Flight Operations Regulations - Consolidated
Dictionary
Date
January 2021
Owner
Branch Manager Flight Standards Branch
Responsible Area Manager
Branch Manager Regulation Implementation
Effective Date
January 2021
Review Date
January 2023
Flight Operations Regulations - Consolidated Dictionary
© Civil Aviation Safety Authority
All material presented in this Guidance document is provided under a Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International licence, with the exception of the Commonwealth Coat of Arms
(the terms of use for the Coat of Arms are available from the It's an Honour website). The
details of the relevant licence conditions are available on the Creative Commons website,
as is the full legal code for the CC BY 4.0 license.
Attribution
Material obtained from this document is to be attributed to CASA as:
© Civil Aviation Safety Authority 2021.
.
This document becomes an uncontrolled document when printed. Refer to <Document
Control > for current version.
This document contains guidance material intended to assist CASA officers, delegates and
the aviation industry in understanding the operation of the aviation legislation. However, you
should not rely on this document as a legal reference. Refer to the civil aviation legislation
including the Civil Aviation Act 1988 (Cth), its related regulations and any other legislative
instruments—to ascertain the requirements of, and the obligations imposed by or under, the
law.
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1
Background
Purpose
This document consolidates definitions used across the civil aviation legislation into one easy
to access resource. The document supports the commencement of the flight operations
regulations and represents the definitions from across the legislative suite as it will appear
when those rules commence on 02 December 2021. It includes abbreviations, terms and
phrases from across the following pieces of legislation:
•
Civil Aviation Act 1988 (the Act)
•
Civil Aviation Regulations 1988 (CAR)
•
Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 (CASR)
•
Part 91 (General Operating and Flight Rules) Manual of Standards 2020
•
Part 121 (Australian Air Transport Operations—Larger Aeroplanes) Manual of
Standards 2020
•
Part 133 (Australian Air Transport Operations—Rotorcraft) Manual of Standards 2020
•
Part 135 (Australian Air Transport Operations—Smaller Aeroplanes) Manual of
Standards 2020
•
Part 138 (Aerial Work Operations) Manual of Standards 2020
•
Civil Aviation Safety Amendment (Operations Definitions) Regulations 2019
•
Civil Aviation Legislation Amendment (Parts 103, 105 and 131) Regulations 2019
•
Civil Aviation Legislation Amendment (Flight Operations—Consequential Amendments
and Transitional Provisions) Regulations 2021.
Status of entries
Within this document, entries are identified as being in one of the following groups:
•
existing in the CASR
•
existing in the CAR or the Act
•
added to the CASR
•
repealed from the CAR or the CASR
•
included in a Manual of Standards (MOS).
Existing in CASR
The foundation of this document is the CASR Dictionary.
Existing in CAR and the Act
Where considered suitable, definitions from the CAR or the Act have been included in this
document.
Added to CASR
The development of the flight operations regulations has brought about the need to insert
terms into the CASR dictionary. Because of the iterative nature of regulatory development,
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acronyms, terms and phrases are being added to the CASR dictionary using different pieces
of legislation. In this document, entries might be marked with either the * symbol the # symbol
or the > symbol.
Until the flight operations regulations commence on 02 December 2021, those entries can be
found in the following pieces of legislation:
•
entries marked *
o
•
entries marked #
o
•
Civil Aviation Legislation Amendment (Flight Operations—Consequential
Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Regulations 2021
Civil Aviation Safety Amendment (Operations Definitions) Regulations 2019
entries marked >
o
Civil Aviation Legislation Amendment (Parts 103, 105 and 131) Regulations
2019
These pieces of legislation are temporary and will repeal on 02 December 2021. After that
date, entries will appear in the CASR dictionary.
Repealed from CAR or CASR
The development of the CASR has resulted in regulations being repealed from the CAR,
rendering some defined terms superfluous. Development of the flight operations regulations
also renders some entries in the CASR dictionary superfluous. Some of those terms will be
repealed from the Australian legislation, and some will be replaced by entries in the CASR.
Terms repealed from the CAR or the CASR are marked in blue text and by the inclusion of the
^ symbol.
Included in a Manual of Standards
A Manual of Standards includes a section of definitions that are generally only relevant to that
document. However, where acronyms, terms or phrases are defined elsewhere in the
legislation, but considered necessary or convenient to support a Manual of Standards, they
will be included in that MOS.
When an acronym, term or phrase has been sourced from a Manual of Standards, the
definition is generally only relevant to that document.
Signposted definitions
At times, an acronym, term or phrase will be defined by reference to a document using a
‘signpost’. In this document, a definition that makes use of a signpost will generally be
accompanied by the definition from the signposted document. However, when a definition in
the signposted document is complex, it will not be included.
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2
Source versions
Australian legislation
Available from the Australian Government Federal Register of Legislation.
Title
Reference/Compilation Compilation
No.
date
Cited as
Air Services Regulations
2019
1
06 November
2019
-
Airspace Regulations 2007
3
26 March 2019
-
A New Tax System
(Australian Business
Number) Act 1999
27
01 January 2019
-
Civil Aviation Act 1988
63
07 November
2019
The Act
Civil Aviation Legislation
Amendment (Flight
Operations—Consequential
Amendments and
Transitional Provisions)
Regulations 2021
OPC63970 - A
-
Civil Aviation Legislation
Amendment (Parts 103, 105
and 131) Regulations 2019
1
07 October 2020
-
Civil Aviation Regulations
1988
91
13 August 2020
CAR
Civil Aviation Safety
Amendment (Operations
Definitions) Regulations
2019
2
07 October 2020
-
Civil Aviation Safety
Regulations 1998
88
07 October 2020
CASR Dictionary
Corporations Act 2001
99
23 June 2020
-
Crimes Act 1914
133
20 July 2020
-
Maritime Transport and
Offshore Facilities Security
Act 2003
22
11 May 2018
-
National Vocational
Education and Training
Regulator Act 2011
17
04 September
2020
-
Part 91 (General Operating
and Flight Rules) Manual of
Standards 2020
-
30 November
2020
Part 91 MOS
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Title
Reference/Compilation Compilation
No.
date
Cited as
Part 121 (Australian Air
Transport Operations—
Larger Aeroplanes) Manual
of Standards 2020
-
09 December
2020
Part 121 MOS
Part 133 (Australian Air
Transport Operations—
Rotorcraft) Manual of
Standards 2020
-
14 December
2020
Part 133 MOS
Part 135 (Australian Air
Transport Operations—
Smaller Aeroplanes) Manual
of Standards 2020
-
11 December
2020
Part 135 MOS
Part 138 (Aerial Work
Operations) Manual of
Standards 2020
-
29 October 2020
Part 138 MOS
ICAO Documents and Annexes to the Convention on International
Civil Aviation
Available from the ICAO website.
Title
Edition number
Edition date
Annex 2 Rules of the Air
10
July 2005
Annex 4 Aeronautical Charts
11
July 2009
Annex 8 Airworthiness of Aircraft
12
July 2018
Annex 10 Aeronautical Telecommunications,
Volume I Radio Navigation Aids
7
July 2018
Annex 11 Air Traffic Services
15
July 2018
Annex 15 Aeronautical Information Services
16
July 2018
ICAO Document 8168, (PANS OPS) Aircraft
Operations, Volume 1 Flight Procedures.
6
August 2018
Document 8896 Manual of Aeronautical
Meteorological Practice
12
2019
Document 007 North Atlantic Operations and
Airspace Manual
V.2019-3
July 2019
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3
Definitions
Term
Definition
Source
2D instrument
approach
operation
an instrument approach operation using lateral navigation
guidance only.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
3D instrument
approach
operation
an instrument approach operation using lateral and vertical
navigation guidance.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
83 bis
agreement
an agreement entered into under Article 83 bis of the
Chicago Convention.
The Act
AAIS
means automatic aerodrome information service, and is the
service that, by means of repetitive broadcasts on a
discrete aerodrome frequency, provides current and routine
information for aircraft arriving at, or departing from, the
aerodrome.
Part 91 MOS
ABN (Australian
Business
Number)
has the same meaning as in the A New Tax System
(Australian Business Number) Act 1999.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
A
ABN (Australian Business Number) for an *entity means
the entity’s ABN as shown in the *Australian Business
Register.
Note: The terms above marked with an asterisk are terms defined
within the A New Tax System (Australian Business Number) Act
1999.
ACAS^
an airborne collision avoidance system for an aircraft that is
used to provide information to a pilot of the aircraft for
avoiding a collision with another aircraft.
CAR 262AA
ACAS
airborne collision avoidance system.
Part 121 MOS
accountable
manager, of an
ASAO
the individual appointed by the ASAO who is responsible
for:
(a) ensuring that the ASAO and the ASAO’s
organisation comply with the ASAO’s exposition
and the civil aviation legislation; and
(b) ensuring that the ASAO is able to finance, and has
adequate resources to perform, the ASAO’s
approved functions.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
accelerate stop
distance
available
the length of the take-off run available plus the length of the
stopway.
Part 121 MOS
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
accreditation
an accreditation under Division 101.FA.3 of either of the
following kinds:
(a) an accreditation authorising the holder to operate
excluded RPA, micro RPA and model aircraft;
(b) an accreditation authorising the holder to operate
model aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
accreditation
holder
see regulation 101.374H.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
accurate QNH
has the same meaning as in section 10.06.
Part 91 MOS
a QNH is to be considered accurate only if it is provided by
1 of the following:
(a) AAIS;
(b) ATC;
(c) ATIS;
(d) AWIS;
(e) CA/GRS;
(f) WATIR.
ACN
has the same meaning as in the Corporations Act 2001:
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
ACN (short for “Australian Company Number”) is the
number given by ASIC to a company on registration
Act
the Civil Aviation Act 1988.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
actual landing
distance
the landing distance required for the actual conditions at an
aerodrome using the deceleration devices required to be
used for the landing of an aeroplane.
Part 121 MOS
additional fuel
refer to the MOS applicable to the type of operation.
-
adequate
aerodrome, in
relation to a
flight of an
aeroplane
an aerodrome that complies with the following:
(a) an authorised weather forecast for the aerodrome
must be available for the aeroplane’s estimated
time of use of the aerodrome;
(b) the aerodrome’s services and facilities must be
operational for at least the estimated time of use;
(c) the landing distance available for the aeroplane
must be at least the landing distance required
under these Regulations for the aeroplane’s landing
at the aerodrome;
(d) for an IFR flight—at least one authorised instrument
approach procedure that is suitable for use by the
aeroplane must be operational for at least the
estimated time of use.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
ADF
automatic direction finder.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
adopted in
pursuance of
the Convention
adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organization in
pursuance of Article 37 of the Chicago Convention.
CAR Part 1*
administering
authority, for a
limited category
aircraft
see regulation 132.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
adult
a person who has turned 13.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
adventure flight,
for a limited
category aircraft
see regulation 132.015.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
adventure flight
procedures, for
a limited
category aircraft
see regulation 132.010.
aerial
application
operation
aerial application operation (or application operation)
means:
(a) a flight that is carried out by an aeroplane to apply
application material; and
(b) a flight by an aeroplane that is for, or partly for, 1 or
more of the following:
(i) inspection of a work area;
(ii) pilot training or checking relating to a flight
mentioned in paragraph (a);
(iii) training of a crew member other than the pilot;
(iv) travel from a landing area to a work area and
back;
(v) the carriage of a passenger specified in
regulation 137.135 for a purpose set out in that
administering authority, for a limited category aircraft,
means:
(a) a limited category organisation in relation to the
aircraft; or
(b) if there is no limited category organisation in
relation to the aircraft—CASA.
A flight of a limited category aircraft is an adventure flight if
it is a flight:
(a) on which a passenger is carried; and
(b) that is:
(i) conducted for hire or reward; or
(ii) publicly available.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
adventure flight procedures, for a limited category
aircraft, means procedures for conducting an adventure
flight using the aircraft for which the operator of the aircraft
holds an approval granted by the administering authority for
the aircraft under regulation 132.035.
Regulation 137.010
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
regulation; and
(c) preparation for any activities mentioned in
paragraphs (a) and (b).
aerial
application
operator
a person who holds an AOC that authorises the use of an
aeroplane or a rotorcraft in an aerial application operation.
Part 91 MOS
aerial work
cargo
things (but not persons) carried on an aircraft in an aerial
work operation:
(a) that are not carried as an external load operation;
and
(b) whose carriage is the purpose of, or required for
carrying out the purpose of, the operation.
Part 138 MOS
aerial work
certificate
a certificate issued under regulation 138.040.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
aerial work
certificate holder
is the expression that is used in this MOS to denote an
aerial work operator.
Part 138 MOS
aerial work
operation
see regulation 138.010:
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
138.010 Definition of aerial work operation etc.
(1) An aerial work operation means one or more of the
following (and each of the following is a kind of aerial
work operation):
(a) an external load operation;
(b) a dispensing operation;
(c) a task specialist operation.
(2) An external load operation means carrying or towing
a load outside an aircraft in flight and includes training
for such an operation.
(3) A dispensing operation means dropping or releasing
any substance or object from an aircraft in flight and
includes training for such an operation.
(4) A task specialist operation means carrying out a
specialised activity using an aircraft in flight and
includes training for such an activity.
(5) Despite subregulation (1), an aerial work operation
does not include the following:
(a) a medical transport operation;
(b) an external load operation involving winching a
person, if the operation is conducted as part of an
air transport operation;
(c) glider towing;
(d) a person undertaking a parachute descent;
(e) an aerial application operation (including any
external load operation undertaken as part of that
operation) to apply fire retardants (including water),
or oil or chemical dispersants, if the operation is
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
conducted by a person holding a civil aviation
authorisation under Part 137 to undertake the
operation;
(f) any other aerial application operation;
(g) any other operation of a kind prescribed by the Part
138 Manual of Standards for the purposes of this
paragraph.
aerial work
operator
the holder of an aerial work certificate.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
aerial work
passenger
a person in a class of persons prescribed by the Part 138
Manual of Standards for the purposes of this definition:
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
2.02 Aerial work passengers — classes of persons
(1) The following classes of persons are prescribed for the
definition of aerial work passenger in the CASR
Dictionary:
(a) persons:
(i) present for a purpose, other than mere
convenience or enjoyment, that is reasonably
and closely associated with the purpose of the
operator’s aerial work operations; and
(ii) mentioned in the operations manual in a
section describing:
(A) why the person is present; and
(B) the procedures for the person’s safety and
personal awareness of risks;
Note: Examples of persons mentioned in paragraph (1) (a) include
persons whose absence would be likely to do any of the following:
(a) increase the risks associated with the operation;
(b) make the operation longer in duration;
(c) result in the operation being frustrated or incomplete;
(d) result in training and checking objectives not being
accomplished;
(e) result in safety information not being collected for the
operator’s safety management system.
(f) persons carried on positioning flights
Note: See the definition of positioning flight in subsection 1.04
(6)
(2) The following classes of persons are also prescribed for
the definition of aerial work passenger in the CASR
Dictionary:
(a) persons rescued as part of search and rescue
operations;
(b) restricted persons if the flights are conducted as
part of emergency service operations;
(c) emergency service operation personnel if the flights
are conducted as part of emergency service
operations;
(d) marine pilots, when being transferred to or from
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
ships requiring the services of a marine pilot.
Note: reference to subsection 1.06(4) is a reference to that
subsection in the Part 138 MOS.
aerial work
zone, or AWZ
has the meaning given by section 1.05.
Part 138 MOS
1.05 Aerial work zone (AWZ)
(1) Subject to subsection (3), an aerial work zone (an
AWZ) means the area of land or water:
(a) beneath an aerial work operation in which:
(i) an aircraft is flown below the height, and closer
than the distance, specified in paragraph
91.265 (2) (a) or (3) (a); and
(ii) none of the circumstances mentioned in
subregulation 91.265 (4) applies; and
(b) within which there are, or are likely to be, one or
more of the following:
(i) buildings, other than a building involved in the
operation;
(ii) persons, other than persons involved in the
operation (participants);
(iii) vehicles or vessels, other than the vehicles or
vessels of participants;
(iv) livestock not associated with the operation; and
(c) where one or more of the following events might
occur:
(i) a collision between the aircraft and a building,
or between the aircraft and terrain;
(ii) the falling of any load from the aircraft; and
(d) where, if an event mentioned in paragraph (c) were
to occur, there would be a reasonable risk of:
(i) serious injury or death to a person in the area
(other than the pilot or a participant); or
(ii) serious damage or injury to a building, vehicle,
vessel or livestock in the AWZ (other than a
building on which, or from which, a load is to be
placed or removed, or the vehicle or vessel of a
participant).
Note: The fact of an operation occurring above an area may
attract persons, some in vehicles or vessels, to enter the area as
spectators unless they are properly prohibited. Such an area may
then become an AWZ requiring such persons and vehicles or
vessels to be properly prohibited from entering.
(1) For this instrument, an area may be an AWZ despite
the fact that a person has total control over who may
enter, or be in, the area.
Note: For example, the presence of contiguous or adjacent
buildings not involved in the operation may make an area an AWZ
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
despite the fact that the person for whom the operation is being
carried out otherwise has total control over who may enter or be in
the area of the building that is involved in the operation.
(2) If an area beneath an aerial work operation is not an
AWZ but, in the event of an emergency or a mechanical
failure, the reasonably likely trajectory of an aircraft or
its external load would be over the area, then the area
beneath the aerial work operation is also an AWZ.
aerobatic
manoeuvres
for an aircraft, means manoeuvres of the aircraft that
involve:
(a) bank angles that are greater than 60°; or
(b) pitch angles that are greater than 45°, or are
otherwise abnormal to the aircraft type; or
(c) abrupt changes of speed, direction, angle of bank
or angle of pitch.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
aerodrome
an area of land or water (including any buildings,
installations and equipment), the use of which as an
aerodrome is authorised under the regulations, being such
an area intended for use wholly or partly for the arrival,
departure or movement of aircraft.
The Act
aerodrome
certificate
certificate granted under regulation 139.030.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
aerodrome
control service^
an air traffic control service for aerodrome traffic.
CAR Part 1
aerodrome
control service
has the same meaning as in Annex 11 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Aerodrome control service. Air traffic control service for
aerodrome traffic.
aerodrome
facilities and
equipment
aerodrome
forecast
facilities and equipment, inside or outside the boundaries of
an aerodrome, that are installed or maintained for use by
aircraft operating at the aerodrome.
(a) for an aerodrome in Australian territory — an
authorised weather forecast for the aerodrome
issued by the BOM, that is labelled as a “TAF”; or
(b) for an aerodrome outside Australian territory — an
authorised weather forecast for the aerodrome that
meets the requirements of standard 6.2, Aerodrome
forecasts, in Chapter 6 of ICAO Annex 3,
Meteorological Service for International Air
Navigation.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
aerodrome
manual, for a
certified
aerodrome
the aerodrome manual for the aerodrome required by
regulation 139.045.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
aerodrome
meteorological
minima^
the minimum heights of cloud base and minimum values of
visibility which are determined in pursuance of regulation
257 for the purpose of determining whether an aerodrome
may be used for take-off or landing.
CAR Part 1
aerodrome
operator
(a) for a certified aerodrome—the person who holds
the aerodrome certificate for the aerodrome; or
(b) otherwise—the person who is responsible for the
operation and maintenance of the aerodrome.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
aerodrome
reference point^
in relation to an aerodrome, means the geographical
location of the aerodrome:
(a) determined in accordance with ‘Manual of
Standards Part 139—Aerodromes’; or
(b) specified by a Part 141 operator in its operations
manual, or a Part 142 operator in its exposition.
CAR Part 1
aerodrome
reference point
in relation to an aerodrome, means the geographical
location of the aerodrome:
(a) determined in accordance with the Part 139 Manual
of Standards; or
(b) specified by a Part 141 operator in its operations
manual, or a Part 142 operator in its exposition.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
aerodrome
traffic^
all traffic on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome and all
aircraft flying in the vicinity of an aerodrome.
CAR Part 1
aerodrome
traffic
has the same meaning as in Annex 11 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Aerodrome traffic. All traffic on the manoeuvring area of
an aerodrome and all aircraft flying in the vicinity of an
aerodrome.
Note:— An aircraft is in the vicinity of an aerodrome when it is in,
entering or leaving an aerodrome traffic circuit.
aerodrome
works
any construction or maintenance work on or near the
movement area of an aerodrome that may create an
obstacle or hazard, or restrict the normal take-off and
landing of aircraft, at the aerodrome.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
aerodyne^
an aircraft whose support in flight is derived dynamically
from the reaction on surfaces in motion relative to the air.
CAR Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
aeronautical
data
has the same meaning as in Annex 15 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Aeronautical data. A representation of aeronautical facts,
concepts or instructions in a formalized manner suitable for
communication, interpretation or processing.
aeronautical
data originator
aeronautical
data processing
standards
aeronautical
fixed service
a person who has been given a data product specification
under regulation 175.160 that is in force.
(a) EUROCAE ED-76; or
(b) RTCA/DO-200A.
has the same meaning as in Annex 11 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Aeronautical fixed service (AFS). A telecommunication
service between specified fixed points provided primarily for
the safety of air navigation and for the regular, efficient and
economical operation of air services.
aeronautical
information
has the same meaning as in Annex 15 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Aeronautical information. Information resulting from the
assembly, analysis and formatting of aeronautical data.
Aeronautical
Information
Publication or
AIP
has the same meaning as in the Air Services Regulations
2019.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
aeronautical
mobile radio
service^
a radio service between aircraft radio stations and land
stations and between two or more aircraft radio stations.
CAR Part 1
aeronautical
product
any part or material that is, or is intended by its
manufacturer to be, a part of or used in an aircraft, unless
excluded by the regulations.
The Act
aeronautical
radio operator
certificate
see regulation 64.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
aeroplane^
a power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft deriving its lift in
flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces
remaining fixed under given conditions of flight, but does
not include a power-assisted sailplane.
Aeronautical Information Publication or AIP means the
Aeronautical Information Publication published in
accordance with section 14 [of the Air Services Regulations
2019], as amended from time to time.
aeronautical radio operator certificate means a
certificate granted under regulation 64.030.
CAR Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
aeroplane
a power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft deriving its lift in
flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces
remaining fixed under given conditions of flight, but does
not include a power-assisted sailplane.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
AFCS
automatic flight control system.
Part 138 MOS
AFM
(short for aircraft flight manual) has the same meaning as
flight manual.
Part 91 MOS
agricultural
operations
the broadcasting of chemicals, seeds, fertilizers and other
substances from aircraft for agricultural purposes, including
purposes of pest and disease control.
CAR Part 1
AGL
above ground or water level.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
AIP
see Aeronautical Information Publication.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
AIP Amendment
has the same meaning as in Annex 15 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
AIP Amendment. Permanent changes to the information
contained in the AIP.
AIP responsible
person
for an aeronautical data originator, means a person
appointed by the originator as an AIP responsible person
under regulation 175.445.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
AIP Supplement
has the same meaning as in Annex 15 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
AIP Supplement. Temporary changes to the information
contained in the AIP which are published by means of
special pages.
AIRAC cycle, or
aeronautical
information
regulation and
control cycle
is the system and frequency setting used to regularly
update aeronautical information in relevant aviation
systems, for example, in a navigation database.
AIRAC effective
date
an AIRAC effective date published in ICAO Document
8126.
Part 91 MOS
Note: In accordance with Annex 15, Aeronautical Information
Services (AIS), to the Chicago Convention, the AIRAC cycle
documents and defines a series of common dates, and an
associated standard aeronautical information publication
procedure, for each Convention State, under which aeronautical
information is to be cyclically updated
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Note: AIRAC effective dates are published in the Australian AIP.
airborne
collision
avoidance
system
a system fitted to an aircraft to provide information to its
pilot for avoiding collisions with other aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
airborne
weather radar
system^
a radar system installed in an aircraft for the purpose of
detecting potentially hazardous weather conditions in the
flight path of the aircraft.
CAR Part 1
aircraft
any machine or craft that can derive support in the
atmosphere from the reactions of the air, other than the
reactions of the air against the earth’s surface.
The Act
aircraft
component
means:
(a) any part or equipment for an aircraft that, when
fitted to, or provided in an aircraft may, if it is not
sound or functioning correctly, affect the safety of
the aircraft, its occupants or its cargo or cause the
aircraft to become a danger to person or property;
or
(b) flotation equipment, evacuation equipment, ration
packs, portable breathing apparatus, fire-fighting
equipment, or any other equipment or apparatus,
fitted to, or provided in, an aircraft for use in an
emergency;
but does not include any part, equipment or apparatus
for an aircraft in respect of which a direction is in force
under CAR 2(2).
CAR Part 1
aircraft engineer
licence
any of the following licences granted under regulation
66.025 or 66.026:
(a) subcategory A1;
(b) subcategory A2;
(c) subcategory A3;
(d) subcategory A4;
(e) subcategory B1.1;
(f) subcategory B1.2;
(g) subcategory B1.3;
(h) subcategory B1.4;
(i) category B2;
(j) category C.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
aircraft flight
manual
instructions
for an aircraft, means the following documents and
information provided by the aircraft’s manufacturer or
issued in accordance with a Part 21 approval:
(a) the aircraft’s flight manual;
(b) checklists of normal, abnormal and emergency
procedures for the aircraft;
(c) any operating limitation, instructions, markings and
placards relating to the aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
aircraft log book
a log book kept for the purposes of CAR 50A(1).
CAR Part 1
aircraft
maintenance
record
(a) an aircraft log book; or
(b) an approved alternative maintenance record.
CAR Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
aircraft material
a material (including a fluid) for use in the manufacture,
maintenance, servicing or operation of an aircraft or of an
aircraft component, but does not include an aircraft
component.
CAR Part 1
aircraft
registration
identification
plate
see regulation 45.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
aircraft type
rating
in relation to flight crew, means a type rating prescribed by
a legislative instrument issued under regulation 61.055 or
61.060.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
aircraft welding
authority
an authority granted under CAR 33D.
CAR Part 1
aircraft welding
examination
welding examination:
(a) based on examination materials published by
CASA in a document called ‘Aircraft Welding
Examinations’ as in force from time to time; and
(b) conducted by CASA or an authorised person.
CAR Part 4
air crew
member
a crew member for a flight of an aircraft (other than a flight
crew member) who carries out a function during the flight
relating to the safety of the operation of the aircraft, or the
safety of the use of the aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
air display
organised flying performed before a public gathering,
including the following:
(a) a contest;
(b) an exhibition of aerobatic manoeuvres;
(c) flying in formation;
(d) other aircraft operations associated with the air
display.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
airframe/engine
combination
a combination of an aeroplane model and an engine model,
identified on an aeroplane’s type certification data sheet for
the purposes of extended diversion time operations.
Part 121 MOS
air/ground radio
service
a radio service at an aerodrome that provides information
relating to the aerodrome (including relevant air traffic) to
aircraft operating in the vicinity of the aerodrome.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
airline^
the operator of a regular public transport service.
CAR Part 1
air route
the navigable airspace between two points and the terrain
beneath such airspace identified, to the extent necessary,
for application of flight rules.
The Act
air route and
airway facilities
facilities provided to permit safe navigation of aircraft within
the airspace of air routes and airways, including:
(a) visual and non-visual aids along the air routes and
airways;
(b) visual and non-visual aids to approach and landing
The Act
aircraft registration identification plate, for an aircraft,
means a plate displaying the aircraft’s markings.
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
air security
officer
Source
at aerodromes;
communications services;
meteorological observations;
air traffic control services and facilities; and
flight service services and facilities.
(a) a protective service officer or special protective
service officer of the Australian Federal Police who
is directed by the Commissioner to carry out the
duties of a position of air security officer; or
(b) a person who is:
(i) employed and trained by a foreign government
to travel on aircraft to provide security for
aircraft and their passengers and crew (other
than a person who is employed to provide
exclusive personal protection for 1 or more
individuals travelling on an aircraft); and
(ii) operating in accordance with an arrangement
between the foreign government and the
Australian Government.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
airship
a powered, lighter-than-air aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
air traffic^
aircraft:
(a) in flight; or
(b) operating on the manoeuvring area of an
aerodrome.
CAR Part 1
air traffic
has the same meaning as in Annex 11 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Air traffic. All aircraft in flight or operating on the
manoeuvring area of an aerodrome.
air traffic
control^
(a) AA in its capacity as a provider of air traffic control
services; or
(b) the Defence Force in its capacity as a provider of
air traffic control services; or
(c) a person who provides an air traffic control service
in cooperation with AA in accordance with
paragraph 11(3)(b) of the Air Services Act 1995 or
by arrangement with AA in accordance with
paragraph 11(3)(c) of that Act.
CAR Part 1
air traffic control
Air Traffic Services in its capacity as a provider of air traffic
control services.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
air traffic control
clearance^
an authorisation given by a person performing duty in air
traffic control for an aircraft to proceed under conditions
specified in the authorisation.
CAR Part 1
air traffic control
an authorisation given by a person performing duty in air
CASR Dictionary
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
clearance
traffic control for an aircraft to proceed under conditions
specified in the authorisation.
Part 1*
air traffic control
function
a function described in a paragraph of subregulation
65.075(2).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
air traffic control
instructions^
directions given by a person performing duty in air traffic
control for an aircraft to conduct its flight in the manner
specified in the directions.
CAR Part 1
air traffic control
instructions
directions given by a person performing duty in air traffic
control for an aircraft to conduct its flight in the manner
specified in the directions.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
air traffic
controller
licence^
a licence granted under CAR 102.
CAR Part 1
air traffic control
service^
a service provided for the purpose of:
(a) preventing collisions:
(i) between aircraft; and
(ii) on the manoeuvring area between aircraft and
obstructions; and
(b) expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air
traffic.
CAR Part 1
air traffic control
service
has the same meaning as in Annex 11 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Air traffic control service. A service provided for the
purpose of:
a) preventing collisions:
1) between aircraft, and
2) on the manoeuvring area between
aircraft and obstructions; and
b) expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air
traffic.
air traffic service
service of a kind mentioned in Annex 11, Air Traffic
Services, to the Chicago Convention, other than a certified
air/ground radio service (within the meaning of regulation
139.390) at an aerodrome.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
Air traffic service. A generic term meaning variously, flight
information service, alerting service, air traffic advisory
service, air traffic control service (area control service,
approach control service or aerodrome control service).
Air Traffic
Services
(a) in relation to an air traffic service provided in
Australian-administered airspace—means:
(i) an ATS provider; or
(ii) the Defence Force in its capacity as a provider
of air traffic services; and
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Source
(b) in relation to an air traffic service provided in
airspace that is not Australian-administered
airspace—an air traffic service provider authorised
by the national aviation authority of the relevant
foreign country to provide the air traffic service.
air transport
operation^
see clause 3 of Part 2 of this Dictionary.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
(1) Air transport operation means a passenger transport
operation, or a cargo transport operation, that:
(a) is conducted for hire or reward; or
(b) is prescribed by an instrument issued under
regulation 201.025.
(2) However, an operation conducted for a purpose
mentioned in paragraph 206(1)(a) of CAR is not an air
transport operation.
air transport
operation
see clause 3 of Part 2 of this Dictionary.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
3 Definition of air transport operation
(1) An air transport operation is a passenger transport
operation, a cargo transport operation, or a medical
transport operation, that:
(a) is conducted for hire or reward; or
(b) is prescribed by an instrument issued under
regulation 201.025.
(2) Despite subclause (1), an air transport operation does
not include an aerial work operation.
airway
a designated path in an air route identified by an area of
specified width on the surface of the earth.
The Act
airworthiness
authority
an authority under CAR 33B.
CAR Part 1
airworthiness
directive
see regulation 39.001A.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
39.001A Definitions
airworthiness directive means:
(a) an Australian airworthiness directive; or
(b) for a type certificated aircraft—a foreign State of
Design airworthiness directive issued on or after 1
October 2009; or
(c) for a model of type certificated aircraft that is first
registered in Australia on or after 1 October 2009—
a foreign State of Design airworthiness directive
issued before 1 October 2009 for that model or for
an aeronautical product that is part of, or used in,
that model.
AIS
has the meaning given in Annex 15 to the Chicago
CASR Dictionary
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
Convention.
Part 1
Aeronautical information service (AIS). A service
established within the defined area of coverage responsible
for the provision of aeronautical information/data necessary
for the safety, regularity and efficiency of air navigation.
AIS provider
a person who holds a certificate under regulation 175.055.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
alternate
aerodrome^
an aerodrome specified in the flight plan to which a flight
may proceed when it becomes inadvisable to land at the
aerodrome of intended landing.
CAR Part 1
alternate
aerodrome
has the same meaning as in Annex 2 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Alternate aerodrome. An aerodrome to which an aircraft
may proceed when it becomes either impossible or
inadvisable to proceed to or to land at the aerodrome of
intended landing where the necessary services and
facilities are available, where aircraft performance
requirements can be met and which is operational at the
expected time of use. Alternate aerodromes include the
following:
Take-off alternate. An alternate aerodrome at which an
aircraft would be able to land should this become necessary
shortly after take-off and it is not possible to use the
aerodrome of departure.
En-route alternate. An alternate aerodrome at which an
aircraft would be able to land in the event that a diversion
becomes necessary while en route.
Destination alternate. An alternate aerodrome at which an
aircraft would be able to land should it become either
impossible or inadvisable to land at the aerodrome of
intended landing.
Note: The aerodrome from which a flight departs may also be an
en-route or a destination alternate aerodrome for that flight.
altitude^
the vertical distance of a level or a point, or an object
considered as a point, measured from mean sea level.
CAR Part 1
altitude
has the same meaning as in Annex 2 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Altitude. The vertical distance of a level, a point or an
object considered as a point, measured from mean sea
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
level (MSL).
amateur-built
aircraft
an aircraft described in paragraph 21.191(g).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Paragraph 21.191(g): …an aircraft the major portion of
which has been fabricated and assembled by a person who
undertook the construction project solely for the person’s
own education or recreation.
Amateur Built
Aircraft
Acceptance, or
ABAA
a document given by CASA or an authorised person as a
type approval for an amateur-built aircraft
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
amphibian
an aeroplane that is designed to take off from, and land on,
either land or water.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
AMSL
above mean sea level.
