A PROPOSED RAINWATER-HARVESTING FACILITY IN
MAGSAYSAY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL,
BAGUIO CITY
A Project Study Presented to the
Faculty of Civil Engineering Department
School of Engineering and Architecture
University of Baguio
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
(BSCE)
By
Ali, Mohamed A.
Al-zuhaifi Mohanad A.
Perez, Lara Jean L.
Salvo, Rocelle P.
Engr. Maria Clarissa Joy B. Ordoño
ADVISER
INTRODUCTION
According to World Health Organization, 1 in 10 people in
the Philippines still do not have accessed to improved water
sources, but the government is working to achieve universal
coverage for water by 2028.
The Philippines obtains its water supply from different
sources. These include: rainfall, surface water resources, i.e.
rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, and groundwater resources. It
has 18 major river basins and 421 principal river basins as
define by the National Water Regulatory Board (NWRB).
the Philippines water supply sources:
• Rainfall – surface water sources ( rivers, lacks and reservoirs )
– ground water.
 Rainwater is relatively clean water source and with necessary
caution it can be even used for consumptions. More recently,
many countries, the private sector and the public have turned to
harvesting rainwater as an alternative or supplementary source
of water
According to Dr. Dr. Doracie B. Zoleta-Nantes
 according to Dr. Doracie B. Zoleta-Nantes, the Philippines has
an abundant amount of rainfall with mean annual rainfall of 965
to 4,064 mm. And has an average of 19.6 typhoons per year.
“Water is an extremely important resource that we cannot live
without. But there are Filipinos who are still being left behind
in terms of access to improved water sources, especially in rural
communities,” said Dr. Gundo Weiler, WHO Representative in
the Philippines.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INPUT
I. Location
II. Catchment
Area
III. Rainfall
PROCESS
The catchment area is the
first point of contact for rainfall.
It is where the rainwater will be
gathered through preferably a
wide rooftop to address the
water demand in the school,
then it is going to be directed to
the gutters and the pipes that are
connected in it. It will be
drained in a tank that is
considerably could contain the
expected amount of the water
that will be collected from the
roof.
The accumulated
water will be utilized as a
non-potable water. A nonpotable water is not of drinking
quality, personal and culinary
use. The non-potable water will
be utilized for sanitation.
OUTPUT
A PROPOSED
RAINWATERHARVESTING
FACILITY IN
MAGSAYSAY
ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL, BAGUIO
CITY
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
According to the Department of the Interior and Local Government at the
Policies and Guidance on the construction of rainwater collectors, Memorandum
Circular No. 2017-76 June 14, 2017, which purpose was to ensure that local
governments will include the promotion of RWCS technologies applicable at the
community level at the construction of rainwater collectors in their respective
development plans and/or climate change action plans.
Republic Act No. 6716 of 1989, also known as the “Rainwater Collector and
Springs Development Law”, mandates the Department of Public Works and
Highways to construct water wells and rainwater collectors, develop springs and
rehabilitate existing water wells in barangays nationwide. Subsequently, it mandates
the Barangays to maintain and sustain these water facilities.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To determine the existing condition of water supply condition in
Magsaysay Elementary School;
2. To determine the design considerations in the rainwater harvesting system;
3. To check the financial feasibility of rainwater-harvesting system in
Magsaysay Elementary School.
STUDY DESIGN
• This research is applied descriptive design that involves statistical,
mathematical, and theoretical approaches. This study focuses on the
proposed project’s feasibility. School admins and management of Magsaysay
Elementary School was interviewed and surveyed. Variables incorporated in
the study are the annual precipitation data used to compute the volume of
the tank.
• Design conditions was considered in this study according to the code
standards in the construction of the Rainwater Harvesting System in Baguio
City.
SCHEMATIC VIEW OF RAINWATER-HARVESTING SYSTEM
CONTEXT AND LOCALE OF THE
STUDY
• This research will be conducted in Magsaysay Elementary School in
Barangay New Lucban, Baguio City. The study focuses on rainwater
harvesting system to be installed in the school with setting up of a
rainwater storage tank. The rainwater harvesting system to be installed at
the school is also design for using rainwater in different purposes except
potable uses.
