e sign a t ion
D e scr ipt ion /
Com posit ion /
N ot e s
F
C
F
C
GB/ T 53102008
12Cr1MoVG
Seam less st eel t ubes A199C
and pipes for high
pressure boilers
1067
575
900
482
GB/ T 53102008
12Cr2Mo
Seam less st eel t ubes A199D
and pipes for high
pressure boilers
1067
575
900
482
GB/ T 53102008
12CrMo
Seam less st eel t ubes A213A
and pipes for high
pressure boilers
977
525
900
482
GB/ T 53102008
15CrMo
Seam less st eel t ubes A213B
and pipes for high
pressure boilers
1022
550
900
482
GB/ T 53102008
12Cr1MoVG
Seam less st eel t ubes A213C
and pipes for high
pressure boilers
1067
575
900
482
GB/ T 53102008
12Cr2Mo
Seam less st eel t ubes A213D
and pipes for high
pressure boilers
1067
575
900
482
GB/ T 53102008
1Cr5Mo
A213F
High- pressure
seam less st eel t ubes
for chem ical fert ilizer
equipm ent s
1112
600
900
482
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-65
GB1 5 0 Fe r r ou s Tu be M a t e r ia ls - H igh Alloy
St e e l
GB M a t e r ia l GB M a t e r ia l
St a nda r d
D e sign a t ion
D e scr ipt ion /
Com posit ion /
N ot e s
F
C
F
C
GB/ T 12771- 06Cr19Ni10
2008
Seam less st ainless
304S
st eel t ubes for liquid
delivery
1292
700
1000
538
GB/ T 12771- 022Cr19Ni10
2008
Welded st ainless
304W
st eel t ubes for liquid
delivery
1292
700
1000
538
GB/ T 12771- 022Cr19Ni10
2008
304LS
Seam less st ainless
st eel t ubes for liquid
delivery
797
425
800
427
GB/ T 12771- 022Cr19Ni10
2008
Welded st ainless
304LW
st eel t ubes for liquid
delivery
797
425
800
427
GB/ T 12771- 06Cr17Ni12Mo Seam less st ainless
316S
2008
2
st eel t ubes for liquid
delivery
1292
700
1000
538
GB/ T 12771- 06Cr17Ni12Mo Welded st ainless
316W
2008
2
st eel t ubes for liquid
delivery
1292
700
1000
538
GB/ T 12771- 022Cr17Ni12M Seam less st ainless
316LS
2008
o2
st eel t ubes for liquid
delivery
842
450
850
454
GB/ T 12771- 022Cr17Ni12M Welded st ainless
316LW
2008
o2
st eel t ubes for liquid
delivery
842
450
850
454
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
I nt e r na l Pr e ssur e Ex t e r na l Pr e ssur e
M a x im um Te m p. M a x im um Te m p.
GB/ T 12771- 06Cr18Ni11Ti
2008
Seam less st ainless
321S
st eel t ubes for liquid
delivery
1292
700
100
538
GB/ T 12771- 06Cr18Ni11Ti
2008
Welded st ainless
321W
st eel t ubes for liquid
delivery
1292
700
100
538
GB/ T 12771- 06Cr13
2008
Seam less st ainless
410S
st eel t ubes for liquid
delivery
1112
600
900
482
GB/ T 12771- 06Cr13
2008
410W
Welded st ainless
st eel t ubes for liquid
delivery
1112
600
900
482
28-66
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
Lin in g M a t e r ia ls
Br ick : Acid- Re sist a n t Applie d Ove r
M e m br a n e - Lin e d Ca r bon St e e l
Lining M a t e r ia l D e scr ipt ion
I n che s
MM
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
Red shale brick
2.5
4.5
8.0
62
112
200
25RSB
45RSB
80RSB
Fireclay, 30 percent alum ina
2.5
4.5
9.0
62
112
225
25AFC
45AFC
45AFC
Lining M a t e r ia l D e scr ipt ion
I n che s
MM
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
I nsulat ing firebrick
2.5
4.5
9.0
62
112
225
25I FB
45I FB
90I FB
60 percent alum ina firebrick
2.5
4.5
9.0
62
112
225
25FB6
45FB6
90FB6
90 percent alum ina firebrick
2.5
4.5
9.0
62
112
225
25FB9
45FB9
90FB9
Br ick : Fir e br ick
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-67
M on olit h ic Lin in g
Lining M a t e r ia l D e scr ipt ion
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
Applied t o surface wit h anchors on 12 I NCH [ 300 MM] cent ers
50 percent alum ina refract ory gunning m ix
GUNA5
90 percent alum ina refract ory gunning m ix
GUNA9
90 percent alum ina cast able refract ory
CASA9
Applied t o bare surface
50 percent alum ina refract ory gunning m ix
90 percent alum ina refract ory gunning m ix
90 percent alum ina cast able refract ory
GUN50
GUN90
CAS90
Applied over wire m esh reinforcem ent
GUNI T
Gunit e
Abr a sion Re sist a n t Lin in gs; Re pla ce a ble
Only for use wit h:
•
equipm ent it em s – wat er cyclones and linings
•
plant bulk it em s – st eel fabricat ed plat e
Lining M a t e r ia l D e scr ipt ion
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
Replaceable ceram ic liner backed wit h uret hane elast om er for CERML
light abrasion and light im pact
Replaceable ceram ic liner backed wit h uret hane elast om er for CERMM
m edium abrasion and light im pact
Replaceable ceram ic liner backed wit h uret hane elast om er for CERMH
heavy abrasion and light im pact
Replaceable ceram ic liner backed wit h uret hane elast om er for CERMV
heavy abrasion and heavy im pact
28-68
Replaceable abrasion- resist ant st eel plat e lining ( 1 I NCH [ 25
MM] t hick unless ot herwise specified)
ABRPL
Replaceable rubber lining ( 1 I NCH [ 25 MM] t hick unless
ot herwise specified)
REPRB
Replaceable SS304 plat e lining ( 1 I NCH [ 25 MM] t hick unless
ot herwise specified)
LS304
Replaceable SS316 plat e lining ( 1 I NCH [ 25 MM] t hick unless
ot herwise specified)
LS316
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
Lin in gs: Or ga n ic, Gla ss, M e t a llic
Lining M a t e r ia l D e scr ipt ion
Syst e m
M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
Asphalt ic Resin Lining ( over Carbon St eel)
ASRSN
Epoxy Resin Lining ( over Carbon St eel)
EPLCS
Phenolic Resin Lining ( over Carbon St eel)
PHRSN
Kynar Sheet Lining ( over Carbon St eel)
PVDF
Teflon Sheet Lining ( over Carbon St eel)
TFELS
Glass Lining ( over Carbon St eel)
GSLCS
1/ 4 I NCH [ 6 MM] But yl Rubber Lining ( over Carbon St eel)
BUTYL
1/ 4 I NCH [ 6 MM] Neoprene Sheet Lining ( over Carbon St eel)
NEPNE
1/ 4 I NCH [ 6 MM] Soft Nat ural Rubber Sheet Lining ( over Carbon St eel)
NATRB
1/ 4 I NCH [ 6 MM] Nit rile Rubber Lining ( over Carbon St eel)
NI TRL
1/ 4 I NCH [ 6 MM] Hypalon Rubber Lining ( over Carbon St eel)
HYPLN
1/ 4 I NCH [ 6 MM] Ebonit e Lining ( over Carbon St eel)
EBONT
16 PSF [ 80 KG/ M2] Chem ical Lead Lining
CLEAD
I norganic Zinc Coat ing applied by brush t o 3 M [ 0.08 MM] t hickness
I - ZN
Flam e sprayed Zinc Coat ing 8 MI L [ 0.20 MM] t hickness
ZNMZL
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-69
Ca st in g M a t e r ia ls
M a t e r ia l Cla ssifica t ion
Ca st in g M a t e r ia l D e scr ipt ion Syst e m M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
Alum inum Alloys
Alum inum
I ron and St eel Alloys
Low-Alloy
Low-Alloy
Low-Alloy
Low-Alloy
AL
St eel Grade B
St eel Grade E
St eel Grade C
St eel
Carbon St eel
Low-Alloy St eel
Low-Alloy St eel
Low-Alloy St eel
Low-Alloy St eel
B
A
B
C
A 299
A 302
A387A
A387B
A387C
Low-Alloy St eel Grade D
Low-Alloy St eel Grade E
Carbon St eel Grade 60
Carbon St eel
Carbon St eel Grade 70
A387D
A387E
A 442
A 455
A 515
Carbon St eel Grade 70
Low-Alloy St eel Grade 1A
Low-Alloy St eel Grade 1B
Low-Alloy St eel Grade 1C
9 Percent Nickel St eel
Carbon St eel
A 516
A533A
A533B
A533C
A 553
A285S
or CS
CI
Grade
Grade
Grade
Grade
Cast I ron
St ainless St eel Alloys
A203B
A203E
A 204
A 283
Type 304 St ainless St eel
Type 304L St ainless St eel
Type 316 St ainless St eel
SS304
or SS
304L
SS316
Type
Type
Type
Type
Type
316L
SS321
SS347
SS410
SS430
316L St ainless St eel
321 St ainless St eel
347 St ainless St eel
410 St ainless St eel
430 St ainless St eel
- cont inued next page -
28-70
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
M a t e r ia l Cla ssifica t ion
Ca st in g M a t e r ia l D e scr ipt ion Syst e m M a t e r ia l
Sym bol
Ot her Alloys
Nickel
I nconel
Monel
Tit anium
Carpent er 20
NI
I NCNL
MONEL
TI
C 20
Ot her Mat erials Available
Only On Pum ps Where
Designat ed
SS304 I m peller, CS Casing
SS316 I m peller, CS Casing
Goulds Alloy 20
High Nickel Alloy
High Nickel Alloy
304SF
316SF
GAL20
I SO B
I SO C
CASTS
Cast St eel
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-71
Pa ck in g M a t e r ia ls
Pa ck in g Type
Size
I nche s
Pa ck in g M a t e r ia l
Pa ck in g Type
Sym bol
MM
Act ivat ed carbon
-
-
Carbon
ACT- C
Alum ina
-
-
Alum ina
ALMNA
Berl saddles
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.5
15
20
25
40
Ceram ic
0.5CBS
.75CBS
1.0CBS
1.5CBS
Berl saddles
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.5
15
20
25
40
Porcelain
0.5PBS
.75PBS
1.0PBS
1.5PBS
Calcium chloride
-
-
Calcium chloride
CACL
Coke
-
-
Coke
COKE
Crushed lim est one
-
-
Lim est one
LI ME
Cr ushed st one
-
-
St one
STONE
Dirt ( eart h)
-
-
Eart h
DI RT
Gravel
-
-
Gravel
GRAVEL
I NTALOX saddles
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
15
25
40
50
Ceram ic
0.5CI S
1.0CI S
1.5CI S
2.0CI S
I NTALOX saddles
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
15
25
40
50
Porcelain
0.5PI S
1.0PI S
1.5PI S
2.0PI S
Pall rings
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
15
25
40
50
Polypropylene
0.5PPR
1.0PPR
1.5PPR
2.0PPR
Pall rings
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
15
25
40
50
St ainless st eel
0.5SPR
1.0SPR
1.5SPR
2.0SPR
Raschig rings
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.5
2.0
3.0
15
20
25
40
50
75
Ceram ic
0.5CRR
.75CRR
1.0CRR
1.5CRR
2.0CRR
3.0CRR
- Cont inued on next page-
28-72
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
Pa ck in g Type
Size
I nche s
Pa ck in g M a t e r ia l
Pa ck in g Type
Sym bol
MM
Raschig rings
1.0
1.5
2.0
3.0
25
40
50
75
Porcelain
1.0PRR
1.5PRR
2.0PRR
3.0PRR
Raschig rings
1.0
1.5
2.0
3.0
25
40
50
75
St ainless st eel
1.0SRR
1.5SRR
2.0SRR
3.0SRR
Raschig rings
1.0
1.5
2.0
3.0
25
40
50
75
Carbon st eel
1.0FRR
1.5FRR
2.0FRR
3.0FRR
Resin
-
-
Resin
RESI N
Sand
-
-
Sand
SAND
Silica gel
-
-
Silica gel
S- GEL
Telleret t es H.D.
1.0
25
Polyet hylene
HD- P-T
Telleret t es L.D.
1.0
25
Polyet hylene
LD- P-T
13X Molecular Sieve
13XMS
PVC St ruct ured Packing 68 SF/ CF [ 223 M2/ M3]
68PVC
CPVC St ruct ured Packing 68 SF/ CF [ 223 M2/ M3]
68CPVC
Cascade rings
1.0
2.0
3.0
25
50
75
Ceram ic
1.0CCR
2.0CCR
3.0CCR
Cascade rings
1.0
2.0
3.0
25
50
75
Polypropylene
1.0PCR
2.0PCR
3.0PCR
Cascade rings
1.0
1.5
2.0
3.0
4.0
25
40
50
75
100
St ainless st eel
1.0SCR
1.5SCR
2.0SCR
3.0SCR
4.0SCR
St eel st ruct ured
packing 45° angle
of vert ical
orient at ion
107
76
62
35
350
250
205
115
410S St ainless st eel
M107YA
M76YA
M62YA
M35YA
St eel st ruct ured
packing 45° angle
of vert ical
orient at ion
107
76
62
35
350
250
205
115
304 St ainless st eel
M107YB
M76YB
M62YB
M35YB
St eel st ruct ured
packing 45° angle
of vert ical
orient at ion
107
76
62
35
350
250
205
115
316L St ainless st eel
M107YC
M76YC
M62YC
M35YC
- cont inued on next page -
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-73
Pa ck in g Type
Size
I nche s
28-74
Pa ck in g M a t e r ia l
Pa ck in g Type
Sym bol
MM
St eel st ruct ured
packing 60° angle
of vert ical
orient at ion
76
35
250
115
410S St ainless st eel
M76XA
M35XA
St eel st ruct ured
packing 60° angle
of vert ical
orient at ion
76
35
250
115
304 St ainless st eel
M76XB
M35XB
St eel st ruct ured
packing 60° angle
of vert ical
orient at ion
76
35
250
115
316L St ainless st eel
M76XC
M35XC
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
28-75
28-76
2 8 M a t e r ia l Se le ct ion s ( G1 0 )
2 9 Un it s of M e a su r e
( G6 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
I nt roduct ion t o Unit s of Measure
Unit s of Measure
Lengt h
Area
Volum e
Mass
Mass per Lengt h
Mass per Volum e
Pressure
Velocit y
Flow Rat es
Elect r ic
Pow er
Viscosit y
Angular
Ot her
Miscellaneous Useful Const ant s
Proj ect Specificat ions and t heir Use of Unit s of Measur e
Special Unit s of Measure
Lengt h and Area Unit s
Volum e Unit s
Mass and Unit Mass
Pressure Unit s
Velocit y and Flow Rat e Unit s
Pow er Unit s
Viscosit y Unit s
2 9 Un it s of M e a su r e ( G6 )
29-1
I n t r odu ct ion t o Un it s of
M e a su r e
I carus syst em s provide a choice of t wo set s of unit s of m easure:
•
I - P ( I nch- Pound)
•
METRI C ( Met ric) .
The user m ust select t he desired set indirect ly ( by specifying t he count ry base
locat ion) or direct ly. Once t he appropriat e set is select ed, t he user m ay wish t o
redefine one or m ore variables from t he base unit s of m easure t o som e ot her
m easure. The Unit s of Measure Dat a provides t he m eans of ident ifying t he
conversion.
The user should refer t o unit s of m easure lat er in t his chapt er for t he basic
definit ions of variables and t heir associat ed unit s of m easure for I - P and
METRI C set s. Along wit h t hese definit ions are conversion m ult ipliers for
relat ing I - P t o METRI C unit s. Each line bearing a t w o- digit Type Num ber is a
candidat e for user redefinit ion. The t ype num ber is used t o ident ify t he specific
unit of m easure t o be redefined. The user would t hen provide a new nam e for
t hat unit of m easure and t he appropriat e conversion m ult iplier t o convert fr om
t he base unit of m easure t o t he desired unit of m easure.
The following special unit s of m easure are not charact erized by a Type Num ber
and sim ple conversion m ult iplier:
•
Tem perat ure - User m ay define t em perat ure t o be in DEG C, DEG F or
DEG K.
•
Process Pipe Size ( diam et er and t hickness dim ensions only) - User m ay
specify process pipe t o be designed in I NCH or MM unit s of m easure,
independent ly of ot her linear unit s of m easure.
•
Driver Power - User m ay specify dr ivers t o be specified, sized, select ed,
report ed in HP or KW.
N ot e s of Ca u t ion
All user- provided num eric values for dim ensions, sizes, ext ent s, int ensit ies,
flows, et c., are considered by t he syst em t o conform t o t hose unit s of m easure
select ed and/ or defined by t he user. I t is t he user ’s r esponsibilit y t o be
const ant ly aware of t he unit s of m easure so select ed t hroughout t he ent ire
exercise of pr eparing proj ect dat a for t he syst em . The user is caut ioned t hat
variable r edefinit ion fr om syst em base t o a user unit of m easure could have
unpredict able downst ream effect s, for exam ple, in select ion of plat es, wire,
t ubing, pipe, et c. Furt her, t he user is caut ioned t hat each base set of unit s, I - P
and METRI C, has it s own special set of default values; t he pair of default
values are not necessarily relat ed t o one anot her by usual conversion
relat ionships; each is est ablished by it self as a reasonable value in t he base
unit of m easure. Once t he user ’s set of unit s of m easure is est ablished, default
values are evaluat ed as follows:
•
29-2
Unit of Measure Conversion: are used t o convert t he base unit of m easure
default value by t he user ’s num eric value t o obt ain t he value of t he revised
default value in t he desired unit s of m easure.
2 9 Un it s of M e a su r e ( G6 )
•
No Unit of Measure Conversion: t he syst em uses t he default value
as t abulat ed.
Ex a m ple
•
METRI C base set select ed in Proj ect Tit le Dat a, and
•
Unit of m easure dat a used t o convert pressure in KPA ( METRI C) t o PSI G
using 0.14504 = 1/ 6.894757 as conversion for Type No. 18.
•
Turbine st eam pressure METRI C default is 2000 KPA, which, convert ed t o
PSI G, is 290.047549 PSI G. The PSI G value is used in sizing t he t urbine if
t he user does not ent er t he pressure value.
•
Cont rast t his value wit h t he I - P default value print ed in t he t urbine t able as
300 PSI G.
An ot h e r Ex a m ple
The METRI C base user will have all lengt h variables defined in t erm s of
m illim et ers, m et ers, et c. As a consequence, pipe sizes ( diam et ers) and wall
t hicknesses will be expect ed t o be specified, sized, select ed and report ed in
MM. Should t he METRI C base user desire pipe t o be specified, sized, select ed
and report ed in MM. Should t he METRI C base user desire pipe t o be specified,
sized, select ed and report ed as I NCH values, t he user m ust ent er t he
designat or I NCH in t he field labelled Pipe Size.
This not e of caut ion is t endered for t em perat ure and driver power a well as
pipe sizing.
Fin a l N ot e of Ca u t ion
The user of t his sect ion should exercise ext rem e care and deliberat ion in
redefining unit s of m easure. Since, once est ablished:
•
All user input is expect ed in t he defined unit s of m easure.
•
Default values subj ect t o conversions will not be in rounded num bers but
will be conver sions from base default values.
•
Select ion and design cr it eria m ay be im pact ed and affect ed by user
redefinit ion of unit s of m easure.
•
All report ing by t he syst em will conform t o t he select ed unit s of m easure.
•
The t rail of consequences of redefinit ions of t he unit s of m easure is one
especially difficult t o backt rack, especially if t hat variable affect s size
select ion of m at erials in a non- st andard way.
2 9 Un it s of M e a su r e ( G6 )
29-3
Un it s of M e a su r e
Type
N o.
Conve r sion
I n ch/ Pou n d
D e scr ipt ion
Sym bol
01
I nches
I NCHES
02
Feet
FEET
03
Miles ( st at ut e) MI LES
04
Mesh
05
06
M e t r ic
D e scr ipt ion
Sym bol
x 25.4
= Millim et ers
MM
x 0.3048
= Met ers
M
x 1.60934
= Kilom et ers
KM
MESH
x 1.0000
= Mesh
MESH
Square feet
SF
x 0.092903
= Square
m et ers
M2
Square yards
SY
x 0.836127
= Square
m et ers
M2
Le n gt h
Ar e a
Volum e
07
Cubic feet
CF
x 0.028317
= Cubic
m et ers
M3
08
Cubic yards
CY
x 0.76455
= Cubic
m et ers
M3
09
US Gallons
( 231 cubic
inches, no
unit s for UK
im perial
gallons)
GALLONS
x 0.00378541
= Cubic
m et ers
M3
10
Barrels ( 42
gallons)
BARRELS
x 0.1589873
= Cubic
m et ers
M3
11
Bags ( 94
pounds)
BAGS
x 0.852749
= Bags ( 50
kilogram s)
BAG- 50KG
48
Board feet
BDFT
x 0.0023597
= Cubic
m et ers
M3
12
Pounds
LBS
x 0.45359
= Kilogram s
KG
13
Tons ( 2000
pounds)
TONS
x 0.907185
= 1000
Kilogram s
TON
M a ss
M a ss pe r Le n gt h
29-4
14
Pounds per
foot
LB/ FT
x 1.488156
= Kilogram s/
m et er
KG/ M
15
Pounds per
yard
LB/ YD
x 0.496052
= Kilogram s/
m et er
KG/ M
2 9 Un it s of M e a su r e ( G6 )
Type
N o.
Conve r sion
I n ch/ Pou n d
D e scr ipt ion
Sym bol
M e t r ic
D e scr ipt ion
Sym bol
M a ss pe r Volum e
16
Pounds per
bat ch
LB/ BATCH
x 0.45359
= Kilogram s
per bat ch
KG/ BATCH
17
Pounds per
cubic foot
PCF
x 16.01829
= Kilogram s
per cubic
m et er
KG/ M3
Pr e ssur e
18
Pounds ( force) PSI G
per square
inch, gauge
x 6.894757
= Kilopascals KPA
( 1000 newt ons
per square
m et er)
19
I nches of
m ercury
I N HG
x 3.38638
= Kilopascals KPA
( 1000 newt ons
per square
m et er)
20
I nches of
wat er
I N H2O
x 249.082
= Pascals
PA
21
Millim et ers of
m ercury
( TORR)
MM HG
x 133.322
= Pascals
PA
22
Pounds ( force) PSF
per square
foot ( loading)
x 0.0478802
= Kilonewt ons KN/ M2
per square
m et er ( 1
newt on = 1 KG
m ass under 1
m et er/ sec2
accelerat ion)
Ve locit y
23
Feet per
m inut e
FPM
x 18.2880
= Met ers/ hour M/ H
24
Miles per hour MPH
x 1.60934
= Kilom et ers/
hour
KM/ H
25
Revolut ions
per m inut e
RPM
x 1.0000
= Revolut ions
per m inut e
RPM
na
Cycles per
second
HZ
( HZ is
frequent ly
used t o refer
t o local power
frequency)
x 1.0000
= Hert z
HZ
2 9 Un it s of M e a su r e ( G6 )
29-5
Type
N o.
Conve r sion
I n ch/ Pou n d
D e scr ipt ion
Sym bol
M e t r ic
D e scr ipt ion
Sym bol
Flow Ra t e s
26
Cubic feet per
m inut e
CFM
x 1.69901
= Cubic
m et ers per
hour
M3/ H
27
Cubic feet per
hour
CFH
x 0.028317
= Cubic
m et ers per
hour
M3/ H
28
Cubic feet per
m inut e per
square foot of
surface
CFM/ SF
x 18.28800
= Cubic
m et ers per
hour per
square m et er
of surface
M3/ H/ M2
29
Gallons per
m inut e
GPM
x 0.063090
Lit res per
second
L/ S
30
Gallons per
hour
GPH
x 0.003785
Cubic m et ers
per hour
M3/ H
31
Pounds per
hour
LB/ H
x 0.45359
Kilogram s/
hour
KG/ H
32
Tons per hour TPH
( short t ons, no
unit for long
t ons)
x 0.907185
= Tons per
hour
TON/ H
33
Tons per day
TPD
x 0.037799
= Tons per
hour
TON/ H
Ele ct r ic
34
Volt s
V
x 1.0
= Volt s
V
35
Kilovolt s
( 1000V)
KV
x 1.0
= Kilovolt s
KV
36
Am peres
A
x 1.0
= Am peres
A
37
Kiloam peres
( 1000A)
KA
x 1.0
= Kiloam peres KA
38
Wat t s
W
x 1.0
= Wat t s
W
39
Kilowat t s
( 1000W)
KW
x 1.0
= Kilowat t s
KW
40
Kilovoltam peres
( 1000V- A)
KVA
x 1.0
= Kilovoltam peres
KVA
na
Horsepower
HP
x 0.74570
= Kilowat t s
KW
41
Tons,
refrigerat ion
( 12000 BTU
per hour)
TONS- REF
x 3.51685
= Kilowat t s
KW
42
BTU per hour
BTU/ H
x 0.293071
= Wat t s
W
Pow e r
29-6
2 9 Un it s of M e a su r e ( G6 )
Type
N o.
