Index Index terms Links A 'A' porosity 176 'A' Scale Rockwell diamond cone indentation test 276 Ablation impulse 319 Abrasion 244 low stress grinding 238 Acetone vapour 379 Activated reactive evaporation 324 356 Adatoms 321 chromium carbide 345 198 351 356 79 138 324 Active growth centres Addition 306 326 Abrasive particle schematic 289 3 48 tungsten 201 Additives 172 Adherent diamond coating 340 Adhesion strength 321 Adiabatic cooling 371 Ageing 231 Agglomerates 4 64 Agglomeration 69 78 tendency 98 Aggregate 76 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 385 386 Index terms Airborne dust measurement Links 380 382 Alkali decomposition Alkali metals 56 71 Allergy 379 Allotropic forms 171 Allotropic transformation 196 Alloy 3 arc-melted 351 cobalt lean 122 composition 234 consolidation 359 crystallization 23 variation study 351 Alloying elements 301 Alternate binders 152 Alumina refractories 112 Aluminium 208 activity 115 alloys 302 machinability problems 302 Amines 61 Ammonium paratungstate (APT) 59 Amorphous phases 245 40 carbon content Amorphous 208 318 321 64 Analysis spectrographic 269 tantalum carbide 274 thermal 29 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 252 387 Index terms Links Analysis (Continued) titanium carbide 273 Analytical balance 276 Anisotropic system 146 Anisotropy 170 Annealing condition process treatment Apparent density Application range 202 85 205 94 4 345 297 Argon injection 116 Ash content 270 Asthma 379 Astroloy 151 Atmosphere argon 94 gaseous 108 pollution 98 protective 111 Atom-probe field ion microscopy 316 Atomic absorption spectrometry 271 Atomic radii Atomistic film deposition processes Attrition Attritor 17 321 93 241 306 345 91 94 Attritor milled 356 Attritor milling 91 advantages 93 296 93 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 299 388 Index terms Links B 'B' porosity 176 Ball milled 82 Ball milling 89 Ball mills 91 Basal plane 142 167 Batch process 60 Bend strength 210 BHMA parameters 289 Bias voltage 320 Billets 96 Binary miscibility gap 23 Binary phase diagram 7 Binary solid solutions 17 Binder 45 agglomerates 120 183 99 alternate 150 extrusion 239 Fe-Ni 151 leach process 375 ligaments 177 melting point 172 migration 144 pools 187 substitution 173 width 183 246 Binder mean free path 193 Binder metal 172 245 Binder phase 171 193 chemical composition 166 content 340 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 389 Index terms Links Binder phase (Continued) distribution 147 fluidity 211 values 188 Binder/lubricant distribution 97 Blanking dies 306 Bloch wall 228 Bloch wall shift 228 Blue oxide, reduction Blunting 70 212 Boat type 106 Bombardment effects 326 Bonding 316 chemical 321 electrostatic 321 van der walls 321 Bonding metal 170 Borate melt 274 Boron diffusion 328 methods 327 Brazed tools 262 Brazing alloys 381 cracks 262 furnace 262 induction 262 shrink 264 torch 262 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 390 Index terms Links British Hard Metal Association (BHMA) 289 Brittle fracture 217 Brittle spall, formation 239 Bronzes 303 Buick code 289 Built-up edge 296 237 244 301 C 'C' porosities 177 Calcination 63 CALPHAD method 29 Capsule technique 37 Carbide addition decomposition 7 206 23 grades 211 grain size 130 grain size (dwc) 187 grains 177 hard refractory machining producer size 351 55 294 1 183 slurry 96 specification, history of 289 structure 357 surface area 354 Carbide skeleton, continuous 193 Carbon balance 127 control 75 117 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 391 Index terms Links Carbon (Continued) deficiency 172 deficient zone 315 loss 116 saturation 340 Carbon black 270 Carbon content 81 130 176 352 non-stoichiometric 211 Carbonitride grain size 159 Carburization 28 149 Carburizing 77 82 atmosphere 115 temperature 78 272 152 301 Cast iron eutectic composition 152 ferritic 301 pearlitic 301 Catalytic effect Cavitation erosion 166 81 246 Cemented carbide coating 166 coatings 310 containing TiN 158 major constituent 193 mechanical properties 