DATA GATHERING TOOL
The tools that will be utilized in this research are interview guide, ocular
inspection and structural analysis software. The researchers will be
formulating an interview guide that will be used in gathering their data. The
researchers will also conduct an ocular inspection by visiting the school for
assessment. The researchers will be using STAAD for designing a storage
tank.
The researchers will also check the existing data’s concerning the water
supply condition in Magsaysay Elementary School. A rainfall intensity data
will be obtained from PAG-ASA (Philippines Atmospheric, geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration) to identify the amount of rainfall in
the area.
After determining the location of the project, the location of the roofs is chosen. An interview
will be used to assess the school’s capabilities. This study will be using a simple rain roof water
harvesting system that uses the roof as a catchment area, the pipeline as a distribution system, and the
tank as a storage system. The water use is non-potable for the school.
Considering the school’s willingness to work with the project, the project’s necessary
preparations begin with the gathering of data and the sharing of responsibility. The school’s roofs, as
well as their accessories such as gutters, and downspouts will be assessed for appropriate planning. It
will be done based on the design and development of the rainwater collecting tank.
Interview Guide Questions
• Availability of Space for construction
• Roof Area of building/s to be used
• Amount of water collected by the catchment area to determine the size of tank to be used
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
• The first step in conducting this research is an ocular inspection. In this
process, the researchers can determine the factors such as the water system
of the school. The ocular inspection can be accomplished within 1 to 2
days.
• The researchers will be preparing a letter for the interviewees containing
the purpose of the study to be signed by the adviser, the program chair,
and the dean.
• The researchers identified the water supply and demand condition in
Magsaysay Elementary School.
• A daily water balance was determined where the inflow and outflow will
be computed daily. A rainfall intensity was obtained from PAG-ASA
(Philippines Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration) to determine the daily inflow.
• Daily outflow will be computed using the daily water demand in
Magsaysay elementary School.
• The water balance will be calculated using the Rational Method stating
that Potential Rainwater Harvested = Rainfall (mm/year) x Catchment
Area (m2) x Runoff Coefficient.
•
Before a project is being constructed, return of investment is typically
calculated by taking the actual or estimated income from a project and subtracting
the actual or estimated costs. That number is the total profit that a project has
generated or is expected to generate. That number is then divided by the costs.
The formula for ROI (Return of Investment):
• ROI = (Net Profit / Cost of Investment) x 100
In a project management, the formula is written similarly, but with slightly
different terms:
• ROI = [(Financial Value – Project Cost) / Project Cost)] x 100
Included in the computation for the financial feasibility will be the materials
needed for the rain roof water harvesting system such as gutter, screen/roof washer,
pvc pipes, cement, sand and gravel, and the tank.
TREATMENT OF DATA
• After obtaining the needed information, the researchers will proceed with
the rain roof water-harvesting system with consideration of the availability
of space and cost for construction and the implementation method.
• To interpret the gathered data effectively, the researchers will be using a
simple water balance model. The water balance will be calculated the
Rational Method stating that Potential Rainwater Harvested = Rainfall
(mm/year) x Catchment Area (m2) x Runoff Coefficient.
Components of the system
• I.
CATCHMENT
The area that receives the rain from the ground is the catchment of a rainwater
harvesting system. This region can be a courtyard, a flat RCC roof, or an open
ground. In the case of Magsaysay Elementary School, a covered court can be
used as a catchment that is in front of the school buildings.
• II. CONVEYANCE
Rainwater from rooftops should be collected through down take or drains to a
storage or harvesting system. These should be UV (PVC pipes) resistant and
have wire mesh to prevent floating material.
• III. FIRST FLUSH
First flush is a tool to flush off water received in the first shower. The flushing
off first shower of rain is necessary to avoid polluting the
storable/rechargeable water by potential contaminants of catchment roof.
• IV. FILTER
Pressure Sand Filter is provided.
• V.