Conve r sion
I n ch/ Pou n d
D e scr ipt ion
Sym bol
M e t r ic
D e scr ipt ion
Sym bol
43
Millions of BTU MMBTU/ H
per hour
x 0.293071
= Megawat t s
MEGAW
44
BTU per hour
per square
foot
x 3.15460
= Wat t s per
square m et er
W/ M2
45
BTU per pound BTU/ LB
x 2.32601
= Kiloj oules
per kilogram
KJ/ KG
BTU/ H/ SF
Viscosit y
46
Cent ipoise
CPOI SE
x 1.0
= Millipascalseconds
MPA- S
47
Cent ist oke
CSTOKE
x 1.0
= Millim et ers
squared per
second
MM2/ S
Degrees
DEGREE
x 1.0
= Degrees
DEGREE
na
Fahrenheit
t em perat ure
DEG F
( F- 32) / 1.8
= Celsius
t em perat ure
DEG C
na
Fahrenheit
t em perat ure
difference
DEG F
x 0.55555
= Celsius
t em perat ure
difference
DEG C
na
Nom inal pipe I NCH
size ( diam et er
and t hickness)
not applicable
size
Nom inal pipe MM
size ( diam et er
and t hickness)
na
Driver power
not applicable
Driver power
Angula r
na
Ot he r
HP
KW
M isce lla n e ou s Use fu l Con st a n t s
1
2
3
Gravit at ional Const ant :
°
I nch- Pound
32.174 lb- ft / lb( force) - sec2
°
Met ric
9.80665 kg- m / kg( force) - sec2
Absolut e t em perat ures:
°
Rankine
DEG R = 459.67 + DEG F
°
Kelvin
DEG K = 273.15 + DEG C
Gas Const ant , R ( basis: 22.4140 lit ers at 0 degrees C, 1 at m . for t he
volum e of 1 gram - m ole of gas and PV= ZnRT)
°
R = 10.732 psia- ft 3/ lb- m ole degrees R
°
R = 8.3145 KPA- m 3/ kg- m ole degrees K
2 9 Un it s of M e a su r e ( G6 )
29-7
Pr oj e ct Spe cifica t ion s a n d t h e ir
Use of Un it s of M e a su r e
Spe cia l Un it s of M e a su r e
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for Te m pe r a t u r e : F ( I NCH- POUND) or C or K
( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
All it em s specifying t em perat ur e
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for pipe size : I NCH ( I NCH- POUND) or MM ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Pipe, valves, fit t ings
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for dr ive r pow e r : HP ( I NCH- POUND) or KW
( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Elect ric m ot ors, t urbines
Le n gt h a n d Ar e a Un it s
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : I NCHES ( I NCH- POUND) or MM ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
29-8
Vessel com ponent s
°
wall/ plat e t hickness
°
t ube diam et er
°
cladding t hickness
•
Conveyor belt s - widt h
•
Conveyors/ vibrat ing - widt h of pan
•
Cent r ifuge bowl/ basket diam et er
•
Dryers, pan t ype - dept h
•
Dust collect ors, cyclone diam et er
•
Filt ers, plat e/ fram e size
•
Feeders, r ot ar y - diam et er
•
Feeders, vibrat ing - widt h
•
Heat exchangers, shell diam et er
•
Mills, product , feed size
•
Reboilers, port area
•
St acks - diam et er
•
Towers - t ray spacing
2 9 Un it s of M e a su r e ( G6 )
•
I nsulat ion t hickness
•
Manhole diam et er
•
St eel, walkway widt h
•
Vibrat ing screens - sift er screen diam et er
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : FEET ( I NCH- POUND) or M ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
•
Vessel size
°
span, lengt h, height , diam et er,
°
t ube lengt h
Fluid head- pum ps
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : MI LES ( I NCH- POUND) or KM ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Sit e developm ent
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : MESH ( I NCH- POUND) or MESH ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Crushers
•
Filt er, t ubular
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : SF ( I NCH- POUND) or M2 ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Dryers - t ray surface area
•
Dust collect ors - clot h area
•
Drum dr yers - peripheral area
•
Evaporat or s - heat ed surface ar ea
•
Flakers - area
•
Heat exchangers
•
Linings
•
Rot ary dryers
•
Tray drying syst em s, t ray surface
•
Vibrat ing screen
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : SY ( I NCH- POUND) or M2 ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Sit e developm ent
Volu m e Un it s
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : CF ( I NCH- POUND) or M3 ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Cent r ifuges - capacit y
2 9 Un it s of M e a su r e ( G6 )
29-9
•
Filt ers, plat e/ fram e capacit y
•
Mixers
•
Rot ary dryers, w orking capacit y
•
Vert ical t anks, gas holders, live bot t om
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : CY ( I NCH- POUND) or M3 ( METRI C)
Use t o spe cify:
•
Sit e developm ent
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : GALLONS ( I NCH- POUND) or M3 ( METRI C)
Use t o spe cify:
•
Vessel volum e, liquids
•
Kneaders
•
Packings
•
Vert ical t anks
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : BARRELS ( I NCH- POUND) or M3 ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Vert ical t anks
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : BAGS ( I NCH- POUND) or BAGS- 50KG ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Field- m ixed concret e com ponent s
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : BD FT ( I NCH- POUND) or M3 ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
29-10
Foundat ion form work ( shut t ering)
2 9 Un it s of M e a su r e ( G6 )
M a ss a n d Un it M a ss
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : LBS ( I NCH- POUND) or KG ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Cranes
•
Scales
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : TONS ( I NCH- POUND) or TON ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Elevat ors
•
Cranes, hoist s
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : LB/ FT ( I NCH- POUND) or KG/ M ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
St eel m em ber sizes
•
Pile sizes
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : LB/ YD ( I NCH- POUND) or KG/ M ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Sit e developm ent - railroad rails
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : LB/ BATCH ( I NCH- POUND) or KG/ BATCH
( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Cent r ifuges, bat ch t ype
•
Filt ers
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : PCF ( I NCH- POUND) or KG/ M3 ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Densit y of solids, fluids
•
Blenders
2 9 Un it s of M e a su r e ( G6 )
29-11
Pr e ssu r e Un it s
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : PSI G ( I NCH- POUND) or KPA ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Gauge pressure
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : I N HG ( I NCH- POUND) or KPA ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Vacuum pum ps
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : I N H2O ( I NCH- POUND) or PA ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Draft pressure m easur em ent , duct work
•
Dust collect or, cyclone - pr essure drop
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : MM HG ( I NCH- POUND) or PA ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Ej ect ors, absolut e pressure
•
Vacuum pum ps, absolut e pressure
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : PSF ( I NCH- POUND) or KN/ M2 ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
29-12
Civil - soil bearing capacit y
2 9 Un it s of M e a su r e ( G6 )
Ve locit y a n d Flow Ra t e Un it s
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : FPM ( I NCH- POUND) or M/ H ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Conveyors, belt speed
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : MPH ( I NCH- POUND) or KM/ H ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Wind velocit y
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : RPM ( I NCH- POUND) or RPM ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Agit at ors, agit at ed t anks
•
Mot ors
•
Blenders
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : CFM ( I NCH- POUND) or M3/ H ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Air, gas com pressor s
•
Air dryers
•
Dust collect ors, washers, precipit at ors, cyclone
•
Fans
•
Vacuum pum ps
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : CFH ( I NCH- POUND) or M3/ H ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Feeders
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : CFM/ SF ( I NCH- POUND) or M3/ H/ M2 ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Dust collect ors
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : GPM ( I NCH- POUND) or L/ S ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Cent r ifugal pum ps
•
Barom et r ic condenser - wat er flow rat e
•
Filt er, cart ridge, t ubular
•
Gear pum ps
•
Posit ive displacem ent pum ps
•
Towers, cooling
•
Wat er t reat m ent syst em s
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : GPH ( I NCH- POUND) or M3/ H ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Wat er t reat m ent syst em s
2 9 Un it s of M e a su r e ( G6 )
29-13
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : LB/ H ( I NCH- POUND) or KG/ H ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Dryers, evaporat ive capacit y
•
Drum dr yers
•
Evaporat or s
•
Ej ect ors - air flow rat e
•
Filt ers
•
Feeders
•
Flakers, drum t ype
•
Heat exchangers
•
React ors
•
Rot ary dryers
•
Tray drying syst em s
•
Towers, packed, t rayed
•
Wat er t reat m ent syst em s - boiler s
•
Wiped film evaporat ors
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : TPH ( I NCH- POUND) or TON/ H ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Conveyors
•
Bucket conveyors
•
Crushers
•
Feeders
•
Filt ers
•
Mills
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : TPD ( I NCH- POUND) or TON/ H ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Cryst allizers
•
Feeder, vibrat ing
•
Mills
Ele ct r ica l Un it s
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : V ( I NCH- POUND) or V ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Elect rical plant bulks
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : KV ( I NCH- POUND) or KV ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
29-14
Elect rical plant bulks
2 9 Un it s of M e a su r e ( G6 )
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : A ( I NCH- POUND) or A ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Elect rical plant bulks
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : KA ( I NCH- POUND) or KA ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Elect rical plant bulks
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : W ( I NCH- POUND) or W ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Elect rical plant bulks
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : KW ( I NCH- POUND) or KW ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Elect ric generat ors, port able
•
Heat exchangers - t ank heat ers
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : KVA ( I NCH- POUND) or KVA ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Elect ric generat ors
•
Elect rical subst at ion equipm ent
2 9 Un it s of M e a su r e ( G6 )
29-15
Pow e r Un it s
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : TONS- REF ( I NCH- POUND) or KW ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Refrigerat ion unit s
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : BTU/ H ( I NCH- POUND) or W ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Heat t ransfer rat e
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : MMBTU/ H ( I NCH- POUND) or MEGAW ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Furnaces
•
Heat ing unit s
•
Reboiler s
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : BTU/ H/ SF ( I NCH- POUND) or W/ M2 ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Flar est acks
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : BTU/ LB ( I NCH- POUND) or KJ/ KG ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Reboiler s
•
Flar est acks
Viscosit y Un it s
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : CPOI SE ( I NCH- POUND) or MPA- S ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
Pum ps
•
Agit at ed vessels
Un it of M e a su r e N a m e for : CSTOKE ( I NCH- POUND) or MM2/ S ( METRI C)
Use t o specify:
•
29-16
Pum ps, gear
2 9 Un it s of M e a su r e ( G6 )
3 0 Fie ld M a n pow e r Tit le s
a n d W a ge Ra t e s
( G1 3 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
US Count ry Base
UK Count ry Base
JP Count ry Base
EU Count ry Base
ME Count ry Base
3 0 Fie ld M a n pow e r Tit le s a nd W a ge Ra t e s ( G1 3 )
30-1
The rat es in t his chapt er are escalat ed by t he Const ruct ion I ndex value
specified by t he user in t he I ndexing/ Escalat ion dat a
US Cou n t r y Ba se
Cr a ft
Code
US Cr a ft N a m e
Un loa de d
W a ge Ra t e
( $ / MH)
Aspe n I n - Pla n t Cost
Est im a t or Loa de d W a ge
Ra t e ( $ / M H ) 1
51
Laborer
17.00
37.10
53
* Millwright
30.50
66.60
54
Rigger
29.40
64.20
56
Light Vehicle Driver
19.00
41.50
57
Heavy Vehicle Driver
21.10
46.00
59
Oiler
28.20
61.50
60
Mechanic
28.80
62.80
62
Light Equipm ent Oper
28.20
61.50
63
Medium Equipm ent Oper
29.20
63.70
64
Heavy Equipm ent Oper
30.20
65.90
66
* Pipefit t er
28.60
62.40
67
* Pipe Welder
31.50
68.70
69
Cem ent Finisher
25.00
54.60
70
Carpent er
24.30
53.00
71
Bricklayer
26.70
58.30
72
I ronworker - Rebar
28.20
61.50
74
I ronworker - St ruct ural
26.90
58.70
75
Welder - St ruct ural
26.90
58.70
77
Welder - Special
30.80
67.20
78
* Welder - Fabricat or
28.20
61.50
79
* Boilerm aker
27.90
60.90
* I nst rum ent Fit t er
31.30
68.30
83
* Elect rician - Line
31.30
68.30
84
* Elect rician - Wiring
29.20
63.70
52
55
58
61
65
68
73
76
80
81
82
85
30-2
3 0 Fie ld M a n pow e r Tit le s a nd W a ge Ra t e s ( G1 3 )
Cr a ft
Code
US Cr a ft N a m e
Un loa de d
W a ge Ra t e
( $ / MH)
Aspe n I n - Pla n t Cost
Est im a t or Loa de d W a ge
Ra t e ( $ / M H ) 1
86
* Sheet m et al Worker
26.70
58.30
87
I nsulat or
21.90
47.80
Paint er
21.90
47.80
98
Craft Helper
18.80
41.00
99
Forem an
**
**
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
1
Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or Loaded Wage Rat e excludes equipm ent rent al.
* Principal Craft s.
* * Forem an’s rat e is 110% of t he highest paid craft in t he crew in which t he
forem an w orks.
Base Const ruct ion I ndex Value ( 1Q 2012) = 2030.
3 0 Fie ld M a n pow e r Tit le s a nd W a ge Ra t e s ( G1 3 )
30-3
UK Cou n t r y Ba se * * *
Cr a ft
Code
UK Cr a ft N a m e
Un loa de d
W a ge Ra t e
( PS/ M H )
Aspe n I n - Pla n t Cost
Est im a t or Loa de d W a ge
Ra t e ( PS/ M H ) 1
51
Laborer
15.60
43.40
53
* Fit t er/ Millwright
19.70
55.00
54
Rigger
19.70
55.00
56
Light Vehicle Driver
17.20
47.90
57
Heavy Vehicle Driver
17.20
47.90
Plant Fit t er
19.70
55.00
52
55
58
59
60
61
62
Light Equipm ent Oper
17.20
47.90
63
Medium Equipm ent Oper
18.50
51.40
64
Heavy Equipm ent Oper
19.70
55.00
65
66
* Plat er/ Pipefit t er
19.70
55.00
67
* Welder
20.80
57.90
Cem ent Finisher
17.20
47.90
68
69
70
Joiner
19.40
53.90
71
Bricklayer
17.40
48.50
72
St eel Fixer
17.20
47.90
73
74
St eel Erect or
19.70
55.00
75
Welder - St ruct ural
19.70
55.00
Welder - Special
20.80
57.90
76
77
78
* Welder - Fabricat or
19.70
55.00
79
* Boilerm aker
19.70
55.00
* I nst rum ent Fit t er
19.70
55.00
83
* Elect rical Technician
21.10
58.80
84
* Elect rician
19.10
53.30
86
* Sheet m et al Worker
19.70
55.00
87
I nsulat or
19.70
55.00
80
81
82
85
88
30-4
3 0 Fie ld M a n pow e r Tit le s a nd W a ge Ra t e s ( G1 3 )
Un loa de d
W a ge Ra t e
( PS/ M H )
Aspe n I n - Pla n t Cost
Est im a t or Loa de d W a ge
Ra t e ( PS/ M H ) 1
Paint er
17.20
47.90
98
Craft sm an’s Mat e
15.60
43.40
99
Forem an
**
**
Cr a ft
Code
UK Cr a ft N a m e
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
1
Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or Loaded Wage Rat e excludes equipm ent rent al.
* Principal Craft s.
* * Forem an’s rat e is 110% of t he highest paid craft in t he crew in which t he
forem an w orks.
* * * Wage Rat e Basis: Nat ional Agreem ent for t he Engineering Const ruct ion
I ndust ry, 2011- 2012 Updat e. Rat es include m easured incent ive bonus
appropriat e t o large process indust ry sit es. Rat es for civil work reflect
" com parabilit y" wit h rat es for engineering t rades on large process indust ry
sit es.
Base Const ruct ion I ndex Value ( 1Q 2012) = 4970
N ot e : PS indicat es Pounds St erling
3 0 Fie ld M a n pow e r Tit le s a nd W a ge Ra t e s ( G1 3 )
30-5
JP Cou n t r y Ba se
Cr a ft
Code
JP Cr a ft N a m e
Un loa de d
W a ge Ra t e
( KY/ M H )
Aspe n I n - Pla n t Cost
Est im a t or Loa de d W a ge
Ra t e ( KY/ M H ) 1
51
Laborer
1.60
3.40
53
* Millwright
2.00
4.20
54
Rigger
2.00
4.20
56
Light Vehicle Driver
1.80
3.80
57
Heavy Vehicle Driver
2.10
4.40
59
Oiler
1.90
4.00
60
Mechanic
2.10
4.40
52
55
58
61
62
Light Equipm ent Oper
2.20
4.60
63
Medium Equipm ent Oper
2.20
4.60
64
Heavy Equipm ent Oper
2.20
4.60
66
* Pipefit t er
2.60
5.50
67
* Pipe Welder
2.80
5.90
Cem ent Finisher
2.20
4.60
65
68
69
70
Carpent er
2.30
4.80
71
Bricklayer
2.60
5.50
72
I ronworker - Rebar
2.10
4.40
73
74
I ronworker - St ruct ural
2.30
4.80
75
Welder - St ruct ural
2.60
5.50
77
Welder - Special
2.60
5.50
78
* Welder - Fabricat or
2.60
5.50
79
* Boilerm aker
2.50
5.30
* I nst rum ent Fit t er
2.30
4.80
83
* Elect rician - Line
2.50
5.30
84
* Elect rician - Wiring
2.50
5.30
86
* Sheet m et al Worker
1.90
4.00
87
I nsulat or
2.30
4.80
76
80
81
82
85
88
30-6
3 0 Fie ld M a n pow e r Tit le s a nd W a ge Ra t e s ( G1 3 )
Un loa de d
W a ge Ra t e
( KY/ M H )
Aspe n I n - Pla n t Cost
Est im a t or Loa de d W a ge
Ra t e ( KY/ M H ) 1
Paint er
2.20
4.60
98
Craft Helper
1.70
3.60
99
Forem an
**
**
Cr a ft
Code
JP Cr a ft N a m e
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
1
Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or Loaded Wage Rat e excludes equipm ent rent al.
* Principal Craft s.
* * Forem an’s rat e is 110% of t he highest paid craft in t he crew in which t he
forem an w orks.
Base Const ruct ion I ndex Value ( 1Q 2012 = 1130) .
N ot e : KY indicat es t housand Yen.
3 0 Fie ld M a n pow e r Tit le s a nd W a ge Ra t e s ( G1 3 )
30-7
EU Cou n t r y Ba se
Cr a ft
Code
EU Cr a ft N a m e
Un loa de d
W a ge Ra t e
( EUR/ M H )
Aspe n I n - Pla n t Cost
Est im a t or Loa de d W a ge
Ra t e ( EUR/ M H ) 1
51
Laborer
18.40
43.60
53
* Millwright
23.90
56.70
54
Rigger
23.90
56.70
56
Driver: Light
21.30
50.50
57
Driver: Heavy
21.30
50.50
23.90
56.70
52
55
58
59
Oiler
60
Mechanic
61
62
EquipOp: Light
21.30
50.50
63
EquipOp: Medium
21.50
51.10
64
EquipOp: Heavy
23.90
56.70
66
* Pipefit t er
23.90
56.70
67
* Pipe Welder
24.20
57.50
69
Cem ent Finisher
21.30
50.50
70
Carpent er
24.00
56.90
71
Bricklayer
24.00
56.90
72
I ronworker - Rebar
21.30
50.50
74
I ronworker: St ruct
23.90
56.70
75
Welder: St ruct
23.90
56.70
77
Welder: Special
24.50
58.00
78
* Welder: Fabr
24.50
58.00
79
* Boilerm aker
23.90
56.70
* I nst ru.Fit t er
23.90
56.70
83
* Elect r: Line
24.00
56.90
84
* Elect r: Wire
23.90
56.70
86
* Sheet m et al Worker
23.90
56.70
87
I nsulat or
23.90
56.70
65
68
73
76
80
81
82
85
88
30-8
3 0 Fie ld M a n pow e r Tit le s a nd W a ge Ra t e s ( G1 3 )
Cr a ft
Code
EU Cr a ft N a m e
Un loa de d
W a ge Ra t e
( EUR/ M H )
Aspe n I n - Pla n t Cost
Est im a t or Loa de d W a ge
Ra t e ( EUR/ M H ) 1
89
Paint er
21.30
50.50
98
Helper
19.50
46.40
99
Forem an
**
**
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
1
Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or Loaded Wage Rat e excludes equipm ent rent al.
* Principal Craft s.
* * Forem an’s rat e is 110% of t he highest paid craft in t he crew in which t he
forem an w orks.
Base Const ruct ion I ndex Value ( 1Q 2012 = 1840) .
M E Cou n t r y Ba se
Note: SAR = Saudi Arabian Riyals
Cr a ft
Code
M E Cr a ft N a m e
Un loa de d
W a ge Ra t e
( SAR/ M H )
Aspe n I n - Pla n t Cost
Est im a t or Loa de d W a ge
Ra t e ( SAR/ M H ) 1
51
Laborer
22.00
55.10
53
* Millwright
28.20
70.40
54
Rigger
28.20
70.40
56
Driver: Light
24.00
60.00
57
Driver: Heavy
24.00
60.00
59
Oiler
28.20
70.40
60
Mechanic
41.60
104.10
52
55
58
61
62
EquipOp: Light
22.00
55.10
63
EquipOp: Medium
25.40
63.40
64
EquipOp: Heavy
29.20
72.90
* Pipefit t er
28.20
70.40
65
66
3 0 Fie ld M a n pow e r Tit le s a nd W a ge Ra t e s ( G1 3 )
30-9
Cr a ft
Code
M E Cr a ft N a m e
Un loa de d
W a ge Ra t e
( SAR/ M H )
Aspe n I n - Pla n t Cost
Est im a t or Loa de d W a ge
Ra t e ( SAR/ M H ) 1
67
* Pipe Welder
41.60
104.10
69
Cem ent Finisher
24.50
61.20
70
Carpent er
23.30
58.20
71
Bricklayer
23.30
58.20
72
I ronworker - Rebar
25.70
64.30
74
I ronworker: St ruct
25.70
64.30
75
Welder: St ruct
25.70
64.30
77
Welder: Special
25.70
64.30
78
* Welder: Fabr
26.90
67.40
79
* Boilerm aker
26.90
67.40
* I nst ru.Fit t er
28.20
70.40
83
* Elect r: Line
28.20
70.40
84
* Elect r: Wire
28.20
70.40
86
* Sheet m et al Worker
25.70
64.30
87
I nsulat or
27.60
68.90
Paint er
24.50
61.20
Helper
19.00
47.50
68
73
76
80
81
82
85
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
1
Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or Loaded Wage Rat e excludes equipm ent rent al.
* Principal Craft s.
* * Forem an’s rat e is 110% of t he highest paid craft in t he crew in which t he
forem an w orks.
Base Const ruct ion I ndex Value ( 1Q 2012 = 2280) .
30-10
3 0 Fie ld M a n pow e r Tit le s a nd W a ge Ra t e s ( G1 3 )
3 0 Fie ld M a n pow e r Tit le s a nd W a ge Ra t e s ( G1 3 )
30-11
30-12
3 0 Fie ld M a n pow e r Tit le s a nd W a ge Ra t e s ( G1 3 )
3 1 En gin e e r in g
( G1 3 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
Design and Const ruct ion Engineering Disciplines and Wage Rat es
US Count ry Base
UK Count ry Base
JP Count ry Base
EU Count ry Base
ME Count ry Base
Engineering Expenses and I ndirect s
St andard Engineering Drawing Types
User- Specified Drawing Classificat ions
3 1 En gine e r in g ( G1 3 )
31-1
D e sign a n d Con st r u ct ion
En gin e e r in g D isciplin e s a n d
W a ge Ra t e s
US Cou n t r y Ba se
Note: $ indicates US dollars
N o.
D e sign* D isciplin e
$ / MH
Ba sic En gine e r in g:
$ / MH
H om e Office :
01
Proj ect Engineering
62.70
01
Proj ect Managem ent
65.10
02
Process Engineering
56.90
02
Cost Account ing
49.40
03
Piping Design
55.60
03
Const ruct ion Dept .
36.50
04
I nst rum ent Design
54.60
04
Planning, Scheduling
47.10
05
Mechanical Design
55.60
05
Tools, Equipm ent
37.00
06
Elect rical Design
55.20
06
I ndust rial Relat ions
37.10
07
Civil Design
54.30
07
Subcont ract Adm in.
62.00
08
Piping Draft ing
47.10
08
Support , Clerical
25.20
09
I nst rum ent Draft ing
49.00
Fie ld Office :
10
Mechanical Draft ing
50.30
01
Proj ect Const rn. Supt . 54.00
11
Elect rical Draft ing
50.00
02
Area Superint endent s
12
Civil Draft ing
47.10
13
General Draft ing
39.20
14
Planning, Scheduling
51.70
15
Cost Est im at ing
53.90
16
Support , Clerical
25.20
D e t a il En gin e e r in g:
31-2
N o. Con st r uct ion* *
D isciplin e
52.90
Field Superint endent s:
03
Piping
47.90
04
I nst rum ent at ion
47.90
05
Elect rical
47.90
06
Civil
47.90
07
Mechanical
47.90
01
Proj ect Engineering
62.70
08
QC&A, I nspect ion
36.20
02
Process Engineering
56.90
09
Subcont ract Adm in
50.70
03
Piping Design
55.60
10
Cost Engineering
46.20
04
I nst rum ent Design
54.60
11
Field Engineering
42.20
05
Mechanical Design
55.60
12
Planning, Scheduling
47.40
06
Elect rical Design
55.20
13
Safet y & Medical
38.70
07
Civil Design
54.30
14
Field Account ing
39.50
08
Piping Draft ing
47.10
15
Mat erials Cont rol
39.30
09
I nst rum ent Draft ing
49.00
16
General Draft ing
39.20
10
Mechanical Draft ing
50.30
17
Support , Clerical
22.70
11
Elect rical Draft ing
50.00
Con st r u ct ion M a n a ge m e n t
( H om e ) :
12
Civil Draft ing
47.10
01
Proj ect Managem ent
65.10
3 1 En gine e r in g ( G1 3 )
N o.
D e sign* D isciplin e
$ / MH
N o. Con st r uct ion* *
D isciplin e
$ / MH
13
General Draft ing
39.20
02
Cost Account ing
49.40
14
Planning, Scheduling
51.70
03
Const ruct ion Dept .
36.50
15
Cost Est im at ing
53.90
04
Subcon. Adm in.
( Field)
50.70
16
Support , Clerical
25.20
05
Const ruct ion Manager 62.10
17
Model Building
32.30
06
Area Managers
52.90
07
Subcon. Coordinat or
45.60
Pr ocu r e m e n t :
01
Procurem ent
48.70
08
Field I nspect or
36.20
02
Support , Clerical
25.20
09
Cost Engineering
46.20
10
Field Engineering
42.20
11
Planning, Scheduling
47.40
12
Safet y & Medical
38.70
13
Support , Clerical
25.20
En g'g M a na ge m e n t :
01
Proj ect Engineering
76.30
* These rat es are t he current ( 1Q 2012)
Syst em base values, which are escalat ed
by t he Design Engineering I ndex specified
by t he user in t he I ndexing/ Escalat ion
dat a.
St a r t - u p, Com m ission in g:
01
Com m issioning St aff
62.70
02
St art- up St aff
56.90
03
Perform ance Test ing
55.60
Base Design Engineering I ndex = 1530
* * These rat es are t he current ( 1Q
2012) Syst em base values, which are
escalat ed by t he Const ruct ion
Managem ent I ndex specified by t he
user in t he I ndexing/ Escalat ion dat a.
Base Const ruct ion Managem ent
I ndex = 1800
3 1 En gine e r in g ( G1 3 )
31-3
UK Cou n t r y Ba se
Note: PS indicates Pounds Sterling
N o.
D e sign* D isciplin e
PS/ M H
Ba sic En gine e r in g:
PS/ M H
H om e Office :
01
Proj ect Engineering
31.20
01
Proj ect Managem ent
36.50
02
Process Engineering
31.90
02
Cost Account ing
21.20
03
Piping Design
29.70
03
Const ruct ion Dept .
28.30
04
I nst rum ent Design
29.70
04
Planning, Scheduling
25.40
05
Mechanical Design
29.70
05
Tools, Equipm ent
28.30
06
Elect rical Design
29.70
06
I ndust rial Relat ions
28.30
07
Civil Design
29.70
07
Subcont ract Adm in.
28.30
08
Piping Draft ing
22.00
08
Support , Clerical
12.70
09
I nst rum ent Draft ing
22.00
Fie ld Office :
10
Mechanical Draft ing
22.00
01
11
Elect rical Draft ing
22.00
02
12
Civil Draft ing
22.00
13
General Draft ing
22.00
03
Piping
27.20
14
Planning, Scheduling
24.30
04
I nst rum ent at ion
27.20
15
Cost Est im at ing
22.00
05
Elect rical
27.20
16
Support , Clerical
12.70
06
Civil
27.20
07
Mechanical
27.20
D e t a il En gin e e r in g:
Proj ect Const rn. Supt . 36.90
Area Superint endent s
27.20
Field Superint endent s
01
Proj ect Engineering
31.20
08
QC&A, I nspect ion
27.20
02
Process Engineering
31.90
09
Subcont ract Adm in.
27.20
03
Piping Design
29.70
10
Cost Engineering
24.30
04
I nst rum ent Design
29.70
11
Field Engineering
25.20
05
Mechanical Design
29.70
12
Planning, Scheduling
24.30
06
Elect rical Design
29.70
13
Safet y & Medical
20.70
07
Civil Design
29.70
14
Field Account ing
19.30
08
Piping Draft ing
22.00
15
Mat erials Cont rol
19.30
09
I nst rum ent Draft ing
22.00
16
General Draft ing
20.20
10
Mechanical Draft ing
22.00
17
Support , Clerical
12.20
11
Elect rical Draft ing
22.00
Const r uct ion M a n a ge m e nt
( H om e ) :
12
Civil Draft ing
22.00
01
Proj ect Managem ent
36.50
13
General Draft ing
22.00
02
Cost Account ing
21.20
14
Planning, Scheduling
24.30
03
Const ruct ion Dept .
