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A Hlsl`uoturlsna b d Nus`uodåàa ka Mrdslo vbn `rbs`bkia,
dka dpðs dka, `an dtobtds mrdsloblras hleurdkia bktrb as
nbocarbs ia nukia, b kðs sbkia d sbeukid ndlar lkiústrld
ia Hltkbss ka nukia. Dpbsdr ilssa, d `uoturd ib trblka
`aktlkudvd ibhdsdid, `an `ak`bltas `anpobtdnbktb
uotrdpdssdias b ilstar`lias, tdkta pboas prahlsslakdls qub
dpdrbktdn qub kuk`d trblkdrdn kd vlid, `an suds `dnlsds
paoa bs`rlta "pbrsakdo" kds `astds b d ndked VV dpbrtdid ka
mrdåa, `ana tdnmìn as dtobtds dktleas, sbn hobxlmlolidib b
`dmbåd dmbrtd pdrd pbr`bmbr qub tuia bvaoul b sb dtudolzd.
Vdrd bstbs, hdotdvdn bktbkibr qub d prätl`d sbn `lêk`ld ì
nlstl`lsna, b d `lêk`ld sbn prätl`d ì drraeík`ld.
Xbkia taia bssb `bkärla, bu `anb`bl un trdmdoca ka
lkstderdn pdrd hdzbr und paktb, bktrb d `lêk`ld b a
hlsl`uoturlsna, trdzbkia lkharndåòbs pdrd sb tbr a näxlna
ib clpbrtrahld, `aktbúia bstb qub va`ê tbn deard bn suds
nàas. Ibobltb-sb, b rbvaou`lakb sud ndkblrd ib trblkdr.
Nlkcd nlssàa ì trdzbr as prlk`îplas ia rbdo maiymuloilke æ
takd, ilvlrtd-sb `an bssb euld lktraiutðrla pdrd
trblkdnbkta, par qub dssln `ana un man trblka, as
`aktbúias vlràa pbsdias.
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Bu sau a Xltar Mlzza, trblkdiar, dtobtd b
hleurd
ndr`dktb
ka
lkstderdn,
hleurd
ka
hlsl`uoturlsna mrdsloblra jä hdz qudsb 46
dkas, tbkia pdrtl`lpdia id prlnblrd
erdkib rbvaouåàa ka `akcb`lnbkta ka
bspartb, d brd EC42, b deard
bk`dmbådkia d sbeukid erdkib
rbvaouåàa, d ia trblkdnbkta.B deard
bk`dmbådkia d sbeukid erdkib
rbvaouåàa, d ia trblkdnbkta.
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=. Dhlkdo: A qub ì trblka haha1
0. Ib akib vbn d clpbrtrahld ia trblka haha1
9. Clpbrtrahld `an mdlxds `dreds b suds ibsvdktdebks
2. Clpbrtrahld `an mdlxds `dreds Bxlstb, nds ì und nbrid!
8. Pb a nús`uoa qublnau a trblka hal man! sbrä nbsna1
5. Clpbrtrahld kàa ì ranpbr hlmrd
3. lsanbtrld sbrvb pdrd doeund `alsd au ì sð ndls und hahurd1
<. lsanbtrld sbrvb pdrd doeund `alsd au ì sð ndls und hahurd1
46 .Nl`ra-obsàa nus`uodr ì slkdo ib clpbrtrahld1
44. Pbktlr qub va`ê pbeau pbsdia kàa sleklhl`d kdid!
4=. Pln, ì passîvbo va`ê tbr d `pg dotd b dlkid sln trblkdr haha
40. Ybkca pau`a tbnpa pdrd trblkdr, a qub hdåa pdrd kàa trblkdr haha1
49. md`g-ahh sbts, a sberbia ia `dnp jdksbk
42. Yrblka haha pdrd nuocbrbs1 Dotds rbpbtlåòbs b mdlxd `dred1
48. Vbslkca obvb pdrd trblkdnbkta hbnlklka1
45. Ilvlsàa ib trblka pdrd nuocbrbs
43. Tudo d nbocar hrbquêk`ld ib trblka1
4<. Cä mbkbhî`las ib trblka `an ha`a bn strbss nbtdmðol`a/sdr`apodsnätl`a
=6. "@dred kàa ì lnpartdktb" a tbrrdpodklsna id nus`uodåàa naibrkd
=4. Xa`ê kàa prb`lsd ib nìtaias
==. @dred kàa obslakd, a qub obslakd ì a trblka murra
=0. Pb kàa pbrlailzdr,vdl b obslakdr
=9. Ptrbss nbtdmðol`a kàa `dusd clpbrtrahld
=2. Yrblka rbebkbrdtlva, nbocar ndkblrd ib ib sbr hbltd
=8. Clpbrtrahld b Vunp, kàa ì punp b clpbrtrahld
=5. Pbrä qub va`ê sdmb trdmdocdr `an dotds rbpbtlåòbs1
=3. @cbedr dtì d hdocd `an dotds `dreds1
=<. Dprbkid: Xa`ê kàa ì a Iarldk \dtbs
06. Bktbkibkia a trblka ia 8x Nr.Aoynpld Iarldk \dtbs
04. Nds id pdrd trblkdr `ana a Iarldk1
0=. Xa`ê pravdvbonbktb bktbkibu a Nbktzbr brrdia! ( Bu tdnmbn)
00. @diêk`ld ibvdedr kàa ebrd ndls clpbrtrahld!
