LaTeX symbols

The Great, Big List of LATEX Symbols David Carlisle Scott Pakin Alexander Holt February 7, 2001 List of Tables 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 LATEX 2ε Escapable “Special” Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LATEX 2ε Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode Non-ASCII Letters (Excluding Accented Letters) . . . . . . . . . . . . Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . Punctuation Marks Not Found in OT1 Predefined LATEX 2ε Text-Mode Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Binary Operation Symbols . . . . . . Relation Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . Punctuation Symbols . . . . . . . . . Arrow Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous Symbols . . . . . . . . Variable-sized Symbols . . . . . . . . Log-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Large Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . Math-Mode Accents . . . . . . . . . Some Other Constructions . . . . . . textcomp Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . AMS Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . AMS Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMS Negated Arrows . . . . . . . . AMS Greek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMS Hebrew . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMS Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . AMS Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode . . . . . 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 9 1 AMS Binary Operators . . . . . . . AMS Binary Relations . . . . . . . . AMS Negated Binary Relations . . . stmaryrd Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . stmaryrd Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . stmaryrd Extension Characters . . . stmaryrd Binary Operators . . . . . . stmaryrd Large Binary Operators . . stmaryrd Binary Relations . . . . . . stmaryrd Negated Binary Relations . wasysym Math-Mode Symbols . . . . wasysym General Symbols . . . . . . wasysym Electrical and Physical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wasysym Polygons and Stars . . . . . wasysym Musical Notes . . . . . . . . wasysym Circles . . . . . . . . . . . . wasysym Phonetic Symbols . . . . . wasysym Astrological and Zodiacal Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wasysym APL Symbols . . . . . . . . wasysym APL Modifiers . . . . . . . pifont Commands for Using Zapf Dingbats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . marvosym Astrological and Zodiacal Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . marvosym Digits . . . . . . . . . . . marvosym Euro Signs . . . . . . . . . marvosym Miscellaneous . . . . . . . Math Alphabets . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 Table 1: LATEX 2ε Escapable “Special” Characters $ % \$ \% } \_ & \} \& # { \# \{ Table 2: LATEX 2ε Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode $ \$ \P \S ¶ § c O © \_ \copyright \dag ... £ \ddag \dots \pounds { } \{ \} (Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LATEX 2ε provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes available.) Table 3: Non-ASCII Letters (Excluding Accented Letters) å Å Æ æ ∗ \aa \AA \AE \ae Ð ð Ð \DH ∗ \dh ∗ \DJ ∗ \dj ∗ L l \L \l \NG ∗ \ng ∗ ø Ø Œ œ \o \O \OE \oe ß SS Þ þ \ss \SS \TH ∗ \th ∗ = Not available in the OT1 font encoding. Use the fontenc package to select an alternate font encoding, such as T1. Table 4: Greek Letters α β γ δ ε ζ η \alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \varepsilon \zeta \eta θ ϑ ι κ λ µ ν ξ \theta \vartheta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi o π $ ρ % σ ς o \pi \varpi \rho \varrho \sigma \varsigma τ υ φ ϕ χ ψ ω \tau \upsilon \phi \varphi \chi \psi \omega Γ ∆ Θ \Gamma \Delta \Theta Λ Ξ Π \Lambda \Xi \Pi Σ Υ Φ \Sigma \Upsilon \Phi Ψ Ω \Psi \Omega (The remaining Greek majuscules can be produced with ordinary Latin letters. The symbol “M”, for instance, is used for both an uppercase “m” and an uppercase “µ”.) 2 Table 5: Punctuation Marks Not Found in OT1 ∗ \guillemotleft \guillemotright ∗ \guilsinglleft ∗ \guilsinglright ∗ \quotedblbase ∗ \quotesinglbase ∗ " \textquotedbl ∗ (To get these symbols, use the fontenc package to select an alternate font encoding, such as T1.) Table 6: Predefined LATEX 2ε Text-Mode Commands ˆ ˜ * \ | { } c O © $ ... — – ¡ > \textasciicircum \textasciitilde \textasteriskcentered \textbackslash \textbar \textbraceleft \textbraceright \textbullet \textcopyright \textdagger \textdaggerdbl \textdollar \textellipsis \textemdash \textendash \textexclamdown \textgreater < a o ª º ¶ · ¿ “ ” ‘ ’ r O ® § £ TM \textless \textordfeminine \textordmasculine \textparagraph \textperiodcentered \textquestiondown \textquotedblleft \textquotedblright \textquoteleft \textquoteright \textregistered \textsection \textsterling \texttrademark \textunderscore \textvisiblespace (Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LATEX 2ε provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes available.) Table 7: Binary Operation Symbols ± ∓ × ÷ ∗ ? ◦ • · + ∗ \pm \mp \times \div \ast \star \circ \bullet \cdot + ∩ ∪ ] u t ∨ ∧ \ o − \cap \cup \uplus \sqcap \sqcup \vee \wedge \setminus \wr - a ` \diamond \bigtriangleup \bigtriangledown \triangleleft \triangleright \lhd∗ \rhd∗ \unlhd∗ \unrhd∗ / . ⊕ ⊗ † ‡ q \oplus \ominus \otimes \oslash \odot \bigcirc \dagger \ddagger \amalg Not predefined in LATEX 2ε . Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb, or wasysym. 3 Table 8: Relation Symbols ≤ ≺ ⊂ ⊆ < v ∈ ` : ∗ \leq \prec \preceq \ll \subset \subseteq \sqsubset∗ \sqsubseteq \in \vdash : ≥ ⊃ ⊇ = w 3 a \geq \succ \succeq \gg \supset \supseteq \sqsupset∗ \sqsupseteq \ni \dashv ≡ ∼ ' ≈ ∼ = 6= . = ∝ < \equiv \sim \simeq \asymp \approx \cong \neq \doteq \propto < |= ⊥ | k ./ 1 ^ _ = > \models \perp \mid \parallel \bowtie \Join∗ \smile \frown = > Not predefined in LATEX 2ε . Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb, or wasysym. Table 9: Punctuation Symbols , , ; : ; \colon . \ldotp · \cdotp Table 10: Arrow Symbols ← ⇐ → > ↔ ⇔ 7 → ←( ) ∗ \leftarrow \Leftarrow \rightarrow \Rightarrow \leftrightarrow \Leftrightarrow \mapsto \hookleftarrow \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \rightleftharpoons ←− ⇐= −→ => ←→ ⇐> 7−→ ,→ * + ; \longleftarrow \Longleftarrow \longrightarrow \Longrightarrow \longleftrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow \longmapsto \hookrightarrow \rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leadsto∗ ↑ ⇑ ↓ ⇓ l m % & . - \uparrow \Uparrow \downarrow \Downarrow \updownarrow \Updownarrow \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow Not predefined in LATEX 2ε . Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb, or wasysym. 