NURS 381 Final Exam Review
Leadership
● Types of Leadership Styles
o Autocratic
▪ “The Manager of the flu clinic at the public health department is not open to
suggestions and gives orders on how to carry out community clinics.”
o Transactional
▪ “The director of acute care requests monthly reports detailing the number of
successful IV insertions on the first try. A 90% success rate will result in bonuses
for the staff.”
o Laissez-Faire
▪ “Your manager in the pediatric unit rarely speaks to employees but seems to
step in when a crisis occurs”
o Democratic
▪ “The VP of patient care services has invited you to a forum to share your
recommendations on developing a new central line insertion protocol for your
unit”
o Transformational
▪ “At the monthly department meeting, your director at the community health
clinic shared his / her vision for what an effective and efficient program might
look like 3 years from now.”
● Social Power
o Coercive
▪ “Your manager has decided that all of the office personnel will all lose lunch
hour privileges if one more person abuses the time allotted for breaks.:
o Legitimate
▪ “The department director for the STD clinic has asked you to take call for one
day because she / he covered for your position last week when you were out
sick”
o Referent
▪ “You identify with your manager and aspire to be like him / her. You decide that
you would like to develop into the same type of leader.”
o Reward
▪ “An outside consulting firm has been brought in by your manager to measure
compliance with expectations and your annual raise depends on their
evaluation.”
o Expert
▪ “Your new manger has years of experience performing and researching the
procedure being proposed for your unit.”
o Informational
▪ “The Unit manager leaves a posting in the break room with suggestions on how
to approach family members who continue to violate visiting guidelines and
states to come to him / her with additional suggestions”
● Communication in Leadership
o Remember : Listening is critically important to be effective
● Building Community Partnerships
o Remember : Listen and Collaborate
●
Motivational Work Place
o Provide Feedback for improving capacities and achieving goals
Patient Care Management
●
Legal and Regulatory Standards
● What are the Scope and Standards of Nursing
o They describe a competent level of care
o Provide Direction Concerning Expected Performance and Professional Behavior
o Explain the profession to other health care providers, legislators, policy makers,
employers, insurers, funding organizations, and consumers
o Provide the Underpinnings of legal regulation
● Negligence
o The 4 Elements required for Negligence
▪ ———————————
● Vicarious Liability
● Licensing v Certification
o Licensure
▪ Issued and enforced by the State Board of Nursing
▪ Required in order to practice in the state
▪ Requires a minimum of knowledge to be safe
▪ Guided by nursing scope and standards of practice
o Certification
▪ Denotes expertise in a specialty area
▪ May be optional for practice
▪ Conferred by a national organization (ANA)
▪ On-going education and experience in specialty must be demonstrated for
renewal
● Federal Laws
o Social Security Act of 1965 (Medicare / Medicaid)
▪ Established reimbursement based on diagnostic related groups and created a
form of health insurance for those who did not have jobs to provide insurance
o COBRA 1986
▪ Included a provision that a hospital receiving Medicare funds must provide
treatment to any patient presenting themselves to the ER
o Patient Self-Determination Act of 1991
▪ Requires that all healthcare organizations participating in Medicare offer
information regarding Advanced Directives and place this information in the
patient record
o Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)
▪ Introduced broad provisions for privacy requirements across all healthcare
businesses and agencies
o Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010
▪ Enables Americans with pre-existing conditions to more easily enroll in and
afford health insurance
● True or False Questions
o The State Board of Nursing is responsible for licensing all nurses before they can practice
in the state of Michigan
▪ True
o
Immunization schedules are dictated by federal laws
▪ False (State)
o Child Abuse and Elder Abuse are required to be reported by social workers, school
employees, and nurses in the state of Michigan
▪ True
o An employer is never liable for the acts of their employees
▪ False (They have Vicarious Liability)
Diversity, Culture, and Spirituality
● Stereotypes V Generalizations
● Race, Ethnicity, Ancestry
● Ethnocentric is
● Cultural Diversity
o USA, Michigan, & Main Groups
● Dr. Madeline Leininger
o Who is she?
o What did she do?
o Developed Ethnonursing Qualitative Research Method
o Developed TransCultural Nursing and Cultural Care Theory
● Cultural Competence
o Definition & What it is
● Cultural Practices Universalities and Diversities between different cultures
● 5 Steps
o Cultural Desire
o Cultural Awareness
o Cultural Knowledge
o Cultural Skill
o Cultural Encounters
● Leiningers 3 Modes of Culture Care
o Preservation / Maitenance
▪ Keep practices & beliefs
o Accommodation or Negotiation
▪ Consider Possibility to Modify
o Repatterning or Restructuring
▪ Discontinue Practice
● Spirituality
o Definitions of
▪ Faith
▪ Religion
▪ Spirituality
o Major World Religions + Major USA Religions
o Attributes of Spirituality
o General Info on conducting a spiritual assessment
o Why nurses neglect spiritual care
Clinical Reasoning and Informatics
● Definition
o LOOK IN POWER POINT FOR MATCHING SLIDES
o EMR v HER
o Meaningful Use Criteria
o
▪ Why is it?
▪ Main Criteria?
Dates
▪ HER promoted & Funded by US Dept HHS and CMS