09. Dtobtds bxpbrlbktbs trblkdn nbkas b `rbs`bn ndls1
02. Bssb ì a sberbia ias Nr's. Aoynplds
08. Mdlxds `dreds b dotds rbpbtlåòbs pdrd clpbrtrahld ib hlmrds ia tlpa-4
05. Navlnbktdr a pbsa ndls ibvdedr kàa dunbktd d tbksàa nus`uodr
03. Lktbkslidib ì `dred, a rbsta ì muoosclt!
0<. Pb `dred ebrd clpbrtrahld, par qub kàa trblkdnas dpbkds und 4]N
96. Yrblka pbsdia ì a trblka pbsdia pdrd va`ê!
94. Bxb`uåàa ì und `akstdktb, kàa und vdrlävbo
9=. Ds 0 nbocarbs ndkblrds ib sb hdzbr praerbssàa ib `dred
90. D úkl`d ilhbrbkåd bktrb Vawbrolhtlke b Maiymuloilke ì: A vaounb tatdo
99. D nbocar ndkblrd ib sb hdzbr @oustbr Pbt
92. @aktlkub trblkdkia bn dota vaounb
98. Xa`ê tbn ib trblkdr `ana un bkebkcblra
95. Ds 2 úotlnds rbpbtlåòbs sàa ds id clpbrtrahld
93. A qub dtrdpdocd sbus mrdåas ib `rbs`br ì sud pdrdkald bn sbktlr a trblka "pbedr"
9<. Vdkturrlocd: Dotds rbpbtlåòbs b mdlxd `drd1 Ib jblta Kbkcun
26. EXY kàa ì und mad nbtaiaoaeld, bu passa pravdr
24. D hdiled ia PK@ b sbu praerbssa
Ol`bk`ldia pdrd - Hrdk`ls`a Ycldea Haksb`d Olnd - 60<0264300< - Vratbelia par Biuzz.`an
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Pb va`ê jä nb d`anpdkcd ibvb nb vbr hdodkia bssb tbrna b `an
taid `brtbzd nultd ebktb kàa sdmb ia qub sb trdtd au d`cd qub
sdmb.
A Yrblka haha kàa sb trdtd sanbktb ia rdkeb ib rbps, sb va`ê
`cbed dtì d hdocd `an Pbls rbpbtlåòbs dlkid cä sln und
passlmlolidib ib va`ê trblkdr haha.Kàa sb trdtd ib va`ê usdr au kàa
tì`kl`ds `ana ml-sbts au irap-sbts, bt`. Dlkid cä `cdk`b ib va`ê
trblkdr
nbsna
qub va`ê
usb kbkcund.
A Yrblka
Kàa sbhaha
trdtd
ib `cbedr
dtì kàa
d hdocd
au kàa `cbedr.
`cbedr
. KàaHaha
sb trdtd
ib hdzbr mdlxa, nìila au dota vaounb ib trblka.
D vbridib qub a hdtar prlk`lpdo qub ibtbrnlkd d hahurd, d vdrlävbo
ndls lnpartdktb, d pdrtb `ru`ldo ia trblka qub ibtbrnlkd sb un
trblka ì haha au kàa ì a tbnpa ib ibs`dksa bktrb ds sìrlbs. Kàa
lnpartd sb va`ê usd und `dred qub hdocd `an 8 rbps. Pb v`
ibs`dksd nbkas ib 4 nlkuta va`ê trblkd haha. Plnpobs dssln...
Bu jä hlz und pastdebn samrb a tbnpa ib ibs`dksa bktrb ds
sìrlbs, bstä tuia ibtdocdia oä, nds a rbsuna ì qub: Hdiled par sl
sð kàa ebrd clpbrtrahld.
clpbrtrahld. A qub ebrd ndxlnd clpbrtrahld ì `cbedr
pbrta au kd hdiled `an und `dred d`lnd ib 56% ia sbu ]N.
]N .
B d úkl`d ndkblrd ib trdmdocdr `an bssd qudktlidib ib `dred ì
tbkia maks ibs`dksas bktrb ds sìrlbs qub pbrnltb sbu `arpa
hdzbr d rbsslktbsb ib DYV b ndktbr d lktbkslidib (@D]ED) dotd
iurdktb taia a trblka. Ì prd hlkdolzdr: A PY]BPP NBYDMÐOL@A
PAZLKCA KÀA @DRPD CLVB]Y]AHLD...
]bhbrêk`lds:
Ycb Nb`cdklsns ah Nus`ob Cypbrtrapcy dki Ycblr Dppol`dtlak ta ]bslstdk`b YrdlklkeP`cabkhboi, Mrdi J.Oakebr
lktbrsbt rbst pbrlais bkcdk`b nus`ob strbketc dki cypbrtrapcy lk rbslstdk`b-trdlkbi nbk. J Ptrbketc @aki ]bs 06(5):
4362-434=, =648 P`cabkhboi, MJ, Vapb, ZG, Mbklg, HN, Cbstbr, EN, Pboobrs, J, Kaakbr, JO, P`ckdltbr, JD, Maki-Ulooldns,
GB, @drtbr, DP, ]ass, @O, Just, MO, Cbksbondks, N, dki Grlbebr, JU.Pcart lktbr ‖sbt rbst moukts rbslstdk`b bxbr`lsb‖
lkiu`bi lk`rbdsbs lk nyahlmrloodr pratblk syktcbsls dki lktrd`boouodr slekdoolke lk yauke ndobsJdnbs N`Gbkiry Dombrta
Vìrbz‖Oðpbz Nl`cdbo N`Obai Idk Oua Jbssl`d ]. Ibkt Mbkalt Pnbuklkx Jlkeobl \u Dkebod B. Ydyoar Dkirbw Vclop Oblec
Mr
Ol`bk`ldia pdrd - Hrdk`ls`a
Ycldea Haksb`d Olnd - 60<0264300< - Vratbelia par Biuzz.`an
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Nulta sb bspb`uod samrb as tlpas ib clpbrtrahld b suds vlds ib slkdolzdåàa.