4 Table 11: Miscellaneous Symbols ∗ ... ℵ ~ ı  ` ℘ < = 0 \ldots \aleph \hbar \imath \jmath \ell \wp \Re \Im \mho∗ ··· 0 ∅ ∇ √ > ⊥ k ∠ . .. . ∀ ∃ ¬ [ \ ] \ ∂ | \cdots \prime \emptyset \nabla \surd \top \bot \| \angle . \vdots \forall \exists \neg \flat \natural \sharp \backslash \partial | .. . ∞ 2 3 4 ♣ ♦ ♥ ♠ \ddots \infty \Box∗ \Diamond∗ \triangle \clubsuit \diamondsuit \heartsuit \spadesuit Not predefined in LATEX 2ε . Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb, or wasysym. P Q ` R H Table 12: T \sum S \prod F \coprod W \int V \oint Variable-sized Symbols J \bigcap N \bigodot \bigcup L \bigotimes \bigsqcup U \bigoplus \bigvee \biguplus \bigwedge Table 13: Log-like Symbols \arccos \arcsin \arctan \arg \cos \cosh \cot \coth \csc \deg \det \dim \exp \gcd \hom \inf \ker \lg \lim \liminf \limsup \ln \log \max \min \Pr \sec \sin \sinh \sup \tan \tanh Table 14: Delimiters ( [ { b h | ( [ \{ \lfloor \langle | ) ] } c i k ) ] \} \rfloor \rangle \| ↑ ↓ l d / \uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \lceil / 5 ⇑ ⇓ m e \ \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow \rceil \backslash     \rmoustache \arrowvert   w w Table 15: Large Delimiters  \lmoustache  \rgroup    \bracevert \Arrowvert    \lgroup Table 16: Math-Mode Accents â ǎ \hat{a} \check{a} f abc ←− abc abc z}|{ abc √ abc f0 á à \acute{a} \grave{a} ā ~a \bar{a} \vec{a} ȧ ä \dot{a} \ddot{a} ă ã \breve{a} \tilde{a} Table 17: Some Other Constructions c \widetilde{abc} abc \widehat{abc} −→ \overleftarrow{abc} abc \overrightarrow{abc} \overline{abc} abc \underline{abc} abc |{z} √ n abc \overbrace{abc} \sqrt{abc} f’ \underbrace{abc} \sqrt[n]{abc} \frac{abc}{xyz} abc xyz Table 18: textcomp Symbols1 ´ ¨ ` ¯ * O b ¦ \textacutedbl \textascendercompwordmark \textasciiacute \textasciibreve \textasciicaron \textasciidieresis \textasciigrave \textasciimacron \textasteriskcentered \textbaht \textbardbl \textbigcircle \textblank \textborn \textbrokenbar m M = µ n 9 W ½ 1 ¼ ¹ \textlquill \textmarried \textmho \textminus \textmu \textmusicalnote \textnaira \textnineoldstyle \textnumero \textohm \textonehalf \textoneoldstyle \textonequarter \textonesuperior \textopenbullet (continued on next page) 1 These symbols are also available in math mode through the use of the mathcomp package. See the mathcomp documentation for usage information. 6 (continued from previous page) ¢ « c O © ¤ ° d ö c $ _ 8 ¿ 5 4 / < [ l ¬ \textbullet \textcapitalcompwordmark \textcelsius \textcent \textcentoldstyle \textcircledP \textcolonmonetary \textcopyleft \textcopyright \textcurrency \textdagger \textdaggerdbl \textdblhyphen \textdblhyphenchar \textdegree \textdied \textdiscount \textdiv \textdivorced \textdollar \textdollaroldstyle \textdong \textdownarrow \texteightoldstyle \textestimated \texteuro \textfiveoldstyle \textflorin \textfouroldstyle \textfractionsolidus \textgravedbl \textguarani \textinterrobang \textinterrobangdown \textlangle \textlbrackdbl \textleaf \textleftarrow \textlira \textlnot a ª o º ¶ · ± ' > ] ¸ r O ® ¡ § 7 6 £ » 3 ¾ ³ ~ Ö TM 2 ² ^ ¥ 0 \textordfeminine \textordmasculine \textparagraph \textperiodcentered \textpertenthousand \textperthousand \textpeso \textpilcrow \textpm \textquotesingle \textquotestraightbase \textquotestraightdblbase \textrangle \textrbrackdbl \textrecipe \textreferencemark \textregistered \textrightarrow \textrquill \textsection \textservicemark \textsevenoldstyle \textsixoldstyle \textsterling \textsurd \textthreeoldstyle \textthreequarters \textthreequartersemdash \textthreesuperior \texttildelow \texttimes \texttrademark \texttwelveudash \texttwooldstyle \texttwosuperior \textuparrow \textwon \textyen \textzerooldstyle (Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LATEX 2ε provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes available.) 7 Table 19: AMS Delimiters p q \ulcorner x \urcorner \llcorner y \lrcorner Table 20: AMS Arrows 99K W ! \dashrightarrow \Lleftarrow \leftrightharpoons \upuparrows \leftrightsquigarrow \rightleftarrows \rightleftharpoons \downdownarrows L99 x ⇒ y \dashleftarrow \twoheadleftarrow \curvearrowleft \upharpoonleft \rightrightarrows \twoheadrightarrow \curvearrowright \upharpoonright ⇔ \leftleftarrows \leftarrowtail \circlearrowleft \downharpoonleft \rightleftarrows \rightarrowtail \circlearrowright \downharpoonright " ( ⇒ # \leftrightarrows \looparrowleft \Lsh \multimap \rightrightarrows \looparrowright \Rsh \rightsquigarrow Table 21: AMS Negated Arrows 8 = \nleftarrow \nleftrightarrow 9 < \nrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow \nLeftarrow : ; \nRightarrow O ∠ ` ∅ ð \triangledown \angle \Finv \varnothing \blacklozenge \eth Table 22: AMS Greek z \digamma κ \varkappa Table 23: AMS Hebrew i \beth k \daleth ‫ג‬ \gimel Table 24: AMS Miscellaneous ~ ] a N F \hbar \square \measuredangle \Game \blacktriangle \bigstar \diagup } ♦ @ k H ^ \hslash \lozenge \nexists \Bbbk \blacktriangledown \sphericalangle \diagdown 8 M s 0 8 { \vartriangle \circledS \mho \backprime \blacksquare \complement Table 25: AMS Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode X \checkmark r \circledR z \maltese Table 26: AMS Binary Operators u Z n f } \dotplus \barwedge \boxtimes \ltimes \curlywedge \circledcirc r Y o g \smallsetminus \veebar \boxdot \rtimes \curlyvee \centerdot e [ h | \Cap \doublebarwedge \boxplus \leftthreetimes \circleddash \intercal d > i ~ \Cup \boxminus \divideontimes \rightthreetimes \circledast Table 27: AMS Binary Relations 5 / ≶ : j 2 E a > m T ∼ = v p ∝ I \leqq \lessapprox \lessgtr \risingdotseq \subseteqq \curlyeqprec \trianglelefteq \smallfrown \geqslant \gtrdot \gtreqqless \thicksim \sqsupset \succapprox \shortmid \varpropto \blacktriangleright 6 u Q ; b l 1 ≫ P ≈ < B q J ∵ \leqslant \approxeq \lesseqgtr \fallingdotseq \Subset \precsim \vDash \bumpeq \eqslantgtr \ggg \eqcirc \thickapprox \succcurlyeq \vartriangleright \shortparallel \blacktriangleleft \because 9 0 l S v < w m & ≷ $ k 3 D G ∴ \eqslantless \lessdot \lesseqqgtr \backsim \sqsubset \precapprox \Vvdash \Bumpeq \gtrsim \gtrless \circeq \supseteqq \curlyeqsucc \trianglerighteq \between \therefore . ≪ + w 4 C ` = ' R , c % t \lesssim \lll \doteqdot \backsimeq \preccurlyeq \vartriangleleft \smallsmile \geqq \gtrapprox \gtreqless \triangleq \Supset \succsim \Vdash \pitchfork \backepsilon Table 28: AMS Negated Binary Relations ≮ 0 * & / 7 ) \nless \lneq \lnapprox \precnapprox \nvdash \nsubseteq \varsubsetneqq \ngeqq \gnsim \nsucceq \nshortparallel \ntriangleright \supsetneq ⊀ 2 ( ≯ ∦ 4 ! \nleq \lneqq \nprec \nsim \nvDash \subsetneq \ngtr \gneq \gnapprox \succnsim \nparallel \ntrianglerighteq \varsupsetneq . 