A
Report
on
INTERNSHIP
ON WEB DEVELOPMENT
Submitted by
YIMISH GEDAM
10303320181137210075
Under the supervision of
GO CLUELESS LLP
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere.
Lonere-402103
2021 -2022
I
A
Report
on
INTERNSHIP
ON WEB DEVELOPMENT
Submitted by
YIMISH GEDAM
10303320181137210075
Under the supervision of
GO CLUELESS LLP
In the partial fulfilment of B. Tech. in Electronics & Telecommunication
Engineering course of Dr.BabasahebAmbedkar Technological University,
Lonere (Dist. Raigad) in the academic year 2021 - 2022
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Dr.BabasahebAmbedkar Technological University, Lonere.
Lonere-402103
2021 – 2022
II
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Internship report submitted by PRANAY
ALONE(103033201811372100715) is record of bonafide work carried
out by her under my guidance in the partial fulfilment the requirement for
the award of Degree of B.Tech. in Electronics and Telecommunication
Engineering course of Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological
University, Lonere (Dist. Raigad) in the academic year 2021-2022.
PRAJWAL DESHMUKH
PROJECT MANAGER
Prof. S. L. NALBALWAR
Head of Department
Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological
University
Lonere-Raigad 402103
GO CLUELESS LLP
S.NO: 130, Crossroads Bid,
Office no:317, Bhumkar Chowk,
Wakad, Pune,411057
Email:clueless.storee@gmail.com
III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The course opportunity I had with GO CLUELESS LLP on WEB DEVELOPMENT based
projects topic is a great chance for learning and professional development. Therefore, we
consider ourselves as a very lucky individuals as we were provided with an opportunity to be
a part of it. We are also grateful for having a chance to learn from so many wonderful people
and professionals who led us though this course period.
I would like to thank the Project Manager at GO CLUELESS LLP Mr Prajwal Deshmukh
for giving me the opportunity to do an internship within the organization. I also would like
all the people that worked along with me in GO CLUELESS LLP with their patience and
openness they created an enjoyable working environment
Bearing in mind previous We are using this opportunity to express our deepest gratitude and
special thanks to the Mohini Mehta, who in spite of being extraordinarily busy with his
duties, took time out to hear, guide and keep us on the correct path and allowing us to carry
out our project at their esteemed organization and extending during the course.
Sincerely.
PRANAY ALONE
(10303320181137210015)
IV
Abstract
Web development is the work involved in developing a website for the Internet (World Wide
Web) or an intranet (a private network).Web development can range from developing a
simple single static page of plain text to complex web applications, electronic businesses, and
social network services. A more comprehensive list of tasks to which Web development
commonly refers, may include Web engineering, Web design, Web content development,
client liaison, client-side/server-side scripting, Web server and network security
configuration, and e-commerce development.
Among Web professionals, "Web development" usually refers to the main non-design aspects
of building Web sites: writing markup and coding. Web development may use content
management systems (CMS) to make content changes easier and available with basic
technical skills.
For larger organizations and businesses, Web development teams can consist of hundreds of
people (Web developers) and follow standard methods like Agile methodologies while
developing Web sites. Smaller organizations may only require a single permanent or
contracting developer, or secondary assignment to related job positions such as a graphic
designer or information systems technician. Web development may be a collaborative effort
between departments rather than the domain of a designated department. There are three
kinds of Web developer specialization: front-end developer, back-end developer, and fullstack developer.[3] Front-end developers are responsible for behaviour and visuals that run in
the user browser, while back-end developers deal with the servers. Since the
commercialization of the Web with Tim Berners-Lee developing the World Wide Web at
CERN, the industry has boomed and has become one of the most used technologies ever.
V
“Title of Report”
Learning Objectives/Internship Objectives
➢ Internships are generally thought of to be reserved for college students looking to gain
experience in a particular field. However, a wide array of people can benefit from Training
Internships in order to receive real world experience and develop their skills.
➢ An objective for this position should emphasize the skills you already possess in the area
and your interest in learning more
➢ Internships are utilized in a number of different career fields, including architecture,
engineering, healthcare, economics, advertising and many more.
➢ Some internships are used to allow individuals to perform scientific research while others
are specifically designed to allow people to gain first-hand experience working.
