Sections VII Part A – Overhead line
Table of Contents
1‐GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................. 2
2 ‐ GENERAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。
3 ‐ MATERIAL AND INSTALLATION SPECIFICATIONS ................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
4 – WORK & TECHNICAL SCHEDULES ....................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
1‐GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... 4
1.1
PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT .............................................................................................................................4
1.2
BRIEF PROJECT DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................................................4
1.3
SCOPE OF WORKS .........................................................................................................................................5
2
CODES AND STANDARDS ....................................................................................................... 6
3
SUBMITTALS ......................................................................................................................... 7
3.1
WORK CONTROL SCHEDULES .......................................................................................................................8
3.2
PROGRESS REPORT .......................................................................................................................................8
4
DOCUMENTATION................................................................................................................. 9
4.1
DRAWINGS....................................................................................................................................................9
4.1.1 Outline Drawings............................................................................................................................................................ 9
4.1.2 Assembly Drawings ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
4.2
TECHNICAL DATA SCHEDULES ......................................................................................................................9
4.3
LANGUAGE....................................................................................................................................................9
5
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ........................................................................................... 10
5.1
SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................................10
5.2
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND TROPICALIZATION ...........................................................................10
6
GALVANIZATION ................................................................................................................. 11
6.1
GENERAL .....................................................................................................................................................11
6.2
GALVANIZATION LAYERS ............................................................................................................................11
6.3
MINOR DEFECTS .........................................................................................................................................11
6.4
DEFECTS AND MAJOR DAMAGE .................................................................................................................11
7
WELDING (ONLY WHERE PERMITTED) ................................................................................. 12
8
WEIGHTS AND MEASUREMENTS ......................................................................................... 12
9
QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM ........................................................................................ 12
9.1
PROGRAM ...................................................................................................................................................12
9.2
PLANT TESTS ...............................................................................................................................................12
10
INTERPRETATION OF THE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION .......................................................... 13
11
NAMEPLATES ...................................................................................................................... 13
12
PACKING AND MARKING ..................................................................................................... 14
12.1
GENERAL .....................................................................................................................................................14
12.2
INTERIOR PACKING .....................................................................................................................................14
12.3
EXTERIOR PACKING.....................................................................................................................................15
12.4
PACKING OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT .......................................................................................................15
12.5
PACKING OF STRUCTURAL STEEL................................................................................................................16
12.6
PACKING OF SPARES ...................................................................................................................................16
12.7
PROTECTION AGAINST HUMIDITY ..............................................................................................................16
12.7.1
Waterproofing .....................................................................................................................................................16
12.7.2
Dehydrating Agents ..............................................................................................................................................16
12.8
CLOSED CRATES (SEE APPENDIX 4, 5, 6 AND 7) ..........................................................................................17
12.9
OPENWORK CRATES ...................................................................................................................................18
12.10
MATERIALS TO BE TRANSPORTED ON PALLETS ..........................................................................................18
12.11
MATERIALS TO BE TRANSPORTED IN METALLIC DRUMS ...........................................................................18
12.12
REELS FOR CONDUCTORS AND CABLES ......................................................................................................18
12.13
PACKING MATERIALS ..................................................................................................................................18
12.14
MARKING ....................................................................................................................................................19
12.14.1
Marking Models ...................................................................................................................................................19
12.15
PACKING MODELS ......................................................................................................................................20
12.15.1
Appendix 1 ‐Drawings Title Block (sample) ...........................................................................................................21
12.15.2
Appendix 2 ‐Wood Defects ...................................................................................................................................22
12.15.3
Appendix 3 ‐Wood Deformations .........................................................................................................................23
12.15.4
Appendix 4 ‐Closed Crates ....................................................................................................................................24
12.15.5
Appendix 5 ‐Closed Crates ....................................................................................................................................25
12.15.6
Appendix 6 ‐Closed Crates ....................................................................................................................................26
12.15.7
Appendix 7 ‐Closed Crates ....................................................................................................................................27
12.15.8
Appendix 8 ‐Openwork Crates ..............................................................................................................................28
12.15.9
Appendix 9 ‐ Openwork Crates .............................................................................................................................29
12.15.10
Appendix 10 ‐Wooden Pallets ..............................................................................................................................30
12.15.11
Appendix 11 ‐ Packing of Barrels on Pallets ..........................................................................................................31
12.15.12
Appendix 12 ‐Packing in Drums ............................................................................................................................32
12.15.13
Appendix 13 ‐Reels for Cables ..............................................................................................................................33
12.15.14
Appendix 14 ‐ Packing of Steel..............................................................................................................................34
12.15.15
Appendix 15 ‐ Pictograms .....................................................................................................................................35
1
GENERAL
1.1
PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT
The purpose of this document is to define the standard general requirements applicable to all transmission line
equipment and material.
This document shall be used in conjunction with the standard technical specifications, relative to each of the
equipment that will be part of procurement and construction contracts involving supply of equipment.
1.2
BRIEF PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The Employer intends to evacuate power between 220/132/33kV Masaka (West) and 220/132kV Mbarara (South)
substations.
