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Kelompok 4 - Navigating Emission Reductions through Competition or Collaboration Maersk in Uncharted Waters

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Navigating Emission Reductions
through Competition or Collaboration?
Maersk in Uncharted Waters
Erro Jaya Rosady
42024353001
Cahaya Wirawan Hadi
42024353008
Myo Myo Ei
42014353036
Noerisa Dewi Resianggi
42024353021
Steven Pobuti
42024353013
Excellence with Morality
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In the late 2018, just two years into his tenure as CEO of A.P. Moller
- Maersk, Søren Skou faced a decision that could have a significant
impact on both his career and the success of the company.
Maersk had been approached to join the Getting to Zero Coalition
(GTZC) by Peter Stokes, acting chairman of the Global Maritime
Forum.
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) had already set
greenhouse gas emission reduction goals Maersk would have to
abide by, but the GTZC goal was much more rigorous and would
require quicker and potentially riskier action than reaching the
previously set goals.
Peter Stokes
Chairman Global Maritime Forum
Søren Skou
CEO of A.P. Moller - Maersk
To Become World Class, Innovative &
Self-Morally Religious
Maritime Shipping History
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Malcolm McLean was an American businessman, later known as "The Father of Containerization". He was a transport entrepreneur
who developed the modern intermodal shipping container, which revolutionized transport and international trade in the second half of
the twentieth century.
In the early 1950s, McLean decided to use the containers commercially. By 1952, he was developing plans to carry his company's
trucks on ships along the U.S. Atlantic coast, from North Carolina to New York. It soon became apparent that "trailerships", as they
were called, would be inefficient because of the large waste in potential cargo space on board the vessel, known as broken stowage.
The original concept was modified into loading just the containers, not the chassis, onto the ships, hence the designation container
ship or "box" ship.
2018 World Trade by Volume
Shipping vessel:
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42.8% bulk carriers
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28.7% crude oil tankers
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13.2% container ships
APM-Maersk & Competitors
Maersk, one of the largest shipping companies in the world, described itself as an "integrated
container logistic company." It was represented in over 130 countries, employed over 76,000
people and had over 600 ships in its fleet. Søren Skou was appointed CEO on July 1, 2016.
The Big 4
Ship Fleets
32%
“We may have different ways of getting there, but we all agree
on the key elements and, even more significantly, on the end
goal and the extreme urgency for the IMO to set a valid
legal framework. We need action and we need it now, this
year. We need France and other EU Member States to lead the
efforts not only at regional level, but also at the IMO to ensure
we decarbonise shipping in time. We need this strong signal
in the form of a basket of measures including a GHG price and
an end date to the production of fossil fueled ships.”
Søren Skou
CEO of A.P. Moller - Maersk
Cosco Shipping
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State-owned Chinese carrier with a presence in 85
countries
Founded in 1997 as COSCO Container Lines Co. Ltd.,
Over 300 vessels and ships within China along the
Yangtze River as well as abroad
COSCO was committed to follow environmental laws
and regulations and “emphasizing the importance of
energy conservation and emission reduction.
Environmental Impacts of Maritime Shipping
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Air, waste, water, and noise pollution were all challenges.
The Torrey Canyon disaster of 1967, with a spill of
120,000-tonne oil was the first public crisis that highlighted
the scale of negative environmental impacts from cargo
shipping.
Marine fuel oil, bunker oil, was used in shipping industry.
Carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen
dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter (PM) were released.
In 2012, the shipping industry released approximately 938
million tonnes of CO2, approximately 2.2% of global
anthropogenic CO2 emissions.
Global shipping contributed 13% of SO2 and 15% of NO2
emission annually.
Asthma and bronchitis may become more common as a result
of these pollution.
Acid rain has the potential to disrupt ecosystems by reducing
soil nutrients and lowering water pH.
Bunker Fuel
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Bunker fuel refers to any type of fuel used to power a ship's engines.
Cargo ships typically burned the heavy residual oil left over after gasoline, diesel, and
other lighter hydrocarbons were removed from crude oil during the refining process.
Bunkers are still used to refer to the fuel tanks on modern ships.
In October 2016, the IMO agreed to reduce the sulfur content limit for commercial
marine fuel from 3.5% to 0.5% by 2020.
Failure to do so could lead to fines or even vessel detainments.
New regulations were expected to reduce the demand for heavy fuel oil and increase
the usage of lower-sulfur marine gas oil (MGO) across the industry.
Carbon dioxide was included in greenhouse gas emission reduction goals mediated
by IMO and binding across its 170 member states in 2018.
By 2050, the aims would have lowered carbon emissions in half.
Maritime Shipping Benefits
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industri perkapalan dikaitkan dengan dampak
lingkungan negatif yang signifikan, namun kontribusi
positif industri ini kepada masyarakat cukup besar.