6 2 + % \nleqslant \lvertneqq \npreceq \nshortmid \ntriangleleft \varsubsetneq \ngeq \gneqq \nsucc \succnapprox \nvDash \nsupseteq \supsetneqq 5 $ 3 # ' \nleqq \lnsim \precnsim \nmid \ntrianglelefteq \subsetneqq \ngeqslant \gvertneqq \nsucceq \ncong \nVDash \nsupseteqq \varsupsetneqq Table 29: stmaryrd Delimiters H V J \Lbag \llceil \llbracket I W K \Rbag \rrceil \rrbracket * T \lbag \llfloor + U \rbag \rrfloor Table 30: stmaryrd Arrows ⇐=\ 1 ←−[ \Longmapsfrom \nnearrow \shortdownarrow \longmapsfrom \lightning Z= > 0 ←[ M \Longmapsto \nnwarrow \shortuparrow \mapsfrom \rrparenthesis ⇐\ % ^ - \Mapsfrom \ssearrow \shortleftarrow \leftarrowtriangle \leftrightarroweq Z> $ _ ] \Mapsto \sswarrow \shortrightarrow \rightarrowtriangle \leftrightarrowtriangle Note that wasysym also defines a \lightning symbol. The difference—other than “” vs. “ ”—is that the stmaryrd version (above) is limited to math mode. X Y Table 31: stmaryrd Extension Characters \Arrownot \arrownot [ \ \Mapsfromchar \mapsfromchar 10 Z \Mapstochar Table 32: stmaryrd Binary Operators . ) 2 C = 3 4 \Ydown \baro \boxast \boxcircle \curlyveedownarrow \fatbslash \leftslice \nplus \ogreaterthan \rightslice \varcurlyvee \varobslash \varolessthan \varotimes e g d / # ! : < 6 \Yleft \bbslash \boxbar \boxdot \curlyveeuparrow \fatsemi \merge \obar \olessthan \sslash \varcurlywedge \varocircle \varominus \varovee \Yright \binampersand \boxbox \boxempty \curlywedgedownarrow \fatslash \minuso \oblong \ovee \talloblong \varoast \varodot \varoplus \varowedge N ' ( @ > 8 7 O & 9 ; ? , 5 " \Yup \bindnasrepma \boxbslash \boxslash \curlywedgeuparrow \interleave \moo \obslash \owedge \varbigcirc \varobar \varogreaterthan \varoslash \vartimes Table 33: stmaryrd Large Binary Operators b c \bigbox \bigcurlywedge p \bigcurlyvee f \biginterleave ` \bignplus a \bigparallel \bigsqcap \bigtriangledown \bigtriangleup Table 34: stmaryrd Binary Relations A E \inplus \supsetplus B G \niplus \supsetpluseq D P \subsetplus \trianglelefteqslant F Q \subsetpluseq \trianglerighteqslant Table 35: stmaryrd Negated Binary Relations R \ntrianglelefteqslant S \ntrianglerighteqslant Table 36: wasysym Math-Mode Symbols 2 3 1 ? \Box \Diamond \Join \LHD \RHD \apprge > t s ; \apprle \iiint \iint \invneg \leadsto \lhd # v < = 11 \logof \ocircle \oiint \rhd \sqsubset \sqsupset r u \unlhd \unrhd \varint \varoint \wasypropto Table 37: wasysym General Symbols 1 L K 0 m | ¢ ¤ ♀ \Bowtie \DOWNarrow \LEFTarrow \RIGHTarrow \UParrow \agemO \ataribox \bell / 6 ♂ h \blacksmiley \brokenvert \cent \checked \clock \currency \diameter \female , ☼ ◊ ∴ \frownie \invdiameter \kreuz \lightning \male \permil \phone \pointer \recorder \smiley \sun \varangle \wasylozenge \wasytherefore Note that stmaryrd also defines a \lightning symbol. The difference—other than “ ” vs. “”—is that the wasysym version (above) gives the correct character only in text mode. Table 38: wasysym Electrical and Physical Symbols : \AC @ \VHF :::: : \photon \HF QPPPPPPR \gluon Table 39: wasysym Polygons and Stars 2 2 4 \CheckedBox \Square \XBox C 7 A 8 D 9 \davidsstar \hexagon \hexstar \octagon \pentagon \varhexagon B \varhexstar Table 40: wasysym Musical Notes \eighthnote \halfnote \twonotes \fullnote ♩ \quarternote Table 41: wasysym Circles # G \CIRCLE \Circle \LEFTCIRCLE G # I H H # J " \LEFTcircle \Leftcircle \RIGHTCIRCLE \RIGHTcircle \Rightcircle \leftturn Table 42: wasysym Phonetic Symbols D Þ \DH \Thorn k U \dh \inve 12 l þ \openo \thorn ! \rightturn Table 43: wasysym Astrological and Zodiacal Symbols ♁ # \ascnode \astrosun \descnode \earth \fullmoon X $ ♂ ' [ \jupiter \leftmoon \mars \mercury \neptune \ % Y Z \newmoon \pluto \rightmoon \saturn \uranus ♀ \venus \vernal Table 44: wasysym APL Symbols ~ F o } \APLbox \APLcomment \APLdown \APLdownarrowbox \APLinput ÷ ~ p − \APLinv \APLleftarrowbox \APLlog \APLminus \APLrightarrowbox q E n − \ − / \APLstar \APLup \APLuparrowbox \notbackslash \notslash Table 45: wasysym APL Modifiers ◦ \APLcirc{} ∼ \APLnot{} | \APLvert{} Table 46: pifont Commands for Using Zapf Dingbats ✁ ✂ ✃ ✄ ☎ ✆ ✇ ✈ ✉ ☛ ☞ ✌ ✍ ✎ ✏ ✐ ✑ ✒ \ding{33} \ding{34} \ding{35} \ding{36} \ding{37} \ding{38} \ding{39} \ding{40} \ding{41} \ding{42} \ding{43} \ding{44} \ding{45} \ding{46} \ding{47} \ding{48} \ding{49} \ding{50} ✧ ★ ✩ ✪ ✫ ✬ ✭ ✮ ✯ ✰ ✱ ✲ ✳ ✴ ✵ ✶ ✷ ✸ \ding{71} \ding{72} \ding{73} \ding{74} \ding{75} \ding{76} \ding{77} \ding{78} \ding{79} \ding{80} \ding{81} \ding{82} \ding{83} \ding{84} \ding{85} \ding{86} \ding{87} \ding{88} ❍ ■ ❏ ❐ ❑ ❒ ▲ ▼ ◆ ❖ ◗ ❘ ❙ ❚ ❛ ❜ ❝ ❞ \ding{109} \ding{110} \ding{111} \ding{112} \ding{113} \ding{114} \ding{115} \ding{116} \ding{117} \ding{118} \ding{119} \ding{120} \ding{121} \ding{122} \ding{123} \ding{124} \ding{125} \ding{126} ⑩ ❶ ❷ ❸ ❹ ❺ ❻ ❼ ❽ ❾ ❿ ➀ ➁ ➂ ➃ ➄ ➅ ➆ \ding{181} \ding{182} \ding{183} \ding{184} \ding{185} \ding{186} \ding{187} \ding{188} \ding{189} \ding{190} \ding{191} \ding{192} \ding{193} \ding{194} \ding{195} \ding{196} \ding{197} \ding{198} ➛ ➜ ➝ ➞ ➟ ➠ ➡ ➢ ➣ ➤ ➥ ➦ ➧ ➨ ➩ ➪ ➫ ➬ \ding{219} \ding{220} \ding{221} \ding{222} \ding{223} \ding{224} \ding{225} \ding{226} \ding{227} \ding{228} \ding{229} \ding{230} \ding{231} \ding{232} \ding{233} \ding{234} \ding{235} \ding{236} (continued on next page) 13 (continued from previous page) ✓ ✔ ✕ ✖ ✗ ✘ ✙ ✚ ✛ ✜ ✝ ✞ ✟ ✠ ✡ ✢ ✣ ✤ ✥ ✦ \ding{51} \ding{52} \ding{53} \ding{54} \ding{55} \ding{56} \ding{57} \ding{58} \ding{59} \ding{60} \ding{61} \ding{62} \ding{63} \ding{64} \ding{65} \ding{66} \ding{67} \ding{68} \ding{69} \ding{70} ✹ ✺ ✻ ✼ ✽ ✾ ✿ ❀ ❁ ❂ ❃ ❄ ❅ ❆ ❇ ❈ ❉ ❊ ❋ ● \ding{89} \ding{90} \ding{91} \ding{92} \ding{93} \ding{94} \ding{95} \ding{96} \ding{97} \ding{98} \ding{99} \ding{100} \ding{101} \ding{102} \ding{103} \ding{104} \ding{105} \ding{106} \ding{107} \ding{108} ❡ ❢ ❣ ❤ ❥ ❦ ❧ ♣ ♦ ♥ ♠ ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ ➇ ➈ ➉ ➊ ➋ ➌ ➍ ➎ ➏ ➐ ➑ ➒ ➓ ➔ → ↔ ↕ ➘ ➙ ➚ \ding{161} \ding{162} \ding{163} \ding{164} \ding{165} \ding{166} \ding{167} \ding{168} \ding{169} \ding{170} \ding{171} \ding{172} \ding{173} \ding{174} \ding{175} \ding{176} \ding{177} \ding{178} \ding{179} \ding{180} \ding{199} \ding{200} \ding{201} \ding{202} \ding{203} \ding{204} \ding{205} \ding{206} \ding{207} \ding{208} \ding{209} \ding{210} \ding{211} \ding{212} \ding{213} \ding{214} \ding{215} \ding{216} \ding{217} \ding{218} ➭ ➮ ➯ ➱ ➲ ➳ ➴ ➵ ➶ ➷ ➸ ➹ ➺ ➻ ➼ ➽ ➾ \ding{237} \ding{238} \ding{239} \ding{241} \ding{242} \ding{243} \ding{244} \ding{245} \ding{246} \ding{247} \ding{248} \ding{249} \ding{250} \ding{251} \ding{252} \ding{253} \ding{254} Table 47: marvosym Astrological and Zodiacal Symbols Å Ä Â \Jupiter \Mars \Mercury Á È É \Moon \Neptune \Pluto Æ À Ç \Saturn \Sun \Uranus Ã \Venus à á â \Aries \Taurus \Gemini ã ä å \Cancer \Leo \Virgo æ ç è \Libra \Scorpio \Sagittarius é ê ë \Capricorn \Aquarius \Pisces Note that \Aries . . . \Pisces can also be specified with \Zodiac{1} . . . \Zodiac{12}. Table 48: marvosym Digits 0 1 \MVZero \MVOne 2 3 \MVTwo \MVThree 4 5 \MVFour \MVFive 14 6 7 \MVSix \MVSeven 8 9 \MVEight \MVNine Table 49: marvosym Euro Signs ¤ \EUR d \EURcr c \EURhv e \EURtm Table 50: marvosym Miscellaneous ˆ ý " # ® ‡ C V . › U K = † X s r \Ankh \Bat \Beam \Bearing \Bicycle \Celtcross \CEsign \Checkedbox \Circles \Circpipe \Clocklogo \Coffeecup \Corresponds \Cross \Crossedbox \Cutleft \Cutline q u t v F f % – o ( § Œ I i + R S \Cutright \FAX \fax \Faxmachine \FHBOlogo \FHBOLOGO \Fixedbearing \Flatsteel \Football \Force \Frowny \Heart \Industry \Info \Kross \Kutline \Leftscissors & B E ) $ ™ Ï Í H ð @ ñ A Z ˜ > Q 15 \Lefttorque \Letter \Lightning \Lineload \Loosebearing \Lsteel \Manfront \Manside \Mobilefone \MVA \MVAt \MVp \Pickup \Pointinghand \Rectpipe \Rightarrow \Rightscissors P p ’ © * ÷ — ! T œ š þ Î Ì b M \Righttorque \Smiley \Snowflake \Squaredot \Squarepipe \Stopsign \Telefon \Tsteel \TTsteel \Vectorarrow \Vectorarrowhigh \Womanface \Womanfront \Womanside \Writinghand \Yingyang Table 51: Math Alphabets ABCdef123 ABCdef123 ABCdef  ABC ABC ABC or ABCdef123 ABC ABCdef123 ABCdef12 ABCdef12 ABCdef12 ABC1 ABC1 ABCdef123 ABCdef123 ABCdef123 ∗ \mathrm{ABCdef123} \mathit{ABCdef123} \mathnormal{ABCdef123} \mathcal{ABC} \mathscr{ABC} \mathcal{ABC} \mathscr{ABC} \mathpzc{ABCdef123} \mathbb{ABC} \mathbb{ABCdef123} \mathbbm{ABCdef12} \mathbbmss{ABCdef12} \mathbbmtt{ABCdef12} \mathds{ABC1} \mathds{ABC1} \mathfrak{ABCdef123} \textfrak{ABCdef123} \textswab{ABCdef123} Required package none none none none mathrsfs euscript with option: mathcal euscript with option: mathcr none; manually defined∗ amsfonts or amssymb bbold bbm bbm bbm dsfont dsfont with option: sans eufrak yfonts yfonts Put “\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathpzc}{OT1}{pzc}{m}{it}” in your document’s preamble to make \mathpzc typeset its argument in Zapf Chancery. 16 Index If you’re having trouble locating a symbol, try looking under “T” for “\text. . .”. Many text-mode commands begin with that prefix. \# \$ \% \& ( ) + , . / : ; < [ ] \_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Symbols ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ A \AA . . . . . . . . \aa . . . . . . . . \AC . . . . . . . . accents . . . . . \acute . . . . . \AE . . . . . . . . \ae . . . . . . . . \agemO . . . . . \aleph . . . . . \alpha . . . . . alphabets Greek . . Hebrew . math . . . \amalg . . . . . AMS . . . . . . . amsfonts . . . . amssymb . . . . \angle . . . . . \Ankh . . . . . . APL modifiers symbols . \APLbox . . . . \APLcirc . . . \APLcomment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . 2 12 . 6 . 6 . 2 . 2 12 . 5 . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \APLdown . . . . . . . . . 13 \APLdownarrowbox . . . 13 \APLinput . . . . . . . . . 13 \APLinv . . . . . . . . . . 13 \APLleftarrowbox . . . 13 \APLlog . . . . . . . . . . 13 \APLminus . . . . . . . . . 13 \APLnot . . . . . . . . . . 13 \APLrightarrowbox . . 13 \APLstar . . . . . . . . . 13 \APLup . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \APLuparrowbox . . . . 13 \APLvert . . . . . . . . . 13 \apprge . . . . . . . . . . 11 \apprle . . . . . . . . . . 11 \approx . . . . . . . . . . . 4 \approxeq . . . . . . . . . . 9 \Aquarius . . . . . . . . . 14 \arccos . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \arcsin . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \arctan . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \arg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \Aries . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \Arrownot . . . . . . . . . 10 \arrownot . . . . . . . . . 10 arrows . . . . . . . 4, 8, 10 negated . . . . . . . . 8 \Arrowvert . . . . . . . . . 6 \arrowvert . . . . . . . . . 6 ASCII . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 \ascnode . . . . . . . . . 13 \ast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 astrological symbols 13, 14 \astrosun . . . . . . . . . 13 \asymp . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 \ataribox . . . . . . . . . 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B \backepsilon \backprime . . \backsim . . . \backsimeq . . \backslash . . \bar . . . . . . . \baro . . . . . . \barwedge . . . 2 2 2 2 5 5 3 4 3 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 2 . . 2, 8 .... 8 . . . 16 .... 3 . 8–10 3–5, 16 3–5, 16 . . . 5, 8 . . . . 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 13 13 13 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8 9 9 5 6 11 . 9 17 \Bat . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \Bbbk . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 bbm . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 bbold . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \bbslash . . . . . . . . . 11 \Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \Bearing . . . . . . . . . 15 \because . . . . . . . . . . 9 \bell . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \beta . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 \beth . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \between . . . . . . . . . . 9 \Bicycle . . . . . . . . . 15 \bigbox . . . . . . . . . . 11 \bigcap . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \bigcirc . . . . . . . . . . 3 \bigcup . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \bigcurlyvee . . . . . . 11 \bigcurlywedge . . . . 11 \biginterleave . . . . 11 \bignplus . . . . . . . . . 11 \bigodot . . . . . . . . . . 5 \bigoplus . . . . . . . . . . 5 \bigotimes . . . . . . . . . 5 \bigparallel . . . . . . 11 \bigsqcap . . . . . . . . . 11 \bigsqcup . . . . . . . . . . 5 \bigstar . . . . . . . . . . 8 \bigtriangledown . 3, 11 \bigtriangleup . . 3, 11 \biguplus . . . . . . . . . . 5 \bigvee . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \bigwedge . . . . . . . . . . 5 \binampersand . . . . . 11 binary operators 3, 9, 11 large . . . . . . . . . 11 binary relations . . . 9, 11 negated . . . . 10, 11 \bindnasrepma . . . . . 11 \blacklozenge . . . . . . 8 \blacksmiley . . . . . . 12 \blacksquare . . . . . . . 8 \blacktriangle . . . . . 8 \blacktriangledown . . 8 \blacktriangleleft . . 9 \blacktriangleright . 9 \bot . . . . . . \Bowtie . . . \bowtie . . . \Box . . . . . . \boxast . . . \boxbar . . . \boxbox . . . \boxbslash . \boxcircle . \boxdot . . . \boxempty . . \boxminus . . \boxplus . . \boxslash . . \boxtimes . . \bracevert . \breve . . . . \brokenvert \bullet . . . \Bumpeq . . . \bumpeq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C \Cancer . . . . . . . . \Cap . . . . . . . . . . . \cap . . . . . . . . . . . \Capricorn . . . . . . \cdot . . . . . . . . . . \cdotp . . . . . . . . . \cdots . . . . . . . . . \Celtcross . . . . . . \cent . . . . . . . . . . \centerdot . . . . . . \CEsign . . . . . . . . \check . . . . . . . . . \checked . . . . . . . \CheckedBox . . . . . \Checkedbox . . . . . \checkmark . . . . . . \chi . . . . . . . . . . . \circ . . . . . . . . . . \circeq . . . . . . . . \CIRCLE . . . . . . . . \Circle . . . . . . . . \circlearrowleft . \circlearrowright ... 5 . . 12 ... 4 5, 11 . . 11 . . 11 . . 11 . . 11 . . 11 9, 11 . . 11 ... 9 ... 9 . . 11 ... 9 ... 6 ... 6 . . 12 ... 3 ... 9 ... 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . 9 . 3 14 . 3 . 4 . 5 15 12 . 9 15 . 6 12 12 15 . 9 . 2 . 3 . 9 12 12 . 8 . 