LET’S COMPOSE
EFFECTIVE PARAGRAPHS!
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCY
•Compose effective
paragraphs
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Identify the topic sentence in a paragraph;
• Identify related details that support the
topic sentence; and
• Develop a well-organized paragraph.
PARAGRAPH
• It is a series of sentences that are organized and coherent, and
are all related to a single topic.
• It could contain a series of brief examples or a single long
illustration of a general point.
• It might describe a place, character, or process; narrate a series
of events; compare or contrast two or more things; classify items
into categories; or describe causes and effects.
PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE
• Introduction
• Body
• Conclusion
PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE
• Introduction: the first section of a paragraph;
should include the topic sentence and any other
sentences at the beginning of the paragraph that
give background information or provide a
transition.
PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE
• Introduction: the first section of a paragraph;
should include the topic sentence and any other
sentences at the beginning of the paragraph that
give background information or provide a
transition.
• Body: follows the introduction; discusses the
controlling idea, using facts, arguments, analysis,
examples, and other information.
PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE
• Introduction: the first section of a paragraph; should include the
topic sentence and any other sentences at the beginning of the
paragraph that give background information or provide a
transition.
• Body: follows the introduction; discusses the controlling idea,
using facts, arguments, analysis, examples, and other
information.
• Conclusion: the final section; summarizes the connections
between the information discussed in the body of the
paragraph and the paragraph’s controlling idea.
INTRODUCTION
• The opening paragraph(s) contains techniques that grab readers attention such as
famous quotes, statistics, or interesting questions.
• This aims to make a good impression on readers.
• It introduces the topic.
• The sentence that expresses the main idea of the paragraph is called topic
sentence.
• It guides, controls, and unifies ideas in a paragraph.
• A topic sentence can be found at the beginning, middle, or ending of the
paragraph.
• Sometimes it is implied.
INTRODUCTION
• HOOK
• BACKGROUND INFORMATION
• THESIS
INTRODUCTION - HOOK
• Purpose: Draw the reader’s attention. Make them
want to keep reading.
• DO: Use Quotations, Questions, Facts/Statistics.
• DON’T: “This essay will be about . . .
INTRODUCTION –
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
• Purpose: Give a little information about your topic.
• DO: Main points, Why the topic is important, outline
essay.
• DON’T: Tell them everything. “I am going to talk
about…
INTRODUCTION - THESIS
• Purpose: States your main topic or position.
The backbone of your essay.
• DO: Be clear and specific, put at the end of your
introduction, be original.
• DON’T: “The point of my paper . . .
BODY
• The body presents ideas that support the topic.
• It is composed of sentences or details that introduce, explain,
prove, etc. the topic sentence.
• They answer questions – who, what, where, when, why, and
how.
• They can be facts, reasons, testimonies, statistics, and
experiments that support the topic sentence.
BODY
2 Levels of Supporting Details
• ✓ Major details – directly support the topic
sentence.
• ✓ Minor details – directly support the major details.
CONCLUSION
• This is the last paragraph of the essay.
• It contains a restatement of the main idea of the
essay and a summary of the main idea.
CONCLUSION
How to Write a Conclusion
✓ Include a topic sentence.
✓ Use your introductory paragraph as a
guide.
✓ Summarize the main ideas.
✓ Appeal to the reader’s emotions.
✓ Include a closing sentence.
BASIC FEATURES OF THE PARAGRAPH
1. Completeness
✓ A paragraph must include enough information to give the
reader a clear picture or a full discussion of its main idea (topic
sentence).
2. Unity
✓ All paragraphs must have one key, controlling idea. All
sentences within the paragraph must clearly and specifically
relate to and support the main topic.
BASIC FEATURES OF THE PARAGRAPH
1. Completeness
✓ A paragraph must include enough information to give the
reader a clear picture or a full discussion of its main idea (topic
sentence).
2. Unity
✓ All paragraphs must have one key, controlling idea. All
sentences within the paragraph must clearly and specifically
relate to and support the main topic.