Creating cross-sections
Saperaud, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Uluru-wikipedia.jpg CC BY-SA
This photograph gives some idea of the height and shape of Uluru. However, a contour map of
Uluru, although flat, would provide accurate details of the height and shape of Uluru. Contour maps
are one way to show height on a flat piece of paper.
Contour maps
A contour line is an imaginary line on the ground that joins all places of the same height above sea
level. Contour patterns provide information about the shape, incline and height of the land.
Contours intervals always increase or
decrease in height using consistent
measurements (e.g. 1 m, 10 m,
100 m).
Spot height – highest point in the area
0
20
40
55
Contours close together = steeper slope
Height above sea level,
usually represented in
metres
Contours further apart = gentler slope
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Testing understanding – Landform X
 Y
 X
a) Indicate which area of the map would have the steepest slope.
b) What is the contour interval – i.e. the height between contour lines?
c) Which spot height is highest (X or Y) and approximately what height is it?
d) Label the intervals for (0, 50, 100) on the B side of the map.
e) Indicate which area of the map would have the gentlest slope.
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Creating cross-sections from contour maps
A cross-section of a map is similar to cutting a 3-D version of the map in half and viewing it from
side on. It allows you to see the slope and unique geographic landforms of the map.
Cross-section from A to B of Landform X
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Follow the instructions and create a cross-section
The line between A and B is the length of the cross-section. You will need a ruler and paper to
complete your cross-section and a scrap piece of paper wide enough to cover the length A–B (to
mark where the contours are).
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Tip: It is best to do all of your plotting in pencil.
1. Measure the distance between A and B.
2. Draw up the frame for your cross-section (A to B) on your paper — vertical and horizontal lines
and scale — making sure you have the exact distance from A to B along the baseline. Note:
The vertical scale will match the contour interval of the map.
3. Using a straight piece of scrap paper, mark the starting (A) and finishing point (B) of the crosssection and the contour value of their position, i.e. 0 metres.
4. Mark all the contours and note their values on the edge of the paper along the cross-section,
being as accurate as possible.
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5. Line up your piece of paper to the A-B markers and use the marks and heights on the paper to
plot each point at its correct height. Note: Accuracy is very important in ensuring the crosssection is correct.
6. Neatly join all the points of the cross-section graph to create an outline of the landscape. (Note:
This can be tricky and requires a steady hand. It is generally okay to round off the peaks at the
top.)
Finally, complete your cross-section by shading in the area beneath the line and adding a title.
Cross-section from A to B of Landform X
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7. Your turn…
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