8 \circledast . . . . . . . \circledcirc . . . . . . \circleddash . . . . . . \circledR . . . . . . . . . \circledS . . . . . . . . . \Circles . . . . . . . . . circles . . . . . . . . . . . . \Circpipe . . . . . . . . . \clock . . . . . . . . . . . \Clocklogo . . . . . . . . \clubsuit . . . . . . . . . \Coffeecup . . . . . . . . \colon . . . . . . . . . . . \complement . . . . . . . complex numbers . . . . alphabets, math \cong . . . . . . . . . . . . \coprod . . . . . . . . . . \copyright . . . . . . . . \Corresponds . . . . . . \cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . \cosh . . . . . . . . . . . . \cot . . . . . . . . . . . . . \coth . . . . . . . . . . . . \Cross . . . . . . . . . . . \Crossedbox . . . . . . . \csc . . . . . . . . . . . . . \Cup . . . . . . . . . . . . . \cup . . . . . . . . . . . . . \curlyeqprec . . . . . . \curlyeqsucc . . . . . . \curlyvee . . . . . . . . . \curlyveedownarrow . \curlyveeuparrow . . . \curlywedge . . . . . . . \curlywedgedownarrow \curlywedgeuparrow . \currency . . . . . . . . . \curvearrowleft . . . \curvearrowright . . . \Cutleft . . . . . . . . . \Cutline . . . . . . . . . \Cutright . . . . . . . . . D \dag . . . . . . . . . \dagger . . . . . . \daleth . . . . . . \dashleftarrow \dashrightarrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9 9 9 8 15 12 15 12 15 . 5 15 . 4 . 8 see . 4 . 5 . 2 15 . 5 . 5 . 5 . 5 15 15 . 5 . 9 . 3 . 9 . 9 . 9 11 11 . 9 11 11 12 . 8 . 8 15 15 15 . . . . . 2 3 8 8 8 \dashv . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 \davidsstar . . . . . . . 12 \ddag . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 \ddagger . . . . . . . . . . 3 \ddot . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 \ddots . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \deg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 degrees see \textdegree delimiters . . . . . 5, 8, 10 large . . . . . . . . . . 6 \Delta . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 \delta . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 \descnode . . . . . . . . . 13 \det . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \DH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \dh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \diagdown . . . . . . . . . . 8 \diagup . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \diameter . . . . . . . . . 12 \Diamond . . . . . . . 5, 11 \diamond . . . . . . . . . . 3 \diamondsuit . . . . . . . 5 \digamma . . . . . . . . . . 8 digits . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \dim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \ding . . . . . . . . . 13, 14 dingbats . . . . . . . . . . 13 \div . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 \divideontimes . . . . . 9 \dot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 \doteq . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 \doteqdot . . . . . . . . . . 9 \dotplus . . . . . . . . . . 9 \dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 \doublebarwedge . . . . 9 \DOWNarrow . . . . . . . . 12 \Downarrow . . . . . . . 4, 5 \downarrow . . . . . . . 4, 5 \downdownarrows . . . . 8 \downharpoonleft . . . . 8 \downharpoonright . . . 8 dsfont . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \eqcirc . . . . . . . . \eqslantgtr . . . . . \eqslantless . . . . \equiv . . . . . . . . . escapable characters \eta . . . . . . . . . . . \eth . . . . . . . . . . . eufrak . . . . . . . . . . \EUR . . . . . . . . . . . \EURcr . . . . . . . . . \EURhv . . . . . . . . . Euro signs . . . . . . . \EURtm . . . . . . . . . euscript . . . . . . . . . \exists . . . . . . . . \exp . . . . . . . . . . . extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . 9 . 9 . 4 . 2 . . 2 . . 8 . 16 . 15 . 15 . 15 . 15 . 15 . 16 . . 5 . . 5 . 10 F \fallingdotseq \fatbslash . . . \fatsemi . . . . \fatslash . . . . \FAX . . . . . . . . \fax . . . . . . . . \Faxmachine . . \female . . . . . \FHBOLOGO . . . . \FHBOlogo . . . . \Finv . . . . . . . \Fixedbearing \flat . . . . . . . \Flatsteel . . . fontenc . . . . . . \Football . . . . \forall . . . . . \Force . . . . . . \frown . . . . . . \frownie . . . . \Frowny . . . . . \fullmoon . . . . \fullnote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E \earth . . . . . . . \eighthnote . . . electrical symbols \ell . . . . . . . . . \emptyset . . . . . \epsilon . . . . . G \Game . . . \Gamma . . \gamma . . \gcd . . . . \Gemini . \geq . . . . ... ... .. ... ... ... . . . . . . 13 12 12 . 5 . 5 . 2 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 11 11 11 15 15 15 12 15 15 . 8 15 . 5 15 2, 3 . 15 .. 5 . 15 .. 4 . 12 . 15 . 13 . 12 . . . . . . . . . . 8 2 2 5 14 . 4 \geqq . . . . . \geqslant . . \gg . . . . . . . \ggg . . . . . . \gimel . . . . \gluon . . . . \gnapprox . . \gneq . . . . . \gneqq . . . . \gnsim . . . . \grave . . . . Greek . . . . . \gtrapprox . \gtrdot . . . \gtreqless . \gtreqqless \gtrless . . \gtrsim . . . \gvertneqq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H \halfnote . . . . . \hat . . . . . . . . . \hbar . . . . . . . . \Heart . . . . . . . \heartsuit . . . . Hebrew . . . . . . . \hexagon . . . . . \hexstar . . . . . \HF . . . . . . . . . . \hom . . . . . . . . . \hookleftarrow \hookrightarrow \hslash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 .. 6 5, 8 . 15 .. 5 .. 8 . 12 . 12 . 12 .. 5 .. 4 .. 4 .. 8 . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9 4 9 8 12 10 10 10 10 . 6 2, 8 .. 9 .. 9 .. 9 .. 9 .. 9 .. 9 . 10 I \iiint . . . . . . . . . . . \iint . . . . . . . . . . . . \Im . . . . . . . . . . . . . . imaginary numbers . . alphabets, math \imath . . . . . . . . . . . \in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \Industry . . . . . . . . . \inf . . . . . . . . . . . . . \Info . . . . . . . . . . . . \infty . . . . . . . . . . . \inplus . . . . . . . . . . \int . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 11 . 5 see . 5 . 4 15 . 5 15 . 5 11 . 5 integers . . see math \intercal . . . . \interleave . . \invdiameter . \inve . . . . . . . \invneg . . . . . \iota . . . . . . . alphabets, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 11 12 12 11 . 2 J \jmath . . \Join . . . \Jupiter \jupiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 5 4, 11 . . 14 . . 13 K \kappa . . \ker . . . . \kreuz . . \Kross . . \Kutline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . 5 12 15 15 L \L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 \l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 \Lambda . . . . . . . . . . . 2 \lambda . . . . . . . . . . . 2 \langle . . . . . . . . . . . 5 large delimiters . . . . . . 6 LATEX 2ε . . . . . . . 2–5, 7 latexsym . . . . . . . . . 3–5 \Lbag . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \lbag . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \lceil . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \ldotp . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 \ldots . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \leadsto . . . . . . . 