Name:
Date:
Biology – Block
Mrs. Jordy
Concepts from the State Labs
Lab #1: Making Connection (Clothespin Lab)
Circulatory System – Heart – Pumps blood (O2, waste, nutrients) around the body
Respiratory System – Lungs – Allows for O2 to enter the bloodstream and CO2 to be removed
If there is not enough O2 in your cells, then the cells undergo respiration without Oxygen. This
causes the buildup of a waste product known as lactic acid.
Designing a Scientific Experiment
Control/experimental group; Independent/Dependent Variable; increasing validity
Calculating an average
Lab #2: Diffusion Through a Membrane
Diffusion (Passive Transport) – movement of molecules from HIGH to low concentration using NO
ATP
Large molecules cannot diffuse
Small molecules can diffuse
Remember when iodine and starch interact, it causes a BLUE/BLACK color.
Osmosis – Diffusion of water
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
Cells placed in salt water shrink because water moves from high to low concentration OUT of
the cell
Cells placed in distilled water swell because water moves from high to low concentration INTO
to the cell
Adding salt water to a slide
Contractive Vacuole – remove excess water from cells living in fresh water
Active Transport – molecules move from low to HIGH concentration using ATP
Lab #3: Beaks and Finches
The finches beaks are different due to VARIATION. Variation is caused by random mutations of
genes.
The birds with the best adapted beaks survive and reproduce passing on their beneficial adaptation.
Know how to read the finch wheel.
Lab #4: Relationships and Biodiversity
Paper Chromatography – separates pigments in a mixture
Gel Electrophoresis – separated DNA based on size
Small – Swift; Large – Lag; Moved by the electric current
Know how to read the codon chart
Analyzing and Evolutionary Tree
An evolutionary tree shows how closely related two species are
A point of intersection represents a common ancestor.
The closer the point of intersection, the more closely related two organisms are.