Part 91 MOS
ANZA
is short for Australia New Zealand Aviation.
The Act
ANZA activities
in Australian
territory
in relation to a New Zealand AOC with ANZA privileges,
means the operations in, or flights into or out of, Australian
territory that are authorised by the AOC, to the extent that it
is expressed to be issued under section 11G of the Civil
Aviation Act 1990 of New Zealand.
The Act
ANZA activities
in New Zealand
in relation to an Australian AOC with ANZA privileges,
means the operations in, or flights into or out of, New
Zealand that are authorised by the AOC, to the extent that it
is expressed to be issued for the purposes of the ANZA
mutual recognition agreements.
The Act
ANZA mutual
recognition
agreements (Act
s 3)
The arrangements, identified for the purposes of the
definition of ANZA mutual recognition agreements in
section 3 of the Act, are:
(a) the arrangement set out in the document entitled
‘Arrangement between the Australian and New
Zealand Governments on Mutual Recognition of
Aviation-Related Certification’, signed at Wellington
on 13 February 2007; and
(b) the arrangement set out in the document entitled
‘Operational Arrangement between the Civil
Aviation Safety Authority of Australia and the Civil
Aviation Authority of New Zealand in relation to
mutual recognition of Air Operator Certificates’,
signed on 16 March 2007.
CAR 2AA
AOC
see subsection 3(1) of the Act:
CASR Dictionary
Part 1 and
The Act
AOC means an Air Operator’s Certificate issued under
Division 2 of Part III.
Note: In some provisions AOC is used in the context of a New
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
Zealand AOC with ANZA privileges (which is a document granted
under the Civil Aviation Act 1990 of New Zealand.
APMA
Australian parts manufacturer approval.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
appliance
any instrument, mechanism, equipment, part, apparatus,
appurtenance, or accessory, including communication
equipment, that is used or intended to be used in operating
or controlling an aircraft in flight, is installed in or attached
to the aircraft, and is not part of an airframe, engine or
propeller
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Source FARs section 1.1
application
material
see regulation 137.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
application material means fertiliser, trace elements,
seeds, baits, water, pesticides or other material.
apply
in relation to application material, has the meaning given by
regulation 137.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
apply, in relation to application material, means to drop or
spray the material onto the ground or water.
approach
control service^
an air traffic control service for arriving or departing flights
of aircraft.
CAR Part 1
approach
control service
has the same meaning as in Annex 11 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Approach control service. Air traffic control service for
arriving or departing controlled flights.
approval
(a) an approval under regulation 262AN; or
(b) an approval issued under regulation 145.030 or
147.030 of CASR.
CAR 263
approved
approved by CASA.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
approved ACAS
an ACAS that is authorised in writing by CASA or the
national aviation authority of a recognised country in
accordance with 1 of the following:
(a) (E)TSO-C119c
(b) (E)TSO-C219.
Part 121 MOS
approved
airframe life
for a limited category aircraft: see regulation 132.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
approved airframe life, for a limited category aircraft,
means the airframe life stated in the most recent of the
following:
(a) the aircraft’s approved design;
(b) a variation (if any) of the airframe life by the
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
national aviation authority of the country of the
aircraft’s manufacture;
(c) if the aircraft is an ex-armed forces aircraft—a
variation (if any) of the airframe life by the armed
force that operated the aircraft or for which the
aircraft was manufactured;
(d) a certificate (if any) stating an airframe life for the
aircraft’s airframe given by the administering
authority for the aircraft.
Note: Airframe life may be expressed in a number of ways,
including the amount of operating time, the number of operating
cycles or a calendar period.
approved
alternative
maintenance
record
a record kept for the purposes of CAR 50B(3) or (4).
CAR Part 1
approved
balloon testing
officer
for a flight test for a balloon class endorsement or balloon flight
crew rating, means a person to whom the Director has delegated
CASA’s power under regulation 5.19 or 5.41 to conduct the flight
test.
CAR Part 1
approved cargo
rack
a cargo rack whose fitment and use on a rotorcraft has
been approved for the carriage of aerial work cargo by:
(a) an STC for the rotorcraft; or
(b) an approved engineering order under Subpart 21.M
of CASR, designed for fitment and use of the cargo
rack on the rotorcraft.
Part 138 MOS
approved check
radio operator^
means:
(a) a person who holds:
(i) a commercial (balloon) pilot licence; and
(ii) a flight instructor (balloon) rating; or
(b) a person:
(i) employed by, or working under an arrangement
with, a training and checking organisation
established for the purposes of regulation 217;
and
(ii) approved by the manager of the organisation to
conduct a flight radiotelephone theory
examination and a flight practical test.
CAR Part 5
approved check
radio operator
a person who holds both:
(a) a commercial pilot (balloon) licence; and
(b) a flight instructor (balloon) rating.
CAR Part 5*
approved design
organisation
a person who holds an approval under regulation 21.243
that is in force.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
approved flight
simulator
has the meaning given by regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
approved flight simulator: a flight simulator is an
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
approved flight simulator for a purpose if:
(a) a Part 141 operator’s operations manual, or a Part
142 operator’s exposition, states that the simulator
may be used for the purpose; or
(b) the operator of the simulator holds an approval
under regulation 60.055 to use the simulator for the
purpose; or
(c) the simulator is:
(i) qualified (however described) by the national
aviation authority of a recognised foreign State;
and
(ii) approved for the purpose by the national
aviation authority.
approved form
approved
function, of an
ASAO
approved GNSS
(a) for an application—the form approved by CASA
under subregulation 11.030(3) for the application (if
any); and
(b) for a document other than an application—the form
approved by CASA under regulation 11.018 for the
document (if any).
an aviation administration function mentioned in the ASAO
certificate of the ASAO.
(a) a GNSS system that is authorised in accordance
with 1 of the following:
(i) (E)TSO-C129;
(ii) (E)TSO-C145;
(iii) (E)TSO-C146;
(iv) (E) TSO-C196a; or
(b) a multi-sensor navigation system that:
(i) includes GNSS and inertial integration; and
(ii) is approved in writing by CASA as providing a
level of performance equivalent to a GNSS
system mentioned in paragraph (a).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Part 91 MOS
approved
maintenance
data
see regulation 2A of CAR.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
approved
maintenance
organisation
a Subpart 42.F organisation or a Part 145 organisation.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
approved
provider
(a) a data service provider; or
Part 91 MOS
Note :A data service provider is a person who holds a
certificate under regulation 175.295 of CASR
(b) for a foreign aircraft — a provider of aeronautical
information for performance-based navigation,
approved by the NAA of the State of registration or
State of operator, of the foreign aircraft.
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
approved
system of
certification of
completion of
maintenance
a system of certification of completion of maintenance for
which an approval under CAR 42ZG is in force.
CAR Part 1
approved
system of
maintenance
for an Australian aircraft, means a system of maintenance
for the aircraft that has been approved under CAR 42M,
including any changes to the program that have been
approved under CAR 42R.
CAR Part 1
approved
TCAS^
an approved TCAS II or TCAS II Version 7.1.
CAR 262AA
approved TCAS
II^
TCAS that complies with TSO-C119b or EASA CS ETSOC119b.
approved TCAS
II Version 7.1^
TCAS that complies with TSO-C119c or EASA CS ETSOC119c.
CAR 262AA
CAR 262AA
apron^
that part of an aerodrome to be used:
(a) for the purpose of enabling passengers to board, or
disembark from, aircraft;
(b) for loading cargo on to, or unloading cargo from,
aircraft; or
(c) for refuelling, parking or carrying out maintenance
on aircraft.
CAR Part 1
apron
has the same meaning as in Annex 11 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Apron. A defined area, on a land aerodrome, intended to
accommodate aircraft for purposes of loading or unloading
passengers, mail or cargo, fuelling, parking or maintenance.
APU
auxiliary power unit.
Part 91 MOS
Part 133 MOS
Part 135 MOS
area control
service^
an air traffic control service for flights of aircraft in control
areas.
CAR Part 1
area control
service
has the same meaning as in Annex 11 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Area control service. Air traffic control service for
controlled flights in control areas.
area navigation
a method of navigation which permits aircraft operations on
any desired flight path within:
(a) the coverage of ground or space-based navigation
aids; or
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
(b) the limits of the capability of self-contained
navigation aids; or
(c) a combination of paragraphs (a) and (b).
Note: Area navigation includes PBN as well as other operations
that do not meet the definition of PBN.
area QNH
an altimeter setting that is:
(a) issued by the BOM; and
(b) representative, to within ±5 hPa, of any actual QNH
of any location within a QNH area (however
described), or a subdivision of such an area,
published in the AIP.
Note: For QNH areas, see the Planning Chart Australia, as
contained in the AIP.
Part 91 MOS
ARFFS provider
has the meaning given by subregulation 139.705(1).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
ARFFS provider for an aerodrome means the person or
organisation that provides ARFFS for the aerodrome.
ARN or Aviation
Reference
Number
the unique identifier assigned to a person by CASA for the
purposes of CASA’s records.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
article
manufacturer
see paragraph 21.601(2)(e).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
ASAO
(short for approved self-administering aviation organisation)
a person who holds an ASAO certificate that is in force.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
ASAO certificate
a certificate issued by CASA under regulation 149.075.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
ASAO
enforcement
power
the power to vary, suspend or cancel an authorisation
issued by an ASAO other than at the request of the
authorisation holder.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
AS/NZS
a reference to AS/NZS followed by a number and a year is
a reference to the Australian/New Zealand Standard of that
number, published jointly in that year by, or on behalf of,
Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
ATC
air traffic control.
Part 91 MOS
Part 133 MOS
ATC licence
an air traffic controller licence granted under Part 65.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
ATIS
for an aerodrome, means an automatic terminal information
service which provides current, routine information to
arriving and departing aircraft, by means of continuous and
repetitive broadcasts during the hours when the unit
responsible for the service is in operation.
Part 91 MOS
ATS
Air Traffic Services.
Part 91 MOS
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
Part 133 MOS
Part 135 MOS
ATSO
see paragraph 21.601(2)(a).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
ATSO (short for Australian Technical Standard Order) is a
minimum performance standard prescribed by the Part 21
Manual of Standards for specified articles used on civil
aircraft.
ATSO
authorisation
see paragraph 21.601(2)(b).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
21.601 Applicability
an ATSO authorisation is:
(i) a CASA design and production approval issued
to the manufacturer of an article that has been
found to meet a specific ATSO, ETSO or TSO;
or
(ii) a CASA production approval issued to the
manufacturer of an article manufactured in
accordance with an FAA letter of TSO design
approval.
ATS provider
has the meaning given by regulation 172.015.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
An ATS provider is a person approved, under Subpart
172.F, to provide the air traffic services that are covered by
the approval.
ATS routes
has the same meaning as in Annex 4 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
ATS route. A specified route designed for channelling the
flow of traffic as necessary for the provision of air traffic
services.
Note 1.— The term ATS route is used to mean variously, airway,
advisory route, controlled or uncontrolled route, arrival or
departure route, etc.
Note 2.— An ATS route is defined by route specifications that
include an ATS route designator, the track to or from significant
points (waypoints), distance between significant points, reporting
requirements and, as determined by the appropriate ATS
authority, the lowest safe altitude.
ATS training
provider
has the meaning given by regulation 143.015.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
An ATS training provider is a person approved, under
Subpart 143.F, to provide the training relating to air traffic
services that is covered by the approval.
Australianadministered
has the same meaning as in the Air Services Act 1995.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
airspace
Australian‑administered airspace means:
(a) the airspace over Australian territory; and
(b) airspace that has been allocated to Australia by
ICAO under the Chicago Convention and for which
Australia has accepted responsibility; and
(c) airspace administered by Australia at the request of
another country.
Australian
aircraft
Source
(a) aircraft registered in Australia; and
(b) aircraft in Australian territory, other than foreign
registered aircraft and state aircraft.
The Act
Note: Some references to Australian aircraft may be. affected by
the operation of section 4A
Australian air
transport AOC
has the meaning given by subregulation 119.015(1).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
An Australian air transport AOC is an AOC that
authorises the operation of an aeroplane or rotorcraft for an
Australian air transport operation.
Australian air
transport
operation
has the meaning given by regulation 119.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
(1) An operation is an Australian air transport operation
if the operation is any of the following:
(a) an air transport operation conducted by an
Australian operator using a registered aeroplane or
rotorcraft;
(b) an air transport operation:
(i) that is a flight into or out of Australian territory
or an operation in Australian territory; and
(ii) that is conducted by an Australian operator
using an aeroplane or rotorcraft that is a foreign
registered aircraft;
(c) an air transport operation:
(i) that is conducted by an Australian operator
using an aeroplane or rotorcraft; and
(ii) that is provided for under the ANZA mutual
recognition agreements;
(d) an air transport operation conducted by a foreign
operator:
(i) using an aeroplane or rotorcraft that is a foreign
registered aircraft; and
(ii) undertaken wholly within Australia; and
(iii) not undertaken as part of a flight into or out of
Australian territory;
(e) an operation, conducted using an aeroplane or
rotorcraft, of a kind prescribed by the Part 119
Manual of Standards for the purposes of this
paragraph.
(2) However, each of the following is not an Australian air
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
transport operation:
(a) the operation of an aeroplane or rotorcraft under a
permission under:
(i) section 25 (non-scheduled flights by foreign
registered aircraft) of the Act; or
(ii) section 27A (permission for operation of foreign
registered aircraft without AOC) of the Act;
(b) an air transport operation authorised by a New
Zealand AOC with ANZA privileges that is in force
for Australia;
(c) an operation of an aircraft to which Part 129
(foreign air transport operations) of these
Regulations applies.
Note: See Part 129 for provisions relating to foreign operators
conducting flights into or out of Australian territory, or flights wholly
within Australian territory that are conducted as part of flights into
or out of Australian territory.
Australian air
transport
operator
has the meaning given by subregulation 119.015(2).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
Australian AOC
with ANZA
privileges
an AOC that is expressed, wholly or partly, to be issued for
the purposes of the ANZA mutual recognition agreements
(see subsections 27(2AA) to (2AC)).
The Act
Australian
balloon
a balloon that is an Australian aircraft.
CAR Part 5
Australian Civil
Aircraft Register
the register established and maintained under regulation
47.025.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Australian FIR
has the meaning given to flight information region in the
Airspace Regulations 2007.
Part 91 MOS
An Australian air transport operator is a person who
holds an Australian air transport AOC.
flight information region means airspace to which a
determination under subparagraph 5(1)(a)(ii) applies.
Australian
nationality mark
see regulation 45.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Australian nationality mark means the capital letters “VH”.
Australian
operator
an operator whose principal place of business, or whose
place of permanent residence, is in Australian territory.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Australian Parts
Manufacturer
Approval or
APMA
an Australian Parts Manufacturer Approval issued under
subregulation 21.303(9) or subregulation 21.305A(2).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Australian
territory
(a) the territory of Australia and of every external
Territory;
(b) the territorial sea of Australia and of every external
The Act
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
Territory; and
(c) the air space over any such territory or sea.
authorised^
authorised by CASA or by a person, or a person included in
a class of persons, appointed by CASA to give the authority
concerned.
CAR Part 1
authorised
aeronautical
information
for a flight of an aircraft, means the aeronautical maps,
charts and other aeronautical information relevant to the
route of the flight, and any probable diversionary route, that
are published:
(a) if paragraph (b) does not apply:
(i) in the AIP; or
(ii) by a data service provider; or
(iii) in NOTAMs; or
(b) for a flight in a foreign country:
(i) in the document that in that country is
equivalent to the AIP; or
(ii) by an organisation approved to publish
aeronautical information by the national
aviation authority of that country.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
authorised
balloon flight
instructor
a person who:
(a) holds a current flight instructor (balloon) rating; and
(b) either:
(i) is the holder of an AOC that authorises balloon
flying training; or
(ii) is employed to instruct by, or instructs under an
arrangement with, a person who is the holder of
an AOC that authorises balloon flying training.
CAR Part 5
authorised data
service activity
for a data service provider, means a data service activity
mentioned in the data service provider’s certificate issued
under regulation 175.295.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
authorised
instrument
approach
procedure
(a) for an aerodrome other than an aerodrome in a
foreign country—an instrument approach procedure
that is:
(i) designed by a certified designer or authorised
designer, and published in the AIP or given to
CASA under Part 173; or
(ii) prescribed by an instrument issued under
regulation 201.025 for this paragraph; or
(b) for an aerodrome in a foreign country—an
instrument approach procedure that is authorised
by the national aviation authority of the country.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
authorised
instrument
departure
procedure
(a) for an aerodrome other than an aerodrome in a
foreign country—an instrument departure
procedure that is:
(i) designed by a certified designer or authorised
designer, and published in the AIP or given to
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
CASA under Part 173; or
(ii) prescribed by an instrument issued under
regulation 201.025 for this paragraph; or
(b) for an aerodrome in a foreign country—an
instrument departure procedure that is authorised
by the national aviation authority of the country.
authorised
officer
an officer authorised by CASA in writing to act under the
provision in which the expression occurs.
The Act
authorised
Part 141 flight
training
see regulation 141.015.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
authorised Part
142 activity
see regulation 142.015.
Authorised Part 141 flight training, for a Part 141
operator, is Part 141 flight training mentioned in the
operator’s Part 141 certificate.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
An authorised Part 142 activity, for a Part 142 operator, is
a Part 142 activity mentioned in the operator’s Part 142
authorisation.
authorised
person^
for the purposes of a provision of CAR in which that
expression occurs, means:
(a) a person appointed under regulation 6 to be an
authorised person for the purposes of that firstmentioned provision; or
(b) a person included in a class of persons appointed
under regulation 6 to be authorised persons for the
purposes of that first-mentioned provision.
CAR Part 1
authorised
person^
for a provision of CASR in which the expression occurs,
means a person who is appointed under regulation 201.001
to be an authorised person for these regulations or the
provision.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
authorised
person
a person who is appointed under regulation 201.001 to be
an authorised person in relation to whichever of the
following is applicable:
(a) CASR;
(b) a particular provision of CASR;
(c) CAR;
(d) a particular provision of CAR.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
authorised
release
certificate
has the meaning given by clause 18 of Part 2 of this
Dictionary.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
(1) For the purposes of CAR:
authorised release certificate, for an aircraft
component, means a document that complies with
regulation 42WA of CAR.
(2) For the purposes of CASR:
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
authorised release certificate, for an aeronautical
product, means:
(a) if maintenance has not been carried out on the
product since its manufacture, and the manufacture
of the product was permitted by or under Part 21—
a document:
(i) issued by the manufacturer of the product; and
(ii) that includes a statement to the effect that the
product is serviceable, within the meaning
given by subregulation 42.015(1); or
(b) if maintenance has not been carried out on the
product since its manufacture, and the manufacture
of the product was permitted by the law of a foreign
country—a document of a kind specified in the Part
42 Manual of Standards as being equivalent to a
document mentioned in paragraph (a); or
(c) if maintenance has been carried out on the product
under these Regulations—a certificate of release to
service for the product in relation to the
maintenance issued under Division 42.H.4 that is in
the approved form; or
(d) if maintenance has been carried out on the product
under the law of a foreign country—a document of
a kind specified in the Part 42 Manual of Standards
as being equivalent to a document mentioned in
paragraph (c).
Note 1: For paragraph (a), Part 21 permits the manufacture of
aeronautical products in a number of ways, including under
APMAs, ATSO authorisations, type certificates and production
certificates.
Note 2: For paragraph (c):
(a) a certificate of release to service for an aeronautical
product in relation to maintenance carried out on an
aeronautical product that is not in-house maintenance
must be in the approved form: see subregulation
42.810(1); and
(b) a certificate of release to service for an aeronautical
product in relation to in-house maintenance carried out
on an aeronautical product must either be in the
approved form or be in the form of an in-house release
document: see subregulation 42.810(2)
authorised
weather forecast
(a) other than in a foreign country—a weather forecast
made by the Bureau of Meteorology for aviation
purposes; or
(b) in a foreign country —a weather forecast made by a
person or body that holds an authorisation
(however described), granted by an authority of the
country, to provide weather forecasts for aviation
purposes.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
authorised
weather report
Definition
Source
(a) other than in a foreign country—a weather report
made by:
(i) the Bureau of Meteorology for aviation
purposes; or
(ii) an individual who holds a certificate from the
Bureau of Meteorology to give weather reports
for aviation purposes; or
(iii) an automatic weather station at an aerodrome
that is approved by the Bureau of Meteorology
as an automatic weather station for the
aerodrome; or
(iv) an automatic broadcast service published in the
AIP; or
(v) an individual who holds a pilot licence; or
(vi) a person appointed by an aerodrome operator
to make runway visibility assessments under
the Part 139 Manual of Standards; or
(vii) a person included in a class of persons
specified in the AIP for this subparagraph; or
(b) in a foreign country—a weather report made by a
person or body that holds an authorisation
(however described), granted by an authority of the
country, to provide weather reports for aviation
purposes.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
authority
(a) an airworthiness authority; or
(b) an aircraft welding authority;
under Division 3 of Part 4.
CAR 263
authority of the
includes:
(a) the Defence Force
(b) the Australian Federal Police
(c) a body, whether incorporated or not, established for
public purposes by or under a law of the
Commonwealth or of a Territory
(d) the holder of an office established for public
purposes by or under a law of the Commonwealth
or of a Territory; and
(e) a company in which the whole of the shares or
stock, or shares or stock carrying more than half
the voting power, is or are owned by or on behalf of
the Commonwealth.
The Act
(1) In this Division:
automatic ELT is an ELT that meets the requirements
in:
(a) section 26.49; and
(b) subsection (2).
(2) For paragraph (b), the ELT:
(a) must be automatically activated on impact; and
Part 91 MOS
(applies to Part 121
MOS, Part 133
MOS, Part 135
MOS)
Commonwealth
automatic ELT
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
(b) must be 1 of the following types:
(i) a type authorised by the FAA or EASA in
accordance with (E)TSO-C126;
(ii) a type authorised by EASA in accordance with:
(A) ETSO-2C91a for operation on 121.5 MHz;
and
(B) ETSO-2C126 for operation on 406 MHz;
(iii) a type approved under Part 21 of CASR as
having a level of performance equivalent to a
type of transmitter mentioned in subparagraph
(i) or (ii).
Note: for section 24.69 see ELT
automatic flight
control system
is a system which integrates the functionality of the
autopilot, the flight director, the flight management and
navigation system and other systems fitted to an aircraft.
Part 138 MOS
aviation
administration
and
enforcement
rules
the rules required by regulation 149.290.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
rules that provide for the following:
(a) the process for applying for an authorisation from
the ASAO to undertake an activity administered by
the ASAO, including the information that must be
included in the application;
(b) the eligibility criteria for the issuing of an
authorisation by the ASAO to undertake an activity
administered by the ASAO;
(c) conditions that may be attached to an authorisation
issued by the ASAO;
(d) procedures relating to the variation, suspension and
cancellation of authorisations at the authorisation
holder’s request;
(e) procedures relating to the internal review of
decisions made by the ASAO;
(f) if the ASAO is authorised to exercise ASAO
enforcement powers:
(i) the circumstances in which those powers may
be exercised; and
(ii) procedures relating to the exercise of those
powers;
(g) procedures that require safe conduct by
authorisation holders at all times;
(h) measures for providing an authorisation holder with
preventative, corrective or remedial solutions to
identified training or skills deficiencies;
(i) any disciplinary action that may be undertaken by
the ASAO in relation to authorisation holders;
(j) an effective and appropriate review process in
relation to any preventative, corrective, remedial or
disciplinary action undertaken by the ASAO;
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
(k) any other matter prescribed by the Part 149 Manual
of Standards.
aviation
administration
function
(a) exercising ASAO enforcement powers; or
(b) a function prescribed by the Part 149 Manual of
Standards.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
aviation
authority^
(a) in relation to Australia—CASA; and
(b) in relation to any other country—the authority that
has responsibility for regulating the airworthiness
standards of civil aircraft in the country.
CAR Part 1
aviation distress
signal
any of the signals described in section 1.1, Distress signals,
of Appendix 1 to Annex 2, Rules of the Air, to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
The following signals, used either together or separately,
mean that grave and imminent danger threatens, and
immediate assistance is requested:
(a) a signal made by radiotelegraphy or by any other
signalling method consisting of the group SOS (. .
.———. . . in the Morse Code);
(b) a radiotelephony distress signal consisting of the
spoken word MAYDAY;
(c) a distress message sent via data link which
transmits the intent of the word MAYDAY;
(d) rockets or shells throwing red lights, fired one at a
time at short intervals;
(e) a parachute flare showing a red light.
Note.— Article 41 of the ITU Radio Regulations (Nos. 3268, 3270
and 3271 refer) provides information on the alarm signals for
actuating radiotelegraph and radiotelephone auto-alarm systems:
3268 The radiotelegraph alarm signal consists of a series of
twelve dashes sent in one minute, the duration of each dash being
four seconds and the duration of the interval between consecutive
dashes one second. It may be transmitted by hand but its
transmission by means of an automatic instrument is
recommended.
3270 The radiotelephone alarm signal consists of two substantially
sinusoidal audio frequency tones transmitted alternately. One tone
shall have a frequency of 2 200 Hz and the other a frequency of 1
300 Hz, the duration of each tone being 250 milliseconds.
3271 The radiotelephone alarm signal, when generated by
automatic means, shall be sent continuously for a period of at
least thirty seconds but not exceeding one minute; when
generated by other means, the signal shall be sent as
continuously as practicable over a period of approximately one
minute.
aviation English
language
see regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
proficiency
assessment
aviation English language proficiency assessment
means an aviation English language proficiency
assessment conducted under regulation 61.255.
aviation safety
radio frequency
a radio frequency that is published in the AIP or NOTAMs
and covered by any of the subparagraphs of
paragraph 91.625(1)(a).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
aviation safety
standards
standards relating to the following:
(a) the flight crews engaged in operations of aircraft;
(b) the design, construction, maintenance, operation
and use of aircraft and related equipment;
(c) the planning, construction, establishment, operation
and use of aerodromes;
(d) the establishment and use of airspace;
(e) the planning, construction, establishment,
maintenance, operation and use of:
(i) services and facilities of the kind covered by
paragraph 8(1)(a) of the Air Services Act 1995;
and
(ii) services of the kind referred to in paragraph
6(1)(b) of the Australian Maritime Safety
Authority Act 1990 to the extent that those
services use aircraft;
and any construction associated with those facilities
or services;
(f) the personnel engaged in:
(i) the maintenance of aircraft and related
equipment; or
(ii) anything referred to in paragraph (c) or (e)
The Act
aviation security
a combination of measures and human and material
resources intended to safeguard civil aviation against acts
of unlawful interference.
The Act
avoid area of
the HV curve
of a rotorcraft, means the area delineated on the
height-velocity diagram in the AFM, that shows parameters
within which operations of the rotorcraft should be avoided.
Part 91 MOS
Part 133 MOS
Part 138 MOS
AWIS or
automated
weather
information
service
an aerodrome weather information service, provided by an
aerodrome operator:
(a) that provides actual weather conditions at the
aerodrome, via telephone or broadcast; and
(iii) the data for which is obtained from an AWS
operated or approved by the BOM.
Part 91 MOS
AWS
automatic weather station.
Part 91 MOS
AWZ-RA
a risk assessment for an AWZ.
Part 138 MOS
an unpowered, lighter-than-air aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
B
balloon
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
Part 1
balloon class
endorsement
an endorsement that authorises its holder to fly balloons
included in a particular class of balloon.
CAR Part 5
balloon flight
crew licence
see regulation 5.08.
CAR Part 5
balloon flight crew licence means one of the following:
(a) a commercial pilot (balloon) licence;
(b) a flight radiotelephone operator licence.
balloon flight
crew rating
a rating of a kind mentioned in regulation 5.13.
CAR Part 5
The holder of a commercial pilot (balloon) licence or a CAR
certificate of validation for an overseas balloon
authorisation that is equivalent to a commercial pilot
(balloon) licence may apply to CASA for the issue of either
or both of the following balloon flight crew ratings:
(a) a flight instructor (balloon) rating;
(b) a balloon grade of night VFR rating.
balloon flight
notification
requirements
see subregulation 131.345(1).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1>
balloon flight
preparation
(weather
assessments)
requirements
see subregulation 131.340(1).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1>
balloon flying
school
a school for which there is an AOC that authorises the
school to conduct balloon flying training.
CAR Part 5
balloon flying
training
any training given during flight time in a balloon for the
purpose of increasing a person’s skill in flying the balloon.
CAR Part 5
balloon
proficiency
check^
a check:
(a) that tests the aeronautical skills and aeronautical
knowledge relevant to balloon flight of the person
undertaking the check; and
(b) that is required by subregulation 217(2).
CAR Part 5
balloon
proficiency
check
a check that tests the aeronautical skills and aeronautical
knowledge relevant to balloon flight of the person
undertaking the check.
CAR Part 5*
BECMG
in relation to a weather forecast, has the same meaning as
in ICAO Document 8896.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
BECMG (abbreviation for “becoming”) — this change
indicator describes changes where the conditions are
expected to reach or pass specified values at a regular or
irregular rate.
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
belly hook
a hook that:
(a) is attached to the underside of a rotorcraft in
accordance with the AFM; and
(b) if a Class D external load is carried — either:
(i) is certified by its manufacturer for the carriage
of such a load; or
(ii) complies with the standard approved in writing
by CASA for the carriage of such a load
Part 138 MOS
Note: For example, CASA may approve a standard so that a belly
hook may be used for a Class D external load where there is a
supplementary type certificate (STC) for a change to the rotorcraft
made by someone other than the original equipment manufacturer
(OEM).
BKN
in relation to amounts of cloud, has the same meaning as in
ICAO Document 8896.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
ICAO Document 8896 refers to BKN as 5-7 oktas of cloud.
“Okta” is a standard unit of measurement for cloud cover.
Board
the Board of CASA.
The Act
BOM
the Bureau of Meteorology.
Part 91 MOS
cabin crew
member^
in relation to an aircraft, means a crew member, other than
a flight crew member, who performs, in the interests of the
safety of the aircraft’s passengers, duties assigned by the
operator or the pilot in command of the aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
cabin crew
member
a crew member who performs, in the interests of the safety
of an aircraft’s passengers, duties assigned by the operator
or the pilot in command of the aircraft, but is not a flight
crew member.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
cabin training
device
a device that simulates an aeroplane or part of an
aeroplane.
Part 121 MOS
CAO
Civil Aviation Order.
Part 91 MOS
car^
in relation to a lighter-than-air aircraft, means basket
whenever, in the case of any particular type of such aircraft,
a basket is a constructional feature of that type.
CAR Part 1
CAR
the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
CAR certificate
of validation
a certificate issued under regulation 5.27.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1>
cargo^
things other than passengers carried in aircraft.
CAR Part 1
cargo^
things other than persons carried in an aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
C
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Term
Definition
Source
cargo
things other than persons carried, or to be carried, on an
aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
cargo transport
operation
(a) means an operation of an aircraft that involves the
carriage of cargo and crew only; but
(b) does not include the following:
(i) an operation conducted for the carriage of the
possessions of the operator or the pilot in
command for the purpose of business or trade;
(ii) a medical transport operation.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
carry-on
baggage
baggage or personal effects carried on, or to be carried on,
to an aircraft by:
(a) a passenger on the aircraft or a member of the
aircraft’s crew; or
(b) an employee of the aircraft operator on behalf of a
passenger or crew member.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
carry-on
baggage
baggage or personal effects taken into, or to be taken into,
the cabin of an aircraft, for carriage on the aircraft, by:
(a) a person (including a crew member of the aircraft)
travelling on the aircraft; or
(b) a member of the personnel of the operator of the
aircraft on behalf of a person mentioned in
paragraph (a).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
CASA
the Civil Aviation Safety Authority established by this Act.
The Act
CASA flying
operations
inspector
person employed by CASA as:
(a) a flying operations inspector (however described);
or
(b) a senior flying operations inspector (however
described).
CAR Part 5
CASA
maintenance
schedule
the schedule of maintenance set out in Schedule 5.
CAR Part 1
CASA system of
certification of
completion of
maintenance
the system of certification of completion of maintenance set
out in Schedule 6.
CAR Part 1
CASR
the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
CASR
Dictionary
the Dictionary under regulation 1.004 of CASR.
Part 91 MOS
CAT
category.
Part 91 MOS
category
in relation to the type certification of aircraft, means a
grouping of aircraft based upon intended use and operating
limitations (for example, transport, normal, utility, acrobatic,
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
limited, restricted and provisional).
Source FARs section 1.1 modified.
category A
Category A, in relation to a rotorcraft, means a multi-engine
rotorcraft that is:
(a) designed with engine and system isolation features
stated for Category A requirements in any of the
following:
(i) Part 27 of the Federal Aviation Regulations
(FARs);
(ii) Part 29 of the FARs;
(iii) EASA CS — 27;
(iv) EASA CS — 29;
(v) an equivalent airworthiness certification code of
a Contracting State; and
(b) capable of operation using scheduled take-off and
landing data under a critical engine failure concept,
which assures adequate designated ground or
water area and adequate performance capability for
continued safe flight or safe rejected take off in the
event of engine failure, as mentioned in the
rotorcraft’s flight manual.
Part 91 MOS
Note: This definition is based on the ICAO, FAA and EASA
definitions of the term Category A in relation to rotorcraft.
Category A
performance
for a rotorcraft operation, means the 1 engine inoperative
performance (as derived from the rotorcraft flight manual)
from which the pilot in command determines the most
critical maximum weight that enables the rotorcraft to avoid
all obstacles and complete its operation.
Part 91 MOS
Category A
rotorcraft
a rotorcraft that:
(a) meets each of the requirements stated in the
definition Category A; and
(b) is type-certificated in accordance with any of the
following:
(i) Part 27 of the FARs;
(ii) Part 29 of the FARs;
(iii) EASA CS — 27;
(iv) EASA CS — 29;
(v) an equivalent airworthiness certification code of
a Contracting State.