Bstdnas `anbådkia sð deard d tbr un bktbkilnbkta, qub bstä oakeb ib sbr
dprahukidia, samrb clpbrtrahld nlahlmrlodr x sdr`apodsndtl`d.
Bstuias qub `anpdrdn clpbrtrahld ib dotds `dreds S mdlxds `dreds kàa lsaodn
ib akib vbn bssd clpbrtrahld.
clpbrtrahld.
B dpbsdr ib kd vlsàa `lbktîhl`d bobs sb `akslibrdrbn `rùkl`as, sdmbnas qub 4=,
48 sbndkds sb trdtdkia ib hîsl`a kàa ì doea `rùkl`a b sln deuia...
Bssd clpbrtrahld ì a qub bktàa1
Hlmrds ia tlpa 4 `rbs`bkia1
Hlmrds ia tlpa = `rbs`bkia par sbrbn rb`rutdids pbod hdiled1 Plkdolzdåàa
clpbrtrahl`d dtrdvìs ib nbtdmðoltas1 Od`tdta1 Clpbrtrahld ia sdr`apodsnd1
Kbkcun bstuia `aksbeulu lsaodr lssa dtì deard. Bobs slnpobsnbktb dhlrndn
‟trblkdr `an `dreds obvbs id ndkblrd S `dusd dunbkta id ärbd ib sb`åàa
trdksvbrsd ia nús`uoa id ndkblrd \„
Vdrdkia prd pbksdr kd oðel`d, ibktra ib `akcb`lnbktas qub tbnas, bu
d`rbilta ka sbeulktb: Hlmrd ia tlpa 4 kàa clpbrtrahld ib ndkblrd
rbobvdktb pdrd vaounb nus`uodr, `ana jä dpaktbl bn und pastdebn
samrb.Nbtdmðoltas
samrb
.Nbtdmðoltas kàa slkdolzdn clpbrtrahld par vlds ilrbtds leudo tdnmìn jä
dpaktbl.
Bktàa a ‟trblka haha„ qub ndls hdz sbktlia, dtì parqub kàa ì un trblka obvb,
sbrld a PPY
PPY.. Vbksdkia ka sdr`apodsnd ib hdta. Nds bob kàa ì obvb parqub bob
kàa sb mdsbld bn `dreds obvbs, sb dmrb a trblka `an `dreds pbsdids, sb utlolzd
ib `oustbrs pdrd patbk`ldolzdr lssa, sb slkdolzd d clpbrtrahld nlahlmrlodr b sð
ibpals id nbtdib pdrd hrbktb qub pbksd bn bxpdkilr a sdr`apodsnd `an ds
tì`kl`ds. Pð vbr as trblkas ia Kl`aods Xuoolaui b ia Mdrrlas sb bobs trblkdn obvb.
D mdsb qub sustbktd taia a pra`bssa sàa ds `dreds. B ibpals `ana
`aksbquêk`ld vbn as nbtdmðoltas, qub ibktra ib un `äo`uoa `aktraodia sbrvbn
pdrd un hln.
Nds sbn ds `dreds, a hîsl`a ibssbs `drds jdndls sbrld `ana ì. A sst dqul ì sð
un bxbnpoa ndls pdopävbo ia amjbtlva ibssd pastdebn: sb har pdrd va`ê pbksdr
bn qudoqubr autra tlpa ib clpbrtrahld doìn id divlkid ia tbkslakdo, bsqub`b
bssb pdpa ib lsaodr hlmrds ia tlpa 4 au bktàa mus`dr d qublndåàa pbksdkia
qub a od`tdta vdl slkdolzdr clpbrtrahld.
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Pb va`ê jä nb d`anpdkcd sdmb: A dspb`ta ia hîsl`a, qub pravdvbonbktb sb iä
pbod prbianlkík`ld id clpbrtrahld sdr`apodsnätl`d samrb d nlahlmrlodr (akib d`aktb`b
a `akträrla qudkia sb trblkd pbsdia), nds kàa paibnas dhlrndr `an `brtbzd.
Bktrbtdkta, pdrd d hbol`lidib ias vl`ldias
vl`ldias bn drtleas `lbktîhl`as qub sð oêbn a
dmstrd`t, tdnmìn cä ibsvdktdebks amjbtlvds.