211 nonmagnetic 152 refractory 153 schematic diagram 46 Cemented carbide tools composition gradient 365 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 179 392 Index terms Ceramic inclusions Links 120 Changes microstructural 147 Charles equation 94 Chemical affinity bond 310 17 ion plating 321 local growth 356 processes 370 properties 310 stability 309 Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) Chemical vapour transport (CVT) 3 310 311 146 67 Chevron-slotted specimens 279 Chip breakers 303 Chromium 46 addition 257 substitution 151 Cleavage 325 Cleavage fracture 217 Coalescence 140 145 219 355 process 179 Coarse grains 202 Coarsening 117 Coated hard metal, advantages 309 Coating 300 composite 337 growth, steps 321 microstructures 325 148 309 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 179 393 Index terms Links Coating (Continued) parameter 317 plasma assisted CVD TiN effects 334 process, parameters 311 properties, variables 320 sputter 319 thickness 334 Cobalt allotropic modifications 9 concentration 169 distribution 119 draining 264 exposure data 381 extrusion 326 flow 142 metal 271 migration 365 ultra-fine powders 72 welding particles 108 171 227 Cobalt binder 89 alternative 149 Cobalt content 130 184 202 227 239 299 354 366 228 280 353 Cobaltic oxide 258 Cobaltous oxide 258 Coercive force 227 in relation to carbon content 229 measurement 187 variation of 228 138 Coercivity 230 280 Cold stream process 370 371 Cold welding 241 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 394 Index terms Links Columnar grains 317 Combined CVD/PVD coating 337 Combustion flame deposition (CFD) 339 Comminution 172 Compact cracking 133 Compact slumping 133 Compatibility 325 99 Compaction pressure 101 Composition 154 217 40 315 Composition range Compound, properties 315 Compressive residual stress 337 Compressive strength 201 299 306 345 Compressive stress 238 246 250 295 304 334 Concentration gradient 175 Conditions, atmospheric 71 Conjunctivitis 379 Consolidation 122 methods 346 processes 378 Contact flattening 145 Contaminants 57 Contamination 372 Content aluminum 208 carbon 203 cobalt 202 Contiguity 139 146 147 177 183 184 186 187 195 217 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 395 Index terms Links Contiguous boundaries 179 Continuity 141 193 Continuous solid solutions formation conditions 17 Contour maps 154 Contraction 147 Conversion, eutectoid 9 Cooling zone 111 Copper 303 Corrosion 237 254 behaviour 256 257 rate 257 study 255 Corrosion resistance 257 Corrosive attack 254 Counter face specimen 280 307 Crack extension force 239 fatigue, growth 216 fatigue, nucleation 215 growth 215 multiple 249 healing 212 propagation 160 resistance 211 thermal 243 thermal fatigue 244 thermal, initiation 216 Crater region 238 Crater resistance 242 Crater wear resistance 330 208 219 249 334 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 396 Index terms Cratering Links 241 289 295 Creep cavitation 214 compression 214 data 215 deformation 213 dislocation 213 high temperature 214 indentation 214 resistant 214 rupture 214 strength 213 tensile 214 Critical density 239 Critical speed 91 Critical strain, energy release rate 209 Critical yield stress 102 214 303 Crystal anisotropic shapes 148 defects 167 domains 78 energy 228 growth 180 shapes 167 size 70 state 178 structure 7 structure, tungsten monocarbide 8 Crystalline 321 structure 17 Crystallite 325 size 228 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 299 397 Index terms Crystallization Links 9 Crystallized phases 357 Crystallographic disruption 323 Cubic carbides 169 Cubic form 59 60 207 9 Cubic refractory carbides 256 Curlers 303 Cutting speed 294 Cutting steel 242 299 CVD chemical reaction 311 coated 175 coating system 313 CVD process coatings produced Cyclic loading Cyclone separator Cycloparaffins 312 244 246 97 104 D Debinding 130 Decantation 91 electromagnetic phase 29 Decarburization 149 Decomposition 56 154 319 198 Defect production 323 Deformation 167 172 303 304 behaviour 