MODALS –HANDOUT 1
EXERCISE 1
Look at the signs and complete the sentences using the words in brackets.
Visiting hours
5.00p.m. -6.00p.m.
1. You ………………………………..……. (can) bring pets to the campsite.
2. You ………………………………..… (must) smoke.
3. You …………………………………………..(must) be quiet after 10 p.m.
4. You ………………………………….. (have to) use headphones.
5. You ………………………………. (allowed to) to eat in the tent.
6. Visitors ……………….. ( allowed) to enter the camp site from 5.00 p.m. to 6.00p.m.
EXERCISE 2
Write down prohibitions and advice given in a lab manual. You may use the lab manuals
given to you by the University.
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EXERCISE 3
Select the most suitable answer.
1. We have a lot of work tomorrow. You ……………..
a.
must be late.
b.
can be late.
c.
mustn’t be late.
d.
could have been late.
2. The museum is free. You ………………………. pay to get in.
a.
must pay
b.
don’t have to pay
c.
didn’t have to pay
d.
can pay
3. We ………………. late for the exam.
a.
can be
b.
should be
c.
mustn’t be
d.
don’t have to be
4. You ………………………. a lot before you gave the speech. It was really good.
a.
could have practiced
b.
must practise
c.
must have practised
d.
practised
5. At my school, students ………………………….. uniforms. We could wear whatever we
wanted.
a. didn't have to wear
b. must not wear
c. didn't have got to wear
d. don't have to wear
EXERCISE 4
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Complete the sentences using modals to show past speculations or deductions to suit the
meaning given within brackets. The first one has been done for you.
1.
I can’t find the disk. I must have left (leave ) it at home.
(= I’m sure, because that is the only explanation.)
2.
Fluctuations in temperature …………………………. influenced the results.
(= This is a likely explanation for the observed results.)
3.
The cleaner ……………………. (unplug) the machine by mistake.
(=This is a probable explanation for the outcome)
4.
He …………………………………..(lie) to the court.
(= It is beyond doubt that he lied to the court.)
5.
The data …………………………………... falsified.
(= There is a small chance that this happened.)
6.
The chemical compound …………………………… (contaminate) during packing.
(= There is some chance that this happened)
EXERCISE 5
Given below are sources of errors and the possible impacts it might have caused on the
results of experiments. Write sentences to explain the experimental errors which may
have affected the results. The first one has been done for you.
1.
Source of error
Possible Impact on the results
The presence of impurities in the sample
introduce errors in the boiling point.
The presence of impurities in the sample may/could have introduced errors in the
boiling point.
2.
The uncontrolled humidity condition in
Cause errors in the observed germination
the lab.
pod.
3.
The effect of air friction
Affect the acceleration rate of the object
4.
Unpredictable noise of the electrical
Affect the accuracy of the results.
equipment
5.
The reaction time in starting and stopping Introduce errors in the readings
the watch.
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