➢ Utilizing internships is a great way to build your resume and develop skills that can be
emphasized in your resume for future jobs. When you are applying for a Training Internship,
make sure to highlight any special skills or talents that can make you stand apart from the rest
of the applicants so that you have an improved chance of landing the position
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DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lonere-Raigad (402103)
“Title of Report”
About the company
Founded in 2020, GO CLUELESS is a lifestyle fashion brand that makes creative and topnotch apparel for trendy, contemporary Indians. GO CLUELESS was launched on the
principle of creating impact through innovation, honesty, and thoughtfulness. It has become
one of the most sought-after fashion brands of this generation. The lifestyle brand has created
a new niche in the fashion and apparel market with its innovative and interesting, ideas and
captivating catalogue.
GO CLUELESS is hands down amazing when it comes to creating light-hearted, fun, and
quirky everyday outfits and other products (like mobile covers). GO CLUELESS quotes are
some of the most intriguing things that the company offers along with its merchandise.
Furthermore, the GO CLUELESS shirts and t shirts and other GO CLUELESS products are
available at pocket-friendly prices. Moreover, its unique name is enough to turn heads.
GO CLUELESS, which sells apparel and mobile phone covers, is better known for creating
head-turning catalogues like its ‘Anime’ collection of t-shirts for college students with
messages like ‘Wake Up to Reality; the collection was a big hit and was tagged as 'bestseller' by the company. GO CLUELESS primarily caters to the age group of 16-34 years.
Prajwal Deshmukh and Bhushan Wadate, the founders of Go Clueless, were sitting outside
their campus and brainstorming on possible ideas for their venture. The idea of t-shirt
printing was finalized as it resonated with their mission of bringing the humor factor into the
lives of college students.
Prajwal and Bhushan began researching the latest youth trends and lifestyles. They started
designing quotes that would then be printed on t-shirts. And that’s how Go Clueless came
into existence. Back in 2020 when Prajwal Deshmukh and Bhushan Wadate were searching
for a domain name for their newly started t-shirt printing business, they came across
goclueless.in and purchased it immediately.
It so happened that the month of April was about to start and April Fool’s day was around the
corner. The name GOCLUELESS is humorous, witty, and sits well with the youth.
GOCLUELESS and April Fool's day went hand in hand and the decision to purchase the
domain name made complete sense.
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DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lonere-Raigad (402103)
“Title of Report”
INTRODCTION TO WEB DEVELOPMENT
Web development is the work involved in developing a website for the Internet (World Wide
Web) or an intranet (a private network). Web development can range from developing a
simple single static page of plain text to complex web applications, electronic businesses, and
social network services. A more comprehensive list of tasks to which Web development
commonly refers, may include Web engineering, Web design, Web content development,
client liaison, client-side/server-side scripting, Web server and network security
configuration, and e-commerce development.
Among Web professionals, "Web development" usually refers to the main non-design
aspects of building Web sites: writing markup and coding. Web development may use
content management systems (CMS) to make content changes easier and available with basic
technical skills.
For larger organizations and businesses, Web development teams can consist of hundreds of
people (Web developers) and follow standard methods like Agile methodologies while
developing Web sites. Smaller organizations may only require a single permanent or
contracting developer, or secondary assignment to related job positions such as a graphic
designer or information systems technician. Web development may be a collaborative effort
between departments rather than the domain of a designated department. There are three
kinds of Web developer specialization: front-end developer, back-end developer, and fullstack developer.[3] Front-end developers are responsible for behavior and visuals that run in
the user browser, while back-end developers deal with the servers. Since the
commercialization of the Web with Tim Berners-Lee[4] developing the World Wide Web at
CERN, the industry has boomed and has become one of the most used technologies ever.
3
DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lonere-Raigad (402103)
“Title of Report”
HISTORY
The rise of the internet within mainstream culture is largely correlated with its history as a
visual medium. Like many other computer systems and applications, it took a graphic
interface to get the general population to start to understand the internet’s potential. The
personal computer would not have proliferated throughout our households and work
environments without the display monitor, and still did not become widely used until
electronic spreadsheets, word processors and video games started attracting users. Similarly,
users did not start buying into the World Wide Web until the visual-oriented web browser
started coming into its own in the early 1990s. And since that time, even though there have
been dramatic improvements in web technology and aesthetics, some of the earliest web
design techniques have persevered throughout the years.