216 characteristics 217 zone 202 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 295 398 Index terms Densification Links 99 117 118 122 124 126 138 141 146 147 154 157 159 355 361 365 233 aggregation stage 143 stages 140 Density 148 155 157 269 275 276 Dental applications 365 Deplasticisation 103 Deposition conditions 312 rate 313 zone 311 Dermatitis 379 Dewax/presinter furnace 106 Dewaxing atmospheres 132 Diamond coating 339 considerations 340 Diamond deposition, parameters 340 Diamond films, deposition method 339 Diamond growth, conditions 340 Diamond like-carbon coatings (DLC) 339 Diamond thin film coatings 311 Die, configuration 103 Dielectric permittivities 132 Diffraction, neutron 314 7 Diffusion 154 atomic 139 barriers 340 bulk, processes 321 166 237 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 296 399 Index terms Links Diffusion (Continued) carbon 257 cobalt 143 enhanced 142 flow 264 gradient 146 interfacial 142 path 106 rate 78 Diffusion wear 304 Diffusivity 314 Dihedral angle 146 Dimensional control 98 Dimensions, atomic 17 Diode configuration 319 Direct carburization 81 Direct reduction route 70 Directional solidification 27 Disk irradiation 250 Dislocation 167 climb 214 density 167 mobility 219 Disordered hexagonal modification 12 Dispersion 92 151 216 170 Disposal filtering face piece 381 Distillation 372 Distortion 117 118 Distribution 187 269 range 180 Domain wall motion 231 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 400 Index terms Doped Links 80 Doping, parameters 121 Drag bit 244 Drilling percussive 243 percussive-rotary 244 rock 243 rotary 244 rotary-percussive 306 Drying chamber 97 Ductile tearing 217 Ductility 175 Duplex process 101 306 205 246 Dust collector fines 369 measurements 380 sample analysis 381 Dynamic strength, properties 215 E Edge chipping 337 Edge crack 250 Elastic modulus 306 Elasticity 306 Electrodialysis 378 Electromagnetic phase decantation technique Electron beam welding Electrospark erosion Embrittlement Enthalpy Entrapped gases 307 40 265 13 120 84 176 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 340 401 Index terms Links Environmental factors 243 problems 375 Epitaxial growth 168 Equiaxed grains 317 Equilibria 37 40 Equilibrium configuration 167 contiguity 184 point 27 temperature 45 value 235 Erosion 246 resistance 306 246 Eta phase 172 Eta-carbide 175 Ethanol 380 Eutectic 27 liquid 110 temperature 143 281 316 351 Evaluation sintered properties thermodynamic 268 12 Evaporation techniques, variables 325 Exposure aspects, categories 379 levels 380 Extractants 61 Extraction 55 solvent 60 83 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 402 Index terms Links Extraction processes hydro 55 pyrometallurgical 55 Extrusion 101 pressure 103 F Face-oriented deposition 356 Face-specific adsorption 356 Failure load 201 Fatigue 215 behaviour 215 environmental 216 strength 215 Fatigue strength Feed tank 237 306 97 Ferromagnetism 227 Fibrous structure 325 Field-ion atom probes 169 Filler metals 263 264 Film adhesion 321 density 321 morphology 321 Filtration 59 Fines 97 Firing temperature 360 Fisher Sub Sieve Sizer (FSSS) 271 method 64 Flow rate 314 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 403 Index terms Links Flow stress microstructural parameters 217 tension 216 Flow zone, material 302 Foil 265 thickness Foreign body theory Foreign elements 306 228 70 Forming dies 306 Fractographic method 201 Fracture 238 behaviour 167 initiation 176 interfacial 217 load 201 mechanics 215 modes 217 process 218 propagation 218 toughness 208 218 249 211 239 273 274 279 Fracturing 93 Fragment size 244 Fragmentation 238 Free carbon content 272 Free carbon test 272 Free cutting additives 303 Free energy 18 Free graphite 75 Friability 373 Friction, coefficient of 239 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 245 404 Index terms Links Furnace atmosphere 106 batch 106 batch type 112 continuous 111 continuous-stoking 106 hydrogen atmosphere 115 induction 113 77 inert-atmosphere 106 mechanical