PMD 300 RESEARCH PROCESS
THE LITERATURE REVIEW
MICHAEL M. FLORES, MBA
Learning Objectives
✓ Understand the literature,
addressing the general purpose and
use for using literature in the study;
✓ Evaluate the relevance of literature
through questions.
4 ASPECTS OF RRL (SAUNDERS AND PHILLIPS, 2018)
 Offers an overview of significant literature available in the chosen topic
 It includes relevant items such as academic articles, books, and other
sources.
 Provides a discussion and critical evaluation of related literature, the level
of details reflecting the significance of each item to the research questions.
 Develops a clear argument to contextualize and justify the research
PURPOSES (COOPER,1984; MARSHALL AND ROSSMAN, 2006)
➢Foundation for writing a scholarly
literature into a study
➢It shares with the reader the
results of other studies that are
closely related to the one being
undertaken.
PURPOSES (COOPER,1984; MARSHALL AND ROSSMAN, 2006)
➢ It relates a study to a larger, ongoing
dialogue in literature, filling in gaps and
extending prior studies.
➢ It provides a framework for establishing
the importance of the study as well as a
benchmark for comparing the results
with other findings.
THE USE OF LITERATURE IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH:
 Includes a substantial amount of literature at the beginning of a study to provide
direction from the research questions or hypothesis.
 It is used to introduce a problem or to describe in detail existing literature related to
the problem.
 It can introduce a theory- an explanation for expected relationships, describe the
theory that will be used and suggest why it is a useful theory to examine.
 The quantitative researcher uses the literature deductively as a framework for
research questions or hypotheses.
USING LITERATURE IN A QUALITATIVE STUDY ( CRESWELL, 2017)
May vary considerably, the table may be used as reference.
GENERAL SUGGESTIONS FOR USING LITERATURE IN PLANNING A
QUALITATIVE, QUANTITATIVE, AND MIXED METHODS IN RESEARCH
( CRESWELL, 2017)
 In qualitative study, use the literature sparingly to convey an
inductive design, unless it requires a substantial literature
orientation at the outset.
 Consider the most appropriate place for the literature in a
qualitative study, and base the decision on the audience of the
project.
THE USE OF LITERATURE IN MIXED METHOD STUDY:
 In a sequential approach, literature is presented in each phase in
a way consistent with method being used.
 Literature used in mixed method research will depend on the
strategy and the relative weight given to the qualitative or
quantitative research in the study.
GENERAL SUGGESTIONS FOR USING LITERATURE IN PLANNING A
QUALITATIVE, QUANTITATIVE, AND MIXED METHODS IN RESEARCH
( CRESWELL, 2017)
 Use the literature in a quantitative study deductively, as a basis
for advancing research questions and hypothesis.
 In mixed methods, use the literature in a way that is consistent
with the major type of strategy and the qualitative and
quantitative approach most prevalent in the design.
QUESTIONS TO EVALUATE THE RELEVANCE OF LITERATURE (WALLACE AND WRAY,2016)
 Is the item recent?
 Is the topic of the research similar to your own study?
 Is the context of the research similar to your own study?
 Is the item cited (referenced) in the other items you have also
found useful?
 Is the author cited (referenced) in other items you found useful?
 Does the author contradict or support the argument you will
make?
REFERENCES:
 Creswell J.W. and Poth, C.N. (2017). Qualitative Inquiry and research design: Choosing among five
approaches (4th ed)SAGE
 Saunders, M. and Lewis P( 2018) Doing research in business and management: an essential guide to
planning your project (2nd ed.) Pearson
 Wallace, M. and Wray, A. (2016). Critical reading and writing for postgraduates (3rd ed). SAGE
THANK YOU