STORAGE
Two 9m³ volume tanks will be installed as a rainwater storage and it is going to
be connected by an 8- or 10-inches pressure sand filter, the first tank will hold
the raw rainwater that will be pass through the pressure sand filter and from it
goes to the second tank that will hold the filtered water.
Result and discussion
First objective
• Data of water supply and consumption were gathered from the school. A total
maximum water consumption of 68m³ was recorded before the Covid-19 crisis
occurred, and a maximum of 22m³ was recorded during the face-to-face limited
classes
• consumed by 215 male students, 239 female students and 21 school employees.
• For the social acceptance, A survey was done in the community of the new lucban
barangay where the school is located, they were told about the project we are
proposing and searching for their opinion about the idea of using the rain as
alternative source. The proposal was very much welcomed and people were looking
forward for this project to be taken seriously by the authorities and to be
implemented in a larger scale that gathers not only the schools, but also the
residential buildings
Second objective
• First, the annual precipitation average was calculated to determine the
amount of water that can be harvested, proceeding with the catchment area
and the piping system, and ending up with the storage tank.
• A daily rainfall data from 2008 to 2021 was collected and presented in this
chart.
• Annual average rainfall were also calculated using the data take from PAG ASA to be equal
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to 329mm.
Using this data and the catchment area we were able to determine the the amount of water
that could be gathered, thus the storage tank size.
Roughly speaking, 1 millimeter of rain over 1 square meter of roof equals 1 liter of water.
Water Supply = Average Rainfall x Catchment Area
Catchment Area = 28m x 12m = 336m²
The maximum volume of water that can be harvested: Roof Area (in square meters) x
Annual Average Rainfall (in millimeters) = Maximum Rain Harvesting Capacity (in liters)
The maximum volume of water that can be harvested = 336m² x 329mm x 0.9 (roof
coefficient)
The maximum volume of water that can be harvested = 99,489.6 liters = 99.489m³
Requires Tank Capacity = 99.489m³/year ÷ 12 = 8.3 m³/month
Based on the calculated values, the required tank capacity is 9m³ that may store water
accumulated by a 336m² catchment area.
Delivering system
A 4in. x 10ft. 220 PSI PVC pipes were used to deliver the rainwater from the
catchment area to the storage tank.
Water will be gathered by a 6inchs wide gutters that will be inclined from the
left of the 28m side the direct the water to and drain it through the pipes then
to the storage tank.
Storage tank
A 9m³ storage tank was installed at the side of the gutter’s downpours for a
shorter travelling distance for the water.
Third objective
• The primary benefit of the Rainwater Harvesting System is saving water,
which considers the water price as a key factor in this analysis. Authors have
represented financial viability in terms of the water price required to make
the installation of rainwater tank able to recover the investment costs.
Conclusion and recommendation
• The proposed Rainwater-Harvesting Facility in Magsaysay Elementary School can
be considered as an alternative source of non-potable domestic water.
• The implementation Rainwater-Harvesting System design for Magsaysay
Elementary School based on the data and the calculation given can be a great
solution and a convenient alternative source of water that could supply the school
with an extra free amount of water that could be added to the main water supply
and provide adequate and safe clean water for handwashing, toilet use, menstrual
hygiene management, and cleaning purposes available to all students during school
hours.
• The cistern tank was designed with a volume of 9m³ that could contain up to 329m³
annually, this water that was accumulated from a 336m² catchment area will reach
the storage tank via a 4 in. x 10ft. 220PSI PVC pipes that is connected to a 6’’ wide
gutters with two drainages from the 12m side of the catchment area.
• Social bias might exist since harvesting the rain water is advised by the City
Office and authorized department of the city, but when harvesting is
commonly promoted and encouraged by different parties also and its
benefits are discussed and advertised widely on how it is useful to us and to
the environment as well, this might increase the number of not only the
schools but also the residents to install a rainwater harvesting system and lift
the burden a bit on Baguio Water District and try to make use of the
enormous amount of water that falls on Baguio every year.
• We also recommend the school itself to have a committee to maintain the
water harvesting facility for its operation and maintenance once it is
constructed