@ana ibnakstrdia bn =645 pboa P`cabkhboi bn sud nbtd-dkäolsb, paib-sb
amtbr rbsuotdias sbnbocdktbs bn clpbrtrahld qudkia sb trblkd `an dotd
lktbkslidib b mdlxd lktbkslidib, ibsib qub trblkdkia `an mdlxd lktbkslidib
va`ê vä doìn id hdiled b `cbeub ib hdta d hdocd `ak`êktrl`d (lssa d`aktb`brä
bn tarka ib ndls ib 42 rbpbtlåòbs b nbkas ib =2 qudkia hblta `an 86% id ]N)
pdrd bktàa, sbeulkia d oðel`d ib kb`bsslidib, sbu nús`uoa tbkcd qub rb`rutdr ds
uklidibs natards ib dota tdndkca b olnldr pdrd bxb`utdr bssd tdrbhd ib dotd
ilhl`uoidib, uklidibs qub sbrldn rb`rutdids ibsib d prlnblrd rbpbtlåàa sb `an dotd
lktbkslidib.
Bktàa vdnas ds ibsvdktdebks,
ibsvdktdebks, tuia rbtlrdia ids pbsqulsds ia odmardtðrla
ia F`crlsdmbdrisoby , rbhbrêk`ld nakstrd:
4. Vrlnblra, sdmbnas qub d clpbrtrahld d`aktb`b pboa bstînuoa ib trdmdoca id
tbksàa nus`uodr kds rbpbtlåòbs ndls ilhî`bls qub ibndkidn rb`rutdnbkta
ibssds uklidibs natards. @an mdlxds `dreds bods trdmdocdrldn ndls au nbkas
kds úotlnds 2 rbpbtlåòbs, b `an `dreds dotds bn taia a bspb`tra ib rbpbtlåòbs
paibkia `cbedr dtì 4=. Nulta ndls tbnpa sam bstînuoa, ndls clpbrtrahld.
=. Tudkta ndls rbpbtlåòbs b ndls nbtdmðoltas, ndls samrb`dred ia PK@,
qudkta ndls samrb`dred ia PK@, ndls rbiuz d `dpd`lidib ib rb`rutdnbkta
ids uklidibs natards dova,
dova, qub d oakea prdza rbiuzlrä a patbk`ldo clpbrtrðhl`a
ibssb trblkdnbkta.
0. D kb`bsslidib ib lr sbnprb dtì d hdocd tdnmìn ebrd und bkarnb samrb`dred ia
PK@, qub sb sand `an a ltbn dktbrlar b hdz `an qub d prðprld ndkamrd prd ebrdr
clpbrtrahld `an mdlxds `dreds d`dmb sdmatdkia bssd clpbrtrahld.
c lpbrtrahld.
9. As ials ltbks dktbrlarbs sandias a`dslakdn und kb`bsslidib ib ndls
ibs`dksa bktrb as trblkas, bxtrdpaodkia 5= cards,
cards, harådkia d pbrlailzdåàa d sb
dibqudr d bssb d`únuoa ib `dksdåa qub kbn tbn `arrbodåàa ilrbtd `an
clpbrtrahld, prbjuil`dkia a rbkilnbkta b a vaounb tatdo sbndkdo, a qub tdnmìn
sdmatd d clpbrtrahld.
Bktàa, ndls und vbz, d kàa sbr qub sbjd und pbssad `an olnltdåòbs
o lnltdåòbs ibvlia
iabkåds au obsòbs,
obsòbs, a trdmdoca `an dotd lktbkslidib dibqudid da lkilvîiua sbnprb
sbrä d nbocar olkcd ib trblkdnbkta pdrd näxlnas rbsuotdias. Deard, sb har
und pbssad qub kàa eastd ib trblkdr pbsdia, sbnprb tbn a `rasshlt `ana apåàa.
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Pln, ì passîvbo `rbs`br `an mdlxds `dreds. D clpbrtrahld `anbåd d sb tarkdr bhbtlvd d pdrtlr ib
Pln,
86% id ]N. Varìn,bxlstb und `alsd qub IBXB PB] OBNM]DID: d `lêk`ld sð ì `dpdz ib
nbksurdr `rbs`lnbkta. Clpbrtrahld
Clpbrtrahld.. As `anpdrdtlvas ias drtleas `lbktîhl`as sb olnltdn d lssa,
pals ì a úkl`a `rltìrla amjbtlva qub bobs tbn æ ilspaslåàa b bobs prb`lsdn sbr amjbtlvas.
Bktrbtdkta, pdrd kðs, sð `rbs`br kàa ì a mdstdktb.
mdstdktb. D ibkslidib b a dspb`ta ia scdpb,
prahukilidib ias `artbs, sàa tàa lnpartdktbs qudkta d clpbrtrahld bn sl. Kàa ì sð `rbs`br,
nds tdnmìn `ana `rbs`br, b d `lêk`ld kàa nbksurd lssa.
Bktàa qudkia as pbrsakdozlkcas ndklpuodiarbs ib vdrlävbls vbn `an drtleas `lbktîhl`as
kàa ì ib sb bspdktdr qub bobs kàa bktbkibn lssa, pals sð
sð qubn vlvb bktbkib.
bktbkib. Bobs ndo
trblkdn.
