ﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ
ﻣﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺷﻙ ﻓﻳﻪ ﺃﻧﻧﺎ ﻧﻌﻳﺵ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺻﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ،ﻓﻼ ﻳﻛﺎﺩ ﻣﻧﺯﻝ ﻳﺧﻠﻭ ﻣﻥ
ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﺑﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﺍﻣﺗﺩ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻗﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺗﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﻧﺳﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ
ﺣﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻳﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﻭﻟﻌﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﺑﺭﺯﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﻼﺑﺱ ،ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﺣﻝ ﻣﺣﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ
ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻁﻊ ﺧﺻﻭﺻﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻛﻣﺎﻟﻳﺎﺕ ﻓﺄﺻﺑﺢ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﻭﺭ ﺍﺑﺗﺩﺍءﺍ ً ﻣﻥ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﺎء ﻭﺻﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﻁﻭﺍﻧﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻣﺟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻭﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺛﺔ ،ﻛﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﻪ
ﻣﻊ ﻣﺭﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺑﺭﺯﺕ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﺗﻡ ﺍﺳﺗﺣﺩﺍﺛﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﺑﻳﺔ ﻟﺣﺟﻡ
ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺯﺍﻳﺩ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﺑﺢ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺩﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﺋﻳﺔ
ﻭﺍﻵﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﻗﻁﻊ ﻏﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺛﺎﺙ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ
ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺷﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﺑﻝ ﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻣﺗﺩ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺑﻌﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﺻﺑﺣﺕ ﺃﻏﻠﺏ
ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﻗﻣﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﺗﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ.
ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺩﺧﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺑﺋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻐﻠﻳﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺳﺣﺏ ﺍﻟﺑﺳﺎﻁ ﻣﻥ ﺗﺣﺕ
ﺍﻟﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻛﺭﺗﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﺻﺑﺢ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺳﻳﺩ
ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺑﺋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻐﻠﻳﻑ
ﻭﻳﺗﺿﺢ ﻟﻧﺎ ﻛﻳﻑ ﺍﻥ ﻟﻠﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﺃﻫﻣﻳﺗﻪ ﻭﻭﺯﻧﻪ ﻭﻛﻳﻑ ﺍﺗﺳﻊ ﻧﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻭﻳﻌﻭﺩ
ﺍﻟﻔﺿﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻧﺗﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻋﻭﺍﻣﻝ ﺃﻫﻣﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺎﻝ ﻻ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﺭ:
-1ﺧﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ :ﻓﺎﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺧﺭﻯ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﻭﻏﻳﺭﻫﺎ ﻳﻌﺗﺑﺭ
ﺧﻔﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﻧﻌﻛﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺭﻛﻳﺏ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺧﻔﺽ ﺍﻟﺗﻛﺎﻟﻳﻳﻑ.
-2ﺍﻟﻠﻳﻭﻧﺔ :ﻓﻳﺗﻣﺗﻊ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﻣﻧﻔﺭﺩﺍ ﺑﻠﻳﻭﻧﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺗﺳﻣﺢ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻛﻳﻝ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺳﺏ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺏ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻔﻳﺯﻳﺎﺋﻳﺔ.
-3ﺍﻧﺧﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻻﺳﻌﺎﺭ :ﻣﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺷﻙ ﻓﻳﻪ ﺍﻥ ﻟﻠﻘﻳﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﻌﺭﻳﺔ ﺣﺟﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﻌﺗﺑﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ
ﻣﻥ ﺍﻛﺛﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺧﻔﺎﺿﺎ ً ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺏ ﺍﻟﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺗﺎﻧﺔ.
-4ﺗﻌﺩﺩ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻋﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻁﺭﻗﻬﺎ ﻣﻣﺎ ﺍﻋﻁﻰ ﺣﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻛﺑﺭ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﺧﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﻋﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺳﺏ ﻧﻭﻋﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ،ﻛﻣﺎ ﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ
ﺑﻣﻳﺯﺓ ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﻔﺎﻓﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻔﻘﺩﻫﺎ ﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﺎﺕ
ﺍﻻﻧﺷﺎﺋﻳﺔ.
ﻫﺫﺓ ﻣﻘﺩﻣﺔ ﻻﺑﺄﺱ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﺩﺍﻳﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﺧﺹ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺇﺧﺗﻳﺎﺭ
ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﻫﻰ ﻭﻅﻳﻔﺔ ﺍ ﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﻭﻁﺑﻳﻌﺔ ﻋﻣﻠﻪ ﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ
ﻟﻠﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻣﺩﻯ ﺍﻻﺣﺗﻳﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺿﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﻧﻭﻋﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﻋﺩﻣﺔ.
ﻭ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺏ ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﺍﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻣﺻﻧﻌﺔ
ﻟﻛﻥ ﻳﻔﺎﺿﻝ ﺑﻳﻧﻬﻣﺎ ﺍﻋﺗﻣﺎﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﻌﺎﺭﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﺓ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻟﻛﻰ ﻳﺗﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻻﺑﺩ ﻣﻥ
ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻛﻳﻔﻳﺔ ﻗﺭﺍءﺓ ﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ.
1.1ﺷﺭﺡ ﻟﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺔ Data sheet
ﻫﻝ ﻣﺭﺕ ﻋﻠﻳﻙ ﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﻁﻠﺑﺕ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺣﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻛﻳﺔ ﺳﻭﺍء ﻋﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻏﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻟﻙ ﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ
ﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺔ ) (datasheetﻁﺑﻌﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻧﻛﺭ ﺃﺣﺩ ﺃﻫﻣﻳﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺔ ) ( datasheet
ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻟﻡ ﺗﻛﻠﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺳﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻧﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻷﻣﻭﺍﻝ
ﻹﻳﺻﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻟﻙ ,ﺍﻵﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﺣﺎﺕ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ ﻭﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﺭﺗﺏ ﻳﺳﻬﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺎﻟﺏ datasheetﺃﻥ ﻳﺣﺻﻝ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ.
ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺔ ﻋﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻣﻠﺧﺹ ﻟﺧﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻳﺯﻳﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﻭﺍﻣﻝ
ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ) ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺗﻧﺎ ...ﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ( ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﻭﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻛﺎﻑ
ﻟﻳﺗﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻬﻧﺩﺱ ﻣﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﻼﺳﺗﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ
ﻟﻠﺭﺟﻭﻉ ﻟﻠﺷﺭﻛﺔ
ﻭﻟﻛﻝ ﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺔ ,ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺣﺻﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻭﺍﺹ ﻓﻲ
ﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺔ ﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻭﺗﺣﺻﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻭﺍﺹ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺎﻗﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺔ ﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ
. ﺣﺗﻰ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺡ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺳﻭﻑ ﻧﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺩﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﺗﺎﺷﻳﺕ ﻛﻌﻳﻧﺔ ﻧﺷﺭﺡ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ
MAGNUM 3404 Smooth
ABS Resin
Overview MAGNUM* 3404 Smooth is an excellent general purpose extrusion / thermoforming resin with
outstanding processability.
The mass (continuous process) ABS technology of Dow ensures an ABS resin that combines
excellent processability with a stable light base colour that is ideal for self-colouring.
The new MAGNUM* 'Smooth Series' resins have an ultra low particulate content, which results
in a superb surface finish that will enable our customers to produce parts with excellent
aesthetics at a lower total cost.
Applications
-Transportation - Protective covers
-Sanitary ware - Marine
-Signage - Recreational vehicles
-Furnishings
Physical Properties(1)
Test Method
SI Units
Melt Flow Rate
ISO 1133
4.7 g/10 min
ISO 1133
6.7 cc/10 min
Density
ISO 1183B
1050 kg/m3
Mold Shrinkage, Flow
ISO 294-4
0.004-0.007 mm/min
ISO 527-2
43 MPa
220°C/10kg
Melt Volume Index
220°C/10kg
Mechanical Properties(2)
Tensile Strength at Yield, 50 mm/min
Tensile Elongation at Yield, 50 mm/min
ISO 527-2
2.7 %
Flexural Strength, 3-points, 2 mm/min
ISO 178
70 MPa
Flexural Modulus, 3-points, 2 mm/min
ISO 178
2100 MPa
Tensile Modulus
ISO 527-2
2150 MPa
Notched Izod Impact
ISO 180/A
19 kJ/m2
23 °C
11 kJ/m2
-30 °C
Notched Charpy Impact
ISO 179-1/1eA
18 kJ/m2
23°C
ISO 179-1/1eA
13 kJ/m2
-30° C
ISO 179/2C (1984)
13 kJ/m2
23°C
ISO 179/2C (1984)
8 kJ/m2
ISO 75-A
101°C
ISO 306-B50
102°C
ISO 3795
50 mm/min
UL 94
HB
-30° C
Thermal Properties
Deflection Temperature Under Load
1.82 MPa (264 psi), annealed
Vicat Softening Point
50°C/hr, 50N
Flammability(3)
Horizontal Burning Speed
2 mm Thickness
Horizontal Burning, 1.5 mm
3 mm
HB
ﻭﺫﻟﻙsections ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺇﻥ ﻟﻛﻝ ﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺣﺗﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﺳﺎﻡ
ﻟﺗﺳﻬﻳﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺟﺩ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺭﻳﺩ ﺑﺳﺭﻋﺔ ﻭﺳﻬﻭﻟﻪ ﻓﻣﺛﻼ ﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺔ ﺩﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﺗﺎﺷﻳﺕ
:ﺗﺣﺗﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﺳﺎﻡ
Applications ‐ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ
Physical properties ‐ﺍﻟﺧﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻔﻳﺯﻳﺎﺋﻳﺔ
Mechanical properties ‐ﺍﻟﺧﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﻛﺎﻧﻳﻛﺔ
‐ﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻛﺎﺋﻥ ﻟﻠﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ Fabrication conditions
‐ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻳﺋﻳﺔ Environment Safety
‐ﺷﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺧﺻﻭﺻﻳﺔ Disclaimer
‐ﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺗﺻﺎﻝ Additional information
ﻁﺑﻌﺎ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺔ ﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺑﺗﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺗﻣﺩﺡ ﻓﻳﻪ ﺑﺈﻧﻪ ﺃﻓﺿﻝ ﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﻳﺻﻠﺢ ﻟﻛﺫﺍ
ﻭﻻﻳﻭﺟﺩ ﺃﺣﺳﻥ ﻣﻧﻪ ﻭﻻﺗﺟﺩ ﻣﺛﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻧﻳﺎ ﻳﺧﺩﻣﻙ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻧﺎ ﺍﻓﺿﻝ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ
ﻹﻧﺗﺎﺟﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺟﻠﻙ
ﻓﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻡ ﻟﻠﻣﻬﻧﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﺹ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺳﻭﻑ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎءﻩ ﺭﺟﻝ
ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻷﻱ ﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺧﺎﻡ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺔ ﻭﻳﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻷﻗﺳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺫﻛﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ
ﻭﻳﻘﺭﺃﻫﺎ ﺑﺗﻣﻌﻥ.
ﻧﺄﺗﻰ ﻟﻘﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ,ﻁﺑﻌﺎ ﻣﻥ ﻋﻧﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺍﻧﺔ ﻫﻭ
ﻗﺳﻡ ﻳﺳﺭﺩ ﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻲ ﻣﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﻧﺗﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻟﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﻟﻳﺳﺕ ﻛﻝ
ﺍﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﺫﻛﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺔ ﻭﻟﻛﻥ ﺳﺗﻼﺣﻅﻭﻥ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻳﺫﻛﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ
ﻣﺎ ﺗﻣﺛﻝ ﻣﺎﺑﻳﻥ % 60-45ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻧﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺗﺭﻏﺏ
ﻓﻲ ﺑﻳﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺃﻛﺑﺭ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺳﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﻭﻑ ﺗﺩﺧﻝ
ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﺭﺑﺢ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ
ﻭﻫﻧﺎﻙ ﻗﺳﻡ ﺁﺧﺭ ﻳﺫﻛﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺭﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺇﺧﺗﺑﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻏﺫﻳﺔ
ﺗﺳﻣﻰ FDA.
ﻭﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﻁﺄ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺗﺟﺩ ﺃﻱ ﻗﺳﻡ ﻳﺣﺗﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺛﻝ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻔﻳﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻣﺻﻧﻊ.
ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﻧﺕ ﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻟﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻧﻅﺭﻟﻠﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻋﻧﺩﻙ ﻫﻝ ﺗﺟﺩ ﺃﻱ ﻗﺳﻡ ﻳﺫﻛﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ
ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺻﺎﻟﺣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻏﺫﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺻﺎﻟﺣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻏﺫﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻻ ﻳﻭﺟﺩ ﻗﺳﻡ ﺃﺻﻼ.
ﻧﺗﻛﻠﻡ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻋﻥ ﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻛﻳﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﺹ ﺑﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ
ﻋﻥ ﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻛﻳﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺗﺧﺗﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻫﻧﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺧﺎﻣﺔ
ﻷﺧﺭﻯ ﻭﻣﻥ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻖ ﻵﺧﺭ.
ﻭﻁﺑﻌﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺃﻗﺻﺩ ﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻛﻳﻧﺎﺕ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ ﺳﻭﻑ ﺗﺧﺗﻠﻑ ﻣﻥ ﺷﺭﻛﺔ
ﻷﺧﺭﻯ ,ﻫﻧﺎﻙ ﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺗﺿﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﺛﻳﺭﺓ ﺟﺩﺍ ﻭﺗﺳﻬﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻧﺩﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ
ﻋﻣﻠﻪ ﻭﺗﺭﻳﺣﻪ ﻭﻫﻧﺎﻙ ﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻁﻳﻙ ﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺔ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻁﺎﺭﺓ .
ﻁﻳﺏ ﻫﻝ ﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻣﺅﻛﺩﺓ ﺇﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻓﺿﻝ ﻟﻠﻣﺎﻛﻳﻧﺔ؟
ﺑﺎﻟﻁﺑﻊ ﻻ ,ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﺗﺑﺭ ﺑﻣﺣﻝ ﻣﺳﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﺩء ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ ﻷﻥ ﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﺃﻭ
ﻣﺻﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺩﺭﻱ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﻭﺃﺣﺟﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻛﻳﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﻐﻝ,
ﻭﻟﻛﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻧﺩﺱ ﺳﻳﺳﺗﻔﻳﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺑﺩء ﻓﻲ ﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻛﻳﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻥ ﺛﻡ ﻋﻣﻝ
ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺩﻳﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﺿﻝ ﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ ﻭﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﺫﻭ ﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﻪ.
ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻳﺋﻳﺔ ,ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺳﻡ ﻳﻧﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﺣﺫﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﻪ
ﻣﺧﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻷﻧﻅﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﺑﻳﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻧﺗﺟﻬﺎ ) ﺻﺩﻳﻖ
ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺋﺔ( ﻭﻟﻳﺱ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻣﺎ ﻳﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺗﺣﻭﻳﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺅﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﺗﻘﻊ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻖ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻭﻳﻠﻲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺧﺎﻟﻑ ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺋﺔ .ﻭﺳﺗﺟﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ
ﺍﻟﻘﺳﻡ ﺑﻌﻧﺎﻭﻳﻥ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺔ ﻷﺧﺭﻯ ﻣﺛﻝ Environment and Health
ﺃﻭ ﺑﺈﺳﻡ product Safetyﻭﻏﻳﺭﻩ.
ﻭﺃﻳﺿﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺳﻡ ﺗﺟﺩ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻣﻼﺣﻅﺎﺕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺻﺎﻟﺣﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ
ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭ ﻟﻶﺩﻣﻲ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻹﺣﺗﻭﺍﺋﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺧﻁﺭﺓ ﻭﺗﺟﺩ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ ﻗﺳﻡ ﻛﻳﻔﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﻣﻊ
ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ
ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻷﻗﺳﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﻗﺻﺩ
Physical propertiesﺍﻟﺧﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻔﻳﺯﻳﺎﺋﻳﺔ ‐
Mechanical propertiesﺍﻟﻣﻳﻛﺎﻧﻳﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﻭﺍﺹ ‐
ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻡ ﻟﻛﻝ ﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻟﻠﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻋﻧﺩﻩ ﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻟﻬﺫﺓ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﻛﻰ
ﺗﺳﺎﻋﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺳﺗﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺷﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻳﺢ
: ﺑﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺗﺷﻐﻳﻠﻬﺎ-1.2
ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ- 1.2.1
ﺍﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ
ﺍﻻﺧﺗﺻﺎﺭ
ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ
1.13‐1.16
PA‐66
Polyamide ‐66
1.16‐1.20
PMMA
Polymethyl Methacrylate
1.20‐1.22
PC
polycarbonate
1.41‐1.43
POM
polyacetal
1.29 ‐ 1.41
PET
Polyethylene Terephthalate
1.30 ‐ 1.38
PBT
Polybutylene Terephthalate
1.19 ‐ 1.35
PPVC
Polyvinyl chloride (soft)
1.38 ‐ 1.41
UPVC
Polyvinyl chloride (rigid)
ﺍﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ
ﺍﻻﺧﺗﺻﺎﺭ
ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ
1.04 ‐ 1.09
GPPS
General purpose polystyrene
1.14 ‐1.20
HIPS
High impact polystyrene
1.01 ‐ 1.08
ABS
Acrylonitrile butadine
styrene
1.06 ‐ 1.10
SAN
Acrylonitrile styrene
0.89‐0.93
LDPE
Low density polyetheylene
0.94‐0.98
HDPE
High density polyetheylene
0.85‐0.92
PP
Polypropylene
1.12‐1.15
PA‐6
Polyamide ‐6
ﻁﺭﻕ ﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ-1.2.2
-1.3ﺍﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ
ﺗﻧﻘﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻛﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺳﻣﻳﻥ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻳﻳﻥ:
ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻛﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻳﺔ Thermoplastic
ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻛﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺻﻠﺑﺔ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﻳﺎThermosetting
-1.3.1ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻛﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻳﺔ ) (Thermoplastic
ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻠﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﻠﺩﻥ )ﺗﻠﻳﻥ( ﺑﺎﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﺛﻧﺎء ﺗﺳﺧﻳﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺗﺻﻠﺏ
ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺑﺭﻳﺩ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻔﻘﺩ ﻟﺩﻭﻧﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﺗﻛﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺳﺧﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺑﺭﻳﺩ ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺷﻛﻳﻠﻬﺎ
ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺭﺓ.
ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻛﺛﺭ ﺍﻧﺗﺷﺎﺭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻟﺩﺍﺋﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ.
ﻣﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻛﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻳﺔ:
-1ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﺛﻠﻳﻥ ): (PE
ﻳﻌﺗﺑﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﺋﻳﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺭﻛﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺿﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻣﺎﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻳﻔﻳﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻥ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ
ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ .ﻭﻳﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻥ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺍﻻﺛﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻘﻁﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﺗﺭﻭﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ
ﺍﻟﻁﺑﻳﻌﻲ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻠﻣﺭﺓ .ﻭﻳﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺭﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺗﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﻟﻭﻧﻪ ﺍﺑﻳﺽ
ﻭﻏﻳﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻝ ﻟﻠﻛﺳﺭ ﻭﺫﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎﺋﻳﺔ–ﻭﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩﺕ ﻛﺛﺎﻓﺗﻪ ﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺧﻭﺍﺹ
ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺻﻼﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ .ﻭﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﻗﻠﺕ ﻛﺛﺎﻓﺗﻪ ﺗﺯﻳﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺷﻘﻘﺎﺕ
ﺍﻻﺟﻬﺎﺩ .ﻭﻳﻧﺗﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺣﺑﻳﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺑﻭﺩﺭﺓ ﻭﺷﺭﺍﺋﻁ ﻭﺃﻧﺎﺑﻳﺏ ﻭﺭﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻳﺟﻌﻠﻪ
ﺳﻬﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻘﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﺛﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻧﻔﺦ.
ﺑﻌﺽ ﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﺛﻠﻳﻥ )ﺍﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻲ(:
ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻝ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺯﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﺎﺑﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎء
ﻭﺃﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻘﺎﺋﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﻛﻳﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺭﻳﺭ ﻭﻛﺅﻭﺱ )ﻛﺎﺳﺎﺕ( ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺏ ﻭﺭﻗﺎﺋﻖ
ﺍﻟﺗﻐﻠﻳﻑ –ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺳﻳﺭ –ﺍﻟﺧﺭﺍﻁﻳﻡ -ﻣﻭﺍﺳﻳﺭ ﺗﻭﺻﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ –ﺃﻛﻳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺋﻳﺔ .
ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺛﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﺗﺭﻓﺗﺎﻟﻳﺕ PETﻋﺑﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻧﺔ.
ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺛﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ HDPEﻋﺑﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺔ .
ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺛﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺽ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ LDPEﺃﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﻛﻳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺳﻣﻳﻛﺔ .
-2ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺭﻭﺑﻠﻳﻥ ): (PP
ﻳﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻥ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻭﺑﻠﻳﻥ ﻭﻳﻌﺗﺑﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺗﻧﺞ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻳﻔﻳﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ
ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﺯﻳﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﻔﻁ ،ﻟﻭﻧﻪ ﺃﺑﻳﺽ ﻭﻳﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺗﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺭﻭﻧﺔ ﺻﻠﺏ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺧﻑ
ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ )ﻳﻁﻔﻭ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء( -ﻭﻫﻭ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﺣﺩﻭﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻟﺏ
ﺳﻭﺍء ﺑﺎﻟﺣﻘﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻧﻔﺦ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻛﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺑﺛﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺃﻟﻭﺍﺡ ،ﺃﻓﻼﻡ
ﻭﺃﻧﺎﺑﻳﺏ ﻭﺃﺳﻼﻙ ﻭﺧﻳﻭﻁ ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﺷﻐﻳﻠﻪ ﺑﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ.
ﺑﻌﺽ ﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺭﻭﺑﻠﻳﻥ:
ﺣﻘﺎﺋﺏ ﺍﻟﺳﻔﺭ ،ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ،ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺭﻳﺭ ،ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺯﻟﻳﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻭﺭ ،ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺳﻳﺭ،
ﻏﺳﺎﻻﺕ،ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻌﺎﻡ ،ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ،ﻋﺑﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺔ ،ﺍﻷﺟﺯﺍء
ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻳﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﺻﻧﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻐﻠﻳﻑ.
-3ﺑﻭﻟﻲ ﻛﻠﻭﺭﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻳﻧﻳﻝPVC
PVCﻳﻧﺗﺞ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻠﻭﺭﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﺩﺭﻭﺟﻳﻥ ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻧﺗﺞ ﻛﻣﻭﺍﺩ
ﻣﺗﻳﻧﺔ ﺻﻠﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﺭﻯ ﻟﻳﻧﺔ ﻣﺭﻧﺔ ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﺭﻛﻳﺑﻪ ﻟﻳﻌﻁﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻭﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺗﺞ
ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ،ﻭﻳﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﺑﺷﻣﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﻭﺍﺹ ﻭﻏﻳﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻝ ﻟﻼﺣﺗﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﻟﻭﻧﻪ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ ﻣﻊ ﺯﺭﻗﺔ
ﻣﻥ ﺧﻭﺍﺻﻪ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺗﺎﺯﺓ ﻟﻠﻣﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﻛﻳﻣﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻟﻠﻌﻭﺍﻣﻝ
ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺧﺩﺵ.
ﺑﻌﺽ ﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻲ ﻛﻠﻭﺭﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻳﻧﻳﻝ:
ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻳﺔ )ﺍﺛﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﻭﻛﻠﻭﺭﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﺩﺭﻭﺟﻳﻥ ( ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ PVCﺍﻟﺻﻠﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ
ﺃﻧﺎﺑﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ –ﺑﻳﻧﻣﺎ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ PVCﺍﻟﻠﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ ﺭﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﺟﻠﺩ
ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻐﻁﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﻋﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻛﺎﺗﺏ،ﺳﺗﺎﺋﺭ
ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻡ،ﻣﻌﺎﻁﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﺭ،ﻭﺃﻗﻣﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﺟﻳﺩ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻐﻁﻳﺔ ﺃﺳﻼﻙ
ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎء،ﺍﻟﺗﻐﻠﻳﻑ ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺭﻳﺭ ﻭﻋﺑﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺻﻔﺔ .ﻭﻳﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﺑﻁﺭﻕ
ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻟﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺑﺛﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻘﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻧﻔﺦ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ.
-4ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻲ ﺳﺗﻳﺭﻳﻥ PS
ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﺍﻳﺛﻠﻳﻥ ﻭﺑﻧﺯﻭﻝ ﻭﻳﺳﺗﺧﻠﺹ ﺍﻻﻳﺛﻠﻳﻥ ﺑﺗﻘﻁﻳﺭ ﺯﻳﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﻔﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ
ﺍﻟﻁﺑﻳﻌﻲ ﻭﻳﺳﺗﺧﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﺯﻭﻝ ﻣﻥ ﻗﻁﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺣﻡ ﺍﻟﺣﺟﺭﻱ -ﻳﻌﺗﺑﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻟﻸﺣﻣﺎﺽ
ﻭﺍﻟﺯﻳﻭﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺣﻭﻡ ﻟﻭﻧﻪ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ ﻻﻁﻌﻡ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻻﺭﺍﺋﺣﻪ ﻭﻳﺗﻌﺟﻥ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ْ 100ﻡ
ﻭﻳﺻﺑﺢ ﻣﺻﻬﻭﺭﺍ ﻟﺯﺟﺎ ﺑﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ْ 185ﻡ – ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺗﻪ ﻟﻠﺗﺂﻛﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺟﻳﺩﻩ
ﻭﺳﻬﻝ ﺍﻟﻛﺳﺭ -ﻭﻣﻥ ﻣﻣﻳﺯﺍﺗﻪ :ﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻟﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺷﻛﻳﻝ –ﺷﻔﺎﻑ ﻭﺧﻔﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ –
ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﻠﻭﻳﻧﻪ – ﻭﻳﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﺑﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺣﻘﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﺛﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻧﻔﺦ .ﻭﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﺳﺗﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ
ﻟﻺﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻛﻣﻲ ﻟﻸﺷﻳﺎء ﺭﺧﻳﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﻣﻥ.
ﺑﻌﺽ ﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻲ ﺳﺗﻳﺭﻳﻥ :ﻋﻭﺍﺯﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺻﻭﺕ -ﻓﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺎﺋﻖ -ﺍﻷﻟﻌﺎﺏ –
ﺃﻛﻭﺍﺏ – ﺃﻁﺑﺎﻕ ﺻﺣﻭﻥ )ﺍﻟﻭﺟﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺳﺭﻳﻌﺔ ( – ﻗﻭﺍﺭﻳﺭ.
-5ﺍﻟﻧﺎﻳﻠﻭﻥ PA :
ﻛﺮﺍﺳﻲ
ﺃﺣﺬﻳﺔ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ
ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ
ﺃﺟﺬﺍء ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ
ﺃﺟﺬﺍء ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻁﺒﻴﺔ
ﺷﻔﺎﻑ ﻋﺩﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﻠﻭﻳﻧﻪ ﺑﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ ،ﻭﻳﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﺑﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ
ﻭﺍﻟﻛﻳﻣﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻟﻠﺻﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺳﻬﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻛﻳﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ.
ﺑﻌﺽ ﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﻳﻠﻭﻥ:ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﺟﺯﺍء ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺯﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﻛﻳﻧﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺣﻼﻗﺔ ﻭﺃﻏﻁﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻣﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺳﻳﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﺷﻔﺎﻓﻳﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺟﻠﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺧﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺷﺎﻁ
ﻭﺧﻳﻭﻁ ﺷﺑﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺻﻳﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻧﺳﻭﺟﺎﺕ ﻭﺧﻳﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻣﻼﺑﺱ.ﻭﻛﺭﺍﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺭﻭﺱ
ﻭﺍﻟﺻﻣﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺎﺑﻳﺏ ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﺑﺦ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﻧﻁ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻅﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺑﻭﻁ
ﻭﺍﻟﺣﺑﺎﻝ.
-6ﺑﻭﻟﻲ ﻛﺭﺑﻭﻧﺎﺕ : PC
ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﺭﺍﺕ
ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻁﺒﻴﺔ
ﺍﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ
ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻻﺻﻘﺔ
ﺍﺟﺬﺍء ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ
ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻰ
ﺍﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻧﺎﺭﺓ
ﺍﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻴﺔ
ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ
) (PCﻟﻭﻧﻪ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ ﻭﻳﺗﺣﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﺻﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺣﺗﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﻫﻭﻋﺿﻭ ﻣﻥ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻲ
ﺳﺗﻳﺭﻳﻥ ﻭﻳﺣﺗﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻧﺻﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﺑﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻛﺳﺟﻳﻥ ﻭﻳﻌﺗﺑﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ
ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﻣﺗﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﻳﻭﺟﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺑﻭﺩﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺑﻳﺑﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻔﺎﺋﺢ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﺷﻛﻳﻝ
ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﻘﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻧﻔﺦ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﺛﻖ.
ﺑﻌﺽ ﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻲ ﻛﺭﺑﻭﻧﺎﺕ:
ﻓﻭﺍﻧﻳﺱ ﺍﻹﺿﺎءﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺷﻭﺍﺭﻉ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﻔﺎﺫﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺿﻭء ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻛﺳﺭ
ﻛﺎﻟﺯﺟﺎﺝ ،ﺃﻗﻧﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺻﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﺭﺍﻛﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺭﻳﺔ ،ﺃﻏﻁﻳﺔ
ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻭﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎء ،ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﻣﺳﻳﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺭﻳﺭ ﻓﺗﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﻳﺔ ،ﺗﺭﺍﻣﺱ
ﺍﻟﻘﻬﻭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻳﺎﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻛﻳﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺎﻛﻳﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻼﻗﺔ.
)PP clarified -7ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﻔﺎﻓﻳﺔ(
PPﺑﻁﺑﻳﻌﺗﻪ ﺷﺑﻪ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ ﻭﻟﻛﻧﻪ ﺃﺻﺑﺢ ﺷﺩﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﻔﺎﻓﻳﺔ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺳﻣﻬﺎ
Millad 3988ﺃﺻﺑﺢ ﻣﻧﺎﻓﺱ ﻗﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺑﻁﺑﻳﻌﺗﻬﺎ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ PCﻭ
PMMAﻭ PS,ﻭﺍﻟﺳﺑﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺭﻭﺑﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺷﻔﺎﻓﻳﺔ ﺃﻗﻝ ﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ
ﻭﺳﻬﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ ﻛﺣﻘﻥ ﻭﻧﻔﺦ ﻭﺭﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﺃﻗﻝ ﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﻌﻁﻳﻪ
ﺧﺎﺻﻳﺔ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻭﺳﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺎﺝ .
ﺣﺗﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺑﻛﺛﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺑﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﺩﺩﺓ multilayer
ﻭlaminations.
ﻣﻥ ﺃﻣﺛﻠﺔclarified PP:
Desired Property
PET
PS
PVC
HDPE
PC
Glass
o
o
o
++
o
o
Cost/Unit Volume
++
+
+
o
++
+
Hot Filling Capacity
++
++
++
++
o
o
Moisture/Vapor Barrier
+
++
+
o
++
-
See Through Transparency and Gloss
++
++
o
++
+
++
Lower Density
-
o
+
+
o
+
Taste & Odor Transfer Properties
++
-
-
-
++
+
Drop Impact Strength
++
o
o
o
++
o
Flexibility
-
-
+
-
-
-
Stiffness
o
o
o
++
+
+
Chemical resistance
-
o
-
-
o
-
Oxygen Barrier
-
++
++
++
++
++
Microwavability
)Much Better (++), Better (+), Comparable (o), Worse (-
-8ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺑﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﺛﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺽ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ ﻭ ﺑﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﺛﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﺧﻁﻰ ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺽ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ.
ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﺛﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺽ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ ) (LDPEﻳﺻﻧﻊ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺿﻐﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻰ (
)autoclave or tubular reactorsﻭﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﻻﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻧﻳﻣﺭ
ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺎﺣﺏ ) (comonomerﻓﻌﻠﻳﻪ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺎﺋﻰ ﺑﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﺛﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﺫﻭ ﺗﺭﻛﻳﺑﻪ
ﺑﻠﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﺷﻭﺍﺋﻳﺔﻟﻠﺳﻼﺳﻝ ﻭﺗﻭﺯﻳﻊ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺟﺯﻳﺋﻰ ﻣﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺿﻳﻖ ﺣﺳﺏ
ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻌﻣﻠﺔ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻛﻳﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺑﻠﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﻭﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﺗﺳﺎﻋﺩ ﻛﺛﻳﺭﺍ ﻓﻰ ﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ
ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺎﺋﻰ ﺩﺍﺧﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﺍﺛﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺣﺗﻔﺎﻅ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺗﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺻﻬﺭﺓ
melt strengthﻭﺍﻋﻁﺎء ﺧﺎﺻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﻔﺎﻓﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻠﺷﺭﺍﺋﻁ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ
ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺍﺋﻁ ﺍﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﺻﻧﻑ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﺑﻳﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﺟﺎﺟﻳﺔ ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺣﺟﻡ.
ﺍﻣﺎ ﻓﻳﻣﺎ ﻳﺧﺹ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﺛﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﺧﻁﻰ ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺽ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ ) (LLDPEﻓﻬﻭ ﻳﺻﻧﻊ ﺑﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ
ﺍﻟﺿﻐﻁ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺧﻔﺽ ﻟﻠﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﻯ ) ( low pressure gas phaseﻣﺛﻝ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ
Unipol Processﻟﺷﺭﻛﺗﻰ ﻳﻭﻧﻳﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺎﻳﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺭﻛﺔ BPﺍﻭ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻠﻭﻝ (
) Solution Processﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺩﺍﻭ ﻛﻳﻣﻳﻛﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﻣﺭﻳﻛﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﻳﺗﻡ
ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻧﻳﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺎﺣﺏ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﻭﺗﻳﻥ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻬﻛﺳﻳﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺿﻐﻁ
ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺧﻔﺽ ﻟﻠﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﻯ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﻭﺗﻳﻥ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻬﻛﺳﻳﻥ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻻﻭﻛﺗﻳﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ
ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻠﻭﻝ ﻓﻔﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺟﻣﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﻧﺗﺣﺻﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻼﺳﻼ ﺧﻁﻳﺔ) ﻣﻧﺗﻅﻣﺔ( ﻟﻠﺑﻭﻟﻰ
ﺍﺛﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺗﻔﺭﻋﺎﺕ ﺻﻐﻳﺭﻩ ﻟﻠﻣﻭﻧﻳﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺎﺣﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺑﻰ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺳﻼﺳﻝ
ﻭﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻧﺗﺣﺻﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﺛﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﺧﻁﻰ ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺽ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ ﺫﻭ ﻣﺗﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺟﺩﺍ
ﺍﻯ ﺍﻋﻼ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﺛﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺧﻔﺽ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔﻧﺗﻳﺟﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻭﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﺯﻳﺋﻰ ﺍﻟﺿﻳﻖ
ﺟﺩﺍ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺗﺭﺗﺏ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﺻﻌﻭﺑﻪ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺎﺋﻰ ﻟﻠﺷﺭﺍﺋﻁ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﺍﺛﻖ
ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺗﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﺍﺩﻯ ﺍﻻﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺗﺻﻣﻳﻡ ﺑﻭﺍﺛﻖ ﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ ﻟﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ ﺷﺭﺍﺋﻁ ﻣﺗﻳﻧﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ
ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﺛﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﺧﻁﻰ ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺽ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺍﺋﻁ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻛﻳﺎﺱ
POM -9
ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ
ﺍﺟﺬﺍء ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ
ﺍﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻁﺒﻴﺔ
ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻴﺔ
ﻫﻭ ﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﺃﺑﻳﺽ ﻣﻌﺗﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﻪ ﻭﻣﻥ ﺃﻗﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﺻﻠﺏ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻱ
ﻳﺟﻣﻊ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋﺹ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﻛﺎﻧﻳﻛﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎﺋﻳﻪ ﻭﺧﺻﺎﺋﺻﻪ ﺗﺷﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﻳﻠﻭﻥ ) ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻲ
ﺃﻣﻳﺩ( ﻭﻟﻛﻧﻪ
ﻳﻣﺗﺹ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﺑﺻﻭﺭﻩ ﺃﻗﻝ ﻛﺛﻳﺭﺍ ﻣﻧﻪ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺗﻪ ﺃﻋﻠﻲ -ﻭﻳﻣﺗﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﻥ
ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺍﺣﺗﻛﺎﻛﻪ ﻭﻗﺩﺭﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻣﺗﺻﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﻭﺑﻪ ﺍﻗﻝ -ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﻘﺭﺍﺭ
ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻣﺗﺎﺯ -ﻳﺗﺣﻣﻝ ﺳﺧﻭﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﻋﻧﺩ 115ﻣﺋﻭﻳﻪ -ﺑﻁﺊ ﺍﻻﺣﺗﺭﺍﻕ -ﺧﺻﺎﺋﺻﻪ
ﺗﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻣﻁﻠﻭﺑﺎ ﻟﻼﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻧﺩﺳﻳﻪ ﺣﻳﺙ ﺍﺳﺗﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻩ -ﻣﻔﻳﺩ ﺟﺩﺍ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ
ﺍﺟﺯﺍء ﺫﺍﺕ ﻧﺳﺑﻪ ﺗﺟﺎﻭﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﺗﻘﺎﺭﺑﻪ.
ﻳﺗﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻻﺳﻳﺗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻫﻳﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺡ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻣﺩﺍﻥ ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﻪ ﻟﻠﺗﺷﻛﻳﻝ ﻭﻣﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻛﻳﻝ
ﺍﺳﻁﻭﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍء ﻭﺭﻳﺵ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﻭﻣﺭﻭﺣﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻓﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﺧﺎﺕ ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ
ﻓﻲ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﻪ ﺍﻻﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻳﻪ
ﻣﻥ ﺃﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﻳﺗﺎﻝ = )ﺍﻟﺩﻟﺭﻳﻥ( ﻭﻫﻭ
ﺃﺳﻬﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ ﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺧﺻﺎﺋﺻﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﻛﺎﻧﻳﻛﻳﻪ ﻋﺩﺍ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺗﻪ ﻟﻠﻣﺎء ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺧﻥ
ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻭﺍﺋﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻭﻳﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﺍﻻﻓﺿﻝ
ﻓﻳﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﺟﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﺩ 68ﻧﻳﻭﺗﻥ ﻟﻛﻝ ﻣﻠﻣﺗﺭ ﻣﺭﺑﻊ
ﺍﻟﺩﻟﺭﻳﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﻭﺩ ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺏ ﺗﻣﺎﻣﺎ ﻟﻼﺷﻳﺎء ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺷﻣﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﺩﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺗﺎﺯ ﻟﺳﺑﻳﻛﻪ
ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻭﻧﺯ ﺍﻟﻔﺳﻔﻭﺭﻱ
ﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﺻﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺟﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺩﻳﻪ
ﻟﺫﺍ ﺗﺗﻣﺗﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﻳﻣﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻠﺯﻭﻧﻳﻪ ﺑﻣﻌﺩﻝ ﺗﺣﻣﻝ ﻣﻣﺎﺛﻝ ﺗﻣﺎﻣﺎ ﻟﻣﺛﻳﻠﻬﺎ
ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺣﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﺻﻔﺭ
ﻭﺷﻛﻝ ﺍﺧﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﻳﺗﺎﻝ ﻭﻫﻭ = )ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻭﺭﺍﻛﻭﻥ ( ﻭﻳﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺻﺏ
ﺑﺎﻟﺣﻘﻥ
‐ 10ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﺑﻳﻥ PE & PP
ﺑﺎﺧﺗﺻﺎﺭ ﺷﺩﻳﺩ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﺛﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﺗﻌﺗﻣﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺎﺻﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺻﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﻳﺔ
ﺍﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻯ ﺗﺗﻭﺍﺟﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺩﺓ ﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﺛﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻓﻰ
ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻧﺔ ﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﺛﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺽ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﺛﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﺭﺩﻯ
ﺍﻟﺷﻔﺎﻓﻳﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﺭﻭﺑﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺗﻭﺍﺟﺩ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺻﻠﺩﺓ ﺍﻯ ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ
ﻻ ﻳﻭﺟﺩ ﺗﺳﻣﻳﺔ ﺑﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﺭﻭﺑﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺑﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﺭﻭﺑﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺽ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ ﻭ
ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﻌﺗﻣﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺎﺻﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺻﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺧﺎﺻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺗﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ
ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﺭﻭﺑﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﺑﺧﺎﺻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﻔﺎﻓﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻳﺗﻡ ﻣﺷﺎﻫﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺷﻳﺎء ﺍﻟﻣﻐﻠﻔﺔ
ﺑﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﺭﻭﺑﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﺑﻭﺿﻭﺡ ﻭﻣﺛﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺗﻐﻠﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﺣﻠﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﻣﻳﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻝ ﻭﻋﺎء
ﻣﺣﻘﻭﻥ ﺑﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﺭﻭﺑﻳﻠﻳﻥ
ﻭﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻝ PPﺑﺎﻟﺧﺩﺵ ﻻﺗﻧﺟﺭﺡ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺗﺄﺛﺭ ﻭﻟﻛﻥ ﺍﻝ Peﺗﺗﺄﺛﺭ ﻭﻳﻅﻬﺭ ﻣﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﺵ
ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺳﻬﻝ ﻭﻭﺍﺿﺢ.
ﺍﻳﺿﺎ ﺑﺛﻧﻰ ﻗﻁﻌﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻝ Ppﻭﺗﺭﻛﺗﻬﺎ ﺗﺭﺗﺩ ﻣﻛﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺭﺓ ﺍﺧﻰ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻟﻠﻣﺭﻭﻧﺔ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻌﻛﺱ ﺍﻝPe .
-1.3.2ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻛﻳﺔ) ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺻﻠﺑﺔ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﻳﺎ( : Thermosetting
ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﺻﻠﺏ ﻭﺗﺗﺷﻛﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺿﻐﻁ ،ﻭﺗﺣﺗﻔﻅ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﺩﺍﺋﻥ ﺑﺻﻼﺩﺗﻬﺎ ﺣﺗﻰ
ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﺳﺧﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻼﺣﻖ ﻭﻋﻧﺩ ﺗﺳﺧﻳﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺗﺗﻔﺣﻡ ﻭﺗﺗﻛﺳﺭ ﻣﻛﻭﻧﺔ
ﺃﺑﺧﺭﺓ ﺳﻭﺩﺍء ﻭﻻ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺷﻛﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺭﺓ ﻣﺛﻝ:
-1ﺍﻟﻔﻳﻧﻭﻝ ﻓﻭﺭﻣﺎﻟﺩﻫﻳﺩ -2ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻳﺳﺗﺭ -3ﺭﺍﺗﻧﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﻠﻳﻛﻭﻥ .ﻭﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻳﻛﻭﻧﺎﺕ
ﻓﻲ ﺷﺣﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺯﻳﻳﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺯﻟﻳﻖ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺇﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﻭﺭﻧﻳﺷﺎﺕ ﻭﺻﻣﻭﻍ ﻋﺎﺯﻟﺔ ﺗﺗﺻﻠﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ
ﻭﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻟﻠﺗﻐﻁﻳﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺎﺋﻖ .
ﻣﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻛﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺻﻠﺑﺔ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﻳﺎ:
-1ﺍﻟﻔﻳﻧﻭﻝ ﻓﻭﺭﻣﺎﻟﺩﻫﻳﺩ )( PF
ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺑﻭﺩﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻔﺎﺋﺢ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺃﻟﻭﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺗﻣﺔ.
ﻭﻳﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺗﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺻﻼﺑﺔ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ.
ﻭﻳﺻﻧﻊ ﺑﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﻗﻭﺍﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺿﻐﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻧﻘﻝ.
ﺑﻌﺽ ﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻳﻧﻭﻝ ﻓﻭﺭﻣﺎﻟﺩﻫﻳﺩ :ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻑ ،ﻣﻘﺎﺑﺽ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ،ﻭﺍﻷﺟﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺯﻟﻳﺔ،
ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻳﺢ ﺍﻹﺿﺎءﺓ ،ﻗﻣﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻣﻝ،ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻳﺢ ﺍﻹﺿﺎءﺓ.
-2ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻳﺳﺗﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺻﻠﺏ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﻳﺎ)(PTE
ﻳﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻥ ﺑﻠﻣﺭﺓ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻛﺣﻭﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﻣﺎﺽ ﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎ ﺷﺭﺍﺋﻁ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻳﺳﺗﺭ،ﻭﻳﻣﺯﺝ ﻣﻊ
ﺍﻷﻟﻳﺎﻑ ﻟﻳﻧﺗﺞ ﻣﺎﻳﺳﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻳﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺯﺟﺎﺟﻳﺔ.
ﺑﻌﺽ ﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻳﺳﺗﺭ:
ﻣﻥ ﺍﻛﺑﺭ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻟﻭﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﻳﺑﺭ ﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺎﺋﻘﻳﺔ
)ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺯﺟﺎﺟﻳﺔ( ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺩﺧﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﻘﺎﺋﺏ ﺍﻟﺛﻣﻳﻧﺔ،ﻣﻛﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺃﺟﺳﺎﻡ
ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺋﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺭﺍﺕ ،ﻭ ﺗﺻﻧﻊ ﺣﺑﻳﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻳﺳﺗﺭ ﺑﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﻘﻥ ﻹﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﻧﺎﻗﻝ
ﺍﻟﺳﺭﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺯﻉ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﻲ.