A 400 kV Double Circuit (DC) Transmission Line from Masaka West substation to Mbarara south substation with the
length of line as 132kms is to be constructed including the works related to the proposed line crossing of existing
132kV Masaka‐ Mbarara Transmission line. Regarding this line crossing, two options are possible; the EPC must quote
for both options in the BOQ.
Option 1: OVERHEAD LINE






Cross the existing 132kV line at crossing point between AP134 and AP134A (Option 1 coordinates)
Remove the existing skyrap shield wire (only between towers 405 and 406 of the existing 132kV Masaka‐
Mbarara line) and clamping at both sides
String an appropriate ADSS cable starting from the nearest joint box to the Mbarara North substation
Place the ADSS cable under the phase conductors
Control the loading of the existing 132kV towers to avoid any overloading following the addition of the ADSS
(all accessories are to be included)
Perform all the necessary commissioning tests
Option 2: UNDERGROUND LINE




Cross the existing 132kV line at crossing point between AP134 and AP134A (Option 2 coordinates)
Convert the existing 132kV Masaka‐Mbarara overhead transmission line between towers 405 and 406 to
underground cable at crossing point, including but not limited to

cable tap‐off (according to the tender drawings),

cable termination,

surge arrester,

downlead connection between OHL and cable head,

laying of 1cct of 500 sq.mm underground cable.
Replace towers 405 and 406 of the 132kV line with two special towers (see “Cable tap‐off tower” drawing
provided)
String an appropriate ADSS cable from the nearest joint box to the Mbarara North substation

ADSS cable could be attached to the 400kV

Control the loading of the new 132kV towers (towers 405 and 406) to avoid any overloading following
the addition of the ADSS (all accessories are to be included)

Perform all the necessary commissioning tests
(B) CONSTRUCT A TEMPORARY 132KV OHL TO BYPASS THE LINE CROSSING DURING CONSTRUCTION WORKS
(EMERGENCY RESTORE SYSTEM TOWERS (ALUMINIUM TYPE) TO BE PURCHASED, USED, AND HANDED OVER
TO THE CLIENT AFTER COMPLETION OF THE WORKS).
(C) DISMANTLE AND TRANSPORT TO UETCL STORE THE CURRENT 405 AND 406 TOWERS AND ALL OTHER
NECESSARY EQUIPMENT
(D) SET THE RELAYS FOR THE EXISTING 132KV LINE AT THE TWO SUBSTATIONS.
(E) PERFORM NEW IMPEDANCE CALCULATIONS.
For both options, the Contractor might have to do the profiling of the 132kV line. In case any field work is required,
it is under the responsibility of the Contractor (as part of contract costs).
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The EPC will determine the location of the dead‐end towers for Line In‐Line Out (LILO) into the proposed 400/220kV
Masaka and Mbarara substations. The details of the substation land, layout and coordinates shall be provided by
UETCL to EPC
1.3
SCOPE OF WORKS
The scope of the 400kV Transmission Line shall comprise of all engineering, detailed design, manufacture, factory
testing, delivery to site, earthworks, civil works, erection, testing, commissioning, maintenance prior to take over,
supply and delivery of spare parts, relevant trainings and defects notification and correction for the transmission line
and substation extensions. Regarding the scope of works of the transmission line, services will include but not be
limited to:

Construction of a 132km, 400kV Double Circuit Steel Lattice Tower Transmission line from 220/132kV
Masaka West Substation to 220/132kV Mbarara South Substation

Construction and installation of all required infrastructure and equipment around the transmission line, in
particular the installation of Concrete Markstones to demarcate the extents of the transmission line
wayleaves corridor and the construction of a motorable access road under the transmission line and shall
be handed over at commissioning. These access roads shall be continuous along the line and shall be
suitable for the vehicles which will be used (cars, forklifts, trucks/trailers etc.) to reach up to the point of
unloading of the equipment.
In addition, all consultation and coordination of respective engineering, technical data and activities being
implemented with respect to the 400kV Double Circuit Masaka Mbarara Transmission line and associated
substations project are under the responsibility of the Contractor.
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2
CODES AND STANDARDS
The last edition of the reference Codes and Standards shall be applied, unless something to the contrary is noted, in
connection with the General Technical Requirements.
ANSI/AWS D1.1
American Welding Society. The structural welding code
ASTM A90
Test method for weight of coating on Zinc‐coated (galvanized) iron or steel articles.
ASTM A123
Zinc (hot‐dip galvanized) coating on iron and steel products.
ASTM A143
Recommended practice for safeguarding against embrittlement of hot‐dip galvanized
structural steel and procedure for detecting embrittlement.
ASTM A153
Specifications for Zinc coated (hot‐dip) on iron and steel hardware.
ASTM B201
Standard practice testing chromate coating on Zinc and Cadmium surfaces.
ASTM D522
Standard Test Method for mandrel bend test of attached organic coating.
