Seminar Report And Presentation
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
(PRINTING TECHNOLOGY)
(2018-2022)
Under the supervision of
Dr. Anjan Kumar Baral (Professor)
Mr. Sanjeev Mathur (Astt. Professor)
Mr. Mohit Anand (Astt. Professor)
Submitted by – Chirayu Sharma ( 180030320011)
Department of Printing Technology
Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology,
Topics
• Introduction to currency printing
• Identification in currency printing.
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Secret patterns.
Watermark.
Fine line printing.
Micro printing.
Introduction to Currency Printing:Paper currency first developed in Tang dynasty China during the 7th
century, although true paper money did not appear until the 11th
century, during the Song dynasty. The usage of paper currency later
spread throughout the Mongol Empire or Yuan dynasty China.
European explorers like Marco Polo introduced the concept in
Europe during the 13th century. Napoleon issued paper banknotes
in the early 1800s. A currency in the most specific sense is money in
any form when in use or circulation as a medium of exchange,
especially circulating banknotes and coins. A more general definition
is that a currency is a system of money (monetary units) in common
use, especially for people in a nation. Under this definition, U.S.
dollars (US$), euros (€), Indian rupee (₹), Japanese yen (¥), and
pounds sterling (£) are examples of currencies. Currencies may act as
stores of value and be traded between nations in foreign exchange
markets, which determine the relative values of the different
currencies. Currencies in this sense are defined by governments, and
each type has limited boundaries of acceptance.
•Design:The planning, printing and production of a new bank note design is
complex and takes a large team of people up to; two years before
the note is issued. First of all, the design elements of the note have
to be decided. Rough drawings are prepared of the images to be
used (people, birds, plants, flowers, etc.) watermark, text, and
colors.
•Printing:To create a bank note, printing plates, polymer substrate and Ink
area brought together in a huge printing hall. The polymer substrate,
on which the bank notes are printed, starts out as large roll or clear
plastic film.
•Security:The primary purpose for the development of Guardian substrate for
banknotes was to enhance security. The use of Guardian substrate
provides effective counterfeit deterrence by: Making it difficult,
Time consuming and costly to counterfeit by increasing the range of
steps required, Making it easier for the general public to recognize a
counterfeit, Providing a platform for new and innovative security
features. SECRET PATTERN
WATERMARK :These are that type of pattern which were printed hidden in the
currency or any note weather in Indian Rupee, Euro or in Pounds.
These type of patterns are used to identify the currency weather it is
original or fake. A watermark is a recognizable image formed as the
paper is manufactured, providing built-in security to Belize's
currency. A watermark appears as various shades of lightness and
darkness when viewed by transmitted light, caused by thickness or
density variations in the paper. background of the portrait and the
buildings.
FINE LINE PRINTING :Fine-line printing patterns appear on both sides of the note, in the
background of the portrait and the buildings. This type of printing is
difficult to reproduce on scanning equipment or replicate by other
printing methods. • Fine-Line Printing Patterns: This type of line
structure appears normal to the human eye but is difficult for
current copying and scanning equipment to resolve properly. The
lines are found behind the portrait on the front and around the
historic building on the back
MICRO PRINTING :Micro printing is small but well defined text printed by offset or
intaglio at a size that usually requires a magnifying glass to read. On
our notes the micro printed words are generally located near the
portraits. This feature appears between the vertical band and
Mahatma Gandhi portrait. It contains the word ‘RBI’ in Rs.5 and
Rs.10. The notes of Rs.20 and above also contain the denominational
value of the notes in micro letters.
Security Thread:Rs.1000 notes introduced in October 2000 contain a readable,
windowed security thread alternately visible on the obverse with the
inscriptions ‘Bharat’ (in Hindi), ‘1000’ and ‘RBI’, but totally
embedded on the reverse. The Rs.500 and Rs.100 notes have a
security thread with similar visible features and inscription ‘Bharat’
(in Hindi), and ‘RBI’. When held against the light, the security thread
on Rs.1000, Rs.500 and Rs.100 can be seen as one continuous line.
The Rs.5, Rs.10, Rs.20 and Rs.50 notes contain a readable, fully
embedded windowed security thread with the inscription ‘Bharat’
(in Hindi), and ‘RBI’. The security thread appears to the left of the
Mahatma's portrait. Notes issued prior to the introduction of the
Mahatma Gandhi Series have a plain, non-readable fully embedded
security thread.
Latent image:On the obverse side of Rs.1000, Rs.500, Rs.100, Rs.50 and Rs.20 notes,
a vertical band on the right side of the Mahatma Gandhi’s portrait
contains a latent image showing the respective denominational value
in numeral. The latent image is visible only when the note is held
horizontally at eye level.
Intaglio Printing
The portrait of Mahatma Gandhi, the Reserve Bank seal, guarantee
and promise clause, Ashoka Pillar Emblem on the left, RBI Governor's
signature are printed in intaglio i.e. in raised prints, which can be felt
by touch, in Rs.20, Rs.50, Rs.100, Rs.500 and Rs.1000 notes.
Identification Mark
A special feature in intaglio has been introduced on the left of the
watermark window on all notes except Rs.10/- note. This feature is in
different shapes for various denominations (Rs. 20-Vertical Rectangle,
Rs.50-Square, Rs.100-Triangle, Rs.500-Circle, Rs.1000-Diamond) and
helps the visually impaired to identify the denomination.
Fluorescence
Number panels of the notes are printed in fluorescent ink. The notes
also have optical fibres. Both can be seen when the notes are exposed
to ultra-violet lamp.
Optically Variable Ink
This is a new security feature incorporated in the Rs.1000 and Rs.500
notes with revised colour scheme introduced in November 2000. The
numeral 1000 and 500 on the obverse of Rs.1000 and Rs.500 notes
respectively is printed in optically variable ink viz., a colour-shifting
ink. The colour of the numeral 1000/500 appears green when the note
is held flat but would change to blue when the note is held at an angle.
See through Register:The small floral design printed both on the front (hollow) and back
(filled up) of the note in the middle of the vertical band next to the
Watermark has an accurate back to back registration. The design will
appear as one floral design when seen against the light.
Legal provisions against counterfeiting:Printing and circulation of forged notes are offences
under Sections 489A to 489E of the Indian Penal Code
and are punishable in the courts of law by fine or
imprisonment or both.