WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS Grade 8 Biotechnology, Quarter 2, Week 3-4 TRADITIONAL BIOTECHNOLOGY Name: ___________________________________________ Section: ____________________ Learning Competency: Discuss techniques or practices used in traditional biotechnology (cheese, soysauce, vinegar making, nata de coco, etc.) Subtasks: 1. Explain traditional biotechnology. 2. Recognize the techniques or practices used in traditional biotechnology 3. Discuss the contribution of traditional biotechnology in ancient time. Key Concept: What is traditional biotechnology? Traditional biotechnology refers to a number of ancient ways of using organisms to make new products or modify existing ones. In its broadest definition, traditional biotechnology can be traced back to human’s transition from hunter-gatherer to farmer. A farmer, humans collected wild plants and cultivated them and the best yielding strains were selected for growing seasons. As humans discovered more plant varieties and trails or characteristics, they gradually became adept at breeding specific plant varieties over several years and sometimes generations, to obtain desired traits such as disease resistance, better taste and higher yield. With the domestication of animals, ancient farmers applied the same breeding techniques to obtain desired traits among animals over generations. Techniques/ practices: Fermentation uses bacteria or fungi such as yeast to change food. Human beings have been using fermentation since time immemorial to make a range of goods. In Genesis, we read about Noah getting drunk on wine for example. This clearly shows that people have been using fermentation over a long time, traditional uses of fermentation include: Use of yeast to make sorghum beer. Other products of fermentation include sour porridge), marula beer (buganu) among others. Mushroom Production is an example of a bioconversion application. Bioconversion refers to the use of microorganisms to convert organic material such as plant or animal waste, into usable products or energy sources. In this case, a spawn of a fungus is grown on organic waste to produce the mushrooms. Mushrooms are a high source of protein and can also be a source of income. The resulting residue can either be used as animal feed stock or used as a soil conditioner. Traditional Selection The farmer examines a population of individuals that show variation for a specific trait. From these, those that meet particular criteria are selected and kept aside to grow a new population which is then maintained. Traditional varieties of crops and animal species have been developed based on this method. In plants, characteristics such as size, colour, taste etc. have been selected for giving us the range of varieties of crops such as Bambara groundnuts (tindlubu), cowpea (tinhlumaya), pumpkin etc. that we know. Traditional breeding and selection A slightly more advanced application is whereby the breeder selects one or a few individuals as above but then crosses these with other individuals in order to incorporate a new trait. In the traditional setting, farmers prefer to mate their cows with large strong bulls in an effort to combine desirable traits into their own herd. Plant and animal breeders often combine traits from other varieties, wild relatives in the same or closely related species using this method. In addition to the gene(s) for the desired trait, other undesirable genes are also dragged along. It then becomes necessary to invest time in weeding these out through repeated backcrossing. Plant tissue culture / in-vitro culture in this application, bits of plant tissue referred to as the explant are grown in laboratory conditions on an artificial medium containing hormones and vitamins. The starting material can be obtained from the leaf, stem, root, buds etc. This offers opportunities for: Reduced contamination of plants, Rapid propagation or multiplication i.e. a large number of plants can be grown from a single individual starting with little amounts of material, Rejuvenation of plants, and, Production of disease free planting material through use of growing tips (apical meristems) which are also cleaned and treated to eliminate viral diseases. Cloning is the term is used by scientists to refer to a range of applications in which copies of a cell or organism are produced from a single ancestor. Clones are therefore genetically identical to each other. Cloning can be used to refer to: Production of a large number of copies DNA or genes, Production of a large number of genetically identical cells, Production of genetically identical individuals by asexual reproduction or artificially. Micropropagation is also a means of cloning. The first animal to be cloned from adult cells was Dolly the sheep. Learning Activities Activity No.1.A: Identify Me!! Directions: Identify which of the following pictures describes traditional biotechnology. Put smiley in the space provided if it describes traditional biotechnology. 1. ___________ 4.____________ 2. ______________ 3. ___________________ 5. _______________ Activity No.2: Explain it!!! Directions: List down and explain briefly the different techniques/practices in traditional biotechnology. Activity No.3: Directions: Select only one technique /practice of traditional biotechnology and explain how it helps the people in ancient times. Assessment Directions: Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter that corresponds to your answer. 1.____________ refers to a number of ancient ways of using organisms to make new products or modify existing ones. a. biotechnology b. traditional biotechnology c. modern biotechnology d. b&c 2. _______ also means cloning. a. traditional breeding b. micropropagation c. genetic engineering d. fermentation 3. It uses fungi to change food. a. traditional breeding b. micropropagation c. genetic engineering d. fermentation 4. Plant and animal breeders often combine traits from other varieties, wild relatives in the same or closely related species using this method. a. traditional breeding b. micropropagation c. genetic engineering d. fermentation 5. It is the production of a large number of copies DNA or genes a. traditional breeding b. micropropagation c. genetic engineering d. fermentation Enrichment: Directions. Based on your own experience, briefly explain the significance of traditional biotechnology in your life. References https://www.internationalairportreview.com/news/123186/tiaca-pharma-aero-covid-19-vaccine-transportationguidance/ https://www.slideshare.net/lhenparungao/traditional-versus-modern-biotechnology-exam-2-coverage https://krishijagran.com/agripedia/entrepreneurship-development-through-spawn-and-mushroom-production-innagaland/ http://allaboutbiotechnology.blogspot.com/2008/06/traditional-biotechnology-vs-new.html http://mymood.altervista.org/learning/learning-english/49-english-for-science/84biotechnology#:~:text=Traditional%20biotechnology%20refers%20to%20ancient,doing%20for%20centuries%3A%20 cloning%20plants. https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1204-ancient-biotechnology Key Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. B B D A B Assessment Activity 3: Answer may vary Activity 2 Techniques Fermentation Mushroom Production Traditional Selection Traditional Breeding and Selection Plant Tissue culture Cloning 4. 2. 1. 3. Activity 1 Answer may vary Explanation 5.