pusher type 112 reducing-atmosphere 106 semi-continuous stoking 106 sinter/HIP 127 type 111 vacuum 107 vacuum sintering 112 122 G Gamma phase homogeneous 153 153 Gangue 57 Gap, miscibility 22 Gas analysis 274 Gas disperser 97 Gas flow rate 106 314 Gas phase precipitation 317 reactions 314 Gas sparging 83 Gaseous reactant products 314 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 405 Index terms Geometrical local growth Grade Links 356 5 detailed 347 moderately alloyed 292 nano crystalline symbols 4 289 Grain agglomeration 186 boundaries 169 boundary migration 186 boundary sliding 214 growth inhibition 182 refinement 180 shape 147 shape accommodation 145 size 10 68 75 77 78 147 158 177 202 203 227 235 285 299 241 355 changes 93 control 81 distribution 148 limiting 92 reduction 92 structure 285 Grain growth 179 inhibition 180 inhibitor 206 modes 179 rate 228 79 response Grain pull-out 178 245 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 406 Index terms Links Grain size terms 345 Granular sphericity 98 Granulated powders 95 Granulating liquid 96 process, modified 96 table 96 Granulation method, binder less Graphite 95 96 98 281 crucibles 373 flakes 301 Gray cast iron cutting Green compaction Green compacts 301 100 98 Green consolidation 101 process variables 103 Green density 94 98 Grinding rate 93 sludges tank 369 93 Gross plastic deformation 238 Growth kinetics 178 Growth mechanism 178 316 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 99 407 Index terms Links H Hall-Petch effect 198 Hard metal classification of 288 corrosion resistant 157 dies 306 strength 333 Hard nitriding layers 329 Hard phase 122 chemical composition Hard scraps 166 369 Hardmetal compositions corrosion resistant 124 48 disease 378 grade H 347 micrograin 349 submicron properties 349 ultrafine 355 Hardness 357 194 230 276 299 328 340 345 351 353 362 logarithm 196 related to wear 238 sensitivities 230 values 195 variation in 195 Health hazards 94 Heat treatment 175 Heating element 112 Hertzian elastic fracture mechanism 246 Heterogeneous phase distribution 352 245 252 316 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 408 Index terms Links Hexagonal cobalt 10 Hexagonal ordered structure 12 Hexane 380 Heyn grains, size 180 HfC/NbC substitution 206 High binder fractions 187 High cobalt hardmetals 124 High heat zone 111 High pressure pumps 307 High temperature process 375 Highly alloyed carbide grade 292 HIP 122 costs 127 process, disadvantages 124 HIPped carbides defects 123 History 1 Homogeneity 8 124 25 27 347 365 range Homogenization Hot filament method 37 4 Hot hardness 201 Hot hardness studies 196 Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) 122 Hot strength 207 Hydraulic presses 101 Hydrazines 318 306 353 Hydrochloric acid decomposition with Hydrogen flow rate 56 70 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 409 Index terms Links I Immiscible phases 83 Impact fracture 243 ionisation 322 micro-spalling 244 spalling 244 stress 244 Impurities 120 148 166 180 level 269 Impurity 60 behaviour 79 elements concentration 79 level 62 segregation 120 Incipient melting 122 Inclusions 314 Indent adhesion 334 Indentation fracture toughness 279 Indexable inserts 318 Induction heating 154 Industry standards 289 Infiltrant 152 Inhibition 356 Inhibitor 241 Inhomogeneities 176 Insert life 3 Intercepts 183 Interface 316 temperature 241 348 295 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 176 410 Index terms Links Interfacial energy 178 Interfacial energy anisotropy 348 Intermetallic 175 phase 47 Internal stress 227 gradients 316 Intersolubility 166 Invariant points 149 Investigation 36 experimental 34 Ion implantation 325 effects 325 Ion plating 321 Iron-nickel bonded 208 ISO classification 292 ISO standards 289 Isoparaffins 104 Isothermal section Isotropic substances 228 22 26 146 J Jeffries method 180 K Kneading machine 102 L Lamellar structures 373 Lamp black 75 Lattice 12 distortion 108 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 40 411 Index