28.60
15
Cost Est im at ing
22.00
04
Subcon. Adm in. ( Field) 28.60
16
Support , Clerical
12.70
05
Const ruct ion Manager
39.60
17
Model Building
23.80
06
Area Managers
30.40
07
Subcon. Coordinat or
28.30
08
Field I nspect or
28.60
Pr ocu r e m e n t :
01
31-4
N o. Con st r uct ion* *
D isciplin e
Procurem ent
21.30
3 1 En gine e r in g ( G1 3 )
N o.
D e sign* D isciplin e
PS/ M H
N o. Con st r uct ion* *
D isciplin e
PS/ M H
02
Support , Clerical
12.70
09
Cost Engineering
25.40
10
Field Engineering
26.40
11
Planning, Scheduling
25.40
12
Safet y & Medical
21.70
13
Support , Clerical
12.70
En g'g M a na ge m e n t :
01
Proj ect Engineering
31.20
Not e: PS indicat es Pounds St erling
* These rat es are t he current ( 1Q 2012)
Syst em base values, which are escalat ed by
t he Design Engineering I ndex specified by
t he user in t he I ndexing/ Escalat ion dat a.
St a r t - up, Com m issioning :
01
Com m issioning St aff
28.20
02
St art- up St aff
28.20
03
Perform ance Test ing
28.20
Base Design Engineering I ndex = 4750
* * These rat es are t he current ( 1Q
2012) Syst em base values, which
are escalat ed by t he Const ruct ion
Managem ent I ndex specified by t he
user in t he I ndexing/ Escalat ion dat a.
Base Const ruct ion Managem ent
I ndex = 4860
3 1 En gine e r in g ( G1 3 )
31-5
JP Cou n t r y Ba se
Note: KY indicates thousand Yen
N o.
D e sign* D isciplin e
KY/ M H
Proj ect Engineering
5.0
Proj ect Managem ent
6.7
02
Process Engineering
5.4
03
Piping Design
5.6
02
Cost Account ing
4.3
03
Const ruct ion Dept .
4.5
04
I nst rum ent Design
5.6
04
Planning, Scheduling
3.9
05
Mechanical Design
5.6
05
Tools, Equipm ent
4.2
06
07
Elect rical Design
5.6
06
I ndust rial Relat ions
4.2
Civil Design
5.6
07
Subcont ract Adm in.
3.6
08
Piping Draft ing
3.5
08
Support , Clerical
2.1
09
I nst rum ent Draft ing
3.5
Fie ld Office :
10
Mechanical Draft ing
3.5
01
Proj ect Const rn. Supt . 5.2
11
Elect rical Draft ing
3.5
02
Area Superint endent s
12
Civil Draft ing
3.5
13
General Draft ing
3.5
01
4.0
Field Superint endent s:
03
Piping
4.0
14
Planning, Scheduling
3.9
04
I nst rum ent at ion
4.0
15
Cost Est im at ing
3.9
05
Elect rical
4.0
16
Support , Clerical
2.1
06
Civil
4.0
07
QC&A, I nspect ion
4.0
D e t a il En gin e e r in g:
01
Proj ect Engineering
5.0
08
Mechanical
4.0
02
Process Engineering
5.4
09
Subcont ract Adm in.
4.0
03
Piping Design
5.6
10
Cost Engineering
3.7
04
I nst rum ent Design
5.6
11
Field Engineering
3.7
05
Mechanical Design
5.6
12
Planning, Scheduling
3.7
06
Elect rical Design
5.6
13
Safet y & Medical
3.7
07
Civil Design
5.6
14
Field Account ing
3.7
08
Piping Draft ing
3.5
15
Mat erials Cont rol
4.2
09
I nst rum ent Draft ing
3.5
16
General Draft ing
3.6
10
Mechanical Draft ing
3.5
17
Support , Clerical
2.1
11
Elect rical Draft ing
3.5
Const r uct ion M a n a ge m e nt
( H om e ) :
12
Civil Draft ing
3.5
01
Proj ect Managem ent
6.7
13
General Draft ing
3.5
02
Cost Account ing
4.3
14
Planning, Scheduling
3.9
03
Const ruct ion Dept .
4.5
15
Cost Est im at ing
3.9
04
Subcon. Adm in. ( Field) 4.2
16
Support , Clerical
2.1
05
Const ruct ion Manager
5.3
17
Model Building
2.5
06
Area Managers
5.3
07
Subcon. Coordinat or
3.6
08
Field I nspect or
4.0
Pr ocu r e m e n t :
01
31-6
KY/ M H
H om e Office :
Ba sic En gine e r in g:
01
N o. Con st r uct ion* *
D isciplin e
Procurem ent
4.6
3 1 En gine e r in g ( G1 3 )
N o.
D e sign* D isciplin e
KY/ M H
N o. Con st r uct ion* *
D isciplin e
02
Support , Clerical
2.1
09
Cost Engineering
3.7
10
Field Engineering
3.7
6.7
11
Planning, Scheduling
3.7
N ot e : KY indicat es t housand YEN
12
Safet y & Medical
3.7
13
Support , Clerical
2.1
En g'g M a na ge m e n t :
01
Proj ect Engineering
KY/ M H
* These rat es are t he current ( 1Q
2012) Syst em base values, which are
escalat ed by t he Design Engineering
I ndex specified by t he user in t he
I ndexing/ Escalat ion dat a.
Base Design Engineering I ndex = 2060
St a r t - u p, Com m ission in g:
01
Com m issioning St aff
4.5
02
St art- up St aff
4.3
03
Perform ance Test ing
4.3
* * These rat es are t he current ( 1Q
2012) Syst em base values, which
are escalat ed by t he Const ruct ion
Managem ent I ndex specified by t he
user in t he I ndexing/ Escalat ion dat a.
Base Const ruct ion Managem ent
I ndex = 1940
3 1 En gine e r in g ( G1 3 )
31-7
EU Cou n t r y Ba se
Note: EUR indicates Euros
N o.
D e sign* D isciplin e
EUR/ M H
EUR/
MH
H om e Office :
Ba sic En gine e r in g:
01
Proj ect Engineering
50.40
01
Proj ect Managem ent
48.60
02
Process Engineering
38.80
02
Cost Account ing
35.50
03
Piping Design
33.00
03
Const ruct ion Dept .
28.60
04
I nst rum ent Design
33.00
04
Planning, Scheduling
34.20
05
Mechanical Design
38.10
05
Tools, Equipm ent
28.60
06
Elect rical Design
33.00
06
I ndust rial Relat ions
28.60
07
Civil Design
33.00
07
Subcont ract Adm in.
28.60
08
Piping Draft ing
25.80
08
Support , Clerical
19.90
09
I nst rum ent Draft ing
27.20
Fie ld Office :
10
Mechanical Draft ing
27.20
01
Proj ect Const rn. Supt . 40.50
11
Elect rical Draft ing
27.20
02
Area Superint endent s
12
Civil Draft ing
27.20
13
General Draft ing
25.00
14
Planning, Scheduling
35.60
15
Cost Est im at ing
36.90
16
Support , Clerical
20.70
D e t a il En gin e e r in g:
35.70
Field Superint endent s:
03
Piping
30.90
04
I nst rum ent at ion
30.90
05
Elect rical
30.90
06
Civil
30.90
07
Mechanical
30.90
01
Proj ect Engineering
50.40
08
QC&A, I nspect ion
30.90
02
Process Engineering
38.80
09
Subcont ract Adm in.
28.60
03
Piping Design
33.00
10
Cost Engineering
35.50
04
I nst rum ent Design
33.00
11
Field Engineering
30.90
05
Mechanical Design
38.10
12
Planning, Scheduling
34.20
06
Elect rical Design
33.00
13
Safet y & Medical
28.60
07
Civil Design
33.00
14
Field Account ing
28.40
08
Piping Draft ing
25.80
15
Mat erials Cont rol
28.40
09
I nst rum ent Draft ing
27.20
16
General Draft ing
24.10
10
Mechanical Draft ing
27.20
17
Support , Clerical
19.90
11
Elect rical Draft ing
27.20
Const r uct ion M a n a ge m e nt
( H om e ) :
12
Civil Draft ing
27.20
01
Proj ect Managem ent
48.60
13
General Draft ing
25.00
02
Cost Account ing
35.50
14
Planning, Scheduling
35.60
03
Const ruct ion Dept .
28.60
15
Cost Est im at ing
36.90
04
Subcon. Adm in. ( Field) 28.60
16
Support , Clerical
20.70
05
Const ruct ion Manager
48.60
17
Model Building
24.70
06
Area Managers
35.70
07
Subcon. Coordinat or
28.60
08
Field I nspect or
32.10
Pr ocu r e m e n t :
01
31-8
N o. Con st r uct ion* *
D isciplin e
Procurem ent
32.80
3 1 En gine e r in g ( G1 3 )
N o.
D e sign* D isciplin e
EUR/ M H
N o. Con st r uct ion* *
D isciplin e
02
Support , Clerical
20.70
09
Cost Engineering
35.50
10
Field Engineering
30.90
11
Planning, Scheduling
34.20
12
Safet y & Medical
28.60
13
Support , Clerical
19.90
En g'g M a na ge m e n t :
01
Proj ect Engineering
52.40
* These rat es are t he current ( 1Q
2012) Syst em base values, which are
escalat ed by t he Design Engineering
I ndex specified by t he user in t he
I ndexing/ Escalat ion dat a.
Base Design Engineering I ndex = 1850
EUR/
MH
St a r t - u p, Com m ission in g:
01
Com m issioning St aff
49.20
02
St art- up St aff
37.80
03
Perform ance Test ing
37.80
* * These rat es are t he current ( 1Q
2012) Syst em base values, which
are escalat ed by t he Const ruct ion
Managem ent I ndex specified by t he
user in t he I ndexing/ Escalat ion dat a.
Base Const ruct ion Managem ent
I ndex = 1720
3 1 En gine e r in g ( G1 3 )
31-9
M E Cou n t r y Ba se
Note: SAR indicates Saudi Arabian Rials
N o.
D e sign* D isciplin e
SAR/
MH
Ba sic En gine e r in g:
SAR/
MH
H om e Office :
01
Proj ect Engineering
300.00
01
Proj ect Managem ent
360.00
02
Process Engineering
280.00
02
Cost Account ing
91.00
03
Piping Design
240.00
03
Const ruct ion Dept .
84.50
04
I nst rum ent Design
240.00
04
Planning, Scheduling
210.00
05
Mechanical Design
240.00
05
Tools, Equipm ent
80.70
06
Elect rical Design
240.00
06
I ndust rial Relat ions
78.00
07
Civil Design
240.00
07
Subcont ract Adm in.
78.00
08
Piping Draft ing
165.00
08
Support , Clerical
68.30
09
I nst rum ent Draft ing
165.00
Fie ld Office :
10
Mechanical Draft ing
165.00
01
Proj ect Const rn. Supt . 153.70
11
Elect rical Draft ing
165.00
02
Area Superint endent s
12
Civil Draft ing
165.00
13
General Draft ing
165.00
14
Planning, Scheduling
210.00
15
Cost Est im at ing
210.00
16
Support , Clerical
100.00
D e t a il En gin e e r in g:
31-10
N o. Con st r uct ion* *
D isciplin e
75.40
Field Superint endent s:
03
Piping
71.50
04
I nst rum ent at ion
71.50
05
Elect rical
71.50
06
Civil
71.50
07
Mechanical
71.50
01
Proj ect Engineering
300.00
08
QC&A, I nspect ion
71.50
02
Process Engineering
280.00
09
Subcont ract Adm in
78.00
03
Piping Design
240.00
10
Cost Engineering
91.00
04
I nst rum ent Design
240.00
11
Field Engineering
162.80
05
Mechanical Design
240.00
12
Planning, Scheduling
210.00
06
Elect rical Design
240.00
13
Safet y & Medical
71.50
07
Civil Design
240.00
14
Field Account ing
91.00
08
Piping Draft ing
165.00
15
Mat erials Cont rol
135.00
09
I nst rum ent Draft ing
165.00
16
General Draft ing
110.00
10
Mechanical Draft ing
165.00
17
Support , Clerical
68.30
11
Elect rical Draft ing
165.00
Con st r u ct ion M a n a ge m e n t
( H om e ) :
12
Civil Draft ing
165.00
01
Proj ect Managem ent
360.00
13
General Draft ing
165.00
02
Cost Account ing
91.00
14
Planning, Scheduling
210.00
03
Const ruct ion Dept .
84.50
15
Cost Est im at ing
210.00
04
Subcon. Adm in.
( Field)
78.00
16
Support , Clerical
100.00
05
Const ruct ion Manager 360.00
17
Model Building
120.00
06
Area Managers
75.40
07
Subcon. Coordinat or
78.00
3 1 En gine e r in g ( G1 3 )
N o.
D e sign* D isciplin e
SAR/
MH
Pr ocu r e m e n t :
01
Procurem ent
250.00
02
Support , Clerical
100.00
En g'g M a na ge m e n t :
01
Proj ect Engineering
420.00
* These rat es are t he current ( 1Q 2012)
Syst em base values.
Base Design Engineering I ndex = 1620
N o. Con st r uct ion* *
D isciplin e
SAR/
MH
08
Field I nspect or
71.50
09
Cost Engineering
91.00
10
Field Engineering
162.80
11
Planning, Scheduling
210.00
12
Safet y & Medical
71.50
13
Support , Clerical
68.30
St a r t - u p, Com m ission in g:
01
Com m issioning St aff
162.80
02
St art- up St aff
162.80
03
Perform ance Test ing
162.80
* * These rat es are t he current ( 1Q
2012) Syst em base values.
Base Const ruct ion Managem ent
I ndex = 1870
3 1 En gine e r in g ( G1 3 )
31-11
En gin e e r in g Ex pe n se s a n d
I n dir e ct s ( Aspe n Ca pit a l Cost
Est im a t or a n d Aspe n Pr oce ss
Econ om ic An a lyze r )
US Country Base
Phase
% Eng'ng Manpower
Ex pe nse Ra t e ( $ /
MH) *
Pa yr oll
Bu sine ss
Cost I n dir e ct s
Basic Engineering
5.40
25
75
Det ail Engineering
4.20
25
75
Procurem ent
9.60
25
75
Engineering
Managem ent
0.00
25
75
( $ / MH) * *
Hom e Office
Const ruct ion Services
3.90
25
75
Field Office Supervision
0.00
25
75
Const ruct ion
Managem ent
0.00
25
75
St art- up,
Com m issioning
0.00
25
75
UK Country Base
Phase
% Eng'ng Manpower
Ex pe nse Ra t e ( PS/
MH) *
Pa yr oll
Bu sine ss
Cost I n dir e ct s
Basic Engineering
4.30
40
90
Det ail Engineering
3.60
40
90
Procurem ent
7.70
40
90
Engineering
Managem ent
0.00
40
90
40
90
( PS/ M H ) * *
31-12
Hom e Office
Const ruct ion Services
3.10
Field Office Supervision
0.00
40
90
Const ruct ion
Managem ent
0.00
40
90
St art- up,
Com m issioning
0.00
40
90
3 1 En gine e r in g ( G1 3 )
Engine e r in g Ex pe nse s a nd I ndir e ct s - cont inued
Japan Country Base
% En g'n g M a n pow e r
Phase
Ex pe nse Ra t e ( KY/
MH) *
Pa yr oll Bu sin e ss Cost I n dir e ct s
Basic Engineering
0.49
25
75
Det ail Engineering
0.38
25
75
Procurem ent
0.87
25
75
Engineering
Managem ent
0.00
25
75
( KY/ M H ) * *
Hom e Office
Const ruct ion Services
0.36
25
75
Field Office Supervision
0.00
25
75
Const ruct ion
Managem ent
0.00
25
75
St art- up,
Com m issioning
0.00
25
75
3 1 En gine e r in g ( G1 3 )
31-13
Engine e r in g Ex pe nse s a nd I ndir e ct s - cont inued
EU Country Base
Phase
% Eng'ng Manpower
Ex pe n se Ra t e ( EUR/
MH) *
Pa yr oll Bu sin e ss Cost I ndir e ct s
Basic Engineering
6.20
40
90
Det ail Engineering
5.20
40
90
Procurem ent
11.10
40
90
Engineering
Managem ent
0.00
40
90
( EUR/ M H ) * *
Hom e Office
Const ruct ion Services
4.50
40
90
Field Office Supervision
0.00
40
90
Const ruct ion
Managem ent
0.00
40
90
St art- up,
Com m issioning
0.00
40
90
* These rat es are t he current ( 1Q 2012) Syst em base values, which are escalat ed by t he
Design Engineering I ndex specified by t he user in t he I ndexing/ Escalat ion dat a.
* * These rat es are t he current ( 1Q 2012) Syst em base values, which are escalat ed by
t he Const ruct ion Managem ent I ndex specified by t he user in t he I ndexing/ Escalat ion
dat a.
31-14
3 1 En gine e r in g ( G1 3 )
Engine e r in g Ex pe nse s a nd I ndir e ct s - cont inued
ME Country Base
Phase
% Eng'ng Manpower
Ex pe nse Ra t e ( SAR/
MH) *
Pa yr oll
Bu sine ss
Cost I n dir e ct s
Basic Engineering
24.50
25
75
Det ail Engineering
19.00
25
75
Procurem ent
44.20
25
75
Engineering
Managem ent
0.00
25
75
17.80
25
75
Field Office Supervision
0.00
25
75
Const ruct ion
Managem ent
0.00
25
75
St art- up,
Com m issioning
0.00
25
75
( SAR/ M H ) * *
Hom e Office
Const ruct ion Services
* These rat es are t he current ( 1Q 2012) Syst em base values, which are escalat ed by t he
Design Engineering I ndex specified by t he user in t he I ndexing/ Escalat ion dat a.
* * These rat es are t he current ( 1Q 2012) Syst em base values, which are escalat ed by
t he Const ruct ion Managem ent I ndex specified by t he user in t he I ndexing/ Escalat ion
dat a.
Base Design Engineering I ndex = 1530 ( US) , 4750 ( UK) , 2060 ( JP) , 1850
( EU) , 1620 ( ME)
Base Const ruct ion Managem ent I ndex = 1800 ( US) , 4860 ( UK) , 1940 ( JP) ,
1720 ( EU) , 1870 ( ME)
N ot e :
$ indicat es U.S. Dollars
PS indicat es Pounds St erling
KY indicat es t housand YEN
EUR indicat es Euros
SAR indicat es Saudi Arabian Riyals
Ex pla na t ion of Ex pe nse Ra t e
The Expense rat e is used t o calculat e t he Basic Engineering Report 's
" Overhead I t em s," which consist of t he following:
•
Reproduct ion
•
Com m unicat ions
•
Travel
•
Com put at ion
3 1 En gine e r in g ( G1 3 )
31-15
Engine e r in g Ex pe nse s a nd I ndir e ct s - cont inued
These four line it em s collect ively com prise engineering expenses. They result
fr om a fixed percent age split of t his expense by phase. Mult iply t he Tot al Manhours for t he phase by t his rat e t o calculat e t he t ot al expenses. The syst em
t hen allocat es t hese t o various cat egories by percent age as follows:
Basic
Detail
Procure
Home
Reproduction
23%
30%
14%
42%
Communications
3%
4%
12%
8%
Travel
17%
12%
50%
50%
Computation
57%
54%
24%
0%
The am ount of t he expense is user- adj ust ed, but how it is split int o t hese
cat egories is not .
Bot h t he Payroll Burdens/ Fringes and I ndirect s are Percent ages of t he Tot al
Engineering Cost in t he Basic Engineering Report .
The relat ionship am ong t he wage rat es, expense rat e, and cost indirect are as
follows:
31-16
•
Wage rat es are t he wages paid t o a specific disciplines ( see page 31- 3) .
•
The Expense rat e is used t o calculat e t he Overhead it em s in t he Basic
Engineering Report .
•
I ndirect s are t ypically office expenses. I ndirect office expenses include
rent , heat , elect ricit y and ot her operat ing expenses not specifically covered
in ot her engineering account s.
3 1 En gine e r in g ( G1 3 )
St a n da r d En gin e e r in g D r a w in g
Type s ( Aspe n Ca pit a l Cost
Est im a t or a n d Aspe n Pr oce ss
Econ om ic An a lyze r )
Ba sic
En gin e e r ing
D e t a ile d
Engin e e r ing
D r a w in D e scr ipt ion
g N o.
D r a w in g N o. D e scr ipt ion
1
Process Flow Diagram s
1
2
Piping & I nst rum ent Diagram s 2
Piping I som et rics
3
I nt erconnect ing Piping
Diagram s
3
Special Hanger/ Support
Drawings
4
Ut ilit y Flow Diagram s
4
St eam Tracing Drawings
5
Ut ilit y Piping & I nst rum ent
Dgs
6
Elect rical One Line Diagram s
7
I nst rum ent Locat ion Drawings
7
Elec. Syst em Dist ribut ion
8
Cont rol Cable Schedules
8
General Equipm ent
Arrangem ent s
9
Cont rol Room / Console
Drawings
9
Ot her ( Plot Plant s, Et c.)
10
Cont rol Syst em s Schem at ics
11
I nst rum ent Loop Diagram s
12
Connect ion Diagram s/ Junct ion
Box Drwgs
13
Elect rical One Line Diagram s
14
Subst at ion Layout Drawings
15
Elect rical Schem at ics
16
Power Dist ribut ion Drawings
17
Circuit Scheds, Connect ion
Diagram s
18
Cable Tray Drawings
19
Light ing Drawings
User- specified Drawings
20
Up t o nine user- specified drawings ( or 21
ot her t asks, such as m odels) m ay be
added t o t he syst em drawings by using
a drawing num ber from t he range 9123
99.
N ot e : Only t he drawing num bers
24
shown in t his t able and 91- 99 are
accept ed.
25
26
31-17
Piping Arrangem ent s ( Plans &
Elevns.)
Grounding Drawings
Elect rical Tracing Drawings
Equipm ent Foundat ion
Drawings
St eelwork Foundat ion
Drawings
Area Paving Drawings
Misc. Concret e, Support s, Et c.
3 1 En gine e r in g ( G1 3 )
Ba sic
En gin e e r ing
31-18
D e t a ile d
Engin e e r ing
27
Underground Piping Drawings
28
St ruct ural St eel ( Plans &
Elevns.)
29
Ladders & Plat form s, Misc.
St eel
30
Grat ing Drawings
32
Building Arrangem ent Plans,
Elevns.
33
Archit ect ural Det ails
34
Facilit ies Plot Plans
35
Area Equipm ent Layout s
36
Sit e Developm ent
38
Ot her Det ail Drawings, List s
3 1 En gine e r in g ( G1 3 )
3 1 En gine e r in g ( G1 3 )
31-19
31-20
3 1 En gine e r in g ( G1 3 )
3 2 Con st r u ct ion Equ ipm e n t
( G4 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
I nt roduct ion t o Const r uct ion Equipm ent Rent al
Const ruct ion Equipm ent
3 2 Con st r u ct ion Equipm e n t ( G4 )
32-1
I n t r odu ct ion t o Con st r u ct ion
Equ ipm e n t Re n t a l
An Equipm ent Rent al Report is prepared for proj ect est im at es when t he
Const ruct ion Equipm ent Rent al report opt ion is select ed. The r eport ident ifies
bot h user and syst em - select ed rent al it em s, durat ions and rent al rat es. This
report is delet ed upon specific user ent ry of equipm ent / plant rent al eit her as a
t ot al cost or as a percent age of field m anpower.
The user can revise t he syst em ’s evaluat ion of equipm ent rent al requirem ent s
on an it em - by- it em basis, and by cont ract or, by defining Equipm ent Rent al
Dat a. Opt ions are available for specifying t he applicable cont ract or, adding
days or addit ional const ruct ion equipm ent t o t he account , changing days and
rent al rat es or delet ing const ruct ion equipm ent from t he account This chapt er
includes an indexed list of several hundred rent al equipm ent it em s cont ained
wit hin t he syst em base and direct ly relat ed t o work it em s for equipm ent and
bulk inst allat ion.
For Prim e Cont ract or report ing, equipm ent rent al applies t o t he proj ect in it s
ent iret y. For cont ract r eport ing, equipm ent rent al applies t o t he responsible
cont ract and m ust be provided for each cont ract if required.
Con st r u ct ion Equ ipm e n t
( Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or, Aspen Process Econom ic Analyzer , Aspen I nPlant Cost Est im at or) Rent al days and m ont hly rat es m ay be adj ust ed for
const ruct ion equipm ent it em s.
Equ ip
N o.
Equipm e nt Cla ss D e scr ipt ion
21
32-2
AUTOMOTI VE
Siz e
M e t r ic Unit s
I - P Unit s
AMBULANCE
26
AUTOMOTI VE
CAR 2- DOOR
SUBCOMPACT
1.3 LI TER
27
AUTOMOTI VE
CAR 4- DOOR
COMPACT
1.6 LI TER
28
AUTOMOTI VE
CAR 4- DOOR
STANDARD
2.0 LI TER
31
AUTOMOTI VE
MI NI BUS
BUS
10 PASSENGER
32
AUTOMOTI VE
BUS
25 PASSENGER
25 PASSENGER
33
AUTOMOTI VE
BUS
40 PASSENGER
40 PASSENGER
41
TRUCK
PI CKUP
.5 TONS - 4 X 2
.50 TON - 4 X 2
42
TRUCK
PI CKUP
.75 TONS - 4 X 2
75 TON - 4 X 2
43
TRUCK
PI CKUP
.75 TONS - 4 X 4
.75 TON - 4 X 4
44
TRUCK
PI CKUP - CREW CAB
.75 TONS - 4 X 4
.75 TON - 4 X 4
45
TRUCK
PI CKUP
1.0 TONS - 4 X 4
1 TON - 4 X 4
46
TRUCK
HI GHWAY FLATBED
2 TONS - 4 X 2
2 TON - 4 X 2
47
TRUCK
HI GHWAY FLATBED
2 TONS - 4 X 2
6 TON - 4 X 2
3 2 Con st r u ct ion Equ ipm e n t ( G4 )
Equ ip
N o.
Equipm e nt Cla ss D e scr ipt ion
Siz e
M e t r ic Unit s
I - P Unit s
48
TRUCK
HI GHWAY FLATBED
2 TONS - 4 X 2
14 TON - 4 X 2
49
TRUCK
HI GHWAY FLATBED
30 TONS - 6 X 4
27 TON - 6 X 4
51
TRUCK
OFF- ROAD FLATBED
6 TONS - 6 X 6
6 TON - 6 X 6
56
TRUCK
A- FRAME
4 X4
4 X4
57
TRUCK
LUBE/ GREASE
58
TRUCK
FUEL/ WATER
5000 GALLONS
18 M3
61
TRUCK
POWERLI NE, BUCKET
I NSULATED
I NSULATED
62
TRUCK
CHERRY PI CKER
NON- I NSULATED
NONI NSULATED
66
TRUCK
DUMP TRUCK
6 CY
5 M3
67
TRUCK
DUMP TRUCK
12 CY
9 M3
68
TRUCK
DUMP TRUCK
20 CY
15 M3
69
TRUCK
DUMP TRUCK
30 CY
23 M3
71
TRUCK
FORKLI FT
2 TONS
72
TRUCK
FORKLI FT
10 TONS
9 TON
76
EARTHMOVI NG
WHEEL LDR. W/
BACKHOE
0.75 CY
0.6 M3
77
EARTHMOVI NG
WHEEL LOADER
CAT930 1.75 CY
CAT930 1.3 M3
78
EARTHMOVI NG
WHEEL LOADER
CAT950 3.0 CY
CAT950 2.3 M3
81
EARTHMOVI NG
CRAWLER LOADER
1.0 CY
0.75 M3
82
EARTHMOVI NG
CRAWLER LOADER
CAT955 1.75 CY
CAT955
2 TON
83
EARTHMOVI NG
CRAWLER LOADER
CAT977 2.75 CY
CAT977
84
EARTHMOVI NG
CRAWLER LOADER
4.50 CY
3.4 M3
86
EARTHMOVI NG
WHEEL ARTI CUL
LOADER
CAT966 3.50 CY
CAT966 2.5 M3
87
EARTHMOVI NG
WHEEL ARTI CUL
LOADER
CAT988 6.00 CY
CAT988 4.5 M3
88
EARTHMOVI NG
WHEEL ARTI CUL
LOADER
CAT980 PI PELOAD CAT980
PI PELOAD
91
EARTHMOVI NG
MOTOR GRADER
CAT 12
CAT 12
92
EARTHMOVI NG
MOTOR GRADER
CAT 14
CAT 42
95
EARTHMOVI NG
TRENCHER,
DI TCHWI TCH
12 I N X 3 FT
300 MM X 1.0 M
3 2 Con st r u ct ion Equipm e n t ( G4 )
32-3
Equ ip
N o.
Equipm e nt Cla ss D e scr ipt ion
32-4
Siz e
M e t r ic Unit s
I - P Unit s
96
EARTHMOVI NG
TRENCHER, WHEEL
16 I N X 7 FT 6 I N 400 MM X 2.0 M
97
EARTHMOVI NG
TRENCHER, WHEEL
28 I N X 8 FT 6 I N 700 MM X 2.5 M
98
EARTHMOVI NG
TRENCHER, WHEEL
48 I N
99
EARTHMOVI NG
SCRAPER- ELEVATI NG
CAT613
11 CY
CAT613 8 M3
100
EARTHMOVI NG
SCRAPER- ELEVATI NG
CAT621J
21 CY
CAT621J 16 M3
101
EARTHMOVI NG
SCRAPER- ELEVATI NG
CAT633C
32 CY CAT633C 24 M3
102
EARTHMOVI NG
SCRAPER,WHEEL
TRACTR
TWI N627 14- 20
CY
TWI N627 11- 15
M3
103
EARTHMOVI NG
SCRAPER,WHEEL
TRACTR
CAT631C 21- 30
CY
CAT631C 16- 23
M3
104
EARTHMOVI NG
SCRAPER,WHEEL
TRACTR
CAT651B 32- 44
CY
CAT651B 24- 33
M3
105
EARTHMOVI NG
SCRAPER, TOWED
CAT435F 14- 18
CY
CAT435F 11- 14
M3
106
EARTHMOVI NG
SCRAPER, TOWED
CAT D4 68 HP
CAT D4
107
EARTHMOVI NG
CRAWLER TRACT.
DOZER
CAT D6 120 HP
CAT D6
108
EARTHMOVI NG
CRAWLER TRACT.
DOZER
CAT D7 180 HP
CAT D7
109
EARTHMOVI NG
CRAWLER TRACT.
DOZER
CAT D8 270 HP
CAT D8
110
EARTHMOVI NG
CRAWLER TRACT.
DOZER
CAT D9 385 HP
CAT D9
111
EARTHMOVI NG
BACKHOE CRAWLER
HYDR
.50 CY
.40 M3
112
EARTHMOVI NG
BACKHOE CRAWLER
HYDR
.75 CY
.60 M3
113
EARTHMOVI NG
BACKHOE CRAWLER
HYDR
1.0 CY
75 M3
114
EARTHMOVI NG
BACKHOE CRAWLER
HYDR
1.5 CY
1.1 M3
115
EARTHMOVI NG
BACKHOE CRAWLER
HYDR
2.5 CY
1.9 M3
116
EARTHMOVI NG
TRUCK- MTD GRADALL 5/ 8 CY G660
G660
117
EARTHMOVI NG
BACKHOE, SELF- PROP .50 CY
0.4 M3
118
EARTHMOVI NG
BACKHOE, WHEEL
.75 CY W/
BREAKER
0.6 M3 W/
BREAKER
121
DRI LLI NG
ROTARY ROCK DRI LL
CRAWLER MTD 12 CRAWLER MTD
IN
122
DRI LLI NG
TRACK DRI LL,SWG
BOOM
4.5 I NCHES
115 MM
123
DRI LLI NG
TWI N ROCK DRI LL
SUSP. VERTI CAL
SUSP.
VERTI CAL
124
DRI LLI NG
AUGER,FLATBEDMOUNTD
2.5
TONS,OFFROAD
2 TON,
OFFROAD
1200 MM
3 2 Con st r u ct ion Equ ipm e n t ( G4 )
Equ ip
N o.
Equipm e nt Cla ss D e scr ipt ion
Siz e
M e t r ic Unit s
I - P Unit s
125
DRI LLI NG
DRI LL QUAD,SWG
BOOM
4.5 I NCHES
115 MM
126
COMPACTI ON
ROLLER SELFPROPELLD
VI BR DRUM 7
TONS
VI B DRUM 6.5
TON
127
COMPACTI ON
ROLLER SELFPROPELLD
9 WHEEL 15 TONS 9 WHEEL
TON
128
COMPACTI ON
ROLLER SELFPROPELLD
SMOOTH
TONS
131
COMPACTI ON
ROLLER,TOWED, 1
DRUM
SHEEPSFT 40X60
IN
132
COMPACTI ON
ROLLER,TOWED, 1
DRUM
VI BRATNG 30X54 VI BRG.8 X1.4 M
IN
133
COMPACTI ON
ROLLER, MANUAL
GUI DE
VI B DRUM 1.0
TONS
134
COMPACTI ON
RAMMER, HANDHELD
350- 700SPM, 130 350- 700SPM,
60 KG
136
TRACTOR
TRUCK TRACTOR
20 TONS 4X2
18 TON 4X2
137
TRACTOR
TRUCK TRACTOR
30 TONS 4X2
27 TON 6X4
138
TRACTOR
TRUCK TRACTOR
60 TONS 4X2
54 TON 6X4
139
TRACTOR
OFF- ROAD TRACTOR
20 TONS 4X4
18 TON 4X4
140
TRACTOR
OFF- ROAD TRACTOR
40 TONS 6X6
36 TON 6X6
141
TRACTOR
WHEEL, W/ TOW
HI TCH
50 HP
40 KW
142
TRACTOR
WHEEL, W/ TOW
HI TCH
105 HP
80 KW
146
TRAI LER
LOWBOY, PLATFORM
147
TRAI LER
LOWBOY, PLATFORM
25 TONs
25 TON
148
TRAI LER
LOWBOY, PLATFORM
40TONs
35 TON
149
TRAI LER
LOWBOY, PLATFORM
50 TONs
45 TON
150
TRAI LER
LOWBOY, PLATFORM
60 TONs
55 TON
151
TRAI LER
LOWBOY, PLATFORM
75 TONs
70 TON
152
TRAI LER
LOWBOY, PLATFORM
100 TONs
90 TON
155
TRAI LER
FLATBED - 4 WHEEL
6 TONS
5 TON
156
TRAI LER
FLATBED
15 TONS
15 TON
157
TRAI LER
FLATBED
30 TONS
25 TON
158
TRAI LER
FLOAT, OFFROAD
30 TONS
35 TON
159
TRAI LER
FLOAT, OFFROAD
60 TONS
55 TON
161
TRAI LER
DI ESEL BOWSER
600 GALLONS
2.25 M3
162
TRAI LER
FUEL/ WATER
2000 GALLONS
7.50 M3
3 2 Con st r u ct ion Equipm e n t ( G4 )
10
15 TONS
14
SMOOTH
TON
9
SHEEPSFT 1
X1.5 M
VI B DRUM 1
TON
15 TON
32-5
Equ ip
N o.
Equipm e nt Cla ss D e scr ipt ion
Siz e
M e t r ic Unit s
I - P Unit s
163
TRAI LER
FUEL/ WATER
5000 GALLONS
18.00 M3
164
TRAI LER
FUEL/ WATER
8000 GALLONS
30.00 M3
166
TRAI LER
MOBI LE OFFI CE
8 X 35 FEET
2.5 X 10 M
168
TRAI LER
X- RAY DARKROOM
169
TRAI LER
STORAGE VAN
8 X 28 FEET
2.5 X 8.5 M
171
TRAI LER
PI PE POLE
30 TONS
27 TON
172
TRAI LER
PI PE DOLLY/ 5TH
WHEEL
2 AXLE
2 AXLE
173
TRAI LER
CABLE REEL
176
CRANE
TELESCOPI C JI B, SELF PROP. 5 TONS
PROP 5 TON
177
CRANE
TELESCOPI C JI B, SELF PROP. 10 TONS
PROP 9 TON
178
CRANE
TELESCOPI C JI B, SELF PROP. 15 TONS
PROP 14 TON
181
CRANE
TELESCOPI C JI B
TRUCK - 15 TONS TRUCK - 14
TON
182
CRANE
TELESCOPI C JI B
TRUCK - 20 TONS TRUCK - 18
TON
183
CRANE
TELESCOPI C JI B
TRUCK - 25 TONS TRUCK - 23
TON
184
CRANE
TELESCOPI C JI B
TRUCK - 30 TONS TRUCK - 27
TON
185
CRANE
TELESCOPI C JI B
TRUCK - 40 TONS TRUCK - 35
TON
186
CRANE
TELESCOPI C JI B
TRUCK - 50 TONS TRUCK - 45
TON
187
CRANE
TELESCOPI C JI B
TRUCK - 70 TONS TRUCK - 65
TON
188
CRANE
TELESCOPI C JI B
TRUCK - 80 TONS TRUCK - 70
TON
189
CRANE
TELESCOPI C JI B
TRUCK - 110
TONS
TRUCK - 100
TON
190
CRANE
TELESCOPI C JI B
TRUCK - 200
TONS
TRUCK - 180
TON
191
CRANE
FI XED JI B
TRUCK - 15 TONS TRUCK - 14
TON
192
CRANE
FI XED JI B
TRUCK - 20 TONS TRUCK - 18
TON
193
CRANE
FI XED JI B
TRUCK - 30 TONS TRUCK - 27
TON
16
32-6
3 2 Con st r u ct ion Equ ipm e n t ( G4 )
Equ ip
N o.
Equipm e nt Cla ss D e scr ipt ion
Siz e
M e t r ic Unit s
I - P Unit s
194
CRANE
FI XED JI B
TRUCK - 40 TONS TRUCK - 35
TON
195
CRANE
FI XED JI B
TRUCK - 50 TONS TRUCK - 45
TON
196
CRANE
FI XED JI B
TRUCK - 60 TONS TRUCK - 55
TON
197
CRANE
FI XED JI B
TRUCK - 90 TONS TRUCK - 80
TON
198
CRANE
FI XED JI B
TRUCK - 120
TONS
201
CRANE
FI XED JI B, CRAWLER
15 TONS
202
CRANE
FI XED JI B, CRAWLER
20 TONS
203
CRANE
FI XED JI B, CRAWLER
30 TONS
204
CRANE
FI XED JI B, CRAWLER
40 TONS
205
CRANE
FI XED JI B, CRAWLER
50 TONS
206
CRANE
FI XED JI B, CRAWLER
60 TONS
207
CRANE
FI XED JI B, CRAWLER
90 TONS
208
CRANE
FI XED JI B, CRAWLER
120 TONS
209
CRANE
FI XED JI B, CRAWLER
165 TONS
210
CRANE
FI XED JI B, CRAWLER
200 TONS
211
CRANE
FI XED JI B, CRAWLER
400 TONS
212
CRANE
TOWER- HORI Z. JI B
10T
MAX
4190LB@164FT
MAX 1900KG @
50M
213
CRANE
TOWER- HORI Z. JI B
20T
MAX
9260LB@213FT
MAX 4200KG @
65M
214
CRANE
TOWER- HORI Z. JI B
40T
MAX
6500LB@247FT
MAX 2950KG @
75M
216
CRANE
ATTACHMENT
CLAMSHELL GRAB
1 CY
0.75 M3
217
CRANE
ATTACHMENT
CLAMSHELL GRAB
2 CY
1.50 M3
218
CRANE
ATTACHMENT
CLAMSHELL GRAB
4 CY
3.00 M3
219
CRANE
ATTACHMENT
DRAGLI NE BUCKET
1 CY
0.75 M3
220
CRANE
ATTACHMENT
DRAGLI NE BUCKET
2 CY
1.50 M3
221
CRANE
ATTACHMENT
DRAGLI NE BUCKET
4 CY
3.00 M3
222
CRANE
ATTACHMENT
DRAGLI NE BUCKET
6 CY
4.50 M3
223
CRANE
ATTACHMENT
CONCRETE BUCKET
BTM DUMP 1 CY
BTM DUMP 0.75
M3
3 2 Con st r u ct ion Equipm e n t ( G4 )
TRUCK - 110
TON
32-7
Equ ip
N o.
Equipm e nt Cla ss D e scr ipt ion
32-8
Siz e
M e t r ic Unit s
I - P Unit s
224
CRANE
ATTACHMENT
CONCRETE BUCKET
BTM DUMP 3 CY
BTM DUMP 2.50
M3
226
GI N POLE
W/ HOI ST
50 TONS
45 TON
227
GI N POLE
W/ HOI ST
100 TONS
90 TON
228
GI N POLE
W/ HOI ST
150 TONS
135 TON
229
GI N POLE
W/ HOI ST
2250 TONS
200 TON
230
GI N POLE
W/ HOI ST
600 TONS
540 TON
231
DERRI CK
GUY DERRI CK
250 TONS
225 TON
233
DERRI CK
CRAWLER GUY
DERRI CK
225 TONS
200 TON
234
DERRI CK
CRAWLER GUY
DERRI CK
400 TONS
360 TON
235
PI LI NG
PI LE DRI VI NG
HAMMER
20 KFTLB DI ESEL 27 KNM DI ESEL
236
PI LI NG
PI LE DRI VI NG
HAMMER
40 KFTLB DI ESEL 55 KNM DI ESEL
237
PI LI NG
PI LE DRI VI NG
HAMMER
75 KFTLB DI ESEL 100 KNM
DI ESEL
238
PI LI NG
DRI VER/ EXTRACTOR
70 HP VI BRO
239
PI LI NG
PI LI NG FRAME, LEADS 30 FEET
10 M
240
PI LI NG
DRI LLI NG FRAME
AUGER
AUGER
241
COMPRESSOR
DI ESEL( SLI DI NG
VANE)
125 CFM
210 M3/ H
242
COMPRESSOR
DI ESEL( SLI DI NG
VANE)
250 CFM
420 M3/ H
243
COMPRESSOR
DI ESEL( SLI DI NG
VANE)
315 CFM
540 M3/ H
246
COMPRESSOR
DI ESEL( ROTARY
SCREW)
250 CFM
420 M3/ H
247
COMPRESSOR
DI ESEL( ROTARY
SCREW)
365 CFM
620 M3/ H
248
COMPRESSOR
DI ESEL( ROTARY
SCREW)
600 CFM
1000 M3/ H
249
COMPRESSOR
DI ESEL( ROTARY
SCREW)
750 CFM
1250 M3/ H
250
COMPRESSOR
DI ESEL( ROTARY
SCREW)
900 CFM
1500 M3/ H
251
COMPRESSOR
DI ESEL( ROTARY
SCREW)
1200 CFM
2000 M3/ H
VI BRO 50 KW
3 2 Con st r u ct ion Equ ipm e n t ( G4 )
Equ ip
N o.
Equipm e nt Cla ss D e scr ipt ion
Siz e
M e t r ic Unit s
I - P Unit s
256
CONCRETE
BATCHPLANT,
DEMOUNT.
20 CY/ H
15 M3/ H
257
CONCRETE
CONCRETE MI XER
6 SACK
.25 M3
258
CONCRETE
CONCRETE MI XER
16 SACK ( 1 CY)
.75 M3
261
CONCRETE
VI BRATOR GASOLI NE
2.4 HP, 2 I N HEAD 1.8 KW, 50MM
HEAD
261
CONCRETE
VI BRATOR, AI R
2.5 I N HEAD
65 MM HEAD
263
CONCRETE
CURB BUI LDR,
SLI PFORM
75 HP, DI ESEL
55 KW, DI ESEL
264
CONCRETE
POWER TROWEL, 4
BLADE
36 I N DI A
1 M DI A
266
CONCRETE
MI XER TRUCK
6 CY
5 M3
267
CONCRETE
SI TE DUMPER
.75 CY, DI ESEL
0.5 M3, DI ESEL
268
CONCRETE
STATI C PUMP
269
CONCRETE
TRUCK- MTD
PUMP&BOOM
60 CY/ H, 4I N LI NE 45 M3/ H, 100
MM
270
CONCRETE
CONVEYOR
16 I N X 40 FEET
400 MM X 12 M
271
CONCRETE
REBAR BENDER
HYDRAULI C
HYDRAULI C
272
CONCRETE
REBAR SHEAR
HYDRAULI C
HYDRAULI C
274
CONCRETE
SLI PFORM PAVER
10- 24 FEET
3- 7 M WI DE
276
WELDI NG
EQUI PMENT
PORTABLE GASOLI NE
200 AMPERES
200 AMPERES
277
WELDI NG
EQUI PMENT
PORTABLE GASOLI NE
300 AMPERES
300 AMPERES
278
WELDI NG
EQUI PMENT
PORTABLE GASOLI NE
400 AMPERES
400 AMPERES
281
WELDI NG
EQUI PMEN
PORTABLE DI ESEL
200 AMPERES
200 AMPERES
282
WELDI NG
EQUI PMEN
PORTABLE DI ESEL
300 AMPERES
200 AMPERES
283
WELDI NG
EQUI PMEN
PORTABLE DI ESEL
400 AMPERES
200 AMPERES
284
WELDI NG
EQUI PMEN
PORTABLE DI ESEL
650 A, TWI N ARC 650 A, TWI N
ARC
286
WELDI NG
EQUI PMENT
STATI C RECTI FI ER
200 AMPERES
200 AMPERES
287
WELDI NG
EQUI PMENT
STATI C RECTI FI ER
300 AMPERES
300 AMPERES
3 2 Con st r u ct ion Equipm e n t ( G4 )
32-9
Equ ip
N o.
Equipm e nt Cla ss D e scr ipt ion
32-10
Siz e
M e t r ic Unit s
I - P Unit s
288
WELDI NG
EQUI PMENT
STATI C RECTI FI ER
400 AMPERES
400 AMPERES
289
WELDI NG
EQUI PMENT
STATI C RECTI FI ER
500 AMPERES
500 AMPERES
290
WELDI NG
EQUI PMENT
STATI C RECTI FI ER
600 AMPERES
600 AMPERES
291
WELDI NG
EQUI PMENT
STATI C RECTI FI ER
650 AMPERES
650 AMPERES
293
WELDI NG
EQUI PMENT
PI PE SEMI - AUTO. CO2
294
WELDI NG
EQUI PMENT
PI PE AUTOMATI C
296
WELDI NG
EQUI PMENT
AUTO. SUB- ARC TANK BASE PLATE
BASE PLATE
297
WELDI NG
EQUI PMENT
AUTO. SUB- ARC TANK WALL
HORI ZONTAL
WALL
HORI ZONTAL
298
WELDI NG
EQUI PMENT
AUTO. SUB- ARC TANK WALL VERTI CAL
WALL VERTI CAL
301
WELDI NG
EQUI PMENT
OXY./ ACT. WELD &
CUT.
COMB. UNI T
302
WELDI NG
EQUI PMENT
PROPANE GAS SE T &
TRCH
PROPANE GAS SE
T & TRCH
306
WELDI NG
EQUI PMENT
ELECTRODE DRYI NG
OVN
311
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
SI DEBOOM
( CAT 571)
( CAT 571)
312
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
SI DEBOOM
( CAT 572)
( CAT 572)
313
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
SI DEBOOM
( CAT 583)
( CAT 583)
314
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
SI DEBOOM
( CAT 594)
( CAT 594)
316
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
CRAWLER TACK
TRACTOR
QUAD ARCS
QUAD ARCS
318
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
BENDI NG MACHI NE
6 - 20 I NCHES
150 - 500 MM
319
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
BENDI NG MACHI NE
22 - 36 I NCHES
550 - 900 MM
SUBMERGED ARC SUBMERGED
ARC
COMB. UNI T
3 2 Con st r u ct ion Equ ipm e n t ( G4 )
Equ ip
N o.
Equipm e nt Cla ss D e scr ipt ion
Siz e
M e t r ic Unit s
I - P Unit s
320
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
BENDI NG MACHI NE
38 - 48 I NCHES
950 - 1250 MM
321
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
TAPESTER, HAND
WRAP
2 - 12 I NCHES
50 - 300 MM
322
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
CLEAN PRM TAPE
MACH.
8 - 16 I NCHES
200 - 400 MM
323
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
CLEAN PRM TAPE
MACH.
16 - 26 I NCHES
400 - 650 MM
324
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
CLEAN PRM TAPE
MACH.
26 - 36 I NCHES
650 - 900 MM
325
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
CLEAN PRM TAPE
MACH.
36 - 42 I NCHES
900 - 1050 MM
326
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
CLEAN PRM TAPE
MACH.
42- 52 I NCHES
1050 - 1300
MM
328
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
I NTRNL LI NE- UP
CLAMP
16 - 18 I NCHES
400 - 450MM
329
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
I NTRNL LI NE- UP
CLAMP
20 - 22 I NCHES
500 - 550MM
330
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
I NTRNL LI NE- UP
CLAMP
24 - 26 I NCHES
600 - 650MM
331
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
I NTRNL LI NE- UP
CLAMP
30 - 32 I NCHES
750 - 800MM
332
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
I NTRNL LI NE- UP
CLAMP
34 - 36 I NCHES
850 - 900MM
333
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
I NTRNL LI NE- UP
CLAMP
40 - 42 I NCHES
1000 - 1050MM
334
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
I NTRNL LI NE- UP
CLAMP
44 - 46 I NCHES
1100 - 1150MM
335
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
I NTRNL LI NE- UP
CLAMP
OVER 48 I NCHES
OVER 1200MM
336
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
EXTRNL LI NE- UP
CLAMP
8 - 14 I NCHES
400 - 450MM
337
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
EXTRNL LI NE- UP
CLAMP
16 - 26 I NCHES
400 - 650MM
338
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
EXTRNL LI NE- UP
CLAMP
28 - 36 I NCHES
700 - 900MM
339
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
EXTRNL LI NE- UP
CLAMP
36 - 44 I NCHES
900 - 1100 MM
340
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
EXTRNL LI NE- UP
CLAMP
OVER 42 I NCHES
OVER 1100 MM
341
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
CUTTI NG &
BEVELLI NG
1 - 4 I NCHES
25 - 100 MM
342
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
CUTTI NG &
BEVELLI NG
6 - 20 I NCHES
150 - 500 MM
343
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
CUTTI NG &
BEVELLI NG
22 - 30 I NCHES
550 - 750 MM
3 2 Con st r u ct ion Equipm e n t ( G4 )
32-11
Equ ip
N o.
Equipm e nt Cla ss D e scr ipt ion
32-12
Siz e
M e t r ic Unit s
I - P Unit s
344
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
CUT & BEVEL, TORCH
10 - 48 I NCHES
250 - 1200 MM
346
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
PI PE/ CONDUI T
BENDER
0.5- 2I N RATCHET UP TO 6
I NCHES
347
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
HYDRAUL PI PE
BENDER
1.25- 4 I NCHES
30 - 100 MM
348
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
BENDER
( MECHANI CAL)
2.5- 6 I N DI A
65 - 150 MM
349
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
CUT & THREAD
MACHI NE
UP TO 6 I NCHES
UP TO 150 MM
351
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
DOUBLE JOI NTI NG
YARD
C/ W RACK
CONVYRS
C/ W RACK
CONVYRS
352
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
X- RAY EQUI PMENT
354
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
I NDUCTI ON HEATER
355
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
HOLI DAY DETECTOR
356
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
ELECTRI C THREADER
UP TO 2 I NCHES
UP TO 50 MM
358
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
BORI NG MACHI NE
ROAD BORER
ROAD BORER
361
MI SCELLANEOUS
EQUI P.
POTENTI OMETER12
POI NT
12 POI NT
362
MI SCELLANEOUS
EQUI P.
STRESS RELI EVER
TRI PLE RELI EVER TRI PLE
RELI EVER
363
MI SCELLANEOUS
EQUI P.
POWER DI ST. CENTER 10 KVA
10 KVA
364
MI SCELLANEOUS
EQUI P.
BENCH SAW
10 - 12 I NCHES
250 - 300 MM
364
MI SCELLANEOUS
EQUI P.
PAI NT PRESSURE
SPRAY
5 GAL. 8CFM
20 LI TER, 15
M3/ H
367
MI SCELLANEOUS
EQUI P.
GUNI TE
8 CY/ H
6 M3/ H
368
MI SCELLANEOUS
EQUI P.
CABLE PULLER UNI T
5000 LBF. ELEC. E LEC.
369
MI SCELLANEOUS
EQUI P.
AI R RECEI VI NG TANK
60 CF
2 M3
370
MI SCELLANEOUS
EQUI P.
CHAI N SAW
20 I NCHES
500 MM
3 2 Con st r u ct ion Equ ipm e n t ( G4 )
Equ ip
N o.
Equipm e nt Cla ss D e scr ipt ion
Siz e
M e t r ic Unit s
I - P Unit s
371
MI SCELLANEOUS
EQUI P.
TELEPHONES &
STATI ON
374
MI SCELLANEOUS
EQUI P.
TENSI OMETER WI RE
ROP
200000 LB CAP
90000 KG CAP
375
MI SCELLANEOUS
EQUI P.
TENSI OMETER WI RE
ROP
40000 LB CAP
18000 KG CAP
376
PUMP
CENTRI FUGAL
1.5 I NCHES
40 MM
377
PUMP
CENTRI FUGAL
2.0 I NCHES
50 MM
378
PUMP
I NJECTI ON PUMP
I NHI BI TOR
I NHI BI TOR
379
PUMP
SUBMERSI BLE,
DEWATERG
4 I NCHES, 9 HP
100 MM, 7 KW
380
PUMP
SUBMERSI BLE,
DEWATERG
6 I NCHES, 27 HP
150 MM, 20 KW
381
PUMP
HYDROSTATI C TEST
4000 PSI
27500 KPA
382
PUMP
WATER FI LL
4 I N, 110 GPM
100 MM, 7L/ S
383
PUMP
WELLPOI NTS & HOSE
8 I N, PER 100 FT
200 MM, PER 30
M
384
PUMP
WELLPOI NT,
DI APHRAGM
8 I NCHES
SUCTI ON
200 MM
SUCTI ON
385
PUMP
DI APHRAGM
4 I NCHES
SUCTI ON
100 MM
SUCTI ON
386
PNEUMATI C PORT. AI R WRENCH
TOOL
1.25 I N DRI VE
30 MM DRI VE
387
PNEUMATI C PORT. JACK HAMMER
TOOL
65 LBS
30 KG
388
PNEUMATI C PORT. SAND BLAST MACHI NE 600 LBS, 7CF
TOOL
275 KG, 0.2 M3
391
ELECTRI C EQUI P/
TOOL
LI GHT PLANT
3000 WATT
3000 WATT
392
ELECTRI C EQUI P/
TOOL
DRI LL PRESS
1.5 I NCHES
40 MM
395
ELECTRI C EQUI P/
TOOL
DRI LL
1.0 I NCH
25 MM
396
ELECTRI C EQUI P/
TOOL
GENERATOR SET
6 KW
6 KW
397
ELECTRI C EQUI P/
TOOL
GENERATOR SET
10 KW
10 KW
398
ELECTRI C EQUI P/
TOOL
GENERATOR SET
20 KW
20 KW
399
ELECTRI C EQUI P/
TOOL
GENERATOR SET
60 KW
60 KW
400
ELECTRI C EQUI P/
TOOL
GENERATOR SET
100 KW
100 KW
3 2 Con st r u ct ion Equipm e n t ( G4 )
32-13
Equ ip
N o.
Equipm e nt Cla ss D e scr ipt ion
32-14
Siz e
M e t r ic Unit s
I - P Unit s
401
ELECTRI C EQUI P/
TOOL
GENERATOR SET
150 KW
150 KW
402
ELECTRI C EQUI P/
TOOL
GENERATOR SET
200 KW
200 KW
404
ELECTRI C EQUI P/
TOOL
SAW, CI RCULAR
6 I NCHES
150 MM
406
ELECTRI C EQUI P/
TOOL
ELECTRI C GRI NDER
6 I NCHES
150 MM
407
ELECTRI C EQUI P/
TOOL
PEDESTAL GRI NDER
12 I NCHES
300 MM
408
ELECTRI C EQUI P/
TOOL
LATHE
9 I NCHES
225 MM
411
HOI ST
HAND- CHAI N
1.5 TONS
1.5 TON
412
HOI ST
HAND- CHAI N
4.5 TONS
4 TON
413
HOI ST
HAND- CHAI N
10 TONS
9 TON
414
HOI ST
HAND- CHAI N
2.0 TONS
2 TON
416
HOI ST
SI NGLE DRUM
22 HP
16 KW
417
HOI ST
DOUBLE DRUM
32 HP
24 KW
419
HOI ST
PORTABLE MATL.
TOWER
1.0 TONS
1 TON
419
HOI ST
PORTABLE MATL.
TOWER
1.0 TONS
1.0 TONS
421
ASPHALT
EQUI PMENT
PAVER/ FI NI SHER
10 FEET WI DE
3 M WI DE
422
ASPHALT
EQUI PMENT
SPREADER TRAI LER,
GAS
2000 GAL, SPRAY 7.50 M3, SPRAY
424
ASPHALT
EQUI PMENT
BI TUMEN TANKER
2000 GALLON
425
ASPHALT
EQUI PMENT
ASPHALT HEATER
426
SI TE/ OFFI CE
EQUI P
TRANSI T THEODOLI TE
427
SI TE/ OFFI CE
EQUI P
PORTABLE BUI LDI NGS PER 1000 SF
PER 100 M2
430
SI TE/ OFFI CE
EQUI P.
SPACE HEATR, OI L,
AUTO
40 KW
150 MBTU
7.50 M3
3 2 Con st r u ct ion Equ ipm e n t ( G4 )
Equ ip
N o.
Equipm e nt Cla ss D e scr ipt ion
Siz e
M e t r ic Unit s
I - P Unit s
435
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
ROLI CRADLE
4 - 12 I NCHES
100 - 300MM
436
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
ROLI CRADLE
12 - 24 I NCHES
300 - 600MM
437
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
ROLI CRADLE
24 - 36 I NCHES
300 - 600MM
438
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
ROLI CRADLE
36 - 42 I NCHES
900 - 1050 MM
439
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
ROLI CRADLE
OVER 42 I NCHES
OVER 1050 MM
440
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
HOT TAP MACHI NE
2 - 4 I NCHES
50 - 100 MM
441
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
HOT TAP MACHI NE
6 - 12 I NCHES
150 - 300 MM
442
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
HOT TAP MACHI NE
14 - 20 I NCHES
350 - 500 MM
443
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
HOT TAP MACHI NE
24 - 48 I NCHES
600 - 1200 MM
444
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
BUTT FUSI ON
MACHI NE
2 - 4 I NCHES
50 - 100 MM
445
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
BUTT FUSI ON
MACHI NE
6 - 8 I NCHES
150 - 200 MM
446
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
BUTT FUSI ON
MACHI NE
10 - 18 I NCHES
250 - 450 MM
447
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
BUTT FUSI ON
MACHI NE
20 - 30 I NCHES
500 - 750 MM
448
PI PI NG
EQUI PMENT
BUTT FUSI ON
MACHI NE
36 - 48 I NCHES
900 - 1200 MM
3 2 Con st r u ct ion Equipm e n t ( G4 )
32-15
32-16
3 2 Con st r u ct ion Equ ipm e n t ( G4 )
3 3 Ba se I n dice s
( G1 3 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
Base I ndices
3 3 Ba se I n dice s ( G1 3 )
33-1
Ba se I n dice s
These indices are generat ed by I carus aft er updat ing t he syst em cost s
( engineering disciplines, wage rat es, m at erial cost s, shop and field labor rat es,
const ruct ion equipm ent r ent al rat es, et c.) . We run est im at es on our
benchm ark proj ect s using t he updat ed syst em and t hen use t he result s t o
calculat e t he indices. Since our benchm ark proj ect s cont ain a variet y of
com ponent t ypes fabricat ed from a variet y of m at erials, t hese indices are a
com posit e of t he individual cost adj ust m ent s t hat are m ade. These indices do
not derive from public sources and t hey m ay not accurat ely reflect how t he
updat e will affect your t ypical proj ect s. To evaluat e t his, you should run
benchm ark proj ect s and develop your own adj ust m ent s. Not e: “ 1 Q”
represent s first quart er, “ 3 Q” repr esent s t hird quart er.
Coun t r y Ba se D a t a
Ba se
for Syst e m
Cost s
US
33-2
Current : 1Q2012
Prior: 1Q- 2011
1Q- 2010
1Q- 2009
1Q- 2008
1Q- 2007
1Q- 2006
1Q- 2005
1Q- 2004
1Q- 2003
1Q- 2002
1Q- 2001
1Q- 2000
1Q- 1999
1Q- 1998
1Q- 1997
1Q- 1996
1Q- 1995
1Q- 1994
1Q- 1993
1Q- 1992
1Q- 1991
Syst e m Ba se I nde x by Ca t e gor y
Ge ne r a l
M a t e r ia ls
Const r uct ion
La bor
D e sign
Const r uct ion
Engine e r ing
M a na ge m e nt
La bor
La bor
2330
2030
1530
1800
2250
2120
2040
2200
2060
1900
1840
1630
1540
1510
1520
1520
1510
1525
1500
1485
1460
1390
1370
1360
1350
2000
2000
2010
1960
1890
1820
1750
1690
1630
1590
1550
1510
1460
1430
1400
1365
1340
1320
1310
1290
1270
1560
1590
1620
1620
1540
1490
1480
1460
1480
1470
1450
1440
1450
1450
1450
1460
1480
1460
1450
1420
1390
1800
1620
1660
1630
1540
1490
1480
1480
1460
1480
1470
1450
1440
1450
1450
1450
1460
1480
1460
1450
1420
1390
3 3 Ba se I n dice s ( G1 3 )
Coun t r y Ba se D a t a
Ba se
for Syst e m
Cost s
UK
JP
3 3 Ba se I n dice s ( G1 3 )
Syst e m Ba se I nde x by Ca t e gor y
Ge ne r a l
M a t e r ia ls
Const r uct ion
La bor
D e sign
Const r uct ion
Engine e r ing
M a na ge m e nt
La bor
La bor
Current : 1Q2012
Prior: 1Q- 2011
1Q- 2010
1Q- 2009
1Q- 2008
1Q- 2007
1Q- 2006
1Q- 2005
1Q- 2004
1Q- 2003
1Q- 2002
1Q- 2001
1Q- 2000
1Q- 1999
1Q- 1998
1Q- 1997
1Q- 1996
1Q- 1995
1Q- 1994
1Q- 1993
1Q- 1992
1Q- 1991
3100
4970
4750
4860
3080
2910
2910
2830
2630
2500
2420
2290
2230
2190
2140
2080
2140
2100
2050
1990
1910
1850
1780
1670
4580
4370
4290
4020
3830
3670
3510
3360
3220
3120
2980
2850
2700
2550
2410
2310
2200
2160
2110
2050
1930
4780
4600
4450
4420
4190
3970
3810
3670
3540
3480
3360
3210
2950
2780
2620
2470
2380
2280
2210
2140
2020
4470
4270
4190
4080
3890
3790
3670
3570
3510
3410
3250
3110
3050
2880
2660
2470
2380
2280
2210
2140
2020
Current : 1Q2012
Prior: 1Q- 2011
1Q- 2010
1Q- 2009
1Q- 2008
1Q- 2007
1Q- 2006
1Q- 2005
1Q- 2004
1Q- 2003
1Q- 2002
1Q- 2001
1Q- 2000
1Q- 1999
1Q- 1998
1Q- 1997
1Q- 1996
1Q- 1995
1Q- 1994
1550
1130
2060
1940
1580
1480
1500
1750
1760
1450
1410
1330
1220
1210
1230
1260
1370
1350
1255
1250
1250
1390
1130
1140
1150
1150
1160
1170
1180
1200
1250
1300
1330
1350
1370
1350
1340
1350
1350
1320
2030
1950
1900
1930
1960
1460
1440
1380
1370
1350
1360
1360
1360
1360
1350
1360
1390
1460
1910
1830
1780
1820
1840
1470
1460
1400
1380
1370
1370
1370
1350
1350
1350
1360
1390
1460
33-3
Coun t r y Ba se D a t a
Ba se
for Syst e m
Cost s
EU
ME
33-4
Syst e m Ba se I nde x by Ca t e gor y
Ge ne r a l
M a t e r ia ls
Const r uct ion
La bor
D e sign
Const r uct ion
Engine e r ing
M a na ge m e nt
La bor
La bor
Current : 1Q2012
Prior: 1Q- 2011
1Q- 2010
1Q- 2009
1Q- 2008
1Q- 2007
1Q- 2006
1Q- 2005
1Q- 2004
1Q- 2003
1Q- 2002
1Q- 2001
2320
1840
1850
1720
2280
2220
2180
2170
2030
1780
1700
1640
1580
1560
1520
1920
1860
1840
1790
1720
1700
1670
1650
1630
1600
1550
1880
1810
1790
1730
1660
1590
1560
1550
1530
1510
1450
1790
1740
1720
1670
1600
1580
1560
1540
1520
1490
1450
Current : 1Q2012
Prior: 1Q- 2011
1Q- 2010
1Q- 2009
1Q- 2008
1Q- 2007
2390
2280
1620
1870
2380
2230
2160
2200
2060
2030
1950
1930
1970
1890
1620
1590
1580
1610
1540
1660
1590
1580
1610
1540
3 3 Ba se I n dice s ( G1 3 )
3 4 Code Accou n t s
( G1 0 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
I nt roduct ion t o Code Account s
I ndirect Codes and Descript ions
Direct Codes and Descript ions
Equipm ent and Set t ing
Piping
Civil
St eel
I nst rum ent at ion
Elect r ical
I nsulat ion
Paint
3 4 Code Accou n t s ( G1 0 )
34-1
I n t r odu ct ion t o Code Accou n t s
Aspen I carus syst em s cont ain a 3- digit st andard code of account set t o which
cost s and m anhours are allocat ed in developing t he proj ect est im at e. This is
referred t o as t he “ I CARUS” code of account s. The code of account s form can
be used eit her t o m odify t he I CARUS st andard code of account s or t o creat e a
com plet ely new set of account s. The result ing user- developed code of
account s is t erm ed as t he “ user ” code of account s. I n addit ion, t he user m ay
develop t wo set s of code of account s, nam ely, a “ user- report ing” code of
account s, and an “ user- int ernal” code of account s, where t he report ing code of
account s represent t he level of granularit y t hat user wishes t o see in t he
out put report s, and t he int ernal code of account s r efers t o t he allocat ion and
grouping of t he st andard I CARUS syst em code of account s t o a level of det ail
int ended for t he user, for t he purposes of indexing and cont ract scope
definit ion. I f new codes of account are defined, account codes m ust be
supplied and all references t o t he account codes in subsequent codes m ust
reference t he new codes of account ( except ions t o t his rule will be discussed
subsequent ly) . I f m odificat ions are m ade t o exist ing code of account s, t he
account code m ust not be specified, since t he account code is im plicit ly defined
based on t he account num ber t hat is used.
The Code of Account s input dat a is com posed of t hree t ypes. The code of
account “ Definit ions” are used t o define eit her a nam e for a new account
num ber or a new nam e for a st andard I CARUS account . The code of account
“ allocat ions” are used t o reassign cost s and m anhours from one or m ore
st andard syst em account s int o eit her anot her I CARUS account or a newly
defined user code of account . Cost s and m anhours m ay be assigned direct ly
int o a curr ent account or int o a new account wit h a supplem ent al cost it em .
The code of account “ report ing” is used t o furt her group a very det ailed userdeveloped code of account s int o a sm aller set of account s t hat can be
displayed in out put report s. The user ’s int ernal code of account s m ust be used
on indexing and cont ract scope input form s, if t he user code of account s is
developed. How ever, for t he ease of exchange of com ponent s bet ween
m ult iple pr oj ect s, t he user m ay swit ch bet ween t he user- int ernal code of
account s and I CARUS syst em code of account num bers by using t he
appropriat e swit ch bet ween user/ I CARUS code of account s. How ever, t he
user ’s report ing code of account s is never used in t he input form s, and
displayed only t he out put report s. I n t he absence of report ing code of
account s, out put report s use t he user ( int ernal) code of account s.
M odifyin g t h e Syst e m Code of Accou n t s
The I CARUS st andard code of account s m ay be t ransform ed int o a new code of
account s in one or m ore of t he follow ing ways:
34-2
•
An I CARUS account nam e can be changed.
•
A new account can be creat ed by defining it . This m ust be in t he range
1- 999 and m ust not already be defined as a st andard account .
•
Cost s and m anhours can be reassigned from one account t o anot her.
3 4 Code Account s ( G1 0 )
The account code for t he m odified code of account s m ust not be specified and
is det erm ined by t he syst em ( for exam ple, PI PI NG account code includes all
account s from 300 t o 399) .
Creating a Different Code of Accounts
A new code of account s m ay be cr eat ed t hat is different from t he I CARUS
syst em st andards code of account s. A new code of account s is t he one in which
one or bot h of t he follow ing condit ions are m et :
•
Account num bers are creat ed out side t he range of t he I CARUS syst em
code of account s ( i.e., out side t he range of 1- 999, e.g., 1000- 99999999) .
•
The account t ype ( piping, civil, et c.) m ust be specified, t hus changing t he
account num ber range t o w hich t he account t ype is applied.
To develop a different code of account s, every required code of account m ust
be specified, and t he account t ype m ust be specified t o designat e it s allocat ion
in various sum m ary report s. This caveat applies t o t he indirect codes of
account , where all indirect account t ypes P1 t hrough PB m ust be specified.
Thus, t hese account s, as defined, will const it ut e t he ent ire code of account s
( direct and indirect ) for t he est im at e.
While m odifying t he I CARUS code of account s, or creat ing a com plet ely new
user code of account s, t he user m ay specify t he currency sym bol of
procurem ent . This currency sym bol refers t o direct m at erial procurem ent cost ,
and t o a lim it ed set of indirect , and allows t he user t o develop a m ult i- currency
procurem ent st rat egy. The sym bols and conversion rat es ( in t erm s of a
m ult iplier t o one of t he four count ry basis currencies in t he syst em ) at e st ored
in a cent ral CURRENCY.DAT file. When a part icular, direct m at erial code of
account is defined as being procured in t he select ed currency, special
procurem ent out put report s display t he currency exposure of t he given proj ect
in t erm s of t hat select ed currency, in addit ion t o t he proj ect basis currency.
However, all ot her report s are always in t he pr oj ect currency.
Transfers from t he I CARUS syst em st andard code of account s t o t he Userint ernal code of account s can be very sim ple or com plex, depending on t he
desire of breakdown. Breakdown can be very com plex, by m at erial, subt ype,
size ( for piping) , equipm ent sym bol and equipm ent t ype. Thus, a single code
of account can be broken int o m ult iple codes. This t ransfer is perform ed using
t he code of account allocat ion, t oget her wit h except ions. User- int ernal code of
account s are referred t o, in t he user input , in t he indexing and cont ract or
scope input . As already m ent ioned, t he user m ay choose eit her t he userint ernal code of account or t he I CARUS syst em code of account s on t he
com ponent form s, using t he user/ I CARUS swit ch.
Ex a m ple
The allocat ions are one st ep t ransfers from one account t o a second account .
They should not be int erpret ed as sequent ial t ransfers. For exam ple, if t he
following cost s were calculat ed by t he syst em in t he designat ed codes of
account :
COA
Cost
315
1000
417
10000
591
100000
3 4 Code Accou n t s ( G1 0 )
34-3
Fr om I CARUS
COA
To I CARUS COA
Alloca t e t o
I CARUS Use r
M a t l COA
315
blank
4178325
417
blank
5911234
591
blank
4178325
The following result ing allocat ions would be report ed, if no furt her report ing
COAs are specified:
COA
Cost
315
0
4178325
1000
5911234
110000
However, allocat ions have been specified in a different sequence, t he sam e
result will be report ed.
Re por t in g Code of Accou n t s
Creat ing com plex user code of account s is im port ant for proper indexing,
cont ract scope allocat ion, and procurem ent st rat egy. But , it m ay be necessary
t o sum m arize t he result s in a sim ple form for easy underst anding of result s. I n
ot her cases, t he result s m ay be sum m arized in t o ways, one for t he use of t he
client , and anot her way for t he use of t he m anagem ent . The report ing code of
account layer provides a m et hod of sum m arizing t he user- int ernal code of
account s int o a sim pler set for report ing use. The only place t hat t he report ing
code of account s is used, is in report ing. The report ing COA form allows t he
user t o group t he user- int ernal or I CARUS Codes of account t o a m ore
m anageable subset , for report ing purposes.
Ex a m ple
COA
Cost
3154
1000
3191
10000
3300
100000
Fr om I CARUS
COA
To I CARUS COA
Alloca t e t o
I CARUS Use r
M a t l COA
3100
3300
3
The following result ing allocat ions would be report ed:
34-4
COA
Cost
3
111000
3 4 Code Account s ( G1 0 )
There are several useful applicat ions for t he Code of Account s input :
•
Mult iple Codes of account files can creat ed for different client s in t he code
of account s library. Each file can represent t he client ’s COA st ruct ure.
Appropriat e COA file can be select ed at t he proj ect level and used.
•
Cost s can be m oved from one account gr oup t o ot her. For exam ple, t he
syst em report s elect rical t r enching in t he elect r ical account , and t he user
m ay wish t o report t r enching as a civil it em . The syst em m aint ains fidelit y
in account groups, in t hree dist inct cat egories, indirect s, bulks and
equipm ent . Codes can be t ransferred inside t he t hr ee cat egor ies, but not
bet ween t hem . This applies t o bot h, report ing and t he user- int ernal code
of account s.
•
A special supplem ent al it em is t o be added t o t he est im at e. The user m ay
wish t o creat e a new account t o m aint ain visibilit y of t he
supplem ent al cost .
•
On t he cont rary, an ent irely new set of code of account s can be creat ed.
This m ay be useful in clarifying t he cost s of t he proj ect t o t he
m anagem ent , in addit ion t o indexing and defining t he cont ract or scope.
•
Use of report ing codes of account allow t he separat ion of report ing
st ruct ure fr om t he user- int ernal COA st ruct ure. More im port ant ly, it
sim plifies report ing t he est im at e result s t o t he client .
•
Currency select ion at t he account definit ion level allows t he user t o develop
a pr ocurem ent st rat egy for t he proj ect .
Ou t pu t Re por t s
The Code of Account s Sum m ary reflect s t he user- specified account num bers
and nam es. The Mast er Sum m ary, Contract Sum m aries and Area Sum m aries
allocat e t he est im at ed cost s according t o t he account t ype ( piping, civil, and so
on) . I t is incum bent upon t he user when defining an ent irely different code of
account s t o specify account t ypes t hat correspond wit h t he chosen account
num ber gr oups. An inconsist ency would occur, for exam ple, if, wit hin a series
of account num bers for piping ( P) , one of t he account s were assigned an
inst rum ent at ion account t ype ( I ) . This account would be grouped num erically
wit h t he piping account s in t he Code of Account s Sum m ary, but it would be
sum m arized wit h inst rum ent at ion in t he ot her sum m aries. This inconsist ency
could be avoided by allocat ing t his account int o a num bered account in t he
I nst rum ent at ion group. Then t he est im at ed cost s and m an- hours for t his it em
would appear bot h in a num bered inst rum ent at ion account and in t he
inst rum ent at ion sum m ary.
I n t he Bulk Det ail and Bulk Sum m ary Appendices of t he syst em out put report
t he user- specified account num bers are report ed, but t he account nam es are
t he syst em nam es and not t he user- specified nam es. The syst em account
nam e form s an int egral part of t he det ailed it em descript ion. I t is necessary,
t herefore, t o ret ain t he syst em account nam e in t hese appendices for clarit y
and for Aspen I carus t o pr ovide t echnical support .
3 4 Code Accou n t s ( G1 0 )
34-5
I n dir e ct Code s a n d D e scr ipt ion s
34-6
Field Indirects (P1)
Engineering Indirects (PA)
01 - 09 Tit les not assigned
10 LUMP SUM CONST. I NDI RECT
11 FRI NGE BENEFI TS
12 BURDENS
13 CONSUMABLES, SMALL TOOLS
14 MI SC. ( I NSURANCE, ETC)
15 SCAFFOLDI NG
16 EQUI PMENT RENTAL
17 VENDOR REPRESENTATI VES
18 FI ELD SERVI CES
19 TEMP. CONST., UTI LI TI ES
20 MOBI LI ZATI ON, DEMOBI LI ZE
21 CATERI NG, ACCOMODATI ON
22 TRAVEL
23 OVERTI ME PREMI UM
80 LUMP SUM CONST. MGMT
81 HOME OFFI CE CONST. SUPP.
82 CONSTRUCTI ON MANAGEMENT
83 - 84 Tit les not assigned
Special Indirects (P2
Contractor Indirects (PB)
24 SPECI AL I NDI RECT I TEM 1
25 SPECI AL I NDI RECT I TEM 2
26 - 49 Tit les not assigned
85 FI ELD CONST. SUPERVI SI ON
86 STARTUP, COMI SSI ONI NG
Fr e igh t ( P3 )
G & A Overheads (P6)
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
90 G AND A OVERHEADS
LUMP SUM FREI GHT
DOMESTI C FREI GHT
OCEAN FREI GHT
AI R FREI GHT
MODULE FREI GHT
OTHER FRI EGHT
- 59 Tit t les not assigned
Taxes (P4)
Contractor Fee (P7)
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
91 CONTRACT FEE
LUMP SUM TAXES, PERMI TS
PERMI TS
MATERI ALS TAXES
CONSTRUCTI ON TAXES
ENGI NEERI NG TAXES
OTHER TAXES
- 69 Tit les not assigned
Engineering (P5)
Escalation (P8)
70
71
72
73
74
75
76 -
97 ESCALATI ON
LUMP SUM ENGI NEERI NG
BASI C ENGI NEERI NG
DETAI L ENGI NEERI NG
MATERI AL PROCUREMENT
SUBCONTRACT PROCUREMENT
ENGI NEERI NG MANAGEMENT
79 Tit les not assigned
3 4 Code Account s ( G1 0 )
Field Indirects (P1)
Engineering Indirects (PA)
Royalty, Miscellaneous Charges (P9)
98 ROYALTY, MI SC. CHARGES
92 - 96 Tit les not assigned
Contingencies (P0)
99 CONTI NGENCY
3 4 Code Accou n t s ( G1 0 )
34-7
D ir e ct Code s a n d D e scr ipt ion s
Equ ipm e n t a n d Se t t in g
34-8
100
103
104
105
106
107
109
EQUI PMENT AND SETTI NG
SPECI AL PLANT I TEM
SPECI AL EQUI PMENT I TEM
MI SC. I TEM ALLOWANCE
OTHER EQUI PMENT I TEMS
WAREHOUSE SPARES
EQUI PMENT DEMOLI TI ON
200
201
202
203
204
205
FLUI D SEPARATI ON EQUI P.
DUST COLLECTORS
SCRUBBERS
BAG HOUSES
PRECI PI TATORS
SEPARATORS
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
PROCESS VESSELS
TRAY TOWERS & TRAYS
PACKED TOWERS & PACKI NG
VERTI CAL VESSELS
HORI ZONTAL VESSELS
VACUUM VESSELS
CRYSTALLI ZERS
EVAPORATORS
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
MATERI ALS HANDLI NG EQUI P
CONVEYORS
FEEDERS
CRANES,HOI STS,ETC
ELEVATORS
SCALES
MAGNETS
CAR DUMPERS & SHAKERS
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
STORAGE VESSELS
ATMOSPHERI C STORAGE TANK
PRESSURI ZED STORAGE TANK
SI LOS
BI NS AND HOPPERS
GAS HOLDERS
STOCK CHESTS
220
221
222
223
224
ELECTRI CAL GENERATORS
GAS TURBI NE GENERATORS
DI ESEL GENERATORS
STEAM TURBI NE GENERATORS
PORTABLE GENERATORS
130
131
132
133
134
REACTI ON,MI XI NG EQUI P.
REACTORS & AUTOCLAVES
AGI TATED VESSELS
BLENDERS
MI XERS
240
241
242
243
244
BOI LER PLANT EQUI PMENT
BOI LERS
PACKAGE BOI LER
ECONOMI ZERS
PREHEATERS
150
151
152
153
154
COMPRESSORS & BLOWERS
CENTRI FUGAL COMPRESSORS
RECI PROCATI NG COMPRESSOR
TURBO- EXPAND. COMPRESSOR
FANS AND BLOWERS
250
251
252
253
254
255
PROCESS HEATERS
FURNACES,HEATERS
WASTE HEAT BOI LERS
I NCI NERATORS
KI LNS
STACKS
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
PUMPS
CENTRI FUGAL PUMPS
RECI PROCATI NG PUMPS
VACUUM PUMPS
ROTARY,GEAR PUMPS
VERTI CAL PUMPS
SUMP & WELL PUMPS
SLURRY PUMPS
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
HEAT EXCHANGERS
SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGERS
REBOI LERS
DOUBLE PI PE EXCHANGERS
AI R COOLERS
COOLI NG TOWERS
MI SC. HEAT EXCHANGERS
3 4 Code Account s ( G1 0 )
170
171
172
173
174
175
DRI VERS & GEAR REDUCERS
ELECTRI C MOTORS
STEAM TURBI NES
GAS TURBI NES
GAS & DI ESEL ENGI NES
GEAR REDUCERS
270
271
272
273
274
275
LI NI NGS
REFRACTORY LI NI NGS
ACI D BRI CK LI NI NGS
CAST LI NI NGS
POND LI NI NGS
OTHER LI NI NGS
180
181
182
183
184
185
SI ZE REDUCTI ON EQUI P
CRUSHERS,BREAKERS
MI LLS
PULVERI ZERS
CUTTERS,FLAKERS
STOCK TREATMENT
280
281
282
283
284
285
MI SC. PACKAGE UNI TS
REFRI GERATI ON UNI TS
HVAC EQUI PMENT
WATER TREATI NG UNI TS
I NSTRUMENT AI R SYSTEMS
MODULE SETTI NG
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
SOLI DS SEPARATI ON EQUI P.
SCREENS AND GRI ZZLI ES
FI LTERS
CENTRI FUGES
DRYERS
LI QUI D CYCLONES
FLOATATI ON CELLS
THI CKENERS,CLARI FI ERS
290
291
292
293
MI SCELLANEOUS EQUI PMENT
EJECTORS
PROPRI ETARY EQUI PMENT
FLARES
3 4 Code Accou n t s ( G1 0 )
34-9
Pipin g
300
302
303
304
305
306
307
309
PI PI NG
SUBCONTRACT PI PI NG
SPECI AL PLANT PI PI NG
SPECI AL EQUI P. PI PI NG
OTHER EQUI PMENT PI PE
PI PI NG SYSTEM TESTI NG
PREFAB PI PE REWORK
PI PI NG DEMOLI TI ON
NON- METAL PI PE/ FI TTI NGS
NON- METAL FI ELD MAT’L
NON- METAL FI ELD SHOP FAB
NONMETAL REMOTESHOP MATL
NONMETAL REMOTESHOP FAB
NON- METAL VALVES
310 CARBON STL PI PE/ FI TTI NGS
311CS FI ELD MAT’L
312CS FI ELD SHOP FAB
313CS REMOTE SHOP MAT’L
314CS REMOTE SHOP FAB
315CS VALVES: FLANGED
316CS VALVES: NON- FLANGED
317CS PI PE ERECTI ON
357 NON- METAL PI PE ERECTI ON
320 STAI NLESS PI PE/ FI TTI NGS
321SS FI ELD MAT’L
322SS FI ELD SHOP FAB
323SS REMOTE SHOP MAT’L
324SS REMOTE SHOP FAB
325SS VALVES: FLANGED
326SS VALVES: NON- FLANGED
327SS PI PE ERECTI ON
360
361
362
363
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
MI SC.METAL PI PE/ FI TTI NGS
MI SC. METAL FI ELD MAT’L
MI SC.METAL FI ELDSHOP FAB
MI SC.METAL RMT SHOP MATL
MI SC. METAL RMT SHOP FAB
MI SC.METAL VALVE: FLANGED
MI SC.METAL VALVE: NOFLANG
MI SC.METAL PI PE ERECTI ON
365 HAND CONTROLS
366 PI PE HANGERS, SHOES ETC.
340
341
342
343
344
345
LI NED
LI NED
LI NED
LI NED
LI NED
LI NED
368 MECHANI CAL CONNECTI ONS
369 FLOW DI VERSI ON PANELS
PI PE/ FI TTI NGS
PI PE FI ELD MAT’L
FI ELD SHOP FAB
REMOTE SHOP MAT’L
REMOTE SHOP FAB
VALVES
347 LI NED PI PE ERECTI ON
34-10
350
351
352
353
354
355
370
371
372
373
374
376
377
378
PI PI NG SPECI ALTI ES
TRAPS & VACUUM BREAKERS
TRACI NG TUBI NG & FI TTI NG
JACKET I NTERCONNECTI ONS
FI REWATER, BURI ED PI PE
FI REWATER PI PI NG
HYDRANTS,HOSE,NOZZLE,ETC
DELUGE SYSTEMS
SHOWER, EYEWASH, ETC.
BURI ED PI PE I NSTALLATI ON
PI PE TRENCH & BACKFI LL
COAT AND WRAP PI PE
3 4 Code Account s ( G1 0 )
3 4 Code Accou n t s ( G1 0 )
380
381
382
383
DUCTWORK/ LAUNDERS
PROCESS DUCTWORK
HVAC DUCTWORK
LAUNDERS
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
PI PELI NES
PI PELI NE- MAI NLI NE PI PE
PI PELI NE- VALVES,FI TTI NGS
PI PELI NE- FAB. & I NSTALL
PI PELI NE- SCRAPER L/ R
PI PELI NE- DBL JOI NT/ COAT
PI PELI NE- SUPPORTS
PI PELI NE- RADI OGRAPH TEST
PI PELI NE- MARI NE WORK
PI PELI NE- MI SC. PI PI NG
34-11
Civil
34-12
400
402
403
404
405
409
CI VI L
SUBCONTRACT CI VI L
SPECI AL PLANT CI VI L
SPECI AL EQUI P. CI VI L
SCAFFOLDI NG
CI VI L DEMOLI TI ON
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
EARTHWORK
CLEAR SI TE
BULK EXCAVATI ON
ROCK EXCAVATI ON
BLASTI NG
HAULI NG & DUMPI NG
SI TE FI LL & COMPACT
DEWATERI NG
STABI LI ZATI ON
CONTAI NMENT,EMBANKMENTS
460 PRECAST CONCRETE
461 PRECAST PI PERACK
462 PRECAST BEAMS & COLUMNS
420
421
422
423
424
425
ROADS,RAI LROADS
GRADE,COMPACT BASE
ROADS
PAVI NG
RAI LROADS
BOARD ROADS
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
OTHER SI TEWORK
TEST BORI NGS
DEMOLI TI ON & RELOCATI ON
LANDSCAPI NG
FENCI NG
RETAI NI NG WALLS
PI LI NG
SHORI NG
DRI LLED WELLS
DRAI NAGE
480 MI SCELLANEOUS CI VI L
481 LI NI NGS AND COATI NGS
485 OFFSHORE CI VI L
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
CONCRETE
AGGREGATE
CEMENT
SAND
POURED CONCRETE
GROUT
CONCRETE POUR AND FI NI SH
EXCAVATI ON & BACKFI LL
MI SCELLANEOUS CONCRETE
OTHER EQUI P. CONCRETE
490
491
492
493
494
499
REBAR, FORMWORK, ETC.
REBAR
FOUNDATI ON ACCESSORI ES
I NSTALL REBAR
FORMWORK MATERI ALS
FI ELD FABRI CATE FORMWORK
I NSTALL FORMWORK
STRI P & CLEAN FORMWORK
BACKFI LL
BUI LDI NGS
SUBCONTRACT BUI LDI NGS
BLDG STRUCTURE/ FI NI SHES
BUI LDI NG FURNI SHI NGS
BUI LDI NG ELECTRI CAL
BUI LDI NG PLUMBI NG
BUI LDI NG HVAC
PI PELI NE CI VI L WORK
PI PELI NE- ROW & SI TE WORK
PI PELI NE- ROW CROSSI NGS
PI PELI NE- DI TCHI NG
PI PELI NE- ANCHORS/ SUPPORT
PI PELI NE- MI SC. CI VI L
3 4 Code Account s ( G1 0 )
St e e l
500
502
503
504
509
STEEL
SUBCONTRACT STEEL
SPECI AL PLANT STEEL
SPECI AL EQUI P. STEEL
STEEL DEMOLI TI ON
540 TOWERS AND TRUSSES
541 STEEL TOWERS
542 STEEL TRUSSES
510
511
512
513
519
EQUI PMENT STEEL
EQUI PMENT SUPPORT STEEL
LADDERS
PLATFORMS
OTHER EQUI PMENT STEEL
550 STEEL PLATE I TEMS
551 FABRI CATED PLATE
520
521
522
523
STRUCTURAL STEEL
STEEL STRUCTURES
PI PERACK STEEL
PI PE SUPPORTS
580 OFFSHORE STEELWORK
530
531
532
533
534
535
OTHER STEEL I TEMS
FLOORI NG & STAI R TREADS
HANDRAI L AND TOE PLATE
OTHER BLDG/ STRUCT STEEL
BUI LDI NG SI DI NG
MI SCELLANEOUS STEEL I TEM
590
591
592
593
3 4 Code Accou n t s ( G1 0 )
OTHER STEELWORK
STEEL UNLOAD & HANDLI NG
THRUST ANCHORS
DEFLECTI ON ANCHORS
34-13
I n st r u m e n t a t ion
600
602
603
604
609
I NSTRUMENTATI ON
SUBCONTRCT I NSTMENTATI ON
SPECI AL PLANT I NSTRUMENT
SPECI AL EQUI P I NSTRUMENT
I NSTRUMENT DEMOLI TI ON
640
641
642
644
645
646
647
648
649
I NSTR. SUPPORT & ENCL.
TRAYS & SUPPORT
CONDUI T & FI TTI NGS
I NSTRUMENT HOUSI NG
PNEU. JUNCTI ON BOXES
ELEC. JUNCTI ON BOXES
T/ C JUNCTI ON BOXES
MULTI PLEX JUNCTI ON BOXES
OTHER SUPPORTS
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
FI ELD I NSTRUMENTATI ON
FLOW I NSTRUMENTS
LEVEL I NSTRUMENTS
PRESSURE I NSTRUMENTS
TEMPERATURE I NSTRUMENTS
ANALYZERS
MOTI ON I NSTRUMENTS
BURNER I NSTRUMENTS
ORI FI CE PLATES
OTHER EQUI PMENT I NSTR.
650
651
653
659
I NSTRUMENT ELECTRI CAL
WI RE/ CABLE ETC.
SOLENOI DS
OTHER I NSTR. ELECTRI CAL
620
621
622
623
624
625
627
628
629
PANELS, PANEL DEVI CES
CONTROL CENTER PANELS
CONTROL CTR CONNECTI ONS
BACK OF PANEL I NSTRUMENT
EMERGENCY SHUT- DOWN BOP
ALARM SWI TCH BOP
EQUI P. CONTROL PANEL
EQUI P. PANEL DEVI CES
OTHER PANEL DEVI CES
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
669
COMPUTER CONTROL
CONTROLLER I NTERFACES
I NDI C./ RECORD I NTERFACES
T/ C I NTERFACES
OPERATOR STATI ONS
CABLE/ DATA HI GHWAYS
BARRI ERS & TRANSDUCERS
PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLERS
OTHER COMPUTER CONTROL
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
I NSTRUMENT RUNS
AI R SUPPLY PI PI NG
I NSTRUMENT PI PI NG
TERMI NATI ONS
PNEUMATI C TUBI NG
PNEUMATI C MULTI -TUBE
I NSTRUMENT SI GNAL WI RI NG
MULTI - COND. I NSTR. WI RE
T/ C EXTENSI ON WI RI NG
T/ C MULTI - COND. WI RI NG
670 MI SC. I NSTRUMENTATI ON
671 Q.C. EQUI PMENT
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
FI NAL CONTROL ELEMENTS
CONTROL VALVES
SAFETY VALVES
RUPTURE DI SCS
MOTOR OPERATED VALVES
REGULATI NG VALVES
DI VERTER VALVES
690 OTHER I NSTRUMENT WORK
691 I NSTRUMENT TESTI NG
34-14
3 4 Code Account s ( G1 0 )
Ele ct r ica l
700
702
703
704
709
ELECTRI CAL
SUBCONTRACT ELECTRI CAL
SPECI AL PLANT ELECTRI CAL
SPECI AL EQUI P ELECTRI CAL
ELECTRI CAL DEMOLI TON
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
SUBSTATI ON STEEL
SWI TCHRACK
RECTI FI ERS
BLDG/ AREA ELECTRI CAL
BLDG/ AREA LI GHTI NG
LI GHTI NG FI XTURES
RECEPTACLES/ SWI TCHES
HVAC ELECTRI CAL
MI SC. SMALL TRANSFORMERS
PANELBOARDS
WI RE/ CABLE - LI GHTI NG
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
WI RE, CABLE, ETC.
WI RE/ CABLE - LOW VOLTAGE
WI RE/ CABLE - HI GH VOLTAGE
PI LOT LI GHT
PUSH BUTTON STATI ON
TERMI NATORS/ CONNECTORS
JUNCTI ON BOXES
WI RE/ CABLE - MV
WI RE/ CABLE - CV
OTHER EQUI PMENT WI RI NG
758
760
761
762
EQUI PMENT CABI NETS
BURI ED CABLE
ELECTRI CAL TRENCHI NG
UNDERGROUND CABLE DUCT
720
721
722
723
CONDUI T, TRAYS, ETC.
CONDUI T
CONDUI T FI TTI NGS
CABLE TRAYS
770 GROUNDI NG, CATH. PROTEC.
771 GROUNDI NG SYSTEMS
772 CATHODI C PROTECTI ON
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
OTHER ELEC. EQUI PMENT
VARI ABLE FREQUENCY DRI VE
CAPACI TORS
MOTOR CONTROL CENTER - LV
TRANSFORMERS - MV
TRANSFORMERS - LV
SWI TCHGEAR - MV
SWI TCHGEAR - LV
BUS DUCT - LV
DI SCONNECT SWI TCH
780
781
782
783
785
786
787
788
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
MAJOR ELEC. EQUI PMENT
790 OTHER ELECTRI CAL
TRANSFORMERS - HV
791 ELECTRI CAL CI RCUI T TSTNG
SWI TCHGEAR - HV
792 ELECTRI CAL TRACI NG
MCC EQUI PPED SPACE
794 SOLAR PANELS
MOTOR CONTROL CENTER - MV 795 BATTERY PACKS
BUS DUCT - MV/ HV
796 UPS
TRANSMI SSI ON LI NES
797 EMERGENCY GENERATOR
3 4 Code Accou n t s ( G1 0 )
COMMUNI CATI ON,ALARMS,ETC
TELEPHONE
I NTERCOM
ANNUNCI ATORS
CLOSED CI RCUI T TV
RADI O SYSTEMS
AREA NETWORK SYSTEMS
METEOROLOGI CAL SYSTEMS
34-15
I n su la t ion
800
802
803
804
809
I NSULATI ON, FI REPROOFI NG
SUBCONTRACT I NSULATI ON
SPECI AL PLANT I NSULATI ON
SPECI AL EQUI P I NSULATI ON
I NSULATI ON DEMOLI TI ON
810
811
812
813
814
815
819
I NSULATI ON
PI PE I NSULATI ON
EQUI P I NSULATI ON
MODULE I NSULATI ON SHOP
MODULE I NSULATI ON FI ELD
PERSONNEL PROTECTI ON
OTHER EQUI P. I NSULATI ON
820
821
822
823
FI REPROOFI NG
STRUCTURAL FI REPROOFI NG
SKI RT/ LEG FI REPROOFI NG
CABLE TRAY FI REPROOFI NG
830 SPECI AL COATI NGS
831 ACI D TI LE PAVI NG
Pa in t
34-16
900
902
903
904
909
PAI NT
SUBCONTRACT PAI NT
SPECI AL PLANT PAI NT
SPECI AL EQUI P PAI NT
PAI NT DEMOLI TI ON
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
918
919
PAI NTI NG
PAI NT - EQUI PMENT
PAI NT - PI PI NG
PAI NT - STRUCTURES
PAI NT MODULE EQUI PMENT
PAI NT MODULE PI PI NG
PAI NT MODULE STRUCTURES
OTHER COATI NGS
OTHER EQUI PMENT PAI NT
920
921
922
923
SURFACE
SURFACE
SURFACE
SURFACE
PREPARATI ON
PREP - EQUI PMENT
PREP - PI PI NG
PREP - STEEL
3 4 Code Account s ( G1 0 )
3 4 Code Accou n t s ( G1 0 )
34-17
34-18
3 4 Code Account s ( G1 0 )
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s
( G1 0 )
This chapt er cont ains inform at ion on t he following t opics:
Sequence Num bers of At t r ibut es in Relat ions
Relat ionship of Dat abase Relat ions
DETAI LS Relat ion
DESI GN Relat ion
REMARKS Relat ion
PROJDATA Relat ion
NEWCOA Relat ion
EQRENT Relat ion
CRWSCH Relat ion
CSTCTRL Relat ion
REPGRP Relat ion
CNTRCT Relat ion
COMPONENT Relat ion
I NDI RECTS Relat ion
Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or I ndirect Codes and Descript ions
QSUM Relat ions
STORED REPORTS Relat ion
STORED QUERI ES Relat ion
K ( CUSSPC) -TABLE Relat ion
R-Table Relat ion
S-Table Relat ion
T-Table Relat ion
U-Table Relat ion
V-Table Relat ion
W-Table Relat ion
X-Table Relat ion
Y-Table Relat ion
Z-Table Relat ion
At t r ibut e Descript ions
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
35-1
CERATE ( F)
CRW SCH ( G)
EQREN T ( H )
CSTCTRL ( J)
CUSSPC ( K)
REPGRP ( L)
CN TRCT ( M )
COM PON EN T ( N )
I N D I RECTS ( P)
RTABLE ( R)
I NT
N EW COA ( E)
W idt h
PROJD ATA ( D )
ACCOUNT
Type
REM ARKS ( C)
Nam e
D ESI GN ( B)
At t r ibut e
D ETAI LS ( A)
Se qu e n ce N u m be r s of
At t r ibu t e s in Re la t ion s
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ACTCOA
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
ACTSEQ
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
ACTSRT
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
ACTTYP
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
AMOUNT
REAL
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
APPTYPE
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
AREA
I NT
12
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
AREAWBS
TEXT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
ATYPE
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
BTSEQ
I NT
-
16
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CATLNO
TEXT
CCOA
I NT
COADES
TEXT
CEAMT
REAL
CEDESC
TEXT
CEFLAG
TEXT
CENUM
CESEQ
2
20
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
60
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I NT
31
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
24
CLASS
I NT
20
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CNTRBY
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
CNTRNM
TEXT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
CNTRNO
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
CNTWKF
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
COA
I NT
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
CCOAACT
TEXT
2
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CCOADES
TEXT
24
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
COAI ND
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
COAMOD
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
35-2
24
14
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
D ETAI LS ( A)
D ESI GN ( B)
REM ARKS ( C)
PROJD ATA ( D )
N EW COA ( E)
CERATE ( F)
CRW SCH ( G)
EQREN T ( H )
CSTCTRL ( J)
CUSSPC ( K)
REPGRP ( L)
CN TRCT ( M )
COM PON EN T ( N )
I N D I RECTS ( P)
RTABLE ( R)
COMCOD
TEXT
36
37
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
COMPWBS
TEXT
3
35
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
CONTRACT
I NT
13
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
DAYPWK
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
DESCR
TEXT
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
DI AM
REAL
24
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
At t r ibut e
Nam e
Type
W idt h
76
DUPI TEMS
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
DUPQTY
I NT
33
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EXTRA1
I NT
21
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EXTRA2
REAL
EXTRA3
TEXT
HOURRRAT
22
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
FLOAT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
HRSPDA
REAL
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I CACOA
I NT
32
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
I CUNI T
I NT
36
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I NDDES
TEXT
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
I NDAMOUNT I NT
32
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
I NDHOURS
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
I TEM
TEXT
24
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I TEMDES
TEXT
28
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I TEMCOD
I NT
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I NTREF
I NT
34
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
I UMVAL
REAL
-
12
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LCODE
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LDESC
TEXT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LCOST
REAL
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
24
LCOSTRAT
FLOAT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LHOURS
REAL
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LI NELOOP
I NT
25
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LOCI D
TEXT
16
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
35-3
RTABLE ( R)
I N D I RECTS ( P)
COM PON EN T ( N )
CN TRCT ( M )
REPGRP ( L)
CUSSPC ( K)
CSTCTRL ( J)
EQREN T ( H )
CRW SCH ( G)
CERATE ( F)
N EW COA ( E)
PROJD ATA ( D )
REM ARKS ( C)
Nam e
D ESI GN ( B)
At t r ibut e
D ETAI LS ( A)
Se qu e n ce N u m be r s of At t r ibu t e s in Re la t ion s - cont inued
Type
W idt h
MATL
TEXT
5
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MCODE
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MCOST
REAL
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MCOSTRAT FLOAT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
MDESC
TEXT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NOI TEM
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
2
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
NPCT01
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
11
3
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
NPCT02
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NPCT03
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NPCT04
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NPCT05
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NPCT06
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NPCT07
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NPCT08
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
18 10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NPCT09
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
19 11
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NPCT010
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
20 12
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NPCT011
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
21 13
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NPCT012
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
22 14
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NPCT013
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NPCT014
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NPCT015
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ORI GI N
TEXT
6
2
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PARAM
TEXT
32
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PCLASS
TEXT
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
PCTOF
I NT
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
PERCENT
REAL
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
PI PSPC
TEXT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
PI PTYP
I NT
15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PRCURC
TEXT
38
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PROPNAM
TEXT
-
13
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PROPNUM
I NT
-
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
35-4
8
36
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
-
-
-
-
-
RTABLE ( R)
CUSSPC ( K)
-
I N D I RECTS ( P)
CSTCTRL ( J)
-
COM PON EN T ( N )
EQREN T ( H )
-
CN TRCT ( M )
CRW SCH ( G)
-
REPGRP ( L)
CERATE ( F)
5
N EW COA ( E)
REAL
PROJD ATA ( D )
QUANT
W idt h
REM ARKS ( C)
Type
D ESI GN ( B)
Nam e
D ETAI LS ( A)
At t r ibut e
-
-
-
-
-
REFI D
I NT
28
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
REPGRP
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
RESULT
REAL
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
RPGSEQ
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
SCHAREA
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SCHED
TEXT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
SHI FTS
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SOURCE
TEXT
17
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SUBAREA
I NT
30
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SUBTYPE
I NT
29
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SUMCODE
I NT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
4
2
TI TLE
TEXT
TYPSCT
I NT
32
UNI T
TEXT
8
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
UNI TI N
TEXT
8
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
UNI TS
TEXT
8
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
USERDES
TEXT
25
26
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
USERTAG
TEXT
12
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
VALUER
REAL
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
VALUET
TEXT
12
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
VALUEU
TEXT
12
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
WGT
REAL
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
WUNI T
TEXT
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
35-5
Re la t ion sh ip of D a t a ba se
Re la t ion s
35-6
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
D ETAI LS Re la t ion
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
COA
int eger
Code of Account ( COA)
2
ORI GI N
t ext 6
3 charact ers each of I t em Type + I t em
Ref No. ( HE 101)
3
COADES
t ext 24
Tit le of cost elem ent which is assigned
t o account code
4
I TEMDES
t ext 28
Det ailed descript ion of cost elem ent ,
m at erial or labor
5
QUANT
real
Quant it y
6
UNI TS
t ext 8
Unit of m easure associat ed wit h
quant it y
7
MCOST
real
Mat erial cost for t ot al quant it y
8
LHOURS
real
Man- hours of field labor for t ot al
quant it y
9
LCOST
real
Cost of field labor for t ot al quant it y
10
MATL
t ext 5
Mat erial sym bol ( five charact er st ring)
11
ACCOUNT
int eger
Maj or account for t his it em .
12
AREA
int eger
Area I D/ report group, assigned an
int eger value of unit y
13
CONTRACT
int eger
Cont ract I D
14
COAMOD
int eger
Code of account ( COA) m odifier
15
PI PTYP
int eger
Class of m at erial for piping
16
LOCI D
t ext 8
Sub- descript ion relat ed t o ORI GI N ( LI NE
03, LOOP 02)
17
SOURCE
t ext 2
Sym bol used t o charact erize direct ,
subcont ract or rem ot e shop cost s
18
WGT
real
Weight
19
WUNI T
t ext 4
Unit of m easure associat ed wit h weight
20
CLASS
int eger
Class
21
EXTRA1
int eger
Your use, for int eger values, filled wit h 0
22
EXTRA2
real
Your use, for decim al values, filled wit h
0.00
23
EXTRA3
t ext 4
Your use, for t ext , filled wit h blanks
24
DI AM
real
Pipe diam et er, decim al ( e.g., 2.0)
25
LI NELOOP
int eger
For piping - t he line num ber ( 01- 40)
For inst rum ent at ion - t he loop num ber
( 01- 50)
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
35-7
35-8
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
26
USERDES
t ext 25
For inst rum ent at ion - t he loop num ber
( 01- 50)
For com ponent s - I t em descript ion
For Mat ’l/ Man- hour Addit ions - I t em
descript ion
For Pipe Bulk - I t em Det ails - I t em
descript ion
For I nst rum ent Bulk I t em s - I t em
descript ion
27
USERTAG
t ext 12
User Tag Num ber or Pipe Specs if
cust om pipe specs are used
28
REFI D
int eger
The 4- digit I t em reference num ber for
t he com ponent
29
SUBTYPE
int eger
For Equipm ent - cost basis
For Piping - t ype of valve or fit t ing
For Civil - t ype of foundat ion
For I nst rum ent at ion - t ype of loop m ain
com ponent
For I nsulat ion - t ype of insulat ion or
fireproofing
30
SUBAREA
int eger
Subsidiary area num ber, wit hin AREA
31
CESEQ
int eger
Sequence num ber for records in Det ails
relat ion
32
I CACOA
int eger
I carus code of account for it em
33
DUPQTY
int eger
Duplicat e quant it y flag
34
I NTREF
int eger
I nt ernal reference ident ificat ion
35
COMPWBS
t ext 3
Com ponent Work Breakdown St ruct ure
ident ifier
36
I CUNI T
int eger
I nt ernal Unit of Measure unit
37
COMCOD
t ext 36
Com m odit y code for m at erials ( Fut ure
use)
38
PRCURC
t ext 33
Procurem ent Currency
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
D ESI GN Re la t ion
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
I TMCOD
int eger
I t em code.
2
AREA
int eger
Area I D, assigned int eger value of unit y.
3
ORI GI N
t ext 6
3- charact ers: I t em Type + I t em
Reference No. ( HE 101) .
4
PARAM
t ext 25
Descript ion of design elem ent .
5
VALUET
t ext 12
Value of design param et er, as t ext .
6
VALUER
real
Value of design param et er, decim al
value.
7
UNI T
t ext 8
Unit of m easure associat ed wit h num eric
design value
8
VALUEU
t ext 12
Value of design param et ers specified by
user as t ext . ( For Aspen Capit al Cost
Est im at or and Aspen I n- Plant Cost
Est im at or only.)
9
UNI TI N
t ext 8
Unit of m easure associat ed wit h VALUEU
10
PROPNUM
int eger
Reserved for fut ure use
11
I CUNI T
int eger
I nt ernal Unit of Measure ident ifier
12
I UMVAL
real
Syst em value in int ernal unit s of
m easure
13
PROPNAM
t ext 36
Syst em propert y nam e
14
REFI D
int eger
I nt eger value of 3- digit com ponent
num ber
15
I NDLVL
int eger
I ndicat es indent level for report s
16
BTSEQ
int eger
Sequence num ber for DESI GN t able
REM ARKS Re la t ion
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
I TMCOD
int eger
I t em code. ( Two digit s.)
2
AREA
int eger
Area reference num ber defined by user.
( Two digit s, default is 01.)
3
ORI GI N
t ext 6
Responsible it em for t he dat a in t he
record ( e.g., "HE 101" ) .
4
DESCR
t ext 76
Descript ion of I TEM as specified by user
( for exam ple, “ PROPANE STORAGE
TANK") .
5
REFI D
int eger
I nt eger value of 3- digit com ponent
num ber
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
35-9
PROJD ATA Re la t ion
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
COA
int eger
Syst em code of account or user's
account code as revised ( 3 digit s) .
2
I TEM
t ext 24
Syst em - generat ed or user- defined
descript ion for t his it em ( e.g.,
" CONSUMABLES/ SMALL TOOLS" ) .
3
PERCENT
real
Syst em - generat ed or user- defined
descript ion for t his it em ( e.g.,
" CONSUMABLES/ SMALL TOOLS" ) .
4
PCTOF
int eger
Syst em - calculat ed code represent ing
t he port ion of t he proj ect est im at e t o be
precent aged ( 1 digit )
AMOUNT
real
Lum p sum value specified by user.
RESULT
real
The value calculat ed when PERCENT is
applied t o PCTOF, where appropriat e.
5
N EW COA Re la t ion
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
CCOA
int eger
User- changed code of account
2
CCOADES
t ext 24
User- changed code of account
descript ion ( e.g.,” SPECI AL COMPANY
I TEMS" ) .
3
CCOAACT
t ext 2
COA cat egory ( EQ, P, C, ST, I , E, I N, PT)
EQREN T Re la t ion
Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or only
35-10
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
CESEQ
int eger
Key - relat es t o DETAI LS relat ion
2
NOI TEM
int eger
Num ber of it em s in list
3
NPCT1
int eger
List it em 1
4
NPCT2
int eger
List it em 2
5
NPCT3
int eger
List it em 3
6
NPCT4
int eger
List it em 4
7
NPCT5
int eger
List it em 5
8
NPCT6
int eger
List it em 6
9
NPCT7
int eger
List it em 7
10
NPCT8
int eger
List it em 8
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
11
NPCT9
int eger
List it em 9
12
NPCT10
int eger
List it em 10
13
NPCT11
int eger
List it em 11
14
NPCT12
int eger
List it em 12
15
NPCT13
int eger
List it em 13
16
NPCT14
int eger
List it em 14
17
NPCT15
int eger
List it em 15
CRW SCH Re la t ion
Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or only
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
CESEQ
int eger
Key - relat es t o DETAI LS relat ion
2
ACTTYP
int eger
Act ivit y level ( area, proj ect , proc.)
3
ACTSEQ
int eger
Act ivit y I D at com ponent level
4
ACTSRT
int eger
Act ivit y I D at area level
5
ACTCOA
int eger
Scheduling code of account
6
SCHAREA
int eger
Display flag
7
DAYPWK
int eger
Working days per week
8
SHI FTS
int eger
Num ber of shift s per day
9
HRSPDA
real
Working hours per day
10
NOI TEM
int eger
Num ber of it em s in list
11
NPCT01
int eger
List it em 1
12
NPCT02
int eger
List it em 2
13
NPCT03
int eger
List it em 3
14
NPCT04
int eger
List it em 4
15
NPCT05
int eger
List it em 5
16
NPCT06
int eger
List it em 6
17
NPCT07
int eger
List it em 7
18
NPCT08
int eger
List it em 8
19
NPCT09
int eger
List it em 9
20
NPCT10
int eger
List it em 10
21
NPCT11
int eger
List it em 11
22
NPCT12
int eger
List it em 12
CSTCTRL Re la t ion
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
35-11
Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or only
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
CESEQ
int eger
Key - relat es t o DETAI LS relat ion
2
ACTTYP
int eger
Act ivit y level ( area, proj ect , proc.)
3
ACTSEQ
int eger
Act ivit y I D at com ponent level
4
ACTSRT
int eger
Act ivit y I D at area level
5
ACTCOA
int eger
Scheduling code of account s
6
NOI TEM
int eger
Num ber of it em s in list
7
NPCT01
int eger
List it em 1
REPGRP Re la t ion
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
ATYPE
int eger
Report group designat ion ( 1 = report
group, 2 = sub- group)
2
REPGRP
int eger
Report group num ber
3
RPGSEQ
int eger
Report group sequence ( sub- group)
4
TI TLE
t ext 32
Report group t it le
5
AREAWBS
t ext 2
Area Work Breakdown St ruct ure
ident ifier
6
SCHAREA
int eger
Scheduling Area for t his report group
CN TRCT Re la t ion
Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or only
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
CNTRNO
int eger
Cont ract or num ber
2
CNTRBY
int eger
Cont ract ed by ( parent cont ract or)
3
CNTRNM
t ext 24
Cont ract or nam e
COM PON EN T Re la t ion
Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or and Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or only
35-12
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
REFI D
int eger
The int eger value of t he 4- digit int ernal
reference num ber
2
USERDES
t ext 25
I t em descript ion
3
USERTAG
t ext 12
User Tag Num ber
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
4
DUPI TEMS
int eger
Num ber of duplicat e it em s
5
APPTYPE
int eger
Com ponent t ype
6
I NTREF
int eger
I nt ernal reference ident ificat ion
7
COMPWBS
t ext 3
Com ponent Work Breakdown St ruct ure
ident ifier
8
STRUCTAG
t ext 12
User Tag of St ruct ure where com ponent
is m ount ed
I N D I RECTS Re la t ion
Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or only
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
COA
int eger
Code of Account ( COA) ( See list on
following page) .
2
COADES
t ext 24
Tit le of cost elem ent which is assigned
t o account code ( See list on following
page) .
3
CONTRACT
int eger
Cont ract I D
4
I NDHOURS
int eger
I ndirect hours for t his account
5
I NDAMOUNT
int eger
I ndirect cost for t his account
6
I CACOA
int eger
I carus code of account for it em
7
PERCENT
real
Percent value ent ered by user or
calculat ed by syst em
8
PCTOF
int eger
Syst em - calculat ed code represent ing
t he port ion of t he proj ect est im at e t o be
percent aged ( 1 digit )
9
I NDDES
t ext 32
User indirect descript ion or “ SYSTEM
GENERATED”
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
35-13
K ( CUSSPC) - TABLE Re la t ion
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
CESEQ
int eger
Key - relat es t o DETAI LS relat ion
2
PI PSPC
t ext 8
Cust om piping spec
3
SCHED
t ext 4
Pipe schedule
4
PCLASS
t ext 4
Flange class
5
TYPSCT
t ext 4
Type of dat a ( 1 = class, 2 = schedule,
3= t hickness
6
CATLNO
t ext 20
I t em designat ion
7
CONTYP
t ext 2
Type of Fit t ing Connect ion ( one of t he
following: ( SW SC SB WW WF VC PF VS)
8
PI PTYP
t ext 1
Pipe Type ( “ S” or “ W” or “ “ )
9
XRAYS
real
Weld X- Rays
10
PDEGF
real
Pipe Tem perat ure in Deg Fahrenheit
11
PPSI G
real
Pipe Pressure in psi
12
TRACEM
t ext 4
Tracing Type
13
NPRI MR
t ext 4
Num ber of Prim ary Paint Coat s
14
NFI NAL
t ext 4
Num ber of Final Paint Coat s
15
I NSMTL
t ext 5
I nsulat ion Mat erial
16
I NSTHK
t ext 5
I nsulat ion Thickness
R- TABLE Re la t ion
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
CESEQ
int eger
Key- relat es ( links) t o t he DETAI LS
relat ion ( A t able or Aproj I D)
35-14
2
COAI ND
int eger
Tit le of cost elem ent which is assigned
t o account code ( See list on following
page)
3
MCOSTRAT
float
Rat io of MCOST out put t o MCOST
syst em
4
HOURRRAT
float
Rat io of HOURS out put t o HOURS
syst em
5
LCOSTRAT
float
Rat io of LCOST out put t o LCOST syst em
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
QSUM Re la t ion s
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
ACCOUNT
int eger
Maj or account for t his it em . A.ACCOUNT
2
CODEGROUP
int eger
Sub- Group of I carus cod of account for
it em . Evaluat ed from
Xref_I CACOA.I CACOA_Group
3
I CACOA
int eger
I carus code of account for it em .
Evaluat ed from P.I CACOA and A.I CACOA
4
I CACOADES
t ext 25
I carus Tit le of cost elem ent which is
assigned t o account code.
Evaluat ed from
Xref_I CACOA.I CACOA_Det _Desc_USA1
5
FULLDES
t ext 50
Maj or account t it le for t his it em . ( 10)
I ndirect s.
Evaluat ed from Xref_Account .[ Full
Descript ion]
6
COA
int eger
Code of Account ( COA) . P.COA, A.COA
7
COADES
t ext 25
Tit le of cost elem ent which is assigned
t o account code.
Evaluat ed from
Xref_I CACOA.I CACOA_Det _Desc_USA1,
E.CCOADES,
8
QSUMCOA
int eger
I carus sub- account for t his it em .
Evaluat ed from
Xref_I CACOAI nd.I CACOA_Group,
Xref_QSUMCOA_Crit eria.QSUMCOA
9
QSUMCOADES
t ext 255
Tit le of sub- account which assigned t o
sub- account code. Evaluat ed from
Xref_QSum COA.QSUMCOADES
10
I TEMDES
t ext 30
Det ailed descript ion of cost elem ent ,
m at erial or labor.
Evaluat ed from A.I TEMDES
11
COMPONENT
t ext 40
I t em Descript ion.
Evaluat ed from A.ORI GI N, A.SUBAREA
12
QUANT
real
Quant it y.
Evaluat ed from A.QUANT
13
UNI TS
t ext 10
Unit of m easure associat ed wit h
quant it y. Evaluat ed from A.UNI TS
14
I CUNI T
int eger
I nt ernal Unit of Measure unit .
Evaluat ed from A.I CUNI T
15
KEYQUANT
real
Key Quant it y – Charact erist ic quant it y
for group of it em s
16
KEYUNI TS
t ext 255
Key Quant it y – Charact erist ic quant it y
for group of it em s
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
35-15
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
17
HOURS
real
Unit of m easure associat ed wit h key
quant it y
18
LCOST
real
Man- hours of field labor or t ot al
quant it y. Evaluat ed from Sum of
P.I NDHOURS
19
MCOST
real
Cost of field labor for t ot al quanit y.
Evaluat ed from A.LCOST
20
TOTCOST
real
Mat erial cost for t ot al quant it y.
Evaluat ed from A.MCOST
21
CLASS
int eger
Class.
Evaluat ed from A.CLASS
22
WGT
real
Weight .
Evaluat ed from A.WGT
23
WUNI T
t ext 255
Unit of m easure associat ed wit h weight .
Evaluat ed from A.WUNI T
24
DI AM
int eger
Pipe diam et er, decim al ( e.g., 2.0) .
Evaluat ed from A.DI AM
25
USERDES
t ext 30
For inst rum ent at ion - t he loop num ber
( 01- 50)
For com ponent s - I t em descript ion
For Mat ’l/ Man- hour Addit ions - I t em
descript ion
For Pipe Bulk - I t em Det ails - I t em
descript ion
For I nst rum ent Bulk I t em s - I t em
Descript ion
Evaluat ed from A.USERDES
26
MATL
t ext 10
Mat erial Sym bol ( five charact er st ring) .
Evaluat ed from A.MATL
27
PI PTYP
int eger
Class of m at erial for piping. A.PI PTYP
28
LOCI D
t ext 10
Sub- descript ion relat ed t o ORI GI N ( LI NE
03, LOOP 02) .
Evaluat ed from A.LOCI D
29
LI NELOOP
int eger
For piping – t he line num ber ( 01- 40)
For inst rum ent at ion – t he looop num ber
( 01- 50) .
Evaluat ed from A.LI NELOOP
35-16
30
COAMOD
int eger
Code of account ( COA) m odifier.
Evaluat ed from A.COAMOD
31
LOCATI ON
t ext 255
Locat ion Descript ion – Above Ground/
Under Ground.
Evaluat ed from
Xref_QSUMCOA_Crit eria.LOCATI ON
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
32
SUBTYPE
int eger
For Equipm ent - cost basis
For Piping - t ype of valve or fit t ing
For Civil - t ype of foundat ion
For I nst rum ent at ion - t ype of loop m ain
com ponent
For I nsulat ion - t ype of insulat ion or
Fireproofing
Evaluat ed from A.SUBTYPE
33
SOURCE
t ext 5
Sym bol used t o charact erize direct , subcont ract or rem ot e shop cost s.
Evaluat ed from A.SOURCE
34
REFI D
int eger
The 4- digit I t em reference num ber for
t he com ponent .
Evaluat ed from A.REFI D
35
ORI GI N
t ext 10
3 charact ers each of I t em Type + Tem
Ref No. ( HE 101) .
Evaluat ed from A.ORI GI N
36
AREA
int eger
Area I D/ report group, assigned an int eger value of unit y.
Evaluat ed from A.AREA
37
SUBAREA
int eger
Subsidiary area num ber, wit hin AREA.
Evaluat ed from A.SUBAREA
38
COMPWBS
t ext 5
Com ponent Work Breakdown St ruct ure
I dent ifier.
Evaluat ed from A.COMPWBS
39
CONTRACT
int eger
Cont ract I D.
Evaluat ed from Table P, A.CONTRACT
40
CONTRACTOR
t ext 30
Cont ract or Nam e.
Evaluat ed from M.CNTRNM
41
DUPQTY
int eger
Duplicat e quant it y flag.
Evaluat ed from A.DUPQTY
42
CESEQ
int eger
Sequence num ber for records in Det ails
Relat ion.
Evaluat ed from A.CESEQ
43
I NTREF
int eger
I nt ernal reference ident ificat ion.
Evaluat ed from A.I NTREF
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
35-17
STORED REPORTS Re la t ion
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
ID
int eger
Unique I D for Query – Const ant cross
releases
2
Nam e
Text 100
Unique Text Nam e
3
TreeView1
t ext 255
Com posit e Tree ( See Nam e - Lev below)
4
Prom pt
t ext 255
Text Descript ion for Display
5
KbaseFlag
t ext 50
List of Product s for t he Report
3 – Capit al Cost Report
E – Process Econom ic Analyzer
M – I n- Plant Cost Est im at or
6
UserGroupNo
t ext 50
User Group Num ber
0: All Report s / All Disciplines
1: Process
2: Equipm ent / I nsul / Paint
3: Piping / I nsul / Paint
4: Civil / St ruct ural / Arch / I nsul / Paint
5: Managem ent / Proj ect Level
6: Elect rical / I nst rum ent at ion / I nsul /
Paint
7: Quant it y I nfo Only
8: Unit Cost I nfo Only
7
I m port Type
t ext 50
Type of t he I m port . Use Full if you
creat ing a cust om report inside report er.
8
LicMgrGroupNo
t ext 50
Reserved. Not used
9
BaseRT
t ext 50
Reserved. Not used
10
Type
t ext 50
Type of Report , Excel or Cryst al
11
Tem plNam e
t ext 50
Type of Report , Excel or Cryst al
12
Sheet Nam e
t ext 50
Nam e of t he t em plat e
13
SubQueries
t ext 50
Sub queries t o be used in t he Excel
Worksheet ( Excel Only)
14
Post Procedure
t ext 50
MacroSet t o be used.
MacroSet _1
MacroSet _2
MacroSet _3
MacroSet _4
35-18
15
Execut able
t ext 50
Reserved. Not used
16
Nam e- Lev1
t ext 100
Report List Tree Text – Level 1
17
Nam e- Lev2
t ext 100
Report List Tree Text – Level 2
18
Nam e- Lev3
t ext 100
Report List Tree Text – Level 3
19
Nam e- Lev4
t ext 100
Report List Tree Text – Level 4
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
35-19
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
20
Nam e- Lev5
t ext 100
Report List Tree Text – Level 15
21
Aut oFilt er
Yes/ No
Aut o Filt er Turn ON/ OFF ( Excel Only)
22
Mult iSheet I D
t ext 128
Used for new feat ure where num ber of
report s and sheet nam es are det erm ined by num ber of cont ract ors/ ident ifiers in t he proj ect .
For exam ple, for report Proj ect
Sum m ary by Cont ract or, t he value in
t his colum n is QSUM.CONTRACTOR
( TableNam e.Colum n nam e)
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
STORED QUERI ES Re la t ion
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
ID
t ext 10
Unique I D for Query – Const ant cross
releases
2
Nam e
t ext 255
Unique Text Nam e
3
Generat e
Yes/ No
Creat e MS Access Query from Row
4
TreeView1
t ext 255
Com posit e Tree ( See Lev below)
5
Prom pt
t ext 255
Text Descript ion for Display
( Managem ent and UOD report s only)
6
KbaseFlag
t ext 255
List of Product s for t he Report
3 – Capit al Cost Report
E – Process Econom ic Analyzer
M – I n- Plant Cost Est im at or
7
UserGroupNo
t ext 255
User Group Num ber
0: All Report s / All Disciplines
1: Process
2: Equipm ent / I nsul / Paint
3: Piping / I nsul / Paint
4: Civil / St ruct ural / Arch / I nsul / Paint
5: Managem ent / Proj ect Level
6: Elect rical / I nst rum ent at ion / I nsul /
Paint
7: Quant it y I nfo Only
8: Unit Cost I nfo Only
8
I m port Type
t ext 50
Type of t he I m port . Use Full if you are
creat ing a cust om report inside report er.
9
LicMgrGroupNo
t ext 255
Reserved. Not used
10
BaseRT
t ext 255
Reserved. Not used
11
SQLSt r
Mem o
Query st ored as t ext
12
fSt r
t ext 255
Form at St ring ( Managem ent and UOD
report s only)
13
Lev_1
t ext 255
Report List Tree Text – Level 1
14
Lev_2
t ext 255
Report List Tree Text – Level 2
15
Lev_3
t ext 255
Report List Tree Text – Level 3
16
Lev_4
t ext 255
Report List Tree Text – Level 4
17
Lev_5
t ext 255
Report List Tree Text – Level 5
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
35-20
CERATE Re la t ion ( F- Ta ble )
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
CEFLAG
t ext 2
Record t ype ( CR = craft , ER = equipm ent rent al)
2
CENUM
int eger
I t em num ber ( CR = 51 - 99, ER = 1 450)
3
CNTWKF
int eger
Cont ract or work force
4
CEAMT
real
Rat e ( CR = CUR/ HR, ER = CUR/ Mont h)
5
CEDESC
t ext 60
Descript ion of it em
6
CEDUR
int eger
T'ot al Hours for I t em for Cont ract or
Tot al Hours for Craft for Cont ract or
( HOURS) OR
Tot al Rent al Durat ion Days for
Equipm ent I t em for Cont ract or ( DAYS)
7
CEAMOUNT
int eger
Tot al I ndirect Cost for I t em for Cont ract or Tot al Labor Cost for Craft for Cont ract or
OR
Tot al Equipm ent Rent al Cost for
Equipm ent I t em for Cont ract or
8
CEALLOC
int eger
Allocat ed Rent al Days for Equipm ent
I t em for Cont ract or ( DAYS) – Only for
Equipm ent Rent al
S- Ta ble Re la t ion
35-21
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
CESEQ
int eger
Sequence num ber for records in Det ails
relat ion
2
I NTREF
int eger
I nt ernal reference ident ificat ion
3
LI NELOOP
int eger
For piping – t he line num ber ( 01- 40)
For inst rum ent at ion – t he loop num ber
( 01- 50)
4
LTYPE
c
To different iat e bet ween branch and
m ain line
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
5
USERDES
t ext 30
For inst rum ent at ion - t he loop num ber
( 01- 50)
For com ponent s - I t em descript ion
For Mat ’l/ Man- hour Addit ions - I t em
descript ion
For Pipe Bulk - I t em Det ails - I t em
descript ion
For I nst rum ent Bulk I t em s - I t em
Descript ion
6
LI NETAG
t ext 36
For Piping Bulk – User Tag
For Pipe Bulk - I t em Det ails – Pipe Line
Tag
7
LNDESEQ
int eger
I t em reference num ber of t he connect ed
equipm ent .
8
DI RECT
t ext 3
Pipe Bulk - I t em Det ails – Pipe Line Flow
Direct ion
9
LNDESLN
int eger
Pipe Bulk - I t em Det ails – Connect ed
Equipm ent Line Num ber
10
STREAM
t ext 30
Pipe Bulk - I t em Det ails - St ream
propert ies t o be used for t his line
11
MATL
t ext 5
Mat erial sym bol ( five charact er st ring)
12
DI AM
int eger
Pipe diam et er, decim al ( e.g., 2.0)
13
LI NLEN
int eger
Pipe Lengt h, decim al ( e.g. 2.0)
14
PI PSPC
t ext 10
Cust om Pipe Spec
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
35-22
T- Ta ble Re la t ion
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
DUMMYCOL
t ext 2
Dum m y only
2
STREAM
t ext 36
St ream Nam e
3
TEMP
int eger
Tem perat ure
4
PRESS
int eger
Pressure
5
MWGT
int eger
Molecular Weight
6
TOTMFLOW
int eger
Tot al Mass Flow
7
LI QMFLOW
int eger
Liquid Mass Flow
8
LI QMDEN
int eger
Liquid Mass Densit y
9
LI QVI SC
int eger
Liquid Viscosit y
10
LI QSTEN
int eger
Liquid Surface Tension
11
VAPMFLOW
int eger
Vapor Mass Flow
12
VAPMDEN
int eger
Vapor Mass Densit y
13
VAPVI SC
int eger
Vapor Viscosit y
14
SOLMFLOW
int eger
Solid Mass Flow
15
SOLMDEN
int eger
Solid Mass Densit y
U- Ta ble Re la t ion
35-23
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
I TMCOD
int eger
I t em code ( Two digit s)
2
AREA
nt eger
Area I D, assigned int eger value of unit y.
3
ORI GI N
t ext 10
3- charact ers: I t em Type + I t em Reference No. ( HE 101) .
4
PARAM
t ext 35
Descript ion of design elem ent .
5
VALUET
t ext 80
Value of design param et er, as t ext .
6
VALUER
real
Value of design param et er, decim al
value.
7
UNI T
t ext 10
Unit of m easure associat ed wit h num eric
design value
8
VALUEU
t ext 15
Value of design param et ers specified by
user as t ext . ( For Aspen Capit al Cost
Est im at or and Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or only.)
9
UNI TI N
t ext 10
Unit of m easure associat ed wit h VALUEU
10
PROPNUM
int eger
Reserved for fut ure use. I t should be
m ore t han 900000
11
I CUNI T
int eger
I nt ernal Unit of Measure unit .
12
VALUES
real
Sam e as VALUER
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
13
PROPNAM
t ext 40
Syst em propert y nam e
14
REFI D
int eger
I nt eger value of 3- digit com ponent
num ber
15
I NDLVL
int eger
I ndicat es indent level for report s
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
35-24
V- Ta ble Re la t ion
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
I ndex
int eger
Sequence Num ber
2
Field1
t ext 80
Const ains Aspen Process Econom ic
Analyzer relat ed useful inform at ion.
Proj ect Nam e, Capacit y, Plant Locat ion,
Brief Descript ion, Schedule, I nvest m ent ,
Proj ect I nform at ion, Sim ulat or
inform at ion et c.
3
Field2
t ext 80
Cont ains t he dat a value for field1
4
Field3
t ext 30
Reserved.
W - Ta ble Re la t ion
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
I ndex
int eger
Sequence Num ber
2
I t em
t ext 60
I t em ( Sales, Expenses, Operat ing Cost s
et c.)
3
Unit s
t ext 20
Unit s
4
Year1-Year20
real
Cont ains cost spread over 20 years
X- Ta ble Re la t ion
35-25
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
Field1
int eger
Sequence Num ber
2
Field2
t ext 30
Area Nam e
3
Field3
t ext 30
Com ponent Nam e
4
Field4
t ext 30
Com ponent Type
5
Field5
t ext 30
Tot al Direct Cost
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
Y- Ta ble Re la t ion
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
2
SeqNo
Field2
integer
text 60
Sequence Number
ITEM. Contains useful information
about Project, Capital Cost Evaluation
Basis, Time Period, Schedule, Capital
Costs Parameters, Operating Costs
Parameters, General Investment
Parameters, Escalation, Project
Results Summary, Project Capital
Summary, Engineering Summary,
Raw Materials Costs and Product
Sales, Operating Labor and
Maintenance Costs etc.
3
Field3
text 30
4
Field4
text 255
Measure of Unit for the Field2
Value stored for Field2.
5
Field5
text 30
6
Field6
text 30
7
Field7
text 30
Construction Manhours (Applicable
to Project to Project Cost Summary
only)
8
Field8
text 30
9
Field9
text 30
10
Field10
text 30
Field11-Field 21 text 10
Construction Manpower Manhours
(Applicable to Project to Project Cost
Summary only)
Construction Indirects Manhours
(Applicable to Project to Project Cost
Summary only)
Reserved
Reserved
11
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
Design, Eng, Procurement Cost for
Project Capital Summary Manhours
for Engineering Summary
Construction Material (Applicable to
Project to Project Cost Summary
only)
35-26
Z- Ta ble Re la t ion
N o.
Colu m n N a m e
Type of D a t a
D e scr ipt ion of D a t a St or e d u nde r
e a ch Colum n
1
REFI D
int eger
The 4- digit I t em reference num ber for
t he com ponent
2
COMPTYPE
t ext 10
Charact er Com ponent Type
3
ORI GI N
t ext 10
3 charact ers each of I t em Type + I t em
Ref No. ( HE 101)
4
FULLNAME
t ext 60
Obj ect nam e in t he Obj ect dat abase
5
DI SPNAME
t ext 74
User specified nam e in GUI along wit h
m odel nam e
Aspe n Ca pit a l Cost Est im a t or
I n dir e ct Code s a n d D e scr ipt ion s
35-27
Fie ld I n dir e ct s
Engineering
01
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
- 09 Tit les not assigned
LUMP SUM CONST. I NDI RECT
FRI NGE BENEFI TS
BURDENS
CONSUMABLES, SMALL TOOLS
MI SC. ( I NSURANCE, ETC.)
SCAFFOLDI NG
EQUI PMENT RENTAL
VENDOR REPRESENTATI VES
FI ELD SERVI CES
TEMP. CONST., UTI LI TI ES
MOBI LI ZATI ON, DEMOBI LI ZE
CATERI NG, ACCOMODATI ON
TRAVEL
OVERTI ME PREMI UM
LUMP SUM ENGI NEERI NG
BASI C ENGI NEERI NG
DETAI L ENGI NEERI NG
MATERI AL PROCUREMENT
SUBCONTRACT PROCUREMENT
ENGI NEERI NG MANAGEMENT
- 79 Tit les not assigned
Special Indirects
Engineering Indirects
24 SPECI AL I NDI RECT I TEM 1
25 SPECI AL I NDI RECT I TEM 2
26 - 49 Tit les not assigned
80
81
82
83
Freight
Contractor Indirects
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
85 FI ELD CONST. SUPERVI SI ON
86 STARTUP, COMI SSI ONI NG
LUMP SUM FREI GHT
DOMESTI C FREI GHT
OCEAN FREI GHT
AI R FREI GHT
MODULE FREI GHT
OTHER FRI EGHT
- 59 Tit t les not assigned
LUMP SUM CONST. MGMT
HOME OFFI CE CONST. SUPP.
CONSTRUCTI ON MANAGEMENT
- 84 Tit les not assigned
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
Taxes
G & A Overheads
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
90 G AND A OVERHEADS
LUMP SUM TAXES, PERMI TS
PERMI TS
MATERI ALS TAXES
CONSTRUCTI ON TAXES
ENGI NEERI NG TAXES
OTHER TAXES
- 69 Tit les not assigned
Cont r a ct or Fe e
91 CONTRACT FEE
92 - 96 Tit les not assigned
Esca la t ion
97 ESCALATI ON
Roya lt y, M isce lla n e ou s Ch a r ge s
98 ROYALTY, MI SC. CHARGES
Contingencies
99 CONTI NGENCY
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
35-28
At t r ibu t e D e scr ipt ion s
At t r ibu t e
D e scr ipt ion
ACCOUNT
Major account for this item, leading digit taken from system code of accounts to
characterize the account class:
Account
Description
0
Other, indirects
1
Equipment, Code of Account (COA) 100 - 199
2
Equipment, Code of Account (COA) 200 - 299
3
Piping
4
Civil
5
Steel
6
Instrumentation
7
Electrical
8
Insulation
9
Paint
ACTCOA
Scheduling code of account. For Aspen In-Plant Cost Estimator only.
ACTSEQ
Activity ID at component level. For Aspen In-Plant Cost Estimator only.
ACTSRT
Activity ID at area level. For Aspen In-Plant Cost Estimator only.
ACTTYP
Activity level (area, project, proc.). For Aspen Capital Cost Estimator and Icarus
Project
Manager only.
AMOUNT
Lump sum value specified by user for indirect costs.
APPTYPE
Equ ipm e nt
Equ ipm e n t
0 Not applicable
58
TDS
Tray drying syst em s
1 AC
Air com pressors
60
TW
Towers
3 AD
Air dryers
62
VP
Vacuum pum ps
4 AT
Agit at ed t anks
63
VS
Vibrat ing screens
6 BL
Blenders
64
VT
Vert ical t anks
7 C
Condensers
65
WFE
Wiped film evaporat ors
8 CTW Cooling t owers
66
WTS
Wat er t reat m ent syst em s
9 CE
Cranes
68
MOT
Mot ors
10 CO
Conveyors
69
RB
Reboilers
11 CP Cent rifugal pum ps
70
FU
Furnaces
Com pone nt Type
12 CR
Crushers
Com pone nt Type
71 TUR
Turbines
13 CRY Cryst allizers
72
Agit at ors
14 CT
73 LI N
Cent rifuges
15 DDT Double diam et er t owers 74
16 D
35-29
AG
PAK
Linings
Packings
Dryers
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
At t r ibu t e D e scr ipt ion s - cont inued
At t r ibut e
D e scr ipt ion
APPTYPE
17 DC
Dust collect ors
Kn ow n Cost
18 DD
Drum dryers
76 Cost known equipm ent
19 E
Evaluat ors
77 Cost known bulks
20 EG
Elect rical generat ors
21 EJ
Ej ect ors
Pla nt Bulk s a nd Buildings
22 EL
Elevat ors
80
Buildings
24 F
Filt ers
81
PI P Piping
26 FE
Feeders
82 CI V Civil
27 FL
Flakers
83 STL St eelwork
28 FLR Flares
84 I NS
29 FN
85 ELC
Fans
I nst rum ent at ion
Elect rical general
32 GC Gas com pressors
86 I NL
34 GP Gear pum ps
87 PNT Paint
I nsulat ion
36 HE Heat exchangers
88
ELC Elect rical subst at ion
37 HO Hoist s
38 HT Horizont al t anks
Sit e D e ve lopm e nt
39 HU Heat ing unit s
91 DEMOL Dem olit ion
42 K
Kneaders
92 DRAI NS Drainage
43 M
Mills
93 EARTH
Eart hwork general
44 MX Mixers
94 FENCE
Fencing
45 P
Pum ps
95 LANDSP Landscaping
48 R
React ors
96 PAVI NG Paving
49 RD Rot ary dryers
97 PI LI NG Piling
50 RU
Refrigerat ion unit s
98 RAI LRD Railroads
52 S
Scales
99 EARTH Eart hwork excavat ion
53 ST
St ock t reat m ent
54 SE
Separat ion equipm ent
Libr a r y I t e m s
55 STK St acks
100 Library it em s
56 STB St eam boiler
101 Equipm ent m odel library
57 T
Thickeners
AREA
Area reference num ber defined by user. Default is 01. Reference
num ber 00 refers t o proj ect dat a in t he C relat ion.
ATYPE
Report group designat ion ( 1 = report group, 2 = sub group) .
AREAWBS
Area level Work Breakdown St ruct ure - - 2 charact ers.
BTSEQ
Unique sequence num ber t o define t he order of records in t he DESI GN
t able for design report s.
CATLNO
I t em designat ion. For Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or and Aspen I n- Plant
Cost Est im at or only.
CATLNO
I t em designat ion. For Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or and Aspen I n- Plant
Cost Est im at or only.
CCOA
User- changed code of account .
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
35-30
At t r ibut e
D e scr ipt ion
CCOAACT
COA cat egory ( EQ, P, C, ST, I , E, I N, PT) .
CCOADES
User- changed code of account descript ion ( t ext , 24 charact ers) .
At t r ibu t e D e scr ipt ion s - cont inued
At t r ibu t e D e scr ipt ion
35-31
CEAMT
Rat e ( CR = CUR/ HR, ER = CUR/ Mont h) . For Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or
only.
CEDESC
Descript ion of it em .
CEFLAG
Record t ype ( CR = craft , ER = equipm ent rent al) . For Aspen I n- Plant Cost
Est im at or only.
CENUM
I t em num ber ( CR = 51 - 99, ER = 1 - 450) . For Aspen I n- Plant Cost
Est im at or only.
CESEQ
Sequence num ber for records in Det ails relat ion. For Aspen Capit al Cost
Est im at or and
Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or only.
CLASS
Class as defined below:
Cla ss
D e scr ipt ion
0
Other
01
Site Development
10
Process Equipment
20
Bulk Items
30
Area components, testing
31
Buildings
40
Area Site Development
50
Unit Substation
60
Main Substations
70
Control (CTL) Centers
80
OPS Centers
90
Project Items (rotating equipment, spare parts,
transmission lines, testing).
CNTRBY
Cont ract ed by ( parent cont ract or) . For Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or only.
CNTRNM
Cont ract or nam e. For Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or only.
CNTRNO
Cont ract or num ber. For Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or only.
CNTWKF
Cont ract or work force. For Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or only.
COA
Syst em code of account or user ’s account code as revised. For Aspen I nPlant Cost Est im at or, COA is 3- digit s. For Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or,
COA is 4- digit s.
COADES
Syst em code of account descript ion or user's descript ion as revised ( t ext ,
24 charact ers) .
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
At t r ibu t e D e scr ipt ion s - cont inued
At t r ibu t e
D e scr ipt ion
COAM OD
Code of a ccou n t ( COA) m odifie r
COAM OD
COA Ra nge
D e scr ipt ion
0
1 - 999
Default if not shown below
Equipm ent
0
100 - 299
1
100 - 299
Direct Hire
Subcont ract Equipm ent
Piping
0
300 - 399
Above Ground Piping
1
300 - 399
Underground Piping
2
300 - 399
Chem ical Sewer
Civil - Sit e Developm ent
1
422 - 423
Sit e Developm ent Paving ( Roads)
2
422 - 423
Sit e Developm ent Paving ( Ot her)
1
400 - 459
Sm all blocks: < 3 CY[ < 2.3 M3]
2
400 - 459
Medium blocks: 3- 10 CY[ 2.3- 7.65 M3]
3
400 - 459
Large blocks: 10- 25 CY[ 7.65- 19.1 M3]
4
400 - 459
Mass pours: 25- 50CY[ 19.2- 38.2 M3]
5
400 - 459
Mass pours: 50- 100 CY[ 38.2- 76.5 M3]
6
400 - 459
Mass pours: > 100CY[ > 76.5 M3]
7
400 - 459
Piling
8
400 - 459
Conduit Envelopes
9
400 - 459
Elevat ed slabs
Civil - Concret e
St eel
1
500 - 599
Ext ra light : < 12 LB/ FT[ < 18 KG/ M]
2
500 - 599
Light : 12- < 20 LB/ FT[ 18- < 30 KG/ M]
3
500 - 599
Medium 20- < 40 LB/ FT[ 30- < 60 KG/ M]
4
500 - 599
Heavy40- 80 LB/ FT[ 60- 122 KG/ M]
5
500 - 599
Ext ra Heavy> 80 LB/ FT[ > 122 KG/ M]
6
500 - 599
St airs and Ladders
7
500 - 599
Ladders
9
500 - 599
Misc. ( Fab. Plat e)
I nst rum ent at ion
1
641
Pneum at ic I nst rum ent Cable Tray
2
641
Elect ronic I nst rum ent Cable Tray
Elect rical
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
0
700 - 799
Above Ground Elect rical.
1
700 - 799
Underground Elect rical.
35-32
At t r ibu t e
At t r ibu t e
D e scr ipt ion
0
811
Pipe I nsulat ion
1
811
Duct I nsulat ion
0
912
Paint Pipe
1
912
Paint Duct
0
922
Surface Prep Pipe
1
922
Surface Prep Duct
D e scr ipt ion
COAI N D
Tit le of cost elem ent which is assigned t o account code.
COMCOD
Com m odit y code t o uniquely ident ify m at erials used in t he I carus
Evaluat ion Engine ( I EE) . The Com m odit y Code COMCOD is a 30
Charact er code. Each m aj or bulk t ype has an individual a coding
sequence. Current ly only piping has a coding sequence defined.
For Piping:
To decode use t he following colum n br eakdow n:
Colum n:
1
2
3
123456789012345678901234567890
AMMMMMUDDDDPEECFFFFFGWRSSS# # # #
COMPWBS
35-33
Colum n
Posit ion
Descript ion
A
1
Account Code I ndicat or - 3= Piping
M
2- 6
Pipe m at erial code
U
7
Unit s of m easure I ndicat or - I / P( I ) or Met ric( M)
D
8- 11
Diam et er in unit s indicat ed
P
12
Mat erial Type indicat or - Pipe ( P) , Valve ( V) or
Fit t ing ( F)
E
13- 14
Subt ype ext ension ( e.g. Trim on Valve, Flange
t ype, et c) ( Current ly Not Used)
C
15
Class/ Schedule I ndicat or - Schedule ( S) , Flange
Class ( F) , Din designat ion ( D) or Thickness ( T)
F
16- 20
Class/ Schedule designat ion as indicat ed in above
unit s
G
21
Locat ion - Above Ground ( A) / Underground
Code( U)
W
22
Pipe Fabricat ion - Welded( W) / Seam less( S)
R
23
Fabricat ion Type - Rem ot e Shop( R) / Field Shop( F)
S
24- 26
I CARUS Subt ype( See Subt ype at t ribut e)
#
27- 30
Reserved for fut ure use
Com ponent level Work Breakdown St ruct ure - - 3 charact ers.
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
At t r ibu t e
D e scr ipt ion
CON TRACT Reference num ber of cont ract or assigned t o purchase/ inst all t his it em . For
Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or, t he default is one. For all ot her syst em s, t he
default
is zero.
DAYPWK
Working days per week. For Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or only.
DESCR
Descript ion of it em as specified by user ( t ext , 76 charact ers) .
DIAM
Pipe diam et er, decim al ( for exam ple, 2.0) .
DUPITEMS
Num ber of duplicat e it em s.
DUPQTY
Duplicat e quant it y flag. For Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or and Aspen I nPlant Cost Est im at or only.
0 = st andard ( unique quant it y field)
1 = QUANT field of t his record duplicat ed elsewhere.
EXTRA1
I nt eger. Not assigned. This is a spare at t ribut e for t he user t o allocat e
values asnecessary. The syst em will init ialize t o int eger zero. The at t ribut e
nam e can be changed and values calculat ed as a funct ion of ot her num eric
dat a.
EXTRA2
Real. Not assigned but init ialized t o a real num ber of t he value 0.0.
EXTRA3
Text . Not assigned but init ialized t o a value of four blank charact ers ( “
").
HOURRAT
Rat io of HOURS out put t o HOURS syst em .
HRSPDA
Working hours per day. For Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or only.
ICACOA
I carus code of account for it em . For Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or and
Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or only.
At t r ibut e D e scr ipt ion
ICUNIT
I ca r u s I n t e r n a l Un it s of M e a sur e ide nt ifie r .
Un it
N o.
I/ P
Con ve r sion
D e scr ipt ion I / P M e t r ic
M e t r ic
D e scr ipt ion
1
I NCHES
2.5400E+ 01
MM
2
FEET
3.0480E- 01
M
3
MI LES
1.6093E+ 00
KM
4
MESH
1.0000E+ 00
MESH
5
FT
3.0480E- 01
M
6
SF
9.2903E- 02
M2
7
SY
8.3613E- 01
M2
8
SQ I N
6.4516E+ 02
MM2
9
I N THK
2.5400E+ 01
MM THK
10
I N DI AM
2.5400E+ 01
MM DI AM
11
CF
2.8317E- 02
M3
12
CY
7.6455E- 01
M3
13
GALLONS
3.7854E- 03
M3
14
BARRELS
1.5899E- 01
M3
15
BD FT
2.3597E- 03
M3
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
N ot e s
Piping Diam et ers
35-34
At t r ibut e D e scr ipt ion
ICUNIT
35-35
I ca r u s I n t e r n a l Un it s of M e a sur e ide nt ifie r . ( Cont inue d)
16
BAGS
8.5275E- 01
17
cur/ CY
cur/ M3
Currency Unit s/ Unit
Volum e
18
cur
cur
Currency Unit s
19
cur/ LB
cur/ KG
Currency/ Unit Weight
20
LB
21
LBS
4.5359E- 01
KG
22
TONS
9.0718E- 01
TONNE
23
LB/ FT
1.4882E+ 00
KG/ M
25
LB/ YD
4.9605E- 01
KG/ M
4.5359E- 01
BAG- 50KG
KG
26
cur/ SF
27
LB/ BATCH
4.5359E- 01
cur/ M2
KG/ BATCH
Currency/ Unit Area
28
LB/ MMBTU
7.5066E+ 00
KG/ MW- HR
29
PCF
1.6018E+ 01
KG/ M3
30
W/ SF
1.0753E+ 01
W/ M2
31
PSI G
6.8948E+ 00
KPA
32
PSI
6.8947E- 03
PA
33
I N H2O
2.4908E+ 02
PA
35
I N HG
3.3864E+ 00
KPA
36
MM HG
1.3332E+ 02
PA
37
PSF
4.7880E- 02
KN/ M2
38
LBF
4.4482E+ 00
N
39
FT- LB
1.3558E+ 00
N- M
40
I N/ S
2.5400E+ 00
CM/ S
41
FPM
1.8288E+ 01
M/ H
42
RPM
1.0000E+ 00
RPM
43
MPH
1.6093E+ 00
KM/ H
44
HERTZ
1.0000E+ 00
HERTZ
45
RPM
1.0000E+ 00
RPM
46
CFH
2.8317E- 02
M3/ H
47
CFM
1.6990E+ 00
M3/ H
48
MI NUTE
1.0000E+ 00
MI NUTE
49
TPD/ SF
4.0689E- 01
TPH/ M2
50
GPM
6.3090E- 02
L/ S
51
GPH
3.7854E- 03
M3/ H
52
LB/ H
4.5359E- 01
KG/ H
53
TPH
9.0718E- 01
TONNE/ H
54
TPD
3.7799E- 02
TONNE/ H
55
CFM/ SF
1.8288E+ 01
M3/ H/ M2
56
V
1.0000E+ 00
V
Vessel pressure
Mot or RPM
Count ry Based
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
At t r ibut e D e scr ipt ion
ICUNIT
I ca r u s I n t e r n a l Un it s of M e a sur e ide nt ifie r . ( Cont inue d)
57
W
1.0000E+ 00
W
58
A
1.0000E+ 00
A
59
KV
1.0000E+ 00
KV
60
KW
1.0000E+ 00
KW
61
KA
1.0000E+ 00
KA
62
KVA
1.0000E+ 00
KVA
63
HP
7.4570E- 01
HP
64
MVA
1.0000E+ 00
MVA
65
OHM- I N
2.5400E+ 00
OHM- CM
66
DEG F
1.0000E+ 00
DEG C
Tem perat ure
67
DEG F
5.5556E- 01
DEG C
Tem perat ure
Difference
68
FC
1.0764E+ 01
LUX
Light ing
69
TONS- REF
3.5169E+ 00
KW
Tons of Refrigerat ion
70
GPM/ SF
6.7909E- 01
L/ S/ M2
71
BTU/ H/ SF
3.1546E+ 00
W/ M2
72
BTU/ H
2.9307E- 01
W
73
BTU/ LB
2.3260E+ 00
KJ/ KG
74
MMBTU/ H
2.9307E- 01
MEGAW
75
BTU/ CF
3.7250E+ 01
KJ/ M3
76
CPOI SE
1.0000E+ 00
MPA- S
77
CSTOKE
1.0000E+ 00
MM2/ S
Mot or Power
78
BTU/ LB/ F
4.1868E+ 00
KJ/ KG/ K
79
DEGREE
1.0000E+ 00
DEGREE
80
PERCENT
1.0000E+ 00
PERCENT
81
GAUGE
1.0000E+ 00
GAUGE
82
PAI R
1.0000E+ 00
PAI R
I nst rum ent at ion
83
BWG
1.0000E+ 00
BWG
HEX t ubing
84
LOOP( S)
1.0000E+ 00
LOOP( S)
I nst rum ent at ion
85
COATS
1.0000E+ 00
COATS
Paint
Slope
Duct , HEX t ubing
86
wire size
wire size
Elect rical
87
MCM
1.0000E+ 00
MCM
Elect rical
88
AWG
1.0000E+ 00
AWG
Elect rical
89
CUTS
1.0000E+ 00
CUTS
Piping
90
SECTI ON
1.0000E+ 00
SECTI ON
91
CLASS
1.0000E+ 00
CLASS
Elect rical
92
SPACES
1.0000E+ 00
SPACES
Elect rical
93
CI RCUI TS
1.0000E+ 00
CI RCUI TS
Elect rical
94
CI RCUI TS
1.0000E+ 00
CI RCUI TS
Com pressors
95
STAGES
1.0000E+ 00
STAGES
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
35-36
At t r ibut e D e scr ipt ion
ICUNIT
I ca r u s I n t e r n a l Un it s of M e a sur e ide nt ifie r . ( Cont inue d)
96
FLOORS
1.0000E+ 00
FLOORS
97
EACH
1.0000E+ 00
EACH
98
BAYS
1.0000E+ 00
BAYS
99
Buildings, Air Coolers
1.0000E+ 00
Blank Unit s
101
IN
2.5400E+ 01
MM
102
I N DI A
2.5400E+ 01
MM DI A
103
I N LG
2.5400E+ 01
MM LG
104
I N THK
2.5400E+ 01
MM THK
105
I N DP
2.5400E+ 01
MM DP
106
I N WD
2.5400E+ 01
MM WD
107
I N SZ
2.5400E+ 01
MM SZ
108
I N HT
2.5400E+ 01
MM HT
109
I N WL
2.5400E+ 01
MM WL
111
FT
3.0480E- 01
M
112
FT DI A
3.0480E- 01
M DI A
113
FT LG
3.0480E- 01
M LG
114
FT DP
3.0480E- 01
M DP
115
FT WD
3.0480E- 01
M WD
116
FT HT
3.0480E- 01
M HT
117
FT MHOLE
3.0480E- 01
M MHOLE
118
HOURS
1.0000E+ 00
HOURS
119
WEEKS
1.0000E+ 00
HOURS
At t r ibu t e
D e scr ipt ion
INDAMOUNT I ndirect cost for t his account .
INDDES
I ndirect s descript ion. Eit her user- supplied or “ SYSTEM GENERATED”.
INDHOURS
I ndirect hours for t his account .
INTREF
I nt ernal reference ident ificat ion.
ITEM
Syst em - generat ed or user- defined descript ion for t his it em
( t ext , 24 charact ers)
ITEMDES
Syst em - generat ed or user- defined descript ion for t his it em
( t ext , 28 charact ers) .
At t r ibu t e D e scr ipt ion
ITMCOD
I t em code:
I TM COD
D e scr ipt ion
D ESI GN
35-37
0
Ot her
10
For equipm ent design dat a — brief
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
At t r ibu t e D e scr ipt ion
ITMCOD
I t em code:
11*
For equipm ent design dat a — full ( 10 is a subset of 11 wit h
t he provision t hat it m ust be a design it em )
19
For driver power only ( where applicable) .
20
For brief plant bulk, area bulk and area sit e developm ent
it em s
21*
For plant bulk it em s — full
30*
For proj ect sit e developm ent it em s
40
For library it em s
96
Cust om pipe specs
97
Proj ect or area dat a sheet s
98
For design and proj ect est im at e basis
REMARKS
Equipm e n t I t e m s:
10
For user's descript ion
11
For equipm ent sym bol
12
For first 2 lines of rem arks
13
For user's t ag num ber
Pla n t Bu lk I t e m s:
20
For user's descript ion
21
For equipm ent sym bol
23
For first 2 lines of rem arks
Pr oj e ct Sit e D e ve lopm e nt :
35-38
30
For user's descript ion
31
For equipm ent sym bol
At t r ibu t e
D e scr ipt ion
IUMVAL
Syst em value in int ernal Unit s of Measure. Does not apply when
I CUNI T is 0 or 99 and m ay be incorrect for it em s cont aining cost s.
LCOST
Field m anpower cost for t his it em .
LCOSTRAT
Rat io of LCOST out put t o LCOST syst em .
LHOURS
Field m an- hours associat ed wit h t his it em .
LINELOOP
Piping line num ber ( 01 - 40) or inst rum ent loop num ber ( 01 - 50) .
O if not applicable.
LCODE
Not assigned. Used in cost t racking program s t o ident ify a cat egory of
labor cost s.
LDESC
Not assigned. Used in cost t racking program s t o describe a cat egory of
labor cost s
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
At t r ibu t e
D e scr ipt ion
LOCID
I dent ifier t o help qualify t he part associat ed wit h t his it em ( t ext , 8
charact ers) .
Exam ples:
Piping
Line 1 PLT AI R
DRAI NS
I nst rum ent at ion
LOOP 1 UNI V
AI R SUP LOCAL
Civil
TYPE 15
Elect rical
MOTOR PUSHB
FEEDER
MATL
Syst em m at erial sym bol charact erist ic of t he m at erial of const ruct ion
for t his it em ( t ext , 5 charact ers; e.g., " SS304" ) .
MCODE
Not assigned. Used in cost t racking program s t o ident ify a cat egory of
m at erial cost s
MCOST
Mat erial cost for t his it em .
MCOSTRAT
Rat io of MCOST out put t o MCOST syst em .
MDESC
Not assigned. Used in cost t racking program s t o describe a cat egory of
m at erial cost s.
NOITEM
Num ber of it em s in list .
NPCTnn
List it em for num ber nn. For Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or only.
The CRWSCH relat ion includes nn for 1 t o 12.
The EQRENT relat ion incudes nn for 1 t o 15.
The CSTCTRL relat ion includes nn for 1.
ORIGIN
Responsible it em for t he dat a in t his record ( t ext , 6 charact ers) .
Exam ple:
CP 100 GRADE PI P001 USS110 ( unit subst at ion)
DDT222 PAD
CI V001 MSS001( m ain)
BLD001 OPEN
STL001 CTL 60
AREA
EXOPEN I NS001 SUBSTN ( proj ect t est ing - all subst at ions)
UT HDR MI LBLD ELC001 UT STN
I NL001
PNT001
PARAM
Param et er descript ion ( t ext , 32 charact ers) .
PCLASS
Flange class. For Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or and Aspen I n- Plant Cost
Est im at or only.
PCTOF
A syst em - allocat ed code represent ing t he port ion of t he proj ect
est im at e t o be percent aged, as follows. For I PM only. ( I n ot her
syst em s, PCTOF is reserved for fut ure use.
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
35-39
35-40
At t r ibu t e
D e scr ipt ion
PCTOF
Description
1 Direct m at erials plus direct field labor cost s
2 Direct m at erial cost s
3 Direct field labor cost
4 Direct m at erial plus labor, and const ruct ion indirect cost s
5 All proj ect cost s
6 Unit Cost Library I t em ( s) Booked t o COA 1- 48
7 Unit Cost Library I t em ( s) Booked t o COA 49- 98
8 Unit Cost Library I t em ( s) Booked t o COA 99
PERCENT
Percent age value specified by t he user.
PIPSPC
Cust om piping spec. For Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or and Aspen I nPlant Cost Est im at or only.
PIPTYP
Class of material for piping.
PIPTYP Piping Material
0 Pipe labor
1 Carbon st eel
2 St ainless st eel
3 Tit anium
5 Alum inum
6 Monel/ I nconel
7 Copper
8 Hast elloy
9 Lined pipe, m iscellaneous pipe
PRCURC
Procurem ent Currency sym bol for alt ernat e m at erial sources.
PROPNAM
Syst em Propert y Nam e
PROPNUM
Propert y num ber used t o describe t he field descript ion
QUANT
Quant it y, used in conj unct ion wit h "UNI TS" at t ribut e.
REFID
For Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or and COST® —3- digit com ponent
num ber.
For Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or —4- digit int ernal reference num ber.
REPGRP
Report group num ber.
RESULT
The value calculat ed when PERCENT is applied t o t he values,
represent ed by PCTOF, where appropriat e.
RPGSEQ
Report group sequence ( sub- group) .
SCHAREA
I n Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or: Display flag
I n Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or: For concurrent scheduling wit hin t he
proj ect used for report ing and schedule t racking.
SCHED
Pipe schedule. For Aspen Capit al Cost Est im at or and Aspen I n- Plant
Cost Est im at or only.
SHIFTS
Num ber of shift s per day. For Aspen I n- Plant Cost Est im at or only.
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
At t r ibu t e
D e scr ipt ion
SOURCE
Sym bol used t o charact erize direct , subcont ract or rem ot e shop cost s
( t ext , 2 charact ers) :
SOURCE Descript ion
RS
Rem ot e shop
IT
User input — t ot al direct cost
lM
User input — direct m at erial cost s
lL
User input — direct m anpower cost
IS
User input — t ot al subcont ract cost
SS
User input — direct cost s, syst em - prepared subcont ract cost
ST
User input — subcont ract t ot al cost
SM User input — subcont ract m at erial cost
SL
User input — subcont ract m anpower cost .
STRUCTAG
I ndicat es st ruct ure t o which t he com ponent is assigned.
SUBAREA
Subsidiary area number, within AREA. For Aspen Capital Cost Estimator and
Aspen In-Plant Cost Estimator only.
At t r ibut e
D e scr ipt ion
SUBTYPE
For Equipm ent — cost basis
0 Syst em calculat ed
1 User specified
2 Rem ot e shop paint
For Piping — t ype of valve or fit t ing
0
2
80
98
99
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
120
121
122
Ot her
Rem ot e shop paint
St eam t racing
Tubing
Pipe
90 DEG elbow
Flange
Reducer ( t o next lower size)
Tee
Blind
Union ( also Couplings)
Spect acle blind
St rainer
Threadolet
Expansion j oint
Transit ion j oint
WYE for HDPE only
St eam t rap
Clam p
45 DEG elbow
Ferrule
- Cont inued on next page -
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
35-41
At t r ibu t e D e scr ipt ion s - cont inued
35-42
At t r ibut e
D e scr ipt ion
SUBTYPE cont inued
For Piping — t ype of valve or fit t ing - cont inued
123
Cross
124
Eccent ric reducer
125
Hose adapt er
126
Pipe adapt er
127
Swivel j oint
128
Caps
129
Screwable Plugs
130
Weldolet
131
Sockolet
201
Globe valve
202
Ball valve
203
But t erfly valve
204
Gat e valve
205
Knife gat e valve
206
Plug valve
207
Angle valve
208
Check valve
311
Rot am et er
314
Met errun
332
Vort ex flow m et er
333
Mag m et er
334
Mass flow m et er
390
Orifice flange- union
391
Orifice plat e
401
Cont rol valve GLO
402
On/ off ball valve
403
Cont rol valve BUO
411
Cont rol valve GLP
412
Cont rol valve BAP
413
Cont rol valve BUP
421
Cont rol valve ANO
422
Cont rol valve ANP
423
Cont rol valve DVS
424
Cont rol valve TKS
431
Cont rol valve ( no reducers)
432
Cont rol valve
433
3- way valve
434
Regulat ing valve
481
Slide gat e on/ off
482
Slide gat e posit ioning
483
Divert er valve
501
TSV
502
Relief valve
503
Rupt ure disk
801
Vict aulic coupl.
- Cont inued on next page -
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
At t r ibu t e D e scr ipt ion s - cont inued
At t r ibut e
D e scr ipt ion
SUBTYPE cont inued
For Piping — t ype of valve or fit t ing - cont inued
802
I nsul. flange
899
Vent / drain
900
Gasket s
950
Bolt s
951
Pre- fab pipe support s
952
Tubing elbow
953
Tubing reducer
954
Tubing t ee
955
Tubing union
956
Tubing ball valve
At t r ibut e
D e scr ipt ion
SUBTYPE cont inued
For Piping - Field Labor Subt ype
STRESS RELI EF
FI ELD ERECTI ON
MI SC FI ELD FABRI CATI ON
CUT PI PE
BEVEL PI PE
WELD PI PE
PI PE TESTI NG
ERECT VALVES
BOLT- UP CONNECTI ONS
FI ELD X- RAY
Bend Pipe
t hreadolet s
weldolet s
JUMPER CONNECTI ONS
SWAGE AND WELD JACKET
Shop Handling Sm all Pipe
Cut & Thread Pipe
3 5 D a t a ba se Re la t ion s ( G1 0 )
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
35-43
At t r ibu t e D e scr ipt ion s - cont inued
At t r ibu t e
D e scr ipt ion
SUBTYPE cont inued
For Duct ing — t ype of fit t ings and/ or Duct t ype
701
Round Duct
702
Round duct and st iffeners
703
Elbows
704
Tees
706
Dam pers
707
Access doors
708
Flexible connect ions
709
Duct hangers
711
Spiral duct
712
Spiral duct and st iffeners
713
Elbows
714
Tees
715
Reducers
716
Dam pers
717
Access doors
718
Flexible connect ions
719
Duct Hangers
721
Square duct
722
Square duct and st iffeners
723
Elbows
724
Tees
725
Reducers
726
Dam pers
727
Access doors
728
Flexible connect ions
729
Duct Hangers
At t r ibut e
D e scr ipt ion
SUBTYPE cont inued
For Duct ing - Field Labor Handle and Erect Duct
Round Duct
Spiral Duct
Square Duct
35-44
31
32
33
3 5