GWA HISTORY Knowledge Organiser - Topic : Cold War Crises, 1958-1970
Key Words
Key Events
1
1958
Khrushchev’s Berlin ultimatum
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2
1960
Paris Summit
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3
1961
Construction of the Berlin Wall
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4
1961
Bay of Pigs invasion
5
1962
The Cuban Missile Crisis
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25
6
1963
President Kennedy’s visit to West Berlin
Containment
US policy of opposing expansion of Communism into non-Communist countries.
Sphere of
influence
Area of the world where one state is dominant.
Warsaw Pact
A military association between Soviet Union and satellite states.
brinkmanship
he tactic of seeming to approach the verge of war in order to persuade one's
opposition to retreat.
Berlin Ultimatum
Khrushchev’s demand for western allies to leave Berlin.
Brezhnev Doctrine
Policy justifying intervention for military intervention by Warsaw Pact forces in
event of other Warsaw Pact state attempting to leave Soviet sphere or
betraying Communism
CIA
US office coordinating espionage and intelligence activities.
Defect
To leave one’s country in order to join a rival state.
26
7
1963
Hotline set up between Washington and Moscow
8
1963
The Limited Test Ban Treaty
27
9
1967
Six Day War.
28
10
1968
The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
29
Détente
An attempt to reduce tension between superpowers.
11
1968
The Prague Spring and Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia
30
Disarmament
To withdraw, reduce of abolish military weapons and force.
12
1969
Jan Palach sets fire to himself in Prague
31
Dissident
Person who disagrees with the government.
Guerilla tactics
Use of ambushes, raids and sabotage by smaller group of combatants against
larger military forces.
MAD
Mutually Assured Destruction. Belief that nuclear weapons made each side less
likely to attack and therefore safer.
Nuclear Nonproliferation
Treaty.
Agreement that banned non-Nuclear states from gaining nuclear weapons by
manufacture or transfer of technology.
Outer Space Treaty
Promise signed by superpowers not to send nuclear weapons into space.
Limited Test Ban
Treaty
Ban on testing nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, outer space or under
water.
Prague Spring
Series of reforms by Alexander Dubcek introducing ‘moderate socialism’ into
Czechoslovakia.
Six Day War
War between Israel and Arab neighbours.
Strategic warheads
Warheads delivered by rockets and missiles that are linked to their delivery
vehicle and ready to launch.
Vietnam War
Conflict from 1954 to 1975 between Communist North Vietnam and
government of South Vietnam supported by USA.
Key Figures
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14
Nikita Khrushchev
Leader of USSR from 1953 to 1964.
Dwight Eisenhower
President of USA from 1953 to 1961.
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33
34
15
John F Kennedy
President of USA from 1961 to 1963
16
Lyndon B Johnson
President of USA from 1963 to 1968
17
Richard Nixon
President of USA from 1969 to 1974
36
18
Fidel Castro
Leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2011.
37
19
Alexander Dubcek
Chairman of Slovak Communist party.
Leonid Brezhnev
Leader of USSR from 1964 to 1982.
20
35
38
39
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