terms Links Lattice (Continued) hexagonal 8 parameter 12 period 9 periods 17 strain 234 109 Lattice coincidence 170 Lattice fringe, imaging 169 Layers, monoatomic 79 Leaching 56 aqueous caustic 58 caustic 58 Leaching step 375 Light optical micrographs (LOM) 177 Lineal analysis 180 Linear fracture mechanics 239 Linear fracture mechanics theory 206 Linear intercepts 180 Linear relationship 229 Liquid phase network 118 Liquid viscosity 117 Liquid wetting 140 Liquidus projection temperature 34 117 Load 243 Load relaxation test 214 Loading 280 Local deformation 246 Local grain growth, modes of 356 Local growth 356 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 412 Index terms Links Long term storage 110 Low binder fraction 187 Low index atomic planes 170 M Machinability 301 Machine cleaning 380 Machining conditions 301 exposure levels 380 problems 294 problems, solutions 297 Macropores 176 Magnetic field sensors 280 Magnetic miscibility gap 29 Magnetic properties 280 Magnetic saturation 228 binder 231 233 234 Magnetizing yoke 280 Magnetostrictive saturation 228 Manganese 151 Martensitic 11 Martensitic stainless steels balls 94 Martensitic transformation 172 Mass balance 313 Mass spectroscopic analysis 139 Mass spectroscopy 274 Matrix, phases 195 Mean binder free path 187 Mean carbide grain size 195 Mean free path 246 238 353 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 413 Index terms Links Mean grain size 353 Measuring coil 280 361 Mechanical behaviour 219 failure 237 properties 349 seal 216 Melt flow 144 Met glass brazing filler alloys 264 Metal binder 55 243 72 Metal machining 364 Metal removal 301 304 301 309 rate Metallographic methods sample preparation 26 284 Metastabilities 25 Metastable cubic phase 10 Meyer's law Micro grain cemented carbides 195 65 Microchemical changes 326 Microchip 245 Microcrack formation 250 Microhardness 334 Micropores 176 Microporosity 103 Microspalling 243 Microstructural changes 326 Microstructural defects 357 Microstructural features 9 257 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 414 Index terms Links Microstructure 166 parameters 181 Mill speed Milling cutters 288 intensity 109 media 379 solvents 95 wet 91 Mining 243 Mining bits 305 Misorientation angles 146 Mixed crystal Mixing near surface material Mo/W ratio 195 171 229 91 166 Mixed carbides 177 85 153 273 75 130 323 168 Model multi-sub lattice 48 thermodynamic 26 Moderate temperature chemical vapour deposition Modifications 317 12 Modulus of elasticity 349 Molecular mixing 359 Molybdenum removal Monocarbides, isotypic metallic 46 151 57 58 157 19 Morphology 173 Mother liquor 62 Moulding 130 Moulding sand 302 198 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 415 Index terms Links Multicarbide composites 198 Multilayer coatings 337 Multiple coating 330 N Nanocomposites 360 Nanophase cemented carbides 362 Nanosize 346 Nanosize alloy 359 Nickel 303 Alloys 151 Nickel base, alloys 303 Nickel binder phase 198 Nickel binders 254 Niobium carbide 274 Nitrate process 375 Nitriding 329 process parameters 329 Nitriles 318 Nitrogen 206 Nose deformation 295 Notch root radius 210 Notched strength 202 Nucleation 68 event 69 heterogeneous 73 homogeneous 73 modes rate 316 323 69 Nucleator 317 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 416 Index terms Links O Off stochiometric grains 148 Oil quenching 204 Operation cycle 113 Optical microscopy 166 Orthorhomic modification 12 Oxidation 93 behaviour 257 resistance 260 Oxide particles Oxygen-acetylene flame, structure 176 257 375 328 64 339 P Packing 143 Palmqvist method 210 Paraffins 104 Paris law relation 215 Partial pressure 314 Particle size 81 control 375 determination 347 median 94 reduction 94 test 153 211 272 Passive range 257 Percussive drilling 306 Peritectic decomposition 120 173 Peritectic reaction 13 34 Peritectic temperature 16 Permeability 271 Petroleum hydrocarbons 380 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 417 Index terms Links Phase behaviour solid state 23 boundary 29 160 188 12 13 21 39 45 175 equilibria 17 24 33 39 Laves 47 relations 24 ternary 37 ternary carbide 36 transformation 23 carbide chi 9 48 composition diagram Phenomenological model 154 40 Physical vapour deposition (PVD) 311 Pilling-Bedworth ratios 258 PIM process 132 steps 130 variables 132 Piston extrusion machine 102 Planetory mixer 102 Plasma activated chemical vapor deposition (CVD) 318 Plasma energy 84 Plasma processes, advantages 84 Plasma state Plastic deformation 24 319 339 318 198 216 219 237 238 246 302 330 Plastic extrusion 245 Plastic limit analysis 195 Plastic strain 218 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 418 Index terms Links Plastically deformed zone 210 Plasticity 193 Plasticizer 101 material 103 removal 103 removal rate 103 212 Plastisol density 133 Polar waxes 132 Polarization graphs 255 Polycrystalline particles 93 Polycrystallinity 167 Polyol cobalt 110 process Porcelain ball mills Pore 73 91 166 elimination 141 filling 147 formation 176 Porosity 176 120 127 139 148 151 275 281 284 317 evaluation 285 level 110 levels 281 residual 176 residual sintered 117 352 Powder bulk density 69 characteristics 65 height 69 269 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 419 Index terms Links Powder (Continued) layer height 69 manufacture 359 processing 206 quality 97 recycled 211 selection 130 virgin 211 Powder injecting moulding (PIM) 130 Power consumption 301 supply 280 Precipitate 175 intergranular particles 231 irregular 352 Precipitating conditions 61 reagents 61 Precipitation 60 235 hardening 175 205 Precracking 209 Precursor powder 359 Preheat zone 111 Presintering 107 temperature and time 229 109 Presses double acting 100 mechanical 101 single acting 100 Pressing, isostatic 101 Pressure nozzle 97 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 420 Index terms Pressure swing granulation (PSG) Links 98 Pressure system 116 Pressure temperature range 318 Pressure welds 296 Primary classifier 371 Prime reducing agent 119 Prismatic crystals 153 Prismatic particles 146 Prismatic plane 167 Process limitations 373 parameters 69 recovery 375 temperature 311 Processing Improper 124 parameters 161 technology 166 Production sintered part 89 technologies 310 Propagation, behaviour 215 Properties thermodynamic 16 Properties, physical 310 29 Pseudobinary eutectic 27 phase diagram 29 Pseudohexagonal structure 12 Pseudomorph 65 Pseudomorphic particles 64 75 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 37 421 Index terms Pump down cycle Links 113 Purity 10 Pyrolysis 73 Q Quasi-diffusion zone Quaternary data Quench experiment Quench-interrupted growth 323 40 250 27 Quenched alloys 175 Quenching 204 R Rare earth (RE) 172 Rate cooling 120 heating 118 Raw materials features 379 testing 268 Reaction eutectic pseudobinary product solid solution zone 110 27 314 85 106 Reactive evaporation 323 Reactive ion plating 321 system 321 Reactivity 82 Reactor 313 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 422 Index terms Reagent, sulphide Links 57 Rearrangement 141 Recarburized 173 Reclamation 5 chemical processes of 375 processes 370 Recrystallization 78 Recrystallized grain structure 325 Red hardness 201 Reducing carrier gas 314 Reduction 63 369 81 173 196 68 82 378 145 355 parameters 65 route 69 temperature 68 69 84 85 Refractory carbide phases solubility of 55 144 Remanence ratios 235 Reorientation 127 Repeated recycling 378 Reprecipitation 120 144 abrasion 239 306 chipping 329 corrosion 255 diffusion wear 242 flank wear 330 thermal shock 249 thermal shock, evaluation 250 thermal stress 250 Resistance Rheological properties 250 131 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 423 Index terms Roasting Links 56 Rock drilling inserts 124 Rockwell A hardness 277 Rockwell hardness 98 Rotary kiln 82 Roughness 276 Rubber lined mills Russian coding system 276 91 289 S Saturation degree of 154 magnetization 232 Scanning electron microscopes (SEM) 177 Scrap bloating 372 composition 371 flow sheet preparation 371 preparation 371 Screw