THE OLD WEB
The idea of the internet had existed in some form for at least a half a century before it finally
became a common household utility in the 1990s. Conceived in the 1980s, the World Wide
Web gained significant traction with the introduction of the Mosaic browser in 1993. Shortly
thereafter, businesses began recognizing the web’s commercial potential, as network
infrastructure grew to accommodate what would prove to be a massive influx of online
activity. Then the tech bubble grew and burst, the survivors of which (Google, Amazon and
the like) went from being key tech influencers to veritable corporate giants within about a
decade.
In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee (then a fellow at the CERN Laboratory in Europe) outlined his
concept of a computer platform that could facilitate collaboration among researchers who are
based in different parts of the world. This led to the invention of the Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML) in 1990. Strongly based on the Standard Generalized Markup Language
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DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lonere-Raigad (402103)
“Title of Report”
(SGML), HTML became the fundamental building block of the World Wide Web, and
remains at the core of its coding and infrastructure. The standard enabled coders with the
ability to organize web page layouts that could be understood and interacted with over
interconnected networks. (For more on the development of the web, see The 6 Programming
Languages That Built the Internet.)
ADVERTISEMENT
The internet had long been around in some form by that point, with the first wide area
network (WAN) having been established in 1965 and the first local area network (LAN)
around 1983. Twisted-pair, coaxial and fiber optic cable had been in development for many
decades, and had already been broadly applied in the field of telecommunications. But when
all of these technologies converged with Berners-Lee’s model, the modern web was born.
Interest in the technology quickly ramped up, and the first commercial web pages were up
and running by the mid-1990s.
Prior to the Mosaic browser, much of the web’s presentation consisted of text and tables.
Although not the first browser, Mosaic innovated the format by displaying text together with
images in a way that defined a path for the future of web design, and served as the World
Wide Web’s killer app. Experiments ensued in the form and function of web page elements.
From menu hierarchies to fonts to color schemes, web design grew into an art form that
blended tech savvy with aesthetic sensitivity.
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DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lonere-Raigad (402103)
“Title of Report”
THE TURN OF THE CENTURY
The web advanced a great deal in the years following the tech crash of 2000–2001. During
this time, government started to play an increasingly influential role in the web, while
concurrently, strong tech companies emerged from the ashes of the big collapse to set the
new course for digital commerce and culture. And as this newer and more solid foundation
was laid, the internet increasingly became the main channel for telecommunications in the
modern age.
As hardware improvements cultivated broader networks and greater bandwidth, web
development responded by enabling designers with an array of multimedia to incorporate
into the growing and diversifying art of web presentation. Cascading Style Sheets afforded
web design with new ways to organize and display content. Flash video forged a new and
entirely unique style of web art and animation, and video streaming changed the way that
people consume motion picture for good. Yet still, with all of these revolutions and
progressions in web development – the basic interface and structure of the web page has
maintained its integrity and balance of form and function.
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DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lonere-Raigad (402103)
“Title of Report”
BASIC STRUCTURE OF WEB DEVELOPMENT
•
•
•
FRONT END TECHNOLOGY
BACKEND TECHNOLOGY
DATABASE TECHNOLOGY
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DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lonere-Raigad (402103)
“Title of Report”
FRONT END TECHNOLOGY
Front-end web development, also known as client-side development is the practice of
producing HTML, CSS and JavaScript for a website or Web Application so that a user can
see and interact with them directly. The challenge associated with front end development is
that the tools and techniques used to create the front end of a website change constantly and
so the developer needs to constantly be aware of how the field is developing.
The objective of designing a site is to ensure that when the users open up the site they see the
information in a format that is easy to read and relevant. This is further complicated by the
fact that users now use a large variety of devices with varying screen sizes and resolutions
thus forcing the designer to take into consideration these aspects when designing the site.
They need to ensure that their site comes up correctly in different browsers (cross-browser),
different operating systems (cross-platform) and different devices (cross-device), which
requires careful planning on the side of the developer.
