GRACE MISSION COLLEGE
Catiningan, Socorro, Oriental Mindoro
REVIEWER
Facilitating Learner – Centered Teaching
TQLR & PQ4R
TQLR – This can be taught to younger students (primary grades). It is a metacognitive strategy before listening to
a story or presentation.
T is for Tune in
Q is for Question
L is for Listen
R is for Remember
PQ4R – This is usually for older students in the intermediate levels and onwards. This strategy is used to study a unit
or chapter.
P is for Preview
Q is for Question
R is for Read
R is for Recite
R is for Review
R is for Reflect
B. NOVICE AND EXPERT
Novice Learners
Have limited knowledge in the different subject
areas
Satisfied at just scratching the surface; hurriedly
gives a solution to the problem
Employ rigid activities that may not be
appropriate to the task at hand
Attempt to the process all the information they
receive
Do not examine the quality of their work, nor
stop to make revisions
Expert Learners
Have deeper knowledge in different subject areas
because they look for interrelationships
In the things they learn
First try to understand the problem, look for
boundaries, and create a mental picture of the
problem
Design new strategies that would appropriate to
the task at hand
Select important information to process; able to
breakdown information to manageable chunks
Check their errors and redirect their efforts to
maintain quality output
Multiple Intelligences
Visual/Spatial Intelligence (Picture Smart) – learning visually and organizing ideas spatially. Seeing
concepts in action in order to understand them. The ability to *see" things in one's mind in planning to create a
product or solve a problem.
Verbal/Linguistic (Word Smart) - learning through the spoken and written word. This intelligence is always
valued in the traditional classroom and in traditional assessments of intelligence and achievement.
Mathematical/Logical (Number Smart/Logic Smart) – learning through reasoning and problem solving.
Also highly valued in the traditional classroom where students are asked to adapt to logically sequenced
delivery of instruction.
Bodily/Kinesthetic (Body Smart) – learning through interaction with one's environment. This intelligence is
the domain of "overly active learners. It promotes understanding through concrete experience.
Musical (Music Smart) – learning through patterns, rhythms and music. This includes not only auditory
learning but also the identification of patterns through all the senses.
Intrapersonal (Self Smart) – learning through feelings, values and attitudes. This is a decidedly affective
component of learning through which students place value on what they learn and take ownership for their
learning.
Interpersonal (People Smart) – learning through interaction with others. Not the domain of children who
are simply "talkative or overly social." This intelligence promotes collaboration and working cooperatively with
others.
Naturalist (Nature Smart) – learning through classification, categories and hierarchies. The naturalist
intelligence picks up on subtle differences in meaning. It is not simply the study of nature; it can be used in all
areas of study.
Existential (Spirit Smart) – learning by seeing the "big picture" Why are we here? "What is my role in the
world?" *What is my place in my family, school and community? This intelligence seeks connections to real world
understanding and application of new learning It is important for teachers to use their knowledge about
thinking/ learning style and multiple intelligences in planning activities to help their students learn effectively.
While researches on these typologies continue, it is clear that the teachers can no longer just teach the text
book. It is a sensible practice to teach each child according to his/her thinking/learning styles and multiple
intelligence.
Theories Related to the Learner’s Development
Three components of Personality
1. id
2. ego
3. superego
ESSAY – LEARNERS WITH EXCEPTIONALITIES