Part 91 MOS
Category B
rotorcraft
a rotorcraft that is not capable of operations as a Category A
rotorcraft in accordance with paragraph (b) of the definition of
Category A.
Part 91 MOS
category of
aircraft
see regulation 61.010 of CASR
Part 138 MOS
Each of the following is a category of aircraft:
(a) aeroplane;
(b) helicopter;
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Source
(c) powered-lift aircraft;
(d) gyroplane;
(e) airship.
ceiling^
the height above the ground or water of the base of the
lowest layer of cloud below twenty thousand feet covering
more than one-half of the sky.
CAR Part 1
ceiling
has the same meaning as in Annex 2 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Ceiling. The height above the ground or water of the base
of the lowest layer of cloud below 6 000 metres (20 000
feet) covering more than half the sky.
centre of gravity
certificate
in relation to an aircraft at any time, means the centre of
gravity of the aircraft at that time estimated in accordance
with the method set out in a direction in force under
subregulation 235.
(a) a certificate under Division 3 of Part 4; or
(b) a certificate of validation; or
(c) a CAR certificate of validation within the meaning of
subregulation 5.01(1); or
(d) an ASAO certificate.
CAR Part 1
CAR 263
certificate of
airworthiness^
certificate of airworthiness issued under regulation 21.176
of CASR.
CAR Part 1
certificate of
airworthiness
a standard certificate of airworthiness or a special certificate
of airworthiness.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
certificate of
approval
a certificate of approval in force under regulation 30.
CAR Part 1
certificate of
release to
service
(a) for an aircraft—a document that complies with
subregulation 42.760(1); and
(b) for an aeronautical product—a document that
complies with subregulation 42.810(1) or (2).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
certificate of
registration
(a) in relation to an aircraft registered under Division
47.C.1—a certificate issued under regulation
47.090; or
(b) in relation to an aircraft registered under Division
47.C.2—a certificate:
(i) issued under subparagraph 47.098(2)(b)(i); or
(ii) reissued under subregulation 47.099A(2).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
certificate of
type approval
a certificate of type approval continued in force under
regulation 313 or a type certificate issued under regulation
21.013A or 21.029 of CASR.
CAR Part 1
certificate of
validation
see regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
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Term
Definition
Source
certificate of validation means a certificate of validation
granted under Subpart 61.C.
certification
basis
(a) for an aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller for which
there is a type certificate—the type certification
basis for the aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller;
and
(b) for an aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller for which
there is a foreign type certificate—the foreign type
certification basis for the aircraft, aircraft engine or
propeller.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
certified
aerodrome
an aerodrome in respect of which an aerodrome certificate
is in force.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
certified
air/ground radio
service
see subregulation 139.155(4).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
certified true
copy
of a document, means a copy of the document that one of
the following persons has certified in writing to be a true
copy of the document:
(a) a person mentioned in Schedule 2 to the Statutory
Declarations Regulations 1993;
(b) a justice of the peace in a foreign country;
(c) a notary public in a foreign country;
(d) an employee of a national aviation authority;
(e) a person to whom a national aviation authority has
delegated a power or function.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
channel^
the part of a water aerodrome that is navigable and cleared
for the safety of aircraft taking-off or landing in a given
direction.
CAR Part 1
charged with an
offence
see clause 25 of Part 2 of this Dictionary.
CASR Dictionary
Parts 1
An air/ground radio service for which there is an approval
issued under 139.010.
25 Extended meaning of charged with in relation to
certain offences
(1) In these Regulations:
charged with has, in addition to its ordinary meaning,
the meaning given by subclause (2)
(2) For the purposes of these Regulations, a person is
taken to have been charged with a psychoactive
substance offence if:
(a) a law provides for the issue, in relation to the
offence, of an expiation notice; and
(b) such a notice is issued to the person in relation to
the offence.
checked
baggage
baggage or personal effects checked in by a passenger
with an operator, or with another person providing a check-
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
in service for an operator, as baggage or personal effects
intended for carriage on the aircraft on which the passenger
is travelling.
checking
Chicago
Convention
the assessment of proficiency of the personnel of an aircraft
operator or the operator of a flight simulation training device
that is conducted to ensure that the personnel are
competent to carry out their responsibilities.
(a) the Convention on International Civil Aviation done
at Chicago on 7 December 1944, whose English
text is set out in Schedule 1 to the Air Navigation
Act 1920;
(b) the Protocols amending that Convention, being the
Protocols referred to in subsection 3A(2) of that Act,
whose English texts are set out in Schedules to that
Act; and
(c) the Annexes to that Convention relating to
international standards and recommended
practices, being Annexes adopted in accordance
with that Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
The Act
chief balloon
flying instructor
a person:
(a) who holds a current flight instructor (balloon) rating;
and
(b) who is appointed by a balloon flying school to
supervise the balloon flying training given by the
school; and
(c) whose appointment is approved by CASA under
regulation 5.58.
CAR Part 5
child
a person who has turned 2 but has not turned 13.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
Civil Air
Regulations
the Civil Air Regulations issued by the Administrator of the
Federal Aviation Agency of the United States of America,
as in force immediately before the commencement of the
FARs.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
civil aviation
authorisation
an authorisation under this Act or the regulations to
undertake a particular activity (whether the authorisation is
called an AOC, permission, authority, licence, certificate,
rating or endorsement or is known by some other name).
The Act
Civil Aviation
Orders^
orders issued by CASA under regulation 5 (of CAR).
CAR Part 1
civil aviation
legislation
(a) this Act or the regulations; or
(b) legislative instruments made under this Act or the
regulations; or
(c) Chapter 7 of the Criminal Code, insofar as that
Chapter applies to conduct in relation to:
(i) this Act or the regulations; or
The Act
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(ii) legislative instruments made under this Act or
the regulations; or
(iii) CASA; or
(iv) an officer acting, or purporting to act, in the
course of the officer’s official duties; or
(v) an authorised person acting, or purporting to
act, in accordance with powers conferred under
the regulations; or
(vi) a person to whom a power or function has been
delegated under this Act, the regulations, or an
instrument made under this Act or the
regulations.
Civil Aviation
Orders
class
Class A external
load
the orders made under subsection 98(4A) or referred to in
subsection 98(5).
(a) of aircraft, has the meaning given by regulation
61.020; and
(b) of aeroplane for Part 64 (Ground operations
personnel licensing), has the meaning given by
regulation 64.010; and
(c) in relation to medical certificates—means a class of
medical certificate mentioned in regulation 67.145.
a load that is not a person, carried by a rotorcraft in an
external load operation (which under this MOS is called a
Class A external load operation) that:
(a) is external to the rotorcraft; and
(b) is not carried in an approved cargo rack, or in a
sealed receptacle; and
(c) is not jettisonable; and
(d) cannot move freely; and
(e) does not extend below the rotorcraft’s landing gear.
The Act
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Part 138 MOS
Note: An example of an operation involving a Class A external
load is when a load is carried on a platform from which the load
has the potential to fall off if it is not properly secured. See the
definition of sealed receptacle which means a belly tank for
firefighting, or a cargo pod, basket, bin, or similar thing in which a
load can be fully enclosed and sealed.
Class B external
load
a load that is not a person, carried by a rotorcraft in an
external load operation (which under this MOS is called a
Class B external load operation) that is:
(a) external to the rotorcraft; and
(b) jettisonable; and
(c) carried above or below the rotorcraft’s landing gear;
and
(d) by using the rotorcraft’s belly hook or winch:
(i) lifted off land or water, or off a structure that is
on land or water; and
(ii) carried in flight; and
Part 138 MOS
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(iii) set down on land or water, or on a structure
that is on land or water.
Note: An example of an operation involving a Class B external
load is the picking up and carriage, using a sling attached to the
belly hook of a rotorcraft, of an air-conditioning unit that is then set
down on the roof of a tall building.
Class C external
load
a load that is not a person, carried by a rotorcraft in an
external load operation (which under this MOS is called a
Class C external load operation):
(a) that is external to the rotorcraft; and
(b) that is jettisonable; and
(c) part of which remains in contact with land or water
during the lifting.
Part 138 MOS
Note: An example of an operation involving a Class C external
load is powerline stringing.
Class D external
load
a load that is a person, carried external to the rotorcraft, by
a rotorcraft in an external load operation (which under this
MOS is called a Class D external load operation)
Part 138 MOS
Note: Examples of operations involving a Class D external load
are the following: winching a person on board from land or water;
winching a person already aboard onto land or into the water;
positioning a person on or at a transmission wire using a fixed line
attached to the rotorcraft’s belly hook; carrying a person on a
platform; conducting a person’s hover exit from, or entry to, the
rotorcraft. The belly hook, winch, hard point, or platform must be
approved for the purpose of the lifting, placement or carrying of
the person (see for example, subsection 15.06 (4)). Only an aerial
work certificate holder may carry out a Class D external load
operation — see generally subregulations 138.005 (3) and
138.030 (1).
Class E external
load
a load, carried by an aeroplane in an external load
operation (which under this MOS is called a Class E
external load operation) that is:
(a) external to the aeroplane; and
(b) jettisonable; and
(c) either:
(i) attached to the exterior of the aeroplane; or
(ii) picked up, towed, and released by, the
aeroplane.
Part 138 MOS
Note 1 An example of an operation involving a Class E external
load is a banner towing operation by an aeroplane
Note 2 Glider towing is excluded from the definition of aerial work
operation by paragraph 138.010 (5) (c). Therefore, a glider that is
towed by an aeroplane is not a Class E load.
Class I product
see paragraph 21.321(2)(a).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
(a) a Class I product is a complete aircraft, aircraft
engine, or propeller, that:
(i) has been type certificated in accordance with
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these Regulations and for which civil
specifications or type certificate data sheets
have been issued; or
(ii) is identical to a type certificated product
specified in subparagraph (i) in all respects
except as is otherwise acceptable to the
national aviation authority of the importing
state.
Class I
provisional
certificate of
airworthiness
a Class I provisional certificate of airworthiness issued
under regulation 21.216.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Class I
provisional type
certificate
a Class I provisional type certificate issued under regulation
21.076.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Class II product
see paragraph 21.321(2)(b).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
A Class II product is a major component of a Class I
product (for example, wings, fuselages, empennage
assemblies, landing gears, power transmissions and control
surfaces), the failure of which would jeopardise the safety of
a Class I product; or any part, material, or appliance,
approved and manufactured under an ATSO in the “C”
series.
Class II
provisional
certificate of
airworthiness
a Class II provisional certificate of airworthiness issued
under regulation 21.216.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Class II
provisional type
certificate
Class II provisional type certificate issued under regulation
21.076.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Class III product
see paragraph 21.321(2)(c).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
a Class III product is any part or component which is not a
Class I or Class II product and includes standard parts (for
example, those designated as AN, NAS or SAE).
class A aircraft^
an Australian aircraft, other than a balloon, that satisfies
either or both of the following paragraphs:
(a) the aircraft is certificated as a transport category
aircraft;
(b) the aircraft is being used, or is to be used, by the
holder of an Air Operator’s Certificate which
authorises the use of that aircraft for the
commercial purpose referred to in paragraph
206(1)(c).
CAR Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
Note: Subregulation 2(2C) sets out how an aircraft is certificated
as a transport category aircraft.
class A aircraft^
an Australian aircraft, other than a balloon, that satisfies
either or both of the following paragraphs:
(a) the aircraft is certificated as a transport category
aircraft;
(b) the aircraft is being used, or is to be used, by the
holder of an Australian air transport AOC which
authorises the use of that aircraft in scheduled air
transport operations
CAR Part 1
Note: Subregulation 2(2C) sets out how an aircraft is certificated
as a transport category aircraft.
class B aircraft
an Australian aircraft that is not a class A aircraft.
CAR Part 1
Class D external
load
has the meaning given by the Part 138 Manual of
Standards.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
Class D external load means a load that is a person,
carried external to the rotorcraft, by a rotorcraft in an
external load operation (which under this MOS is called a
Class D external load operation).
Note: Examples of operations involving a Class D external load
are the following: winching a person on board from land or water;
winching a person already aboard onto land or into the water;
positioning a person on or at a transmission wire using a fixed line
attached to the rotorcraft’s belly hook; carrying a person on a
platform; conducting a person’s hover exit from, or entry to, the
rotorcraft. The belly hook, winch, hard point, or platform must be
approved for the purpose of the lifting, placement or carrying of
the person (see for example, subsection 15.06 (4)). Only an aerial
work certificate holder may carry out a Class D external load
operation — see generally subregulations 138.005 (3) and
138.030 (1).
class of
airspace^
class of
airspace
a class of airspace determined under paragraph 5(1)(d) of the
Airspace Regulations 2007.
(a) means a class of airspace designated by Australia
or a foreign country in accordance with Annex 11 to
the Chicago Convention; and
(b) in relation to Australian-administered airspace—
includes a volume of airspace determined to be a
class of airspace under paragraph 5(1)(d) of the
Airspace Regulations 2007.
CAR Part 1*
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Note: airspace determined to be a class of airspace under
paragraph 5(1)(d) of the Airspace Regulations 2007 is shown in
the designated airspace handbook (DAH).
class of balloon
a class mentioned in table 5.01.
CAR Part 5
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
Table 5.01—Classification of balloons
Column 1
Column 2
Class of balloon
Description of balloon
Class 1
Hot air balloons that have a
volume of not more than 260
000 cubic feet
2
Class 2
Hot air balloons that have a
volume of more than 260 000
cubic feet
3
Class 3
Gas balloons
Item
1
clearway
(a) for an aerodrome in Australian territory—has the
meaning given in the Part 139 (Aerodromes)
Manual of Standards 2019; or
(b) for an aerodrome in a foreign country—means the
clearway for a runway at the aerodrome, declared
in accordance with the relevant requirements of the
national aviation authority of the country.
Part 121 MOS
cloud seeding
for a dispensing operation, means the dropping of approved
substances from an aeroplane flying though, or above, cloud
formations, for the purpose of causing precipitation from the cloud.
Part 138 MOS
combination
recorder
an item of equipment that combines the functions of a flight
data recorder and a cockpit voice recorder
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
commercial
operations
civil air operations other than private operations.
CAR Part 1
commercial
(balloon) pilot
the holder of a commercial pilot (balloon) licence.
CAR Part 5
commercial
(balloon) pilot
licence^
a commercial pilot (balloon) licence issued under this Part.
CAR Part 5
commercial pilot
(balloon) licence
a commercial pilot (balloon) licence issued under Part 5 of
CAR.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Commonwealth
aircraft
an aircraft, other than a military aircraft, that is in the
possession or under the control of the Commonwealth or an
authority of the Commonwealth or is being used wholly or
principally for a purpose of the Commonwealth.
CAR Part 1
community
service flight
flight:
(a) that involves:
(i) the transport of 1 or more individuals (a patient)
to a destination for the purpose of each such
individual receiving non-emergency medical
treatment or services at the destination; or
(ii) the transport of a patient from a destination
Part 91 MOS
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Term
Definition
Source
mentioned in subparagraph (i) (the treatment
destination) to another treatment destination; or
(iii) the transport of a patient from a treatment
destination:
(A) back to a place from which the patient
departed for a treatment destination; or
(B) to a destination at which the patient
resides; and
(b) that is provided to a patient, and any person who
accompanies the patient to provide support and
assistance, without a charge being made to any of
those persons for their carriage; and
(c) where medical treatment is not provided on board
the aircraft for the flight, other than the
administering of medication or in response to an
unexpected medical emergency; and
(d) that is coordinated, arranged or facilitated by an
entity for a charitable purpose or community service
purpose.
Note: Section 2B of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901 defines
charitable purpose as having the meaning given by Part 3 of the
Charities Act 2013.
commuter type
aeroplane
(a) an SFAR 41 aeroplane; or
(b) an aeroplane that is type certificated in the
commuter category.
Part 121 MOS
compartment
of an aircraft, includes the space inside a noncompartmentalised fuselage.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
configuration
deviation list
for an aircraft, means a document that:
(a) is prepared by the aircraft’s type certificate holder
or foreign type certificate holder; and
(b) is approved by CASA or the national aviation
authority that issued the foreign type certificate for
the aircraft; and
(c) lists each external part of the aircraft that is
permitted to be missing from the aircraft, under
conditions specified in the document, when a flight
of the aircraft begins.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
configuration
maintenance
and procedures
standards
document, or
CMP document
a document, provided by the manufacturer of an aeroplane
and as existing from time to time, that:
(a) specifies the minimum requirements for the
aeroplane’s configuration, including any special
inspections, flight crew procedures, hardware life
limits, MMEL constraints and maintenance
practices necessary to establish the suitability of
the airframe/engine combination for extended
diversion time operations; and
(b) is approved by the certification authority for the
Part 121 MOS
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Definition
Source
aeroplane.
confined area
for a rotorcraft, means a relevant HLS where take-off or
landing requires the rotorcraft to operate within the avoid
area of the HV curve because the available take-off or
landing space is constrained by:
(a) terrain; or
the presence of other natural, or man-made, obstructions.
Part 91 MOS
constable^
has the same meaning as in the Crimes Act 1914.
CAR Part 1
constable
has the same meaning as in subsection 3(1) of the Crimes
Act 1914.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
constable means a member or special member of the
Australian Federal Police or a member of the police force or
police service of a State or Territory.
contaminated
a runway is contaminated if more than 25% of the surface
area required for a take-off or landing is covered by any of
the following:
(a) water or slush more than 3 mm deep;
(b) loose snow more than 20 mm deep;
(c) compacted snow or ice.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
contingency fuel
Refer to the MOS applicable to the type of operation.
-
continuing
airworthiness
management
organisation
a person who holds an approval under regulation 42.590
that is in force.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
continuing
airworthiness
management
service
has the meaning given by subregulation 42.575(1).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
contracting state
see section 3 of the Act.
continuing airworthiness management service means
any of the following services for an aircraft:
(a) ensuring that the requirements mentioned in
Divisions 42.C.2, 42.C.3 and 42.C.4 are met;
(b) the issue of an airworthiness review certificate
under Division 42.I.2;
(c) the extension of an airworthiness review certificate
under Division 42.I.3;
(d) the carrying out of an airworthiness review under
Division 42.I.4;
(e) the approval of:
(i) a maintenance program under Division 42.J.2;
or
(ii) a variation of a maintenance program under
Division 42.J.4.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Contracting State means a foreign country that is a party
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Definition
Source
to the Chicago Convention.
control area^
control area
airspace to which a determination under paragraph 5(1)I of
the Airspace Regulations 2007 applies.
(a) has the same meaning as in Annex 11 to the
Chicago Convention; and
(b) in relation to Australian-administered airspace—
includes a volume of airspace determined to be a
control area under paragraph 5(1)(c) of the
Airspace Regulations 2007.
CAR Part 1
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Note: Airspace determined to be a control area under paragraph
5(1)I of the Airspace Regulations 2007 is shown in the designated
airspace handbook (DAH).
controlled
aerodrome^
an aerodrome to which a determination under paragraph
5(1)I of the Airspace Regulations 2007 applies.
CAR Part 1
controlled
aerodrome
an aerodrome is a controlled aerodrome at a particular
time if, at that time, an air traffic control service is provided
to aerodrome traffic.
CASR Dictionary
Parts 1*
controlled
airspace^
a control area or a control zone.
CAR Part 1
controlled
airspace
airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic
control service is provided in accordance with the airspace
classification.
Note: The airspace classification is the classification of
airspace as a class of airspace (for example, class A
airspace).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
control zone^
airspace to which a determination under paragraph 5(1)(b)
of the Airspace Regulations 2007 applies.
CAR Part 1
control zone
(a) has the same meaning as in Annex 11 to the
Chicago Convention; and
(b) in relation to Australian-administered airspace—
includes a volume of airspace determined to be a
control zone under paragraph 5(1)(b) of the
Airspace Regulations 2007.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
From ICAO Annex 11:
Control zone. A controlled airspace extending upwards
from the surface of the earth to a specified upper limit.
Note: Airspace determined to be a control zone under paragraph
5(1)(b) of the Airspace Regulations 2007 is shown in the
designated airspace handbook (DAH).
controlling zone
RVR
the reported value of 1 or more RVR locations (touchdown,
mid-point, and stop-end) used to determine whether
operating minima are met.
Part 91 MOS
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
convicted of an
offence
see clause 35 of Part 2 of this Dictionary.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
35 Extended meaning of convicted
(1) In these Regulations:
convicted has, in addition to its ordinary meaning, the
meaning given by subclauses (2), (3) and (4)
(2) For the purposes of these Regulations, a person is
taken to have been convicted of an alleged offence if:
(a) the person has not been found guilty of the offence
but asks for the offence to be taken into account
when being sentenced for another offence; or
(b) the person has been found guilty of the offence but
discharged without conviction.
(3) In addition, a person is taken to have been convicted
of a psychoactive substance offence if:
(a) a law provides for the issue, in relation to the
offence, of an expiation notice; and
(b) such a notice was issued to the person in relation to
the offence; and
(c) the person paid the penalty required by the notice.
(4) However, a conviction that is spent (within the meaning
of Part VIIC of the Crimes Act 1914), or has been
quashed, is not taken to be a conviction for the
purposes of these Regulations.
co-pilot
in relation to an aircraft, means a pilot on board the aircraft
in a piloting capacity other than:
(a) the pilot in command; or
(b) a pilot who is on board the aircraft for the sole
purpose of receiving flight training.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
corporation^
in Part 149, has the same meaning as in regulation 11.015.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
corporation
in Parts 119, 131 and 149, has the meaning given by
regulation 11.015.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*#
cost-sharing
a flight is a cost-sharing flight if:
(a) the flight is conducted using an aircraft with a
maximum seat configuration of not more than 6,
including the pilot’s seat; and
(b) the pilot in command is not remunerated for the
flight; and
(c) the pilot in command pays an amount of the direct
costs of the flight that is at least equal to the
amount that would be paid by each person if the
direct costs were evenly divided between all
persons on board; and
(d) the flight is not advertised to the general public.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
Example 1: For paragraph I, if the direct costs of a flight are
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Definition
Source
$3,000 and the flight has 5 persons on board, including the pilot,
the pilot must pay at least $600 towards the direct costs.
Example 2: For paragraph (d):
(a) an advertisement in a daily national newspaper is an
advertisement to the general public; and
(b) an advertisement in a flying club newsletter is not an
advertisement to the general public.
country where
the aircraft is
registered
in relation to an aircraft registered under a joint registration
plan or an international registration plan, means any
Contracting State that is a member of the international
operating agency that established the plan.
The Act
crew member^
a person assigned by an operator for duty on an aircraft
during flight time, and any reference to crew has a
corresponding meaning.
CAR Part 1
crew member
a person is a crew member of an aircraft if the person is
carried on the aircraft and is:
(a) a person:
(i) who is authorised by the operator of the aircraft
to carry out a specified function during flight
time relating to the operation, maintenance, use
or safety of the aircraft, the safety of the
aircraft’s passengers or the care or security of
any cargo which may affect the safety of the
aircraft or its occupants; and
(ii) who has been trained to carry out that function;
or
(b) a person who is on board the aircraft for the
purpose of:
(i) giving or receiving instruction in a function
mentioned in subparagraph (a)(i); or
(ii) being tested for a qualification associated with
a function mentioned in subparagraph (a)(i); or
(c) a person authorised by CASA under these
Regulations, or by the operator, to carry out an
audit, check, examination, inspection or test of a
person mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
crew station
for a crew member of an aircraft, means a position on the
aircraft that is designed and equipped to enable the crew
member to carry out the crew member’s assigned duties on
the aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
critical engine
the engine whose failure would most adversely affect the
performance or handling qualities of an aircraft.
Part 91 MOS
critical fuelling
point
for fuelling an aircraft, means any of the following:
(a) a fuel tank filling point on the aircraft;
(b) a fuel tank vent outlet on the aircraft;
(c) the ground fuelling equipment that is used to fuel
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
the aircraft.
critical part
for an aircraft, means a part that must be inspected,
overhauled, or removed or retired from the aircraft within a
period specified:
(a) in the Airworthiness Limitations section of the
Manufacturer’s Maintenance Manual (as published
from time to time by the aircraft’s manufacturer) for
the aircraft; or
(b) in the Manufacturer’s Instructions for Continued
Airworthiness (as published by the manufacturer
from time to time) for the aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
critical point
a point en route during a flight of an aeroplane, determined
by the operator or the pilot in command for the flight before
the flight commences, at which the aeroplane can:
(a) if it arrives at the point with adequate fuel to
complete the flight to the planned destination
aerodrome while maintaining the fuel required by
subsection 7.06(3)—continue to that aerodrome; or
(b) otherwise—divert to an en route alternate
aerodrome while maintaining the fuel required by
subsection 7.06(3).
Part 121 MOS
cross-country
flight
has the meaning given by regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
cross-country flight means a flight along a pre-planned
route during which the pilot uses geometry, topography or
radio navigation aids to determine the aircraft’s position and
course.
cruising level^
in relation to an aircraft in flight, means the height above
ground or water, or above an atmospheric datum, at which
the aircraft flies when it is not climbing or descending.
CAR Part 1
cruising level
has the same meaning as in Annex 2 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Cruising level. A level maintained during a significant
portion of a flight.
cruise relief type
rating
(a) a cruise relief co-pilot type rating; or
(b) a cruise relief flight engineer type rating
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
CTAF
common traffic advisory frequency, being a designated
frequency on which pilots make positional broadcasts when
operating in the vicinity of a non-controlled aerodrome.
Part 91 MOS
current
for an aviation English language proficiency assessment:
see regulation 61.260.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
A person’s aviation English language proficiency
assessment is current as follows:
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Definition
Source
(a) if the person was assessed as meeting the ICAO
level 6 aviation English language proficiency
standards—indefinitely;
(b) if the person was assessed as meeting the ICAO
level 5 aviation English language proficiency
standards—for 6 years beginning on the day the
assessment is conducted;
(c) if the person was assessed as meeting the ICAO
level 4 aviation English language proficiency
standards—for 3 years beginning on the day the
assessment is conducted.
current
for a navigation database, means that the database is upto-date in accordance with the AIRAC cycle.
Part 91 MOS
current flight
plan^
the flight plan, with any changes brought about by
subsequent air traffic control clearances and air traffic
control instructions.
CAR Part 1
CVR
cockpit voice recorder.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
DA
decision altitude.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
daily inspection
in relation to an aircraft, means:
(a) if the aircraft is maintained in accordance with the
CASA maintenance schedule—the inspection
referred to in Part 1 of the schedule; and
(b) if the aircraft is not maintained in accordance with
the CASA maintenance schedule—the inspection
required to be carried out under:
(i) the manufacturer’s maintenance schedule; or
(ii) the aircraft’s approved system of maintenance;
before the start of flying operations on each day that the
aircraft is to be flown.
CAR Part 1
DAME
designated aviation medical examiner.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
danger area^
an area declared under regulation 6 of the Airspace
Regulations 2007 to be a danger area.
CAR Part 1
D
danger area
(a) has the same meaning as in Annex 11 to the
Chicago Convention; and
(b) in relation to Australian territory—includes an area
designated as a danger area by a declaration made
under subregulation 6(1) of the Airspace
Regulations 2007.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
From ICAO Annex 11:
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Danger area. An airspace of defined dimensions within
which activities dangerous to the flight of aircraft may exist
at specified times.
Note: Airspace determined to be a danger area under paragraph
6(1) of the Airspace Regulations 2007 is shown in the designated
airspace handbook (DAH).
dangerous lights
any lights which may endanger the safety of aircraft,
whether by reason of glare, or by causing confusion with or
preventing clear visual reception of aeronautical lights or
signals.
CAR Part 1
DAO
designated aviation ophthalmologist.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
data product
specification
has the same meaning as in Annex 15 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Data product specification. Detailed description of a data
set or data set series together with additional information
that will enable it to be created, supplied to and used by
another party (ISO 19131).
Note.— A data product specification provides a description of the
universe of discourse and a specification for mapping the universe
of discourse to a data set. It may be used for production, sales,
end-use or other purpose.
data service
activity
any of the following:
(a) publishing aeronautical data;
(b) publishing aeronautical information;
(c) publishing an aeronautical chart;
(d) supplying aeronautical data in a database for use in
navigation equipment or systems.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
data service
provider
a person who holds a certificate under regulation 175.295
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
data set
has the same meaning as in Annex 15 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Data set. Identifiable collection of data (ISO 19101).
dealer’s mark
a mark assigned to an aircraft manufacturer, distributor or
dealer under regulation 47.175.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
defined point
after take-off
for a rotorcraft flying in performance class 2 or performance
class 2 with exposure, means the point in the take-off and
initial climb stage of the flight before which:
(a) the rotorcraft may not be able to continue the flight
safely with one engine inoperative; and
(b) a forced landing may be required.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Definition
Source
demonstration
for the emergency evacuation of an aircraft, means the
emergency evacuation demonstration conducted by the
aircraft’s manufacturer for the purpose of the type
certification of the aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
demonstration
additional
number
of cabin crew members for an aircraft, means the number
by which the number of cabin crew members used in the
demonstration for the emergency evacuation of the aircraft
is more than the greater of the following:
(a) if the aircraft has a maximum operational
passenger seat configuration of more than 19—one
cabin crew member for each 50, or part of 50,
passenger seats fitted for the demonstration;
(b) one cabin crew member for each passenger
compartment.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
designated
aviation medical
examiner
(a) a person appointed as a designated aviation
medical examiner under Part 67; or
(b) a person who holds, or is performing the duties of,
a position specified in a declaration under
subregulation 67.055(1); or
(c) a person specified in a declaration under
subregulation 67.055(2); or
(d) a person appointed as a designated aviation
medical examiner under Part 6 of CAR as in force
at any time before 3 September 2003.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
designated
aviation
ophthalmologist
(a) a person appointed as a designated aviation
ophthalmologist under Part 67; or
(b) a person who holds, or is performing the duties of,
a position specified in a declaration under
subregulation 67.075(1); or
(c) a person specified in a declaration under
subregulation 67.075(2).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
destination
alternate
aerodrome
means an alternate aerodrome that is a destination
alternate (within the meaning of ICAO Annex 2).
Note: refer to definition of alternate aerodrome.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
Part 133 MOS
Part 135 MOS
destination
alternate fuel
refer to the MOS applicable to the type of operation.
DH
decision height.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
Dictionary
this Dictionary.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Note: This entry refers to the CASR dictionary.
differences
training
see regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
differences training, for a variant, means the training
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mentioned in regulation 61.200 for the variant.
direct costs
the direct costs of a flight are the costs actually and
necessarily incurred in connection with the flight without a
view to making a profit.
Example 1: If the aircraft is hired for the flight, the direct
costs of the flight include the following:
(a) the cost of hiring the aircraft;
(b) if they are not included in the cost of hiring the
aircraft—the cost of the fuel and oil consumed by
the aircraft for the flight and the airway and
aerodrome fees (if any) for the flight.
Example 2: If the aircraft is not hired for the flight, the direct
costs of the flight include the cost of the following:
(a) the fuel and oil consumed by the aircraft for the
flight;
(b) the airway and aerodrome fees (if any) for the
flight.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
Note: The amount of the direct costs of a flight that is paid by the
pilot in command is relevant to whether the flight is a cost-sharing
flight.
dispensing
operation
see subregulation 138.010(3):
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
A dispensing operation means dropping or releasing any
substance or object from an aircraft in flight and includes
training for such an operation.
diversion time
in relation to an aeroplane and an EDTO, means the time it
would take for the aeroplane to fly from a point on a route,
occurring beyond the threshold distance for the aeroplane,
to an adequate aerodrome for the aeroplane.
Part 121 MOS
DME
distance measuring equipment.
Part 91 MOS
dry
a runway is dry if the surface area required for a take-off or
landing:
(a) has no visible moisture; and
(b) is not contaminated.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
dual flying
flying in an aircraft fitted with fully functioning dual controls
for the purpose of receiving flying training from a person
who is authorised by these Regulations to give the training.
CAR Part 1
EASA
see European Aviation Safety Agency.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
EDTO
has the meaning given by the Part 121 Manual of
Standards.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
E
extended diversion time operation, or EDTO, means an
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operation in which an aeroplane is flown further from an
adequate aerodrome for the aeroplane than the threshold
distance for the aeroplane.
EDTO approval
an approval, mentioned in paragraph 121.035(1)(b) of
CASR, to conduct extended diversion time operations using
a particular aeroplane and airframe/engine combination.
Part 121 MOS
Note: An approval mentioned in paragraph 121.035(1)(b) of CASR
is granted under regulation 121.010 of CASR.
EDTO en-route
alternate
aerodrome
an adequate aerodrome that is selected as an EDTO enroute alternate aerodrome under section 4.19 for use in the
event of a diversion during an EDTO.
Part 121 MOS
EDTO entry
point
the first point on a route at which an aeroplane exceeds the
threshold distance from an adequate aerodrome.
Part 121 MOS
EDTO
significant
system
(a) an aeroplane’s propulsion system; or
(b) any other aeroplane system:
(i) whose failure or degradation could adversely
affect the safety of an EDTO flight conducted
by the aeroplane; or
(ii) the functioning of which is important to
continued safe flight and landing during a
diversion.
Part 121 MOS
elevation^
the vertical distance of a point or a level on or affixed to the
surface of the earth, measured from mean sea level.
CAR Part 1
elevation
has the same meaning as in Annex 4 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Elevation. The vertical distance of a point or a level, on or
affixed to the surface of the earth, measured from mean
sea level.