HTML, CSS AND JAVASCRIPT
A front-end developer architects and develops websites and applications using web
technologies (i.e., HTML, CSS, DOM,BOOTSTRAP and JavaScript), which run on the Open
Web Platform or act as compilation input for non-web platform environments (i.e., React
Native).
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DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lonere-Raigad (402103)
“Title of Report”
FIG 1: WORKING OF WEBSITE
Typically, a person enters into the field of front-end development by learning to develop
HTML, CSS, and JavaScript which commonly runs in a web browser but can also run in a
headless browser, WebView, or as compilation input for a native runtime environment. These
four run times scenarios are explained below.
HTML
In 1980, physicist Tim Berners-Lee, a contractor at CERN, proposed and prototyped
ENQUIRE, a system for CERN researchers to use and share documents. In 1989, BernersLee wrote a memo proposing an Internet-based hypertext system. Berners-Lee specified
HTML and wrote the browser and server software in late 1990. That year, Berners-Lee and
CERN data systems engineer Robert Caillou collaborated on a joint request for funding, but
the project was not formally adopted by CERN. In his personal notes from 1990 he listed
some of the many areas in which hypertext is used and put an encyclopaedia first.
The first publicly available description of HTML was a document called "HTML Tags", first
mentioned on the Internet by Tim Berners-Lee in late 1991. It describes 18 elements
comprising the initial, relatively simple design of HTML. Except for the hyperlink tag, these
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DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lonere-Raigad (402103)
“Title of Report”
were strongly influenced by SGMLguid, an in-house Standard Generalized Markup
Language (SGML)-based documentation format at CERN. Eleven of these elements still
exist in HTML 4.
HTML is a markup language that web browsers use to interpret and compose text, images,
and other material into visual or audible web pages. Default characteristics for every item of
HTML markup are defined in the browser, and these characteristics can be altered or
enhanced by the web page designer's additional use of CSS. Many of the text elements are
found in the 1988 ISO technical report TR 9537 Techniques for using SGML, which in turn
covers the features of early text formatting languages such as that used by the RUNOFF
command developed in the early 1960s for the CTSS (Compatible Time-Sharing System)
operating system: these formatting commands were derived from the commands used by
typesetters to manually format documents. However, the SGML concept of generalized
markup is based on elements (nested annotated ranges with attributes) rather than merely
print effects, with also the separation of structure and markup; HTML has been progressively
moved in this direction with CSS.
Berners-Lee considered HTML to be an application of SGML. It was formally defined as
such by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) with the mid-1993 publication of the
first proposal for an HTML specification, the "Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)"
Internet Draft by Berners-Lee and Dan Connolly, which included an SGML Document type
definition to define the grammar.[9][10] The draft expired after six months, but was notable
for its acknowledgment of the NCSA Mosaic browser's custom tag for embedding in-line
images, reflecting the IETF's philosophy of basing standards on successful prototypes.
Similarly, Dave Raggett's competing Internet-Draft, "HTML+ (Hypertext Markup Format)",
from late 1993, suggested standardizing already-implemented features like tables and fill-out
forms.
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DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lonere-Raigad (402103)
“Title of Report”
After the HTML and HTML+ drafts expired in early 1994, the IETF created an HTML
Working Group, which in 1995 completed "HTML 2.0", the first HTML specification
intended to be treated as a standard against which future implementations should be based.
Further development under the auspices of the IETF was stalled by competing interests. Since
1996, the HTML specifications have been maintained, with input from commercial software
vendors, by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). However, in 2000, HTML also
became an international standard (ISO/IEC 15445:2000). HTML 4.01 was published in late
1999, with further errata published through 2001. In 2004, development began on HTML5 in
the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG), which became a
joint deliverable with the W3C in 2008, and completed and standardized on 28 October 2014.
CSS
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of
a document written in a markup language such as HTML or XML (including XML dialects
such as SVG, MathML or XHTML). CSS is a cornerstone technology of the World Wide
Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript.
CSS is designed to enable the separation of presentation and content, including layout, colors,
and fonts. This separation can improve content accessibility; provide more flexibility and
control in the specification of presentation characteristics; enable multiple web pages to share
formatting by specifying the relevant CSS in a separate .css file, which reduces complexity
and repetition in the structural content; and enable the .css file to be cached to improve the
page load speed between the pages that share the file and its formatting.
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DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lonere-Raigad (402103)
“Title of Report”
Separation of formatting and content also makes it feasible to present the same markup page
in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (via
speech-based browser or screen reader), and on Braille-based tactile devices. CSS also has
rules for alternate formatting if the content is accessed on a mobile device.
The name cascading comes from the specified priority scheme to determine which style rule
applies if more than one rule matches a particular element. This cascading priority scheme is
predictable.
The CSS specifications are maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Internet
media type (MIME type) text/css is registered for use with CSS by RFC 2318 (March 1998).
The W3C operates a free CSS validation service for CSS documents.
In addition to HTML, other markup languages support the use of CSS including XHTML,
plain XML, SVG, and XUL.
JAVASCRIPT
JavaScript (ECMASCRIPT), often abbreviated JS, is a programming language that is one of
the core technologies of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS. As of 2022, 98%
of websites use JavaScript on the client side for web page behavior, often incorporating thirdparty libraries. All major web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine to execute the
code on users' devices.
JavaScript is a high-level, often just-in-time compiled language that conforms to the
ECMAScript standard. It has dynamic typing, prototype-based object-orientation, and firstclass functions. It is multi-paradigm, supporting event-driven, functional, and imperative
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DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lonere-Raigad (402103)
“Title of Report”
programming styles. It has application programming interfaces (APIs) for working with text,
dates, regular expressions, standard data structures, and the Document Object Model (DOM).
The ECMAScript standard does not include any input/output (I/O), such as networking,
storage, or graphics facilities. In practice, the web browser or other runtime system provides
JavaScript APIs for I/O.
JavaScript engines were originally used only in web browsers, but are now core components
of some servers and a variety of applications. The most popular runtime system for this usage
is Node.js.
Although Java and JavaScript are similar in name, syntax, and respective standard libraries,
the two languages are distinct and differ greatly in design.
BOOTSTRAP
Bootstrap is an HTML, CSS & JS Library that focuses on simplifying the development of
informative web pages (as opposed to web apps). The primary purpose of adding it to a web
project is to apply Bootstrap's choices of color, size, font and layout to that project. As such,
the primary factor is whether the developers in charge find those choices to their liking. Once
added to a project, Bootstrap provides basic style definitions for all HTML elements. The
result is a uniform appearance for prose, tables and form elements across web browsers. In
addition, developers can take advantage of CSS classes defined in Bootstrap to further
customize the appearance of their contents. For example, Bootstrap has provisioned for lightand dark-colored tables, page headings, more prominent pull quotes, and text with a
highlight.
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DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lonere-Raigad (402103)
“Title of Report”
Bootstrap also comes with several JavaScript components which do not require other libraries
like jQuery. They provide additional user interface elements such as dialog boxes, tooltips,
progress bars, navigation drop-downs, and carousels. Each Bootstrap component consists of
an HTML structure, CSS declarations, and in some cases accompanying JavaScript code.
They also extend the functionality of some existing interface elements, including for example
an auto-complete function for input fields.
Example of a webpage using Bootstrap framework
Example of a webpage using Bootstrap framework rendered in Firefox
The most prominent components of Bootstrap are its layout components, as they affect an
entire web page. The basic layout component is called "Container", as every other element in
the page is placed in it. Developers can choose between a fixed-width container and a fluidwidth container. While the latter always fills the width of the web page, the former uses one
of the five predefined fixed widths, depending on the size of the screen showing the page:
Smaller than 576 pixels
576–768 pixels
768–992 pixels
992–1200 pixels
Larger than 1200 pixels
Once a container is in place, other Bootstrap layout components implement a CSS Flexbox
layout through defining rows and columns.
A precompiled version of Bootstrap is available in the form of one CSS file and three
JavaScript files that can be readily added to any project. The raw form of Bootstrap, however,
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DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lonere-Raigad (402103)
“Title of Report”
enables developers to implement further customization and size optimizations. This raw form
is modular, meaning that the developer can remove unneeded components, apply a theme and
modify the uncompiled Sass files.
REACT JS
React (also known as React.js or ReactJS) is a free and open-source front-end JavaScript
library for building user interfaces based on UI components. It is maintained by Meta
(formerly Facebook) and a community of individual developers and companies. React can be
used as a base in the development of single-page, mobile, or server-rendered applications
with frameworks like Next.js. However, React is only concerned with state management and
rendering that state to the DOM, so creating React applications usually requires the use of
additional libraries for routing, as well as certain client-side functionality.
BACKEND TECHNOLOGY
Back-end development means working on server-side software, which focuses on everything
you can’t see on a website. Back-end developers ensure the website performs correctly,
focusing on databases, back-end logic, application programming interface (APIs),
architecture, and servers. They use code that helps browsers communicate with databases,
store, understand, and delete data.
On a team, back-end developers collaborate with front-end developers, product managers,
principal architects, and website testers to build the structure of a website or mobile app.
Back-end developers must be familiar with many kinds of tools and frameworks, including
languages such as Python, Java, and Ruby. They make sure the back-end performs quickly
and responsively to front-end user requests.
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DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lonere-Raigad (402103)
“Title of Report”
What tools do back-end developers use?
Web developers use a variety of tools to develop, test, and maintain web applications. Some
common tools for back-end developers include:
Programming languages:
•
Python
•
PHP
•
JavaScript
•
Ruby
•
Java
•
C#
•
Frameworks:
•
Laravel
•
Django
•
Spring
•
Ruby on Rails
•
Meteor
•
Node.js
DATABASE SERVERS:
•
Apache
•
NGINX
•
Lighttpd
•
Microsoft IIS
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DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lonere-Raigad (402103)
“Title of Report”
DJANGO
Django (/ˈdʒæŋɡoʊ/ JANG-goh; sometimes stylized as django) is a free and open-source,
Python-based web framework that follows the model–template–views (MTV) architectural
pattern.It is maintained by the Django Software Foundation (DSF), an independent
organization established in the US as a 501(c)(3) non-profit.
Django's primary goal is to ease the creation of complex, database-driven websites. The
framework emphasizes reusability and "pluggability" of components, less code, low
coupling, rapid development, and the principle of don't repeat yourself. Python is used
throughout, even for settings, files, and data models. Django also provides an optional
administrative create, read, update and delete interface that is generated dynamically through
introspection and configured via admin models.
Some well-known sites that use Django include Instagram, Mozilla,Disqus,
Bitbucket,Nextdoor and Clubhouse.
Django was created in the fall of 2003, when the web programmers at the Lawrence JournalWorld newspaper, Adrian Holovaty and Simon Willison, began using Python to build
applications. Jacob Kaplan-Moss was hired early in Django's development shortly before
Simon Willison's internship ended. It was released publicly under a BSD license in July
2005. The framework was named after guitarist Django Reinhardt.Adrian Holovaty is a
Romani jazz guitar player and a big fan of Django Reinhardt.[citation needed]
In June 2008, it was announced that a newly formed Django Software Foundation (DSF)
would maintain Django in the future.
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DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lonere-Raigad (402103)
“Title of Report”
NODE.JS
Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform, back-end JavaScript runtime environment that
runs on the V8 engine and executes JavaScript code outside a web browser, which was
designed to build scalable network applications. Node.js lets developers use JavaScript to
write command line tools and for server-side scripting—running scripts server-side to
produce dynamic web page content before the page is sent to the user's web browser.
Consequently, Node.js represents a "JavaScript everywhere" paradigm, unifying webapplication development around a single programming language, rather than different
languages for server-side and client-side scripts.
Node.js has an event-driven architecture capable of asynchronous I/O. These design choices
aim to optimize throughput and scalability in web applications with many input/output
operations, as well as for real-time Web applications (e.g., real-time communication
programs and browser games).
The Node.js distributed development project was previously governed by the Node.js
Foundation,[8] and has now merged with the JS Foundation to form the OpenJS Foundation,
which is facilitated by the Linux Foundation's Collaborative Projects program.
Node.js was written initially by Ryan Dahl in 2009, about thirteen years after the introduction
of the first server-side JavaScript environment, Netscape's LiveWire Pro Web.The initial
release supported only Linux and Mac OS X. Its development and maintenance was led by
Dahl and later sponsored by Joyent.
Dahl criticized the limited possibilities of the most popular web server in 2009, Apache
HTTP Server, to handle a lot of concurrent connections (up to 10,000 and more) and the most
common way of creating code (sequential programming), when code either blocked the entire
process or implied multiple execution stacks in the case of simultaneous connections.
