Ismail Hossen 2022075 1.Caterpillar Caterpillar product reliability was the key factor in their success. Caterpillar made research and development one of their priorities investing hundreds of millions of dollars in new technologies machines and products. Caterpillar also targeted and developed equipment for different industries such as agriculture and infrastructure. Caterpillar always innovating and getting involved in all types of markets in the world. Caterpillar is focused on innovating high tech machinery for the growing world class segment and low end segment to local competitor for that reason caterpillar becoming the industry leader. Caterpillar products are unmatched in strong focus on innovation. The Global Dealer Network which is a specially trained independent CAT dealers who can provide services on a local basis, giving the global company a personal feel. They invested in a factory modernizing program that improved product availability for consumers. For those reasons caterpillar becoming the industry leader in earth moving machinery. 2.Southwest Business model of south west airlines is cost effective and different. southwests business model is based on streaming its operations which results in low fares and satisfied consumers. other company didn’t copy south west because turnaround times cannot be reduced by airlines. Southwest prefers culture over the number. southwest biggest cost saving technique and competitive advantage has long been program to hedge fuel prices by purchasing options year in advances. Southwest has pioneered services and programs such as same day freight service senior discount fun fare and ticketless travel. other company did not copy southwest business model it would require them to retrofit their entire operations employee relation and equipment it could be harmful so other company did not copy the southwests business model. Southwest maintains an organizational culture that gives primary importance to their employees and considers them as their "first customers" and their passengers come as second because they believe that happy employees working as a family or a team who dedicate themselves to work hard and with pride for the company can foster the same spirit of satisfaction to their customers. Other companies can't follow Southwest's aggressive hedging as they are already in debts and others have sought bankruptcy.