Chemistry Data Booklet
National 5
For use in National Qualification Courses
Publication date: 2021
Publication code: BB8395
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page 02
Contents
Relationships for National 5 Chemistry and Specific Heat Capacity of Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Periodic Table of the Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Melting and Boiling Points of Selected Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Electron Arrangements of Main Group Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Flame Colours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Names, Symbols, Relative Atomic Masses, Densities and Dates of Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Formulae of Selected Ions containing more than one kind of Atom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Solubilities of Selected Compounds in Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Melting and Boiling Points of Selected Inorganic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Melting and Boiling Points of Selected Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Electrochemical Series (Reduction Reactions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Relationships for National 5 Chemistry
Eh = cmΔT
n = cV
n=
m
GFM
c1V1 c2V2
=
n1
n2
average rate =
% by mass =
Δquantity
Δt
m
× 100
GFM
Specific Heat Capacity of Liquid Water
c= 4.18 kJ kg−1 °C −1
page 03
Periodic Table of the Elements
Column
2
Column
3
Column
4
Column
5
Column
6
Column
7
1
2
Key
Hydrogen
Helium
Atomic Number
H
He
Name of Element
3
4
Lithium
Beryllium
Li
Be
11
12
Sodium
Magnesium
Na
Mg
19
20
21
22
23
Potassium
Calcium
Scandium
Titanium
Vanadium
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Rubidium
Strontium
Yttrium
Zirconium
Niobium
TRANSITION METALS
6
7
8
9
10
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
13
14
15
16
17
18
Aluminium
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Chlorine
Argon
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
24
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Copper
Zinc
Gallium
Germanium
Arsenic
Selenium
Bromine
Krypton
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Rhodium
Palladium
Silver
Cadmium
Indium
Tin
Antimony
Tellurium
Iodine
Xenon
I
Xe
25
Chromium Manganese
Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Lanthanum
Hafnium
Tantalum
Tungsten
Rhenium
Osmium
Iridium
Platinum
Gold
Mercury
Thallium
Lead
Bismuth
Polonium
Astatine
Radon
La
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
Copernicium
Nihonium
Cn
Nh
Sr
Y
55
56
57
Caesium
Barium
Cs
Ba
88
5
Symbol
Rb
87
Column
0
58-71
90-103
89
Francium
Radium
Actinium
Fr
Ra
Ac
104
105
Rutherfordium Dubnium
Rf
58
Cerium
Ce
106
60
Nd
109
Bohrium
Hassium
Sg
Bh
Hs
61
62
Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium
Pr
108
Seaborgium
Db
59
107
Pm
Sm
Meitnerium Darmstadtium
Mt
Rg
Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine
Fl
Mc
Lv
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
Europium
Gadolinium
Terbium
Dysprosium
Holmium
Erbium
Thulium
Ytterbium
Lutetium
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
97
98
99
101
102
103
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
Thorium
Protactinium
Uranium
Neptunium
Plutonium
Americium
Curium
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Elements below the dark line are metals.
Ds
Roentgenium
Berkelium Californium Einsteinium
Bk
Cf
Es
100
Fermium
Fm
Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
Md
No
Lr
Ts
Oganesson
Og
page 04
Column
1
Melting and Boiling Points of Selected Elements
Group
2
Group
3
Group
4
Group
5
Group
6
Group
7
Group
0
1
2
Hydrogen
Helium
Key
−259
−253
Atomic Number
−272
−269
Name of Element
3
4
Lithium
Beryllium
181
1342
1287
2471*
