CYPRUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERISTY
INSTITUTE OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARH
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHOD
(ARCH521)
QUESTIONNAIRE RESEARCH METHOD
BY
YAKUBU SABO ABDULLAHI
21712608
Instructor
Asst. Prof Dr Ayşe ÖZTÜRK
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CONTENT
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
Problem statement
Aims and Objectives
Importance of the research
Scope and limitation
Methodology and structure of the research
Chapter 2. Definition, types and delivery method of questionnaire
2.1 Definition
2.2 Types of Questionnaire
2.2.1. Open ended questionnaire
2.2.2. Closed ended questionnaire
2.2.3. Rating scale questionnaire
2.2.4. Likert-type scales questionnaire
2.2.5. Semantic differential questionnaire
2.2.6. Multiple choice questionnaire
2.2.7. Rank order questionnaire
2.2.7.1. Paired comparison
2.2.7.2. Forced preference Rank order
2.2.8. Dichotomous questionnaire.
2.3. Method of delivery
2.3.1. Hand delivery
2.3.2. Mail delivery
2.3.3. Verbal delivery
Chapter 3 Characteristics, Design and Ethics of Questionnaire
3.1 Characteristics of questionnaire
3.2. Questionnaire development
3.3. Ethics of a questionnaire
CHAPTER 4 Conclusıon and References
4.1 Conclusıon.
4.2 References.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1. Problem statement
The field of research is expanding significantly but it is challenging to sometimes bring up to and compile an
accurate data of a particular subject of a research field, most of the times, the data compilation are becoming
probelamtic to assemble.
For this reason, there is need to dig deeper and understand more about questionnaire and its features, and this
will make a standard basis on ways to approach and conduct a questionnaire base research.
1.2
Aims and Objectives
The research aim and objectives, are
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To identify values of questionnaire and all components related to it, using it as a base of conducting
any form of research.
To explain the methods of carrying out a quyestionnaire survey
To give researchers a clue on how to design a questionnaiure paper
To elaborate the importance of the credibility of the information gotten from a questionnaire survey.
To identify the importance and principles of questionnaire in getting the first-hand Information from
resrach areas.
1.3. Importance of the Research
The importance of this research upon completion are


For undergraduates and researchsers to understand how a questionnaire is been done and how to make
make it.
Also the research will provide a fundamental understanding on how data gotten from a questionnaire
can be assembled and be evaluated.
1.4. Scope and Limitation.
The scope of the research is to focus on different types of questionnaires and different methods of its
application in various fields of research. The research is limited to focusing on questionnaire as a research
method only, thus will not be focusing on the areas that are not related to the questionnaire as a research
method.
1.5. Methodology.
The methodology that will be used to conduct this research is getting all the information related to the subject
form Books, Published Articles and credible online sources, that have a legit information and detailed
explanation about questionnaire and what it entails.
The Structures Of The Research are
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Chapter 1 includes an introduction that provides a general overview about the questionnaire and the
summation of what the research will contain,
Chapter 2 explains the various types of questionaaire and the possible ways of their application,
Chapter three will elaborate the charasteristics, advantages and disavantages of questionnaire.
Chapter 4 includes summary, conclusion and refrences.
CHAPTER 2 Definitions, Types And Method Of Delivery
2.1 Definition
Questionnaire is any written document that provide respondents with a sequence of questions or statement in
which they are to respond either by writing out their answers or choosing from an already existing or given
answers. [1]
In other words, questionnaire is defined as the research mechanism containing of chain of questions for the
purpose of assembling information and data from the people. [2]
Sir Galton Francis, an elite English philosopher and a scholar, initiated the use of the questionnaire in surveys.
Questionnaires commonly ask questions that produce ideas and performances, preferences, and facts. [3]
2.2. Types of Questionnaires
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Open ended questionnaire
Closed ended questionnaire
Rating Scale questionnaire
Linkert-type scales questionnaire
Semantic differential questionnaire
Multiple choice questionnaire
Rank order questionnaire
Dichotomous questionnaire
2.2.1. Open ended questionnaire
Open ended questionnaire gives the respondent an open opportunity to answer a question based on his own
understanding and explanation, the respondant is not been restricted to a certain options of answer type. [4]
Examples of open ended questions are


‘’What could we do to improve our level of security in the car wash?’’’
