ACECC Workshop on Harmonization of Design Codes in the Asian Region Taipei, November 4, 2006 Status of Design Codes in Taiwan Yao-Wen Chang Senior Structural Engineer Sinotech Engineering Consultants, Ltd 1 General LAWS • Drafted by government agencies • Enacted by legislative body DESIGN CODES Regulations Specifications Guides Established and issued by competent authority of government 2 Establishment of Codes • Initiated by competent authority. • Drafted by relevant engineering societies. • Reviewed by special panels comprised of specialists, professors and representatives of engineering organizations. • Approved and issued by competent government authority. 3 Establishment of Codes • For local natural conditions such as earthquake and wind effects, relevant requirements in design codes are based on local research. • International design codes (mainly USA and Japan) were referred： – Concrete ： ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete or AASHTO – Steel ： AISC Manual of Steel Construction or AASHTO – Bridges ： AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges 4 Revision of Codes • Design codes are revised as required based on latest research results and/or updated international codes. • Process of revision is similar to the establishment of codes. 5 Building Codes Building Technical Regulations (建築技術規則) Issued by Ministry of the Interior (MOI) Architecture Design & Construction Structure Design • General requirements • Loadings • Foundations • Masonry structures • Wood structures • Steel structures • Concrete structures • Steel reinforced concrete structures • Cold-formed steel structures Equipment Design 6 Building Codes Separate Volumes from Building Technical Regulations (issued by MOI) • Specifications for Seismic Design of Buildings (建築物耐震設計規範) • Specifications for Wind Resistance Design of Buildings (建築物耐風設計規範) • Specifications for Design and Construction of Wood Structures (木構造建築物設計及施工技術規範) • Specifications for Foundation Design of Buildings (建築物基礎構造設計規範) • Specifications for Design of Steel Buildings (鋼構造建築物鋼結構設計技術規範) • Specifications for Design of Structural Concrete (結構混凝土設計規範) • Specifications for Design of Steel Reinforced Concrete Structures (鋼骨鋼筋混凝土構造設計規範) • Specifications for Design of Cold-formed Steel Structures (冷軋型鋼構造建築物結構設計規範) 7 Highway Bridge Design Codes Issued by Ministry of Transportation & Communications (MOTC) • Specifications for Design of Highway Bridges (2001) Based on AASHTO code, but LRFD not yet adopted • General requirements • Loads and loading combinations • Foundations • Substructures • Reinforced concrete (ASD and LFD) • Prestressed concrete (ASD) • Steel (ASD and LFD) • Bearings • Specifications for Seismic Design of Highway Bridges(2000) 8 Other Highway Codes Issued by Ministry of Transportation & Communications (MOTC) • Specifications for Highway Geometry Design (公路路線設計規範) • Specifications for Highway Drainage Design (公路排水設計規範) • Specifications for Design of Highway Tunnels (公路隧道設計規範) • Specifications for Design of Flexible Pavement (柔性舖面設計規範) 9 Other Design Codes • Specifications for Design of Railway Bridges (MOTC) (鐵路橋梁設計規範) • Specifications for Seismic Design of Railway Bridges (MOTC) (鐵路橋梁耐震設計規範) • Design Guide for Harbor Structures (MOTC) (港灣構造物設計基準) • Design Standard of Urban Roads and Accessory Works (MOI) (市區道路及附屬工程設計標準) 10 Development of Bridge Seismic Codes In Taiwan 11 Development of Bridge Seismic Code 1960 Highway Bridge Design Specifications No seismic design guidance. Designers use earthquake coefficients recommended in the Engineer’s Manual published by Chinese Institute of Engineers. 12 Development of Bridge Seismic Code 1987 Highway Bridge Design Specifications Horizontal earthquake force calculated by coefficient method. Factors include earthquake zoning, site condition, importance and fundamental period adjustment. Based on 1980 Highway Bridge Code published by Japan Road Association. No special details required. 13 Development of Bridge Seismic Code 1995 Highway Bridge Seismic Design Specs Separate volume from Bridge Design Specs Based on Earthquake hazard analysis and spectrum study Seismic codes and research in US and Japan Small to moderate earthquakes Resisted in the elastic range No significant structural damage Large earthquakes (min 475-year return period) Avoid collapse of all or part of bridge Plastic response permitted Shear or brittle failure not allowed Special ductile details required Soil liquefaction evaluation 14 Development of Bridge Seismic Code 2000 Highway Bridge Seismic Design Specs Based on the lesson learned from Chi Chi earthquake (Sept. 21, 1999). Revisions Earthquake zoning Peak ground acceleration Response spectrum Vertical seismic force Falling prevention design 15 Development of Bridge Seismic Code 2002 Highway Bridge Seismic Design Specs (DRAFT) Major revisions New analysis method Earthquake micro-zoning Near fault effect Base isolation Not approved because of different opinions from review panel 16 THANK YOU 17