-1.4ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺟﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻳﺔ
* -ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻡ ﻋﻧﺩ ﻣﺻﻧﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻧﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﻓﺱ
ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻣﺣﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺇﻳﺟﺎﺩ ﻁﺭﻕ ﻟﻛﺳﺏ ﺍﻟﺳﻭﻕ
ﺑﺎﻟﺧﺑﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﺩﻳﻙ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻖ
ﺷﻛﻝ ﺣﺑﻳﺑﺗﻬﺎ ) ﻟﻛﻝ ﺣﺑﻳﺑﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺷﻛﻝ ﻫﻧﺩﺳﻰ ﻣﻌﻳﻥ ﺑﻬﺎ ( – ﻣﻠﻣﺳﻬﺎ – ﺭﻧﺔ
ﺻﻭﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺗﺟﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻁﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺟﺳﻡ ﺻﻠﺏ ﺛﺎﺑﺕ.
* -ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻐﻁﺱ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻗﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﻓﻰ
ﺍﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻳﺛﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﺭﻭﺑﻭﻟﻳﻥ ﻫﺎﺗﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺗﻳﻥ ﺗﺳﺑﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺎء.
* -ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻖ ﻟﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺏ ﺍﺛﻧﺎء ﺍﺷﺗﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺑﺔ ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻠﻛﻝ
ﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻭﻥ ﻟﻬﺏ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﻬﺎ
ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺗﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻥ ﻟﻬﺏ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﻟﻧﺎ ﻣﺳﺑﻘﺎ ﻭﻧﺭﻛﺯ ﻓﻰ
ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﻟﻭﻥ ﻛﻝ ﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ﻳﺻﺑﺢ ﻟﺩﻳﻧﺎ ﻣﺧﺯﻭﻥ ﻣﻌﺭﻓﻰ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺏ
ﻟﻠﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺟﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﺩﻳﻧﺎ
) ﻫﻧﺩﺳﺔ ﻋﻛﺳﻳﺔ ( ﻭﻫﺫﺓ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻁﺔ ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺟﺭﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻛﺭﺍﺭ.
* -ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺟﻌﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻳﺔ ﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ ﻣﺛﻼ ﻛﻝ ﻛﺑﺎﺋﻥ
ﺍﻟﺗﻠﻔﺯﻳﻭﻥ ﻋﺎﻟﻣﻳﺎ ﺗﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻥ PS & ABSﻛﻝ ﺍﺭﻓﻑ ﺍﻟﺛﻼﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ﺗﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻥ
SANﻛﻝ ﻛﺭﺍﺳﻰ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺭﺍﺑﻳﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻥ PPﻛﻝ ﺗﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻛﺔ
ﺍﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﺗﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻥ POMﻛﻝ ﺻﻧﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻁﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺳﻣﻙ ﻭﺻﻧﺎﺩﻳﻖ
ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻛﻬﺔ ﺗﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻥ PEﻭﻫﻛﺫﺍ ﺑﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺻﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻰ ﻳﺳﻬﻝ ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ.
ﻫﻧﺎ ﺳﻭﻑ ﺃﺷﺭﺡ ﻭﺑﺈﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﻲ ) ﻻﺗﺣﺗﺎﺝ ﻟﺧﺑﺭﺓ (
ﻭﺑﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎء ﻋﻧﺎﺻﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﻟﻠﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﻟﻠﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ
ﻭ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻧﺯﻳﺩ ﺍﻳﺿﺎ ﺑﻸﺗﻰ ﻟﻠﺗﻘﺭﻳﺏ -:
ﺍﻭﻻ:
ﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﺃﺻﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻝ ﻫﻲ thermoplasticﺃﻭ thermo sets,ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺑﻭﺿﻊ
ﺳﺑﻳﻛﺔ ﻟﺣﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﺧﻧﺔ ﺗﺻﻝ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺑﺎ 260ﺩﺭﺣﺔ ﻣﺋﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺭﺏ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻧﺔ
ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻧﻭﻋﻬﺎ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺻﺑﺣﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻧﺔ ﻁﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﺗﻛﻭﻥ thermoplasticﻭﺇﻥ ﻟﻡ
ﺗﺗﻐﻳﺭ ﻓﺗﻛﻭﻥ . Thermo set
ﺛﺎﻧﻳﺎ:
ﻧﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺏ ﻭﻳﻔﺿﻝ ﺑﻧﺯﻥ Bunsenﻟﻳﺱ ﻟﻠﻬﺑﻪ ﻟﻭﻥ ,ﺃﻭ ﻋﻭﺩ ﺛﻘﺎﺏ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ
ﻻﻳﻭﺟﺩ ﺑﻧﺯﻥ .
ﻭﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺑﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻧﺑﺣﺙ ﻋﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺣﺗﻰ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﺳﺗﻌﺩ ,ﺣﺿﺭ ﻭﺭﻗﻪ ﻭﻓﻳﻬﺎ
ﺍﻟﻣﻼﺣﻅﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻳﺔ:
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
ﻫﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺷﺗﻌﻝ؟
.ﻣﺎﻫﻭ ﻟﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺏ.
ﻫﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺍﺋﺣﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﻧﻭﻋﻬﺎ؟
ﻫﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻘﻁﺭ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺷﺗﻌﺎﻝ?
ﻣﺎﻫﻭ ﻟﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺧﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺋﺞ ؟
ﻫﻝ ﺗﻧﻁﻔﺊ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻧﻔﺳﻬﺎ ﺃﻡ ﺗﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺷﺗﻌﺎﻝ؟
ﻫﻝ ﺗﺷﺗﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﺳﺭﻋﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺑﺑﻁء؟
ﻫﻝ ﻳﺗﻁﺎﻳﺭ ﺭﺫﺍﺫ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﺷﺗﻌﺎﻝ ﺃﻡ ﻻ؟
ﺍﻵﻥ ﻟﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﺎﺭﻥ ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﻼﺣﻅﺎﺗﻙ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺟﻣﻌﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ.
ﻁﺑﻌﺎ ﻟﺗﺗﻣﻛﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﻗﺭﻳﺑﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﻳﺗﻁﻠﺏ
ﺍﻟﺗﺩﺭﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻌﺭﻭﻓﻪ ﻟﺩﻳﻙ ﻭﺗﻁﺑﻳﻖ ﻣﺎﺳﺑﻖ ﻣﻥ ﺷﺭﺡ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ.
ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻧﺗﺑﻪ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺭﺑﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺧﺗﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺧﻁﻭﺍﺕ
ﻭﺣﻳﺙ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﺑﻪ ﻟﺳﻼﻣﺗﻙ ﺃﻭﻻ .ﻣﺛﻼ ﻗﻁﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻛﻳﺔ ﻣﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﻧﻪ
ﺟﺩﺍ ﻭﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺳﺑﺏ ﺣﺭﻕ ﻟﻠﺟﺳﻡ ﻭﺭﺑﻣﺎ ﺗﻠﺗﺻﻖ ﺑﻪ .ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺑﺎﻩ ﺣﻳﺙ
ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺧﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺗﺗﻁﻠﺏ ﺷﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺧﺎﻥ ﻟﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺧﻁﺭﺓ ﻷﻥ
ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺗﺣﺗﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺭﻛﺑﺎﺕ ﺗﻁﻠﻖ ﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺛﻝ formaldehyde.
ﻭﻫﺎﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺗﺔ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺟﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺔ ﻭﺑﻌﺩ
ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺑﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺑﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺗﻭﻓﻳﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺻﺩﺭ
ﻭﺑﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻧﺧﺗﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺣﺳﻥ ﺳﻌﺭﺍ ﻣﻥ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺎﺣﺔ ﻭﻟﻛﻥ ﻓﻰ ﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻻﺕ
ﻻﺑﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺗﺟﺭﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﺗﺧﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺍء
ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﻭﺟﺩ ﻣﺭﺍﻛﺯ ﻣﺗﺧﺻﺻﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺗﺣﻠﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺛﻝ ﻣﺭﻛﺯ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺯﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺑﻳﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ
ﻟﺗﺣﻠﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻭ ﻁﻼء ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ
ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﻭﺟﺩ ﻣﺭﻛﺯ ﺗﻛﻧﻭﻟﻭﺟﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﻛﻧﺩﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﺗﺣﻠﻳﻝ ﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ.
ﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻭﺍﺣﺩﺗﻬﺎ
Material
name
S.G Tens TEB Flex CTE
HDT
Tmax
1.04 6500
25 11000 5.3
215°F
140°F
‐‐
H‐B
‐‐
1.41 9500
30 12000 5.4
220°F
180°F
1.6
H‐B
420
Delrin (acetal
homopolymer) 1.41 11000 30 13000 4.7
250°F
180°F
2.5
H‐B
450
ABS
Acetal
(copolymer)
Acrylic
Celazole PBI
CPVC
Duratron XP
Ertalyte PET‐P
DiST
1.18 9000
2
14000 7.0
160°F
180°F
3.9
‐‐
400
1.30 23000
3
32000 1.3
800°F
650°F
2.8
V‐0
550
1.52 8200
27 15000 3.7
217°F
200°F
1.0
V‐0
1250
1.40 16000
4
20000 2.7
680°F
580°F
1.5
V‐0
700
1.41 12400 20 18000 3.3
240°F
210°F
2.0
H‐B
385
Fluorosint 500
2.32 1100
PTFE
Halar ECTFE
Tcon UL94
10
1.68 7000 200
2200
2.4
270°F
500°F
5.3
V‐0
275
‐‐
5.6
240°F
300°F
1.1
V‐0
500
Hydex 4101
PBT‐P
1.31 9400
50 11600 4.5
200°F
221°F
‐‐
H‐B
410
Hydex 4101L
PBT‐P
1.36 7200
40 10600 5.0
195°F
221°F
‐‐
H‐B
‐‐
1.16 16000
4
23000 1.6
470°F
300°F
‐‐
‐‐
‐‐
Ketron HPV
(bearing PEEK) 1.44 11000
2
27500 1.7
383°F
482°F
1.7
V‐0
‐‐
Hydlar Z
Kynar PVDF
1.77 6300
50
9700
6.6
230°F
300°F
1.2
V‐0
1700
2.52
‐‐
13600 5.2
240°F
1832°F
10.1
‐‐
1000
MC901 Nylon
1.15 12000 20 16000 3.5
6 (cast)
200°F
260°F
1.7
H‐B
500
Macor MG
Ceramic
Noryl PPO
(unfilled)
‐‐
1.08 9600
30 13500 3.3
265°F
275°F
‐‐
V‐0
500
1.36 17800
‐‐
20000 1.4
220°F
220°F
‐‐
V‐0
530
1.16 12500 25 17000 4.0
200°F
220°F
1.7
V‐2
350
Nylatron GSM
(moly‐lube)
1.16 10500 30 16000 3.5
200°F
200°F
‐‐
H‐B
400
‐‐
200°F
‐‐
‐‐
‐‐
200°F
200°F
‐‐
H‐B
400
Noryl PPO
(30% gf)
Nylatron GS
(moly‐lube)
Nylatron GSM
Blue (oil &
1.16 10000 35 15000 5.9
moly)
Nylatron NSM
(solid‐lube)
1.15 11000 20 16000 5.0
Nylatron GSM Blue (oil
1.16 10000 35 15000
& moly)
5.9
Nylatron NSM (solid‐
lube)
1.15 11000 20 16000
Nylon 6 (cast)
Nyloil (cast)
200°F
‐‐
‐‐
5.0
200°F 200°F
‐‐
H‐
400
B
$$$
1.15 12000 20 16000
3.5
200°F 200°F 1.7
H‐
500
B
$$
1.14 10500 50 15000
3.5
375°F 230°F 1.7
‐‐
550
$$
1.15 11500 50 15000
5.5
200°F 210°F 1.7
V‐
400
2
$$
Nylon (30% gf)
1.35 27000
39000
1.2
200°F 210°F 1.7
H‐
530
B
$$$
PCTFE (Kel‐F)
2.10 5700 150 8500
7.0
167°F 350°F 1.0
‐‐
Nylon 6/6 (extruded)
3
‐‐
‐‐
$$
500 $$$$
PEEK (unfilled)
1.31 16000 20 25000
2.6
320°F 480°F 1.8
V‐
480 $$$$
0
PEEK (15% gf)
1.4 17600 3.2 25700
1.3
480°F 480°F 3.0
V‐
0
‐‐
$$$$
PEEK (20% gf)
1.45 18800 2.2 27500
1.3
580°F 480°F 3.0
V‐
0
‐‐
$$$$
PEEK (30% gf)
1.54 22800 1.6 33800
1.2
600°F 480°F 3.0
V‐
175 $$$$
0
PEEK (30% cf)
1.41 26000
1
38000
1.0
550°F 500°F 6.4
V‐
0
32
$$$$
PEEK (bearing)
1.44 11000
3
27500
1.7
385°F 485°F 1.7
V‐
0
‐‐
$$$$
1.35 20000
‐‐
20000
0.8
‐‐
257°F 2.0
H‐
750
B
$$
1.37 12000
‐‐
19000
1.1
‐‐
257°F 2.0
H‐
550
B
$$
1.34 13000
‐‐
22000
1.0
‐‐
285°F 2.0
H‐
625
B
$$
1.85 44000
‐‐
50000
0.8
‐‐
285°F 2.0
V‐
300
0
$$
Phenolic G‐7
1.80 20000
‐‐
30000
0.7
‐‐
430°F 2.0
H‐
350
B
$$$
Phenolic G‐10
1.80 45000
‐‐
75000
0.6
‐‐
285°F 2.0
H‐
800
B
$$
Phenolic G‐11
1.80 43000
‐‐
80000
0.7
‐‐
330°F 2.0
H‐
900
B
$$$
Polycarbonate
1.20 9500
60 15000
3.9
270°F 250°F 1.3
H‐
390
B
$$
1.43 19000 10 23000
1.2
295°F 270°F 1.3
H‐
470
B
$$$
0.92 2000 600
‐‐
11.5 110°F 160°F
‐‐
‐‐
‐‐
$
0.95 4600 900
‐‐
11.3 160°F 180°F
‐‐
‐‐
‐‐
$
Phenolic XX Paper
Phenolic CE Canvas
Phenolic LE Linen
Phenolic G‐5/G‐9
Polycarbonate (30% gf)
Polyethylene ‐ LDPE
Polyethylene ‐ HDPE
Polyethylene ‐ UHMW
0.93 3100 1200
‐‐
11.1 205°F 180°F 2.9
H‐
900
B
$
Polypropylene
(copolymer)
0.90 4800
12
7000
6.2
210°F 180°F 0.8
H‐
575
B
$
Polypropylene
(homopolymer)
0.89 4800
23
5400
6.6
173°F 170°F 0.8
‐‐
475
$
1.05 7500
47
6100
4.0
200°F 150°F
‐‐
H‐
B
60
$
1.04 4000
55
8700
4.2
195°F 140°F
‐‐
H‐
B
45
$
PVC
1.41 7000
29 12000
6.1
176°F 140°F 0.9
V‐
544
0
$
Radel A PES
1.37 12200 15 16100
2.7
400°F 320°F 1.1
V‐
380
0
$$$
Radel R PAES
1.30 11000 30 15500
3.1
405°F 300°F 2.4
V‐
360
0
$$$
1.05 9000
11500
3.8
‐‐
212°F 1.0
‐‐
500
$$$
2.27 1500 200
‐‐
varies
‐‐
500°F 2.3
‐‐
450
$$$
1.95 2000 200
‐‐
varies
‐‐
500°F 1.7
‐‐
200
$$$
Polystyrene (gen purp)
Polystyrene (hi impact)
Rexolite 1422 (unfilled)
Rulon LR (maroon)
Rulon J (gold)
Ryton PPS (40% gf)
Ryton PPS (bearing)
Semitron 225 (acetal)
Semitron 410C (PEI)
Semitron 420 (PSU)
Semitron 500 (PTFE)
‐‐
1.70 13000
2
23000
2.5
490°F 450°F 2.1
V‐
385
0
$$$
1.55 10000
1
15000
1.2
490°F 450°F 2.2
V‐
0
‐‐
$$$
1.33 6100
10
6000
9.3
225°F 180°F
‐‐
H‐
B
‐‐
$$$
1.41 9000
2
12000
1.8
410°F 340°F
‐‐
V‐
0
‐‐
$$$$
1.45 9500
2
14500
3.2
420°F 350°F 1.5
V‐
0
‐‐
$$$$
2.30 1100
10
2200
5.7
270°F 500°F 5.3
V‐
390
0
$$$