extrusion machines Scrubber-condenser 102 97 Section isothermal 23 vertical 36 Segregation 166 Selection variables 294 Selective decantation 34 83 Service life 309 Shape accommodation 146 Shape distortion 115 Shaping operations 107 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 38 424 Index terms Links Shock 289 Short-Rod Fracture Toughness 279 test 211 Shrinkage 110 131 139 141 154 155 158 138 150 porosity 147 Silver solders 262 Simulated abrasion 246 Single end notched beam (SENB) 210 Sinter/HIP 124 cycles 127 process 127 Sinterability 151 Sintered density 151 161 Sintered porosity Sintering 159 161 9 107 130 166 178 227 148 361 atmosphere 114 changes 110 hydrogen 116 disadvantages 115 investigations 353 isothermal 186 liquid phase 139 second stage 144 liquid phase criteria 140 solid state 108 139 365 temperature 117 118 150 154 176 354 117 184 time This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 153 425 Index terms Links Sintering (Continued) vacuum 117 153 157 160 40 140 356 Size distribution 147 Skeleton structure 183 Sliding 326 Slurry 96 Smelting, plasma metallurgical 84 Sodium hypochlorite process 375 Soft scraps 369 Solid solubility 15 Solid solution hardening 304 Solid solution strengthening 351 Solid state heating 139 Solidification 147 porosity 13 Solidus range 173 19 22 143 351 carbon 14 limit 13 maximum 12 temperature dependent 19 Solution continuous solid 144 17 hardening 229 precipitation 154 Solution-reprecipitation 151 Solution/reprecipitation 140 process 246 120 temperature Solubility 48 179 179 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 426 Index terms Solvent extraction process Sorting Links 378 60 371 device 371 operation 371 Spall 111 Spectrographic analysis 274 Speed, optimized 91 Spheroidal graphite (SG) irons 302 Spray conversion 359 Spray drying 91 drawbacks 98 labour costs 97 preferences 97 Sputter cleaning 319 Sputtering 319 magnetron 339 reactive 319 Stability field 29 Stacking fault 170 energy 96 323 171 216 171 Stage rearrangement 141 solution-rearrangement 144 Stainless steel 151 Stainless steel mills 91 Static resource life 369 Steel carburizing 327 Steel cutting grades 299 STEM microanalytical investigation 326 Stoichiometric 233 300 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 427 Index terms Stoichiometric carbon content Stoichiometric composition Links 203 272 17 24 Stoichiometry carbon 154 region 149 Straight tungsten carbide grades 292 Strain harden 296 Strength 202 elevated temperature 206 residual 252 rupture 306 shear 201 Stress amplifier 250 concentrations 201 critical, intensity factor 209 film 321 frictional 239 radial compressive 250 residual 217 residual tensile 337 shear 132 tangential 250 tensile 201 tensile hoop 250 tensile residual state 333 thermal 262 yield 217 Stripping 62 Structural components Structural data 334 238 304 333 307 12 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 428 Index terms Structural order Links 323 Study electron diffraction 7 exploratory 110 interdiffusion 264 thermodynamic Submicron grade cemented carbides range 23 28 345 353 70 Substrate composition 340 temperature 320 Sulphur content 75 270 Surface cohesiveness 98 composition 323 diffusion 138 energy 141 finish 98 mobility 323 morphology 323 quality 309 roughness 340 Surface free energy Susceptor Synthesis method 148 142 77 340 Systems binary 11 component 45 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 429 Index terms Links T Tangential tensile surface stresses 250 Tantalum carbide 274 Target 319 Technical reduction 65 tungsten 69 Temperature 173 allotropic transformation 11 carburizing 82 curve 184 212 314 196 distribution 45 eutectic 27 Temperature-pressure ranges 311 Tempering 204 Tensile strength 201 Ternary 230 11 austenite 36 miscibility gap 23 phase diagram 7 Ternary phase, diagram 149 Testing apparatus 278 Testing specimens 210 Textured cemented carbides 167 Thermal conductivity 310 damage 210 decomposition degradation 340 64 133 360 33 217 expansion, coefficient 316 340 fatigue 216 249 expansion 366 250 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 310 430 Index terms Links Thermal (Continued) shock, test 249 stability 132 Thermal diffusion (TD) 311 Thermo-elasticity 249 Thermochemistry 79 Thermodynamic analysis 13 data 29 evaluation 38 properties 12 Thermoplastic binder system 132 Thin foil electron microscopy 166 Threshold Limit Values (TLV) 378 TiC coated WC-Co, layers 317 TiC precoat 317 Time dependence 17 92 Time Weighted Average (TWA) 378 TiN coated carbides, properties 333 Titanium alloys 304 carbonitride 318 content 273 cubic carbonitride of 159 test 273 Tool bit wear 306 carbide 303 coated 330 investigations edge 334 296 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 29 431 Index terms Links Tool (Continued) electronic 364 forces 301 hard metal 306 life 5 metal forming multicarbide cutting service life 363 turning 288 Tool wear 254 Tool-change intervals 309 Torque 144 Total carbon test 272 Toughness 371 Toxicity 378 joining stage 380 machining stage 380 powder preparation stage 379 pressing stage 380 sintering stage 380 Trace impurities 294 301 273 274 3 299 effects 299 306 performance Trace elements 294 79 120 121 70 Transformation allotropic temperature 10 rates 68 temperature 204 Transgranular/intergranular fracture 218 Transition 213 steps 65 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 304 432 Index terms Transport rate Transverse rupture strength Links 314 98 122 158 196 201 277 316 329 337 345 357 effect of annealing treatment 205 effect of grain growth inhibitor 206 effect of mixed carbides 206 heat treatment effects 204 in relation to carbon content 203 Tricobalt tetraoxide 258 TRS testing unit 278 TRS values effect of cubic carbides 207 Tube drawing mandrels 306 Tungsten 207 dissolution 254 equilibrium 154 filaments mass transfer metal 229 1 77 271 metal powder 75 production 72 reduction 71 Tungsten blue oxide (TBO) 64 Tungsten carbide 77 physical characteristics 272 272 Tungsten carbide powders characteristics 80 Tungsten monocarbide 55 Tungsten oxide 65 77 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 433 Index terms Links Tungsten powder 65 carburization 79 processing 63 Tungsten solubility Tungstic oxide, characteristics 71 175 64 Twist grain boundaries 169 Two phase cemented carbide 208 Two-phase alloy system 213 U U. S. coding system 289 Ultrafine 346 Ultrahard coatings 339 advantages Ultrasonic cleaner 341 313 V Vacuum filtration 91 heating cycle 106 ion plating 321 planetory mixer residual Vaporization rates 91 314 257 Variability material 202 test 202 Vertical section 45 Vibratory milling 91 Vickers diamond pyramid indentation test (HV) 276 Vickers hardness 277 351 359 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 434 Index terms Links Viscosity 131 Void formation 219 Volatile carrier compound 311 Volatility kinetics 132 Volatilization 105 Volume fraction binder phase (VCo) 187 W Washing 60 Wax condensation 106 decomposition 105 fully refined 104 removal 104 vaporization 106 WC, manufacture Weak brazing, causes 74 264 Wear abrasion 333 abrasive 237 238 245 294 297 316 301 factors 279 245 appearances 295 applications 305 attrition 238 241 behaviour 333 366 crater 238 242 diffusion 238 241 296 303 304 330 flank 238 296 304 grooving 334 impact 245 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 299 337 435 Index terms Links Wear (Continued) life 365 mechanisms 237 finer level 237 macroscopic level 237 microscopic level 237 Wear part applications Wear resistance 306 243 365 375 201 309 326 345 Wear test, reproducibility of 280 Weibull modulus 353 Weibull Parameter 277 Welding 206 Wettability 263 Wetting 115 behaviour 144 experiment 158 Wiredrawing 306 dies 265 151 306 Wood machining 363 Work material galling 254 rate of flow 296 Working pressure 311 X X-ray fluorescence spectrometry 274 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 330 436 Index terms Links Z Zinc process 370 372 Zone cooling 112 preheat 111 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation.