IGCSE Geography (0460)
Name: Joe Pintusewitz
Time:
1h 20 min
Total:
40
Examiner:
Mr. Hartman
29 April 2022
IGCSE Geography
Theme 2: The Natural Environment: Topic 22 - 33.
Instructions:
● Answer all questions in pen.
● Show all calculations, and where applicable, write down a formula.
● A non-programmable calculator is allowed.
● Complete the test in the space provided on the test paper.
● Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.
Question 1 - Study the following image, which is a photograph of a coastal area in Spain.
1.1. What coastal landform is marked by an X?
a wave cut platform
(1)
1.2. Describe two characteristics of coastal landform X.
It is very shallow and is engulfed by water at high tide and is also very flat.
(2)
1.3. Explain how the natural arch, marked Y in the photo, was formed by coastal erosion.
(3)
the erosion of the rock creates a cave and the erosion will continue as the waves will move into the
cave thus eroding it and creating an arch
1.4. Suggest reasons why the coastline shown is not straight.
(4)
if the waves are not coming straight on the erosion will not be straight thus making the beach an
angle or if it is in the bay the waves would come at a different angle or there are softer rocks at one
angle so the soft rocks would erode and then with the hard rocks left it would be at an angle or there
has been some human interference.
2
Question 2 - Study the following map of Tobago, in the Caribbean, which shows coral reefs.
2.1. Describe the distribution of coral reefs shown on the map.
(3)
they are on the coast of the island as they need specific things to grow in the right way and at all and
being close to the coast is one of the things that helps with that
2.2. Describe the conditions required for the development of coral reefs.
(5)
the water must be shallow not over 50m, the water must be an average of 25 degrees with a
seasonal swing of only 5 degrees each way and the coral reefs needs lot of sunlight for
photosynthesis
3
Question 3
3.1. List 4 hard engineering methods used to manage coastal erosion.
(4)
sea walls, rock placement ,revetment and gabions
3.2. List 3 advantages of soft engineering methods.
(3)
It is less costly and will have less impact on the environment as well as taking less time to set up and
use and thus is better if you have less manpower and cash.
Question 4 - Study the following figure, which shows information about flows through a drainage basin.
4.1. What is meant by transpiration?
(1)
the trees or plants will soak up water in use for photosynthesis and transpiration happens in the
process of that and will use up the water there.
4.2. Explain why interception varies from place to place.
(1)
they could be more or less plants or ways for the water to infiltrate and percolate into the soil so
there would be more water going straight into the river and the angle of the cliff also makes a
difference in that as if it is more steep it is harder to take
4.3. Explain why interception varies at different times of the year.
4
(1)
It will change with the amount of rainfall as dry soil will take much more water than wet soil so most
of the plants would take all of the water and that would mean that there would be a very low level of
infiltration.
4.4. Identify the processes taking place at X, Y and Z.
(3)
The water goes through the surface ground and underground stores and coming back up into the
river or the sea.
Question 5 - Cawston Creek is a small river in Canada. The diagram below is an outline map of the area.
5.1. Which letter indicates the position of a source?
(1)
E
5.2. Which letter indicates the position of a confluence?
(1)
A
5.3. Which letter indicates a tributary which is less than 1km long?
(1)
D
5.4. Which letter indicates the water shed?
(1)
5
B
6
Question 6 - Study the following images, which are photographs showing two different rivers and their
valleys.
6.1. Describe the similarities and differences between the two rivers.
(3)
in the one on the right the valley is much more steep so the velocity of the water and its power will
be greater and the one on the right is slightly wider than the other showing that there has probably
been more erosion to that point but they are both quite narrow and shallow and probably have
quite high average discharge
6.2. Explain how rivers erode their valleys.
(5)
by was of erosion such as corrosion, abrasion and solution and thus will laterally erode the rocks and
the beds over time by the water being so strong that it can carry water or the water itself would
chemically react with a rock such as limestone and the force of the rocks being carried could start to
break the other rocks thus making it easier to be erroded
Total [40]
7