ASTM D523
Standard test method for specula gloss.
ASTM D870
Standard Practice for testing water resistance of coating using water immersion
ASTM D2247
Standard Practice for testing water resistance of coating in 100 % relative humidity.
ASTM D2794
Standard Test Method for resistance of organic coating to the effects of rapid
deformation (Impact).
ASTM D3359.
Standard Test Method for measuring adhesion by tape test
ASTM D3363
Standard Test method for film hardness by pencil test
IEC 60068‐3‐3.
Environmental Testing – Part 3: Guidance seismic test methods for equipment.
ISO 9001
Quality Systems – Model for quality assurance in design, development, production,
installation and servicing.
British Standards specifications (BS) and International Electro‐technical Commission (IEC) publications equivalent to
above mentioned specifications shall also apply. If the Contractor wants to use any other standards then the
comparison has to be provided to the above international standards. In case the standards are not in English, subject
to the Employer approval only, necessary translation of relevant standards shall be provided and the translation shall
be stamped by the standards organisation in the country of origin and by the Chamber of commerce.
Page 6 sur 36
3
SUBMITTALS
The Contractor shall provide as a minimum the following technical information, in the English language, at the time of
submitting his proposal:
a)
General outline drawings for towers and foundations.
b)
The tower weights for each type of tower and foundation details (excavation, lean concrete, concrete and
reinforcing) for each type of foundation.
c)
Estimated work control schedules
d)
Completed technical data schedules
e)
Type test reports
f)
Quality assurance program
g)
Complete set of catalogues
The successful Contractor is responsible for any discrepancies, errors or omissions in the submittals, whether these have
been reviewed by the Employer’s Engineer or not, provided that such discrepancies, errors and omissions are not due to
inaccurate information or particulars furnished in writing by the Employer / Employer’s Engineer to the Contractor.
During the contract’s implementation period, the successful Contractor shall provide the following additional
information.
1/ For Approval
Before Manufacture
a) Manufacturers’ Technical Data Sheets for all major plants and equipment
b) All detailed design documents including calculations, structural drawings and other
construction drawings
c) Program for Production/manufacture and Testing including Quality Assurance Plan
Before Delivery of major equipment
a)
b)
c)
d)
Guaranteed rated values and characteristics of the major plants.
Detailed physical and electrical drawings
Detailed erection, operation and maintenance instructions.
Summary of routine tests with copies of the test reports for the major plants including
the FAT reports if applicable
Before Construction/ Installation
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Construction Schedule
Detailed geotechnical tests and reports
All detailed design calculations and drawings where appropriate
Line Profile design and drawings
Substation electrical designs (one line diagram, and three line diagram, general
arrangement and section details, lightning protection and grounding design, protection
and control designs, Battery & Battery Charger capacity design, etc.)
f) substation embankment design
g) Equipment Foundations and Steel Structure design
h) Distribution Network design drawings
i) Environmental, Social, Health and Safety Management Plan
j) Change proposals and associated documentation
Before Commissioning and hand over
a) Pre-commissioning test results
b) Commissioning procedures and check list;
c) As built drawings and documentations (Operations and Maintenance Manuals)
Page 7 sur 36
B/ For Review
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
Work program and time schedule
Design documents
Calculations and drawings
Progress reports
As built drawings
Supervision formats
Commissioning procedures
Completion reports
All milestone hold points as shall be detailed in the QA programme.
The Employer's representative retains the right to request any additional relevant document
during the contract's implementation.
3.1
work control schedules
The Contractor must submit within fifteen (15) days following award of Contract a detailed Control Schedule of Work in
Microsoft Project format. This schedule shall be updated weekly and submitted to the Employer’s Engineer. The Delivery
Schedule shall be consistent with the Employer requirements and shall form part of the Control Schedules. The
Contractor shall carry out the Work accordingly.
The Work Control Schedules shall indicate for each section and sub section of the Work as given in the Schedule of Prices
the commencement and completion dates for the principal activities of the Works including:
(a) Design
(b) Submittal of drawings for review
(c) Receipt of final drawings
(d) Placement of purchase orders
(e) Fabrication or manufacture
(f) Factory testing
(g) Shipment
(h) Receipt of material
(i) Instruction manuals
Tentative General Time Schedule of works – Overhead line part
OHL
Activities
Engineering & Design
Number of months from Start date (S)*
S+1 S+2 S+3 S+4 S+5 S+6 S+7
S+8
S+9 S+10 S+11 S+12 S+13 S+14 S+15 S+16 S+17 S+18
Manufacturing & Transport
Installation
Testing & Commissioning
* Start date = signature of contract
3.2
progress report
The Contractor shall submit monthly progress report indicating progress made the preceding period. The report shall
show cumulative progress towards schedule completion, expressed as a percentage of all items shown in the Work
Control Schedules.
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4
DOCUMENTATION
4.1
drawings
The Contractor must prepare and submit for the review of the Employer’s Engineer, the drawings indicated in this
document. The drawings must be A1 format (841 x 594 mm), A3 (420 x 297 mm) or A4 (297 x 210 mm) format and
include in the lower right‐hand corner, a title block as indicated in Appendix 1, Drawings Title Block.
The Contractor must submit, no later than six (6) weeks after award of contract, one (1) AutoCAD 14 computer file on a
USB flash drive and by E‐mail, plus four (4) paper copies of each of the drawings to the Employer’s Engineer. The copies
marked by the Employer’s Engineer will be returned to the Contractor, at the latest, 28 days after presentation of these
drawings. The corrected drawings will be submitted once more, following the same procedure, if necessary.
An updated AutoCAD computer file, plus six (6) paper copies of the final version of the drawings, must be submitted by
the Contractor, at the latest one (1) month before delivery of the purchased equipment.
4.1.1
Outline Drawings
Drawings to scale including dimensions, weight, center of gravity for transportation and installation, in the plan view and
elevation.
Design briefs and detailed drawings for the metallic structures and supports.
Nameplates, to scale, must contain the values resulting from the plant tests, serial number, weight mass, etc.
It must be indicated, for each different piece of material, connector, isolator, support, etc., the catalogue reference as
well as the place where the characteristics are located by showing the code that was used.
4.1.2
Assembly Drawings
A complete bill of materials related to the drawings is an essential requirement for its review.
4.2
technical data schedules
The Contractor must fill out completely and attach to his proposal the Technical Data Schedules included in the
technical specification of the equipment. The data shall include the values guaranteed by the Manufacturer. The
Technical Data Schedules shall be duly stamped and signed by the Manufacturer.
The Contractor shall guarantee that the equipment and the work are in accordance with all the requirements of the
present specification including data from Technical Data Schedules.
4.3
language
All technical documents (such as: calculation schedules, curves, maintenance and service manuals, quality assurance
control program report, plant tests and manufacturing schedule) presented by the Contractor to the Employer’s Engineer
and Employer, shall be in English language. The drawings, nameplates and instruction manuals shall be in English.
Page 9 sur 36
5
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
5.1
seismic requirements
Please refer to IEC 60721‐ Classification of environmental conditions .The Contractor shall bear in mind that the
transmission line may be situated in a seismic zone, consequently, the equipment shall be designed so as to withstand,
without damage or interruption, seismic movements of up to:
‐
Horizontal acceleration:
Please refer to the table below.
A study report including computer simulation (modal analysis) of complex construction or a vibration table test report
regarding the verification of the withstand ability of the support structure and equipment shall be submitted for
review upon written request by the Employer’s Engineer.
5.2
environmentAL conditions and tropicalization
The equipment shall function without exceeding the guaranteed values in the following ambient conditions:
Environment Conditions
Unit
Value
Maximum ambient temperature
°C
45
Minimum ambient temperature
°C
5
Mean maximum daily temperature
°C
30
Annual average temperature
°C
30
W/m2
1200
Maximum solar radiation (worst case)
Isokeraunic level (max)
Design altitude above sea level ( considering the highest in the project area)
180
m
1450
Relative humidity, average
% rel.
80
Average rainfall annually (using the highest in project area)
mm/a
2100
m/s
31
Design Wind Speed
Environment EMC Class (IEC 61000)
Industrial
Seismicity (Peak Ground Acceleration)
Maximum Temperature rise of Conductors above ambient (45°C)
Environment (mountain, forest etc.)
0.15g
°C
+35
Tropical
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6
GALVANIZATION
6.1
general
All the small pieces such as: washers, bolts, screws, nuts, counter‐nuts (if they are not made of stainless) and steel
supports shall be hot‐dip galvanized.
6.2
galvanization layers
The material including: bolts, nuts and counter‐nuts, unless otherwise indicated, shall be corrected and galvanized, once
the manufacturing work is completed, in accordance with ASTM Standards (A90, 123, 143, 153).
All the steel presenting defective galvanization or important imperfections shall be galvanized once more. In case of
major defects or damages, repair shall be permitted neither at the plant nor at the site. Repair procedures such as
metallic outpouring, welding or similar methods shall not be permitted either. All steel rejected because of defects or
major damages on the galvanized surface, must be treated with acid, corrected and properly prepared for hot dip re‐
galvanization.
The zinc coating must be clean, smooth, of even thickness, with no defects and firmly adhered to the metallic surface.
The Contractor must replace the galvanized piece which is imperfect or presents important defect. All the holes in the
galvanized pieces must be free from knots and/or zinc concentration.
6.3
minor defects
The defects of lesser importance in well located places may be considered as minor if the bare metal is not exposed in
these places. The surface must not present any trace of rust or lack of adherence of the original coating.
Repair on the previously mentioned minor defects shall be permitted using touch‐ups performed with special paint
according to a method proposed by the Contractor which must be accepted by the Employer’s Engineer.
6.4
defects and major damage
These defects include non‐adherence of zinc on the steel, galvanization excessive thickness variations, thick zinc deposits,
excessive roughness or any other defect showing that the galvanizing was not applied according to applicable standard.
Such defects, caused by defective application of acid dip, presence of grease, lamination, inadequate draining and
handling of the vertically immersed steel or any other factors that result in a defective galvanization, shall constitute
cause for rejection.
Also, the thinning of the zinc coating to the extent of exposing the bare metal shall be considered a major defect.
Consequent damage caused by abrasion during shop handling when loading and unloading will be cause for rejection.
Page 11 sur 36
7
WELDING (ONLY WHERE PERMITTED)
This clause describes the welding procedure to be used, generally, for steel structures. This clause is complementary
to the technical prescriptions of this document.
For the steel structures, the welding must be performed in compliance with the last edition of AWS D1.1.
All manual welding must be carried out using the protected metal arc welding procedure and automatic welding using
the submerged or protected metal arc welding procedure.
All important welding that, according to the Employer’s Engineer, may be subject to excessive efforts or do not seem
to comply with the standards, may be x‐rayed at his request.
8
WEIGHTS AND MEASUREMENTS
The metric system SI of units for weighing and measuring must be used for the design. All pieces of hardware and steel
angles shall be in accordance with the ASTM standards.
The Contractor may propose as an alternative an equivalent metric standard for hardware and steel angle but subject to
approval of Employer’s Engineer.
All dimensions and weights indicated in these documents, drawings, manufacturer plates, etc., shall be expressed in SI
metric units.
9
QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM
9.1
program
In general terms, the manufacturing quality assurance program must be in compliance with ISO 9000 standards. The
Employer’s Engineer reserves the right to verify the document pertaining to the manufacturer’s quality assurance
program, as well as the application of the same in the manufacturing plant.
In general the assembly of all the equipment components shall be carried out in the manufacturer's workshops so that
it shall possible to perform inspections, tests, etc. that will ensure a subsequent satisfactory operation. The exceptions
to this rule will only be possible upon Employer’s Engineer consent.
The Employer’s Engineer shall have the right of access to the plant and to inspect and verify the quality of materials used
in the manufacturing process.
9.2
plant tests
The materials and all the equipment shall be tested as per the prescriptions of this specification. The tests shall be
performed by the Contractor and certified by the Employer’s Engineer.
All the required tests must be performed in order to confirm that the materials and the equipment comply with these
specifications, and to allow the Purchaser to detect any material or manufacturing defects.
The results of all the tests shall be marked down in the reports containing all the necessary information to enable
verification of compliance with the present specification.
The test certificates shall be written in English and shall show the results and real conditions of the tests performed the
circuits, oscillogrammes, environmental conditions, nameplate drawings with measured values, graphs, etc.
No later than two (2) weeks after having performed the tests, the Supplier shall submit to the Employer’s Engineer, four
(4) copies of the report of all tests. The report must include the test results of all the equipment accessories.
The report must also include a description of any failure that occurred while performing the plant tests, even if the test
resumed after the failure.
Page 12 sur 36
The tests are meant to verify and determine the characteristics of the equipment. Normally, type tests shall be
performed on one (1) apparatus of each type and with different technical characteristics. If type tests have been
performed on identical material or equipment, within a period not exceeding eight (8) years from contract date, the
results may be accepted provided that the reports of the tests are submitted within the following thirty (30) days after
signature of the contract.
The routine tests are intended to reveal any defective material or manufacture non‐conformity and shall be performed
on all equipment supplied.
The units to be assembled in the plant shall be assembled, adjusted and tested in the plant, as much as possible, under
the same service conditions that will prevail at the site of installation, to ensure the accuracy of the wiring and the correct
operation of the equipment.
The Employer’s Engineer reserves the right to be present at any of the tests.
The equipment to be tested must be totally assembled for an inspection before the tests.
The Contractor must submit to the Employer’s Engineer a detailed program of tests for review, at least one (1) month
before the tests take place.
The Contractor shall inform the Employer’s Engineer in writing, at least thirty (30) days in advance, of the date of the
tests.
10
INTERPRETATION OF THE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
The Technical Specification prevails over the reference standards and over the General Technical Requirements.
11
NAMEPLATES
The equipment shall be fitted with nameplates and indication plates, which must be manufactured of stainless steel or
aluminum, with a minimum thickness of 1 mm engraved black letters on a light background.
Page 13 sur 36
12
PACKING AND MARKING
12.1
general
The purpose of the following general standards is to ensure that the Contractor pack and mark the materials according
to acceptable standards and that the appropriate packing material is used. The Contractor is solely responsible for
the quality of the packing material.
The Employer’s Engineer, may, at any time, reject any packing or marking if it is deemed to be non‐conforming to the
standards specified in this contract.
If the packing is rejected, the Employer’s Engineer is entitled to have it redone, at the expense of the Contractor, and
the later will not have the right to claim the incurred expenses.
This specification is non‐limiting.
The packing must resist all the risks associated with extensive handling by:
‐
Fork lift
‐
Cranes (slings)
The packing must facilitate all types of handling.
