Name: Caluttong, Evangeline V. I. Course,Yr. & Sec. BSENTREP, 1-13 Date: _Oct. 01, 2019 Directions: 1.1 Write A if the first statement is true. B if the second statement is true. C if both A and B are true. D if both A and B are false. 1.2 Justify your answer. If either the first or the second statement or both of these statements are false, underline the word that made the statement/s false then write the correct word to make it true. (2pts) ____C___ 1. A. Coral reefs grow only in waters with fairly stable salinity. B. Periphytons are free-floating, microscopic, chlorophyll-containing organisms found in the ocean. ___ A___ 2. A. The shallowest waters along the lake shore, where rooted aquatic plants may grow, is called the limnetic zone. B. The wetland at the edge of an estuary or ocean, where water meets the land, is called the pelagic zone. Intertidal Zone ____C___ 3. A. Diatoms, green algae, and dinoflagellates belongs to zooplanktons. B. The pelagic zone supports communities dominated by highly motile animals such as fishes, squids and marine mammals. ____C___ 4. A. Intertidal zones vary from the mudflats and salt marshes of estuaries to wave-splashed rocky or sandy beaches. B. The photic zone is a relatively small portion of ocean water and bottom into which light penetrates and in which photosynthesis occurs. ____B___ 5. A. Well-mixed lakes of low biological production, which are called euthrophic, are nearly always oxygenated. Eutrophic B. Purse seining is done when the net is dragged over the seabed by two long warps extending from the towing vessels. ____A___ 6. A. Depending on the depth and light penetration, the benthic community consists of attached algae, fungi, bacteria, sponges, burrowing worms, clams and crabs. B. During warm season, below the thermocline are the cold dark waters of the epilimnion. Hypolimion This study source was downloaded by 100000824559107 from CourseHero.com on 07-03-2022 06:54:10 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/74207756/CaluttongEvangelineV-AssignmentNo3docx/ ____B___ 7. A. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the nutrients that usually limit the amount of neustons growth in a lake or pond. Neutrons B. At the great depths of the ocean is the pelagic zone wherein organisms rely on a continous rain of organic matter from the euphotic zone. ____B___ 8. A. Lake Superior is the seventh largest and the deepest lake in the world. Lake Baikal B. In lentic systems, most of the photosyntheis is done by plants attached to the substrate. ____A___ 9. A. Lentic ecosystem exhibits vertical gradients in light, temperature and dissolved gases. B. Planktons serves as primary, secondary and tertiary consumers in the aquatic ecosystem. Tertiary ____B___ 10. A. Photosynthetic bacteria live near the hydrothermal vents due to large amounts of hydrogen sulfide. Chemosynthetic B. The prop roots of red mangroves provide a complex habitat for a high diversity of marine fish and invertebrates. II. 1. Answer the following questions: (5pts each item) Explain the transformation of corral reefs from fringing, to barrier and finally to atoll reef. Coral reefs begin to form when free-swimming coral larvae attach to submerged rocks or other hard surfaces along the edges of islands or continents. Fringing reefs, which are the most common, project seaward directly from the shore, forming borders along the shoreline and surrounding islands. Barrier reefs also border shorelines, but at a greater distance. They are separated from their adjacent land mass by a lagoon of open, often deep water. If a fringing reef forms around a volcanic island that subsides completely below sea level while the coral continues to grow upward, an atoll forms. Atolls are usually circular or oval, with a central lagoon. Parts of the reef platform may emerge as one or more islands, and gaps in the reef provide access to the central lagoon. 2. Differentiate authocthonous and allochthonous energy sources. Allochthonous is buried or found in a place remote from the site of formation while autochthonous is buried in place, especially of a fossil preserved in its life position without disturbance or disarticulation. As adjectives the difference between allochthonous and autochthonous is that allochthonous is originating in a place other than where it is found while autochthonous is native to the place where found; indigenous. 