4, 11 \LEFTarrow . . . . . . . . 12 \Leftarrow . . . . . . . . . 4 \leftarrow . . . . . . . . . 4 \leftarrowtail . . . . . 8 \leftarrowtriangle . 10 \LEFTCIRCLE . . . . . . . 12 \LEFTcircle . . . . . . . 12 \Leftcircle . . . . . . . 12 \leftharpoondown . . . . 4 \leftharpoonup . . . . . 4 \leftleftarrows . . . . 8 \leftmoon . . . . . . . . . 13 \Leftrightarrow . . . . 4 \leftrightarrow . . . . 4 \leftrightarroweq . . 10 \leftrightarrows . . . . 8 \leftrightarrowtriangle . . . . . . 10 \leftrightharpoons . . 8 \leftrightsquigarrow 8 \Leftscissors . . . . . 15 \leftslice . . . . . . . . 11 \leftthreetimes . . . . 9 \Lefttorque . . . . . . . 15 \leftturn . . . . . . . . . 12 \Leo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \leq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 \leqq . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \leqslant . . . . . . . . . . 9 \lessapprox . . . . . . . . 9 \lessdot . . . . . . . . . . 9 \lesseqgtr . . . . . . . . . 9 \lesseqqgtr . . . . . . . . 9 \lessgtr . . . . . . . . . . 9 \lesssim . . . . . . . . . . 9 \Letter . . . . . . . . . . 15 letters . . . . see alphabets non-ASCII . . . . . . 2 \lfloor . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \lg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \lgroup . . . . . . . . . . . 6 \LHD . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \lhd . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 11 \Libra . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \Lightning . . . . . . . . 15 \lightning . . . . . 10, 12 \lim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \liminf . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \limsup . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \Lineload . . . . . . . . . 15 \ll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 \llbracket . . . . . . . . 10 \llceil . . . . . . . . . . 10 \llcorner . . . . . . . . . . 8 \Lleftarrow . . . . . . . . 8 \llfloor . . . . . . . . . 10 \lll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \lmoustache . . . . . . . . 6 \ln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \lnapprox . . . . . . . . . 10 \lneq . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \lneqq . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \lnsim . . . . . . . . . . . 10 19 \log . . . . . . . . . . . . . log-like . . . . . . . . . . . \logof . . . . . . . . . . . \Longleftarrow . . . . \longleftarrow . . . . \Longleftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow \Longmapsfrom . . . . . \longmapsfrom . . . . . \Longmapsto . . . . . . . \longmapsto . . . . . . . \Longrightarrow . . . \longrightarrow . . . \looparrowleft . . . . \looparrowright . . . \Loosebearing . . . . . \lozenge . . . . . . . . . \lrcorner . . . . . . . . . \Lsh . . . . . . . . . . . . . \Lsteel . . . . . . . . . . \ltimes . . . . . . . . . . \lvertneqq . . . . . . . . M \male . . . . . . \maltese . . . \Manfront . . . \Manside . . . \Mapsfrom . . . \mapsfrom . . . \Mapsfromchar \mapsfromchar \Mapsto . . . . \mapsto . . . . \Mapstochar . \Mars . . . . . . \mars . . . . . . marvosym . . . \mathbb . . . . \mathbbm . . . \mathbbmss . . \mathbbmtt . . mathcal . . . . . \mathcal . . . mathcomp . . . mathcr . . . . . \mathds . . . . \mathfrak . . . \mathit . . . . \mathnormal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 . 5 11 . 4 . 4 . 4 . 4 10 10 10 . 4 . 4 . 4 . 8 . 8 15 . 8 . 8 . 8 15 . 9 10 . . 12 ... 9 . . 15 . . 15 . . 10 . . 10 . . 10 . . 10 . . 10 ... 4 . . 10 . . 14 . . 13 14, 15 . . 16 . . 16 . . 16 . . 16 . . 16 . . 16 ... 6 . . 16 . . 16 . . 16 . . 16 . . 16 \mathpzc . . . . . . . . . 16 \mathrm . . . . . . . . . . 16 mathrsfs . . . . . . . . . . 16 \mathscr . . . . . . . . . 16 \max . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \measuredangle . . . . . 8 \Mercury . . . . . . . . . 14 \mercury . . . . . . . . . 13 \merge . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \mho . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 8 \mid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 \min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \minuso . . . . . . . . . . 11 miscellaneous symbols 5, 8, 13, 15 \Mobilefone . . . . . . . 15 \models . . . . . . . . . . . 4 \moo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \Moon . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \mp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 \mu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 \multimap . . . . . . . . . . 8 musical notes . . . . . . 12 \MVA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \MVAt . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \MVEight . . . . . . . . . 14 \MVFive . . . . . . . . . . 14 \MVFour . . . . . . . . . . 14 \MVNine . . . . . . . . . . 14 \MVOne . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \MVp . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \MVSeven . . . . . . . . . 14 \MVSix . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \MVThree . . . . . . . . . 14 \MVTwo . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \MVZero . . . . . . . . . . 14 N \nabla . . . . . . \natural . . . . natural numbers alphabets, \ncong . . . . . . \nearrow . . . . \neg . . . . . . . . \Neptune . . . . \neptune . . . . \neq . . . . . . . . \newmoon . . . . \nexists . . . . ..... ..... .... math ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... . 5 . 5 see 10 . 4 . 5 14 13 . 4 13 . 8 \ngeq . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \ngeqq . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \ngeqslant . . . . . . . . 10 \ngtr . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 \niplus . . . . . . . . . . 11 \nLeftarrow . . . . . . . . 8 \nleftarrow . . . . . . . . 8 \nLeftrightarrow . . . . 8 \nleftrightarrow . . . . 8 \nleq . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \nleqq . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \nleqslant . . . . . . . . 10 \nless . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \nmid . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \nnearrow . . . . . . . . . 10 \nnwarrow . . . . . . . . . 10 \notbackslash . . . . . 13 \notslash . . . . . . . . . 13 \nparallel . . . . . . . . 10 \nplus . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \nprec . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \npreceq . . . . . . . . . 10 \nRightarrow . . . . . . . 8 \nrightarrow . . . . . . . 8 \nshortmid . . . . . . . . 10 \nshortparallel . . . 10 \nsim . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \nsubseteq . . . . . . . . 10 \nsucc . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \nsucceq . . . . . . . . . 10 \nsupseteq . . . . . . . . 10 \nsupseteqq . . . . . . . 10 \ntriangleleft . . . . 10 \ntrianglelefteq . . . 10 \ntrianglelefteqslant . . . . . . 11 \ntriangleright . . . 10 \ntrianglerighteq . . 10 \ntrianglerighteqslant . . . . . . 