18
DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lonere-Raigad (402103)
“Title of Report”
Dahl demonstrated the project at the inaugural European JSConf on November 8, 2009.
Node.js combined Google's V8 JavaScript engine, an event loop, and a low-level I/O API.
In January 2010, a package manager was introduced for the Node.js environment called npm.
The package manager makes it easier for programmers to publish and share source code of
Node.js packages and is designed to simplify installation, updating, and uninstallation of
packages.[
In June 2011, Microsoft and Joyent implemented a native Windows version of Node.js.The
first Node.js build supporting Windows was released in July 2011.
In January 2012, Dahl stepped aside, promoting coworker and npm creator Isaac Schlueter to
manage the project. In January 2014, Schlueter announced that Timothy J. Fontaine would
lead the project.
In December 2014, Fedor Indutny started io.js, a fork of Node.js. Due to the internal conflict
over Joyent's governance, io.js was created as an open governance alternative with a separate
technical committee. Unlike Node.js,[38] the authors planned to keep io.js up-to-date with
the latest releases of the Google V8 JavaScript engine.
In February 2015, the intent to form a neutral Node.js Foundation was announced. By June
2015, the Node.js and io.js communities voted to work together under the Node.js
Foundation.
In September 2015, Node.js v0.12 and io.js v3.3 were merged back together into Node v4.0.
This merge brought V8 ES6 features into Node.js and a long-term support release cycle.As of
2016, the io.js website recommends that developers switch back to Node.js and that no
further releases of io.js are planned due to the merge.
In February 2016, Node.js 0.10.42 is released and in May 2022 Node.js version is Node.js
18.2.0 is also released.
19
DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lonere-Raigad (402103)
“Title of Report”
DATABASE
MYSQL
MySQL (/ˌmaɪˌɛsˌkjuːˈɛl/)[5] is an open-source relational database management system
(RDBMS). Its name is a combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's
daughter, and "SQL", the abbreviation for Structured Query Language. A relational database
organizes data into one or more data tables in which data may be related to each other; these
relations help structure the data. SQL is a language programmers use to create, modify and
extract data from the relational database, as well as control user access to the database. In
addition to relational databases and SQL, an RDBMS like MySQL works with an operating
system to implement a relational database in a computer's storage system, manages users,
allows for network access and facilitates testing database integrity and creation of backups.
MySQL is free and open-source software under the terms of the GNU General Public
License, and is also available under a variety of proprietary licenses. MySQL was owned and
sponsored by the Swedish company MySQL AB, which was bought by Sun Microsystems
(now Oracle Corporation).[8] In 2010, when Oracle acquired Sun, Widenius forked the opensource MySQL project to create MariaDB.
MySQL has stand-alone clients that allow users to interact directly with a MySQL database
using SQL, but more often, MySQL is used with other programs to implement applications
that need relational database capability. MySQL is a component of the LAMP web
application software stack (and others), which is an acronym for Linux, Apache, MySQL,
Perl/PHP/Python. MySQL is used by many database-driven web applications, including
Drupal, Joomla, phpBB, and WordPress. MySQL is also used by many popular websites,
including Facebook, Flickr,MediaWiki, Twitter, and YouTube.
20
DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lonere-Raigad (402103)
“Title of Report”
MySQL was created by a Swedish company, MySQL AB, founded by Swedes David
Axmark, Allan Larsson and Finland Swede Michael "Monty" Widenius. Original
development of MySQL by Widenius and Axmark began in 1994. The first version of
MySQL appeared on 23 May 1995. It was initially created for personal usage from mSQL
based on the low-level language ISAM, which the creators considered too slow and
inflexible. They created a new SQL interface, while keeping the same API as mSQL. By
keeping the API consistent with the mSQL system, many developers were able to use
MySQL instead of the (proprietarily licensed) mSQL antecedent.
21
DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lonere-Raigad (402103)
“Title of Report”
PROJECTS
1)My personal Website(Front-End)
2)Tindog Website(Front-End)
3)Todo List Application Using Javascript
4)Stopwatch Time using Javascript
22
DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lonere-Raigad (402103)