ELT
Division 26.49 ELT — basic technical requirements
In this Division, an ELT is a transmitter that meets the
following requirements (basic technical requirements):
(1) if the transmitter is activated — the transmitter must
transmit simultaneously on 121.5 MHz and 406 MHz;
(a) if the transmitter is fitted to, or carried on, an
Australian aircraft — the transmitter must be
registered with the Australian Maritime Safety
Authority (AMSA) and with no other authority;
(b) if the transmitter is fitted to, or carried on, a foreignregistered aircraft — the transmitter must be
registered with the authority of the aircraft’s State of
registry that is responsible for SAR services, and
not with AMSA;
(c) the transmitter must, for identification purposes, be
coded in accordance with the requirements for the
Part 91 MOS
(applies to Part 121
Part 133, Part 135
MOS)
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Definition
Source
transmitter in Appendix 1 to Chapter 5 of Part II,
Voice Communications, in Volume III of ICAO
Annex 10, Aeronautical Telecommunications;
(d) if the transmitter is fitted with a lithium-sulphur
dioxide battery — the battery must be authorised by
the FAA or EASA in accordance with (E)TSOC142a.
emergency
evacuation
procedures
for an aircraft, means procedures for the evacuation of the
aircraft’s passengers and crew from the aircraft in an
emergency, and includes pre-evacuation, and postevacuation, procedures.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
emergency exit
trainer
a stand-alone device comprising an emergency exit and
any other feature that is necessary to enable the device to
be used to assess a crew member’s competence to operate
the exit.
Part 121 MOS
emergency
parachute
see regulation 105.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1>
emergency parachute has the meaning given by the Part
105 Manual of Standards.
emergency
service
operation
an operation involving an aircraft to which all of the
following apply:
(a) the operation is conducted by, or at the request of,
an authority of the Commonwealth, a State or a
Territory;
(b) the authority is prescribed by the Part 138 Manual
of Standards for the purposes of this paragraph;
(c) the operation is for:
(i) law enforcement purposes; or
(ii) the purpose of saving or protecting persons,
property or the environment.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
employed in
private
operations
an aircraft is employed in private operations if the aircraft
is used to conduct an operation that is a private operation.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
empty weight^
for a hang glider, powered hang glider, paraglider or
powered paraglider: see regulation 200.001.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
empty weight, for a hang glider, powered hang glider,
paraglider or powered paraglider, means the weight of the
hang glider, powered hang glider, paraglider or powered
paraglider in its airborne configuration, including all fittings
and equipment but excluding recovery or personnel
parachutes.
empty weight
for a hang glider, powered hang glider, paraglider or
powered paraglider, means the weight of the hang glider,
powered hang glider, paraglider or powered paraglider in its
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
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Term
Definition
Source
airborne configuration, including all fittings and equipment
but excluding recovery or personnel parachutes.
empty weight
[for a Part 121 operation] has the meaning given by
subsection 2 of Civil Aviation Order 100.7.
Part 121 MOS
END
end zone.
Part 91 MOS
en route
alternate
aerodrome
an alternate aerodrome that is an en route alternate (within
the meaning of ICAO Annex 2).
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
Part 133 MOS
Part 135 MOS
Note: refer to definition of alternate aerodrome.
engage in
conduct
ESO
(a) do an act; or
(b) omit to perform an act.
an aerial work operation that is part of an emergency
service operation.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Part 138 MOS
Note: Emergency service operation is defined in the CASR
Dictionary.
ESO operating
site
(a) a location on ground or water, on a vessel, or on an
offshore facility, at or from which an aircraft lands or
takes off for the purposes of an ESO, or for training
for an ESO; or
(b) a position in the air at which a rotorcraft hovers for
carrying out an aerial work operation as part of an
ESO or training for an ESO.
Part 138 MOS
Note: ESO operating sites are places where an aerial work
objective is actually carried out, for example, a clearing or reserve
adjacent to a relevant incident site, on to which, or from which, a
rotorcraft lands or takes off, or over which it hovers in an ESO
external load operation, for the purpose of facilitating a SAR or
police operation. ESO operating sites do not include, for example,
an aerodrome that is the operator’s normal base, or a hospital or
other location which is served by a purpose-built heliport.
equivalent
(for overseas balloon authorisation) see regulation 5.31 of
CAR.
CAR Part 5
(1) for regulation 5.31, an overseas balloon authorisation is
equivalent to a balloon flight crew licence if the
authorisation and the licence allow the holder to
perform the same activities in balloons
(2) for regulation 5.31, an overseas balloon authorisation is
equivalent to a balloon class endorsement if the
authorisation and the endorsement allow the holder to
perform activities in the same class of balloon
(3) for regulation 5.31, an overseas balloon authorisation is
equivalent to a balloon flight crew rating if the
authorisation and the rating allow the holder to perform
the same activities.
established
refer to the MOS applicable to the type of operation.
-
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
ETA
estimated time of arrival.
Part 91 MOS
ETSO
see paragraph 21.601(2)(aa).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
an ETSO is a European Technical Standard Order issued
by EASA.
(E)TSO
followed by an identifying letter and number, is a shorthand
reference to both the TSO and the ETSO, each of which
has the same identifying letter and number.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
Part 133 MOS
Part 135 MOS
EUROCAE ED76
the latest version of EUROCAE ED-76, Standards for
Processing Aeronautical Data, issued by the European
Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment, as in force from
time to time.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Note: EUROCAE ED-76 could in 2014 be viewed on the
EUROCAE website (http://www.eurocae.net).
European
Aviation Safety
Agency or
EASA
the European Aviation Safety Agency established by
regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 of the European Parliament
and the Council of the European Union.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
examination^
an examination by way of a test of theoretical knowledge or
a practical test of knowledge and skill.
CAR Part 1
examination
an examination by way of a test of theoretical knowledge or
a practical test of knowledge and skill.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
examiner
has the meaning given by regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
means:
(a) a flight examiner; or
(b) a flight engineer examiner.
ex-armed forces
aircraft
see regulation 132.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
ex-armed forces aircraft means:
(a) a version of an aircraft that has been manufactured
in accordance with the requirements of, and
accepted for use by, an armed force of any country
(whether or not it has been used by such a force);
or
(b) a particular aircraft:
(i) to which paragraph (a) does not apply; and
(ii) that has been operated by an armed force of
any country.
excluded
provisions^
see regulation 200.001A.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
excluded RPA
see regulation 101.237.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
exhibition
see regulation 45.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
exhibition means an air show or a film or television
production.
expected
approach time^
the time at which it is expected that an arriving aircraft will
be cleared to commence approach for a landing.
CAR Part 1
experimental
aircraft^
an aircraft for which a special certificate of airworthiness is
in force under regulation 21.195A of CASR.
CAR Part 1
experimental
aircraft
an aircraft for which a special certificate of airworthiness is
in force under regulation 21.195A.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
experimental
certificate
an experimental certificate issued under regulation
21.195A.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
expiation notice
in relation to a psychoactive substance offence, means a
notice requiring or permitting payment of a penalty as an
alternative to prosecution.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
(a) for a Class I product—an export certificate of
airworthiness or an authorised release certificate;
and
(b) for a Class II or Class III product—an authorised
release certificate.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
export
airworthiness
approval
export certificate
of airworthiness
for a Class I product, means a certificate to the effect that
the product meets the requirements mentioned in regulation
21.329.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
exposition, of an
ASAO^
(a) the set of documents approved by CASA under
regulation 149.080 in relation to the ASAO; or
(b) if the set of documents is changed under regulation
149.115 or 149.120, or in accordance with the
process mentioned in paragraph 149.340(i)—the
set of documents as changed.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
exposition
(a) for an Australian air transport operator, means:
(i) the set of documents approved by CASA under
regulation 119.075 in relation to the operator;
and
(ii) if the set of documents is changed under
regulation 119.085, 119.095 or 119.105, or in
accordance with the process mentioned in
regulation 119.100—the set of documents as
changed; or
(b) for an ASAO, means:
(i) the set of documents approved by CASA under
regulation 149.080 in relation to the ASAO; or
(ii) if the set of documents is changed under
regulation 149.115 or 149.120, or in
accordance with the process mentioned in
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*#
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
paragraph 149.340(i)—the set of documents as
changed
(c) for a balloon transport operator, means:
(i) the set of documents approved by CASA under
regulation 131.085; or
(ii) if the set of documents is changed under
regulation 131.095, 131.105 or 131.115—the
set of documents as changed.
external load
a load that is external to an aircraft.
Part 138 MOS
Note: An external load is not cargo.
external load
operation
see subregulation 138.010(2):
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
An external load operation means carrying or towing a
load outside an aircraft in flight and includes training for
such an operation.
Note 1 An external load operation means carrying or towing a
load outside an aircraft in flight and includes training for such an
operation.
Note 2 An external load operation is not a cargo transport
operation.
F
FAA^
the Federal Aviation Administration of the United States of
America.
CAR Part 1
FAA
the Federal Aviation Administration of the United States of
America.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
FAA letter of
TSO design
approval
see paragraph 21.601(2)(ca).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
FARs
the Federal Aviation Regulations in Chapter 1 (Federal
Aviation Administration, Department of Transportation) of
Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations as published by
the Office of the Federal Register National Archives and
Records Administration of the United States of America.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
FATO
see final approach and take-off area.
-
FCM
a flight crew member.
Part 138 MOS
FD
flight director.
Part 138 MOS
FDE
fault detection and exclusion, and means a GNSS
receiver’s ability to exclude faulty satellites from position
computation.
Part 91 MOS
FDR
flight data recorder.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
an FAA letter of TSO design approval is an FAA design
approval for an article manufactured outside the United
States that has been found to meet a specific TSO in
accordance with the procedures of FARs section 21.617.
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
Part 133 MOS
Part 135 MOS
FEW
in relation to amounts of cloud, has the same meaning as in
ICAO Document 8896.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
ICAO Document 8896 refers to FEW as 1-2 oktas of cloud.
final approach
and take-off
area
for the operation of a rotorcraft at an aerodrome, means the
area of the aerodrome:
(a) from which a take-off is commenced; or
(b) over which the final phase of approach to hover is
completed.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
final reserve fuel
refer to the MOS applicable to the type of operation.
-
FIR
flight information region.
Part 91 MOS
fireproof
in connection with a manufacturer’s data plate: see
regulation 21.810.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Subpart 21.Q—Identification of aircraft and aeronautical
products
21.810 Meaning of fireproof
(1) A reference in this Subpart to a fireproof manufacturer’s
data plate is a reference to a data plate that:
(a) is made of material that withstands the heat of a fire
at least as well as a steel plate of the same size
and thickness; and
(b) on which the details that it is required to bear are
legibly marked by a fireproof method.
FL
flight
flight base
number
see flight level.
-
(a) in the case of a heavier-than-air aircraft, the
operation of the aircraft from the moment at which
the aircraft first moves under its own power for the
purpose of taking-off until the moment at which it
comes to rest after being airborne; and
(b) in the case of a lighter-than-air aircraft, the
operation of the aircraft from the moment when it
becomes detached from the surface of the earth or
from a fixed object on the surface of the earth until
the moment when it becomes again attached to the
surface of the earth or a fixed object on the surface
of the earth.
of cabin crew members for a flight of an aircraft, means the
greater of the following:
(a) if the aircraft has a maximum operational
passenger seat configuration of more than 19—one
cabin crew member for each 50, or part of 50,
passenger seats fitted for the flight;
The Act
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
(b) one cabin crew member for each passenger
compartment.
flight control
system
in relation to an aircraft, includes:
(a) the aircraft’s main control surfaces and associated
operating mechanisms and control systems; and
(b) the aircraft’s lift and drag devices and associated
operating mechanisms and control systems; and
(c) the aircraft’s trim and artificial feel systems and
associated operating mechanisms and control
systems; and
(d) the aircraft’s flight control lock system and
associated operating mechanisms and control
systems; and
(e) the aircraft’s yaw system and associated operating
mechanisms and control systems; and
(f) if the aircraft is a rotorcraft—the aircraft’s pitch
control systems; and
(g) if the aircraft is an airship—the aircraft’s ballonet
system and associated operating mechanisms and
control systems.
CAR Part 1
flight crew
endorsement
(a) means a flight crew endorsement within the
meaning of Part 61; and
(b) includes a certificate of validation of an overseas
endorsement.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
flight crew
licence
(a) means a flight crew licence within the meaning of
Part 61; and
(b) includes a certificate of validation of an overseas
flight crew licence.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
flight crew
member
flight crew rating
a crew member who is a pilot or flight engineer assigned to
carry out duties essential to the operation of an aircraft
during flight time.
(a) means a flight crew rating within the meaning of
Part 61; and
(b) includes a certificate of validation of an overseas
rating.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
flight director
a system within the AFCS, which overlays the attitude
indicator, and whose purpose is to compute and indicate
the aircraft attitude required to attain and maintain a
preselected flight condition for a particular flight trajectory.
Part 138 MOS
flight dispatcher
for an Australian air transport operator, means a person
designated by the operator to control and supervise flight
operations, including supporting, briefing and assisting
pilots in command in the safe conduct of flights.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
Note: A flight dispatcher is also known as a flight operations
officer.
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
flight engineer
the holder of a flight engineer licence.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
flight examiner
see regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
flight examiner means the holder of a flight examiner
rating.
flight forecast
a text-based forecast issued for a part of a flight for which a
routine GAF is not prepared.
Part 91 MOS
flight information
area^
airspace to which a determination under subparagraph
(5)(1)(a)(i) of the Airspace Regulations 2007 applies.
CAR Part 1
flight information
area
a volume of airspace determined to be a flight information
area under subparagraph 5(1)(a)(i) of the Airspace
Regulations 2007.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
flight information
service^
a service provided by air traffic control or Flight Service for
the purpose of giving advice and information for the safe
and efficient conduct of flights.
CAR Part 1
flight information
service
has the same meaning as in Annex 11 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Flight information service. A service provided for the
purpose of giving advice and information useful for the safe
and efficient conduct of flights.
flight instructor
has the meaning given by regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
flight instructor means the holder of a flight instructor
rating.
flight level
a reference to a flight level followed by a number, in
relation to the flight of an aircraft, is a reference to the
altitude at which the aircraft’s altimeter, if it were adjusted to
a reading on the subscale of 1013.2 hectopascals, would
show an altitude in feet of 100 times that number.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Example: Flight level 250 is an altitude of 25 000 ft.
flight level 290^
in relation to a flight of an aircraft, means the height at
which the aircraft’s altimeter, if it were adjusted to a reading
on the subscale of 1013.2 hectopascals, would show a
height of 29 000 feet.
CAR Part 1
flight manual
for an aircraft: see clause 37 of Part 2 of this Dictionary.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
References to flight manual
(1) A reference in these Regulations to an aircraft’s flight
manual:
(a) is a reference to:
(i) if the aircraft’s type certification basis required
the provision of an aircraft flight manual—that
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
manual; or
(ii) if regulation 21.005 applies to the aircraft—the
manual that must be given to the owner of the
aircraft under that regulation; or
(iii) for an aircraft not mentioned in subparagraph
(i) or (ii)—another document that contains the
aircraft’s operating limitations and other
information required for safe operation of the
aircraft; and
(b) includes each amendment to the flight manual that:
(i) is approved by CASA, an authorised person or
an approved design organisation under
regulation 21.006A; or
(ia) is approved by a person mentioned in
subclause (2); or
(ii) is made at the direction of CASA under Subpart
11.G; or
(iii) relates to a foreign type certificate in relation to
which CASA has issued a type acceptance
certificate or a foreign supplemental type
certificate, and is approved by the national
aviation authority that issued the foreign type or
supplemental type certificate; and
(c) includes each supplement to the flight manual that:
(i) is approved by CASA, an authorised person or
an approved design organisation under
regulation 21.006A; or
(ia) is approved by a person mentioned in
subclause (2); or
(ii) is made at the direction of CASA under Subpart
11.G; or
(iii) relates to a foreign type certificate in relation to
which CASA has issued a type acceptance
certificate or a foreign supplemental type
certificate, and is approved by the national
aviation authority that issued the foreign type or
supplemental type certificate
(2) For subparagraphs (1)(b)(ia) and (1)(c)(ia), the persons
are the following:
(a) if there is an agreement (however described)
between Australia and a Contracting State for the
acceptance of approvals of changes to aircraft flight
manuals—the national aviation authority of the
Contracting State, or a person authorised to do so
by the national aviation authority;
(b) if there is an agreement (however described)
between CASA and the national aviation authority
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
of a Contracting State for the acceptance of
approvals of changes to aircraft flight manuals—the
national aviation authority or a person authorised to
do so by the national aviation authority.
flight notification
requirements
see subregulation 91.240(1).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
flight plan
specified information, provided to air traffic control, relative
to the intended flight of an aircraft.
CAR Part 1
flight plan
has the same meaning as in Annex 2 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Flight plan. Specified information provided to air traffic
services units, relative to an intended flight or portion of a
flight of an aircraft.
flight
preparation
(alternate
aerodromes)
requirements
see subregulation 91.235(1).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
flight
preparation
(Part 121
alternate
aerodromes)
requirements
see subregulation 121.170(1).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
flight
preparation
(weather
assessments)
requirements
see subregulation 91.230(1).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
flight recorder
combination recorder, FDR or CVR.
Part 121 MOS
Note: A combination recorder is an item of equipment that
combines the functions of a flight data recorder and a cockpit
voice recorder: see the definition of the term in the CASR
Dictionary.
flight review
see regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
flight review means an assessment of the competency of a
flight crew member to perform:
(a) for the holder of a pilot licence or flight engineer
licence—an activity authorised by a flight crew
rating that the crew member holds; or
(b) for the holder of a glider pilot licence—an activity
authorised by the licence.
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
flight
radiotelephone
operator licence
a flight radiotelephone operator licence issued under Par 5
of CAR.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1>
flight
radiotelephone
practical test
a practical test of a person’s knowledge and skill in the use of an
aeronautical radio set by CASA under subregulation 5.41(3).
CAR Part 5
flight service^
flight advisory services provided by AA.
CAR Part 1
Note: For definitions of flight simulator and flight training device,
see the CASR Dictionary.
flight service
function
the function described in subregulation 65.130(2).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
flight service
licence
a licence by that name granted under Part 65.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
flight simulation
training device
see regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
flight simulation training device means:
(a) a qualified flight simulator; or
(b) a qualified flight training device; or
(c) a synthetic trainer that is approved under Civil
Aviation Order 45.0; or
(d) a device that meets the qualification standards
prescribed by a legislative instrument under
regulation 61.045; or
(e) a device that is qualified (however described) by
the national aviation authority of a recognised
foreign State.
flight simulator
for a specific type (or a specific make, model and series) of
aircraft:
(a) means a simulator that simulates the aircraft in
ground and flight operations and comprises:
(i) a full size replica of the flight deck of the
aircraft; and
(ii) a visual system providing an out of the flight
deck view; and
(iii) a force cueing motion system; and
(b) includes the necessary software and equipment,
and the way that the equipment is interconnected.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
flight technical
log
for an aircraft, means the log required under regulation
42.220 for the aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
flight test
a practical test of a person’s aeronautical knowledge and
practical flying skill set by CASA under subregulation
5.41(2).
CAR Part 5
flight test
see regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
Part 1
flight test, for a flight crew licence, rating or endorsement,
means a test conducted under regulation 61.245 for the
licence, rating or endorsement.
flight time
has the meaning given by regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
flight time as:
(a) a pilot: see regulation 61.080; and
(b) a co-pilot: see regulation 61.085; and
(c) a pilot in command: see regulation 61.090; and
(d) a pilot in command under supervision: see
regulation 61.095; and
(e) a flight engineer: see regulation 61.100.
flight training
see regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
flight training, for a flight crew licence, rating or
endorsement, means the training mentioned in regulation
61.195 for the licence, rating or endorsement.
flight training
area
for an aerodrome, means an area that is mentioned in a
Part 141 operator’s operations manual, or a Part 142
operator’s exposition, as a flight training area for the
aerodrome.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
flight training
device
for a specific type (or a specific make, model and series) of
aircraft:
(a) means a device that:
(i) simulates the aircraft in ground and flight
operations to the extent of the systems installed
in the device; and
(ii) comprises a full size replica of the instruments,
equipment, panels and controls in an open
flight deck area, or an enclosed flight deck, of
the aircraft; and
(iii) does not, in every respect, simulate the aircraft
in ground and flight operations; and
(b) includes the necessary software and equipment,
and the way that the equipment is interconnected.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
flight visibility^
the average range of visibility forward from the cockpit of an
aircraft in flight.
CAR Part 1
flight visibility
has the same meaning as in Annex 2 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Flight visibility. The visibility forward from the cockpit of an
aircraft in flight.
flying in
formation
2 or more aircraft are:
(a) flying in formation if they:
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
(i) are operating as a single unit with regard to
navigation, position reporting and control; and
(ii) are so close to each other that any change in
height, heading or airspeed of any aircraft used
for station-keeping results in a need for one or
more of the other aircraft to manoeuvre to
maintain station or avoid a collision; and
(b) taken to be flying in formation:
(i) when the aircraft are changing station; and
(ii) during join-up or breakaway.
flying training^
any training given during flight time in an aircraft for the
purpose of increasing a person’s skill in flying the aircraft.
CAR Part 1
flying training
any training given during flight time in an aircraft for the
purpose of increasing a person’s skill in flying the aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
FMS
means flight management system, and is an aircraft’s onboard multi-purpose navigation, performance and aircraft
operations computer.
Part 138 MOS
FO
fail operational.
Part 91 MOS
FO hybrid
landing system
a system which consists of a primary fail-passive automatic
landing system and a secondary independent guidance
system enabling the pilot to complete a landing manually
after failure of the primary system.
Part 91 MOS
forecast QNH
QNH obtained from an authorised weather forecast.
Part 91 MOS
foreign aircraft^
an aircraft registered:
(a) in a Contracting State or in a foreign country other
than a Contracting State; or
(b) under a joint registration plan or an international
registration plan.
CAR Part 1
foreign aircraft
has the same meaning as foreign registered aircraft
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Note: However, a reference to foreign aircraft or foreign registered
aircraft does not include a state aircraft of a foreign country: see
subregulation 3(5) of CAR.
foreign air
transport AOC
foreign air
transport
operation
an AOC that authorises the operation of an aircraft for a
foreign air transport operation.
(a) means an air transport operation that is conducted
by a foreign operator using any aircraft for:
(i) a flight into or out of Australian territory; or
(ii) a flight wholly within Australia that is
undertaken as part of a flight into or out of
Australian territory; but
(b) does not include the following:
(i) the operation of an aeroplane or rotorcraft
under a permission under section 25 (Nonscheduled flights by foreign registered aircraft)
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
or section 27A (Permission for operation of
foreign registered aircraft without AOC) of the
Act;
(ii) an air transport operation authorised by a New
Zealand AOC with ANZA privileges that is in
force for Australia.
foreign air
transport
operator
a person who holds a foreign air transport AOC.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
foreign
certificate
for a foreign operator, means an air operator certificate
issued by the national aviation authority of the foreign
country in which the foreign operator has its principal place
of business or place of permanent residence.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
foreign operator
an operator that is not an Australian operator
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
foreign
registered
aircraft
an aircraft registered:
(a) in a foreign country; or
(b) under a joint registration plan or an international
registration plan.
The Act
foreign
supplemental
type certificate
see regulation 21.114.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
foreign type
certificate
see regulation 21.041.
A certificate (however described) for an aircraft, aircraft
engine or propeller that is issued by or for the national
aviation authority of a recognised country and is equivalent
to a supplemental type certificate that could have been
issued by CASA (a foreign supplemental type certificate) is
taken to have been issued by CASA for these Regulations.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
foreign type certificate, for an aircraft, aircraft engine or
propeller:
(a) means a certificate (however described) for the
aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller that is issued by
the national aviation authority of a foreign country
and is equivalent to a type certificate; but
(b) does not include a certificate (however described)
for the aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller that is
issued by the national aviation authority of a foreign
country solely on the basis of a certificate (however
described) for the aircraft, aircraft engine or
propeller that is issued by the national aviation
authority of another country and is equivalent to a
type certificate.
foreign type
certification
for an aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller, means the
airworthiness standards and any special conditions or other
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
basis
conditions with which the aircraft, aircraft engine or
propeller must comply for the issue of a foreign type
certificate.
FP
fail passive.
free balloon
Source
Part 91 MOS
(a) in Part 101—means a balloon that is not tethered;
and
(b) otherwise—means a balloon that is intended for
flight without being permanently tethered.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
free flight time
in relation to a balloon, means any part of the flight time in
the balloon during which it is not tethered.
CAR Part 5
frequency
confirmation
system
for an aerodrome, means a ground radio system for the
aerodrome that, on receipt of a transmission from an
aircraft on the radio frequency for the aerodrome, sends a
signal or message to the aircraft confirming that the
transmission has been received.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
ft
feet.
Part 91 MOS
fuelling
includes refuelling and defuelling.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
or graphical area forecast, means an authorised weather
forecast that is:
(a) issued by the BOM; and
(b) a forecast of the weather conditions within a
specific geographical area published in the AIP.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
G
GAF
Note: At the commencement of this instrument, the AIP document
containing these geographical areas was the Planning Chart
Australia.
GAMET area
forecast
has the meaning given by Annex 3, Meteorological Service
for International Air Navigation.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
GAMET area forecast An area forecast in abbreviated
plain language for low-level flights for a flight information
region or sub-area thereof, prepared by the meteorological
office designated by the meteorological authority concerned
and exchanged with meteorological offices in adjacent flight
information regions, as agreed between the meteorological
authorities concerned.
gas balloon
a balloon that sustains flight with lighter-than-air gas.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
GBAS
ground-based augmentation system.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
GBAS landing
has the meaning given by Chapter 1 of ICAO Document
Part 91 MOS
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
system, or GLS
8168, (PANS OPS) Aircraft Operations, Volume 1 Flight
Procedures.
Part 121 MOS
GBAS landing system (GLS). A system for approach and
landing operations utilizing GNSS, augmented by a groundbased augmentation system (GBAS), as the primary
navigational reference.
giant model
aircraft
see regulation 101.380.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
giant model aircraft means a model aircraft that has a
take-off mass (excluding fuel) of more than 25 kilograms,
but not more than 150 kilograms.
glider^
(a) an unpowered, heavier-than-air aircraft that derives
its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on
surfaces remaining fixed under given conditions of
flight; or
(b) a heavier-than-air aircraft that is fitted with one or
more engines and that is capable of soaring flight
when the engine or engines are inoperative.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
glider
an unpowered, heavier-than-air aircraft that derives its lift in
flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces
remaining fixed under given conditions of flight.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
GNSS
the global navigation satellite system.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
Part 133 MOS
Part 135 MOS
Part 138 MOS
GNSS FDE
GNSS fault detection and exclusion.
Part 91 MOS
GPWS
ground proximity warning system.
Part 121 MOS
graded runway
strip
includes an area delineated by gable or cone markers.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
grant^
in relation to a licence or certificate, means grant of the
licence or certificate, either by way of initial issue or by
renewal from time to time.
CAR Part 1
grant
in relation to a civil aviation authorisation, includes grant by
renewal.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
gross flight path
the flight path that an aeroplane will follow when flown in a
particular configuration, in accordance with specified
procedures in relevant conditions, and that is established,
from the aeroplane’s performance data, as representing the
average fleet performance of the aeroplane type.
Part 121 MOS
gross weight
in relation to an aircraft at any time, means the weight of the
aircraft, together with the weight of all persons and goods
CAR Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
(including fuel) on board the aircraft, at that time, estimated
in accordance with the method set out in a direction in force
under subregulation 235(1).
ground radar^
in relation to a secondary surveillance radar transponder,
means an installation on the ground which:
(a) emits radio signals; and
(b) may, in response to its signal, receive data signals
from a secondary surveillance radar transponder;
and
(c) may direct the data signals to an air traffic control
radar display.
CAR Part 1
ground-based
navigation aid
1 of the following:
(a) VOR;
(b) DME;
(c) NDB;
(d) Outer Marker;
(e) Middle Marker.
Part 91 MOS
G/P
glide path
Part 91 MOS
gyroglider^
see subregulation 200.006(2).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
gyroglider means a non-power-driven heavier-than-air
aircraft supported in flight by the reaction of the air on 1 or
more rotors that rotate freely on substantially vertical axes.
gyroglider
a non-power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft supported in
flight by the reaction of the air on 1 or more rotors that
rotate freely on substantially vertical axes.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
gyroplane
a power-driven, heavier than air aircraft supported in flight
by the reaction of the air on 1 or more rotors which rotate
freely on substantially vertical axes.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
H
hang glider^
see regulation 200.001.
hang glider means a glider with some rigid structure and
an empty weight of 70 kg or less.
hazardous
weather
conditions^
hang glider
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
a thunderstorm; or
wind shear; or
any other similar meteorological activity;
that may endanger the safety of aircraft or aircraft
operations.
a glider with some rigid structure:
(a) that has an empty weight of 70 kg or less; and
(b) the free flight of which does not depend on an
engine.
CAR Part 1
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
heading^
the direction in which the longitudinal axis of an aircraft is
pointed, usually expressed in degrees from North (true,
magnetic or compass).
CAR Part 1
heading
has the same meaning as in Annex 2 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Heading. The direction in which the longitudinal axis of an
aircraft is pointed, usually expressed in degrees from North
(true, magnetic, compass or grid).
headset
includes a flying helmet that incorporates a headset.
Part 133 MOS
Part 135 MOS
head of
operations
for an aerial work certificate holder, has the same meaning
as in subparagraph (b) (ii) of the definition of key
personnel in the CASR Dictionary.
Part 138 MOS
heavier-than-air
aircraft^
is the generic term for aircraft deriving their lift in flight
chiefly from aerodynamic forces.
CAR Part 1
heavier-than-air
aircraft
is the generic term for aircraft that derive their lift in flight
chiefly from aerodynamic forces.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
heavy balloon
see regulation 101.145.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
A heavy balloon is an unmanned free balloon that carries
a payload to which any of the following apply:
(a) the payload includes a heavy package;
(b) the combined mass of the payload is at least 6 kg;
(c) if a rope or other device has been used for the
suspension of the payload—an impact force of 230
N or more is required to separate the suspended
payload from the balloon.
heavy package
see regulation 101.145.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
A heavy package means a package that:
(a) weighs at least 3 kg; or
(b) weighs at least 2 kg and has an area density of
more than 13 g per cm2.
height
has the same meaning as in Annex 2 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Height. The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object
considered as a point, measured from a specified datum.
helicopter^
a heavier-than-air aircraft supported in flight by the reaction
of the air on one or more normally power-driven rotors on
substantially vertical axes.
CAR Part 1
helicopter
a heavier-than-air aircraft supported in flight by the reaction
of the air on one or more normally power-driven rotors on
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
substantially vertical axes.
helideck
an area intended for use wholly or partly for the arrival or
departure of rotorcraft, on:
(a) a ship; or
(b) a floating or fixed structure on water.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
high power
rocket
see regulation 101.425.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
high power rocket means a rocket that is not a model
rocket, and, to avoid doubt, includes:
(a) a sounding rocket; and
(b) a sub-orbital rocket; and
(c) a launch vehicle (within the meaning given by the
Space Activities Act 1998).
highly volatile
fuel
historic aircraft
(a) aviation gasoline; or
(b) a hydrocarbon mixture that spans the gasoline and
kerosene boiling ranges; or
(c) a mixture of aviation gasoline and a hydrocarbon
mixture mentioned in paragraph (b).
see regulation 132.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
historic aircraft means:
(a) an aircraft that was manufactured before 1 January
1960; or
(b) an Australian-manufactured aircraft of a type that is
no longer being manufactured; or
(c) a replica of an aircraft mentioned in paragraph (a)
or (b); or
(d) an aircraft prescribed by the Part 132 Manual of
Standards for this paragraph.
HLS
helicopter landing site.
Part 91 MOS
Part 138 MOS
holder
of an authorisation (within the meaning given by Part 11),
means:
(a) if the authorisation has not been transferred—the
person to whom it was granted; or
(b) if the authorisation has been transferred—the
person to whom it was transferred or, if it has been
transferred more than once, the person to whom it
was most recently transferred.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
holding fuel
refer to the MOS applicable to the type of operation.
-
horizontal
plane^
in relation to an aeroplane, means the plane containing the
longitudinal axis and perpendicular to the plane of
symmetry of the aeroplane.
CAR Part 1
hot air airship
a power driven lighter-than-air aircraft where the engine
CASR Dictionary
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
does not create any portion of lift.
Part 1*
hot fuelling
of an aircraft, means the fuelling of the aircraft with an engine
running.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
hPa
hectopascals.
Part 91 MOS
HUD or head-up
display
a display system that presents flight information into a
pilot’s forward external field of view.
Part 91 MOS
human factors
principles
principles concerned with the minimisation of human error
and its consequences by optimising the relationships within
systems between people, activities and equipment.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
IAF
initial approach fix.
Part 91 MOS
IAP
instrument approach procedure.
Part 91 MOS
IAS, or indicated
airspeed
the speed of an aircraft as shown on its pitot static airspeed
indicator, calibrated to reflect standard atmosphere
adiabatic compressible flow at sea level uncorrected for
airspeed system errors.
Part 91 MOS
ICAO
the International Civil Aviation Organization referred to in
the Chicago Convention.
The Act
ICAO Annex
followed by a number, means the Annex of the given
number, as contained in the Chicago Convention.
Part 91 MOS
ICAO Document
8126
Document 8126-AN/872 (Aeronautical Information Services
Manual) approved and published by decision of the Council
of the International Civil Aviation Organization, as in force
from time to time.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
ICAO Document
8168
ICAO Document 8168 (Procedures for Air Navigation
Services – Aircraft Operations Volume 1 Flight Procedures)
approved and published by decision of the Council of the
International Civil Aviation Organisation, as in force from
time to time.
Part 121 MOS
ICAO Document
8697
Document 8697-AN/889 (Aeronautical Chart Manual)
approved and published by decision of the Council of the
International Civil Aviation Organization, as in force from
time to time
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
ICAO Document
8896
means ICAO Document 8896 (Manual of Aeronautical
Meteorological Practice) approved and published by
decision of the Council of the International Civil Aviation
Organisation, as in force from time to time.
Part 121 MOS
ICAO Doc.
9574-AN/934^
Doc. 9574-AN/934 (Manual on Implementation of a 300 m
(1 000 ft) Vertical Separation Minimum Between FL 290
and FL 410 Inclusive) approved and published by decision
CAR Part 1
I
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
of the Council of the International Civil Aviation
Organisation, as in force from time to time.
ICAO landing
forecast
an authorised weather forecast that meets the requirements
of 6.3 in Chapter 6, Landing forecasts, of ICAO Annex 3.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
Note: 6.3.2 in Chapter 6, Landing forecasts, of ICAO Annex 3
prescribes that a landing forecast shall be prepared in the form of
a trend forecast.
identification
number
of a production certificate or type certificate means the
number, or group of characters, described in the certificate
as being its number.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
I.F.R
is the symbol used to designate the Instrument Flight Rules
prescribed in Part 12.
CAR Part 1
IFR
(short for instrument flight rules) means the rules and procedures
set out in Subdivision 91.D.4.3.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
I.F.R. flight^
a flight conducted in accordance with the Instrument Flight
Rules prescribed in Part 12.
CAR Part 1
IFR flight
a flight conducted under the IFR.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
I.F.R. operation^
an operation conducted in accordance with the Instrument
Flight Rules prescribed in Part 12.
CAR Part 1
IFR operation
an operation conducted under the IFR.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
ILS
instrument landing system.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
I.M.C.^
is the symbol used to designate meteorological conditions
other than those designated by the symbol V.M.C.
CAR Part 1
IMC
(short for instrument meteorological conditions) means
meteorological conditions other than VMC.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
immediately
reportable
matter
has the meaning given by subsection 3(1) of the Transport
Safety Investigation Act 2003.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
in an area
used of the operation of an aircraft: see clause 40 of Part 2
of this Dictionary.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
In these Regulations, a reference to operating an aircraft in
an area is a reference to operating the aircraft in the
airspace above the area.
incidental
provisions
of an instrument, or part of an instrument, mentioned in
these Regulations, means the provisions of the instrument,
or part, that are not airworthiness standards.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
infant
a person who has not turned 2.
CASR Dictionary
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
Part 1#
in-flight
shutdown
an engine of an aeroplane:
(a) ceasing to function normally in flight for any reason,
and
(b) shutting down, whether the shutting down is:
(i) self-induced; or
(ii) initiated by a crew member; or
(iii) caused by some other external influence.
Part 121 MOS
infringement
notice
a notice served under regulation 296B.
CAR 296A
in-house
maintenance
for an aeronautical product (the first aeronautical product)
to be fitted to an aircraft or another aeronautical product
(the second aeronautical product), means maintenance
carried out on the first aeronautical product by a Part 145
organisation that will fit the product to the aircraft or the
second aeronautical product.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
in-house release
document
for an aeronautical product on which in-house maintenance
has been carried out, means the document that:
(a) is issued by the Part 145 organisation that carried
out the in-house maintenance; and
(b) includes a statement to the effect that, in respect of
the in-house maintenance, the product is
serviceable, within the meaning given by
subregulation 42.015(1); and
(c) includes information enabling the identification of
the record mentioned in regulation 42.820 for the
product.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
inoperative
an item for a flight of an aircraft is inoperative if, due to a
defect, the item, or a function of the item, does not:
(a) accomplish its intended purpose; or
(b) consistently function within the operating limits or
tolerances mentioned in the approved design for
the item or the flight manual for the aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
instructor
has the meaning given by regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
instructor means:
(a) a flight instructor; or
(b) a simulator instructor; or
(c) a flight engineer instructor.
instrument
approach
operation
an approach and landing:
(a) conducted using instruments for navigation
guidance; and
(b) based on an authorised instrument approach
procedure.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
instrument
a series of predetermined manoeuvres by reference to flight
CASR Dictionary
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
approach
procedure
instruments with specified protection from obstacles from
the initial approach fix or, where applicable, from the
beginning of a defined arrival route to a point from which a
landing can be completed and thereafter, if a landing is not
completed, to a position at which holding or en-route
obstacle clearance criteria apply.
Part 1
instrument
departure
procedure
for an aircraft, means a series of predetermined
manoeuvres by reference to flight instruments with
specified protection from obstacles from take-off until the
aircraft reaches:
(a) the en-route lowest safe altitude; or
(b) the minimum altitude at which the aircraft, on a
minimum climb gradient of 3%, can intercept the
planned flight route; or
(c) in a case where the aircraft has taken off from an
aerodrome for which there is a radar control service
in operation—the minimum radar vector altitude.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
instrument flight
procedures
the visual and instrument procedures for use by aircraft
operating under the IFR.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Integrated
Aeronautical
Information
Package
a package, in hardcopy or electronic form, consisting of the
following:
(a) the AIP;
(b) AIP Amendments;
(c) AIP Supplements;
(d) NOTAMS and pre-flight information bulletins;
aeronautical information circulars.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
integrated
training
an intensive course of training:
(a) that is designed to ensure that a course participant
receives ground theory training integrated with
practical flight training; and
(b) for which:
(i) the ground theory training and practical flight
training are conducted by the same operator; or
(ii) the operator that conducts the practical flight
training engages another person or
organisation to conduct the ground theory
training on behalf of the operator; and
(c) that is conducted according to a syllabus that
satisfies the knowledge and flight standards
specified in the Part 61 Manual of Standards for the
grant of a private or commercial pilot licence; and
(d) that is designed to be completed within a
condensed period of time.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
intermediate
category
for an aircraft, means the category of aircraft that satisfy the
requirements for issue of a type certificate mentioned in
regulation 21.026.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
internal review
decision, of an
ASAO
see subregulation 149.605(5).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
international air
service^
an air service which passes through the airspace over the
territory of more than one country.
CAR Part 1
international
operating
agency^
an international operating agency referred to in Article 77 of
the Convention.
CAR Part 1
international
operating
agency
an international operating agency referred to in Article 77 of
the Chicago Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
international
registration
plan^
a plan for the registration by an international organisation of
aircraft operated, or to be operated, by an international
operating agency, being a plan approved by the Council by
a determination made in pursuance of Article 77 of the
Convention.
CAR Part 1
international
registration plan
a plan for the registration by an international organisation of
aircraft operated, or to be operated, by an international
operating agency, being a plan approved by the Council by
a determination made in pursuance of Article 77 of the
Chicago Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
International
Regulations
the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at
Sea, 1972, in the Convention on the International
Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, done at
London on 20 October 1972, as amended and in force for
Australia from time to time
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
Note: The Convention is in Australian Treaty Series 1980 No. 5
([1980] ATS 5) and could in 2019 be viewed in the Australian
Treaties Library on the AustLII website (http://www.austlii.edu.au).
International
Telecommunicat
ions
Convention^
(a) the International Telecommunications Convention
signed at Buenos Aires on 22 December 1952; and
(b) the Radio Regulations annexed to that Convention.
CAR Part 1
in the vicinity of^
in relation to a non-controlled aerodrome, has the meaning
given by subregulation (2).
CAR 166
Note: in subregulation (2):
An aircraft is in the vicinity of a non-controlled aerodrome if it is
within:
(a) airspace other than controlled airspace; and
(b) 10 miles from the aerodrome; and
(c) a height above the aerodrome that could result in conflict
with operations at the aerodrome.
in the vicinity of
a non-controlled
see regulation 91.360.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
aerodrome
(1) An aircraft is in the vicinity of a non-controlled
aerodrome if it is:
(a) in uncontrolled airspace; and
(b) within 10 nautical miles of the aerodrome; and
(c) at a height above the aerodrome that could result in
conflict with operations at the aerodrome.
(2) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(b), if an aerodrome
reference point for the aerodrome is published in the
authorised aeronautical information for the flight, the
distance must be measured from that point.
ISA
international standard atmosphere.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
Part 135 MOS
Part 138 MOS
isolated
destination
aerodrome
see section 4.03.
Part 121 MOS
4.03 Definition of isolated destination aerodrome
(1) A planned destination aerodrome is an isolated
destination aerodrome for an aeroplane if the amount of
fuel, mentioned in subsection (2), for a flight:
(a) from the planned destination aerodrome; and
(b) to the nearest aerodrome that would meet the
requirements for a destination alternate aerodrome
(the relevant aerodrome) for the aeroplane under
the civil aviation legislation;
is greater than the amount mentioned in subsection (3).
Note: For an aerodrome to be a destination alternate
aerodrome, it must also (in addition to meeting the applicable
requirements under this Chapter) meet other requirements that
apply for aerodromes under this instrument, Division 121.D of
CASR, Part 91 of CASR or in other provisions of the civil aviation
legislation.
(2) For subsection (1), the amount is the sum of:
(a) the fuel required to:
(i) perform a missed approach at the planned
destination aerodrome; and
(ii) climb to the expected cruising altitude; and
(iii) fly the expected routing to the relevant
aerodrome; and
(iv) descent to the point where the expected
approach is initiated; and
(v) land at the relevant aerodrome; and
(b) the final reserve fuel.
(3) For subsection (1), the amount is:
(a) for a piston-engine aeroplane—the lesser of:
(i) the fuel required to fly for 45 minutes plus the
fuel to fly for 15% of the flight time spent at the
planned cruising level between the departure
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
aerodrome and the planned destination
aerodrome; and
(ii) 2 hours; or
(b) for a turbine-engine aeroplane—the fuel required to fly
the aeroplane for 2 hours at the planned cruising level
above the planned destination aerodrome, including final
reserve fuel.
J
jet-propelled
aircraft^
includes an aircraft that is propelled by one or more engines
of the following kinds, namely, turbofan engines, turbojet
engines, unducted fan engines or rocket engines, but does
not include an aircraft that is propelled solely by
conventional propeller engines.
CAR Part 1
joint registration
plan^
a plan for joint registration by Contracting States
constituting an international operating agency of aircraft
operated, or to be operated, by the agency, being a plan
approved by the Council by a determination made in
pursuance of Article 77 of the Convention.
CAR Part 1
joint registration
plan
a plan for joint registration by Contracting States
constituting an international operating agency of aircraft
operated, or to be operated, by the agency, being a plan
approved by the Council by a determination made in
pursuance of Article 77 of the Chicago Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
(a) for a Part 121 operation—means the journey log
required for the flight by regulation 121.105; or
(b) for a Part 133 operation—means the journey log
required for the flight by regulation 133.075; or
(c) for a Part 135 operation—means the journey log
required for the flight by regulation 135.085.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
journey log
JRCC Australia
the Australian Joint Rescue Coordination Centre.
Part 91 MOS
of an ASAO, means the people who hold, or carry out the
responsibilities of, the following positions in the ASAO’s
organisation:
(a) accountable manager;
(b) safety manager;
(c) if the ASAO’s approved functions include
administering aircraft—the manager of the function;
(d) any other position with the responsibilities
prescribed by the Part 149 Manual of Standards.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
(a) for an Australian air transport operator—means the
people (however described) that hold, or carry out
the responsibilities of, the following positions in the
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
K
key personnel ^
key personnel
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
operator’s organisation:
(i) the positions mentioned in paragraphs (a), (b)
and (d) of the definition of key personnel in
subsection 28(3) of the Act;
(ii) the safety manager; or
(b) for an aerial work operator—means the people that
hold, or carry out the responsibilities of, the
following positions in the operator’s organisation:
(i) chief executive officer;
(ii) head of operations;
(iii) if the operator is required by regulation 138.125
to have a training and checking system—head
of training and checking;
(iv) if the operator is required by regulation 138.140
to have a safety management system—safety
manager; or
(c) for an ASAO—means the people who hold, or carry
out the responsibilities of, the following positions in
the ASAO’s organisation:
(i) accountable manager;
(ii) safety manager;
(iii) if the ASAO’s approved functions include
administering aircraft—the manager of the
function;
(iv) any other position with the responsibilities
prescribed by the Part 149 Manual of
Standards; or
for a balloon transport operator—means the people
(however described) that hold, or carry out the
responsibilities of, the positions mentioned in paragraphs
(a) and (b) of the definition of key personnel in subsection
28(3) of the Act.
kind
of an aircraft, means:
(a) for an aircraft that is covered by an aircraft type
rating—the aircraft type rating; and
(b) for an aircraft that is not covered by an aircraft type
rating—the type of aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
kit-built aircraft
an aircraft described in paragraph 21.191(h).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
an aircraft in the primary category that meets the criteria of
paragraph 21.024(1)(a) and that was assembled by a
person from a kit manufactured by the holder of a
production certificate for that kit, without the supervision
and quality control of the production certificate holder under
subregulation 21.184(1).
km
kilometres.
Part 91 MOS
kts
knots.
Part 91 MOS
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
land and hold
short operation
an operation in which the pilot in command of an aircraft:
(a) lands the aircraft on a runway; and
(b) stops the aircraft before an intersection with
another runway; and
(c) does not proceed further until instructed to do so by
air traffic control.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
landing area^
the part of the manoeuvring area primarily intended for
landing or take-off of aircraft.
CAR Part 1
landing area
has the same meaning as in Annex 2 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
L
Landing area. That part of a movement area intended for
the landing or take-off of aircraft.
landing decision
point
landing distance
available
for landing a rotorcraft, means the point, mentioned in the
rotorcraft’s flight manual, from which if an engine failure is
recognised:
(a) a baulked landing may be initiated; or
(b) the landing may be safely continued.
(a) for landing an aeroplane at a certified aerodrome —
the distance declared by the aerodrome operator in
the AIP as available and suitable for the ground run
of the aeroplane when it lands at the aerodrome; or
(b) for landing an aeroplane at an aerodrome other
than a certified aerodrome — the distance
established by the aeroplane operator as available
and suitable for the ground run of the aeroplane
when it lands at the aerodrome.
Part 91 MOS
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
landing distance
available
for landing a rotorcraft, means the total of the following that
are available for the rotorcraft to complete the landing from
the height above the FATO that is mentioned in the
rotorcraft’s flight manual:
(a) the length of the FATO;
(b) the length of the area that is available and suitable
for the rotorcraft to complete a landing on.
Part 91 MOS
landing minima
the minimum values of the following that are used for the
purpose of determining whether an aerodrome may be
used for landing aircraft:
(a) visibility, including runway visibility and runway
visual range;
(b) cloud ceiling height.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
landing minima
requirements
for an aerodrome, see subregulation 91.307.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
landing
performance
requirements
for a rotorcraft, means the landing performance
requirements for the rotorcraft stated in its flight manual.
Part 133 MOS
landing strip
a rectangular portion of the landing area, specially prepared
for the take-off and landing of aircraft in a particular
direction.
CAR Part 1
land station^
a radio station, not capable of being moved, which performs
a mobile service.
CAR Part 1
landing weight
for a flight of an aircraft, means the total weight of the
aircraft, including its load, at landing.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
large RPA
any of the following:
(a) a remotely piloted aeroplane with a gross weight of
more than 150 kg;
(b) a remotely piloted powered parachute with a gross
weight of more than 150 kg;
(c) a remotely piloted rotorcraft with a gross weight of
more than 150 kg;
(d) a remotely piloted powered-lift aircraft with a gross
weight of more than 150 kg;
(e) a remotely piloted airship with an envelope capacity
of more than 100 m3.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
letter of ATSO
design approval
see paragraph 21.601(2)(c).
a letter of ATSO design approval is a CASA design
approval for a foreign-manufactured article which has been
found to meet a specific ATSO in accordance with the
procedures of regulation 21.617;
level
in relation to a flight of an aircraft, has the same meaning as
in Annex 2 to the Chicago Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Level. A generic term relating to the vertical position of an
aircraft in flight and meaning variously, height, altitude or
flight
level.
licence
(a) an aircraft engineer licence; or
(b) a flight crew licence, rating or endorsement; or
(c) any of the following within the meaning of
subregulation 5.01(1):
(i) a balloon class endorsement;
(ii) a balloon flight crew rating;
(iii) a commercial pilot (balloon) licence;
(iv) a flight radiotelephone operator licence.
CAR 263
licensed^
licensed under these Regulations.
CAR Part 1
licensed
licensed under CASR or CAR.
CASR Dictionary
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
Part 1*
licensed aircraft
maintenance
engineer
an individual who holds an aircraft engineer licence that is
in force.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
life limit
for an aeronautical product that is fitted, or is to be fitted, to
a limited category aircraft, has the meaning given by the
Part 132 Manual of Standards.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
light balloon
see regulation 101.145.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
A light balloon is an unmanned free balloon that:
(a) carries a payload to which all of the following apply:
(i) the payload does not include a heavy package;
(ii) the payload has a combined mass of more than
50 g but less than 4 kg;
(iii) if a rope or other device has been used for the
suspension of the payload—an impact force of
less than 230 N is required to separate the
suspended payload from the balloon; or
(b) has a diameter of greater than 2 metres at launch
and either:
(i) is not carrying a payload; or
(ii) is carrying a payload with a combined mass of
50 g or less.
lighter-than-air
aircraft^
is the generic term for aircraft supported chiefly by their
buoyancy in the air.
CAR Part 1
lighter-than-air
aircraft
is the generic term for aircraft that are supported chiefly by
their buoyancy in the air.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
light sport
aircraft
an aircraft that:
(a) has:
(i) if the aircraft is not intended for operation on
water—a maximum take-off weight of 600
kilograms or less; or
(ii) if the aircraft is intended for operation on
water—a maximum take-off weight of 650
kilograms or less; or
(iii) if the aircraft is a lighter-than-air aircraft—a
maximum gross weight of 560 kilograms or
less; and
(b) if the aircraft is a powered aircraft that is not a
glider—has a single, non-turbine engine fitted with
a propeller; and
(c) has a maximum stall speed in the landing
configuration (Vso) of 45 knots calibrated air speed;
and
(d) if the aircraft is a glider—has a maximum neverexceed speed (Vne) of 135 knots calibrated air
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
speed; and
(e) if the aircraft has a cabin—has an un-pressurised
cabin; and
(f) if the aircraft is designed to be equipped with
seating—has a maximum seating capacity of 2
persons, including the pilot; and
(g) if the aircraft is a manned free balloon that is not
designed to be equipped with seating—can carry
no more than 2 persons; and
(h) has:
(i) in the case of an amphibian—repositionable
landing gear; or
(ii) in the case of a glider—fixed landing gear or
retractable landing gear; or
(iii) in any other case—fixed landing gear.
limited aerial
work operation
an aerial work operation:
(a) that is described in subregulation 138.030 (2); and
(b) for which the operator is not required by
subregulation 138.030 (1) to be an aerial work
certificate holder.
Part 138 MOS
Note: The effect of this definition is that a limited aerial work
operation is either or both of the following:
(a) spotting or photography where no remuneration is
received by any of the following for the operation:
(i) the pilot;
(ii) for a registered aircraft — the registered operator;
(iii) for an unregistered aircraft — the aircraft owner;
(iv) a person or organisation on whose behalf the
operation is conducted;
(b) an operation that is:
(i) for a registered aircraft — conducted over land
owned or occupied by the registered operator; and
(ii) otherwise — conducted over land owned or occupied
by the aircraft owner; and
(iii) not conducted over a populous area or public
gathering; and
(iv) not an external load operation involving the carriage
of a person as an external load.
limited aerial
work operator
an operator who conducts a limited aerial work operation.
Part 138 MOS
limited category
for an aircraft, means the category of aircraft that satisfy the
requirements for issue of a special certificate of
airworthiness mentioned in regulation 21.189.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
limited category
aircraft
see regulation 132.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
limited category aircraft means an aircraft for which a special
certificate of airworthiness mentioned in regulation 21.189 is in
force.
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
limited category
certificate
see regulation 132.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
limited category certificate means a special certificate of
airworthiness to which an applicant is entitled under
regulation 21.189.
limited category
organisation
see regulation 132.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
limited category organisation means an organisation that
is approved under regulation 262AN of CAR to perform
functions in relation to limited category aircraft.
LNAV
lateral navigation.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
load
in the expression external load, means anyone or anything
that is picked-up, carried and set-down by an aircraft during
an external load operation
Part 138 MOS
Note: A load is not cargo.
LOC
Localiser.
Part 91 MOS
long-range radio
navigation
system^
a navigation system which:
(a) is carried on, or installed in, an aircraft; and
(b) is used to determine the position of the aircraft by
simultaneously interpreting radio signals
transmitted by a network of ground-based or
satellite-based radio transmitters.
CAR Part 1
lowest safe
altitude^
has the same meaning as in the AIP.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
lowest safe
altitude
for a route or route segment of a flight of an aircraft, means
the lowest altitude that will provide safe terrain clearance for
the aircraft for the route or route segment calculated in
accordance with a method specified in the Part 173 Manual
of Standards, the operator’s exposition or the operator’s
operations manual.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
Note: The methods specified in the Part 173 Manual of Standards
are also published in the AIP.
low-risk
electronic
device
(a) a digital mobile telephone; or
(b) a hand-held personal digital assistant; or
(c) an electronic device:
(i) to which the IEEE Standard for Information
technology—Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems—Local
and metropolitan area network—Specific
requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium
Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
Specifications (as in force from time to time)
applies; and
(ii) that transmits only in a way that meets that
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
standard.
low-visibility
approach
low-visibility
operation
an approach using minima for a runway that are below the
category I precision approach minima for the runway
published in the AIP.
(a) a low-visibility take-off; or
(b) a low-visibility approach.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
low-visibility
take-off
a take-off with a runway visual range of less than 550 m.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
LP
localiser performance.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
LPV
localiser performance with vertical navigation.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
LSALT
see lowest safe altitude.
-
m
for a distance, means metres.
Part 91 MOS
maintenance
any task required to ensure, or that could affect, the
continuing airworthiness of an aircraft or aeronautical
product, including any one or combination of overhaul,
repair, inspection, replacement of an aeronautical product,
modification or defect rectification.
The Act
maintenance
controller
a person:
(a) appointed under regulation 42ZV; and
(b) whose appointment:
(i) is approved under regulation 42ZW; and
(ii) is not suspended or cancelled under regulation
42ZX.
CAR Part 1
maintenance
control manual
a maintenance control manual mentioned in regulation
42ZY.
CAR Part 1
maintenance
instruction
an instruction that is issued by:
(a) CASA or an authorised person in writing under
regulation 38; or
(b) the manufacturer of an aircraft, aircraft component
or aircraft material; or
(c) the designer of a modification or repair of an aircraft
or aircraft component;
but does not include an instruction issued by a
manufacturer or designer if it is clear from the terms of the
instruction that the manufacturer or designer regards
compliance with the instruction as optional.
CAR Part 1
maintenance
release
maintenance release in force under regulation 43.
CAR Part 1
maintenance
in relation to a class B aircraft, means the maintenance
CAR Part 1
M
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
schedule
schedule referred to in regulation 42A, 42B, 42C or 42CA
that applies to the aircraft.
major
for a modification or repair to a limited category aircraft: see
regulation 132.020.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
major change
for a type design: see regulation 21.093.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Changes in type design are classified as minor or major. A
minor change is one that has no appreciable effect on the
weight, balance, structural strength, reliability, operational
characteristics, or other characteristics affecting the
airworthiness of an aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller. All
other changes are major changes.
major damage
major defect
in relation to an aircraft, means damage of such a kind that
it may affect the safety of the aircraft or cause the aircraft to
become a danger to person or property.
(a) in relation to an aeronautical product that is not
fitted to an aircraft—a defect of such a kind that the
aeronautical product, if fitted to an aircraft, may
affect the safety of the aircraft or cause the aircraft
to become a danger to persons or property; and
(b) in relation to an aircraft—a defect of such a kind
that it may affect the safety of the aircraft or cause
the aircraft to become a danger to persons or
property; and
(c) for an emergency parachute—see regulation
105.010; and
(d) for a reserve parachute—see regulation 105.010.
CAR Part 1
CASR Dictionary
Part 1>
From regulation 105.010.
major defect means:
(a) for an emergency parachute—a defect of any part
of the emergency parachute that may affect the
safe operation of the parachute or cause the
parachute to become a danger to persons or
property;
(b) for a reserve parachute—a defect of any part of the
reserve parachute assembly that may affect the
safe operation of the parachute or cause the
parachute to become a danger to persons or
property.
manned
balloon^
a balloon that is:
(a) capable of carrying one or more persons; and
(b) equipped with controls that enable control of the
altitude of the balloon.
CAR Part 1
manned free
free balloon that:
CASR Dictionary
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Term
balloon^
Definition
Source
(a) is capable of carrying 1 or more persons; and
(b) is equipped with controls that enable the altitude of
the balloon to be controlled.
Part 1
manned free
balloon
free balloon that:
(a) is equipped to carry 1 or more persons; and
(b) is equipped with controls that enable the altitude of
the balloon to be controlled.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
manoeuvring
area
that part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off and
landing of aircraft and for the movement of aircraft
associated with take-off and landing, but does not include
any part of an aerodrome to be used:
(a) for the purpose of enabling passengers to board
aircraft or disembark from aircraft;
(b) for loading cargo on to aircraft or unloading cargo
from aircraft; or
(c) for refuelling, parking or carrying out maintenance
on aircraft.
The Act
manual welding
welding carried out and controlled completely by hand.
CAR Part 1
manufacturer’s
maintenance
schedule
in relation to an aircraft, means a schedule issued by the
manufacturer of the aircraft that sets out what maintenance
should be carried out on the aircraft and when it should be
carried out.
CAR Part 1
markings
for an aircraft: see regulation 45.015
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Markings, for an aircraft, are the Australian nationality mark
and the aircraft’s registration mark, in that order, connected
by a hyphen.
However, if the aircraft is a registered glider operating in
Australian territory, and the first letter of the aircraft’s
registration mark is “G”, the aircraft’s markings need not
include:
(a) that first letter; or
(b) the Australian nationality mark.
master minimum
equipment list
see regulation 91.925.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
master minimum equipment list or MMEL, for a type of
aircraft, means the document:
(a) that includes a list of items in the aircraft that may
(subject to any conditions or limitations specified in
the document) be inoperative for a flight of the
aircraft; and
(b) prepared by the holder of the type certificate for the
aircraft; and
(c) approved by the national aviation authority that
issued the type certificate for the aircraft.
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
materials
Review Board
Definition
Source
(a) for a manufacturer manufacturing an aircraft,
aircraft engine or propeller under a type certificate
only—the Materials Review Board established
under paragraph 21.125(1)(a); and
(b) for a manufacturer manufacturing an aircraft,
aircraft engine or propeller under a production
certificate—the Materials Review Board established
under regulation 21.145.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
maximum
carrying
capacity^
for an aircraft, means the maximum payload permitted
under the aircraft’s certificate of type approval.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
maximum
certificated
passenger
seating capacity
for an aircraft, means the maximum passenger seating
capacity permitted under the aircraft’s type certificate,
foreign type certificate, supplemental type certificate or
foreign supplemental type certificate.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
maximum
diversion time
the maximum time approved by CASA for an operator to
conduct an EDTO using a particular aeroplane and
airframe/engine combination.
Part 121 MOS
maximum
landing weight^
in relation to an aircraft, means the weight set out in the
certificate of airworthiness of, or the flight manual for, the
aircraft as the maximum landing weight.
CAR Part 1
maximum
landing weight
for an aircraft, means the maximum landing weight for the
aircraft permitted by:
(a) for an aircraft that is type certificated—the flight
manual for the aircraft; or
(b) for an aircraft that is not type certificated:
(i) if a document, published by the manufacturer of
the aircraft setting out the operating limitations
for the aircraft, specifies a weight—that
document; or
(ii) if no weight is specified in the document
mentioned in subparagraph (i), or if a different
weight is specified in the certificate of
airworthiness for the aircraft—the certificate of
airworthiness for the aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
maximum
operational
passenger seat
configuration
for an aircraft, means the maximum passenger seat
capacity of the aircraft, excluding crew stations:
(a) approved by CASA for the operator of the aircraft:
(i) for an operator that is not an Australian air
transport operator—under regulation 201.030;
or
(ii) for an Australian air transport operator—as part
of the approval of the operator’s exposition
under Part 119; and
(b) specified in the operator’s operations manual (if
any).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
maximum
passenger
seating capacity
for an aircraft, means the maximum number of seats for
persons (excluding flight crew and cabin crew) in the
aircraft that is:
(a) approved by CASA; and
(b) specified in the aircraft operator’s operations
manual.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
maximum
payload
capacity
for an aircraft, means the maximum payload permitted
under the aircraft’s type certificate, foreign type certificate,
supplemental type certificate or foreign supplemental type
certificate.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
maximum takeoff weight^
in relation to an aircraft, means the weight set out in the
certificate of airworthiness of, or the flight manual for, the
aircraft as the maximum take-off weight.
CAR Part 1
maximum takeoff weight
for an aircraft, means the maximum take-off weight for the
aircraft permitted by:
(a) for an aircraft that is type certificated—the flight
manual for the aircraft; or
(b) for an aircraft that is not type certificated:
(i) if a document, published by the manufacturer of
the aircraft setting out the operating limitations
for the aircraft, specifies a weight—that
document; or
(ii) if the certificate of airworthiness for the aircraft
specifies a different weight to the weight
specified in the document mentioned in
subparagraph (i)—the certificate of
airworthiness for the aircraft; or
(c) if no weight is specified in the document mentioned
in subparagraph (i) or in the certificate of
airworthiness for the aircraft and the aircraft is a
Part 103 aircraft in relation to which a statement of
acceptance for the aircraft has been issued by a
Part 103 ASAO in accordance with regulation
103.030—the weight specified in the statement of
acceptance.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
maximum zero
fuel weight
of an aeroplane, means the maximum weight for the
aeroplane, not including disposable fuel or oil, that is set out
in:
(a) the type certificate data sheet for the aeroplane; or
the aeroplane’s flight manual.
Part 121 MOS
MDA
minimum descent altitude.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
MDH
minimum descent height.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
medical
(a) a medical certificate issued under Subpart 67.C; or
CASR Dictionary
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Term
certificate
medically
significant
condition
medical
practitioner
Definition
Source
(b) for the holder of a certificate of validation of an
overseas flight crew licence—the holder’s overseas
medical certificate.
has the meaning given by subregulation 67.010(1).
Part 1
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
medically significant condition includes:
(a) any of the following (no matter how minor):
(i) any illness or injury;
(ii) any bodily infirmity, defect or incapacity;
(iii) any mental infirmity, defect or incapacity;
(iv) any sequela of an illness, injury, infirmity,
defect or incapacity mentioned in subparagraph
(i), (ii) or (iii); and
(b) any abnormal psychological state; and
(c) drug addiction and drug dependence; and
(d) or a woman—pregnancy and the physiological and
psychological consequences of pregnancy or of
termination of pregnancy.
(a) for Part 61 has the meaning given by regulation
61.010; and
(b) for Part 67 has the meaning given by subregulation
67.010(1).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
For Part 61: medical practitioner means a person entitled
to practise as a medical practitioner under a law of a State
or Territory.
For Part 67 medical practitioner means a person entitled
to practise as a medical practitioner under a law of a State
or Territory or under a law of a Contracting State.
medical
transport
operating site
for a rotorcraft, has the meaning given by the Part 133
Manual of Standards.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
Meaning of medical transport operating site
(1) Subject to subsection (2), a medical transport
operating site, for a rotorcraft, is a site:
(a) at which a take-off or landing of the rotorcraft is, or
is to be, conducted as part of a medical transport
operation, or for the purpose of training for a
medical transport operation; or
(b) over which the rotorcraft is required to operate in
order to conduct a medical transport operation, or
for the purpose of training for a medical transport
operation.
(2) A medical transport operating site, for a rotorcraft,
does not include—
(a) an aerodrome that is used as the rotorcraft
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
operator’s base for the rotorcraft; or
(b) a hospital, or other facility, with a purpose-built
heliport.
medical
transport
operation
see clause 70 of Part 2 of this Dictionary.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
(1) A medical transport operation is an operation:
(a) the primary purpose of which is to transport one or
more of the following:
(i) medical patients;
(ii) medical personnel;
(iii) blood, tissue or organs for transfusion, grafting
or transplantation; or
(b) of a kind prescribed by the Part 119 Manual of
Standards for the purposes of this paragraph
Note: Other medical supplies (including medical equipment and
medicines) might also be transported on an aircraft for a medical
transport operation.
(2) Despite subclause (1), an operation is not a medical
transport operation if the operation is of a kind
prescribed by the Part 119 Manual of Standards for the
purposes of this subclause.
medical
transport
specialist
medium balloon
(a) a crew member for a flight who carries out a
specified function during the flight relating to a
medical transport operation, and who is not:
(i) a flight crew member for the flight; or
(ii) an air crew member for the flight; or
(iii) a crew member, for a flight, of a kind prescribed
by the Part 119 Manual of Standards for the
purposes of this paragraph.
see regulation 101.145.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
A medium balloon is an unmanned free balloon that
carries a payload to which all of the following apply:
(a) the payload includes at least 2 packages but no
heavy packages;
(b) the payload has a combined mass of at least 4 kg
but less than 6 kg;
(c) if a rope or other device has been used for the
suspension of the payload—an impact force of less
than 230 N is required to separate the suspended
payload from the balloon.
medium RPA
meets the
(a) an RPA with a gross weight of at least 25 kg but not
more than 150 kg; or
(b) a remotely piloted airship with an envelope capacity
of 100 m3 or less.
has the meaning given by regulation 67.262.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
CASR Dictionary
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
modified
Austroads
medical
standards
Definition
Source
Part 1
medical standards
Unconditional licence under the private vehicle driver
standards
(1) A person meets the modified Austroads medical
standards if the person is fit to hold an unconditional
licence under the modified Austroads medical
standards.
Conditional licence under the private vehicle driver
standards
(2) Also, a person meets the modified Austroads
medical standards if all of the following apply to the
person:
(a) the person is fit to hold a conditional licence under
the modified Austroads medical standards;
(b) under the standards, the only reason that the
person is not fit to hold an unconditional licence is
because the person’s uncorrected visual acuity
does not meet the standard for the issue of an
unconditional licence;
(c) the person’s visual acuity is corrected by lenses to
at least 6/12 in one eye and at least 6/18 in the
other eye.
MEL
see regulation 91.925.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
minimum equipment list or MEL, for an aircraft, means a
document:
(a) that includes a list of items in the aircraft that may
(subject to any conditions or limitations specified in
the document) be inoperative for a flight of the
aircraft; and
(b) prepared by the operator of the aircraft; and
(c) approved under regulation 91.935; and
(d) that complies with the requirements mentioned in
regulation 91.930;
and includes any variation to the document approved
under regulation 91.940.
