Christ the King Collge
National Highway, Gingoog City
S.Y. 2019-2020
Case Study: Where
Did the Cry of
Rebellion Happen?
Submitted by:
Ajan, Mary Joy
Butalid, Rejan May P.
Callo, Ruffa Mae
Nillas, Zephtanie
Submitted to:
Mr. Jaffy Glenn Dela Cruz Guillena
Where did the cry of rebellion happen?
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Momentous events swept the Spanish colonies in the late nineteenth century, including the
Philippines.
Journalists of the time referred to the phrase “El Grito de Rebelion” or “Cry of Rebellion”
to mark the start of these revolutionary events, identifying places where it happened.
In the Philippines, the Cry of Rebellion happened in August 1896, northeast of Manila,
where they declared rebellion against the Spanish colonial government.
Various accounts of the Cry give different dates and places.
SOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCE:
1. Guillermo Masangkay, “Cry of
Balintawak” in Gregorio Zaide and
Sonia Zaide, Documentary Sources of
Philippine History, Volume 8 (Manila:
National Book Store, 1990) 307-309.
ANALYSIS
A big meeting held in Balintawak at the
house of Apolonio Samson on August 26
together with all the leaders and board of
directors of the Katipunan. The source stated
who opposed to start an early revolution.
Katipuneros was led by Andres Bonifacio, tore
their “cedulas” as an expression their open
defiance against the Spanish rule in the country.
2. An officer of the Spanish Guardia Civil,
Lt. Olegario Diaz.
A guardia civil identified the “Cry” to have
happened in Balintawak on August 25, 1896.
3. Pugad Lawin Monument in Quezon
City, Philippines created by Juan
Ramos, son of Melchora Aquino.
The Cry of Pugad Lawin Shrine was
developed by virtue of the Pugad Lawin
Historical Committee created in 1983 to locate
the residence of Juan Ramos. The site is where,
Andres Bonifacio, on August 23, 1896, gathered
the Katipuneros, tearing up their cedulas,
shouting “Mabuhay ang Pilipinas!” as a sign of
rebellion against Spanish rule.
4. Pio Valenzuela, “Cry of Pugad Lawin,”
in Gregorio Zaide and Sonia Zaide,
Documentary Sources of Philip pine
Pio Valenzuela’s statements are not
consistent. His first statement mention that the
cry happened between August 23 and 25 at
Balintawak. He also stated the house of
History, Volume 8 (Manila: National
Book Store, 1990), 301-302
Apolonio Samson in Kangkong, south of
Ballintawak on August 23. Another, the house
of Melchora Aquino at Pugad Lawin near Paong
Tamo, also on August 23.
Valenzuela’s
statement seems firm on the date, August 23 and
apparently uncertain on where the cry actually
happened.
5. A short biography: Mga Tala ng Aking
Buhay by Gregoria de Jesus Nakpil.
Gregoria Nakpil was a widow of Andres
Bonifacio, in her biography she stated that the
Cry of Balintawak took place on August 25,
1896 in Pasong Tamo, this place isn’t Makati but
in Caloocan.
6. Handwritten notes on the Philippine
Revolution of Julio Nakpil was deposit
at National Library under Teodoro M.
Kalaw 1925.
Julio Nakpil, Bonifacio’s associate, the
composer of the Katipunan. He wrote “swearing
before God and before history that everything in
these notes is the truth.” He stated, revolution
started in Balintawak in the last days of August
1896. On the other page of his note, “Bonifacio
uttered the first cry of war against tyranny on
August 24, 1896.” Then he finally remembered
“the fisrt cry of Balintawak was in August 26,
1896 in the place called Kangkong, adjacent to
Paong Tamo, within the Jurisdiction of
Balintawak, Caloocan, then within the province
of Manila.”
7. Santiago Alvarez, a Katipunero and son
of Mariano Alvarez. Memoirs, Ang
Katipunan at Paghihimagsik written in
1927.
Internal evidence of Alvarez’s account is
based on information he obtained from Ramon
Bernardo, a Katipunan leader from Pandacan
who was a participant of the Cry. He said that
the cry happened in Bahay Toro in Quezon City
on August 24, 1896.
8. Teodoro Andal Agoncillo cited
Teodoro convinced the the National Historical
Commission to move the traditional August 26
statements from Pio Valenzuela.
to August 23 and transfer the historical site
from Balintawak to Pugad Lawin with the
support of Dr. Pio Valenzuela’s statements.
SECONDARY and TERTIARY SOURCES:
1. Sichrovsky, Harry. “An Austrian Life
for the Philippines: The Cry of
Balintawak”. Retrieved August 29,
2009.
Bonifacio and the Katipunan attacked or
risked their annilation of their organization on
August 26 at the hills of Balintawak North
Manila.
Teodoro convinced the the National
Historical Commission to move the traditional
August 26 to August 23 and transfer the
historical site from Balintawak to Pugad Lawin
with the support of Dr. Pio Valenzuela’s
statements.
Ocampo’s research is archival and writings on
2. Ambeth R. Ocampo a Filipino historian.
history are based on primary sources. He cited
Looking Back, bi-weekly editorial page
some people who is associated with Andres
column in the Philippine Daily Inquirer.
Bonifacio. According to him, there are more
conflicting sources available, and to keep the
peace, the Cry of the Rebellion happened at
Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1986.
3. Borromeo-Buehler, Soledad Masangkay
(1998) The Cry of Balintawak: A
Contrived Controversy: A Textual
Analysis with Appended Documents.
She resolved the controversy by analyzing
eyewitness accounts and contemporary
documents heretofore unquoted, misquoted or
misinterpreted. In her reconstruction of what
transpired in Balintawak where Katipuneros ,
led by Andres Bonifacio, assembled at Pook
Kangkong in August 1896, she demonstrate that
the Cry of Pugad Lawin was a hoax.
4. Wenceslao Emilio
In his five volume compilation of historical
documents, Archivo del Bibliofilo Filipino,
Valenzuela signed testimony before Spanish
interrogators dated September 1896 stated that
the Cry of Balintawak was held in Balintawak
on August 26, 1896, years later, in his memoirs
published in English after World War II,
Valenzuela stated that the cry was actually held
in Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896. Agoncillo
explained that the September 1896 account was
extracted from Valenzuela under duress and
couldn’t be trusted.
CONCLUSION:
From all the sources that we have gathered, we conclude that the Cry of Rebellion first
happened at Balintawak. Considering the article of Pio Valenzuela saying that the Cry of Rebellion
happened in Balintawak and then transferred to Pugad Lawin which shows inconsistencies of his
stand. But looking at Guillermo Masangkay’s article, aside that he is a good friend and an adviser
of Andres Bonifacio he is also a member of the Katipunan and he was in attendance that time when
the rebellion happened. He then said that the first Cry of Rebellion happened in Balintawak and
not in Pugad Lawin.
Map of Balintawak
The Cry of Pugad Lawin Monument in Quezon City.
The Cry of Balintawak Monument