The packing must be suitable to resist long periods of storage (that could extend to several months) under variable
weather conditions, to take into account deterioration factors typical to this kind of project, such as:
‐ Cold
‐ Damp heat
‐ Abundant rain
‐ Temperature fluctuations
‐ Saline air
‐ Vibrations
‐ Parasites
‐ Insects Etc…
The technical specifications, dimensions, material and equipment weight are the other criteria to consider when
designing and performing the packing.
12.2
interior packing
The packing shall be adequate and sufficient so as to avoid any damage to the contents during the handling or difficult
transport conditions. In all cases, the items shall be arranged or wrapped in such a manner so as to minimize the
volume.
The Contractor must wedge, shore or screw, as needed, or use any other available method in order to prevent the
rupture of partitions, the free movement of pieces within the rigid container and prevent any damage resulting from
shock or vibrations.
Fragile pieces unable to endure handling and difficult transportation conditions and those which cannot be
disassembled shall be properly supported before the wrapping is done. All pieces that are rotating, sliding, free‐
moving or mounted on springs and whose movement is not blocked by a safety device shall be wedged and bound
securely.
Page 14 sur 36
12.3
Exterior packing
The following paragraphs describe the minimum requirements for packing. The material not specified in the following
paragraphs must be packed according to specifications for equivalent material. The Manufacturer can refer to the
basic guidelines of packing in ANSI/NAS and ISO Standards.
The packing shall be performed in conformance with the accepted standards for marine, railway or overland shipping.
The materials shall be solidly packed so as to withstand the different means of transportation and on any kind of
difficult roads.
All the equipment must be packed so as to be protected against any possible damaging effect caused by salt water
(maritime packaging).
12.4
packing of electrical equipment
It is the Contractor’s responsibility to insure that packing is adequate for transportation to site in order to guarantee
integrity of equipment.
Any material liable to deterioration or corrosion must be packed in tightly closed crates.
Whenever fittings or accessories are removed from an apparatus for easier transportation, the openings left must be
properly covered.
Cables or plug wires coming out of the apparatus must be wrapped with an insulation tape and covered with a
polyethylene film of at least 0.12 mm thick, in order to protect them from outdoor conditions. They must also be
firmly fastened to the equipment to avoid deterioration while handling.
The equipment and/or the materials must be fastened to a structural wooden base built with wooden beams 100 mm
minimum thickness. The equipment must be handled with cranes using slings.
The packing of equipment to be transported by air must be made using plastic containers and the materials as light
as possible without compromising efficient protection against the risks associated with air transportation.
The items that can be gathered in bundles shall be sorted out according to length and size and the bundle shall be
bound with steel strapping and shall not exceed 100 kg each.
The equipment and all the accessories shall be packed in closed crates, designed to resist the effects of negligent
handling during overland and maritime transportation while loading and unloading and to prevent losses or theft.
Besides, the packing shall be adequate to resist long periods of storage and outside exposure to all kinds of weather
in harbor yards or any other places.
The crates containing the electrical equipment or fragile pieces must have an adequate mechanic reinforcement to
ensure their stability. Open crates shall not be accepted.
All heavy crates or large crates must be clearly marked for handling while unloading and during overland
transportation.
In particular, the marking must show how and where to install the slings and hooks for hoisting, pulling and
transporting the crate.
All the crates must have the identification marks, as indicated in the marking chapter. When a shipment contains
several packages, the latter must be identified in relation to the main equipment. In case there are ferrous pieces
assembled with the non‐ferrous pieces, the former must be well protected.
The pieces liable to be affected by water condensation or humidity absorption while loading and during
transportation must be packed with waterproof materials. All filling material must be of non‐hygroscopic type.
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In order to absorb the humidity, drying products must be placed in every crate.
The spare parts with precise machined surfaces or materials, with ferrous parts, must be specially treated and packed
for perfect conservation during many years and under normal storing conditions.
The packing may be subject to the acceptance of the inspector appointed by the Employer.
The Contractor must submit the packing drawings for acceptance by the Employer’s Engineer.
12.5
packing of structural steel
Packing methods and the packing lists are the responsibility of the Contractor and they shall be submitted for
acceptance to the Employer’s Engineer who reserves the right to inspect the supplies and their packing before
shipment.
The metal pieces are not to be stacked or packed before the chromate treatment is completely dry. The galvanized
metal pieces stored outside must be on an incline position so as to permit the runoff of water.
All the galvanized materials shall be protected against the risk of corrosion such as “white rust” which might be caused
by water, saline air or prolonged humidity.
The bundles of angles are to be sufficiently attached and of sufficient size as to give them the resistance required for
shipping. Each bundle is to contain the members of the same structure. The maximum weight of each bundle should
be approximately three (3) metric tons. One example of steel packing is shown on Appendix 14.
Care must be taken during handling and shipping to avoid damage to the galvanization and/or to the chromate
treatment.
The packing may be prepared once the manufacturing is finished. The pieces shall be assembled in tightly attached
bundles, using packaging materials that will not oxidize easily as not to damage the galvanization and/or chromate
treatment.
The bolts, nuts and washers are to be packed by type and size in airtight new 2 ½ gallon drums (11 liters). (Please
refer to Appendix 11)
The maximum weight of the 2 1/2‐gallon drum is to be around 35 kg. The diameter, length, class and quantity along
with the packing number and total weight of the drum is to be painted in black on the side and top of the drum. The
maximum weight of a pallet is limited to 3000 kg.
12.6
Packing of spares
All spares shall be delivered in metallic containers of 20ft or 40ft, which shall be kept by the Employer for storage
purposes.
12.7
protection against humidity
12.7.1
Waterproofing
Since the packing must be waterproof, it is important to avoid water condensation which promotes metal corrosion.
Therefore, a waterproof film such as polyethylene or tar paper must cover the equipment in such a manner as to
allow sufficient ventilation for water evaporation.
12.7.2
Dehydrating Agents
All goods sensitive to humidity and to contamination must be wrapped with plastic film or waterproof paper
thoroughly sealed using a waterproofing method.
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The Contractor shall generally use polyethylene; however, aluminum compound sheets are required for all electric
and electronic equipment sensitive to humidity and contamination.
A silica gel, in bags of standard dimensions, must be placed in the most appropriate places inside the package to
expose all the hollow spaces of the equipment to the dehydrating action of the siccative.
The quantity of silica gel bags for every package must be sufficient to maintain the humidity rate at 40 % for a
minimum period of six (6) months.
This method, based on water absorption, can be used for any type of material.
12.8
closed crates (see AppendIX 4, 5, 6 and 7)
The Contractor shall limit the weight of crates to 3 metric tons.
The bottom of each crate must be reinforced so as to withstand the weight of the packed equipment and to resist
vertical shocks.
The pieces of compact equipment must be solidly bound to the crate.
All lifting points must be identified.
All crates must be mounted on skids.
The structural wooden members as well as the ones intended for fork lifting must be placed on the points of high
load concentration. They must be sufficiently thick (2.5 cm) to withstand the weight. The structural members must
have a width of at least 10 cm and be screwed to the skids with bolts. There must be a spacing of at least 2.5 cm
between the structural wooden members and the item, on the side and on the top. Fragile items must be protected
by allowing a space between them ranging from 2.5 to 10 cm. This free space must be increased for items requiring
no impact mounting.
The filling material that will fill the empty spaces inside the crates shall be synthetic. Wood shaving and shredded
paper shall not be acceptable. The design of the crates must be in accordance with the weight of the material to be
packed:
(a) Less than 250 kg
The
crates
to
contain
less
than
250
kg
shall
be
built
with
cleats
of
no
less
than
2.5 cm and the wood or plywood to be used shall be 1.9 cm thick.
The crate shall be the type “A” shown on Appendix 4. The strapping must be steel belts 19 mm wide crimped
with steel fasteners.
(b) From 250 kg to 500 kg
The crates must be made with wood 1.9 cm thick. The bottom of the crate must be 2.5 cm thick and the
uprights must be made with 5 x 10 cm boards. The crate shall be the type "B" shown on Appendix 4. The
strapping must be steel belts 32 mm wide crimped with steel fasteners.
(c) From 500 to 3000 kg
The crates to contain more than 500 kg must be mounted on a base with supports of at least 10 x 10 cm. The
support shall be bolted to the base with bolts of 1.25 cm diameter, minimum. The wood thickness of the base
must be more than 2.5 cm. The uprights must be 5 x 7.5 cm or more.
The walls must be made of wood or plywood 2.5 cm thick.
The top must be made of wood 2.5 cm thick with waterproof paper in between the two layers of the double top.
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Appendix 5, 6 and 7 show the construction of these crates. The corners can be reinforced with steel belts 3.2 cm wide.
The crates will be strapped with steel belts 51 mm wide installed vertically and horizontally and in sufficient quantity
proportionally to the dimensions of the crate.
12.9
openwork crates
Open work crates are used to ship material non‐sensitive to outdoor conditions.
Appendix 8 and 9 shows an example of crate used to pack insulators whereas Annex 9 shows a type of crate that
could be appropriate for heavy equipment.
12.10
materials to be transported on pallets
In order to make material and certain containers handling easier (drums, crates) the usage of wooden pallets is
required.
These pallets shall be solid, sturdy and new. They shall be made according to the example shown on Appendix 10.
Appendix 11 shows a method of arranging material on wooden pallets. The strapping must be carefully done and in
sufficient quantity to prevent the packages from slipping.
12.11
materials to be transported in metallic drums
New 2 1/2‐gallon drums (11 liters) shall be used mainly to transport bolts. Any other material to be transported this
way shall be subject to acceptance by Employer’s Engineer. These drums shall be airtight in order to prevent water
from entering during transport and storage. The bolts or any other materials shall be regrouped by size and diameter
and properly identified.
The drums must set on pallets to facilitate handling. They must be placed in a maximum of two (2) rows. One wooden
pallet must be placed on top of the drums to increase stability and compactness when stowing. See example shown
on Appendix 11.
