-Personality = persistent patterns of thought, affect and behaviour
-Personality trait = ‘a trait is a dimension of personality used to categorise people according
to the degree to which they manifest a particular characteristic’ (Burger 1997)
-Traits are stable across situations and over time and are distinctive, relative to other people
Therefore >> Individual differences in characteristics that are generally stable across time
and situations.
Measured>> Through tests, self report questionnaires, using empirical strategies
-Traits are dimensional not categorical
Cattell’s use of data
L-data > life recorded data (school reports)
Q-data > self-report questionnaire data
OT-data> objective test data (reaction time
Cattell’s came up with a 16PF
Eysenck used secondary factor analysis to identify higher order traits and organise lower
order traits. The higher order traits were psychoticism, extraversion and neuroticism.
However is 3 too few?
Consensus organisation of traits, 5 broad bipolar dimensions (Costa and Mccrae)
Goldberg and others suggest FFM as a generally comprehensive taxonomy
1.Define personality and stuff
2.Discuss 5 factor model
3.Narrow on one
4.Discuss previous theories on this factor
5. Discuss the finer facets in this model and how they relate to the big one
6.Participant, design, procedure as usual for this tool
7. Scoring system
8. Limitations , validity, reliability, measurement error
Neuroticism
-(The six facets)
Anxiety
Self consciousness
Depression
Vulnerability
Impulsiveness
Angry hostility
Eynseck’s theory of personality also placed neuroticism as a higher factor (one of the three)
And cortical arousal was one of the techniques used to measure. The ascending reticular
activating system mediates the physiological change from a state of deep sleep to
wakefulness. Mediates transitions from relaxed wakefulness to periods of high attention.
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