Important Biology Notes Condensed
Amoeba Sisters Videos
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis
- DNA, Chromosomes, Genes, and Traits
- DNA vs. RNA
- Protein Synthesis
o Genes are portions of DNA that code for proteins
o Proteins are involved in:
 Transport
 Structure
 Acting as enzymes
 Protecting the body
 And much more…
o DNA
 Noncoding DNA
 Makes up genes that are not activated
 Code for active proteins
o Protein synthesis
 Transcription -> Translation
 Transcription
1. In the nucleus, we transcribe the DNA into a message
2. RNA polymerase connects RNA bases to the DNA creating
mRNA
3. In Eukaryotes, mRNA gets out of the nucleus and into the
cytoplasm to attach to a ribosome to make the protein
through translation
 Ribosomes are made of rRNA
 Translation
4. tRNA (transfer) is in the cytoplasm
 carry an amino acid on them
 amino acid is the monomer for a protein
 tRNA will put these amino acids together to make
the protein and knows which amino acids because
mRNA tells it
5. tRNA will attach 3 bases at a time (anticodon) to three bases
on mRNA (codon)
6. tRNA leaves to get another amino acid while the amino acids
attach connect to each other through a peptide bond