The weight of each pallet shall not exceed 3 metric tons.
New 45‐gallon drums (204.5 liters) can be used for small pieces such: gussets, splices, the weight of each drum must
not exceed 200 kg. The drums must be set on pallets and be fitted with a lifting device (crossbars or lifting eyelets).
The drums must have three holes (approximately 1 cm diam.) at the bottom in order to allow drainage of any water
that might enter the drum.
The pieces transported shall not be in direct contact with the bottom of the drum, therefore wedges must be used.
The pieces must not move inside the drum so an efficient blockage is necessary. A metallic lid must snugly cover the
top to avoid water, mainly rain, from entering the drum. See example shown on Appendix 12.
12.12
reels for conductors and cables
All cables shall be packed on metallic reels which dimensions shall be as a function of the length and size of the cables.
An example of reel is shown on Appendix 13. The AAAC conductor shall be packed on steel drums.
12.13
packing materials
The material specification described in this paragraph applies to all packing methods calling for this type of materials.
(a) Solid Wood (see Appendix 2 and 3)
The solid wood to be used for packing must be new, solid and well dried. It must be free from rot, wear, clinker,
holes, loosen knots and excessive deformations. The humidity degree must be between 10 and 20 %. The knots
must be healthy‐looking and not bigger than a 1/3 of the width of board.
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(b) Plywood
The plywood must be new, good quality and well‐dried. Three‐layer plywood must be used for the crates with
cleats and five‐layer plywood for nailed crates.
(c) Nails
The nails must be circular and preferably covered with a coating of cement or chemical glue.
Other types of nail that may be used are with helical or ring‐shaped shafts.
(d) Strapping
The metallic strapping shall be made of non‐annealed steel installed with a binding device and tied with steel
fasteners. The steel must be treated against corrosion. Where the metallic belts touches the finished surfaces
there must be protective pads at these points in order to avoid abrasion.
The dimensions of steel belts will be in accordance with the Manufacturer’s specifications and in relation with
the weight of the bundle to strap
12.14
marking
The marking must be in English and must also be as big as the available space on the crates allows without exceeding
100 mm. A packing list, written in English, shall go along with each shipment and be attached to each crate. The
packing list shall be in a closed envelope, covered with plastic.
All the crates must be marked on opposite sides.
The Contractor must, according to the destination site, identify the packages by writing the appropriate code that has
been allocated to each site of final destination.
If tags are to be used, they shall be printed or typed with permanent ink and shall be solidly secured to the wooden
surface by means of staples, nails or tacks; if this is possible, they must be fastened with metallic wire or a very solid
rope (the tags shall be water‐proof).
Warning signs such as: FRAGILE, KEEP DRY, POISON, etc. shall be clearly indicated if the nature of the merchandise
calls for it (see Appendix 15).
12.14.1 Marking Models
Every item shipped must carry, on one side and on top, the following inscriptions:
ATTENTION OF:
DESTINATION:
PROJECT:
SITE:
COUNTRY:
CONTRACT No.:
BOX:
Equipment Code No.:
OF:
(Total number of crates shipped)
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FINAL DESTINATION:
Note:
If the shipment is not dispatched to the final destination, the container must carry the transit destination
as well as the following: “TO BE DELIVERED TO (final destination)”.
12.15
Packing Models
Refer to Appendix 2 to 15.
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12.15.1
Appendix 1 ‐Drawings Title Block (sample)
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12.15.2
Appendix 2 ‐Wood Defects
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12.15.3
Appendix 3 ‐Wood Deformations
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12.15.4
Appendix 4 ‐Closed Crates
TYPE A PLYWOOD CASE WITH CLEATS
TYPE B 2.5 cm THICK WOODEN CASE
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12.15.5
Appendix 5 ‐Closed Crates
Wooden Case, with Double‐Layer Top and Water‐Proof Paper, Reinforced
With 32 mm Wide Steel straps at the Corners
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12.15.6 Appendix 6 ‐Closed Crates
Plywood Case, with Double‐Layer Top and Water‐Proof Paper, Reinforced
With 32 mm Wide Steel belts at the Corners
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12.15.7 Appendix 7 ‐Closed Crates
Wooden Case for Heavy Equipment
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12.15.8 Appendix 8 ‐Openwork Crates
FIGURE 1
Cylindrical Configuration
FIGURE 2
Tetrahedral Configurations
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12.15.9 Appendix 9 ‐ Openwork Crates
Wooden Open Case
Page 29 sur 36
12.15.10 Appendix 10 ‐Wooden Pallets
Page 30 sur 36
12.15.11 Appendix 11 ‐ Packing of Barrels on Pallets
Page 31 sur 36
12.15.12 Appendix 12 ‐Packing in Drums
Page 32 sur 36
12.15.13 Appendix 13 ‐Reels for Cables
Page 33 sur 36
12.15.14 Appendix 14 ‐ Packing of Steel
Page 34 sur 36
12.15.15 Appendix 15 ‐ Pictograms
Page 35 sur 36
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