The power of moral courage
ordinary people who made a difference
Content
Mohandas Gandhi
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General
Childhood
Start the fight against racism
Events
Non-cooperation
Saltmarch
Death
Rosa Parks
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General
Childhood
Work
Civil Rights
Activities
Effects
Arrest
Robbery
Most important
Awards
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Content 2
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Oskar Schindler
His Factory
His Connection to Judes
The Rescue from the Judes
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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
* 2. October 1869 in Porbandar
† 30. January 1948 New Delhi
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General
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Father: Karamchand Gandhi
Mother: Putlibai Gandhi
Nationality: Indian
Spouse: Kasturba Gandhi
Childs: Harilal, Manilal, Ramdas, Devdas
Job: Lawyer, Politican
Honorary title: Mahatma (=great soul)
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Youth
• Mohandas gandhi was born in a
whealthy family
• Gandhi went to an Indian
elementry school
• He married with 13 years
• 1888 he started studying law
• 1891 he came back to India
• Arrived in India he was down
ranked in the caste systeme
– Becourse he was abroad(Bild
Kastensystme)
• He had to pay money and had to
do rittuals so he can get back to the
society
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The start of the fight against racism
• 1893 Gandhi got a job as a lawyer in South-afrika
• In South-afrika he got in touch with racism
• In a train he wasn‘t allowed to sit in first class , he had
to sit in the baggage wagon.
• Becourse he refused to sit in the wagon he got kicked
out.
• After that he decidet to fight against racism
• He created an intest group for rights
• He fought with the methode called “Satyagraha”
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“Satyagraha”
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No violence
Willingness to accept suffering and pain
Making the enemy to his ally
Weapon 0f morality and spiritual
According to gandi
– „Violence only leads to counter-violence“
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Independence movements
• 1915 Gandhi returned to India
• In India there was already an independence movement
taking place at that time.
• Gandhi joins a political party
• He asks 1922 the other members not to work with great
britain
• 1930 he request the population of india to burn birtish
items
• Gandhi canceld that event becourse it came to violence
• He was arrested
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„Salt march“
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The salt march happend in 1930
Gandhis succesfulest mass campain
Against the law that inder arent allowed to produce salt
With 78 members he marches 380km to the coast of
India
• He produced salt with sea water
• the consequences:
– 50.000 arrested
– 2 folowers died
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Way to independence
• 1931 he traded about the independence
• The trade were not succesful becourse he didnt want to
give the muslims rights
• After World War. II Great britain was weakend
• They have handed over the power of government
• Gandhi didn’t agree with the hand over
• The transaction spited India in two parts
• Gandhi was able to do another agreement but this time
muslins included
• Hindu nationalist think he is a traitor
• He was shot by Nathuram Godse on 30 of January
1948 in New Delhi
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Rosa Parks
General:
• Born: February 4, 1913, Tuskegee, Alabama,
United States
• Deceased: October 24, 2005, Detroit, Michigan,
United States
• Spouse: Raymond Parks (married 1932–1977)
• Dad: James Mccauley
• Mom: Leona Mccauley
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Childhood
• Rosa grew up on a farm with her brother, mother and
grandparents
• The father left the family in 1915 and went to the north
• She was tutored by her mother until she was eleven,
after which she attended Montgomery Industrial
School for Girls and Booker T. Washington High School
• both schools were exclusively for African Americans
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Work
• She spends most of her life as a seamstress
• Rosa Parks was a Methodist and a member of the
African Methodist Episcopal Church.
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Civil Rights Activities
• At that time, racial segregation was so pronounced in
Montgomery that there were only schools or benches
for whites/blacks. It was the same with buses, as soon
as a white man wanted to sit down, the whole row had
to be cleared
• A white passenger demanded that the reserved row of
seats where Parks was vacated be vacated. However,
Rosa refused. Bus driver James Blake then called the
police and insisted on their arrest. Parks was arrested
and charged with disturbing the public order and fined
$10 plus $4 in court costs.
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Auswirkungen
• Bürgerrechtsaktivitäten führten zu Aufhebung der
Rassentrennung in Bussen und zu zahlreichen weiteren
Protesten gegen Rassismus in Amerika
• Rosa Parks wurde dadurch zur Ikone der
Bürgerrechtsbewegung, allerdings bekam sie auch viele
Drohungen
• Ihr Mann kam damit nicht klar und erlitt einen
Nervenzusammenbruch
• Auch heute verehren sie viele Leute noch
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Robbery
Am 30. August 1994 wurde die 81-jährige Rosa Parks in
ihrem Haus in Detroit überfallen und ausgeraubt.
Der Täter Joseph Skipper schlug Rosa zu Boden obwohl er
sich als Afroamerikaner erkannte. Er entkam mit einem
geringeren Geldbetragwurde aber später erwischt. Der Fall
sorgte für Aufsehen in ganz Amerika.
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Wichtigste Auszeichnungen
• 1983: Aufnahme in die Michigan Women's Hall of
Fame für ihre Aktivitäten in der Bürgerrechtsbewegung
• 1996: Präsident Bill Clinton überreicht ihr die
Presidential Medal of Freedom.