Doìn ilssa, d clpbrtrahld `an mdlxds `dreds sð sb nastrd bhbtlvd bn lkilvîiuas kàa
trblkdias b rdrdnbktb bn lkilvîiuas lktbrnbilärlas. Dpbsdr id sud ndlar `dpd`lidib
ib strbss nbtdmðol`a, d qudktlidib ib tbksàa nus`uodr ì lkbhl`lbktb pdrd a rb`rutdnbkta ids
uklidibs natards ib dota olnldr b tdndkca, sbkia passîvbo sanbktb doìn id hdiled b ibktra
id jä tatdo hdocd `ak`êktrl`d, akib d `dpd`lidib pdrd dtlkelr lssa sb tarkd nulta rbstrltd ä
pau`as lkilvîiuas ibktra ids d`dibnlds. Doeuks
D oeuks bstuias ibnakstrdn qub dotds rbpbtlåòbs b
partdkta, usa ib mdlxds samrb`dreds sàa ndls bhbtlvas pdrd slkdolzdåàa ib clpbrtrahld kds
hlmrds ib `aktrdåàa-obktd, bktrbtdkta, d rbspastd clpbrtrðhl`d
c lpbrtrðhl`d ids nbsnds ibktra ib un
`anpdrdtlva pdrb`b sbr mdlxd b ds olnltdåòbs pdrd ibhlklr d prbianlkík`ld ib hlmrd bn `did
nús`uoa ib `did lkilvîiua tarkd lkvlävbo bssb tlpa ib prbs`rlåàa, hdzbkia `an qub a trblka
pbsdia `akvbk`lakdo `aktlkub sbkia d nbocar dpastd, prlk`lpdonbktb `akslibrdkia
a maiymuloilke `an usa ib breaeêkl`as akib bobs pbrnltbn und trdkslåàa ia tlpa
ib hlmrd.
Au
sbjd, va`ê
paib dtì
trblkdr
haha, au ib
prbedr
trblka nds:
haha prd
vbkibr
sbuhaha
praiuta
pbssads
prbeulåasds
qub
kàa qubrbn
hdta atrblkdr,
a scdpb
sbrä
b asprds
edkcas
sbràa sumndxlnas.
Kàa sb bspdktb sb vbr doeuìn erdkib trblkdkia haha, bspb`ldonbktb nuocbr qub kàa tbn
und dvdoldåàa `rîtl`d ids pbssads mus`dkia ibkslidib as `artbs, lssa ì sln passîvbo,
bspb`ldonbktb `an mad ebkìtl`d b ds pdrdilkcds bn jaea.
]bhbrêk`lds:
@dnpas, EB, Oub`gb, YJ, Ubkibok, CG, Yand, G, Cdebrndk, H@, Nurrdy, YH, ]dee, GB, ]dtdnbss, KD, Grdbnbr, UJ, dki
Ptdrak, ]P. Nus`uodr didptdtlaks lk rbspaksb ta tcrbb ilhhbrbkt rbslstdk`b-trdlklke rbelnbks: Ppb`lhl`lty ah rbpbtltlak
ndxlnun trdlklke zakbs. Bur J Dppo Vcyslao 33: 26-86, =66=
Caon,
O, ]bltbosbibr,
P, Vbibrsbk,
YE, Iabsslke,lkP,rbspaksb
Vbtbrsbk,taPE,
Hoyvmjbre,bxbr`lsb
D, Dkibrsbk,
JO, Ddeddri,
V, dki
Gjdbr, N.
@cdkebs
lk nus`ob slzb
dki NC@ `anpasltlak
rbslstdk`b
wltc cbdvy
dki olect
oadilke
lktbkslty. J Dppo Vcyslao 462: 4929-4984, =663
N`Iakdec, NJK dki Idvlbs, @YN. Didptlvb rbspaksb ah ndnndoldk sgbobtdo nus`ob ta bxbr`lsb wltc clec oadis. Bur J
Dppo Vcyslao 2=: 40<-422, 4<39.
Ol`bk`ldia pdrd - Hrdk`ls`a Ycldea Haksb`d Olnd - 60<0264300< - Vratbelia par Biuzz.`an
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Var qub d VPB,(Vbr`bpåàa sumjbtlvd ib Bsharåa, d sbksdåàa),
sbksdåàa ), a sbktlnbkta ib trblka
lktbksa qub d ndlarld ids pbssads tbn dtrdpdocd tdkta ds `alsds, DOÌN ib kàa sbr
lktbkslidib `ana bu jä hdobl1
Bxlstbn ials ‟sbktlr pbedr„,
pbedr„, ibktrb bobs: trblka lktbksa b a ib trblka haha.
Tubn trblkd pbsdia jä sdmb d ilhbrbkåd bktàa vau nb dtbktdr sanbktb da trblka haha.
Dqubod qublndåàa ka nús`uoa qub va`ê sbktb `an sbu trblka ibs`dksdkia 06 sbeukias,
`an `dred obvb qub sbu prahbssar hdod qub jä ì suhl`lbktb pals sbu nús`uoa ‟kàa `aktd `dred„
sb iä pboa d`únuoa ib nbtdmðoltas `ana od`tdta, îaks ib cliraeêkl`a, hashdta
lkareíkl`a, `rbdtlkd b autras. Bssb strbss nbtdmðol`a slkdolzd sln clpbrtrahld, par vlds
carnakdls, lk`cdåa `bouodr, praiuåàa ib rdil`dls olvrbs b dunbkta kd dtlvlidib ib hdtarbs ib
trdks`rlåàa ib `rbs`lnbkta.
Bktrbtdkta, taids bssd slkdolzdåòbs bstàa dmdlxa bn prlarlidib ia prlk`lpdo nbla ib
slkdolzdåàa ib clpbrtrahld: tbksàa nus`uodr pdrd dota rb`rutdnbkta ib uklidibs
natards ib ndlar tdndkca ib olnldr.
olnldr.
Tub suds vlds ib slkdolzdåàa sàa: rbspastd naob`uodr b `bouodr bn nlahlmrlods b `ìouods
sdtìoltbs, bvbktas qub bkvaovbn hdtarbs ib `rbs`lnbkta, `lta`lkds, `dkdls dtlvdias par
bstlrdnbkta, `anpobxas ib dibsàa oa`do, vld: Dgt/Ntar, @DNGLL, @DNGLX, VG@, bt` bt` b
ndls bt` pq tbn nulta ndls.
Doìn ilssa, sb kàa hassb a mdstdktb d tbksàa nus`uodr/lktbkslidib/samrb`dred delr bn
nultas ndls vlds, tdnmìn ì ibnakstrdia pbod `lêk`ld qub tdkta a strbss nbtdmðol`a qudkta a
idka nus`uodr sb tarkdn lrrbobvdktbs pdrd clpbrtrahld sbn d slkdolzdåàa id Ybksàa
Nus`uodr par nbla ia rb`rutdnbkta ids uklidibs natards ib dota olnldr, qudkia sb
`anpdrd a dnmlbktb id nus`uodturd ib un `l`olstd ib Iawkcloo, `cbla ib strbss nbtdmðol`a b
idka
nus`uodr
qudkta ib un
hlsl`uoturlstd, parìn a `l`olstd kàa tbn d samrb`dred
praerbsslvd
qubtdkta
un hlsl`uoturlstd
tbn.
Bktàa, par ndls qub d pbr`bpåàa ib bsharåa passd sbr útlo ibktra ib ibtbrnlkdids
`lr`ukstík`lds (lktbkslidib dotd d`lnd ib 36% id ]N, vaounb dota, bxb`uåàa `arrbtd b d hdocd
au qudsb-hdocd nus`uodr ibktra id ndrebn ib 3 d 4= rbpbtlåòbs), sbn d `arrbtd dibqudåàa
ibstds vdrlävbls, hl`dr oä sbktlkia qub pbeau b qublnau a nús`uoa b d`rbiltdr ka sbu
prahbssar qub qubr qub va`ê hdåd un trblka räplia prd bob sb olvrdr oaea ib va`ê, b obvb prd
bob kàa tbr qub bkslkdr va`ê d trblkdr ilrblta, vdl tb iblxdr `an kdid ib rbsuotdias.Dtì par
qub, bu kbn prb`lsdvd tbr ilta tuia lssa, brd sð pbksdr: `arrb 4 card kd vboa`lidib 46 kd
bstblrd, sud pbrkd vdl hl`dr ‟pbedkia„ prd `drdoca, nds va`ê vdl tbr pbrkds ib hlsl`uoturlstd1
BR D@CA TRB KÀA.
]bhbrêk`lds:
‟Ycb Nb`cdklsns ah Nus`ob Cypbrtrapcy dki Ycblr Dppol`dtlak ta ]bslstdk`b Yrdlklke„P`cabkhboi, Mrdi JJaurkdo ah
Ptrbketc dki @akiltlaklke ]bsbdr`c
‟Iabs Bxbr`lsb-Lkiu`bi Nus`ob Idndeb Vody d ]aob lk Pgbobtdo Nus`ob Cypbrtrapcy1„P`cabkhboi, Mrdi J.Jaurkdo ah
Ptrbketc dki @akiltlaklke ]bsbdr`c
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Pln, bu sbl. Xa`ê tä puta deard. Yä oau`a prd nb xlkedr, bs`rbvbr a kúnbra ia sbu @]BH,
akib jä sb vlu, tuia a qub v` sdmld samrb clpbrtrahld b bssb mailmuloil tä ilzbkia qub tä
brrdia. Dquloa qub dlkid bkslkdn kds hd`uoidibs, lssa ì lksdklidib! Nds ì d vbridib. B kàa
sb prba`upb, bu tdnmìn hul prd hd`uoidib. Kàa mdrrdn maiymuloibr kd partd.
Var nulta tbnpa sb d`cau qub a pra`bssa ib clpbrtrahld brd bssd clstarlkcd `oässl`d ib a
nús`uoa sb nd`cu`d, bob sb rbebkbrd, bob `rbs`b. Nds kàa ì mbn dssln. Ì un pra`bssa
mlaquînl`a nulta ndls dprahukidia b nuotl-hdtarldo, bktrbtdkta, tbn sln und vld
ndls lnpartdktb. D Nb`dka Yrdksiuåàa.
D`aktb`b qub ds nl`ra-obsòbs kàa sàa und `dusd id clpbrtrahld, b sln und `aksbquêk`ld ia
trblkdnbkta, b sud slkdolzdåàa lkhodndtðrld tbn rbodåàa `an a pra`bssa ib rbpdrdåàa tb`liudo B
KÀA `an a dunbkta id ärbd ib sb`åàa trdksvbrsd b sîktbsb pratbl`d.
D clpbrtrahld vbn id YBKPÀA NRP@ROD], ebrdid pbod `dred, akib as
nb`dkarb`bptarbs kd pdrbib `bouodr, bstlnuodias par bssd tbksàa slkdolzdn d
olmbrdåàa ia Ä`lia Hashdtlil`a, qub par sud vbz slkdolzd d sîktbsb pratbl`d par hartb
dtlvdåàa id vld nYar.
Lk`ouslvb, idka nus`uodr sbn tbksàa nus`uodr kàa ebrd clpbrtrahld. Ybn und pbsqulsd nulta
mad ia P`cabkhboi qub `anpdrd a idka nus`uodr id pbrkd ib un `arrbiar ib trlocd b ib un
prdtl`dktb ib nus`uodåàa b sàa slnlodrbs, bktrbtdkta sð d nus`uodåàa pbod samrb`dred
slkdolzd sîktbsb pratbl`d.
]bhbrêk`lds:
‟Iabs Bxbr`lsb-Lkiu`bi Nus`ob Idndeb Vody d ]aob lk Pgbobtdo Nus`ob Cypbrtrapcy1„P`cabkhboi
‟]beuodtlak ah nYA] my nb`cdkl`dooy lkiu`bi slekdolke bvbktas lk sgbobtdo nus`ob„Carkmbrebr, Mdou Pugcljd, Pcu
@clbk
‟Nb`cdkl`do Plekdo trdksiu`tlak lk sgbobtdo Nus`ob Erawtc dki didptdtlak„Ylimdoo
Ol`bk`ldia pdrd - Hrdk`ls`a Ycldea Haksb`d Olnd - 60<0264300< - Vratbelia par Biuzz.`an
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@an bssd nailkcd lksupartävbo ib ndklpuodr vdrlävbls,
vdrlävbls, pbrsakdozlkcas qub
ibnaklzdn `dred b `olbktbs qub sð qubrbn sbktlr qublndr b kàa hdzbr haråd, d
lsanbtrld edkcau un ouedr `dtlva bn ilvbrsas trblkas, bspb`ldonbktb paslåàa ib
`diblrd kd pdrbib ka trblka hbnlklka. Nds sbrä qub prbstd prd doea1
Pbeukia d oltbrdturd, d lsanbtrld
lsanbtrld tbn rbodåàa IL]BYD `an edkca ib haråd b
kàa clpbrtrahld,
clpbrtrahld, `an nanbktas prðxlnas ä 46 sbeukias `an dotds `dreds (idî
va`ê vê qub dqubob hdnasa nìtaia kàa sbrvb prd nultd `alsd), bktrbtdkta, bod
paib tbr sln sud rbodåàa lkilrbtd. Ilrbtd kàa ì, pals d clpbrtrahld b d
nb`dkatrdksiuåàa ibpbkib id bkbreld nb`íkl`d ebrdid pboa doakednbkta d
`aktrdåàa.
Hdodkia id sud rbodåàa lkilrbtd, bod paib: dunbktdr a YRY
YRY,, dunbktdkia bktàa
vaounb7 dunbktdr d qudktlidib ib nbtdmaoltas, dunbktdkia a strbss nbtdmðol`a
(nds tdnmìn dunbktd d hdiled ia PK@ par lssa)7 dunbktdr d slkdolzdåàa ib
EC b LEH4/NEH (tdovbz dqul sð lktbrbssb d qubn kàa usd EC)7
EC)7 dunbktdr
haråd, a qub pbrnltb dunbktdr d Lktbkslidib, b sb d pbssad `aoa`dr lssa bn
prätl`d (`alsd qub kàa d`aktb`b nulta) lrä nbocardr a trblka.
Ibktra ibssds `akslibrdåòbs, pbr`bmb-sb qub dpbsdr ib ndsslvdnbktb usdid, d
lsanbtrld tbn dpol`dåòbs mbn bspb`îhl`ds b ibvb sbr usdid ib ndkblrd `arrbtd
prd tbr doeund rbobvík`ld b kàa sbr pbrid ib tbnpa. .B va`ê, eastd ib usdr1 Bu
pdrtl`uodrnbktb prbhlra `aktlkudr obvdktdkia pbsa pbsdia
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Pb va`ê prdtl`d nus`uodåàa cä doeun tbnpa, pravdvbonbktb jä auvlu d sbeulktb bxpol`dåàa: "A
trblkdnbkta idklhl`d sbus nús`uoas. Pbus nús`uoas bktàa sb rb`upbrdn, hl`dkia
ndlarbs b ndls hartbs ka pra`bssa. „Nds
„Nds ì rbdonbktb vbridib1
Bn =646, Mrdi P`cabkhboi pumol`au a qub sb tarkdrld un drtlea `oässl`a bn kassa `dnpa: ‟As
nb`dklsnas id clpbrtrahld nus`uodr b sud dpol`dåàa ka trblkdnbkta ib rbslstêk`ld.„ Kbssb
drtlea, bob "clpatbtlzau" qub três hdtarbs prlk`lpdls sàa rbspaksävbls par lkl`ldr d rbspastd
clpbrtrðhl`d da bxbr`î`la rbslstlia : tbksàa nb`íkl`d, idka nus`uodr b bstrbssb
nbtdmðol`a. Bn rbodåàa das idkas nus`uodrbs, P`cabkhboi bs`rbvbu qub, sam `brtds
`akilåòbs, a idka "ì tbarlzdia" pdrd ebrdr und rbspastd clpbrtrðhl`d. Bob `ltau qudtra rbvlsòbs,
un bstuia bn rdtas b un bstuia samrb canbks ndls vbocas lkjbtdias `an tbstastbrakd qub
kàa trblkdrdn. Bn autrds pdodvrds, pdrb`b qub, kd ìpa`d, bssd clpðtbsb dlkid kàa cdvld slia
tbstdid harndonbktb bn un bstuia ib trblkdnbkta. Ials dkas ibpals, bn =64=, P`cabkhboi
pumol`au und mrbvb rbvlsàa samrb bssb nbsna tðpl`a: ‟A idka nus`uodr lkiuzlia pboa bxbr`î`la
ibsbnpbkcd un pdpbo kd clpbrtrahld ia nús`uoa bsquboìtl`a1„ Bob `ak`oulu qub ‟und rbodåàa
ib `dusd-bhblta vlk`uod ilrbtdnbktb Widka nus`uodr æ clpbrtrahld^ dlkid bstä pdrd sbr
bstdmbob`lia. " Tudtra dkas ibpals, bn =648, bob `cbeau æ nbsnd `ak`ousàa bn sbu olvra
*@lêk`ld b ibsbkvaovlnbkta id clpbrtrahld nus`uodr. Kbssb olvra, bob tdnmìn ils`utlu as
‟ibsdhlas æ clpðtbsb ib idka nus`uodr lkiuzlia pboa bxbr`î`la„ b amsbrvau qub d `arrlid bn
ib`olvb paib lkiuzlr idkas sleklhl`dtlvas da tb`lia nus`uodr sbn `rbs`lnbkta `arrbspakibktb,
`ltdkia und rbvlsàa ib Mrbktdka b Grubo (=644).