‘’What are the things that you will like to be entertained with during your visit to our site?’’
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2.2.2. Closed ended Questionnaire.
Closed ended questionnaire is the type of question where by the respondent is not been provide with
adequate choice of answers to answer a question, rather he is been strictly deviated to a specific options in
which to be chosen from. [5]
Examples of closed ended questions are


‘’Can I use the bathroom?’’
‘’Was that your legal answer?’’
2.2.3. Rating Scale Questionnaire
Rating or scaled questionnaire is the question in which the respondent asses and give answers to the question
base on given dimension or scale, a balanced scale method is often used in this method of questioning. [6]
2.2.4. Likert-type scales questionnaire
The likert type questionnaire is the type of questionnaire in which the researcher will demand the level of
agreement or disagreement of a particular subject from the respondent [7]
Example:
Using a scale 1 to 5, where 1 is strongly agree and 5 is strongly disagree, answer the following questions
1 strongly agree
2 Agree
3 indecisive
4 Disagree
5 Strongly Disagree
Chocolates give
energy to the body
2.2.5 Semantic Differential Questionnaire
Semantic differential questionnaire, each end of the scale marked is with different or opposing statements.[7]
Example:
“On a scale ranging from 1 - 7 where 7 is the shortest and 1 is the longest, how could you describe and
explain the amount of time you waited for the food to be delivered’’
2.2.6 Multiple Choice Questionnaires
In multiple questions questionnaire, options are given, two or more, in which the respondent will choose from
the given choices in other to answer the given questions.[8]
Example:
Where would you choose to go on honeymoon?
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(a) Turkey
(b) Cyprus
(c) United kingdom
(d) United states of America
2.2.7. Rank Order Questionnaire
Rank order questionnaire is the type of questionnaire that consist of different alternatives in which the
respondent is been given a set of options to choose from those given alternatives. [7]
The rank order questionnaire is been divided into two part
-Paired Comparison
-Forced preference Rank Order
2.2.7.1. Paired comparisons- In here the respondent has to choose between two alternatives.[7]
Example: ‘’When choosing a brand product, what is more important to you, quality or price?’’
2.2.7.2. Forced Preference Rank Order- In this type, the respondent has to choose between several types of
alternatives that was been given, and these alternatives requires sequential arrangement from higher to
lower.[7]
Example:
‘’Look at the list of the following items and rank all of them from most useful to least useful’’
2.2.8. Dichotomous questions
This type of questionnaire is usually offers two options for answering the given questions, [9], options like
Yes or no
True or false
Agree or disagree
2.3. Method of Delivery
There are different types of questionnaire delivery; each method of delivery determines which kind of
questionnaire is been prepared. The types are:
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
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Hand delivery
Mail delivery
Verbal delivery
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2.3.1. Hand Delivery.
This type of questionnaire is also referred to as direct questionnaire where the researcher
meet the respondent and handover the questionnaire for answering.
2.3.2. Mail delivery
In here, the questionnaire questions are been sent via e-mail through a computer or gadget, [9]
2.3.3. Verbal Delivery
This questionnaire is in a form of face to face verbal interview, where the researcher will be asking the
respondent a question and the respondent will be answering instantly
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CHAPTER 3
CHARASTERISTICS DESIGN AND ETHICS OF QUESTIONNAIRE
3.1 Characteristics of questionnaire
For a questionnaire to be fully functional and up to standard it has to have some certain characteristics, the
characteristics are:
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A well and properly designed questionnaire should make the questions easy for the respondent to
provide the necessary answers and information so as to make it easy for the interviewer to record to
data gotten.
A good questionnaire should possess the most accurate and complete information.