11 \nu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 \nVDash . . . . . . . . . . 10 \nvDash . . . . . . . . . . 10 \nvdash . . . . . . . . . . 10 \nwarrow . . . . . . . . . . 4 O \O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 \o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 o ........... \obar . . . . . . . . \oblong . . . . . . \obslash . . . . . \ocircle . . . . . \octagon . . . . . \odot . . . . . . . . \OE . . . . . . . . . . \oe . . . . . . . . . . \ogreaterthan . \oiint . . . . . . . \oint . . . . . . . . \olessthan . . . . \Omega . . . . . . . \omega . . . . . . . \ominus . . . . . . \openo . . . . . . . operators binary . . . . \oplus . . . . . . . \oslash . . . . . . \otimes . . . . . . \ovee . . . . . . . . \overbrace . . . . \overleftarrow \overline . . . . . \overrightarrow \owedge . . . . . . P \P . . . . . . . . . . . \parallel . . . . . \partial . . . . . \pentagon . . . . . \permil . . . . . . \perp . . . . . . . . \Phi . . . . . . . . . \phi . . . . . . . . . \phone . . . . . . . phonetic symbols \photon . . . . . . physical symbols \Pi . . . . . . . . . . \pi . . . . . . . . . . \Pickup . . . . . . pifont . . . . . . . . \Pisces . . . . . . \pitchfork . . . . \Pluto . . . . . . . \pluto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 11 11 11 11 12 . 3 . 2 . 2 11 11 . 5 11 . 2 . 2 . 3 12 3, 9, 11 .... 3 .... 3 .... 3 . . . 11 .... 6 .... 6 .... 6 .... 6 . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . 4 . 5 12 12 . 4 . 2 . 2 12 12 12 12 . 2 . 2 15 13 14 . 9 14 13 20 \pm . . . . . . . . \pointer . . . \Pointinghand polygons . . . . \pounds . . . . \Pr . . . . . . . . \prec . . . . . . \precapprox . \preccurlyeq \preceq . . . . \precnapprox \precnsim . . . \precsim . . . \prime . . . . . \prod . . . . . . \propto . . . . \Psi . . . . . . . \psi . . . . . . . punctuation . ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 12 15 12 . 2 . 5 . 4 . 9 . 9 . 4 10 10 . 9 . 5 . 5 . 4 . 2 . 2 3, 4 Q \quarternote . . . . . . 12 R \rangle . . . . . . . . . . . 5 rational numbers . . . . see alphabets, math \Rbag . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \rbag . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \rceil . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \Re . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 real numbers . . . . . . . see alphabets, math \recorder . . . . . . . . . 12 \Rectpipe . . . . . . . . . 15 registered trademark . see \textregistered relations . . . . . . . . . . . 4 binary . . . . . . 9, 11 negated binary 10, 11 \rfloor . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \rgroup . . . . . . . . . . . 6 \RHD . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \rhd . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 11 \rho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 \RIGHTarrow . . . . . . . 12 \Rightarrow . . . . . 4, 15 \rightarrow . . . . . . . . 4 \rightarrowtail . . . . 8 \rightarrowtriangle 10 \RIGHTCIRCLE . . . . . \RIGHTcircle . . . . . \Rightcircle . . . . . \rightharpoondown . \rightharpoonup . . \rightleftarrows . . \rightleftharpoons \rightmoon . . . . . . . \rightrightarrows . \Rightscissors . . . \rightslice . . . . . . \rightsquigarrow . . \rightthreetimes . . \Righttorque . . . . . \rightturn . . . . . . . \risingdotseq . . . . \rmoustache . . . . . . \rrbracket . . . . . . . \rrceil . . . . . . . . . \rrfloor . . . . . . . . \rrparenthesis . . . \Rsh . . . . . . . . . . . . \rtimes . . . . . . . . . S \S . . . . . . . . . . . . \Sagittarius . . . sans . . . . . . . . . . \Saturn . . . . . . . \saturn . . . . . . . \Scorpio . . . . . . \searrow . . . . . . \sec . . . . . . . . . . \setminus . . . . . . \sharp . . . . . . . . \shortdownarrow \shortleftarrow \shortmid . . . . . . \shortparallel . \shortrightarrow \shortuparrow . . \Sigma . . . . . . . . \sigma . . . . . . . . \sim . . . . . . . . . . \simeq . . . . . . . . \sin . . . . . . . . . . \sinh . . . . . . . . . \smallfrown . . . . \smallsetminus . \smallsmile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 12 12 . 4 . 4 . 8 4, 8 . 13 .. 8 . 15 . 11 .. 8 .. 9 . 15 . 12 .. 9 .. 6 . 10 . 10 . 10 . 10 .. 8 .. 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 14 16 14 13 14 . 4 . 5 . 3 . 5 10 10 . 9 . 9 10 10 . 2 . 2 . 4 . 4 . 5 . 5 . 9 . 9 . 9 \smile . . . . . . . \Smiley . . . . . . \smiley . . . . . . \Snowflake . . . . \spadesuit . . . . special characters \sphericalangle \sqcap . . . . . . . \sqcup . . . . . . . \sqrt . . . . . . . . \sqsubset . . . . . \sqsubseteq . . . \sqsupset . . . . . \sqsupseteq . . . \Square . . . . . . \square . . . . . . \Squaredot . . . . \Squarepipe . . . \SS . . . . . . . . . . \ss . . . . . . . . . . \ssearrow . . . . . \sslash . . . . . . \sswarrow . . . . . \star . . . . . . . . stars . . . . . . . . . stmaryrd . . . . . . \Stopsign . . . . . \Subset . . . . . . \subset . . . . . . \subseteq . . . . . \subseteqq . . . . \subsetneq . . . . \subsetneqq . . . \subsetplus . . . \subsetpluseq . \succ . . . . . . . . \succapprox . . . \succcurlyeq . . \succeq . . . . . . \succnapprox . . \succnsim . . . . . \succsim . . . . . \sum . . . . . . . . . \Sun . . . . . . . . . \sun . . . . . . . . . \sup . . . . . . . . . \Supset . . . . . . \supset . . . . . . \supseteq . . . . . \supseteqq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 4 . . . 15 . . . 12 . . . 15 .... 5 .... 2 .... 8 .... 3 .... 3 .... 6 4, 9, 11 .... 4 4, 9, 11 .... 4 . . . 12 .... 8 . . . 15 . . . 15 .... 2 .... 2 . . . 10 . . . 11 . . . 10 .... 3 . . . 12 10–12 . . . 15 .... 9 .... 4 .... 4 .... 9 . . . 10 . . . 10 . . . 11 . . . 11 .... 4 .... 9 .... 9 .... 4 . . . 10 . . . 10 .... 9 .... 5 . . . 14 . . . 12 .... 5 .... 9 .... 4 .... 4 .... 9 \supsetneq . . \supsetneqq . \supsetplus . \supsetpluseq \surd . . . . . . \swarrow . . . .... .... .... ... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 10 11 11 . 5 . 4 T \talloblong . . . . . . . 11 \tan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \tanh . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \tau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 \Taurus . . . . . . . . . . 14 \Telefon . . . . . . . . . 15 \textacutedbl . . . . . . 6 \textascendercompwordmark ....... 6 \textasciiacute . . . . 6 \textasciibreve . . . . 6 \textasciicaron . . . . 6 \textasciicircum . . . . 3 \textasciidieresis . . 6 \textasciigrave . . . . 6 \textasciimacron . . . . 6 \textasciitilde . . . . 3 \textasteriskcentered 3, 6 \textbackslash . . . . . 3 \textbaht . . . . . . . . . . 6 \textbar . . . . . . . . . . 3 \textbardbl . . . . . . . . 6 \textbigcircle . . . . . 6 \textblank . . . . . . . . . 6 \textborn . . . . . . . . . . 6 \textbraceleft . . . . . 3 \textbraceright . . . . 3 \textbrokenbar . . . . . 6 \textbullet . . . . . . 3, 7 \textcapitalcompwordmark ....... 7 \textcelsius . . . . . . . 7 \textcent . . . . . . . . . . 7 \textcentoldstyle . . . 