• 1999 Congressional Gold Medal, die höchste zivile
Auszeichnung in den Vereinigten Staaten
• 2001: Eröffnung der Rosa Parks Library and Museum
in Montgomery, Alabama
• 2005: Öffentliche Ausstellung vor ihrer Beerdigung im
Kapitol; Parks war die erste Frau in den Vereinigten
Staaten, der diese besondere Ehre zuteil wurde. Auch
US-Präsident George Bush ordnete das Hissen von
Trauerfahnen bei der Beerdigung an.
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Wichtigste Auszeichnungen 2
• 2008: Aufnahme in die Alabama Women's Hall of
Fame
• 2014: Der Asteroid (284996) wurde nach ihr bennant
• 2015: Eröffnung der RER-Station Rosa Parks in Paris
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Childhood
• Born on May 9, 1921 in the town of Forchtenberg,
Sophie Scholl grew up with four siblings in a politically
liberal, Christian home.
• She liked to spend time in nature, enjoyed reading and
painting. She spent her childhood in the southern city
of Ulm, where her father worked as a tax consultant.
• Full name: Sophia Magdalena Scholl
• Parent(s): Robert Scholl; Magdalena Scholl
• Siblings: Hans Scholl
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Growing Up
• Scholl was brought up in the Lutheran church. She
entered junior or grade school at the age of seven,
learned easily, and had a carefree childhood.
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In 1930, the family moved to Ludwigsburg and then
two years later to Ulm where her father had a business
consulting office.
• In spring 1940, she graduated
from secondary school.
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Education
• Was a German student and anti-Nazi
• Was active within the White Rose
• From end of June until mid July 1942, Hans Scholl and
Alexander Schmorell wrote the first four leaflets.
• In 1932, Scholl began attending a secondary school for
girls.
• In spring 1940, she graduated
from secondary school
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Origins of the White Rose
• Between 1940 and 1941, Scholl's brother, Hans Scholl,
a former member of the Hitler Youth, began
questioning the principles and policies of the Nazi
regime
• they eventually adopted a strategy of passive resistance
towards the Nazis by writing and publishing leaflets
that called for the toppling
of National Socialism,
calling themselves the
White Rose
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Leaflets
• From end of June until mid July 1942, Hans Scholl and
Alexander Schmorell wrote the first four leaflets
• These leaflets were left in telephone books in public
phone booths, mailed to professors and students, and
taken by courier to other universities for distribution
• On 18 February 1943, Sophie and Hans Scholl went to
the Ludwig Maximilian
University to leave flyers
out for the students to
read
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Excuted
• She was convicted of high treason after having been
found distributing anti-war leaflets at the University of
Munich (LMU) with her brother, Hans.
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For her actions, she was executed by guillotine. Since
the 1970s, Scholl has been extensively commemorated
for her anti-Nazi resistance work.
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Childhood
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Schindler was born April 28, 1908, in the city of Svitavy
[Zwittau], in the Sudetenland, now part of the Czech Republic.
Family:
 Eldest of two children
 Oskar’s father, Hans Schindler, was a farm-equipment
manufacturer
 His mother, Louisa, was a homemaker.
• Oskar and his sister, Elfriede, attended a Germanlanguage school
• Forgoing the opportunity to attend college, he went to
trade school instead, taking courses in several areas.
• He was very popular and had many friends
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Growing Up
• During the 1920s
Schindler worked for
his father, selling farm
equipment.
• His father disapproves
of marriage, and leaves
his job working for his
father. He becomes a
salesman for Morovia
Eklectric and travels to
Poland on business.
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Becoming Successful
• By 1935 Sudeten Germans,were joining the proNazi Sudeten German Party.
• Schindler only joined because it made business
sense to along with the happening events.
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The new beginning
• On September/1/1939,
Hitler invaded Poland.
• Schindler went to
Krakow, Poland wanting
to profit from the
conflict.
• By October the Nazis
were controlling all of
Poland.
• Schindler made friends
with key officers in both
the German army and
the SS, by giving them
illegal goods such as
cognac and cigars.
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Spionage für das Deutsche Reich
• Nach der Schließung der
väterlichen
Landmaschinenfabrik arbeitete
Schindler von 1935 bis 1939 als
Agent für das Amt
Ausland/Abwehr.
• Zur Tarnung war Schindler als
kaufmännischer Leiter der
Mährischen Elektrotechnischen
AG in Brünn angestellt. 1935 trat
er in die
pronationalsozialistische Partei
Konrad Henleins ein, die
Sudetendeutsche Heimatfront,
später Sudetendeutsche Partei.
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Itzhak Stern
• Itzhak Stern (25 January 1901 – 1969) was
a Polish-Israeli Jewish Holocaust survivor
who worked for Sudeten-German
industrialist Oskar Schindler and assisted
him in his rescue activities during the
Holocaust. Accountant of Oskar Schindler
who assisted him in his wartime rescue
activities.
• Schindler purchased a bankrupt
kitchenware factory and opened it in
January 1940 and hired Stern as the
bookkeeper
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The first Rescue
• Schindler needed employers so he turned to Krakows
Jewish. This was Sterns Idea
• Fifty-six thousand Jews lived in the city, most living in
the Ghettos
• By1940, the Nazis torture against Jews had begun
• June of 1942, the Nazis began relocating Krakow's Jews
to labor camps.
• This included Schindler’s workers. He ran to the train
station and argued with an SS men.
• He rescued them and took them back to his factory
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