Semitron 520HR (PAI)
TPX
Polymethylpentene
TecaMax SRP
Techtron PPS (unfilled)
Techtron HPV (bearing
PPS)
PTFE Teflon (unfilled)
PTFE Teflon (25% gf)
PTFE Teflon (25% cf)
Tefzel ETFE
Torlon 4203 (unfilled)
Torlon 4301 (bearing)
Torlon 5530 (30% gf)
Turcite TA (acetal)
Turcite TX (acetal)
Udel PSU
Ultem 1000 (unfilled)
Ultem 2300 (30% gf)
V‐
0
‐‐
$$$$
212°F 200°F 1.2
H‐
B
20
$$$
2.3
302°F 310°F
V‐
0
‐‐0
$$$$
2100
2.8
250°F 425°F 2.0
V‐
540 $$$$
0
10500
3.3
240°F 430°F 2.1
V‐
500 $$$$
0
‐‐
7.5
132°F 500°F 1.7
V‐
285
0
$$$
2.25 2100 270 1950
6.4
150°F 500°F 3.1
V‐
0
‐‐
$$$
2.08 1900
2300
6.0
150°F 500°F 4.5
V‐
0
‐‐
$$$
‐‐
7.4
1.58 12000
3
20000
1.5
520°F 500°F
0.83 4100
10
6100
1.7
1.22 30000
‐‐
40000
1.35 13500 15
1.45 10900
5
2.16 3900 300
75
1.70 6100 300
‐‐
311°F
‐‐
‐‐
‐‐
V‐
1800 $$$
0
1.41 18000 10 24000
1.7
532°F 500°F 1.8
V‐
580 $$$$
0
1.45 12000
3
23000
1.4
534°F 500°F 3.7
V‐
0
1.61 15000
3
20000
2.6
520°F 500°F 2.5
V‐
700 $$$$
0
1.49 7600
15 11000
5.2
205°F 180°F
‐‐
‐‐
‐‐
$$$
1.46 5900
19
8000
5.2
205°F 180°F
‐‐
‐‐
‐‐
$$$
1.24 10200 80 15000
3.1
340°F 300°F
‐‐
H‐
425
B
$$$
1.28 16500 80 20000
3.1
392°F 340°F 0.9
V‐
830
0
$$$
1.51 17000
1.1
410°F 340°F 0.9
V‐ 770 $$$$
3
30000
‐‐
$$$$
0
Vespel SP‐1 (unfilled)
Vespel SP‐21 (graphite)
1.43 12500
8
16000
3.0
680°F 600°F 2.4
V‐
560 $$$$$
0
1.51 9500
5
16000
2.7
680°F 600°F 6.0
V‐
230 $$$$$
0
ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻮﺣﺪﺍﺗﻬﺎ
Property Descriptions and Units
SpG ........ Specific Gravity
.............................ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ... grams/cm3
Tens ....... Tensile Strength ............................ ﺍﺟﻬﺎﺩ
ﺍﻟﺸﺪ... pounds/in2
TEB ........ Tensile Elongation at Break
............................. ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻟﺔ%
Flex ....... Flexural Strength ......................... ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ
ﺍﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء..... pounds/in2
CTE ........ Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion ... x 10-5
in/in/°F
HDT ........ Heat Deflection Temperature
............................ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻯ°F
Tmax ....... Max Recommended Use Temperature
........................ °F
TCon ....... Thermal Conductivity ..................... BTU-in/ft2hr-°F
UL94 ....... UL94 Flammability Rating .................... ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ
ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ.... UL rating
DiSt ....... Dielectric Strength
...........................ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ.. volts/mil
$ .......... Relative Cost Factor ..........................
(estimated)
ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻰ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ
click datasheet buttons below for more info
MATERIAL NAME
ABS
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
Acetal Copolymer
COLOR
Natural
Natural
Celazole® PBI
polybenzimidazole
Black
CPVC
chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
Gray
Delrin®
acetal homopolymer
Delrin® AF
acetal homopolymer / PTFE
blend
Duratron®
polyimide
Natural
Brown
varies
Ertalyte® PET-P
polyethylene terephthalate polyester
Natural
Ertalyte® PET-P
polyethylene terephthalate polyester
Black
Ertalyte® TX
lubricated PET-P
Natural
click agency links below for more info
FDA
USDA
NSF
3A
DAIRY
AG
CANADA
USP
CLASS VI
MATERIAL NAME
COLOR
Fluorosint® 207
mica-filled PTFE (food grade)
Natural
Fluorosint® 500
mica-filled PTFE
Natural
Halar® ECTFE
ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene
Natural
Hydex® 4101 PBT-P
polybutylene terephthalate polyester
Natural
Hydex® 4101 PBT-P
polybutylene terephthalate polyester
Black
Hydex® 4101L
lubricated PBT-polyester
Natural
Hydlar® Z
Kevlar® reinforced nylon
(update January 2006: ZF
grade discontinued)
Natural
Kynar® PVDF
polyvinylidene fluoride
MATERIAL NAME
MC901®
heat-stabilized cast nylon 6
MC907®
cast nylon 6
Noryl® PPO
modified polyphenylene oxide styrene
Nylon
extruded type 6/6
Nylatron® (all)
lubricant-filled nylon 6, 6/6
FDA
USDA
NSF
3A
DAIRY
AG
CANADA
USP
CLASS VI
FDA
USDA
NSF
3A
DAIRY
AG
CANADA
USP
CLASS VI
Natural
COLOR
Blue
Natural
Black
Natural
Gray,
Blue
Nyloil-FG®
food grade oil-filled cast nylon
Natural
6
PEEK
unfilled polyetheretherketone
Natural
Polycarbonate
standard grades
Natural
Polycarbonate
food grade only
Natural
MATERIAL NAME
COLOR
Polyethylene
LDPE - low density
Natural
Polyethylene
HDPE - hi density
Natural
Polyethylene
HDPE - pipe grade
Black
Polyethylene
UHMW - ultra high molecular
weight
USDA
NSF
3A
DAIRY
AG
CANADA
USP
CLASS VI
FDA
USDA
NSF
3A
DAIRY
AG
CANADA
USP
CLASS VI
Natural
Polypropylene
homopolymer
Natural
Polysulfone
standard grades
Natural
Polysulfone
food grade only
Natural
PVC
type I polyvinyl chloride
FDA
Gray
MATERIAL NAME
COLOR
Radel® A
polyethersulfone
Natural
Radel® R
polyarylethersulfone
Natural
Rulon® 641
filled PTFE
White
Techtron PPS
unfilled polyphenylene sulfide
PTFE
polytetrafluoroethylene
natural
White
FEP
tetrafluorethyleneperfluorpropylene
White
PFA
perfluoroalkoxy
White
Torlon® PAI
polyamide-imide (all grades)
varies
Ultem® 1000 PEI
unfilled polyetherimide
Natural
Ultem® 1000 PEI
unfilled polyetherimide
Black
Vespel® PI
polyimide (all grades)
varies
FDA
.ﻣﻼﺋﻡ ﻟﻼﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻻﻏﺫﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺣﺳﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺻﻳﻑ ﺍﻻﻣﺭﻳﻛﻰ
USDA
.ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺏ ﻭﻣﻼﺋﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﺗﺑﻌﺎ ﻟﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻣﺭﻳﻛﻳﺔ
CANADAG
.ﻣﻁﺎﺑﻖ ﻟﻼﻏﺫﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺻﺣﺔ ﺣﺳﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺻﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻛﻧﺩﻯ
DAIRY
ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ ﻟﻣﻼﻣﺳﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﺑﺎﻥ.
NSF
ﻣﻁﺎﺑﻖ ﻟﻼﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺗﺣﻠﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﺓ ﻭﻓﻰ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﻠﺞ.
USP CLASSVI
ﻣﻁﺎﺑﻖ ﻭﻣﻧﺎﺳﺏ ﻟﻼﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻋﻳﺔ.
ﺍﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﻣﺗﻭﺳﻁﺔ ﻟﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻣﻧﺗﺻﻑ ﺍﻛﺗﻭﺑﺭ 2006
-1.5ﺍﺧﺗﻳﺎﺭﻣﺎﺳﺗﺭ ﺑﺎﺗﺵ ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺏ ﻟﻠﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺔ
ﻣﻊ ﻣﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ )ﺍﻟﺗﺯﺍﻭﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﻧﺱ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﻪ (
Masterbatches
-1.5.1ﺗﻌﺭﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺳﺗﺭﺑﺎﺗﺵ :
master batchﻫﻭ ﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﻳﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺻﺑﻐﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ ﻣﺧﻠﻭﻁﻪ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ
ﻣﺛﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﺩّﺓ ﻧﺎﻗﻠﻪ ﻣﺗﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﺍﻟﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛﻝ
ﺣﺑﻳﺑﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻁﺣﻭﻧﻪ ﺑﺣﺟﻡ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ.
ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺎﺩّﺓ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻌﻣﻠﺔ ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺣﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻳﺔ :ﺑﻭﻟﻲ ﺇﻳﺛﻳﻠﻳﻥ
ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺽ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ LDPE ,ﺑﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺭﻭﺑﻳﻠﻳﻥ polypropylene,ﺑﻭﻟﻲ ﺳﺗﺎﻳﺭﻳﻥ ,
polystyreneﺇﻳﻔﺎEVA.
-1.5.2ﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻁ :
ﺗﻌﺗﻣﺩ ﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺻﺑﻐﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻭﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ
ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ،ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺗﺣﺕ % 1ﻟﺑﻌﺽ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ UV.ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺻﺑﻐﺎﺕ
ﻭﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺣﺗﻰ % 50ﻛﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﺑﻌﺽ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﻣﺎﻧﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺏ flame
ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺔ ﻳﻛﻔﻲ %..3-1
. retardantsﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻭﻡ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ
ّ
-1.5.3ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻁ Dispersion :
ﺃﻓﺿﻝ ﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺧﻠﻁ ﻭﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻁ ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺏ ﻟﻸﻟﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺎﺕ
ﻫﻭ ﺇﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻧﺎﻗﻝ ﺫﻭ ﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺇﻧﺻﻬﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ high melt indexﻭﺇﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﻛﺎﺋﻥ
ﺧﻠﻁ ﺗﻌﻁﻲ ﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺇﺣﺗﻛﺎﻙ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ high shearﻭﻳﻔﺿﻝ ﺗﻭﻓﺭ ﺣﻠﺯﻭﻥ ﺗﺅﺍﻡ twin
screw.
-1.5.4ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻁ :
ﻫﺫﻩ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺣﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻣﻳّﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺳﺗﺭﺑﺎﺗﺵ:
ﺃﻭﻻ :ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻛﺛﺭ ﺃﻫﻣﻳﺔ ﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺇﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﺃﺟﻬﺯﺓ
ﺍﻟﻛﻭﻣﺑﻳﻭﺗﺭ ﻹﻋﻁﺎء ﻛ ّﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻭﺑﺔ ﻭﺗﻭﻓﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﺗﻘﻠﻳﻝ ﺍﻷﺧﻁﺎء.
ﺛﺎﻧﻳﺎ :ﻳﺟﺏ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻛﻝ ﻣﻛﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻁ ﻣﻧﻔﺻﻠﺔ ﺣﻳﺙ ﻭﺗﻐﺫﻯ ﻟﻣﺎﻛﻳﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻁ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺗﺎﺝ
ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺗﺣﺎﺕ ﺗﻐﺫﻳﺔ ﻣﻧﻔﺻﻠﺔ.
ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺎ :ﻟﺗﻧﻅﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻐﺫﻳﺔ ﻳﻧﺻﺢ ﻭﺑﻘﻭﺓ ﺇﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺣﻠﺯﻭﻥ ﺗﻐﺫﻳﺔ ﻳﺗﻧﺎﺳﺏ ﻓﻲ
ﺣﺭﻛﺗﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺣﻠﺯﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻓﻊ ﻟﻠﺧﺎﺭﺝ .
ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ :ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺻﻬﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻝ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺩﻭﻕ barrelﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺗﻡ ﺑﺩﻗﻪ ﻣﺗﻧﺎﻫﻳﺔ ﺑﺣﻳﺙ
ﺗﺗﻧﺎﺳﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻁﺎﺓ ﻣﺳﺑﻘﺎ ,ﻷﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺧﻔﺿﻪ
ﺳﺗﻌﻁﻲ ﺧﻠﻁ ﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﺗﺟﺎﻧﺱ.
ﺧﺎﻣﺳﺎ :ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﺑﻳﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺳﺗﺭﺑﺎﺗﺵ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﺗﺟﺎﻧﺱ ﻭﺛﺎﺑﺕ
ﺟﺩﺍ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻳﺗﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺗﻐﺫﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺣﺟﻣﻲ volumetric
meteringﺑﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺷﺎﻛﻝ ،ﻭﺣﺗﻰ ﺗﺿﻣﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻫﻧﺎﻙ ﻓﺭﻕ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺃﺣﺟﺎﻡ
ﺍﻟﺣﺑﻳﺑﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺃﺟﺳﺎﻡ ﻏﺭﻳﺑﺔ..
ﺍﺫﻥ ﻻﺑﺩ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺳﺗﺭ ﺑﺎﺗﺵ ﻣﻥ ﻧﻔﺱ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺔ
ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻟﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺳﺗﺭ ﺑﺎﺗﺵ ﺭﺍﻛﺏ ﻣﻊ ﻟﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﻡ
ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﺗﻠﻭﻳﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺣﻳﺙ ﺗﻌﻁﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﺗﻣﺎﻣﺎ .
ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺳﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻓﻘﺔ ﺗﻭﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻛﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﺑﻠﻠﻭﺭﻯ ﻟﻠﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻳﻭﺿﺢ
ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺣﺎﺳﻡ ﺧﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﺎﺳﺗﺭ ﺑﺎﺗﺵ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﺏ
ﺗﻠﻭﻳﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺗﻳﺟﺔ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﻫﻼﻛﺎﺕ ﻟﻌﺩﻡ ﺣﺩﻭﺙ ﺗﺟﺎﻧﺱ ﻭﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺗﺷﺎﺑﻳﺢ ﻓﻰ
ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﻭﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺳﺗﺭ ﺑﺎﺗﺵ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ ﻁﺑﻘﺔ ﺭﻗﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺳﻁﺢ
ﺗﺳﺑﺏ ﺍﺗﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ .
ﻟﻼﺑﺩ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺳﺗﺭ ﺑﺎﺗﺵ ﻣﻥ ﻧﻔﺱ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﻫﺫﺓ ﻧﻘﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ
ﻟﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺳﺗﺭ ﺑﺎﺗﺵ ﻣﻧﺳﺟﻡ ﻣﻊ ﻟﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺑﻳﻌﻰ ﻻﻋﻁﺎء ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ
ﺻﺎﻓﻰ.
- 1.6ﺍﻻﺿﺎﻓﺎﺕ
ﻫﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺿﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﻭﺗﻌﺗﺑﺭ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺿﺭﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﺗﺣﺳﻳﻥ
ﺍﻟﻠﺩﺍﺋﻥ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺟﻭﺩﺗﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﻘﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﺳﻠﻳﻣﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ ﻭﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﻭﻋﻧﺩ
ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺧﺎﻣﺔ
‐ 1.6.1ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻣﺿﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻸﻛﺳﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﻔﺳﺟﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ:
ﺩﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻫﻭ ﺇﻁﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻘﺎء ﺍﻟﻠﺩﺍﺋﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻌﺔ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻳﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺗﻌﺭﺽ
ﻟﻠﺗﺄﻛﺳﺩ.
ﺑﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﺿﻭء ﺗﻣﻳﻝ ﻣﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﺩﺍﺋﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻣﺗﺻﺎﺹ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ
ﻧﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﻔﺳﺟﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻳﻑ ﻓﺗﻧﺷﻁ ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻳﺗﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﺳﺑﺏ
ﺫﻟﻙ ﺗﺄﻛﺳﺩ ﻭﺗﺷﻘﻘﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﺋﻥ .ﻭﺗﻣﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﺩﺍﺋﻥ ﺑﺻﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺗﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﺣﺕ ﺃﺷﻌﺔ
ﺍﻟﺷﻣﺱ.
- 1.6.2ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺿﺩ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎء ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻛﻧﺔ:
ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺗﻌﻁﻲ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﺋﻥ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﻣﺿﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻛﻧﺔ.ﻭﺗﺧﻔﺽ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎء
ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻛﻧﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻗﻝ ﺣﺩ ﻭﺑﺫﻟﻙ ﺗﻣﻧﻊ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﻷﺗﺭﺑﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ.
Antistatic additivesﻳﺳﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻳﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻧﻬﺎء ﻣﺧﺎﻁﺭ ﺭﺑﻣﺎ ﺗﻭﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﺻﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ
ﻋﻧﺩ ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻼﻣﺳﺔ ﺳﻁﺞ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻛﻳﻧﺔ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﺑﺈﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﻡ ﺧﺎﻟﻳﻪ ﻣﻥ antistatic,
ﻣﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺎﻁﺭ ﺻﺩﻣﺔ ﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﻌﻣﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻛﻳﻧﺔ ﻭﺭﺑﻣﺎ ﺇﺷﺗﻌﺎﻟﻙ ﺣﺭﻳﻖ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ ﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﺗﻔﺭﻳﻎ ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻥ ﺳﻠﺑﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﻣﺛﻼ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺭﻳﺭ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﻭﻑ
ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﺗﺭﺑﺔ ﻣﻛﺩﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺅﺛﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ .
ﺗﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﺍﻹﺣﺗﻛﺎﻙ ﻭﻳﻭﺟﺩ ﻣﺎﺩﺗﻳﻥ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺗﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺩ ﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ,
ﻓﻭﺍﺣﺩﺓ ﺗﻔﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﻳﻧﻣﺎ ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ ﺗﻛﺳﺑﻪ.
ﻭﺗﺯﻳﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻳﺔ ﺣﺩﻭﺙ ﺷﺣﻥ ﻛﻬﺭﺑﻲ ﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﻁﺎﻟﺕ ﻣﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺣﺗﻛﺎﻙ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺗﻳﻥ ﺳﻭﺍء ﻣﺎﺩﺗﻲ ﺧﺎﻡ ﺃﻡ
ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺧﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺎﻛﻳﻧﺔ ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺭﻁﻭﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﻭ.
ﻭﻫﻧﺎﻙ ﻧﻭﻋﻳﻥ ﻣﻥantistatic :
ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ :ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﺿﺎﻑ ﻟﻠﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻡ ﻭﻳﺩﺧﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺭﻛﻳﺑﻬﺎ.
ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ :ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﺗﻡ ﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺷﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻌﻪ ,ﻭﻫﻭ ﻻ
ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺃﻓﺿﻝ ﻣﻧﻪ .ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻓﺗﺭﺓ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭﺓ ﻗﺻﻳﺭﺓ ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻣﺳﺣﺔ
ﺑﺷﺊ ﻭﻳﺧﺗﻔﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭﻩ ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﺷﻛﻠﻪ ﻭﻋﺎﺋﻖ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺑﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺣﺎﻡ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻏﻳﺭ
ﻣﺗﺟﺎﻧﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ.
-1.6.3ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻭﺃﻟﻳﺎﻑ ﺗﻘﻭﻳﺔ :
ﻟﺗﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﺩ ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻔﻭﺫ ﻟﻠﻣﺎء.
-1.6.4ﺃﻟﻳﺎﻑ ﻣﻁﺣﻭﻧﺔ
) ﺷﻌﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺯﺟﺎﺟﻳﺔ ﻣﻧﺗﺟﺔ ﺑﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺣﻥ ﻭﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻛﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﻟﺋﺔ(
ﻣﻘﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﻟﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﻘﻭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻼﺻﻘﺔ.
-1.6.5ﺃﻟﻳﺎﻑ ﺯﺟﺎﺟﻳﺔ
ﺷﻌﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺯﺟﺎﺟﻳﺔ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺩﺍﺋﻥ ﻭﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻛﻌﻭﺍﺯﻝ ﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳﺔ .
-1.6.6ﺃﻟﻳﺎﻑ ﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ
ﺃﻟﻳﺎﻑ ﻣﻛﻭﻧﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻛﺳﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺩﺍﺋﻥ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺃﻟﻳﺎﻑ
ﺍﻷﻟﻭﻣﻧﻳﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻛﺳﻭﺓ ﺑﺑﻭﺗﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﺳﻳﺗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﻭﻟﻭﺯ.
-1.6.7ﻣﻌﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺷﺗﻌﺎﻝ ﻭﺳﺭﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺏ:
ﻟﺗﺧﻔﻳﻑ ﻭﻣﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻘﻠﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺳﺭﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺏ
-1.6.8ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺿﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﻔﻥ :
ﻭﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺣﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻟﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﻛﺭﻭﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻛﺗﻳﺭﻳﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻁﺭﻳﺎﺕ .
- 1.6. 9ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻣﺯﻟﻘﺔ:
ﺗﺳﻬﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﻟﻘﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ )ﺍﻟﻠﺩﺍﺋﻥ( ﺍﻧﺯﻻﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻛﺗﻝ
ﺧﻼﻝ ﺁﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ ﻭﺗﻘﻠﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺍﻻﺣﺗﻛﺎﻙ ﻭﺑﻌﺽ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﻟﻘﻪ ﻳﻘﻭﻡ ﺑﺩﻭﺭ
ﺗﺣﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻌﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻟﺏ ﻟﺗﺄﻣﻳﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﺑﻬﺎ .ﻣﺛﻝ ﺯﻳﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺭﻭﻉ
)ﺯﻳﺕ ﺃﺻﻔﺭ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺭﺝ ﻣﻥ ﺑﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺧﺭﻭﻉ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﺯﻟﻳﻖ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺇﻧﺗﺎﺝ
ﺍﻟﻣﻠﺩﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺏ(.
-1.6.10ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻟﻣﻧﻊ ﺍﻻﻟﺗﺻﺎﻕ :
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻟﺏ)ﻋﺎﻣﻝ ﻓﺻﻝ(ﺗﻭﺿﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻁﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻟﺏ ﻓﺗﻣﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﺎﻕ
ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺟﻭﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﻭﺗﻘﻭﻡ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ ﺑﺗﺯﻟﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻌﺔ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﻭﻳﻑ.
-1.6.11ﻋﺎﻣﻝ ﻧﻔﺦ:
ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﺗﺿﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﺩﺍﺋﻥ ﻭﺗﺗﺣﻠﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺳﺧﻳﻥ ﻣﻁﻠﻘﺔ ﻏﺎﺯ ﻳﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻣﺩﻳﺩ
ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻧﻔﺦ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻠﺩﺍﺋﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺩﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺩﺍﺋﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻭﻳﺔ.
Light Stabilisers ‐1.6.12
ﻣﺛﺑﺗﺎﺕ ﺧﻔﻳﻔﺔ ﺗﺳﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﻟﻣﻧﻊ ﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻻﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺣﺩﺙ ﺗﻐﻳﺭﺍﺕ
ﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﻧﺎﺗﺟﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺛﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺿﻭء.
Heat Stabilisers -1.6.13
ﻫﻰ ﻣﺛﺑﺗﺎﺕ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻟﻣﻧﻊ ﺣﺩﻭﺙ ﺗﻔﻛﻙ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻳﻣﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺛﻧﺎء ﺗﻌﺭﺿﻬﺎ
ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻼﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻥ 180ﺩﺭﺟﺔ .
Impact Modifiers -1.6.14
ﺗﻔﻳﺩ ﻣﻧﺗﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻣﺗﺻﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺻﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﺻﺩﻉ ﻭﺗﻔﻳﺩ
ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻓﻰ . PP – PS‐ PVC
Process Aids -1.6.15
ﺗﺳﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﻫﺫﺓ ﺍﻻﺻﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﺗﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺧﺻﺎﺋﺹ ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ ﻟﻠﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﺩﺍﺧﻝ ﻭﺣﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺣﻘﻥ
ﺑﺯﻳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﺗﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﻣﻌﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺳﺭﻳﺎﻥ ) (Flowability
ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﻣﻥ ﺗﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺗﻭﺍﺟﺩ ﺯﻳﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺷﺣﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﺑﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﺯﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺗﺩﻓﻖ
ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺗﺧﻔﻳﺽ ﺍﻟﻠﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻣﻔﻳﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ . PVC
Internal Lubricants -1.6.16
ﺯﻳﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺷﺣﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻟﺗﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ ﻟﻠﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺑﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺗﺣﺳﻳﻥ
ﻣﻌﺩﻝ ﺳﺭﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻝ ﻭﺣﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺣﻘﻥ ﺃﻯ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺳﺎﻋﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺗﺩﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺗﻘﻠﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﺯﻭﺟﺔ
ﻟﻬﺎ.
External Lubricants -1.6.17
ﺯﻳﻭﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻳﺔ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻟﺗﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ ﻟﻠﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺗﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ
ﺑﺎﻻﺳﻁﻣﺑﺔ .
-1.7ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺑﺗﺎﺕ)ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﺛﺑﻳﺕ( -:
ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺑﺗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﻟﻣﺭﻛﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺩﺍﺋﻥ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻣﻼﺡ ﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺃﻣﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﺻﺩﻳﺭ
ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺻﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﻛﺎﻟﺳﻳﻭﻡ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺭﻛﺑﺎﺕ ﺗﺿﺎﻑ ﺑﻛﻣﻳﺔ ﺿﺋﻳﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺧﻠﻳﻁ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺩﺍﺋﻥ
ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻛﻳﺑﻳﺔ ﻟﺗﻌﺎﻛﺱ ﻣﻔﺻﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻭﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﺳﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﻔﻛﻙ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﻱ.ﻭﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺑﺗﺎﺕ ﻫﻭ
ﺍﻣﺗﺻﺎﺹ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﻔﺳﺟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﺏ ﻟﺗﺛﺑﻳﺗﻪ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻧﺣﻼﻟﻪ .ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺛﺑﺕ
ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﻌﺎ ﻟﻸﻛﺳﺩﺓ ﻭﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻣﺗﺻﺎﺹ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﻔﺳﺟﻳﺔ
ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻟﻠﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻏﻳﺭ ﺳﺎﻡ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺧﺻﺎﺋﺹ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﻭﺓ.
ﺍﻟﻣﻁﺭﻳﺎﺕ) ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﻭﺓ(:
-1.8
ّ
ﺍﻟﻣﻁﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺭﻛﺑﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ )ﺯﻳﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺭﻭﻉ( ﺃﻭ ﻣﺭﻛﺑﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺩﺓ ﻣﺛﻝ )ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻓﻭﺭ(
ﺃﻭ ﻣﺭﻛﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺳﻔﺎﺕ )ﺗﺯﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺩﺍﺋﻥ ﻟﻠﻣﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻁﺑﻳﻌﻳﺔ( ﻭﻏﻳﺭﻫﺎ
ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﺭﻳﺎﺕ ,ﻭﺗﺿﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﺩﺍﺋﻥ ﻟﺗﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻁﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﺳﻳﺎﺑﻳﺔ ﻣﺭﻧﺔ
ﺑﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﺧﻔﺽ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺗﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﺷﻐﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﻣﺎ ﺗﺣﺳﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺷﺭﻭﻁ
ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ.
ﻭﺗﻘﻠﻝ ﻣﻥ ﻟﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻭﻣﻥ ﺻﻼﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻳﺔ.
-1.9ﺍﻟﻣﺫﻳﺑﺎﺕ:
ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻳﻝ ﺇﺫﺍﺑﺔ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺩﺍﺋﻥ ﺑﺛﻼﺙ ﻁﺭﻕ:
-1ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻭﺳﻳﻁﺔ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﻣﻭﻧﻭﻣﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺭﺍﺗﻧﺟﺎﺕ ﻋﺩﻳﺩﺓ.
-2ﻭﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﺩﺍﺋﻥ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺫﻳﺑﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﺣﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻔﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻠﻣﻳﻊ ﻭﺻﻧﻊ
ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺎﺋﻖ .
-3ﻭﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻼﺻﻘﺔ ﻭﺃﺣﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺑﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺗﻐﻁﻳﺔ ﺃﺳﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻠﺩﺍﺋﻥ .
ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺫﻳﺑﺎﺕ:
ﺍﻟﻛﺣﻭﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺳﺗﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺇﺛﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺟﻠﻳﻛﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻛﻳﺗﻭﻧﺎﺕ .‐ﺯﻳﺕ ﻓﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﻳﺎ ﺯﻳﺕ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺭﺝ ﻣﻥ ﻓﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﻳﺎ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﺩﻧﺎﺕ .
‐ﺯﻳﺕ ﺟﻔﻭﻑ :ﺯﻳﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺻﻝ ﺣﻳﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺑﺎﺗﻲ ﻳﻣﺗﺹ ﺍﻷﻛﺳﺟﻳﻥ ﻭﻳﺗﺟﻣﺩ ﻣﻛﻭﻧﺎ
ﻗﺷﺭﺓ ﺭﺍﺗﻧﺟﻳﺔ ﻣﺗﻳﻧﺔ ﻭﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺭﻧﻳﺷﺎﺕ.ﻭﻣﻥ ﺃﻣﺛﻠﺗﻬﺎ ﺯﻳﺕ ﺑﺫﺭ
ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺎﻥ ﻭﺯﻳﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﺯﻳﻭﺕ ﺳﻣﻙ ﻣﻌﻳﻧﺔ.
-1.10ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻔﻔﺎﺕ:
ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺗﺿﺎﻑ ﺑﻛﻣﻳﺎﺕ ﺻﻐﻳﺭﺓﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺯﻳﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﺟﻔﻭﻓﺔ ﺃﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺭﻧﻳﺷﺎﺕ
ﻟﺗﻘﻠﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺯﻣﻥ ﺟﻔﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ.
ﻭﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺭﻛﺑﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺭﺻﺎﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺟﻧﻳﺯ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺻﻳﻥ.
-1.11ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﺋﺔ :
ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﺋﺔ ﺗﺧﺗﻠﻑ ﻣﺻﺎﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﺑﻌﺿﻬﺎ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺑﻳﻌﻳﺔ) ﻣﺛﻝ
ﺳﻠﻳﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻣﻧﻳﻭﻡ -ﺳﻳﻠﻳﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻐﻧﺳﻳﻭﻡ ( ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺿﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺑﻳﻌﻳﺔ)ﻣﺛﻝ ﺩﻗﻳﻖ
ﺍﻟﺧﺷﺏ ‐ﻏﻼﻑ ﺟﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻬﻧﺩ( ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺿﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻛﻳﺑﻳﺔ ) ﻣﺛﻝ ﺃﻟﻳﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﻳﻠﻭﻥ ﻭﺃﻟﻳﺎﻑ
ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺗﺭ(
.ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﻣﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺻﻭﺭﺓ ﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺣﺟﻡ ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻳﻁ ﻭﺗﺧﻔﻳﺽ ﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺎﺝ
ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺭﺧﻳﺻﺔ )ﺑﻌﺩ ﺻﻌﻭﺩ ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﺩﺍﺋﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﻭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻳﺔ(.
ﻭﻟﻠﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﺋﻁ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ:
ﻳﺳﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﺅﻟﻳﻥ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺷﺎﺋﻊ ﺃﻱ ﺳﻳﻠﻳﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻣﻧﻳﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﺗﺻﺑﺢ ﺑﻳﺿﺎء ﺑﻌﺩ
ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻕ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻌﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻧﻊ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺑﻭﺭﺳﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺋﺩﺓ.
ﻭﻟﻠﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﺋﻁ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺻﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺂﻛﻝ:
ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻳﻔﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﺻﻝ ﺯﺟﺎﺟﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻟﻳﺎﻑ ﻧﺑﺎﺗﻳﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ﻟﻳﻑ
)ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺯﺍﻝ( ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻁﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻟﻳﺎﻑ ﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺳﺣﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻥ.
ﻭﻟﻠﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﺋﻁ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﻗﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳﺔ:
ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺟﺭﺍﻓﻳﺕ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻓﺣﻡ ﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺑﻳﻌﺔ.
ﻭﻟﺗﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﺛﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ :
ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ ﻟﺗﺧﻔﻑ ﻣﻥ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺿﻣﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺷﻲء ﻋﻥ ﺗﺑﺭﻳﺩ ﻛﺗﻠﺔ
ﺍﻟﻠﺩﺍﺋﻥ.
ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﻭﻣﻳﺎﻟﻳﻥ
ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﻭﻣﻳﺎﻟﻳﻥ ﻭﻫﻰ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺿﺎﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻛﺳﺭ ﺍﻻﺑﻳﺽ ﻻﻋﻁﺎﺋﻪ ﻟﻭﻥ ﺯﺍﻫﻰ ﻭﻋﺻﺏ
ﻟﻪ ﻭﻫﻰ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﺧﻳﺻﺔ ﻭﻣﻣﻳﺯﺗﻬﺎ ﺟﻳﺩﺓ
ﻫﺫﻩ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺿﺎﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺑﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﺭﻭﺑﻠﻳﻥ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻳﺛﻠﻳﻥ ﺑﺣﻳﺙ
ﺗﻌﻁﻰ ﺍﻛﺛﺭ ﺑﻳﺎﺿﺎ ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺗﺞ
ﻭﻫﻰ ﺗﺿﺎﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻫﻼﻛﺎﺕ ) ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺩ ﺗﺩﻭﻳﺭﻫﺎ( ﻭﻛﻣﺎ ﻧﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺩ
ﺗﺩﻭﻳﺭﻫﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻌﻁﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻭ ﺏ ﺍﻭ ﻋﺻﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻓﻧﻘﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ
ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﺟﻭﺩﺗﻬﺎ ﻭﺳﻌﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﻳﺭ ﻣﺭﺗﻔﻊ.
-1.12ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ)(Pigments
ﺗﻌﺗﺑﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻋﻧﺎﺻﺭ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺩﻫﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺗﺧﻳﻝ ﻣﻧﺗﺞ
ﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻛﻲ ﺑﻼ ﻟﻭﻥ !! ،ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﺗﻳﺢ ﻟﻠﻣﺻﻧﻊ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻛﻣﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ
ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﺋﺔ ) (fillersﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻋﺎﺩﺗﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺳﺑﺏ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻹﻋﺗﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺎﻣﺔ
ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ.
ﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﺧﺗﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﺑﺎﻍ ) (dyesﺇﺧﺗﻼﻓﺎ ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺍ ،ﺣﻳﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﺑﺎﺭﺓ
ﻋﻥ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻣﻁﺣﻭﻧﺔ ﻁﺣﻧﺎ ﺩﻗﻳﻘﺎ ﻭ ﻏﻳﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺫﻭﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺳﻁ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﺑﻳﻧﻣﺎ
ﺍﻷﺻﺑﺎﻍ ﻋﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻣﻠﻭﻧﺔ ﺗﺫﻭﺏ ﺫﻭﺑﺎﻧﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺳﻁ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻳﻪ.
ﻭ ﺗﻧﻘﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻳﺔ
-1ﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﻏﻳﺭ ﻋﺿﻭﻳﺔ Inorganic
-2ﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﺿﻭﻳﺔ Organic
-3ﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﺿﻭﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ inorgano & organo‐metallic
ﻭ ﺳﻧﺗﻧﺎﻭﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎء ﷲ ﻛﻝ ﺻﻧﻑ ﻣﻥ ﻫﺅﻻء ﺑﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺗﻔﺻﻳﻝ
ﺃﻭﻻ :ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﻳﺭ ﻋﺿﻭﻳﺔ:
ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺷﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻫﻣﻳﺔ ﻧﻅﺭﺍ ﻟﺧﻭﺍﺻﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﻳﺯﻳﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﻭ
ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻳﺩﺓ.
ﻓﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﺗﻌﺗﺑﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺷﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺛﺑﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻅﺭﻭﻑ
ﺍﻟﺟﻭﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﻭﺑﺔ ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺟﺩﺍ ﻟﻸﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﻔﺳﺟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ
ﻓﻲ ﺿﻭء ﺍﻟﺷﻣﺱ ،ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺛﺑﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺑﻭﺟﻪ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺷﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺛﺑﺎﺕ
ﻟﻠﺣﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭ ﻻ ﺗﻣﺛﻝ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺳﺣﺏ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ .
ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺳﻌﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺽ ﺟﺩﺍ ) ﻣﻥ 1ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ 9ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ( ﻭ ﻟﻪ
ﻣﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺗﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍﺋﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻌﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ.
ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﻑ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻳﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻐﻁﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺟﺩﺍ ،ﻭ ﻫﻭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻧﺎﺻﺭ
ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻣﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻫﺎﻧﺎﺕ.
ﻭ ﻳﻌﻳﺏ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﻑ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺿﻌﻑ ﺷﺩﺓ ﻟﻭﻧﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺳﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ
)(Hueﻓﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﻻ ﻧﺳﺗﻁﻳﻊ ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ ﺃﻟﻭﺍﻥ ﺷﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ )ﻣﺛﻝ ﻟﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺯ ،
ﺍﻟﻁﻣﺎﻁﻡ ،ﺍﻟﺑﺣﺭ … ﺍﻟﺦ ( ﻭ ﻟﻛﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻔﻳﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻟﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺑﻧﻳﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺞ ،
ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﻟﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﻫﺗﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﺧﺿﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻷﺻﻔﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ ﻭ ﺍﻷﺣﻣﺭ.
ﻭ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺛﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺃﻛﺎﺳﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺩ ( Iron ) oxidesﻭ ﻳﻧﺗﺞ
ﻣﻧﻪ ﺍﻷﺳﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻷﺣﻣﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻷﺻﻔﺭ ،ﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺻﻧﺎﻑ ﻳﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ
ﺍﻟﺑﻠﻭﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺗﺞ ،ﻭ ﺃﻛﺳﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﻧﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺑﻳﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺻﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺍﻷﺳﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺩﻳﺔ.
ﺛﺎﻧﻳﺎ :ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺿﻭﻳﺔ :
ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻳﺽ ﺗﻣﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺿﻭﻳﺔ ،ﻓﻬﻲ ﻏﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﻣﻥ ،ﻭ
ﺗﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﺎ ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺍ ﺑﺈﺧﺗﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺭﻛﻳﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺧﻭﺍﺻﻪ ،ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻭﻡ ﺃﻗﻝ ﺇﺳﺗﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎﺋﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻓﻳﺯﻳﺎﺋﻳﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﻳﺭ ﻋﺿﻭﻳﺔ ،ﻭ
ﺗﺷﻳﻊ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺷﻛﻼﺕ ﻣﺛﻝ
) ﻫﺭﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻳﺭﻩ ( ﻓﻲ ﺃﺛﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﺳﺣﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺛﻖ ،ﻭ ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺛﺑﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ
ﺿﻭء ﺍﻟﺷﻣﺱ ﻓﺗﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ،ﻓﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﻳﺗﻛﺳﺭ ﺑﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺿﻭء ﺍﻟﺷﻣﺱ ﻭ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ
ﻳﺗﺣﻣﻠﻪ ،ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﻁﻳﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺃﻗﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﻳﺭ ﻋﺿﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻛﺛﻳﺭ .
ﻭ ﺭﻏﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻛﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻭﺏ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻅﻝ ﺷﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻫﻣﻳﺔ ﻹﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﻳﻧﺔ ،
ﻓﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻭﻡ ﺷﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ،ﻭ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻟﻭﺍﻥ
ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺭﺍء ﻭ ﺍﻟﺧﺿﺭﺍء ﻭ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﻗﺎء ﻭ ﺍﻟﺻﻔﺭﺍء ﺍﻟﺷﺩﻳﺩﺓ ،ﻭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺛﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﻬﻳﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ:
-1ﻓﺛﺎﻟﻭﺳﻳﺎﻧﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺣﺎﺱ )ﺃﺯﺭﻕ ) Cu‐phthalocyanineﻭ ﻳﻌﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺭﺧﺹ
ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺿﻭﻳﺔ ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺷﺩﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺛﺑﺎﺕ.
-2ﻓﺛﺎﻟﻭﺳﻳﺎﻧﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺣﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻠﺟﻥ )ﺃﺧﺿﺭ‐) Halogenated Cu
phthalocyanineﻭ ﻫﻭ ﻛﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺭﺧﻳﺹ ﻭ ﺷﺩﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺛﺑﺎﺕ.
-3ﻣﺷﺗﻘﺎﺕ ﺗﻛﺎﺛﻑ ﺃﺯﻭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻱ ﺃﺯﻭ & Diazocondensation
Azocondensationﻭ ﺗﻌﻁﻲ ﺃﺣﻣﺭ ﻗﻭﻱ ﻭ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺿﻌﻳﻑ ﺍﻷﺳﺗﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ
ﻏﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺛﻣﻥ.
-4ﺩﺍﻱ ﻛﻳﺗﻭ ﺑﻳﺭﻭﻟﻭﺑﻳﺭﻭﻝ DiKeto‐pyrrolo‐pyrroleﻭ ﻫﻭ ﺃﺣﻣﺭ ﺷﺩﻳﺩ ،
ﻏﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺛﻣﻥ ﺟﺩﺍ ،ﻣﺳﺗﻘﺭ ،ﻭ ﻟﻛﻥ ﻳﻌﻳﺑﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻧﺗﻘﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺳﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺳﺑﺏ
ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻣﺎﺵ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻅﻳﻑ.
-5ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻭﻡ ﺑﻳﺗﺎﻧﺎﻓﺛﻭﻝ ) B‐ Naphthol (Baﻭ ﻫﻭ ﺃﺣﻣﺭ ﺷﺩﻳﺩ ﺿﻌﻳﻑ ﺍﻹﺳﺗﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭ
ﻣﺗﻭﺳﻁ ﺍﻟﺛﻣﻥ.
-6ﺩﺍﻱ ﺃﺯﻭ ﺑﻳﺭﺍﺯﻭﻟﻭﻥ Diazopyrazoloneﻭ ﻫﻭ ﺑﺭﺗﻘﺎﻟﻲ ﺿﻌﻳﻑ ﺍﻹﺳﺗﻘﺭﺍﺭ
ﻣﺗﻭﺳﻁ ﺍﻟﺛﻣﻥ.
-7ﺑﻧﺯﻳﻣﻳﺩﺍﺯﻭﻟﻭﻥ Benzimidazoloneﺑﺭﺗﻘﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﺳﺗﻘﺭ ﻭ ﻏﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺛﻣﻥ.
-8ﺃﻳﺯﻭﺇﻧﺩﻭﻟﻳﻧﻭﻥ Isoindolinoneﻭ ﻫﻭ ﺗﺷﻛﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻳﺔ ﺿﻌﻳﻔﺔ
ﺍﻹﺳﺗﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻣﺗﻭﺳﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﻣﻥ.
-9ﻛﻳﻧﺎﻛﺭﻳﺩﻭﻥ Quinacridoneﺑﻧﻔﺳﺟﻲ ﻣﺣﻣﺭ ﻏﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺛﻣﻥ ﻣﺳﺗﻘﺭ.
-10ﺩﺍﻱ ﺃﻭﻛﺯﺍﺯﻳﻥ Dioxazineﺑﻧﻔﺳﺟﻲ ﻣﺯﺭﻕ ﻏﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺛﻣﻥ ﺷﺩﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﻣﺳﺗﻘﺭ.
ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺿﻭﻳﺔ ﻭ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺿﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ
ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺗﻛﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺛﺔ ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺗﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻊ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﻔﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﻳﻥ
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻭﺏ ﻣﻥ ﻋﻳﻭﺑﻬﻣﺎ ،ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﺗﻭﺳﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﻌﺭ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺗﻘﺭﺍﺭ
ﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎﺋﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺯﻳﺎﺋﻳﺎ ،ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﻐﻁﻳﺔ ﻣﻣﺗﺎﺯﺓ ،ﻭ ﺷﺩﺓ ﻟﻭﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﻳﺩﺓ ،ﻭ ﺗﻌﺩ ﻣﻥ
ﺍﻟﺣﻠﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ.
ﻭ ﺗﺭﺟﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﺑﺎﺕ ﻟﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺭﻑ ﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎﺋﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻳﺟﻧﺩﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻧﺎﺻﺭ ﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ
ﺗﺗﻔﺎﻋﻝ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺭﻛﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺿﻭﻳﺔ ﻟﺗﻧﺗﺞ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻟﻭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺛﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻳﺟﻧﺩﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺯﻣﺎﺱ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﻧﺎﺩﻳﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺻﻔﺭﺍء ﻭ ﻏﻳﺭﻫﺎ ﻛﺛﻳﺭ.
ﺑﻘﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻘﻭﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ﻳﺷﺫ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ,ﻓﺎﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﻳﺭ ﻋﺿﻭﻳﺔ
ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺭﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺻﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻛﺭﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻛﺎﺩﻣﻳﻭﻡ ،ﻭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺷﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ
ﻧﺳﺑﻳﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺿﺎﺭﺓ ﺟﺩﺍ ﺻﺣﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻻ ﺗﺳﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻘﺩﻣﺔ.
ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻧﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺳﻔﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﻏﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﻣﻥ ﻭ ﺿﻌﻳﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺗﻘﺭﺍﺭ ،ﻭ ﻣﻥ
ﺃﺣﺩﺙ ﻣﺑﺗﻛﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ،ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ ،ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﻋﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻥ
ﻣﻁﺣﻭﻧﺔ )ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﻭﻣﻧﻳﻭﻡ ( ﻳﺗﻡ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻛﻳﺔ ﻟﺗﻌﻁﻲ ﺃﻟﻭﺍﻥ
ﺍﻟﻔﺿﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺏ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻧﺣﺎﺱ ،ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﻭﺟﺩ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺃﺧﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺣﺩﺙ ﻣﺑﺗﻛﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ
ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺗﻣﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﺍﺧﻝ ﺍﻟﺿﻭﺋﻲ ) (Interferranceﻭ ﺗﺳﻣﻰ
ﺃﺣﻳﺎﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺅﻟﺅﻳﺔ ) (pearlﻭ ﺗﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﺑﺗﻐﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺑﺈﺧﺗﻼﻑ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺭ !!
ﻓﻣﺛﻼ ﻣﻥ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺗﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺃﺣﻣﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻥ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ ﺗﺭﺍﻩ ﺃﺯﺭﻕ !! ﻭ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻌﻬﺎ
ﻣﻥ ﺷﺭﺍﺋﺢ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﻛﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺑﻭﺏ ﻁﺑﻘﺔ ﺭﻗﻳﻘﺔ ﺟﺩﺍ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺷﺗﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺩﻥ.
ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺳﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻳﺗﺎﻧﻳﻭﻡ
ﻳﻌﺗﺑﺭ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺳﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻳﺗﺎﻧﻳﻭﻡ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻣﻠﻭﻥ ) (pigmentﺃﺑﻳﺽ ﻣﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ
ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺩﻫﺎﻧﺎﺕ ،ﻭ ﺗﺭﺟﻊ ﺃﻫﻣﻳﺗﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺩﺭﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻛﺱ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ
ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺋﻳﺔ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻁﻲ ﺑﻳﺎﺽ ﻭ ﻟﻣﻌﺔ ﻭ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﻐﻁﻳﺔ .
ﻭ ﻳﺗﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺳﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻳﺗﺎﻧﻳﻭﻡ ﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻭﺭﺗﻳﻥ ﺑﻠﻭﺭﻳﺗﻳﻥ ،ﺃﻧﺎﺗﺎﺱ
)(anataseﻭ ﺭﻭﺗﺎﻳﻝ ). (rutile
ﻭ ﻳﻔﺿﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺗﺎﻳﻝ ﻟﻘﺩﺭﺗﻪ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻛﺱ ﺍﻟﺿﻭء ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﺃﺳﺗﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍ ﻣﻥ
ﺍﻷﻧﺎﺗﺎﺱ.
ﻭ ﺃﻏﻠﺏ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺳﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻳﺗﺎﻧﻳﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺎﺡ ﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺎ ﻳﻘﺳﻡ ﺑﻧﺎءﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺟﻡ ﺣﺑﻳﺑﺎﺗﻪ ﻭ
ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻛﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﺳﻁﺣﻪ .
ﺃﻏﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﺻﻧﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺎﺣﺔ ﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﺑﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻏﻳﺭ ﻋﺿﻭﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺃﺣﻳﺎﻧﺎ ﻋﺿﻭﻳﺔ .
ﻭ ﻳﺿﺎﻑ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﺩﺗﺎ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﻠﻳﻛﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻷﻟﻭﻣﻳﻧﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺳﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺷﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﻭ
ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻣﺫﻳﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺿﻭﻳﺔ.
ﻟﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺳﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻳﺗﺎﻧﻳﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺫﺍﺕ ؟؟
ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻳﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﻬﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻳﺛﻳﺑﻭﻥ ،ﺃﻛﺳﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺯﻧﻙ ،ﻛﺑﺭﻳﺗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﻧﻙ ،ﻭ ﺣﺗﻰ
ﻛﺭﺑﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻟﺳﻳﻭﻡ .ﻭ ﻟﻛﻥ ﺭﻏﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺳﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻳﺗﺎﻧﻳﻭﻡ ﺃﻏﻠﻰ ﻛﺛﻳﺭﺍ ﻣﻥ ﻛﻝ ﻫﺫﻩ
ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻧﻅﺭﺍ ﻟﺑﻳﺎﺿﻪ ﺍﻟﺷﺩﻳﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻁﻳﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻳﺔ ،ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺃﻓﺿﻝ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﺻﺗﺎ
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﺽ.
ﻛﺭﺑﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻟﺳﻳﻭﻡ
ﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﺋﺩﻳﻥ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻳﺗﻳﻥ
ﺃﻭﻻً ﻫﻲ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻠﻭﻧﺔ ﺗﻌﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺑﻳﺽ ﺍﻟﺛﻠﺟﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺭﺧﻳﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ
ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻳﺗﺎﻧﻳﻭﻡ ﺩﺍﻳﻭﻛﺳﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺛﺭ ﺷﻳﻭﻋﺎ ً ﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺑﻳﺽ.
ﺛﺎﻧﻳﺎ ً ﻫﻲ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎﻟﺋﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺗﺯﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻠﻭﻳﻧﻪ Fillerﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ
ﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﻧﻅﺭﺍ ً ﻟﺭﺧﺹ ﺳﻌﺭﻫﺎ.
ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻲ ﺳﺗﻳﺭﻳﻥ ﻛﺛﻳﺭﺍ ً ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻛﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟﻛﻥ ﻳﺟﺏ
ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﺻﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺑﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﺑﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻛﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺣﻳﺙ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ
ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻌﻁﻲ ﺧﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﺳﻔﻧﺟﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ ﺁﺧﺭ ﺗﺯﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻧﻔﺎﺫﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﺑﻭﺓ.
ﺃﻭﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺿﻳﻑ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻣﻥ ﻛﺭﺑﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻟﺳﻳﻭﻡ
ﻛﺛﻳﺭﺓ ﻭﻣﻧﻬﺎ
-1.13ﻣﺛﺑﺗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ PVC stabilizers
ﻓﻲ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻲ ﺗﺣﺩﺙ ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﺣﺗﺭﺍﻕ ﻟﻠﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻝ ﺃﺳﻁﻭﺍﻧﺔ
ﺍﻟﺑﺛﻖ ،ﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺳﺣﺏ ﺍﻟﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ 180ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﺋﻭﻳﺔ ،ﻭ
ﻳﺗﺳﺑﺏ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺇﻧﺗﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺳﺧﻳﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺛﻖ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ Thermo
sensorsﻓﻲ ﺃﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻛﻳﻧﺔ ﻋﻥ 180ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ،ﻭ ﺭﺑﻣﺎ
ﺗﺗﺟﺎﻭﺯ 200ﺩﺭﺟﺔ
ﻭ ﻫﻧﺎ ﻳﻼﺣﻅ ﻣﺭﺍﻗﺏ ﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺃﻋﺭﺍﺽ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺣﺗﺭﺍﻕ ﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﻼﺣﻅ ﻭﺟﻭﺩ
ﻧﻘﻁ ﺳﻭﺩﺍء ﻓﻲ ﺣﺑﻳﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ،ﻭ ﻳﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﻣﺭ ﺳﺅﺍء ﻟﻭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﺃﺑﻳﺽ
ﺃﻭ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ .
ﻭ ﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺧﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ
ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻭﺑﺔ ،ﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﻥ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻳﻣﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺗﺣﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭ ﻣﻥ ﺛﻡ ﺗﺧﺗﻔﻲ
ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﺣﺗﺭﺍﻕ.
ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺑﺗﺎﺕ Stabilizersﻭ ﺃﺷﻬﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺃﺭﺧﺻﻬﺎ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺳﺗﻳﺎﺭﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﺭﺻﺎﺹ Lead stearateﻭ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺧﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ
ﺳﻲ .
ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺭﻛﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺻﺎﺹ ﺑﻭﺟﻪ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﺗﺑﺭ ﺷﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺿﺭﺭ ﺑﺻﺣﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺳﺎﻥ ،ﺣﻳﺙ
ﺗﺗﺭﺍﻛﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺳﻡ ﺍﻷﻧﺳﺎﻥ ﻓﺗﺳﺑﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺷﻝ ﺍﻟﻛﻠﻭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﻠﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻛﺑﺩﻱ ،ﻛﻣﺎ ﺗﺳﺑﺏ ﻧﻘﺹ
ﺍﻟﻧﻣﻭ ﺍﻟﺟﻧﺳﻲ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎﻝ ،ﻭ ﺗﺩﻋﻡ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺭﻁﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻭﺭﺍﻡ
،ﻭ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻗﺎﻣﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺑﻠﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺑﻣﻧﻊ ﺇﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ،ﻭﺇﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻝ
ﺑﺩﺍﺋﻝ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ.
ﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻣﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻲ ﻟﻡ ﻳﻣﻧﻊ ﺇﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺇﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﻭ
ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺋﻳﺔ ،ﻓﻣﻧﻊ ﺇﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﻳﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻭﺍﺳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺏ ﻭ
ﺃﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﻌﺎﻡ .ﻭ ﻳﺳﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﺑﺩﻻ ﻣﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﻭ ﺃﻗﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻛﻔﺎءﺓ ﻭ
ﻟﻛﻧﻬﺎ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺿﺎﺭﺓ ﺻﺣﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺳﺗﻳﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻟﺳﻳﻭﻡCalcium stearate
ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﻧﻘﻁ ﺳﻭﺩﺍء ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﻻ ﺗﻌﻧﻰ ﺍﺣﺗﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺑﻝ ﺗﻌﻧﻰ ﺍﻳﺿﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ
ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻛﻳﻧﻪ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺅﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻼﺻﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﺍﺣﺗﺭﻗﺕ ﺑﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﺎﻗﻬﺎ
ﻟﻔﺗﺭﺓ ﺍﻁﻭﻝ ﻣﻥ ﻓﺗﺭﺓ ﺯﻣﻥ ﻣﺭﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻁﺑﻳﻌﻰ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻻ ﺣﺗﺭﺍﻕ ﻓﻳﺣﺩﺙ ﻧﺗﻳﺟﺔ ﻋﺩﻡ
ﺍﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺑﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻻﺻﻝ
ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻟﺳﻳﻭﻡ ﺍﺳﺗﻳﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﻭ ﺣﺎﻣﺽ ﺩﻫﻧﻰ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻻﺣﻣﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺩﻫﻧﻳﺔ ﻻ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺛﺑﺎﺕ
ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺛﺑﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﻫﻭ ﻛﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﺔ ﻋﻣﻝ ﻏﻁﺎء ﺧﻔﻳﻑ ﻟﺟﺯﻯء ﺍﻝ PVC
ﻭﻟﻛﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺣﻣﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻕ ﻓﺳﺑﺣﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺯﻭﻝ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﻁﺎء ﺳﺭﻳﻌﺎ ﻭﻳﺗﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻝ ﺑﻰ ﻓﻰ
ﺳﻰ ﻟﻠﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭﺓ ﻭﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻕ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻟﻡ ﻳﻛﻥ ﻫﻧﺎﻙ ﻣﺛﺑﺕ ﻳﺣﻣﻰ ﺟﺯﻯء PVC
ﻳﻌﺗﺑﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺑﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻯ }ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺑﻠﻳﺯﺍﺭ{ ﺍﻫﻡ ﺍﻻﺿﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺿﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻳﻣﺭ ﻣﻥ
ﺍﺟﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﺍﺛﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﻌﺟﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺷﻛﻳﻝ ﻭﺗﺣﻘﻳﻖ ﺛﺑﺎﺕ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﻯ ﻳﻣﻛﻧﻧﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺭﻭﺝ
ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﺑﺎﻓﺿﻝ ﻋﺟﻥ ﻭﺗﺷﻛﻳﻝ ﻣﻣﻛﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺣﺗﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺗﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﺳﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺋﻭﻳﺔ ﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺑﻠﻳﺯﺍﺭ ﻭﻟﻛﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻳﻥ 2ﺍﻟﻰ 2ﻭﻧﺻﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺣﺳﺏ ﻧﻭﻋﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺑﺕ
ﻭﺟﻭﺩﺗﻪ ﻭﻛﻔﺎﺋﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺫﺍﺩﺕ ﺍﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺭﺭ ﺣﺩﺙ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻧﺻﻬﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻣﻭﺍﺩ
ﻭﺍﻥ ﻗﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺣﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻕ ﻭﻳﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺑﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻯ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺭﻛﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺻﺎﺹ
ﺛﻧﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻝ ﺩﺍﻯ ﺑﻳﺯﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺭﺍﻯ ﺑﻳﺯﻙ ﻭﻟﻛﻝ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻫﻣﻳﺗﻪ
ﻭﻻﻓﺭﻕ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺭﺍﻯ ﻣﻥ ﺣﻳﺙ ﻛﻭﻧﻬﻣﺎ ﻣﺭﻛﺑﺎﺕ ﺭﺻﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻭﺣﻳﺩ ﺍﻥ
ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻯ ﻳﺣﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﺛﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺳﺎﻋﺩﻩ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺟﻥ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺍﻯ ﺍﻫﻣﻳﺗﻪ ﺗﻛﻣﻥ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻓﻰ
ﺗﺣﻘﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺛﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﻻ ﺩﺧﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻰ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﺛﻧﺎء ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺟﻥ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻥ
ﺻﺎﺩﻓﺕ ﻣﺷﺎﻛﻝ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﺗﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻔﺷﻝ ﺍﻟﺻﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺧﺗﺑﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺿﻐﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺭﻭﻧﺔ ﻳﻣﻛﻧﻙ
ﺍﻟﺗﻐﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻥ ﺗﺿﻳﻑ ﻛﻣﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻯ ﺑﻳﺯﻙ ﻣﻧﻔﺻﻝ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺏ ﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺑﺕ ﻓﻰ
ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻁﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺗﻡ ﻧﻘﺻﺎﻥ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻛﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﺍﺿﻳﻔﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻯ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻁﺔ ﻣﻥ
ﺍﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻣﺛﺑﺕ ﻭﺑﺫﻟﻙ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻯ ﺑﺎﻟﺧﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺍﻯ ﻳﺣﻘﻖ ﺫﻟﻙ
ﻋﺟﻥ ﺍﻓﺿﻝ ﻭﺗﻣﺎﺳﻙ ﻭﺗﺟﺎﻧﺱ ﺍﻗﻭﻯ ﻟﻠﺟﺯﻳﺋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺻﻬﺭﺓ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺅﺩﻯ ﻓﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ
ﺍﻻﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﻐﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ ﻓﺷﻝ ﺍﻟﺻﺩﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺿﻐﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺭﻭﻧﺔ ﻛﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﻠﻔﻧﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺎﻝ