Fourth Grading:
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Definition:
Organic Chemistry is a branch of
Chemistry which studies Carbon
and its compounds.
Inorganic Chemistry is a branch of
Chemistry which studies
substances other than Carbon.
Difference between Organic and
Inorganic Compounds:
Organic
Property
Inorganic
generally covalent
1. bonding w/in
molecules
often ionic
generally weak
2. forces between
molecules
3. physical state
generally strong
4. flammability
non-flammable
gases,liquids (no
melting points)
flammable
usually solids
Continuation:
Organic
low solubility
non-conductor
low reaction rate
Property
5. solubility in water
6. conductivity
7. chemical reaction
Inorganic
high solubility
conductors
high reaction rate
Organization of Organic Chemistry
Functional
Expanded
Condensed
Class
Group
Form
Form
( Example )
( Example )
H H
|
1. Alkanes
H–C–C–H
CH3CH3
— C —
H H
|
H
H
|
|
2. Alkenes
C
C
C
C
CH2 = CH2
H
H
|
|
3. Alkynes
— C
C—
H–C
C-H
CH
CH
Continuation:
Class
4. Alcohols
5. Aromatic
Compounds
Functional
Group
- OH
compounds
that contain
the benzene
ring structure
Expanded
Form
(Example)
H H
H – C – C – OH
H H
Condensed
Form
(Example)
CH3CH2OH
O
Continuation:
Class
Functional Group
6. Ethers
7. Aldehydes
I
I
–C–O–C–
I
I
O
II
– C–H
Expanded Form
(Example)
H
H
I
I
H –C – O – C – H
I
I
H
H
H O
I II
H–C–C–H
I
H
Condensed
Form
(Example)
CH3 – O – CH3
O
II
CH3 C – H
Continuation:
Class
Functional
Group
H
I
H–C–
I
H
9. Carboxylic Acids
O
H
II
I
H – C – OH H – C –
I
H
8. Ketones
O
II
–C–
Expanded Form
(Example)
O
II
C–H
O
II
C – OH
Condensed Form
( Example)
O
II
CH3 CH
O
II
CH3 C- OH
Continuation:
Class
10. Esters
Functional Group
O
II
R” – C – O – R’
where:
R” = alkyl in the
CA group
R’ = alkyl in the
alc. group
11. Amines
– NH2
Expanded Form Condensed Form
(Example)
(Example)
H O
H
O
I II
I
II
H – C – C – O – C –H CH3-C- O CH3
I
I
H
H
H H
I I
H–C–N–H
I
CH3 - NH2
Continuation:
Class
12. Amides
13.Halides
14.Alkaloids
Functional
Group
Expanded Form Condensed Form
(Example)
(Example)
O
II
– C – NH2
H O H
I II I
H – C – C – N –H
I
H
O
II
CH3 C NH2
R–X
where R – any alkyl
group
X - Halogen
Nitrogen compounds which are isolated from plants
and have marked physiological effects in the body
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Template to be used in the study of
Organic Chemistry
Definition
Functional Group
Nomenclature ( Rules in naming )
Physical Properties
Writing of the Structural Formula
Writing of the Condensed Formula
Reactions if there is/are.
Other important information about the
Hydrocarbon.
9. Sources/ Uses