7 \textcircledP . . . . . . 7 \textcolonmonetary . . 7 textcomp . . . . . 2, 3, 6, 7 \textcopyleft . . . . . . 7 \textcopyright . . . 3, 7 \textcurrency . . . . . . 7 \textdagger . . . . . . 3, 7 21 \textdaggerdbl . . . 3, 7 \textdblhyphen . . . . . 7 \textdblhyphenchar . . 7 \textdegree . . . . . . . . 7 \textdied . . . . . . . . . . 7 \textdiscount . . . . . . 7 \textdiv . . . . . . . . . . 7 \textdivorced . . . . . . 7 \textdollar . . . . . . 3, 7 \textdollaroldstyle . 7 \textdong . . . . . . . . . . 7 \textdownarrow . . . . . 7 \texteightoldstyle . . 7 \textellipsis . . . . . . 3 \textemdash . . . . . . . . 3 \textendash . . . . . . . . 3 \textestimated . . . . . 7 \texteuro . . . . . . . . . . 7 \textexclamdown . . . . 3 \textfiveoldstyle . . . 7 \textflorin . . . . . . . . 7 \textfouroldstyle . . . 7 \textfractionsolidus 7 \textfrak . . . . . . . . . 16 \textgravedbl . . . . . . 7 \textgreater . . . . . . . 3 \textguarani . . . . . . . 7 \textinterrobang . . . . 7 \textinterrobangdown 7 \textlangle . . . . . . . . 7 \textlbrackdbl . . . . . 7 \textleaf . . . . . . . . . . 7 \textleftarrow . . . . . 7 \textless . . . . . . . . . . 3 \textlira . . . . . . . . . . 7 \textlnot . . . . . . . . . . 7 \textlquill . . . . . . . . 6 \textmarried . . . . . . . 6 \textmho . . . . . . . . . . 6 \textminus . . . . . . . . . 6 \textmu . . . . . . . . . . . 6 \textmusicalnote . . . . 6 \textnaira . . . . . . . . . 6 \textnineoldstyle . . . 6 \textnumero . . . . . . . . 6 \textohm . . . . . . . . . . 6 \textonehalf . . . . . . . 6 \textoneoldstyle . . . . 6 \textonequarter . . . . 6 \textonesuperior . . . . 6 \textopenbullet . . . . 6 \textordfeminine . . 3, 7 \textordmasculine . 3, 7 \textparagraph . . . 3, 7 \textperiodcentered 3, 7 \textpertenthousand . 7 \textperthousand . . . . 7 \textpeso . . . . . . . . . . 7 \textpilcrow . . . . . . . 7 \textpm . . . . . . . . . . . 7 \textquestiondown . . . 3 \textquotedblleft . . . 3 \textquotedblright . . 3 \textquoteleft . . . . . 3 \textquoteright . . . . 3 \textquotesingle . . . . 7 \textquotestraightbase ....... 7 \textquotestraightdblbase ....... 7 \textrangle . . . . . . . . 7 \textrbrackdbl . . . . . 7 \textrecipe . . . . . . . . 7 \textreferencemark . . 7 \textregistered . . 3, 7 \textrightarrow . . . . 7 \textrquill . . . . . . . . 7 \textsection . . . . . 3, 7 \textservicemark . . . . 7 \textsevenoldstyle . . 7 \textsixoldstyle . . . . 7 \textsterling . . . . 3, 7 \textsurd . . . . . . . . . . 7 \textswab . . . . . . . . . 16 \textthreeoldstyle . . 7 \textthreequarters . . 7 \textthreequartersemdash ....... 7 \textthreesuperior . . 7 \texttildelow . . . . . . 7 \texttimes . . . . . . . . . 7 \texttrademark . . . 3, 7 \texttwelveudash . . . . 7 \texttwooldstyle . . . . 7 \texttwosuperior . . . . 7 \textunderscore . . . . 3 \textuparrow . . . . . . . 7 \textvisiblespace . . . 3 \textwon . . . . . . . . . . 7 \textyen . . . . . . . . . . 7 \textzerooldstyle . . . 7 \therefore . . . . . . . . . 9 \Theta . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 \theta . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 \thickapprox . . . . . . . 9 \thicksim . . . . . . . . . . 9 \Thorn . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \thorn . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \tilde . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 \times . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 \top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \triangle . . . . . . . . . . 5 \triangledown . . . . . . 8 \triangleleft . . . . . . 3 \trianglelefteq . . . . 9 \trianglelefteqslant 11 \triangleq . . . . . . . . . 9 \triangleright . . . . . 3 \trianglerighteq . . . . 9 \trianglerighteqslant . . . . . . 11 \Tsteel . . . . . . . . . . 15 \TTsteel . . . . . . . . . 15 \twoheadleftarrow . . . 8 \twoheadrightarrow . . 8 \twonotes . . . . . . . . . 12 U \ulcorner . . . . . . . . . . 8 \underbrace . . . . . . . . 6 \underline . . . . . . . . . 6 unity see alphabets, math \unlhd . . . . . . . . . 3, 11 \unrhd . . . . . . . . . 3, 11 \UParrow . . . . . . . . . 12 \Uparrow . . . . . \uparrow . . . . . \Updownarrow . . \updownarrow . . \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \uplus . . . . . . . \Upsilon . . . . . \upsilon . . . . . \upuparrows . . . \Uranus . . . . . . \uranus . . . . . . \urcorner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 5 4, 5 4, 5 4, 5 .. 8 .. 8 .. 3 .. 2 .. 2 .. 8 . 14 . 13 .. 8 V \varangle . . . . . . \varbigcirc . . . . \varcurlyvee . . . \varcurlywedge . \varepsilon . . . . \varhexagon . . . . \varhexstar . . . . variable-sized . . . \varint . . . . . . . \varkappa . . . . . . \varnothing . . . . \varoast . . . . . . \varobar . . . . . . \varobslash . . . . \varocircle . . . . \varodot . . . . . . \varogreaterthan \varoint . . . . . . \varolessthan . . \varominus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 11 11 11 . 2 12 12 . 5 11 . 8 . 8 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 22 \varoplus . . . . . . . \varoslash . . . . . . \varotimes . . . . . . \varovee . . . . . . . \varowedge . . . . . . \varphi . . . . . . . . \varpi . . . . . . . . . \varpropto . . . . . . \varrho . . . . . . . . \varsigma . . . . . . . \varsubsetneq . . . \varsubsetneqq . . \varsupsetneq . . . \varsupsetneqq . . \vartheta . . . . . . . \vartimes . . . . . . . \vartriangle . . . . \vartriangleleft . \vartriangleright \Vdash . . . . . . . . . \vDash . . . . . . . . . \vdash . . . . . . . . . \vdots . . . . . . . . . \vec . . . . . . . . . . . \Vectorarrow . . . . \Vectorarrowhigh . \vee . . . . . . . . . . . \veebar . . . . . . . . \Venus . . . . . . . . . \venus . . . . . . . . . \vernal . . . . . . . . \VHF . . . . . . . . . . . \Virgo . . . . . . . . . \Vvdash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 11 11 11 11 . 2 . 2 . 9 . 2 . 2 10 10 10 10 . 2 11 . 8 . 9 . 9 . 9 . 9 . 4 . 5 . 6 15 15 . 3 . 9 14 13 13 12 14 . 9 W \wasylozenge . . . . . . 12 \wasypropto . . . . . . . 11 wasysym . . . . 3–5, 10–13 \wasytherefore . . . . 12 \wedge . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 \widehat . . . . . . . . . . 6 \widetilde . . . . . . . . . 6 \Womanface . . . . . . . . 15 \Womanfront . . . . . . . 15 \Womanside . . . . . . . . 15 \wp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \wr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 \Writinghand . . . . . . 15 X \XBox . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \Xi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 \xi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Y \Ydown . . yfonts . . . \Yingyang \Yleft . . \Yright . \Yup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z Zapf Chancery . Zapf Dingbats . . \zeta . . . . . . . . zodiacal symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 16 15 11 11 11 . . . . 16 . . . . 13 ..... 2 . 13, 14

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