3. Describe the five groups of organisms found in any aquatic ecosystem. Lotic Ecosystems- They mainly refer to the rapidly flowing waters that move in a unidirectional way including the rivers and streams. These environments harbor numerous species of insects such as beetles, mayflies, stoneflies and several species of fishes including trout, eel, minnow, etc. Apart from This study source was downloaded by 100000824559107 from CourseHero.com on 07-03-2022 06:54:10 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/74207756/CaluttongEvangelineV-AssignmentNo3docx/ these aquatic species, these ecosystems also include various mammals such as beavers, river dolphins and otters. Lentic Ecosystems- They include all standing water habitats. Lakes and ponds are the main examples of Lentic Ecosystem. The word lentic mainly refers to stationary or relatively still water. These ecosystems are home to algae, crabs, shrimps, amphibians such as frogs and salamanders, for both rooted and floating-leaved plants and reptiles including alligators and other water snakes are also found here. Wetlands - Wetlands are marshy areas and are sometimes covered in water which has a wide diversity of plants and animals. Swamps, marshes, bogs, black spruce and water lilies are some examples in the plant species found in the wetlands. The animal life of this ecosystem consists of dragonflies and damselflies, birds such as Green Heron and fishes such as Northern Pike. Ocean Ecosystems - Our planet earth is gifted with the five major oceans, namely Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and the Atlantic Ocean. Among all these five oceans, the Pacific and the Atlantic are the largest and deepest ocean. These oceans serve as a home to more than five lakh aquatic species. Few creatures of these ecosystems include shellfish, shark, tube worms, crab small and large ocean fishes, turtles, crustaceans, blue whale, reptiles, marine mammals, seabirds, plankton, corals and other ocean plants. Coastal Systems - They are the open systems of land and water which are joined together to form the coastal ecosystems. The coastal ecosystems have a different structure, and diversity. A wide variety of species of aquatic plants and algae are found at the bottom of the coastal ecosystem. The fauna is diverse and it mainly consists of crabs, fish, insects, lobsters snails, shrimp, etc. 4. What is coral bleaching? Give three reasons of coral bleaching. Coral bleaching occurs when coral polyps expel algae that live inside their tissues. Normally, coral polyps live in an endosymbiotic relationship with these algae, which are crucial for the health of the coral and the reef. It may result from increases in seawater temperature, particularly when associated with elevated levels of solar irradiance (e.g., ultraviolet radiation), or it may be caused by changes in seawater chemistry (e.g., due to ocean acidification or pollution), increased levels of sediment in seawater, or a coral’s exposure to sodium cyanide (a chemical used in the capture of coral reef fish). 5. Distinguish how the red and black mangroves survive in highly saline water? Leaf adaptations to saline conditions. Some species such as the Grey Mangrove can also tolerate the storage of large amounts of salt in their leaves – which are discarded when the salt load is too high. Mangroves are able to turn their leaves to reduce the surface area of the leaf exposed to the hot sun. 6. Why photosynthesis balances with respiration in the compensation point? The cycle of photosynthesis and respiration maintains the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis produces the oxygen to replenish oxygen that is used up by living organisms during respiration. Carbon dioxide produced during respiration is one of the reactants plants need to perform photosynthesis. 7. What is an estuary? Give three (3) importance of estuary. Estuary is a dynamic ecosystem having a connection to the open sea through which the sea water enters with the rhythm of the tides. Estuary is important because it provide us with a range of resources and services. Some can be measured in dollars and others cannot. Estuaries provide places for recreational This study source was downloaded by 100000824559107 from CourseHero.com on 07-03-2022 06:54:10 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/74207756/CaluttongEvangelineV-AssignmentNo3docx/ activities and scientific studies. Estuaries are an irreplaceable natural resource that needs to be carefully monitored so that the animals and plants that depend on them are thriving. 8. Explain salt-wedge, partially mixed and completely mixed estuary. Salt-wedge estuaries occur when a rapidly flowing river discharges into the ocean where tidal currents are weak. Partially mixed estuaries have a tidal flow that provides a means of erasing the salt wedge. The salt water is mixed upward and fresh water is mixed downward. Well-mixed estuaries have strong tidal mixing and low river flow that mix the sea water throughout the shallow estuary. The mixing is so complete that the salinity is the same top to bottom and decreases from the ocean to the river. This study source was downloaded by 100000824559107 from CourseHero.com on 07-03-2022 06:54:10 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/74207756/CaluttongEvangelineV-AssignmentNo3docx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