MEL
see minimum equipment list.
-
meteorological
information^
all classes of meteorological reports, analyses, forecasts,
warnings, advices and revisions or amendments thereto
which may be required in connection with the operation of
air routes.
CAR Part 1
meteorological
information
information:
(a) that is any of the following kinds:
(i) meteorological reports;
(ii) meteorological analyses;
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
Source
meteorological forecasts;
meteorological warnings;
meteorological advices;
revisions or amendments of any of those kinds
of information; and
(b) which may be required for aviation purposes.
meteorological
minima^
the minimum values of meteorological elements as
determined by CASA in respect of specified types of flight
operation.
CAR Part 1
meteorological
observation^
the qualitative or quantitative evaluation by instrumental or
visual means of one or more meteorological elements at a
place at a given time.
CAR Part 1
meteorological
observer^
a person authorised by the Director of Meteorology to make
or record meteorological observations or a person approved
by CASA for that purpose.
CAR Part 1
meteorological
report^
statement, presented in plain language or in code, either
orally, in written form or by telecommunication, of past or
present meteorological conditions at ground level or in the
free air as observed from a given place.
CAR Part 1
micro RPA
an RPA with a gross weight of 100 g or less.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
MID
mid zone.
Part 91 MOS
mile^
an International Nautical Mile, being 1,852 metres.
CAR Part 1
military
aerodrome^
an aerodrome under the control of any part of the Defence
Force.
CAR Part 1
military
aerodrome
an aerodrome controlled by a part of the Defence Force.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
military aircraft^
aircraft of any part of the Defence Force (including any
aircraft that is being constructed for any part of the Defence
Force), other than any aircraft that is registered under these
Regulations as an Australian aircraft.
CAR Part 1
military aircraft
an aircraft of any part of the Defence Force (including an
aircraft that is being constructed for any part of the Defence
Force), other than an aircraft that is an Australian aircraft
that is registered.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
minimum
equipment list^
for an aircraft, means a list of each defect in the aircraft that
is approved as a permissible unserviceability under
regulation 37 of CAR.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
minimum
equipment list
see regulation 91.925.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
minimum equipment list or MEL, for an aircraft, means a
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Term
Definition
Source
document:
(a) that includes a list of items in the aircraft that may
(subject to any conditions or limitations specified in
the document) be inoperative for a flight of the
aircraft; and
(b) prepared by the operator of the aircraft; and
(c) approved under regulation 91.935; and
(d) that complies with the requirements mentioned in
regulation 91.930;
and includes any variation to the document approved under
regulation 91.940.
minimum flight
altitude
for a point on the route, or a route segment, of a flight of a
rotorcraft, means:
(a) for an IFR flight or a VFR flight at night:
(i) the published LSALT for the route or route
segment; or
(ii) if subparagraph (i) does not apply — the
LSALT for the route or route segment; or
(b) for a VFR flight at night when not using the LSALT
determined under paragraph (a) — 1 000 ft above
the highest obstacle on the ground or water within
10 NM ahead of, and to either side of, the aircraft at
that point; or
(c) for a VFR flight by day over a populous area — 1
000 ft above the highest feature or obstacle within a
horizontal radius of 300 metres of that point on the
ground or water immediately below the rotorcraft; or
(d) for a VFR flight by day other than over a populous
area — 500 ft above the highest feature or obstacle
within a horizontal radius of 300 metres of that point
on the ground or water immediately below the
rotorcraft.
Part 133 MOS
Part 138 MOS
minimum height
the applicable height under the following regulations:
(a) for a flight over a populous area or a public
gathering — regulation 91.265;
(b) for a flight over other than a populous area or a
public gathering — regulation 91.267;
(c) for a VFR flight at night — regulation 91.277;
for an IFR flight — regulation 91.305.
Part 138 MOS
minor change
for a type design: see regulation 21.093.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Changes in type design are classified as minor or major. A
minor change is one that has no appreciable effect on the
weight, balance, structural strength, reliability, operational
characteristics, or other characteristics affecting the
airworthiness of an aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller. All
other changes are major changes.
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
MLS
microwave landing system.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
MMEL
see regulation 91.925.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
master minimum equipment list or MMEL, for a type of
aircraft, means the document:
(a) that includes a list of items in the aircraft that may
(subject to any conditions or limitations specified in
the document) be inoperative for a flight of the
aircraft; and
(b) prepared by the holder of the type certificate for the
aircraft; and
(c) approved by the national aviation authority that
issued the type certificate for the aircraft.
model
for an aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller, means a
particular version of a type of aircraft, aircraft engine or
propeller that is distinguished from another version of the
same type by a change of sufficient effect on the weight,
balance, structural strength, operational characteristics as
would require a separate entry on a type certificate,
identifying and approving the particular version as distinct
from the identification and approval of other versions.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
model aircraft
an aircraft that is used for sport or recreation, and cannot
carry a person.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
model rocket
see regulation 101.425.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
model rocket means a rocket that:
(a) weighs no more than 1 500 grams; and
(b) carries no more than 125 grams of propellant; and
(c) produces no more than 320 newton-seconds of
impulse; and
(d) is made of balsa, wood, paper or plastics or a
combination of those materials, but contains no
metal as structural parts.
modification/rep
air design
approval
an approval granted under regulation 21.435 or 21.437.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
moored
in relation to lighter-than-air aircraft, means the aircraft:
(a) is tethered; and
(b) is not occupied by any person.
CAR Part 1
MOS
Manual of Standards.
Part 91 MOS
Part 138 MOS
movement
area^
that part of an aerodrome to be used for the surface
movement of aircraft, including manoeuvring areas and
aprons.
CAR Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
movement area
has the same meaning as in Annex 11 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Movement area. That part of an aerodrome to be used for
the take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, consisting of the
manoeuvring area and the apron(s).
MSA or
minimum sector
altitude
the lowest usable altitude that provides at least 300 m (or
1 000 ft) clearance above all objects within a sector of a
circle of radius 46 km (or 25 NM) centred on a significant
point.
Part 91 MOS
MTOW
see maximum take-off weight.
-
MTOW HOGE
maximum take-off weight hover out of ground effect.
Part 138 MOS
multi-crew
operation
see regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
multi-crew operation means an operation that requires at
least 2 pilots in:
(a) a multi-crew aircraft; or
(b) an aircraft that is equipped, and required by these
Regulations, to be operated by a crew of at least 2
pilots.
multi-flight
journey
a journey to a destination that involves more than one flight,
if all of the flights are conducted by the same operator using
the same aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
NAA
see national aviation authority.
-
NAT-HLA
North Atlantic High-Level Airspace, and is the airspace to
which NAT Doc 007, North Atlantic Operations and
Airspace Manual (as in force from time to time) applies.
Part 91 MOS
national aviation
authority
for a foreign country:
(a) means the authority that is responsible for
regulating civil aviation in the country; and
(b) includes:
(i) the national airworthiness authority for the
country; and
(ii) if EASA carries out functions on behalf of the
country—EASA; and
(c) for China, for matters relating to Hong Kong—the
Civil Aviation Department of Hong Kong.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
navigation
database
the data from an approved provider loaded onto an aircraft
navigation system.
Part 91 MOS
navigation
specification
has the meaning given by the Part 91 Manual of Standards:
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
N
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
navigation specification means a set of aircraft and
aircrew requirements needed to support PBN operations
within a defined airspace, being either:
(a) RNAV specification which is a navigation
specification based on area navigation that does
not include the requirement for on-board
performance monitoring and alerting, and is
designated by the prefix RNAV, for example, RNAV
5, RNAV 1; or
(b) RNP specification which is a navigation
specification based on area navigation that includes
the requirement for on-board performance
monitoring and alerting, and is designated by the
prefix RNP, for example, RNP 2, RNP APCH.
navigation
system^
in relation to an aircraft, means a system by which the
aircraft can be navigated.
CAR Part 1
navigation
system
in relation to an aircraft, means a system by which the
aircraft can be navigated.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
navigational
tolerance
1 of the following:
(a) for PBN operations — ½ x the RNP value for the
segment of the IAP being conducted;
(b) for VOR or LOC-based operations — half-scale
deflection of the course deviation indicator;
(c) for NDB-based operations — + or - 5° from the
specified bearing;
(d) for DME-based operations — + or - 2 NM from the
required arc;
(e) for operations based on visual navigation — 1 NM
from the cleared track.
Part 91 MOS
NDB
non-directional beacon.
Part 91 MOS
net flight path
the gross flight path reduced in elevation or extended in
length by margins stated in subparagraphs 9.06(4)(g)(i) to
(iii).
Part 121 MOS
Note: The margins are to allow for factors such as deterioration
in aeroplane performance and variations in pilot techniques in
relating aeroplane performance to obstacle clearance.
Note: reference to subparagraphs 9.06(4)(g)(i) to (iii) references to
those subparagraphs in the Part 121 MOS.
night
the period between the end of evening civil twilight and the
beginning of the following morning civil twilight.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
night flight^
flight during night.
CAR Part 1
NM
nautical miles.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
Part 138 MOS
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
non-command
pilot’s seat
of an aircraft, means the pilot seat not normally occupied by
the pilot in command during a flight of the aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
non-controlled
aerodrome^
an aerodrome at which an air traffic control service is not
operating.
Note: A non-controlled aerodrome is also known as a nontowered aerodrome.
CAR Part 1
non-controlled
aerodrome
an aerodrome at which an air traffic control service is not
operating.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
non-precision
approach
runway
has the same meaning as in Annex 14, Aerodromes, to the
Chicago Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Non-precision approach runway. A runway served by
visual aids and non-visual aid(s) intended for landing
operations following an instrument approach operation type
A and a visibility not less than 1 000 m.
non-scheduled
air transport
operation
an air transport operation that is not:
(a) a scheduled air transport operation; or
(b) a medical transport operation.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Note: A non-scheduled air transport operation includes an
operation for the carriage, in accordance with fixed schedules to
and from fixed terminals, of passengers or cargo, or passengers
and cargo, in circumstances in which the accommodation in the
aircraft is not available for use by persons generally.
non-scheduled
flight
a flight over or into Australian territory otherwise than under
the authority of an international airline licence issued under
the Air Navigation Act 1920.
The Act
non-technical
skills
specific human competencies, including critical decision
making, team communication, situational awareness and
workload management, which may minimise human error in
aviation.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
normal cruising
speed
for an aeroplane or rotorcraft, means the speed stated in
the flight manual for the aeroplane or rotorcraft as a normal
cruising speed in International Standard Atmosphere
conditions with all engines operating.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
NOTAM (short
for Notice to
Airmen)
has the same meaning as in the Air Services Regulations
2019.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Notice to Airmen or NOTAM means a Notice to Airmen
published in accordance with section 15.
Note: section 15 of the Air Services Regulations 2019 prescribes
requirements for the following:
(a) When NOTAMs must be published
(b) Information in NOTAMs
(c) Timing and manner of publication
(d) NOTAM not a legislative instrument.
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
NOTAM
authorised
person
of an aeronautical data originator, means a person
appointed by the originator as a NOTAM authorised person
under regulation 175.445.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
NOTAM Office
the office of AA responsible for the publication of NOTAMS.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
non-precision
approach, or
NPA
an instrument approach procedure designed for 2D instrument
approach operations.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
NVD
night vision device.
Part 91 MOS
NVG
night vision goggles.
Part 91 MOS
NVIS
night vision imaging system.
Part 91 MOS,
Part 133 MOS,
Part 138 MOS
NVIS flight
flight conducted using a night vision imaging system.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
NVIS operation
has the same meaning as in CAO 82.6.
Part 138 MOS
NVIS operation means 1 or more of the following
operations under the VFR or the IFR using NVIS as the
primary means of terrain avoidance for safe air navigation
by means of visual surface reference external to an aircraft:
(a) search and rescue;
(b) law enforcement;
(c) aerial fire fighting;
(d) aerial fire fighting support;
(e) emergency medical services;
(ea) disaster or emergency relief;
(f) marine pilot transfer;
(fa) Department of Defence support;
(g) pilot training for 1 or more of the operations
mentioned in paragraphs (a) to (f);
(h) an NVIS flight for demonstrating NVIS technology;
(i) a positioning flight for an operation mentioned in
paragraphs (a) to (f);
(j) training, testing and proficiency checking in
accordance with Part 61 of CASR 1998 for an NVIS
rating or endorsement;
(k) NVIS competency training for:
(i) an NVIS pilot conducted by an NVIS operator’s
TCO or Part 142 operator in accordance with
this Order; or
(ii) an NVIS aircrew member conducted by an
NVIS operator’s TCO in accordance with this
Order.
(l) training and testing for a person to qualify as an
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
NVIS aircrew member in accordance with this
Order for 1 or more of the operations mentioned in
paragraphs (a) to (f);
(m) an NVIS CCF for an NVIS aircrew member in
accordance with this Order.
NVIS qualified
crew
a crew that is qualified for NVIS operations in accordance
with Part 61 of CASR, and CAO 82.6, as applicable.
Part 138 MOS
obstacle
limitation
surface
of an aerodrome, means a surface associated with the
aerodrome that is ascertained in accordance with the
requirements prescribed by the Part 139 Manual of
Standards for the purposes of this definition.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
OEI
for a rotorcraft, means one engine inoperative.
Part 138 MOS
OEI
accountability
for the flight of a multi-engine rotorcraft, means:
(a) operating in accordance with a performance class
of PC2WE or higher performance class as
described in the Part 133 MOS; or
(b) during the take-off, take-off and initial climb, en
route, and approach and landing and baulked
landing, phases of a flight, as applicable, doing all
of the following:
(i) operating in accordance with the requirements
of the rotorcraft’s AFM Category A performance
supplement;
(ii) remaining clear of obstacles;
(iii) using en route performance to fly to a suitable
OEI landing area at or above the minimum
height for the flight: or
(c) operating OEI with the capability to do all of the
following:
(i) remain clear of obstacles; and
(ii) reach a suitable forced landing area; and
(iii) conduct a landing using the power available in
the remaining engine within its operating limits.
Part 138 MOS
OEI
accountability
for the flight of a single-engine rotorcraft, means:
(a) operating in accordance with a performance class
of PC3 as defined by the Part 133 MOS; or
(b) operating by day in VMC in accordance with the
requirements of the rotorcraft’s AFM and with the
capability to:
(i) remain clear of obstacles; and
(ii) reach a suitable forced landing area; and
(iii) conduct a forced landing into the area without
causing a hazard to persons or property on the
ground in the area; or
(c) operating at night in VMC using NVIS and able to
Part 138 MOS
O
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
comply with the requirements mentioned in
paragraph (b) as if they applied.
officer
of a corporation, in Part 149, has the same meaning as in
regulation 142.035.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
officer, of a corporation, means:
(a) for a corporation that is a company (within the
meaning of the Corporations Act 2001)—a director,
secretary or executive officer of the corporation; or
(b) for a corporation of any other kind—a person
exercising responsibility, in relation to the
corporation, as nearly as possible the same as that
of a director, secretary or executive officer of a
company (within the meaning of the Corporations
Act 2001).
offshore facility
has the same meaning as in the Maritime Transport and
Offshore Facilities Act 2003.
Part 138 MOS
offshore facility has the meaning given by section 17A.
17A Meaning of offshore facility
(1) An offshore facility is a facility, located in an offshore
area, that is used in the extraction of petroleum from
the seabed or its subsoil with equipment on, or forming
part of, the facility, and includes:
(a) any structure, located in the offshore area, used in
operations or activities associated with, or
incidental to, activities of that kind; and
(b) any vessel, located in the offshore area, used in
operations or activities associated with, or
incidental to, activities of that kind.
(2) A FPSO located in an offshore area is an offshore
facility.
(3) A FSU located in an offshore area is an offshore facility.
Note: A FPSO or FSU is both a ship and an offshore facility. As it
is an offshore facility, the Secretary may declare it to be a security
regulated offshore facility. If this happens, the ship ceases to be a
security regulated ship.
(4) However, a ship is not an offshore facility, and does not
form part of an offshore facility, if it is:
(a) an offtake tanker; or
(b) a tug or an anchor handler; or
(c) a ship used to supply an offshore facility, or
otherwise travel between an offshore facility and
the shore.
(5) An offshore facility does not include any pipeline that is
beneath the low water mark.
(6) A mobile offshore drilling unit is not an offshore facility,
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
and does not form part of an offshore facility.
(7) In this Act, an offshore area is an area in:
(a) Australian waters; or
(b) the exclusive economic zone of Australia (including
its external Territories); or
(i) the sea over the continental shelf of Australia
(including its external Territories).
off-shore
installation
an installation that is erected on, or floating in the sea
above, the continental shelf for the purpose of extracting, or
exploring for, petroleum or natural gas.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
offshore
surveillance
operation
a surveillance operation that is conducted over the sea.
Part 138 MOS
one-engineinoperative
cruising speed
for an aeroplane, means any speed stated in the
aeroplane’s flight manual as a cruising speed with one
engine inoperative.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
operate
in relation to an aerodrome, includes manage, maintain and
improve the aerodrome.
The Act
operated within
the visual line of
sight
see subregulation 101.073(3).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
operating crew^
any person who:
(a) is on board an aircraft with the consent of the
operator of the aircraft; and
(b) has duties in relation to the flying or safety of the
aircraft.
Meaning of operated within visual line of sight
An unmanned aircraft is being operated within the visual
line of sight of the person operating the aircraft if the
person can continually see, orient and navigate the aircraft
to meet the person’s separation and collision avoidance
responsibilities, with or without corrective lenses, but
without the use of binoculars, a telescope or other similar
device.
CAR Part 1
Note: This definition includes persons:
(a) who are conducting flight tests; or
(b) who are conducting surveillance to ensure that the flight
is conducted in accordance with these Regulations; or
(c) who are in the aircraft for the purpose of:
(i) receiving flying training; or
(ii) practising for the issue of a flight crew licence.
operating crew
a crew member.
CAR Part 1*
operational
control
for a flight of an aircraft, means control over the initiation,
continuation, diversion or ending of the flight in the interests
of the safety of the aircraft and the regularity and efficiency
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
of the flight.
operational flight
plan
operational
information
service^
operations
manual^
operations
manual
operational
safety-critical
personnel
(a) for a Part 121 operation—means a plan that meets
the requirements of regulation 121.175; or
(b) for a Part 133 operation—means a plan that meets
the requirements of regulation 133.135; or
(c) for a Part 135 operation—means a plan that meets
the requirements of regulation 135.145.
a service for the provision of advice and information to
assist in the safe and efficient conduct of flights, including
the provision of advice and information at the request of a
pilot in command of an aircraft.
(a) for an operator as defined in regulation 212 of
CAR—the manual required to be provided by the
operator under regulation 215 of CAR; or
(b) for a limited category organisation—the manual
mentioned in subregulation 262AN(2) of CAR for
the organisation.
(a) for a limited category organisation—the manual
mentioned in subregulation 262AN(2) of CAR for
the organisation; or
(b) for an aerial work operator:
(i) the set of documents approved by CASA under
regulation 138.045 in relation to the operator; or
(ii) if the set of documents is changed under
regulation 138.060, 138.064 or 138.068, or the
process mentioned in regulation 138.066—the
set of documents as changed.
for an Australian air transport operator, an aerial work
operator or a balloon transport operator:
(a) means personnel carrying out, or responsible for,
safety-related work, including:
(i) personnel carrying out roles that have direct
contact with the physical operation of
aeroplanes, rotorcraft or Part 131 aircraft used
in the operator’s Australian air transport
operations, aerial work operations or balloon
transport operations; and
(ii) personnel carrying out roles that have
operational contact with personnel who operate
aeroplanes, rotorcraft or Part 131 aircraft used
in those operations; and
(iii) personnel described as operational safetycritical personnel in the operator’s exposition or
operations manual; but
(b) does not include personnel who are employed or
engaged by the operator (whether by contract or
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
CAR Part 1
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
other arrangement) and are engaged in:
(i) the provision of continuing airworthiness
management services for aeroplanes, rotorcraft
or Part 131 aircraft used in the operator’s
Australian air transport operations, aerial work
operations or balloon transport operations; or
(ii) carrying out maintenance on an aeroplane,
rotorcraft, Part 131 aircraft or aeronautical
product on behalf of an approved maintenance
organisation.
operations
specifications
has the same meaning as in Chapter 1 of Part 1 of Annex
6, Operation of Aircraft, to the Chicago Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Operations specifications. The authorizations, conditions
and limitations associated with the air operator certificate
and subject to the conditions in the operations manual.
operator^
of an aircraft, means:
(a) if the operation of the aircraft is authorised by an
AOC—the holder of the AOC; or
(b) if the operation of the aircraft is not authorised by
an AOC—the person, organisation or enterprise
that makes the aircraft available to the aircraft’s
pilot in command for a flight.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
operator
of an aircraft, means:
(a) if the operation of the aircraft is authorised by an
AOC, a Part 141 certificate or an aerial work
certificate—the holder of the AOC or certificate; or
(b) otherwise—the person, organisation or enterprise
engaged in aircraft operations involving the aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
operator
proficiency
check
see regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
operative
for anything, means that the thing is not inoperative.
Part 91 MOS
Part 133 MOS
Part 135 MOS
organisation, in
relation to an
ASAO
the organisation established by the ASAO to perform the
approved functions of the ASAO.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
other AIS
applicable ICAO
documents
each of the following documents as approved and
published by decision of the Council of the International
Civil Aviation Organization, as in force from time to time:
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
operator proficiency check means an assessment
conducted by an operator in accordance with its training
and checking responsibilities under these Regulations of
whether a person has the aeronautical skills and knowledge
required by the operator.
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(a) ICAO Document 4444-ATM/501 (Procedures for Air
Navigation Services—Air Traffic Management),
subject to the differences mentioned in Gen 1.7 of
Part 1 of the AIP;
(b) ICAO Document 7030 (Regional Supplementary
Procedures);
(c) ICAO Document 7910 (Location Indicators);
(d) ICAO Document 8168 (PANS-OPS), subject to the
differences mentioned in Gen 1.7 of Part 1 of the
AIP;
(e) ICAO Document 8400 (ICAO Abbreviations and
Codes);
(f) ICAO Document 9432 (Manual of Radiotelephony);
(g) ICAO Document 9674 (World Geodetic System);
(h) ICAO Document 9905-AN/471 (Required
Navigation Performance Authorisation Required
(RNP AR) Procedure Design Manual).
OVC
in relation to cloud, has the same meaning as in ICAO
Document 8896.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
ICAO Document 8896 refers to OVC as 8 oktas of cloud.
overhauled
see paragraph 21.321(2)(d).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
the word overhauled when used to describe a product
means that the product has not been operated or placed in
service, except for functional testing, since having been
overhauled, inspected and approved for return to service in
accordance with these Regulations.
overseas
balloon
authorisation
an authorisation (however described) that:
(a) authorises the holder to perform activities essential
to the operation of balloons during flight time; and
(b) is issued by the responsible authority of a
Contracting State.
CAR Part 5
overseas
endorsement
has the meaning given by regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
overseas endorsement means an authorisation (however
described) granted by the national aviation authority of a
Contracting State, in accordance with Annex 1 to the
Chicago Convention, that is equivalent to a flight crew
endorsement.
overseas flight
crew licence
has the meaning given by regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
overseas flight crew licence means an authorisation
(however described) granted by the national aviation
authority of a Contracting State, in accordance with Annex
1 to the Chicago Convention, that is equivalent to a flight
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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crew licence.
overseas
medical
certificate
in relation to an overseas balloon authorisation, means a
certificate that:
(a) is issued by the responsible authority of the
Contracting State that issued the authorisation; and
(b) indicates that its holder meets the medical standard
set by the responsible authority; and
(c) authorises its holder to exercise the authority given
by the authorisation in the Contracting State.
CAR Part 5
overseas
medical
certificate
has the meaning given by regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
overseas radio
licence
a licence (however described) issued in accordance with
Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention by a country that is a
signatory to the International Telecommunication
Convention.
CAR Part 5
overseas rating
has the meaning given by regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
overseas medical certificate means a medical certificate
(however described) granted by the national aviation
authority of a Contracting State, in accordance with Annex
1 to the Chicago Convention, that is equivalent to a medical
certificate.
overseas rating means an authorisation (however
described) granted by the national aviation authority of a
Contracting State, in accordance with Annex 1 to the
Chicago Convention, that is equivalent to a flight crew
rating.
P
PAL
pilot-activated lighting system.
Part 91 MOS
PANS-AIM
the Procedures for Air Navigation Services-Aeronautical
Information Management approved and published by the
Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization, as in
force from time to time, subject to the differences
mentioned in Gen 1.7 of Part 1 of the AIP.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
parachute
has a meaning affected by regulation 105.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1>
parachute does not include a parasail or a powered
parachute.
parachute
operator
see regulation 105.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1>
parachute operator means a person who carries on a
business or undertaking involving the provision of services
or equipment for undertaking parachute descents.
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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parachuting
activity
see regulation 105.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1>
parachuting activity means any of the following:
(a) a parachute descent;
(b) packing a parachute;
(c) maintaining a parachute;
(d) assembling a parachute;
(e) supervising a parachute descent;
(f) operating an aircraft to facilitate a parachute
descent;
(g) providing training in an activity covered by
paragraphs (a) to (f);
(h) carrying on a business or undertaking involving the
provision of services or equipment for undertaking a
parachute descent;
(i) an activity prescribed by the Part 105 Manual of
Standards.
paraglider^
see regulation 200.001.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
paraglider means a glider with an empty weight of 70 kg or
less and a wing that is inflated and maintains its profile in
flight due to the ram-air pressure of the air through which it
moves.
paraglider
a glider:
(a) with a wing that is inflated and maintains its profile
in flight due to the ram-air pressure of the air
through which it moves; and
(b) that has an empty weight of 70 kg or less; and
the free flight of which does not depend on an engine.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
parasail
see subregulation 200.005(2).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1,
regulation
200.005(2)
parasail means a parachute tethered to a point or vehicle
on the ground or to a watercraft and deriving lift chiefly from
aerodynamic reactions on flexible surfaces remaining fixed
under given conditions of flight.
Part 21 Manual
of Standards
the Manual of Standards issued by CASA under regulation
21.010D.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Part 42 Manual
of Standards
the Manual of Standards issued by CASA under regulation
42.020.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Part 45 Manual
of Standards
the Manual of Standards issued by CASA under regulation
45.025.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Part 47 Manual
of Standards
the Manual of Standards issued by CASA under
regulation 47.012.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Part 61 Manual
of Standards
the Manual of Standards issued by CASA under regulation
61.035.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Part 91 Manual
of Standards
the Manual of Standards issued by CASA under regulation
91.040.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
Part 101 Manual
of Standards
the Manual of Standards issued by CASA under regulation
101.028.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Part 103 activity
see regulation 103.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1>
Part 103 activity means any of the following:
(a) operating a Part 103 aircraft;
(b) maintaining, or ensuring the airworthiness of, a Part
103 aircraft or aeronautical products for Part 103
aircraft;
(c) providing training in an activity covered by
paragraph (a) or (b).
(d) carrying on a business or undertaking involving the
provision of services or equipment for undertaking
an activity covered by paragraph (a) or (b);
(e) the towing of a Part 103 aircraft by another Part 103
aircraft;
(f) an activity prescribed by the Part 103 Manual of
Standards.
Part 103 aircraft
has the same meaning as in regulation 103.005 of CASR.
Part 91 MOS
Meaning of Part 103 aircraft
(1) An aircraft is a Part 103 aircraft if:
(a) the aircraft is not registered; and
(b) the aircraft is any of the following:
(i) a powered parachute;
(ii) a gyroglider;
(iii) a hang glider or powered hang glider;
(iv) a paraglider or powered paraglider;
(v) a rotorcraft prescribed by the Part 103 Manual
of Standards for the purposes of this
subparagraph;
(vi) a weight-shift-controlled aeroplane prescribed
by the Part 103 Manual of Standards for the
purposes of this subparagraph;
(vii) any other aeroplane prescribed by the Part 103
Manual of Standards for the purposes of this
subparagraph.
(2) A sailplane is a Part 103 aircraft.
Note: This subregulation applies to all sailplanes, including
sailplanes registered under Part 47 and sailplanes that are foreign
registered aircraft. Sailplanes are required to be registered under
Part 47, unless an exception in subregulation 47.015(1) applies.
(3) Despite subregulations (4) and (5), neither of the
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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following aircraft are Part 103 aircraft:
(a) an RPA;
(b) a model aircraft.
Part 103 ASAO
see regulation 103.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1>
Part 103 ASAO means an ASAO whose approved function
is or includes administering a Part 103 activity.
Part 103 Manual
of Standards
Manual of Standards issued by CASA under regulation
103.015.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1>
Part 105 ASAO
see regulation 105.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1>
Part 105 ASAO means an ASAO whose approved function
is or includes administering a parachuting activity.
Part 105 Manual
of Standards
the Manual of Standards issued by CASA under regulation
105.015.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1>
Part 119 Manual
of Standards
the Manual of Standards issued by CASA under regulation
119.045.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
Part 121 Manual
of Standards
the Manual of Standards issued by CASA under regulation
121.015.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
Part 121
operation
an operation mentioned in subregulation 121.005(1).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
121.005 Application of Part 121
(1) This Part (other than Subpart 121.Z) applies to the
operation of a multi-engine aeroplane for an Australian
air transport operation if either or both of the following
apply in relation to the aeroplane:
(a) it has a maximum operational passenger seat
configuration of more than 9;
(b) it has a maximum take-off weight of more than
8,618 kg.
Note: For the additional application of Subpart 121.N, see
regulation 121.470.
(2) Subpart 121.Z applies to the operation of a singleengine aeroplane for an Australian air transport
operation if both of the following apply in relation to the
aeroplane:
(a) it has a maximum operational passenger seat
configuration of more than 9;
(b) it has a maximum take-off weight of not more than
8,618 kg.
Part 121
proficiency
check
proficiency check that complies with regulation 121.580.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
Part 131 aircraft
see subregulation 131.005(2).
CASR Dictionary
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Part 1>
A Part 131 aircraft is any of the following:
(a) a manned free balloon;
(b) a hot air airship.
Part 131 ASAO
an ASAO whose approved functions include administering
a Part 131 recreational activity.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1>
Part 131 Manual
of Standards
the Manual of Standards issued by CASA under regulation
131.055.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Part 131 pilot
authorisation
(a) a commercial pilot (balloon) licence; or
(b) a CAR certificate of validation; or
(c) an authorisation from a Part 131 ASAO that
authorises the holder to operate a Part 131 aircraft;
or
(d) a flight radiotelephone operator licence.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1>
Part 131
recreational
activity
see subregulation 131.025(1).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1>
Part 132 Manual
of Standards
the Manual of Standards issued by CASA under regulation
132.040.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Part 133 Manual
of Standards
the Manual of Standards issued by CASA under regulation
133.020.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
Part 133
operation
an operation mentioned in regulation 133.005.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
131.025 Definition of Part 131 recreational activity
(1) A Part 131 recreational activity means operating a
Part 131 aircraft other than for one of the following:
(a) a balloon transport operation;
(b) a specialised balloon operation.
(2) Despite subsection (1), a Part 131 recreational
activity does not include operating a Part 131 aircraft in
any circumstances prescribed by the Part 131 Manual
of Standards for the purposes of this subregulation.
133.005 Application of Part 133
This Part applies in relation to the operation of a rotorcraft
for an Australian air transport operation.
Part 135 Manual
of Standard
the Manual of Standards issued by CASA under regulation
135.025.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
Part 135
operation
an operation mentioned in regulation 135.005.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
135.005 Application of Part 135
This Part applies in relation to the operation of an aeroplane
for an Australian air transport operation if the aeroplane
has:
(a) a maximum operational passenger seat
configuration of not more than 9; and
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(b) a maximum take-off weight of not more than 8,618
kg.
Part 138 Manual
of Standards
the Manual of Standards issued by CASA under regulation
138.020.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
Part 139 Manual
of Standards
the Manual of Standards issued by CASA under regulation
139.005.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Part 141
certificate
see regulation 141.015.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
A Part 141 certificate is a certificate issued under
regulation 141.060.
Part 141
operator
see subregulation 141.015(3).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
A Part 141 operator is the holder of a Part 141 certificate.
Part 142
operator
see subregulation 142.015(4).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
A Part 142 operator is the holder of a Part 142
authorisation.
Part 145
organisation
a person who holds an approval under regulation 145.030
that is in force.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Part 149 Manual
of Standards
the Manual of Standards issued by CASA under regulation
149.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Part 175 Manual
of Standards
the Manual of Standards issued by CASA under regulation
175.025.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
passenger
in relation to an aircraft, means a person:
(a) who:
(i) intends to travel on a particular flight on the
aircraft; or
(ii) is on board the aircraft for a flight; or
(iii) has disembarked from the aircraft following a
flight; and
(b) who is not a crew member of the aircraft for the
flight.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
passenger list
for a flight, means a passenger list for the flight, or other
document, stating the information mentioned in
subregulation 133.080(2) of CASR.
Part 133 MOS
Part 135 MOS
passenger
transport
operation
has the meaning given by clause 75 of Part 2 of the
Dictionary.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
(1) A passenger transport operation is an operation of
an aircraft that involves the carriage of passengers,
whether or not cargo is also carried on the aircraft.
(2) Despite (1), an operation is not a passenger transport
operation if the operation is:
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(a) an operation of an aircraft with a special certificate
of airworthiness; or
(b) a cost-sharing flight; or
(c) a medical transport operation; or
(d) if the registered operator of an aircraft is an
individual—an operation of the aircraft:
(i) that involves the carriage of that individual; and
(ii) does not also involve the carriage of other
passengers; or
(e) if the registered operator of an aircraft is an
individual—an operation of the aircraft:
(i) that involves the carriage of that individual; and
(ii) involves the carriage of other passengers; and
for which no payment or reward is made or given in relation
to the carriage of the other passengers or cargo.
passenger with
reduced mobility
a person who is likely to require special conditions and
assistance to find and use an exit on board an aircraft in an
emergency because:
(a) the person’s mobility is impaired; or
(b) the person has another impairment
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
PBN, or
performancebased
navigation
area navigation based on performance requirements for
aircraft operating:
(a) along an ATS route; or
(b) on an IAP; or
(c) in designated airspace.
