have had ========== ?The Gulag Archipelago (Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn) - Your Note on page 20 | Location 304 | Added on Saturday, April 2, 2022 11:01:36 PM guilty ========== ?The Gulag Archipelago (Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn) - Your Highlight on page 20 | Location 303-304 | Added on Saturday, April 2, 2022 11:01:36 PM is the true reason for the accusation. When everyone is guilty, all that serves justice is the punishment of everyone; when the guilt extends to the existence of the world’s misery itself, only the fatal punishment will suffice. ========== ?The Gulag Archipelago (Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn) - Your Note on page 22 | Location 328 | Added on Saturday, April 2, 2022 11:04:13 PM famine ========== ?The Gulag Archipelago (Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn) - Your Highlight on page 22 | Location 325-328 | Added on Saturday, April 2, 2022 11:04:13 PM the forced collectivization of the all-too-recently successful peasantry of the Ukraine and elsewhere that preceded the horrifying famines of the 1930s. In the same decade, and in the following years, George Orwell risked his ideological commitments and his reputation to tell us all what was truly occurring in the Soviet Union in the name of egalitarianism and brotherhood ========== ?The Gulag Archipelago (Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn) - Your Note on page 23 | Location 345 | Added on Saturday, April 2, 2022 11:06:19 PM dead ========== ?The Gulag Archipelago (Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn) - Your Highlight on page 22 | Location 337-345 | Added on Saturday, April 2, 2022 11:06:19 PM to still consider that doctrine “progressive,” and fit for the compassionate and proper thinking person? Twenty-five million dead through internal repression in the Soviet Union (according to The Black Book of Communism). Sixty million dead in Mao’s China (and an all-too-likely return to autocratic oppression in that country in the near future). The horrors of Cambodia’s Killing Fields, with their two million corpses. The barely animate body politic of Cuba, where people struggle even now to feed themselves. Venezuela, where it has now been made illegal to attribute a child’s death in hospital to starvation. No political experiment has ever been tried so widely, with so many disparate people, in so many different countries (with such different histories) and failed so absolutely and so catastrophically. Is it mere ignorance (albeit of the most inexcusable kind) that allows today’s Marxists to flaunt their continued allegiance—to present it as compassion and care? Or is it, instead, envy of the successful, in near-infinite proportions? Or something akin to hatred for mankind itself? How much proof do we need? Why do we still avert our eyes from the truth? Perhaps we simply lack ========== ?The Gulag Archipelago (Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn) - Your Note on page 173 | Location 2649 | Added on Thursday, April 7, 2022 12:25:39 AM proverb ========== ?The Gulag Archipelago (Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn) - Your Highlight on page 173 | Location 2649-2649 | Added on Thursday, April 7, 2022 12:25:39 AM Well-fed horses don’t rampage. ========== ?The Gulag Archipelago (Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn) - Your Note on page 576 | Location 8823 | Added on Sunday, April 24, 2022 11:41:02 PM Gorky ========== ?The Gulag Archipelago (Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn) - Your Highlight on page 576 | Location 8821-8823 | Added on Sunday, April 24, 2022 11:41:02 PM Material for this book was also provided by thirty-six Soviet writers, headed by Maxim Gorky, authors of the disgraceful book on the White Sea Canal, which was the first in Russian literature to glorify slave labor. ========== ?The Gulag Archipelago (Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn) - Your Note on page 582 | Location 8913 | Added on Sunday, April 24, 2022 11:42:45 PM the gulag archipelago ========== ?The Gulag Archipelago (Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn) - Your Highlight on page 577 | Location 8838-8913 | Added on Sunday, April 24, 2022 11:42:46 PM Glossary 58er – person convicted of ‘Counter-revolutionary crimes’ under Article 58 of the 1926 Criminal Code, i.e. a political offender. B & C Bolsheviks – Wing of the RSDLP (1903), renamed the All-Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik) after Lenin’s seizure of power in October 1917. Cadet – liberal party of Constitutional Democrats. Central Committee – highest elected body within Communist Party, with extensive permanent Secretariat; cf. Politburo. Cheka (1917–1922) – The Extraordinary Commission ‘for Combatting Counter-Revolution, Profiteering and Corruption’, see Dzerzhinsky. See also GPU, OGPU, NKVD, NKGB (1922–1946); MGB, KGB (1946–1991). Chekist – officer, employee, of Cheka; for serving security service officers a term still linked with a romanticised view of the Soviet regime’s early years. Cf. gepayushnik (GPU, OGPU), enkavaydeshnik (NKVD), and gaybist (NKGB, MGB, KGB). Civil War, 1918–1921 – fought between the ‘Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army’ (see Trotsky), and other forces, national and local, among them the White Movement (see Denikin, Kolchak, Krasnov, Yudenich et al). Collectivisation of agriculture, 1927–1933 – coercion of peasantry to join kolkhoz or collective farms, see dekulakisation. Communists – Bolsheviks; in 1925 the name of their party became the All-Union Communist Party (Bolshevik); in 1952 it changed again to become the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). Congress – five-yearly gathering of Communist Party delegates from all over the USSR. Constituent Assembly, January 1918 – dispersed by Bolshevik-Left SR regime, see Provisional Government. Corrective Labour Camps – see Gulag. D Decembrists – Participants in attempted coup by young military officers on Senate Square in St Petersburg on 14 December 1825, see Volkonskaya, M.N. Dekulakisation, 1929–1932 – dispossession and exile of ‘wealthy’ peasants and their families during the Collectivisation of agriculture. Deported nations (1941–1944) – see Balkars, Chechens, Crimean Tatars, Kalmyks, and Volga Germans (Name and Place Index). F & G Five-Year Plans – 1928–1932; 1933–1937; resumed after the ‘Great Patriotic War’. GPU (1922–1923) – Chief Political Directorate headed by Dzerzhinsky, then Menzhinsky. Great Purges, 1936–1938 – Trials of former Party leaders in Moscow; quotas for arrests and executions throughout the USSR. ‘Great Patriotic War’ (1941–1945) – Soviet-German conflict during Second World War. Gulag – Main administration for corrective-labour Camps. For particular camp complexes and individual camps, e.g. Steplag, Norilsk, Kolyma, Ekibastuz, see Name and Place Index. K & L Katorga – hard-labour regime for convicted offenders under Tsars (see Part Five, Chapter 1). KGB (1954–1991) – Committee for State Security. Komsomol – youth wing of Communist Party, 14–28 age range. Leningrad prisons - Kresty – main remand centre for Leningrad and Northwest Russia; - Big House – Secret Police headquarters in Leningrad since 1934. M Mensheviks – Wing of RSDLP after 1903. MGB (1946–1953) – Ministry for State Security. Moscow prisons - Butyrka – main remand prison; - Lefortovo – detention centre of the secret police; - Lubyanka – Secret Police headquarters from 1918; - Sukhanovka – interrogation and torture centre, 1938 onwards. N & O Nazi-Soviet Pact – 1939–1941. NEP or New Economic Policy, 1921–1927 – temporary return to market relations for small businesses and agriculture. NKGB (1941–1946) – People’s Commissariat for State Security. NKVD (1934–1941) – People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs headed, successively, by Yagoda, Yezhov and Beria. OGPU (1923–1934) – United Chief Political Directorate, see Yagoda. P Party – with a capital P refers to Bolsheviks (Communists) and their Party. People’s Commissariats – all renamed Ministry in 1946. Petrograd Soviet – revival of body created during 1905 Revolution, see Zinoviev. Politburo – most powerful body within Communist Party and USSR. Political Trials – stage-managed by Bolsheviks from 1922 onwards and held, with few exceptions, in Moscow. See Trials. Populists (in 19th century Narodniks) – placed hope for transformation of Russian society on the peasantry; tradition continued after 1902 by the Socialist Revolutionary Party (SRs). Provisional Government – Administration of Russia from February to October 1917 was vested in a temporary body until the elected Constituent Assembly could choose a legitimate successor regime to the Tsars (see Kerensky). Pugachev Insurrection, 1773–1774 – popular uprising led by Cossack Yemelyan Pugachev. R & S Red Terror, 1918 – see Cheka, Dzerzhinsky, Lacis. RSDLP – Russian Social-Democratic and Labour Party, founded in 1898. Second World War, 1939–1945 (cf. ‘Great Patriotic War’). Secret Police – Cheka, GPU, OGPU, NKVD, NKGB, MGB, KGB. SMERSH – lit. ‘Death to spies!’ Wartime State Security organisation. Socialist Revolutionary Party – founded 1902, won largest number of deputies to January 1918 Constituent Assembly. ‘Socially friendly’ – doctrine that workers had more in common with ordinary criminals than with political opponents of the Soviet regime (see Chapter 16, Part Three). Soviets – bodies created in 1917, and subsequently established at district, city, and regional level throughout the USSR (cf. Petrograd Soviet). Special Board (OSO) – extra-judicial body, active during Great Terror. SRs see Socialist Revolutionaries. Supreme Measure (of Punishment) – death penalty. Supreme Soviet – in theory, highest legislative body in the Soviet Union. T Trials - ‘Anti-Soviet Right-Trotskyist Bloc’, August 1938. - ‘Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Centre’, January 1937. - ‘Anti-Soviet Trotskyist-Zinovievite Terrorist Centre’, March 1936. - Menshevik Bureau, 1931. - Promparty (Industrial Party), 1930. - Shakhty Engineers (Donbass), 1928. - Socialist Revolutionaries, 1922. V, W & Z Vladimir Prison – transit prison for those being sent to camps in the Urals, Siberia or the Far East, located in city of that name 250 kms east of Moscow. Winter War, 1940 – invasion of Finland. Zek – from official abbreviation for prisoner, z/k (zaklyuchonny).