Seminar Report And Presentation SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (PRINTING TECHNOLOGY) (2018-2022) Under the supervision of Dr. Anjan Kumar Baral (Professor) Mr. Sanjeev Mathur (Astt. Professor) Mr. Mohit Anand (Astt. Professor) Submitted by – Chirayu Sharma ( 180030320011) Department of Printing Technology Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Topics • Introduction to currency printing • Identification in currency printing. I. II. III. IV. Secret patterns. Watermark. Fine line printing. Micro printing. Introduction to Currency Printing:Paper currency first developed in Tang dynasty China during the 7th century, although true paper money did not appear until the 11th century, during the Song dynasty. The usage of paper currency later spread throughout the Mongol Empire or Yuan dynasty China. European explorers like Marco Polo introduced the concept in Europe during the 13th century. Napoleon issued paper banknotes in the early 1800s. A currency in the most specific sense is money in any form when in use or circulation as a medium of exchange, especially circulating banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a system of money (monetary units) in common use, especially for people in a nation. Under this definition, U.S. dollars (US$), euros (€), Indian rupee (₹), Japanese yen (¥), and pounds sterling (£) are examples of currencies. Currencies may act as stores of value and be traded between nations in foreign exchange markets, which determine the relative values of the different currencies. Currencies in this sense are defined by governments, and each type has limited boundaries of acceptance. •Design:The planning, printing and production of a new bank note design is complex and takes a large team of people up to; two years before the note is issued. First of all, the design elements of the note have to be decided. Rough drawings are prepared of the images to be used (people, birds, plants, flowers, etc.) watermark, text, and colors. •Printing:To create a bank note, printing plates, polymer substrate and Ink area brought together in a huge printing hall. The polymer substrate, on which the bank notes are printed, starts out as large roll or clear plastic film. •Security:The primary purpose for the development of Guardian substrate for banknotes was to enhance security. The use of Guardian substrate provides effective counterfeit deterrence by: Making it difficult, Time consuming and costly to counterfeit by increasing the range of steps required, Making it easier for the general public to recognize a counterfeit, Providing a platform for new and innovative security features. SECRET PATTERN WATERMARK :These are that type of pattern which were printed hidden in the currency or any note weather in Indian Rupee, Euro or in Pounds. These type of patterns are used to identify the currency weather it is original or fake. A watermark is a recognizable image formed as the paper is manufactured, providing built-in security to Belize's currency. A watermark appears as various shades of lightness and darkness when viewed by transmitted light, caused by thickness or density variations in the paper. background of the portrait and the buildings. FINE LINE PRINTING :Fine-line printing patterns appear on both sides of the note, in the background of the portrait and the buildings. This type of printing is difficult to reproduce on scanning equipment or replicate by other printing methods. • Fine-Line Printing Patterns: This type of line structure appears normal to the human eye but is difficult for current copying and scanning equipment to resolve properly. The lines are found behind the portrait on the front and around the historic building on the back MICRO PRINTING :Micro printing is small but well defined text printed by offset or intaglio at a size that usually requires a magnifying glass to read. On our notes the micro printed words are generally located near the portraits. This feature appears between the vertical band and Mahatma Gandhi portrait. It contains the word ‘RBI’ in Rs.5 and Rs.10. The notes of Rs.20 and above also contain the denominational value of the notes in micro letters. Security Thread:Rs.1000 notes introduced in October 2000 contain a readable, windowed security thread alternately visible on the obverse with the inscriptions ‘Bharat’ (in Hindi), ‘1000’ and ‘RBI’, but totally embedded on the reverse. The Rs.500 and Rs.100 notes have a security thread with similar visible features and inscription ‘Bharat’ (in Hindi), and ‘RBI’. When held against the light, the security thread on Rs.1000, Rs.500 and Rs.100 can be seen as one continuous line. The Rs.5, Rs.10, Rs.20 and Rs.50 notes contain a readable, fully embedded windowed security thread with the inscription ‘Bharat’ (in Hindi), and ‘RBI’. The security thread appears to the left of the Mahatma's portrait. Notes issued prior to the introduction of the Mahatma Gandhi Series have a plain, non-readable fully embedded security thread. Latent image:On the obverse side of Rs.1000, Rs.500, Rs.100, Rs.50 and Rs.20 notes, a vertical band on the right side of the Mahatma Gandhi’s portrait contains a latent image showing the respective denominational value in numeral. The latent image is visible only when the note is held horizontally at eye level. Intaglio Printing The portrait of Mahatma Gandhi, the Reserve Bank seal, guarantee and promise clause, Ashoka Pillar Emblem on the left, RBI Governor's signature are printed in intaglio i.e. in raised prints, which can be felt by touch, in Rs.20, Rs.50, Rs.100, Rs.500 and Rs.1000 notes. Identification Mark A special feature in intaglio has been introduced on the left of the watermark window on all notes except Rs.10/- note. This feature is in different shapes for various denominations (Rs. 20-Vertical Rectangle, Rs.50-Square, Rs.100-Triangle, Rs.500-Circle, Rs.1000-Diamond) and helps the visually impaired to identify the denomination. Fluorescence Number panels of the notes are printed in fluorescent ink. The notes also have optical fibres. Both can be seen when the notes are exposed to ultra-violet lamp. Optically Variable Ink This is a new security feature incorporated in the Rs.1000 and Rs.500 notes with revised colour scheme introduced in November 2000. The numeral 1000 and 500 on the obverse of Rs.1000 and Rs.500 notes respectively is printed in optically variable ink viz., a colour-shifting ink. The colour of the numeral 1000/500 appears green when the note is held flat but would change to blue when the note is held at an angle. See through Register:The small floral design printed both on the front (hollow) and back (filled up) of the note in the middle of the vertical band next to the Watermark has an accurate back to back registration. The design will appear as one floral design when seen against the light. Legal provisions against counterfeiting:Printing and circulation of forged notes are offences under Sections 489A to 489E of the Indian Penal Code and are punishable in the courts of law by fine or imprisonment or both.