Part 91 MOS
Note:: Performance requirements are expressed in navigation
specifications (RNAV specification, and RNP specification) in
terms of the accuracy, integrity, continuity, availability and
functionality needed for the proposed operation in the context of a
particular class of airspace.
performance
class
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
performance class 1; or
performance class 2; or
performance class 2 with exposure; or
performance class 3.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
performance
class 1
for a stage of flight of a rotorcraft, has the meaning given by
the Part 133 Manual of Standards.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
performance
class 2
for a stage of flight of a rotorcraft, has the meaning given by
the Part 133 Manual of Standards.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
performance
class 2 with
exposure
for a stage of flight of a rotorcraft, has the meaning given by
the Part 133 Manual of Standards.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
performance
class 3
for a stage of flight of a rotorcraft, has the meaning given by
the Part 133 Manual of Standards.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
permissible
unserviceability
for an aircraft, means:
(a) a defect in the aircraft approved by CASA as a
CAR Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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permissible unserviceability under regulation 37; or
(b) a defect in the aircraft approved by CASA, an
authorised person or an approved design
organisation as a permissible unserviceability under
regulation 21.007 of CASR.
permit index
number
for an aircraft for which a limited category certificate has
been issued: see regulation 132.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
permit index number, for an aircraft for which a limited
category certificate has been issued, means the permit
index number most recently assigned to the aircraft under
subregulation 21.176(5) or Division 132.D.2.
personal log
book
the log book required by regulation 5.51.
CAR Part 5
personnel^
of an ASAO, includes any of the following persons who
have duties or responsibilities that relate to the safe
performance of the ASAO’s approved functions:
(a) an employee of the ASAO;
(b) a person engaged by the ASAO (whether by
contract or other arrangement) to provide services
to the ASAO;
(c) an employee of a person mentioned in paragraph
(b);
(d) a person appointed by the ASAO to perform an
approved function on behalf of the ASAO.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
personnel
(a) for an Australian air transport operator, an aerial
work operator or a balloon transport operator,
includes any of the following persons who have
duties or responsibilities that relate to the safe
conduct of the operator’s Australian air transport
operations, aerial work operations or balloon
transport operations:
(i) an employee of the operator;
(ii) a person engaged by the operator (whether by
contract or other arrangement) to provide
services to the operator;
(iii) an employee of a person mentioned in
subparagraph (ii); or
(b) for an ASAO, includes any of the following persons
who have duties or responsibilities that relate to the
safe performance of the ASAO’s approved
functions:
(i) an employee of the ASAO;
(ii) a person engaged by the ASAO (whether by
contract or other arrangement) to provide
services to the ASAO;
(iii) an employee of a person mentioned in
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#*
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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subparagraph (ii);
(iv) a person appointed by the ASAO to perform an
approved function on behalf of the ASAO
pilot
used as a verb, has the meaning given by regulation
61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
pilot, used as a verb, means:
(a) to manipulate the flight controls of an aircraft during
flight; or
(b) to occupy a flight control seat in an aircraft during
flight.
pilot certificate^
a certificate (however described) that:
(a) is granted by a recreational aviation administration
organisation; and
(b) authorises its holder to pilot an aircraft, other than a
registered aircraft, in an aviation activity
administered by the organisation.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
pilot certificate
a certificate (however described) that:
(a) is granted by a sport aviation body; and
(b) authorises its holder to pilot an aircraft, other than a
registered aircraft, in an aviation activity
administered by the organisation.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
pilot in
command
in relation to a flight of an aircraft, means the pilot
designated by the operator of the aircraft as being in
command and charged with the safe conduct of the flight.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
pilot in
command under
supervision
has the meaning given by regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
pilot instructor
see regulation 61.010.
pilot in command under supervision means a pilot, other
than a student pilot, who performs the duties and functions
of the pilot in command of an aircraft under the supervision
of a pilot who is authorised by the operator of the aircraft to
conduct the supervision.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
pilot instructor means:
(a) a flight instructor; or
(b) a simulator instructor.
pilot licence
see regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
pilot licence means any of the following licences:
(a) an air transport pilot licence;
(b) a commercial pilot licence;
(c) a multi-crew pilot licence;
(d) a private pilot licence;
(e) a recreational pilot licence.
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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pilot-owner
of an aircraft, means an individual who:
(a) owns the aircraft; and
(b) is authorised, under Part 61, to fly the aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
planned
destination
aerodrome
the aerodrome which a flight is planned to fly to and land at.
Part 91 MOS
POB
people on board.
Part 91 MOS
point of in-flight
replanning
refer to the MOS applicable to the type of operation.
-
polar region
the area:
(a) north of 78°N; or
(b) south of 60°S.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
populous area
includes a city and a town.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
position report^
a message, in a specified form, containing information on the
position and progress of an aircraft.
CAR Part 1
positioning flight
(a) a flight of an aircraft to position aerial work cargo, or
an aerial work passenger, in order to prepare for
and carry out an aerial work operation; and
(b) a flight to reposition or remove aerial work cargo or
an aerial work passenger on completion or
cancellation of an aerial work operation, or of that
part of the operation, to which a positioning flight
related.
Part 138 MOS
positive position
fix^
in relation to an aircraft in flight, is the point on the surface
of the earth vertically below the aircraft as established by:
(a) in the case of a V.F.R. flight:
(i) visual observation; or
(ii) use of a radio navigation system or systems; or
(iii) use of an approved self-contained navigation
system; or
(iv) use of an approved long-range radio navigation
system; and
(b) in the case of an I.F.R. flight:
(i) use of a radio navigation system or systems; or
(ii) use of an approved self-contained navigation
system; or
(iii) use of an approved long-range radio navigation
system.
CAR Part 1
power-assisted
sailplane^
an aircraft that The Gliding Federation of Australia
Incorporated has registered as a power-assisted sailplane.
CAR Part 1
power-assisted
sailplane
A powered sailplane that has insufficient performance with
the engine operating to achieve the applicable take-off and
climb performance criteria for powered sailplanes specified
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Definition
Source
by the airworthiness standards prescribed by regulation
22.001 of CASR.
powered aircraft
an aircraft that is propelled by an engine or engines.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
powered hang
glider^
a hang glider with an engine attached that has, when the
engine is not being operated, the characteristics of a hang
glider.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
powered hang
glider
a hang glider with an engine attached that has, when the
engine is not being operated, the characteristics of a hang
glider.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
powered-lift
aircraft
power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft that derives its lift in
flight:
(a) during vertical manoeuvring and low-speed flight—
from:
(i) the reaction of air on one or more normally
power-driven rotors on substantially vertical
axes; or
(ii) engine thrust; and
(b) otherwise—chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on
surfaces remaining fixed under given conditions of
flight.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
powered
parachute^
a powered aircraft that has the characteristics of a
parachute when its engine or engines are not operated.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
powered
parachute
a single-seat or two-seat power-driven aircraft with a ramair parachute wing, to which all of the following apply:
(a) the aircraft has a single non-turbine engine and a
single propeller;
(b) the aircraft has a maximum take-off weight not
exceeding 600 kilograms;
(c) the aircraft has, when the engine is not being
operated, the characteristics of a parachute.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
powered
paraglider^
see regulation 200.001.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
powered paraglider means a paraglider with an engine
attached.
powered
paraglider
a paraglider with an engine attached that has, when the
engine is not being operated, the characteristics of a
paraglider.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
powered
sailplane^
an aircraft with one or more engines that has the
characteristics of a sailplane when the engine or engines
are inoperative.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
powered
sailplane
a sailplane equipped with one or more engines that has,
when the engine or engines are not being operated, the
characteristics of a sailplane.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
precision
approach
procedure
an IAP based on an ILS, an MLS, a GLS or an SBAS, and
which is designed for 3D instrument approach operations.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
premises
(a) an area of land or any other place, whether or not it is
enclosed or built on; or
(b) a structure, building, aircraft, vessel or vehicle;
and includes a part of any such premises.
The Act
prescribed
offence
an offence under these Regulations.
CAR 296A
prescribed
penalty
for a prescribed offence, means:
(a) if the maximum penalty for the offence is 5 or 10
penalty units—a penalty of 1 penalty unit; or
(b) if the maximum penalty for the offence is 15, 20 or
25 penalty units—a penalty of 3 penalty units; or
(c) if the maximum penalty for the offence is more than
25 penalty units—a penalty of 5 penalty units.
CAR 296A
prescribed
premises
premises connected with, or used for the purposes of,
activities related to civil aviation, or where any records
relating to such activities are kept.
The Act
prescribed
single-engine
aeroplane
see regulation 135.240.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
presumed
temperature
at an aerodrome, in relation to an aeroplane take-off,
means the most limiting of the following:
(a) the ambient temperature;
(b) the temperature assumed to be the ambient
temperature determined using the procedures,
contained in an aeroplane operator’s exposition, for
estimating the ambient temperature at take-off for
the purpose of determining take-off performance.
Part 121 MOS
primary
category
for an aircraft, means the category of aircraft that satisfy the
requirements for issue of a type certificate mentioned in
regulation 21.024.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
135.240 Prescribed single-engine aeroplanes
(1) This regulation applies to a prescribed single-engine
aeroplane that conducts:
(a) an IFR flight; or
(b) a VFR flight at night.
(2) The aeroplane operator’s exposition must include
procedures for the matters prescribed by the Part 135
Manual of Standards for the purposes of this
subregulation.
(3) A single-engine aeroplane is a prescribed singleengine aeroplane if it is of a kind prescribed by the
Part 135 Manual of Standards for the purposes of this
subregulation.
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
private
operation
an operation of an aircraft is a private operation if the
operation is not one of the following:
(a) an operation that is required to be conducted under
the authority of an AOC under Part 119, 129, 131 or
137 or regulation 206 of CAR;
(b) an operation that is required to be conducted under
the authority of an aerial work certificate under Part
138;
(c) Part 141 flight training (within the meaning of Part
141);
(d) a Part 142 activity (within the meaning of Part 142);
(e) an adventure flight (within the meaning of Part 132);
(f) a specialised balloon operation (within the meaning
of Part 131) that is conducted for hire or reward;
(g) an operation authorised by a New Zealand AOC
with ANZA privileges that is in force for Australia;
(h) an operation under a permission under section 25
(Non-scheduled flights by foreign registered
aircraft) or section 27A (Permission for operation of
foreign registered aircraft without AOC) of the Act.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
PRM
precision runway monitoring.
Part 91 MOS
probity offence
an offence the substance of which is:
(a) the giving, receiving, offering or soliciting of a bribe
to influence the performance of an official function
or duty; or
(b) the making of an unwarranted demand with
menaces (within the meaning of Division 139 of the
Criminal Code) of a person exercising an official
function during the performance of that function; or
(c) fraudulent conduct (within the meaning of Part 7.3
of the Criminal Code);
whether under the law of the Commonwealth, a State, a
Territory or another country.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
production
certificate
a production certificate issued under subregulation
21.134(1).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
prohibited area^
an area declared under regulation 6 of the Airspace
Regulations 2007 to be a prohibited area.
CAR Part 1
prohibited area^
has the same meaning as in regulation 3 of the Airspace
Regulations 2007.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
prohibited area
(a) has the same meaning as in Annex 11 to the
Chicago Convention; and
(b) in relation to Australian territory—includes an area
designated as a prohibited area by a declaration
made under subregulation 6(1) of the Airspace
Regulations 2007.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
From ICAO Annex 11:
Prohibited area. An airspace of defined dimensions, above
the land areas or territorial waters of a State, within which
the flight of aircraft is prohibited.
Note: airspace determined to be a prohibited area under
paragraph 6(1) of the Airspace Regulations 2007 is shown in the
designated airspace handbook (DAH)
protective
breathing
equipment
equipment that is designed to prevent a person from having
to breathe in, and to protect the person’s eyes from, toxic
gases and fumes.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
provide
includes maintain, operate and use.
The Act
provisional
certificate of
airworthiness
a Class I or Class II provisional certificate of airworthiness.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
provisional type
certificate
a Class I or Class II provisional type certificate.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
provisionally
certificated
aircraft^
an aircraft for which a provisional certificate of airworthiness
is in force.
CAR Part 1
PSEA
prescribed single-engine aeroplane.
Part 138 MOS
Note: A single-engine aeroplane is a prescribed single-engine
aeroplane if it is of a kind prescribed by the Part 135 MOS for the
purposes of subregulation 135.240 (3) of CASR.
psychoactive
substance
see clause 60 of Part 2 of this Dictionary.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Meaning of psychoactive substance
(1) In these Regulations:
psychoactive substance has, subject to subclause (2), the
meaning given by section 1.1 of Annex 1, Personnel
Licensing, to the Chicago Convention.
Note: The definition in that Annex is:
Psychoactive substances. Alcohol, opioids, cannabinoids,
sedatives and hypnotics, cocaine, other psychostimulants,
hallucinogens, and volatile solvents, whereas coffee and tobacco
are excluded.
(2) To avoid doubt, in these Regulations:
psychoactive substance:
(a) includes:
(i) a therapeutic substance that is a psychoactive
substance within the meaning given by Annex 1
to the Chicago Convention; and
(ii) a therapeutic substance of which a
psychoactive substance (within the meaning
given by that Annex) is an ingredient; but
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
(b) does not include:
(i) tea, cocoa, chocolate or any other nonalcoholic drink containing caffeine or guarana;
or
(ii) confectionery containing caffeine or guarana
(3) In paragraph (a) of the definition of psychoactive
substance in subclause (2):
therapeutic substance means a substance that is
therapeutic goods, within the meaning given by the
Therapeutic Goods Act 1989.
psychoactive
substance
offence
an offence:
(a) of which an element is the possession, use or
excessive use of a psychoactive substance; or
(b) of which the substance is importing, or trafficking in,
a psychoactive substance; or
(c) of which an element is being under the influence of
a psychoactive substance; or
(d) of which an element is the presence, or the
presence at a concentration higher than a particular
concentration, in the blood, breath or urine of a
psychoactive substance or a metabolite of such a
substance; or
(e) the substance of which is refusal to provide a blood,
breath or urine sample for analysis; or
(f) of attempting to commit, inciting the commission of
or conspiring to commit an offence referred to in
paragraph (a), (b), (c), (d) or (e).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Note: Psychoactive substance includes alcohol but does not
include coffee, tea, cocoa, chocolate or any other non-alcoholic
drink containing caffeine, or caffeine-containing confectionery—
see Part 2 of this Dictionary.
public gathering
an assembly of people at a place on the basis of a general
public invitation to attend at that place, whether or not a
charge is made for attendance.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
public transport
service^
a service for the carriage of persons or cargo for hire or
reward.
CAR Part 1
published lowest
safe altitude
for a route or route segment for a flight of an aircraft, means
the lowest safe altitude for the route or route segment
published in authorised aeronautical information.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
QNH
is an atmospheric pressure adjusted to sea level and
measured in hPa or millibars so that when QNH is set the
altimeter will read elevation AMSL.
Part 91 MOS
qualified flight
simulator
a flight simulator that is qualified under Part 60 of CASR.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Q
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
qualified flight
training device
a flight training device that is qualified under Part 60 of
CASR.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
quick-donning
mask
an oxygen mask that:
(a) is for a flight crew member’s personal use; and
(b) within 5 seconds of it being deployed and ready for
use, the flight crew member can, with 1 hand, place
over the face, secure and seal.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
radiocommunica
tion system^
equipment that is capable of maintaining two-way voice
communication through the aeronautical mobile radio
service.
CAR Part 1
radio navigation
aid^
an installation on the ground that emits radio signals on
specified frequencies.
CAR Part 1
radio
navigation aid
a standard radio navigation aid of a kind mentioned in
section 2.1.1 of Chapter 2 of Volume 1 of Annex 10 to the
Chicago Convention
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
R
2.1.1 The standard radio navigation aids shall be:
(a) the instrument landing system (ILS) conforming to
the Standards contained in Chapter 3, 3.1;
(b) the microwave landing system (MLS) conforming to
the Standards contained in Chapter 3, 3.11;
(c) the global navigation satellite system (GNSS)
conforming to the Standards contained in Chapter
3, 3.7;
(d) the VHF omnidirectional radio range (VOR)
conforming to the Standards contained in Chapter
3, 3.3;
(e) the non-directional radio beacon (NDB) conforming
to the Standards contained in Chapter 3, 3.4;
(f) the distance measuring equipment (DME)
conforming to the Standards contained in Chapter
3, 3.5; and
(g) the en-route VHF marker beacon conforming to the
Standards contained in Chapter 3, 3.6.
Note 1.— Since visual reference is essential for the final stages of
approach and landing, the installation of a radio
navigation aid does not obviate the need for visual aids to
approach and landing in conditions of low visibility.
Note 2.— It is intended that introduction and application of radio
navigation aids to support precision approach and landing
operations will be in accordance with the strategy shown in
Attachment B. It is intended that rationalization of conventional
radio navigation aids and evolution toward supporting
performance-based navigation will be in accordance with the
strategy shown in Attachment H.
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
Note 3.— Categories of precision approach and landing
operations are classified in Annex 6, Part I, Chapter 1.
Note 4.— Information on operational objectives associated with
ILS facility performance categories is given in Attachment C, 2.1
and 2.14.
Note 5.— Information on operational objectives associated with
MLS facility performance is given in Attachment G, 11.
radionavigation
service
a radio navigation service within the meaning of Annex 10
to the Chicago Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Radio navigation service. A service providing guidance
information or position data for the efficient and safe
operation of aircraft supported by one or more radio
navigation aids.
radio navigation
system^
equipment carried on, or installed in, an aircraft for the
purpose of navigating the aircraft by reference to the
signals emitted by a radio navigation aid.
CAR Part 1
radio navigation
system
equipment carried on, or installed in, an aircraft for the
purpose of navigating the aircraft by reference to the
signals emitted by a radio navigation aid.
Part 138 MOS
radio station
licence
(a) for an Australian aircraft—an apparatus licence or
class licence issued under the
Radiocommunications Act 1992 for the
radiocommunications equipment on board the
aircraft; or
(b) for a foreign registered aircraft—a document:
(i) that is equivalent to a document mentioned in
paragraph (a); and
(ii) that is issued by the authority of the aircraft’s
State of registry that issues radio licences.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
radiotelephone
qualification^
includes a certificate, relating to the operation of
radiotelephone equipment, issued by any of the following
organisations in accordance with the organisation’s
operations manual:
(a) Australian Ballooning Federation Incorporated;
(b) Australian Sport Rotorcraft Association
Incorporated;
(c) The Gliding Federation of Australia Incorporated;
(d) Hang Gliding Federation of Australia Incorporated;
(e) Recreational Aviation Australia Limited.
CAR Part 1
radiotelephonic
language^
(a) the words and phrases that CASA has directed
under regulation 82A must be used in
communicating by radiotelephone; and
(b) the voice techniques commonly applied to
radiotelephonic communication;
with, or in relation to, an aircraft.
CAR Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
RAIM
receiver autonomous integrity monitoring for GNSS.
Part 138 MOS
recognised
country
see regulation 21.010B.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Note: recognised country is typically used in airworthiness
matters.
recognised
foreign state
means any of the following foreign States, or another
foreign State approved for this instrument:
(a) Canada;
(b) Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region of
China);
(c) New Zealand;
(d) United States of America;
(e) the following European Aviation Safety Agency
(EASA) member States:
(i)
Belgium;
(ii)
Czech Republic;
(iii)
Denmark;
(iv)
Finland;
(v)
France;
(vi)
Germany;
(vii)
Ireland;
(viii)
Italy;
(ix)
Netherlands;
(x)
Norway;
(xi)
Portugal;
(xii)
Spain;
(xiii)
Sweden;
(xiv)
Switzerland;
(xv)
United Kingdom.
Part 133 MOS
Note: recognised foreign state is typically used in licensing and
training matters.
rectification
interval
see regulation 91.925.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
rectification interval, for an item in an MEL that may
become inoperative, means the period within which the item
must be rectified after the discovery that the item is
inoperative.
recurrent
training^
see regulation 142.035.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
recurrent
training
the training of the personnel of an aircraft operator or the
operator of a flight simulation training device that is
conducted to ensure that the personnel are competent to
carry out their responsibilities.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
Regional Air
Navigation
a Regional Air Navigation Agreement approved by decision
of the Council of the International Civil Aviation
CAR Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
Agreement^
Organisation.
Regional Air
Navigation
Agreement
a Regional Air Navigation Agreement approved by decision
of the Council of the International Civil Aviation
Organisation.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
registered
in relation to an Australian aircraft, means:
(a) in the case of an aircraft to which Division 47.C.1
applies—registered under Division 47.C.1; or
(b) in the case of an aircraft to which Division 47.C.2
applies—registered under Division 47.C.2.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Note: For the definition of foreign registered aircraft, see
section 3 of the Act.
registered
operator
of an aircraft, has the meaning given by regulation 47.100.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
registered
training
organisation
has the meaning given by section 3 of the National
Vocational Education and Training Regulator Act 2011.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
registered training organisation means a training
organisation listed on the National Register as a registered
training organisation.
Note: VET Regulators list training organisations on the National
Register.
registration
holder
of an aircraft, means the person whose name is entered in
the Australian Civil Aircraft Register as:
(a) in the case of an aircraft registered under
Division 47.C.1—the aircraft’s owner; and
(b) in the case of an aircraft that is an RPA or a model
aircraft registered under Division 47.C.2—the
person who applied for the registration of the
aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
registration
mark
of an aircraft, means the registration mark assigned to the
aircraft under Subpart 47.G.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
regular
aerodrome^
an aerodrome which is listed in the flight plan as an aerodrome of
intended landing.
CAR Part 1
regular public
transport
operations^
operations for the commercial purpose mentioned in
paragraph 206(1)(c) of CAR.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Note: refer to scheduled air transport operation.
regulated
domestic flight
a flight:
(a) that is undertaken wholly within Australia for a
purpose prescribed by the regulations for the
purposes of subsection 27(9); and
(b) that is not undertaken as part of a flight into or out
of Australian territory.
The Act
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
regulatory
function
the function under subsection 9(1).
The Act
relevant
airworthiness
standards^
(a) for an aircraft that conforms to a type certificate
issued, or taken to have been issued, under
regulation 21.013A or 21.029 of CASR—the
airworthiness standards included in the type
certification basis for the aircraft; or
(b) for an aircraft for which a type acceptance
certificate has been issued, or is taken to have
been issued, under regulation 21.029A of CASR—
the airworthiness standards that the aircraft had to
meet for the issue of the foreign type certificate that
was the basis for issuing the type acceptance
certificate
CAR Part 1
Note: For type certification basis and foreign type certificate see
the Dictionary at the end of CASR.
relevant
airworthiness
standards
(a) for an aircraft that conforms to a type certificate
issued, or taken to have been issued, under
regulation 21.013A or 21.029—the airworthiness
standards included in the type certification basis for
the aircraft; or
(b) for an aircraft for which a type acceptance
certificate has been issued, or is taken to have
been issued, under regulation 21.029A —the
airworthiness standards that the aircraft had to
meet for the issue of the foreign type certificate that
was the basis for issuing the type acceptance
certificate.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
relevant
approved design
organisation
in relation to a design activity, within the meaning given by
regulation 21.233, and an aircraft or aeronautical product of
a particular kind, means an approved design organisation
that is approved under Subpart 21.J to carry out that
design.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
remote pilot
licence
a licence granted under Division 101.F.3.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
removable
equipment
has the meaning given by subsection 2 of Civil Aviation
Order 100.7.
Part 121 MOS
reporting point^
a specified geographical location in relation to which the
position of an aircraft can be reported.
CAR Part 1
required
in relation to a flight crew member for a flight: see
subregulation 91.605(2)
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
A flight crew member is required for a flight if the flight crew
member is one of the number of flight crew members
required for the flight by:
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
(a) the aircraft flight manual instructions for the aircraft;
or
(b) if a greater number is required by these
Regulations—these Regulations.
required
navigational
performance
for an area of airspace, or a route, means the navigational
performance specified in the AIP for that area of airspace or
route.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
requisite GNSS
satellites
at least the number of serviceable GNSS satellites a GNSS
manufacturer specifies in writing as being required for its
approved GNSS to provide a particular RNP specification.
Part 91 MOS
rescue
operation, or
rescue
an aerial work operation, tasked and coordinated by a
search and rescue body, or self-tasked and coordinated by
an ESO, the primary purpose of which is to:
(a) retrieve persons who are, or are likely to be, in
distress; and
(b) provide for their initial survival and other needs; and
(c) deliver them to a place of safety.
Part 138 MOS
reserve
parachute
see regulation 105.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1>
reserve parachute has the meaning given by the Part 105
Manual of Standards.
reserve
parachute
assembly
see regulation 105.010.
resolution
advisory^
information that:
(a) is provided to a pilot of an aircraft by a TCAS that is
fitted to the aircraft; and
(b) is about a manoeuvre for averting a collision with
another aircraft that the TCAS recognises as a
threat.
CAR 262AA
resolution
advisory, or RA
for an ACAS, means an indication given to the flight crew
recommending:
(a) a manoeuvre intended to provide separation from
all threats; or
(b) a manoeuvre restriction intended to maintain
existing separation.
Part 121 MOS
responsible
authority
in relation to a Contracting State, means the authority that
has responsibility for the licensing of persons to perform
activities essential to the operation of balloons in the State.
CAR Part 5
(a) the responsible authority of a Contracting State; or
(b) the Defence Force of Australia, or of a Contracting
State; or
(c) a sport aviation body.
CAR Part 5
responsible
organisation
CASR Dictionary
Part 1>
reserve parachute assembly has the meaning given by
the Part 105 Manual of Standards.
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
restricted area^
an area declared under regulation 6 of the Airspace
Regulations 2007 to be a restricted area.
CAR Part 1
restricted area^
has the same meaning as in regulation 3 of the Airspace
Regulations 2007.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
restricted area
(a) has the same meaning as in Annex 11 to the
Chicago Convention; and
(b) in relation to Australian territory—includes an area
designated as a restricted area by a declaration
made under subregulation 6(1) of the Airspace
Regulations 2007.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
From ICAO Annex 11:
Restricted area. An airspace of defined dimensions, above
the land areas or territorial waters of a State, within which
the flight of aircraft is restricted in accordance with certain
specified conditions.
Note: airspace determined to be a restricted area under paragraph
6(1) of the Airspace Regulations 2007 is shown in the designated
airspace handbook (DAH)
restricted
category
for an aircraft, means the category of aircraft that satisfy the
requirements for issue of a type certificate mentioned in
regulation 21.025.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
restricted
person
(a) a deportee (within the meaning of subsection 5(1)
of the Migration Act 1958); or
(b) a removee (within the meaning of subsection 5(1)
of the Migration Act 1958); or
(c) a person in custody; or
(d) a passenger carried on an aircraft:
(i) who is on the aircraft because the passenger
has been refused entry to a country; or
(ii) whose passport does not include a visa
required for entry to the passenger’s
destination country.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
risk assessor
(a) the pilot in command of an aircraft in an aerial work
operation; or
(b) another person, mentioned in the operator’s
operations manual, who is:
(i) qualified to conduct the type of aerial work
operation for which the person prepares a preflight assessment; or
(ii) appointed in writing by the operator to prepare
risk assessments in accordance with the
applicable provisions of Chapter 13.
Part 138 MOS
Note: If the risk assessor is not the pilot in command, the
operations manual must identify the risk assessor, for example, by
name, role or title.
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
RNAV
specification
has the meaning given in paragraph (a) of the definition of
navigation specification.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
RNP APCHLNAV
means the conduct of an RNP APCH using LNAV minima.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
RNP APCHLNAV/VNAV
means the conduct of an RNP APCH using LNAV/VNAV
minima.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
RNP APCH-LP
means the conduct of an RNP APCH using LP minima.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
RNP APCH-LPV
means the conduct of an RNP APCH using LPV minima.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
RNP
specification
has the meaning given in paragraph (b) of the definition of
navigation specification.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
rocket
a pilotless vehicle powered by reaction that carries all the
components necessary to provide its jet.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
rotorcraft^
a heavier-than-air aircraft supported in flight by the reaction
of the air on one or more rotors on substantially vertical
axes.
CAR Part 1
rotorcraft
(a) a helicopter; or
(b) a gyroplane; or
(c) a powered-lift aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
route sector^
a route, or portion of a route, flown without an intermediate
landing.
CAR Part 1
route segment^
a route, or portion of a route, usually flown without an
intermediate stop.
CAR Part 1
route segment
a portion of a route.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
RPA
a remotely piloted aircraft, other than a balloon or a kite.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
RPAS
(short for remote pilot aircraft system) means a set of
configurable elements consisting of a remotely piloted
aircraft, its associated remote pilot station (or stations), the
required command and control links and any other system
elements as may be required at any point during the
operation of the aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
RPL training
course
training in the operation of RPA for the grant of a remote
pilot licence that is conducted:
(a) by a person who is certificated under regulation
101.335 and whose operations include conducting
training; and
(b) in accordance with any standards or requirements
prescribed by the Part 101 Manual of Standards.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
RTCA/DO-200A
the latest version of RTCA/DO-200A, Standards for
Processing Aeronautical Data, issued by RTCA, Inc, as in
force from time to time.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Note: RTCA/DO-200A could in 2014 be viewed on the RTCA’s
website (http://www.rtca.org).
runway
has the meaning given by the Part 139 (Aerodromes)
Manual of Standards 2019.
Part 121 MOS
runway strip
a defined area at an aerodrome, including the runway and
stopway (if any) to which it relates, that is intended to:
(a) reduce the risk of damage to aircraft running off the
runway; and
(b) protect aircraft flying over the area during take-off,
landing or a missed approach.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
runway visual
range
the range, measured using an electronic instrument, over
which the pilot of an aircraft on the centre line of a runway
can see the runway surface markings or the lights
delineating the runway or identifying its centre line.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
RVR
runway visual range.
Part 91 MOS
RVSM
reduced vertical separation minimum.
Part 91 MOS
RVSM
airspace^
any of the following:
(a) the airspace, at or above flight level 290, identified
in AIP to be airspace where a vertical separation
minimum of 1 000 feet applies;
(b) the airspace, at or above flight level 290,
designated, or otherwise recognised, by the
competent authority of a foreign country to be
airspace where a vertical separation minimum of 1
000 feet applies;
(c) airspace, at or above flight level 290, where a
vertical separation of 1 000 feet applies under the
terms of a Regional Air Navigation Agreement.
CAR Part 1
RVSM airspace
any of the following:
(a) the airspace, at or above flight level 290, identified
in the AIP as airspace where a vertical separation
minimum of 1,000 ft applies;
(b) the airspace, at or above flight level 290,
designated, or otherwise recognised, by the
appropriate authority of a foreign country to be
airspace where a vertical separation minimum of 1,
000 ft applies;
(c) airspace, at or above flight level 290, where a
vertical separation of 1,000 ft applies under the
terms of a Regional Air Navigation Agreement.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1##
RVSM
airworthiness
has the meaning given by regulation 181C.
CAR Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
approval^
RVSM
airworthiness
approved
aircraft^
(a) an Australian aircraft for which an RVSM
airworthiness approval is in force; or
(b) a foreign aircraft for which an RVSM foreign
airworthiness approval is in force.
CAR Part 1
RVSM foreign
airworthiness
approval^
has the meaning given by regulation 181D.
CAR Part 1
RVSM
operational
approval^
has the meaning given by regulation 181E.
CAR Part 1
safety-critical
aeronautical
product
for a limited category aircraft: see regulation 132.025.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
safety manager,
of an ASAO
the individual, appointed by the ASAO, who is responsible
for the safety management system required by regulation
149.270.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
safety
management
system
for an Australian air transport operator, means the safety
management system set out in the operator’s exposition.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
safety rules
in relation to a permission or AOC, means the provisions of
this Act, the regulations and the Civil Aviation Orders that
relate to safety (including rules about the competence of
persons to do anything that would be covered by the
permission or AOC).
The Act
sailplane^
a glider with an empty weight of more than 70 kg.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
sailplane
a glider:
(a) that has an empty weight of more than 70 kg; and
(b) the free flight of which does not depend on an
engine.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
SAR
search and rescue.
Part 91 MOS,
Part 138 MOS
S
(1) An aeronautical product for a limited category aircraft is
a safety-critical aeronautical product for the aircraft if
the aircraft cannot be operated safely if the product is
inoperative or missing.
(2) However, an aeronautical product for a limited category
aircraft is taken not to be a safety-critical aeronautical
product for the aircraft if advice has been given under
regulation 132.175 that the aeronautical product is not a
safety-critical aeronautical product for the aircraft.
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
SAR operation
has the same meaning as search and rescue operation.
Part 138 MOS
SARTIME
the time nominated by a pilot for the initiation of SAR action
if a report has not been received by the nominated unit.
Part 91 MOS
SARWATCH
the time for a SAR alert, based on:
(a) full position reporting procedures; or
(b) scheduled reporting times (SKEDS); or
(c) SARTIME.
Part 91 MOS
SBAS
satellite-based augmentation system.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
SCT
in relation to amounts of cloud, has the same meaning as in
ICAO Document 8896.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
ICAO Document 8896 refers to SCT as 3-4 oktas of cloud.
scheduled air
transport
operation
an air transport operation, other than a medical transport
operation, that is conducted:
(a) in accordance with fixed schedules to and from
fixed terminals over specific routes with or without
intermediate stopping places between terminals;
and
(b) in circumstances in which the accommodation in
the aircraft is available for use by persons
generally.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
sea
the waters extending from the coastline of Australia in a
seawards direction.
Part 138 MOS
Note: Sea includes tidal estuaries but does not include inland
rivers, lakes, reservoirs, dams, or other similar bodies of water.
sealed
receptacle
a belly tank for firefighting, or a cargo pod, basket, bin or
similar thing, that:
(a) is a sealed container within which aerial work
cargo, water or fire retardant is fully enclosed; and
(b) is fixed to the exterior of a rotorcraft in accordance
with the rotorcraft’s AFM supplement.
Part 138 MOS
seaplane
includes an aeroplane with a floating hull.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
search and
rescue body
any of the following:
(a) a State or Territory police service or the Australian
Federal Police;
(b) the Australian Defence Force;
(c) the Australian Maritime Safety Authority.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
search and
rescue
operation
an aerial work operation whose primary purpose is a
combined search and rescue.
Part 138 MOS
search
an aerial work operation, tasked and coordinated by a
Part 138 MOS
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
operation, or
search
search and rescue body, or self-tasked and coordinated by
an ESO, the primary purpose of which is to locate persons
who are, or who are likely to be, lost and in distress.
secondary
surveillance
radar
transponder^
(1) equipment that:
(a) is carried on, or installed in, an aircraft; and
(b) can respond to radio signals transmitted to the
aircraft by ground radar and relay information about
the aircraft’s operations including the following:
(i) the identity of the aircraft;
(ii) the position of the aircraft;
(iii) the altitude of the aircraft.
CAR Part 1
self-contained
navigation
system^
a navigation system which:
(a) is carried on, or installed in, an aircraft; and
(b) determines the position of the aircraft without
reference to externally generated radio signals.
CAR Part 1
servicing
in relation to an aircraft, means preparing the aircraft for
flight, and includes providing the aircraft with fuel and other
fluids that are necessary for its operation, but does not
include any work that is maintenance.
CAR Part 1
SFAR 41
Special Federal Aviation Regulation 41 of the United States
of America, as in force on 12 September 1983.
Note: At the commencement of this instrument, a copy of
SFAR 41, as in force on 12 September 1983, was available
at:
https://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgFA
R.nsf/0/51D22E0C18BE4BA586256E450069078D?OpenD
ocument.
SFAR 41
aeroplane
an aeroplane that:
(a) is certificated as a normal category aircraft; and
(b) is an aeroplane in relation to which an applicant
under part 4(c) of SFAR 41 would be entitled to a
type certificate amendment or a supplemental type
certificate that shows compliance with Annex 8 to
the Chicago Convention in relation to the
aeroplane, if SFAR 41 were still in force; and
(c) is operated in accordance with flight manual
instructions that specify performance standards that
are at least equivalent to the standards set out in
Annex 8 to the Chicago Convention.
Part 121 MOS
signal area^
a selected part of an aerodrome used for the display of
ground signals so that they will be visible to aircraft in the
air.
CAR Part 1
significant
change
Source
(a) for an Australian air transport operator: see
regulation 119.020; or
(b) for a balloon transport operator: see regulation
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
131.030; or
(c) for an aerial work operator: see regulation 138.012.
SIGWX
significant weather.
Part 91 MOS
single-pilot
operation
has the meaning given by regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
single-pilot operation means an operation in an aircraft,
other than a multi-crew operation.
small balloon
see regulation 101.145.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
A small balloon is an unmanned free balloon that:
(a) has a diameter of 2 metres or less at launch; and
(b) either:
(i) is not carrying a payload; or
(ii) is carrying a payload with a combined mass of
50 g or less.
small RPA
an RPA with a gross weight of at least 2 kg but less than 25
kg.
solo
in relation to a flight of an aircraft, has the meaning given by
regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
solo, in relation to a flight of an aircraft, means a flight in
which the pilot is the sole occupant of the aircraft.
special
certificate of
airworthiness
see regulation 21.175.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
special class
for aircraft: see subregulation 21.017(2).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
special condition
a special condition imposed under subregulation 21.016(1).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
special flight
authorisation
an authorisation granted under regulation 91.970.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
special flight
permit
a special flight permit issued under regulation 21.200.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
special certificate of airworthiness means:
(a) a certificate of airworthiness issued for:
(i) an aircraft type certificated in the primary,
intermediate or restricted category; or
(ii) an aircraft in the limited category; or
(iii) an amateur-built aircraft accepted under an
ABAA; or
(iv) a light sport aircraft covered by regulation
21.186; or
(b) a provisional certificate of airworthiness; or
(c) an experimental certificate.
Source FARs section 21.175 modified.
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
specialised
balloon
operation
see regulation 131.020.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
specialised
helicopter
operation
a helicopter operation that involves the carriage of persons
or cargo:
(a) between the coast of Australia and an off-shore
installation; or
(b) between off-shore installations; or
(c) to or from the helipad of:
(i) a hospital; or
(ii) a State or Territory service (however described)
established to provide assistance in
emergencies.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
special purpose
operation
for an aircraft in the limited category, means an operation
mentioned in subregulation 21.189(3).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
The special purpose operations are the following:
(a) operating historic or ex-military aircraft;
(aa) conducting adventure flights in historic or ex-military
aircraft;
(ab) if the aircraft does not have a major modification—
air racing;
(ac) glider towing;
(b) aerobatic flights;
(c) aerobatic training;
(d) exhibition flights;
(e) mock combat;
(f) operating replica aircraft;
(g) operating aircraft to carry people for parachute
descents;
(h) any other operation in which the only use of the
aircraft is to carry people taking part in a
recreational activity that is intrinsically hazardous.
special VFR
(a) for an aircraft other than a Part 131 aircraft—the
visual flight rules prescribed by the Part 91 Manual
of Standards; or
(b) for a Part 131 aircraft—the visual flight rules
prescribed by the Part 131 Manual of Standards.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
specified aircraft
performance
category
for an aircraft, means the aircraft performance category
prescribed for an aircraft’s VAT (as worked out in
accordance with the aircraft’s flight manual) by the Part 91
Manual of Standards.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
specified IFR
cruising level
for a track, means a cruising level prescribed by the Part 91
Manual of Standards for an IFR flight on the track.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
specified VFR
cruising level
for a track, means a cruising level prescribed by the Part 91
Manual of Standards for a VFR flight on the track.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
sport aviation
body
stage
Definition
Source
(a) Australian Ballooning Federation Incorporated; or
(b) Australian Parachute Federation Limited; or
(c) Australian Sport Rotorcraft Association
Incorporated; or
(d) Recreational Aviation Australia Limited; or
(e) The Gliding Federation of Australia Incorporated; or
(f) Hang Gliding Federation of Australia Incorporated;
or
(fa) the Australian Skydiving Association Incorporated;
or
(fb) an ASAO; or
(g) a body established in a Contracting State to
administer sport aviation in that State.
of flight of a rotorcraft, means any of the following:
(a) take-off;
(b) take-off and initial climb;
(c) en route;
(d) approach and landing, or baulked landing.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
Note: The definition of performance class relates to a stage of
flight of a rotorcraft. The definition of stage is used in these
Regulations only in the context of a performance class.
standard
certificate of
airworthiness
see regulation 21.175.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
standard part
a part that complies with a specification that:
(a) is established, published and maintained by:
(i) an organisation that sets consensus standards
for products; or
(ii) a government agency; and
(b) includes:
(i) design, manufacturing, test and acceptance
criteria; and
(ii) requirements for the uniform identification of
the part.
standard certificate of airworthiness means a certificate
of airworthiness issued for:
(a) an aircraft type certificated in the normal, utility,
acrobatic, commuter, or transport category; or
(b) a manned free balloon; or
(c) an aircraft in a special class of aircraft.
Source FARs section 21.175 modified.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Example: For subparagraph (a)(i), the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers—see http://www.ieee.org/portal/site
standard rate
turn
a turn of approximately 3 degrees per second, or 360
degrees in 2 minutes.
Part 138 MOS
standard RPA
see regulation 101.238.
CASR Dictionary
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
operating
conditions
Definition
Source
Part 1
An RPA is operated in standard RPA operating
conditions if, during the operation:
(a) the RPA is operated within the visual line of sight of
the person operating the RPA; and
(b) the RPA is operated at or below 400 ft AGL by day;
and
(c) the RPA is not operated within 30 m of a person
who is not directly associated with the operation of
the RPA; and
(d) the RPA is not operated:
(i) in a prohibited area; or
(ii) in a restricted area that is classified as RA3; or
(iii) in a restricted area that is classified as RA2 or
RA1 otherwise than in accordance with
regulation 101.065; or
(iv) over a populous area; or
(v) within 3 nautical miles of the movement area of
a controlled aerodrome; and
(e) the RPA is not operated over an area where a fire,
police or other public safety or emergency
operation is being conducted without the approval
of a person in charge of the operation; and
(f) the person operating the RPA operates only that
RPA.
standard visual
signal
light, hand or ground signal:
(a) prescribed by the Part 91 Manual of Standards for
the purposes of this paragraph; and
(b) displayed, for the purposes of communicating with
an aircraft, in accordance with the requirements, or
in the circumstances, (if any) prescribed by the Part
91 Manual of Standards for the purposes of this
paragraph.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
State^
includes the Northern Territory.
CAR Part 1
State
includes the Northern Territory.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
State, of an
operator
the country in which the operator’s principal place of
business is located or, if the operator does not have a
principal place of business, the country in which the
operator’s permanent residence is located.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
state aircraft
(a) aircraft of any part of the Defence Force (including
any aircraft that is commanded by a member of that
Force in the course of duties as such a member);
and
(b) aircraft used in the military, customs or police
services of a foreign country.
The Act
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
State of Design
has the meaning given by Annex 8 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
State of Design. The State having jurisdiction over the
organization responsible for the type design.
State of registry
for a foreign registered aircraft, means the foreign country
on whose register the aircraft is entered.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
STC
supplementary type certificate.
Part 138 MOS
step climb
is an ATC procedure which allows 2 aircraft to perform a
coordinated climb to a more fuel-efficient level while
maintaining safe separation.
Part 91 MOS
stopway
(a) for an aerodrome in Australian territory, means a
defined rectangular area on the ground at the end
of the take off run available, prepared as a suitable
area:
(i) in which an aircraft can be stopped in the case
of an abandoned take off; and
(ii) that meets the requirements in relation to a
stopway in the Part 139 (Aerodromes) Manual
of Standards 2019, as in force from time to
time; or
(b) for an aerodrome in a foreign country, means a
defined area on the ground at the end of the take
off run available, prepared as a suitable area:
(i) in which an aircraft can be stopped in the case
of an abandoned take off; and
(ii) that meets the relevant requirements (however
described), as in force from time to time, of the
national aviation authority in relation to a
stopway.
Part 121 MOS
student pilot^
(a) for aircraft other than balloons—a person who is
authorised to pilot an aircraft under regulation
61.112; or
(b) for balloons—a person who:
(i) does not hold a commercial (balloon) pilot
licence within the meaning of subregulation
5.01(1) of CAR; and
(ii) is receiving balloon flight training.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
student pilot^
(a) for aircraft other than Part 131 aircraft—a person
who is authorised to pilot an aircraft under
regulation 61.112; or
(b) for Part 131 aircraft—a person who:
(i) does not hold a commercial pilot (balloon)
licence within the meaning of subregulation
5.01(1) of CAR; and
(ii) is receiving balloon flying training within the
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
meaning of that subregulation.
student record
a record of a person’s progress in balloon flying training and
ground training that is kept by a balloon flying school at
which the person receives balloon flying training.
CAR Part 5
successfully
participating
in an operator’s approved cyclic training and proficiency
program, has the meaning given by regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
suitable forced
landing area
suitable forced
landing area
(a) for a Part 133 operation—see regulation 133.010;
and
(b) for a Part 135 operation—see regulation 135.015.
has the meaning given by section 1.06.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
Part 138 MOS
1.06 Suitable forced landing area
Area of ground
(1) In this MOS, an area of ground is a suitable forced
landing area for a flight of a rotorcraft in an aerial work
operation if the rotorcraft could make a forced landing in
the area with a reasonable expectation that there would
be no injuries to persons in the rotorcraft or on the
ground.
Areas of water
(2) In this MOS, an area of water that meets the
requirements mentioned in subsection (3) is a suitable
forced landing area for a flight of a rotorcraft in an aerial
work operation if the rotorcraft:
(a) is equipped with emergency flotation equipment; or
(b) has a type certificate or supplemental type
certificate for landing on water.
(3) For subsection (2), and subject to subsection (4), the
requirements are the following:
(a) the rotorcraft must be able to ditch in the area of
water with a reasonable expectation that there
would be no injuries to persons in the rotorcraft or
on the water;
(b) there must be a reasonable expectation that
persons in the rotorcraft would survive in the area
of water for the time that it would take to be
rescued;
(c) if an aerial work passenger is carried — the area of
water must be:
(i) adjacent to land; or
(ii) adjacent to an offshore installation with search
and rescue capabilities; or
(iii) in a location mentioned in the operations
manual of an aerial work operator with search
and rescue capabilities.
(4) Factors that affect whether there is a reasonable
expectation about the matters mentioned in paragraphs
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
(3) (a) and (b) include the following:
(a) the surface condition of the area of water, including
the wave height, wind conditions and swell;
(b) the limits of the capability of the rotorcraft’s
emergency flotation system to keep the rotorcraft
upright and floating in certain sea conditions.
suitable person
a person is a suitable person to occupy an emergency exit
row seat or a seat adjacent to an emergency exit if the
person:
(a) is reasonably fit, strong, and able to assist with the
rapid evacuation of the aircraft in an emergency;
and
(b) would not, because of a condition or disability,
including an inability to understand oral instructions,
hinder:
(i) other passengers during an evacuation of the
aircraft in an emergency; or
(c) the aircraft’s crew in carrying out their duties in an
emergency.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
supplemental
oxygen
oxygen that is provided to an occupant of an aircraft by
purpose-designed equipment to supplement the oxygen
available in the atmosphere inside the aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
supplemental
type certificate
a supplemental type certificate issued under regulation
21.113A.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
surveillance
operation
an operation to look for, identify or monitor a person or
thing.
Part 138 MOS
survival ELT
From section 26.51 of the Part 91 MOS:
Part 91 MOS
(applies to Part 121
MOS, Part 133
MOS, Part 135
MOS)
(1) In this Division:
survival ELT is an ELT that meets the requirements in:
(a) section 26.49; and
(b) subsection (2).
(2) For paragraph (1) (b), the ELT must be:
(a) removable from the aircraft; and
(b) 1 of the following types:
(i) an emergency position-indicating radio beacon
of a type that meets the requirements of
AS/NZS 4280.1:2003;
(ii) a personal locator beacon of a type that meets
the requirements of AS/NZS 4280.2:2003;
(iii) a type authorised by the FAA or EASA in
accordance with (E)TSO-C126;
(iv) a type authorised by EASA in accordance with:
(A) ETSO-2C91a for operation on 121.5 MHz;
and
(B) ETSO-2C126 for operation on 406 MHz;
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
(v) a type approved under Part 21 of CASR as
having a level of performance equivalent to a
type mentioned in subparagraph (i), (ii), (iii) or
(iv).
Note: for section 24.69 see ELT
syllabus
syllabus of training published under regulation 5.59.
CAR Part 5
synthetic flight
trainer
a flight simulator, a flight training device, or a synthetic
trainer
CAR Part 1
Note 1: For definitions of flight simulator and flight training device,
see the CASR Dictionary.
Note 2: Standards for flight simulators and flight training devices
are set out in the document called ‘Manual of Standards (MOS) –
Part 60’ published by CASA.
Note 3: Standards for synthetic trainers are set out in the
document called ‘FSD-2 Operational Standards and Requirements
– Approved Synthetic Trainers’ published by CASA.
synthetic trainer
synthetic
training device
ground training device, other than a flight simulator or a
flight training device, that simulates or represents flight
conditions, aircraft characteristics and a cockpit
environment.
(a) a flight simulator; or
(b) a flight training device; or
(c) a basic instrument flight trainer.
CAR Part 1
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
T
TAF3
an aerodrome forecast:
(a) issued by the BOM for an aerodrome within
Australian territory; and
(b) that contains the text “TAF3” in the remarks section
of the forecast.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
take-off
alternate
aerodrome
an alternate aerodrome that is a take-off alternate (within
the meaning of Annex 2 to the Chicago Convention).
Part 121 MOS
Part 135 MOS
Note: refer to definition of alternate aerodrome.
take-off
decision point
for a take-off of a rotorcraft, means the point, mentioned in
the rotorcraft’s flight manual, from which, if an engine failure
is recognised:
(a) the take-off may be safely rejected; or
(b) the take-off may be continued safely.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
take-off distance
available
the total of:
(a) the length of the take-off run available at an
aerodrome; and
(b) if a clearway is provided at the aerodrome—the
length of the clearway.
Part 121 MOS
take-off distance
for an aeroplane, means the take-off distance for the
Part 121 MOS
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
required
aeroplane calculated in accordance with the relevant
requirements in the flight manual instructions for the
aeroplane.
take-off minima
the minimum values of the following that are used to
determine whether an aerodrome may be used for the takeoff of aircraft:
(a) visibility, including runway visibility and runway
visual range;
(b) cloud ceiling height.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
take-off minima
requirements
for an aerodrome: see subregulation 91.307.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
take-off weight
for a flight of an aircraft, means the total weight of the
aircraft, including its load, at the start of:
(a) for an aeroplane—its take-off run; or
(b) for a rotorcraft—its take-off manoeuvre.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
take-off run
available
for take-off at an aerodrome, means:
(a) if the aerodrome is a certified aerodrome—the
distance declared by the aerodrome operator in the
AIP as available and suitable for the ground run of
an aeroplane taking off; and
(b) if the aerodrome is not a certified aerodrome—the
distance established by the operator of an
aeroplane as available and suitable for the ground
run of an aeroplane taking off.
Part 121 MOS
tandem
parachutist
see regulation 105.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1>
tandem parachutist means a person undertaking a
parachute descent in which the person’s harness is
attached to the harness of another person who is in control
of the descent.
task specialist
see subregulations 138.015(1) and (2).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
(1) A task specialist, for an aerial work operation, means
a crew member for a flight:
(a) who carries out a function for the flight relating to
the aerial work operation; and
(b) who is not a flight crew member or an air crew
member for the flight.
(2) Despite subregulation (1), a task specialist:
(a) includes a crew member of a kind prescribed by the
Part 138 Manual of Standards for the purposes of
this paragraph; and
(b) does not include a crew member of a kind
prescribed by the Part 138 Manual of Standards for
the purposes of this paragraph.
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
task specialist
operation
see subregulation 138.010(4).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
A task specialist operation means carrying out a
specialised activity using an aircraft in flight and includes
training for such an activity.
TAWS
terrain awareness and avoidance system.
Part 121 MOS
TAWS-Class A
has the meaning given by the Part 121 Manual of
Standards.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
TAWS-Class A means an approved TAWS that meets the
performance requirements for TAWS Class A mentioned in
RTCA/DO-367.
TAWS-Class B
has the meaning given by the Part 121 Manual of
Standards.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
TAWS-Class B means an approved TAWS that meets the
performance requirements for TAWS Class B mentioned in
RTCA/DO-367.
taxi fuel
refer to the MOS applicable to the type of operation.
-
taxi speed^
the speed at which an aeroplane manoeuvres on the
surface of an aerodrome under its own power when it is
neither taking-off nor landing.
CAR Part 1
TCAS^
type of ACAS that:
(a) interrogates, and receives replies from, a
secondary surveillance radar transponder; and
(b) uses those replies to provide:
(i) resolution advisories in the vertical plane; or
(ii) traffic advisories.
CAR 262AA
TDZ
touchdown zone.
Part 91 MOS
terminal
instrument flight
procedure
an instrument approach procedure or instrument departure
procedure.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Territory^
does not include the Northern Territory.
CAR Part 1
Territory
does not include the Northern Territory.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
tethered
in relation to a lighter-than-air aircraft, means attached to
the ground, or an object on the ground, by flexible restraints
that limit movement.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
tethered balloon
see regulation 101.105.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
tethered balloon means an unmanned balloon that is
attached to the ground, or an object on the ground, by a
cable.
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
tethered flight
time
in relation to a balloon, means any part of the flight time in
the balloon during which the balloon is tethered.
CAR Part 5
the Convention
the Chicago Convention.
CAR Part 1
the Director of
Meteorology^
Director of Meteorology under the Meteorology Act 1955.
CAR Part 1
theory
examination
an examination set under subregulation 5.41(1).
CAR Part 5
these
Regulations
includes CASR.
CAR Part 1
these
Regulations
includes CAR.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
threshold
of a runway, means the beginning of that portion of a
runway that is useable for landing.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
threshold
distance
in relation to an aeroplane, means the distance mentioned
in subparagraph 121.030(1)(b)(ii) of CASR for the
aeroplane.
Part 121 MOS
Note: The table in regulation 121.030 (1) of CASR sets out the
threshold distance for an aeroplane described in an item in column
1 of the table, being a distance from an adequate aerodrome for
the aeroplane measured by the time required for the aeroplane to
achieve that distance if flying at the speed mentioned in the item
for the aeroplane.
time-in-service
(a) for an aircraft—each period starting when the
aircraft takes off for a flight and ending when the
aircraft lands at the end of the flight; and
(b) for an aircraft engine or propeller that is fitted to an
aircraft—each period starting when the aircraft
takes off for a flight and ending when the aircraft
lands at the end of the flight.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
time-lifed aircraft
component
an aircraft component (including an engine or propeller)
that:
(a) the manufacturer of the component; or
(b) if the component has been modified—the designer
of the modification; or
(c) CASA;
has instructed must be retired or overhauled or removed
from an aircraft within a particular period.
CAR Part 1
time-limited
system
any EDTO significant system:
(a) on whose availability the duration of a flight of an
aeroplane depends; and
(b) whose capacity has a time limit.
Part 121 MOS
TLOF
touchdown and lift-off area and is the surface over which
the touchdown and lift-off is conducted.
Part 91 MOS
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
tour of duty
for a flight crew member:
(a) means a period from when the member begins any
duties associated with his or her employment
before making a flight or series of flights until the
member is finally relieved of all such duties after the
end of the flight or flights; and
(b) includes a period during which the member is
required by an operator to hold himself or herself
available at an aerodrome for the performance of
any such duties.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
touring motor
glider
a powered sailplane that:
(a) has an integrally mounted, non-retractable, engine
and a non-retractable propeller; and
(b) is capable of taking off and climbing under its own
power according to the touring motor glider’s flight
manual.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
track^
the projection on the earth’s surface of the path of an
aircraft, the direction of which at any point is usually
expressed in degrees from North (true or magnetic).
CAR Part 1
track
the projection on the earth’s surface of the path of an
aircraft, the direction of which at any point is usually
expressed in degrees from North (true or magnetic).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
traffic advisory^
information that:
(a) is provided to a pilot of an aircraft by a TCAS that is
fitted to the aircraft; and
(b) is about another aircraft that the TCAS recognises
as a threat.
CAR 262AA
traffic advisory,
or TA
for an ACAS, means an indication given to the flight crew
that a certain intruder aircraft is a potential threat.
Part 121 MOS
traffic advisory
service^
a service provided by air traffic control for the purpose of
giving traffic information and advice, except traffic
avoidance advice, to help a pilot avoid a collision.
CAR Part 1
traffic avoidance
advice^
advice provided by air traffic control specifying manoeuvres
to help a pilot avoid a collision.
CAR Part 1
traffic
information^
information issued by air traffic control or Flight Service to
alert the pilot of an aircraft to other aircraft that may be
close to the position, or the intended route, of his or her
aircraft, so as to help the pilot avoid a collision.
CAR Part 1
traffic
information
has the same meaning as in Annex 11 to the Chicago
Convention.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Traffic information. Information issued by an air traffic
services unit to alert a pilot to other known or observed air
traffic which may be in proximity to the position or intended
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
route of flight and to help the pilot avoid a collision.
traffic pattern^
the path over the ground of aircraft in flight in the vicinity of
an aerodrome during the execution of take-offs and
landings and their paths when manoeuvring on the
manoeuvring area.
CAR Part
traffic pattern
the path over the ground of aircraft in flight in the vicinity of
an aerodrome during the execution of take-offs and
landings and their paths when manoeuvring on the
manoeuvring area.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
trainee
parachutist:
see regulation 105.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1>
trainee parachutist has the meaning given by the Part 105
Manual of Standards.
training
endorsement
see regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
training endorsement means an endorsement mentioned
in column 1 of table 61.1235.
transition
altitude
the altitude at or below which the vertical position of an
aircraft is controlled by reference to altitudes.
Part 91 MOS
transition layer
the airspace between the transition altitude and the
transition level.
Part 91 MOS
transition level
the level at or above which the vertical position of an aircraft
is controlled by reference to flight levels.
Part 91 MOS
transition mode
capability
the capability, through the AFCS, to do the following:
(a) hover hold at a selected height above the surface;
(b) ground speed hold;
(c) transition down and hover to a waypoint under
guidance from the navigation function of the FMS
(the navigation computer);
(d) transition down and hover near a target over which
the helicopter has flown;
(e) transition up, climb, and capture a cruise height;
(f) capture and track search patterns generated by the
navigation computer;
(g) monitor the preselected hover height with the option
of automatic correction if the aircraft height drops
below the safe minimum height.
Part 138 MOS
trip fuel
refer to the MOS applicable to the type of operation.
-
TSO
see paragraph 21.601(2)(ab).
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
a TSO is a Technical Standard Order issued by the FAA.
turbine-powered
commercial
an aeroplane that:
(a) is propelled by turbojet, turbofan or turboprop
CAR 262AA
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
aeroplane^
Definition
Source
engines; and
(b) is being used to conduct a public transport service.
type
for an aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller, means a design
and make of aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller and, where
appropriate, refers to a group of essentially similar aircraft,
aircraft engines or propellers which, although possibly
existing in different models, stem from a common basic
design.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
type acceptance
certificate
a type acceptance certificate issued under regulation
21.029A.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
type certificate
see regulation 21.041.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
type certificate, for an aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller,
means a type certificate issued by CASA under regulation
21.013A or 21.029 certifying that the aircraft, aircraft engine
or propeller meets the airworthiness standard mentioned for
it in the certificate.
type certificated
issued with a type certificate or type acceptance certificate.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
type certificate
data sheet
a sheet attached to a type certificate for an aircraft, aircraft
engine or propeller that sets out the limitations prescribed
by the applicable airworthiness requirements for the aircraft,
aircraft engine or propeller, and any other limitations and
information necessary for type certification of the aircraft,
aircraft engine or propeller.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
type certification
basis
for an aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller, means the
airworthiness standards and any special conditions or other
conditions with which the aircraft, aircraft engine or
propeller must comply for the issue of a type certificate.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
type design
see regulation 21.031.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
underwater
escape training
for a rotorcraft, means training in emergency response
knowledge and skills, including evacuation techniques, to
be applied in the event of an emergency ditching of the
rotorcraft.
Part 133 MOS
unforeseen
factors
refer to the MOS applicable to the type of operation.
-
unlawful
interference
with aviation^
has the same meaning as in section 3AE of the Air
Navigation Act 1920.
CAR Part 1
unmanned free
a balloon other than a manned free balloon.
CASR Dictionary
U
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
balloon^
unmanned free
balloon
Part 1
a free balloon that:
(a) is not tethered; and
(b) is not equipped to carry persons.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
Note: There are 4 different kinds of unmanned free balloons: see
regulation 101.145.
unpowered
aircraft
an aircraft other than a powered aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
use NVIS
to use NVIS as the primary means of terrain avoidance for
safe air navigation by means of visual surface reference
external to the aircraft.
Part 91 MOS
V1
the take-off decision speed.
Part 121 MOS
V1 (wet)
a reduced V1, not below VMCG, established for use on a
wet or contaminated runway.
Part 121 MOS
V2
the take-off safety speed which is the target speed to be
attained at the 35 ft height following an engine failure after
V1.
Part 121 MOS
V
Note: The 35 ft height is also known as reference zero, which is
also the point at which the take-off distance ends.
valid
for a navigation database, means that the database must
be provided by an approved provider.
Part 91 MOS
variant
see regulation 61.010.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
variant, in relation to an aircraft model (the first model),
means another aircraft model that CASA has prescribed by
a legislative instrument under regulation 61.055 as a variant
of the first model.
VAT, or velocity
at threshold
in this MOS, means the indicated airspeed at the threshold
which is equal to the higher of whichever of the following is
available in the landing configuration at the maximum
certificated landing mass:
(a) stall speed VSO multiplied by 1.3; or
(b) stall speed VS1G multiplied by 1.23.
Part 91 MOS
VEF
the take-off engine failure speed established by the
certification basis for the aeroplane.
Part 121 MOS
vehicle
(a) a trailer, caravan or portion of an articulated
vehicle; and
(b) an object that was designed or adapted for use as a
vehicle but is incapable of being so used because:
(i) a part has, or parts have, been removed from it;
or
(ii) it is in a wrecked or damaged condition.
The Act
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
vertical plane^
in relation to an aeroplane, means a plane perpendicular to
the horizontal plane.
CAR Part 1
vertical
reference
operation
is an external load operation:
(a) in which a rotorcraft picks up, carries and sets down
a load; and
(b) during which the pilot, by looking down vertically
from the rotorcraft, is able to observe the position of
the load.
Part 138 MOS
Note: These operations are sometimes colloquially known as
“long-lining” — the load at the end of its long-line below the
rotorcraft is always within a vertical line of sight to the pilot in the
rotorcraft. The pilot must be able to look down and observe the
position of the load so that the pilot can alternately scan the load,
the flight controls, the instruments and the rotorcraft’s position.
very light
aeroplane
an aeroplane of a kind mentioned in clause CS-VLA 1 of
EASA CS-VLA, as in force from time to time.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
very small RPA
see regulation 101.022.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
very small RPA means an RPA with a gross weight of
more than 100 g but less than 2 kg.
vessel
any on-water craft or structure capable of navigation.
Part 138 MOS
V.F.R.^
is the symbol used to designate the Visual Flight Rules
prescribed in Part 12.
CAR Part 1
VFR
(short for visual flight rules)
(a) for Part 131 aircraft—the rules and procedures set
out in Subdivision 131.D.4.2; or
(b) for all other aircraft—the rules and procedures set
out in Subdivision 91.D.4.2.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
VFR
climb/descend
is an ATC authorisation for an IFR flight in Class D or E
airspace to climb or descend in VMC.
Part 91 MOS
V.F.R. flight^
a flight conducted in accordance with Visual Flight Rules
prescribed in Part 12.
CAR Part 1
VFR flight
a flight conducted under the VFR.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
VFR-on-top
is an ATC authorisation for an IFR flight in Class E airspace
to operate in VMC at VFR cruising levels.
Part 91 MOS
V.F.R.
operation^
an operation conducted under Visual Flight Rules
prescribed in Part 12.
CAR Part 1
VFR operation
an operation conducted under the VFR.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1*
VHF
very high frequency.
Part 91 MOS
visibility^
the ability, as determined by atmospheric conditions and
CAR Part 1
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
Definition
Source
expressed in units of distance, to see and identify
prominent unlighted objects by day and prominent lighted
objects by night.
visibility
the ability, as determined by atmospheric conditions and
expressed in units of distance, to see and identify
prominent unlighted objects by day and prominent lighted
objects by night.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
V.M.C.^
is the symbol used to denote meteorological conditions in
which the flight visibility and distances from cloud during a
flight are equal to, or greater than, the applicable distances
determined by the Authority under subregulation 172(2).
CAR Part 1
VMC
(short for visual meteorological conditions)
meteorological conditions that meet the VMC criteria.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
VMC criteria
(a) for a class of aircraft (other than Part 131 aircraft)
and a class of airspace (including flight visibility and
distance from cloud)—means the criteria prescribed
for the class of aircraft and class of airspace by the
Part 91 Manual of Standards; and
(b) for Part 131 aircraft and a class of airspace
(including flight visibility and distance from cloud)—
means the criteria prescribed for the aircraft and
class of airspace by the Part 131 Manual of
Standards.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
VMCG
has the meaning given by regulation 25.149 of the FARs,
as in force from time to time.
Part 121 MOS
Vmin
the minimum operating speed.
Part 91 MOS
Vmini
instrument flight minimum speed, utilised in complying with
minimum speed limit requirements for instrument flight in a
rotorcraft.
Part 138 MOS
VNAV
vertical navigation.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
VOR
VHF omnidirectional radio range.
Part 91 MOS
Part 121 MOS
VS1G
the stalling speed, or the steady flight speed, obtained in
the clean configuration at 1G.
Part 91 MOS
VSO
the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in the
landing configuration.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1
Source FARs section 1.2.
Vyse
for an aircraft, means the speed mentioned in the AFM for
the best rate of climb with 1 engine inoperative.
Part 91 MOS
W
water rescue
(a) an external load operation in a rotorcraft to rescue a
Part 138 MOS
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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Term
operation
Definition
Source
person from the sea or other water, using rescue
equipment attached to an AFM-approved external
load attachment point on the rotorcraft, whether or
not the attachment hook is certified by its
manufacturer for the carriage of a Class D external
load; or
(b) training for an operation mentioned in paragraph
(a).
WATIR, or
weather and
terminal
information
reciter
a service, provided by an aerodrome operator:
(a) that provides actual weather conditions at the
aerodrome via telephone or broadcast; and
(b) the data for which is obtained from an AWS
operated or approved by the BOM and
supplemented by the aerodrome operator.
Part 91 MOS
weight and
balance
documents
for a flight of an aircraft, are the documents that set out the
aircraft’s load for the flight and the distribution of the load
during the flight.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
weight and
balance limits
for an aircraft, means the weight and balance limits set out
in the aircraft flight manual instructions for the aircraft.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
weight-shiftcontrolled
aeroplane
an aeroplane where flight control is attained primarily by
weight-shift.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1>
welding training
practical and theoretical training that:
(a) is based on Australian Standard AS 1796 as in
force from time to time; and
(b) is conducted by an organisation that carries out
training in welding.
CAR Part 4
wet
a runway is wet if the surface area required for a take-off or
landing:
(a) is not dry; and
(b) is not contaminated.
CASR Dictionary
Part 1#
*, #, > and ^ Refer to sub-sections 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 for explanations
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