ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
Sustainability in Environment, Technology & Society
Course Title: ENVIRONMENT & ECOLOGY (DEFINITION OF TERMINOLOGIES)
Course code: Hum 4417
Teacher’s name: Benadjih Oiriddine Abdou
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
What is Technology?
Entities – both material and immaterial
Created by the application of mental and physical effort
In order to achieve some value.
In this usage, technology refers to tools and machines that may be used to solve
real-world problems.
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
What is Environment?
Everything that is around us.
It can be living (biotic) or
Non-living (abiotic) things.
It includes physical, chemical and other natural forces.
Living things live in their environment.
They constantly interact with it each other and adapt themselves to the conditions in their
environment.
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
What is Society?
The aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community.
An organization or club formed for a particular purpose or activity.
A group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction,
Or a large social group sharing the same geographical
Or social territory,
Typically subject to the same political authority
And dominant cultural expectations.
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
What is development?
The process that creates:
growth,
progress,
positive change
or the addition of physical, economic, environmental, social and demographic components.
Development is the act or process of growing, or causing something to grow or
become larger or more advanced.
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
Interdependence of Technology, Environment, Society and Development
Do you think there is a mutual dependency between:
Technology,
Environment,
Society and
Development?
Justify your answer.
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
What is the Earth system?
The “Earth system" refers to the interaction of the various (physical, chemical,
and biological) processes that take place in and around the earth.
On a macro level, the Earth system maintains its existence and functions as a
whole through the interactions of its parts, called components.
At a lower level or micro level, the earth system consists of the land, oceans,
atmosphere and poles.
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
The main components of the earth system
The atmosphere,
The biosphere,
The geosphere or lithosphere, and
The hydrosphere
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
The atmosphere
This is the gaseous layer surrounding the earth and held to its surface by gravity.
The atmosphere receives energy from solar radiation which warms the earth's
surface and is re-emitted and conducted to the atmosphere.
It also absorbs water from the earth's surface via the process of evaporation;
It then acts to redistribute heat and moisture across the earth's surface.
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
The geosphere
This is the part of the planet composed of rock and minerals;
It includes:
The solid crust,
The molten mantle solid parts of the earth's core.
In many places, the geosphere develops a layer of soil in which nutrients become
available to living organisms, and
Which thus provides an important ecological habitat and the basis of many forms
of life.
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
The hydrosphere
This consists of those parts of the earth system composed of water in its:
Liquid,
Gaseous (vapor) and
Solid (ice) phases.
The hydrosphere includes:
the earth's oceans and seas;
its ice sheets,
sea ice and glaciers;
its lakes, rivers and streams;
its atmospheric moisture and ice crystals; and its areas of permafrost.
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
12/23/2021
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
The biosphere
This contains all living organisms and it is intimately related to the other three
spheres:
Living organisms require:
Gases from the atmosphere,
Water from the hydrosphere,
Nutrients and minerals from the geosphere.
Living organisms also require a medium for life, and are adapted to inhabit one or
more of the other three spheres.
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
END OF PART I
ANY QUESTIONS
THANK YOU
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
BEGINNING OF PART II
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
Ecology
Ecology is the study of organisms and how they interact with the environment
around them.
Ecology is the study of the relationships between living organisms, including
humans, and their physical environment.
It seeks to understand the vital connections between plants and animals and the
world around them.
Ecology also provides information about the benefits of ecosystems and how we
can use Earth’s resources in ways that leave the environment healthy for future
generations.
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
Ecosystem:
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the
nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system.
These biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles
and energy flows.
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
Structure of ecosystem
The structure of an ecosystem can be split into two main components, namely:
Biotic Components
Biotic components are living factors of an ecosystem. A few examples of biotic components
include bacteria, animals, birds, fungi, plants, etc.
Abiotic Components
Abiotic components are non-living chemical and physical factors of an ecosystem.
These components could be acquired from the atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere.
A few examples of abiotic components include sunlight, soil, air, moisture minerals, and more.
This includes the distribution of energy in our environment.
It also includes the climatic conditions prevailing in that particular environment.
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
Functions of Ecosystem
It regulates the essential ecological processes, supports life systems and
renders stability.
It is also responsible for the cycling of nutrients between biotic and abiotic
components.
It maintains a balance among the various trophic levels in the ecosystem.
It cycles the minerals through the biosphere.
The abiotic components help in the synthesis of organic components that
involves the exchange of energy.
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
Energy Flow
The chemical energy of food is the main source of energy required by all living
organisms.
This energy is transmitted to different trophic levels along the food chain.
This energy flow is based on two different laws of thermodynamics:
First law of thermodynamics, that states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it can
only change from one form to another.
Second law of thermodynamics, that states that as energy is transferred more and more of it is
wasted.
The energy flow in the ecosystem is one of the major factors that support the survival of
such a great number of organisms.
For almost all organisms on earth, the primary source of energy is solar energy.
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
Trophic level
The producers and consumers in the ecosystem can be arranged into different
feeding groups and are known as trophic level or the feeding level.
The producers (plants) represent the first trophic level.
Herbivores (primary consumers) present the second trophic level.
Primary carnivores (secondary consumers) represent the third trophic level
Top carnivores (tertiary consumers) represent the last level.
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
What is Carrying Capacity?
Carrying capacity refers to the number of individuals who can be supported in a
given area within natural resource limits, and without degrading the natural
social, cultural and economic environment for present and future generations.
The carrying capacity for any given area is not fixed.
It can be altered by improved technology, but mostly it is changed for the worse by pressures
which accompany a population increase.
As the environment is degraded, carrying capacity actually shrinks, leaving the environment
no longer able to support even the number of people who could formerly have lived in the
area on a sustainable basis.
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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
END OF PART II
ANY QUESTIONS
THANK YOU
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