❖ pengiriman memberikan pilihan yang efisien
dan terjangkau untuk mengangkut sejumlah
besar barang ke seluruh dunia
pelayaran juga berperan dalam pengentasan
kemiskinan dengan menyediakan lapangan kerja dan
pendapatan di negara-negara berkembang.
pada tahun 2009, industri ini menyediakan 13,5 juta
pekerjaan langsung atau tidak langsung senilai
$436,6 miliar
Maritime Shipping Governance
The International Maritime Organization (IMO)
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IMO merupakan badan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa yang mengatur
keselamatan dan keamanan pelayaran dan pencegahan
pencemaran laut dan atmosfer oleh kapal
IMO bekerja untuk menciptakan kerangka peraturan global yang
akan digunakan di seluruh industri perkapalan untuk mengatasi
polusi selain keselamatan
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Kerangka kerja tersebut mengatur desain kapal, konstruksi,
peralatan, staf, operasi dan pembuangan
Pada tahun 1973, IMO mengadopsi Konvensi Internasional untuk
Pencegahan Pencemaran dari Kapal (dimodifikasi oleh Protokol
1978) yang mencakup jenis pencemaran berikut: minyak, bahan
kimia, barang dalam bentuk kemasan, limbah, sampah, dan udara
IMO mendukung pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca melalui
strateginya sendiri, yang diadopsi pada tahun 2018.
Maritime Shipping Governance
Regulation
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pada tahun 1980 Amerika Serikat mengeluarkan Undang-Undang untuk Mencegah Polusi dari
Kapal (APPS), yang mengimplementasikan Konvensi Internasional untuk Pencegahan Polusi
dari Kapal, atau dikenal sebagai MARPOL (untuk “pencemaran laut”).
pada tahun 1997 protokol MARPOL menetapkan area pengendalian emisi (ECA) dan
beberapa ahli mengatakan bahwa ECA efektif dalam membatasi emisi dan polusi
pada perspektif global - industri perkapalan diatur secara moderat, dengan persyaratan dan
tolak ukur yang ditetapkan oleh IMO
❖ Proyek-proyek IMO termasuk Konvensi Internasional untuk Keselamatan Jiwa di Laut;
Konvensi Internasional tentang Standar Pelatihan; “Certification and Watchkeeping for
Seafarers,” yang menetapkan persyaratan dasar tentang pelatihan, sertifikasi, dan
pengawasan untuk pelaut; dan “Konvensi Pencegahan Pencemaran Laut (MARPOL
73/78) yang mensyaratkan lambung ganda pada semua kapal tanker
Mitigating Negative Environmental Impacts of Maritime Shipping
Innovation and Developments
Industri perkapalan bergerak menuju perombakan bagaimana kapal didukung, meskipun ada perbedaan pendapat dari beberapa pemilik
kapal atas dampak terhadap operasi mereka, serta kekhawatiran dari pelanggan tentang bagaimana biaya akan dibagi di seluruh rantai
pasokan. Pemain mapan dalam pengiriman, seperti Maersk, sedang mengembangkan teknologi mereka sendiri untuk memastikan
mereka tidak kewalahan oleh perubahan yang meningkat di sekitar mereka
The Getting to Zero Coalition (GTCZ) Initiative
Inisiatif GTZC masih diselenggarakan pada tahun 2018. Tidak secara resmi dibentuk dan tanpa anggota publik, Forum Maritim Global
menyempurnakan tujuannya untuk koalisi dan anggota ideal yang akan diundang untuk bergabung. Meskipun fokusnya adalah pada
perbaikan industri perkapalan, kelompok itu merasa penting juga untuk memiliki anggota koalisi di seluruh industri yang berinteraksi dengan
pengiriman dan dapat menjadi bagian dari solusi keseluruhan
Pre-Competitive Collaboration
Selain inovasi yang digerakkan oleh pasar, industri ini mulai menyelaraskan upayanya melalui kolaborasi pra-kompetitif. Dipopulerkan oleh Jason Clay,
wakil presiden senior dan direktur eksekutif di World Wildlife Fund, dan Paul Polman, mantan CEO Unilever, kolaborasi pra-kompetitif adalah konsep di
mana perusahaan yang bersaing dalam suatu industri berkumpul untuk menemukan solusi untuk masalah bersama
Charting a Course Forward
Søren Skou menimbang jalan potensialnya ke depan. Akankah GTZC, dengan publisitasnya di panggung global, menjadi kisah sukses?
Pengalaman Maersk sejauh ini dengan upaya industri kolaboratif yang terkait dengan tantangan lingkungan telah positif. Akankah tujuan baru dan
lebih ambisius yang ditetapkan oleh IMO mengubah reputasi industri yang meragukan untuk kegiatan polusi besar, atau akankah tujuan mulia
seperti itu runtuh? Dan, apakah secara sukarela berjanji untuk melakukan investasi yang signifikan dalam teknologi baru untuk armada besar
perusahaan yang berharga tanpa hasil yang terbukti dari koalisi? Skou sadar bahwa keputusan ini berisiko tinggi, tetapi berpotensi memiliki
imbalan yang tinggi.
Jika GTZC berhasil, perusahaan akan dikaitkan dengan dampak positif dan dikenal sebagai pelayan lingkungan yang bertanggung jawab. Namun, jika gagal, itu
akan membawa reputasi Maersk turun dengan itu, di panggung global yang sangat publik dan dengan biaya yang cukup besar.
www.UNAIR.ac.id
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