Questionnaire should not include jargons, acronyms, and other terminologies which are unfamiliar to
the respondent.[10]
3.2 Questionnaire Development
it is important that a researcher knows how questionnaires are ben developed so as to to make it easier to
prepare and conduct a particular research study, below are the stages of questionnaire development:
1. Decide the information required.
2. Define the target respondents.
3. Choose the method(s) of reaching your target respondents.
4. Decide on question content.
5. Develop the question wording.
6. Put questions into a meaningful order and format.
7. Check the length of the questionnaire.
8. Pre-test the questionnaire.
9. Develop the final survey form.[11]
3.3 Questionnaire Ethics
Questionnaire has some certain ethics that has to be considered for every kind of survey that is to be
conducted by questionnaire research tool, the ethics are:,
-The researcher has to make good sure that all the information that is provided by the respondent is been kept
confidential, such as name, address and e.t.c.
-Be aware of the cultural differences that are relating to the research topic and the wording of the research
questions[12]
-Get an approved permission of either parent or guardian before taking the survey info form under-age children,
-Participants should be aware and notified that the responses they are given is at their own will, and they have
all the right to withdraw if they feel like.[9]
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CHAPTER 4, CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES.
4.1. Conclusion
Questionnaires are relatively easy to run and resourcefully gather quite large quantities of data at a favorable
manner. And also it can reach a large number of people with the touch of a key. Questionnaire respondents
may feel more relaxed and comfortabl providing private or profound answers than when the respondents are
being interviewed through phone or directly face to face. However this paper highlights the main types,
characteristics and methods of conducting a questionnaire base research.
4.2. References
1 (Brown, 2001, p.6) https://explorable.com/questionnaire-example
2
Schuman, H., & Presser, S. (1979). The Open and Closed Question. American Sociological Review, 44(5),
692-712. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2094521
3
Questionnaire Example. Retrieved Dec 28, 2018 from Explorable.com:
4
KING, G. (1972). Open & Closed Questions: The Reference Interview. RQ, 12(2), 157-160. Retrieved
from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25825398
5
5 Sarah Mae Sincero (Jun 3, 2012).
6 Abdi, H. (2010). Guttman scaling. Encyclopedia of Research Design. SAGE Publications.
7. https://canadabusiness.ca/business-planning/market-research-and-statistics/conducting-marketresearch/types-of-survey-questions/
8 www.merriam-webster.com
9 www.uky.edu/~kdbrad2/EPE619/Notes/PowerPoint/Chapter4B.ppt
10 http://www.fao.org/docrep/w3241e/w3241e05.htm
11. Sudman, S. and Bradburn, N. M. (1973), Asking Questions, pp. 208 - 28.
12. McLeod, S. A. (2018). Questionnaire. Retrieved from
https://www.simplypsychology.org/questionnaires.html
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HOW DO I USE QUESTUIINNAIRE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ON
MY MASTER THESIS
The topic which I will be working on my thesis on is ‘’Risk Assessment in
construction project in Famagusta’’
Famagusta is one of the cities that in the recent years been developing in its
construction sectors, structures has been raised, such as residential, commercial
and mixed used functions, having that, due to that some risk factors are to be
considered in the construction sectors.
I will be using questionnaire methodology to get datas from the construction
companies that are in Famagusta, having almost 9 construction companies that
are currently operating. I will be using an open end questionnaire and likert-type
method so as to get exact data and information regarding the state of
construction industries in Famagusta, questionnaire will assist me in getting a
first-hand information in analyzing the construction risk management and also I
will get information on the different aspects and sides of the construction phase
and what are exactly the challenging and the concern and also the causes of
these risks.
Using the questionnaire method in getting the information and data from these
construction companies will give me full insight and detail of the risk that the
construction sector of Famagusta has been exposed to and recommend
necessary and workable solution to the problems so as to eliminate or decrease
the risk possibilities upon construction projects.
Therefore, the identification of risks and the resolvement of their urgencies in
each Stage of the construction using the questionnaire data, can help project
managers and the companies in preparing and taking proper measures against
those risks.
YAKUBU SABO ABDULLAHI – 21712608
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