Computers, part of
your life
1
Grade 11
Calculations
Module 4.2
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3
Contents
 Functions
 Interpretation of error
indicators
 Test and improve
 Module activities
4
Functions
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ROUND function
Used to round numbers
to a specified number of decimal places
Number
Example of
function
92.6 =ROUND(A1,0)
Result
Description
Rounds a number to the
93
nearest integer
78.8987 =ROUND(A2,1)
78.9
Rounds a number to 1
decimal place
65.345 =ROUND(A3,2)
65.35
Rounds a number to 2
decimal places
68.5275 =ROUND(A4,3)
Rounds a number to 3
68.528
decimal places
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ROUND function vs.
Increase / Decrease Decimal
ROUND function
• Result is the true
rounded number
Increase /
Decrease Decimal
• Values stored in cells
remain the same
Activity 1
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LARGE and SMALL functions
Function
What the function
does
Example
Determines Nth largest
=LARGE(range, N) number of all values in =LARGE(A2:A30,2)
range
=SMALL(range, N)
Determines Nth
smallest number of all
values in range
=SMALL(B1:B100,3)
Activity 2
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Functions which can count (1)
Function
What the function
counts
Example
=COUNT(range)
Number of cells in a
range which contain
numerical values
=COUNT(A1:A10)
=COUNTA(range)
Number of cells in a
range which contain
any value (text or
numeric), i.e. cells
which are not empty
=COUNTA(C1:C10)
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Functions which can count (2)
Function
What the function
counts
Example
=COUNTBLANK(range)
Number of empty
cells in range
=COUNTBLANK(B2:B12)
=COUNTIF(range,
criterion)
Number of cells in
range that meet a
certain criterion
=COUNTIF(A3:A10,10)
=COUNTIF(C3:C10,
"Pretoria")
=COUNTIF(B2:B10,">=70")
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COUNTIF
example
 Count the number of grade 10 learners –
i.e. the number of times the value in B12 is
found in the range C3:C10
 Note the use of absolute referencing
Activity 3
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SUBTOTAL function
To summarise data quickly
To have
subtotals
for each
Grade
group,
SORT
the
worksheet
by this
column
Subtotals for
any of the
columns can
be inserted
for each
Grade
15
SUBTOTAL function
• Select data
(also column headings)
• Sort data according to group
you want to summarise
• Data tab  Outline group 
Subtotal
Group to summarise
Function to apply
Column/s for subtotals
Activity 4
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Other handy functions
Function
What function does
Example
=RAND()
Returns a random real
number between 0 and 1 =RAND()
(e.g. 0.2342 or 0.985678 )
=RANDBETWEEN
(bottom,top)
Returns a random whole
number between two
specified numbers
Raises a number to a
=POWER(number,
power
power)
(e.g. 52 = 5 x 5 = 25)
=RANDBETWEEN(1,100)
=POWER(5,2)
Activity 5
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Calculate the sum
of certain cells
= SUMIF(range, criterion,
sum_range)
 Range is the range of cells tested to
determine if any cells in it meet the criterion
 Criterion determines which cells are added
– can be a number, text or expression
 Sum_range is the range containing the cells
that are added – if corresponding cells in
the range meet the criterion
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Calculate the sum
of certain cells
= SUMIF(B2:B6, 11, C2:C6)
 Tests range B2:B6
 Criteria: cell must contain value 11
 If the value of the corresponding cell
in column B is 11, it must be added
Result of the SUMIF function in
cell C8 is R45.00
The cells that meet the criteria
are B2, B4 and B5.
The values in corresponding
cells in column C are R20.00
(C2), R10.00 (C4) and R15.00
(C5), which add up to R45.00.
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Entering a SUMIF function is made easy using the
Insert Function command on the Formulas tab
Activity 6
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Interpretation of
error indicators
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Error indicators start with a hash (‘#’)
Error indicator
Likely cause of error
Missing operator, colon or
comma, e.g.
#NULL!
Circular
Reference
=D1 + D2 + D3 D4
=SUM(A1:A10 B1:B10)
=SUM(A1 A10)
When you enter a function /
formula that contains a cell
reference that is the same
as the current cell, e.g.
entering =A1*2 in cell A1
Possible solutions
Ensure that an operator,
colon, or comma is
entered where required
Ensure there is no
reference to the same
cell where the function /
formula has been
entered
Activity 7
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Test and improve
Use summary for your revision
Written module activity
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Practical module activity
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