Melting Point (°C)
Boiling Point (°C)
5
6
7
8
9
10
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
2077
4000
†3825
−210
−196
−219
−183
−220
−188
−249
−246
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Sodium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Chlorine
Argon
98
883
650
1090
660
2519
1414
3265
44
281
115
445
−101
−34
−189
−186
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Potassium
Calcium
Scandium
Titanium
Vanadium
Chromium
Manganese
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Copper
Zinc
Gallium
Germanium
Arsenic
Selenium
Bromine
Krypton
63
759
842
1484
1541
2836
1670
3287
1910
3407
1907
2671
1246
2061
1538
2861
1495
2927
1455
2913
1085
2560
420
907
30
2229
938
2833
*817
†616
221
685
−7
59
−157
−153
42
43
37
38
39
40
41
Rubidium
Strontium
Yttrium
Zirconium
Niobium
39
688
777
1377
1522
3345
1854
4406
2477
4741
Molybdenum Technetium
2622
4639
2157
4262
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Ruthenium
Rhodium
Palladium
Silver
Cadmium
Indium
Tin
Antimony
Tellurium
Iodine
Xenon
2333
4147
1963
3695
1555
2963
962
2162
321
767
157
2072
232
2586
631
1587
450
988
114
184
−112
−108
55
56
57
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Caesium
Barium
Lanthanum
Hafnium
Tantalum
Tungsten
Rhenium
Osmium
Iridium
Platinum
Gold
Mercury
Thallium
Lead
Bismuth
Polonium
Astatine
Radon
28
671
727
1845
920
3464
2233
4600
3017
5455
3414
5555
3185
5590
3033
5008
2446
4428
1768
3825
1064
2836
−39
357
304
1473
327
1749
271
1564
254
962
302
−71
−62
* at 28 atmospheres
† sublimes
page 05
Group
1
Electron Arrangements of Main Group Elements
Key
Atomic Number
Name of Element
Symbol
Electron arrangement
Group
1
Group
2
Group
3
Group
4
Group
5
Group
6
Group
7
Group
0
2
1
Hydrogen
Helium
H
1
He
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Lithium
Beryllium
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
Li
2,1
Be
2,2
B
2,3
C
2,4
N
2,5
O
2,6
F
2,7
Ne
2,8
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Sodium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Chlorine
Argon
Na
2,8,1
Mg
2,8,2
Al
2,8,3
Si
2,8,4
P
2,8,5
S
2,8,6
Cl
2,8,7
Ar
2,8,8
19
20
31
32
33
34
36
35
Potassium
Calcium
Gallium
Germanium
Arsenic
Selenium
Bromine
Krypton
K
2,8,8,1
Ca
2,8,8,2
Ga
2,8,18,3
Ge
2,8,18,4
As
2,8,18,5
Se
2,8,18,6
Br
2,8,18,7
Kr
2,8,18,8
Rubidium
37
Strontium
38
Indium
49
50
Tin
Antimony
Tellurium
Iodine
Xenon
Rb
2,8,18,
8,1
55
Sr
2,8,18,
8,2
56
In
2,8,18,
18,3
81
Sn
2,8,18,
18,4
82
Sb
2,8,18,
18,5
83
Te
2,8,18,
18,6
84
I
2,8,18,
18,7
85
Xe
2,8,18,
18,8
86
Cs
2,8,18,
18,8,1
87
Ba
2,8,18,
18,8,2
88
Tl
2,8,18,
32,18,3
Pb
2,8,18,
32,18,4
Bi
2,8,18,
32,18,5
Po
2,8,18,
32,18,6
At
2,8,18,
32,18,7
Rn
2,8,18,
32,18,8
Fr
2,8,18,32,
18,8,1
Ra
2,8,18,32,
18,8,2
Caesium
Barium
Francium
Thallium
51
Lead
Radium
52
Bismuth
Polonium
The elements on this side
of the dark line are metals.
53
54
Astatine
Radon
The elements on this side of the
dark line are non-metals.
Flame Colours
Element
Ion
Flame colour
barium
Ba2+
green
calcium
Ca2+
copper
lithium
Element
Ion
Flame colour
potassium
K+
lilac
orange-red
sodium
Na+
yellow
Cu2+
blue-green
strontium
Sr2+
red
Li+
red
page 06
Names, Symbols, Relative Atomic Masses, Densities and Dates of Discovery
(Relative atomic masses, also known as average atomic masses, have been rounded to the nearest 0.5)
Element
Actinium
Aluminium
Americium
Antimony
Argon
Arsenic
Astatine
Barium
Berkelium
Beryllium
Bismuth
Boron
Bromine
Cadmium
Calcium
Californium
Carbon
Cerium
Caesium
Chlorine
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Curium
Dysprosium
Einsteinium
Erbium
Europium
Fluorine
Francium
Gadolinium
Gallium
Germanium
Gold
Hafnium
Helium
Holmium
Hydrogen
Indium
Iodine
Iridium
Iron
Krypton
Lanthanum
Lead
Lithium
Lutetium
Magnesium
Symbol
Ac
Al
Am
Sb
Ar
As
At
Ba
Bk
Be
Bi
B
Br
Cd
Ca
Cf
C
Ce
Cs
Cl
Cr
Co
Cu
Cm
Dy
Es
Er
Eu
F
Fr
Gd
Ga
Ge
Au
Hf
He
Ho
H
In
I
Ir
Fe
Kr
La
Pb
Li
Lu
Mg
Relative
atomic
mass
227
27
243
122
40
75
210
137.5
247
9
209
11
80
112.5
40
251
12
140
133
35.5
52
59
63.5
247
162.5
252
167.5
152
19
223
157
69.5
72.5
197
178.5
4
165
1
115
127
192
56
84
139
207
7
175
24.5
Density
(g cm−3)
Date of
Discovery
10.1
2.70
12.0
6.68
0.0018
5.75
unknown
3.62
13.3
1.85
9.79
2.34
3.10
8.69
1.54
15.1
1899
1825
1944
Ancient
1894
*
6.77
1.87
0.0032
7.15
8.86
8.96
13.5
8.55
unknown
9.07
5.24
0.0017
unknown
7.90
5.91
5.32
19.3
13.3
0.0002
8.80
0.00009
7.31
4.93
22.6
7.87
0.0037
6.15
11.3
0.53
9.84
1.74
~1250
1940
1808
1949
1798
1753
1808
1826
1817
1808
1950
Prehistoric
1803
1860
1774
1797
1739
Ancient
1944
1886
1952
1843
1896
1886
1939
1880
1875
1886
Ancient
1923
1868
1879
1766
1863
1811
1803
Ancient
1898
1839
Ancient
1817
1907
1808
*The density of carbon as graphite is 2.27 g cm−3
The density of carbon as diamond is 3.51 g cm−3
Element
Symbol
Relative
atomic
mass
Density
(g cm−3)
Date of
Discovery
Manganese
Mercury
Molybdenum
Neodymium
Neon
Neptunium
Nickel
Niobium
Nitrogen
Osmium
Oxygen
Palladium
Phosphorus
Platinum
Plutonium
Polonium
Potassium
Praseodymium
Promethium
Protactinium
Radium
Radon
Rhenium
Rhodium
Rubidium
Ruthenium
Samarium
Scandium
Selenium
Silicon
Silver
Sodium
Strontium
Sulfur
Tantalum
Technetium
Tellurium
Terbium
Thallium
Thorium
Thulium
Tin
Titanium
Tungsten
Uranium
Vanadium
Xenon
Ytterbium
Yttrium
Zinc
Zirconium
Mn
Hg
Mo
Nd
Ne
Np
Ni
Nb
N
Os
O
Pd
P
Pt
Pu
Po
K
Pr
Pm
Pa
Ra
Rn
Re
Rh
Rb
Ru
Sm
Sc
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Sr
S
Ta
Tc
Te
Tb
Tl
Th
Tm
Sn
Ti
W
U
V
Xe
Yb
Y
Zn
Zr
55
200.5
96
144
20
237
58.5
93
14
190
16
106.5
31
195
244
209
39
141
145
231
226
222
186
103
85.5
101
150.5
45
79
28
108
23
87.5
32
181
98
127.5
159
204.5
232
169
118.5
48
184
238
51
131.5
173
89
65.5
91
7.30
13.5
10.2
7.01
0.0009
20.2
8.90
8.57
0.0013
22.6
0.0014
12.0
1.82
21.5
19.7
9.20
0.89
6.77
7.26
15.4
5.00
0.0097
20.8
12.4
1.53
12.1
7.52
2.99
4.81
2.33
10.5
0.97
2.64
2.00
16.4
11.0
6.23
8.23
11.8
11.7
9.32
7.29
4.51
19.3
19.1
6.00
0.0059
6.90
4.47
7.13
6.52
1774
Ancient
1778
1885
1898
1940
1751
1801
1772
1803
1774
1803
1669
1735
1941
1898
1807
1885
1944
1913
1898
1900
1925
1803
1861
1844
1853
1879
1817
1824
Ancient
1807
1790
Ancient
1802
1937
1782
1843
1861
1828
1879
Ancient
1791
1783
1789
1801
1898
1878
1789
Ancient
1789
page 07
Formulae of Selected Ions containing more than one kind of Atom
one positive
one negative
two negative
three negative
Ion
Ion
Ion
Ion
ammonium
Formula
NH4+
Formula
CH3COO−
ethanoate
hydrogencarbonate HCO3−
Formula
carbonate
CO 32−
chromate
CrO42−
Formula
phosphate
PO43−
sulfate
oxide
hydroxide
hydrogensulfate
HSO4−
dichromate
Cr2O 7 2−
hydrogensulfite
HSO3−
sulfate
SO42−
hydroxide
OH−
sulfite
SO 32−
nitrate
NO3−
thiosulfate
S 2O32−
permanganate
MnO4−
Solubilities of Selected Compounds in Water
The table shows how some compounds behave in cold water
vs
means very soluble
(a solubility greater than 10 g l−1)
s
means soluble
(a solubility of between 1 and 10 g l−1)
i
means insoluble
(a solubility of less than 1 g l−1)
–
no data
bromide
carbonate
chloride
aluminium
vs
–
vs
vs
vs
i
vs
i
i
ammonium
vs
vs
vs
vs
vs
vs
vs
–
–
barium
vs
i
vs
vs
vs
i
i
vs
vs
calcium
vs
i
vs
vs
vs
i
s
s
s
copper(II)
vs
i
vs
–
vs
i
vs
i
i
iron(II)
vs
i
vs
vs
vs
i
vs
i
i
iron(III)
vs
–
vs
–
vs
i
vs
i
i
lead(II)
s
i
s
i
vs
i
i
i
i
lithium
vs
vs
vs
vs
vs
i
vs
vs
vs
magnesium
vs
i
vs
vs
vs
i
vs
i
i
nickel
vs
i
vs
vs
vs
i
vs
i
i
potassium
vs
vs
vs
vs
vs
vs
vs
vs
vs
i
i
i
i
vs
i
s
i
–
sodium
vs
vs
vs
vs
vs
vs
vs
vs
vs
tin(II)
vs
i
vs
s
–
i
vs
i
i
zinc
vs
i
vs
vs
vs
i
vs
i
i
silver
iodide nitrate phosphate
Note: Some of the compounds in the table hydrolyse significantly in water.
page 08
Melting and Boiling Points of Selected Inorganic Compounds
COVALENT
Name of compound
IONIC
mp (°C)
bp (°C)
ammonia
−78
−33
barium chloride
carbon dioxide
−78
−57
calcium oxide
−205
−192
−9
21
silicon dioxide
1713
sulfur dioxide
carbon monoxide
nitrogen dioxide
water
Name of compound
mp (°C)
bp (°C)
961
1560
2613
2850
lithium bromide
550
1265
magnesium chloride
714
1412
2950
potassium iodide
681
1323
−75
−10
sodium chloride
802
1465
0
100
mp (°C)
bp (°C)
ethene
−169
−104
Under normal conditions, carbon dioxide does
not melt but sublimes instead. The melting point
and boiling point were measured under different
conditions.
Melting and Boiling Points of Selected Organic Compounds
Name of compound
mp (°C)
bp (°C)
Name of compound
methane
−182
−162
ethane
−183
−89
propene
−185
−48
propane
−188
−42
but-1-ene
−185
−6
butane
−138
−1
pent-1-ene
−165
30
pentane
−130
36
hex-1-ene
−140
63
hexane
−95
69
−91
2-methylpropene
−141
−7
heptane
98
−57
2-methylbut-1-ene
−137
31
octane
126
2-methylpent-1-ene
−136
62
cyclobutane
−90
12
2-methylhex-1-ene
−103
92
cyclopentane
−93
49
7
81
2-methylpropane
−159
2-methylbutane
cyclohexane
methanol
−97.5
65
ethanol
−114
78
−12
propan-1-ol
−124
97
−160
28
propan-2-ol
−88
82
2-methylpentane
−154
60
butan-1-ol
−89
118
2-methylhexane
−118
90
butan-2-ol
−89
100
8
101
17
118
propanoic acid
−20
141
butanoic acid
−5
164
methanoic acid
ethanoic acid
page 09
Electrochemical Series (Reduction Reactions)
Metal
Reaction
lithium
Li+(aq) + e−
Li(s)
potassium
K+(aq) + e−
K(s)
calcium
Ca2+(aq) + 2e−
Ca(s)
sodium
Na+(aq) + e−
Na(s)
magnesium
Mg2+(aq) + 2e−
Mg(s)
aluminium
Al3+(aq) + 3e−
Al(s)
zinc
Zn2+(aq) + 2e−
Zn(s)
iron
Fe2+(aq) + 2e−
Fe(s)
nickel
Ni2+(aq) + 2e−
Ni(s)
tin
Sn2+(aq) + 2e−
Sn(s)
lead
Pb2+(aq) + 2e−
Pb(s)
Fe3+(aq) + 3e−
Fe(s)
2H+(aq) + 2e−
H2(g)
S4O62−(aq) + 2e−
2S2O32−(aq)
SO42−(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e−
SO32−(aq) + H2O(ℓ)
Cu2+(aq) + 2e−
Cu(s)
2H2O(ℓ) + O2(g) + 4e−
4OH−(aq)
I2(s) + 2e−
2I−(aq)
Fe3+(aq) + e−
Fe2+(aq)
silver
Ag+(aq) + e−
Ag(s)
mercury
Hg2+(aq) + 2e−
Hg(ℓ)
Br2(ℓ) + 2e−
2Br−(aq)
Cl2(g) + 2e−
2Cl−(aq)
Au+(aq) + e−
Au(s)
H2O2(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e−
2H2O(ℓ)
hydrogen
copper
gold
page 10
Published: June 2021
Change since last published:
House style updates.
Data values updated in line with CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 100th ed.
Update of elements on Page 04.
Melting and boiling points of carbon dioxide corrected on Page 09. (November 2021)