(=644). @an mdsb kbssd amsbrvdåàa, bob `ak`oulu
qub "a idka nus`uodr par sl sð kàa ì suhl`lbktb pdrd lkiuzlr un `rbs`lnbkta nus`uodr
sleklhl`dtlva". B qub, sb ibsbnpbkcdr un pdpbo, "paibrä hdzê-oa dpbkds kd prbsbkåd ib
samrb`dred nb`íkl`d mdsbdid kd rbslstêk`ld"
Bssd `dusd `anpakbktb kàa pdrb`b kb`bssärld pdrd d clpbrtrahld. Lssa suebrb qub ì ib
nbkar lnpartík`ld b obvd d d`rbiltdr qub ibsbnpbkcd un pdpbo nîklna kd clpbrtrahld
nus`uodr bn ebrdo.
Bn autrds pdodvrds d `lêk`ld ibs`amrlu qub: A idka nus`uodr, qub dktbs brd `akslibrdia a
hdtar prlk`lpdo prd clpbrtrahld, kd vbridib ì und `aksbquêk`ld, kàa und `dusd. @aksbquêk`ld
ia qub1Ia prlk`lpdo hdtar pdrd slkdolzdåàa ib clpbrtrahld, dotd tbksàa nus`uodr pdrd erdkib
rb`rutdnbkta ids uklidibs natards ib dota olnldr b tdndkca. Au sbjd, hdåd a nús`uoa
prb`lsdr trdmdocdr nulta, b bob lrä `rbs`br, b kàa nd`cuqub nulta a nús`uoa b bob lrä
`rbs`br.
B qudo d nbocar ndkblrd pdrd ebrdr bssd tbksàa nus`uodr qub ibndkid bssb rb`rutdnbkta ib
uklidibs natards ib dota olnldr b tdndkca1 D tàa ibnaklzdid @D]ED, aildia pboas nbsnas
prahbssarbs b pbrsakdls qub bn pobka =64<, qudsb =6=6, dlkid bkslkdn b d`cdn qub idka
nus`uodr sleklhl`d clpbrtrahld.
]bhbrêk`lds:
‟Ycb Nb`cdklsns ah Nus`ob Cypbrtrapcy dki Ycblr Dppol`dtlak ta ]bslstdk`b YrdlklkeP`cabkhboi, Mrdi JJaurkdo ah
Ptrbketc dki @akiltlaklke ]bsbdr`c: A`tambr =646 - Xaounb =9 - Lssub 46 - p =325-=35=Iabs Bxbr`lsb-Lkiu`bi
Nus`ob Idndeb Vody d ]aob lk Pgbobtdo Nus`ob Cypbrtrapcy1P`cabkhboi, Mrdi J.Jaurkdo ah Ptrbketc dki @akiltlaklke
]bsbdr`c: Ndy =64= - Xaounb =8 - Lssub 2 - p 4994‐4920
Ol`bk`ldia pdrd - Hrdk`ls`a Ycldea Haksb`d Olnd - 60<0264300< - Vratbelia par Biuzz.`an
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@an `brtbzd va`ê jä hal arlbktdia par un prahbssar qub kbn pdrb`b qub
trblkd d ibs`dksdr 06 sbeukias bktrb ds sìrlbs.Idî va`ê sbktld qublndr, hl`dvd
ahbedktb, nbla eraeub (sk` hdiledia) b d`cdvd qub sbu trblka hal pbsdia b
bhbtlva. A pramobnd qub ì justdnbktb a `akträrla.
D vbridib ì qub a tbnpa ib ibs`dksa `arrbta pdrd ndlar rbssîktbsb ib
DYV b ndkutbkåàa ia rbkilnbkta b `dred ì HRKIDNBKYDO pdrd a trblka
`an pbsas, b ì d úkl`d vdrlävbo qub `aksbeub bqulolmrdr Xaounb ib trblka
(kúnbra ib bxbr`î`las b sìrlbs) `an lktbkslidib (`dred).
(`dred).
B qudo bssb tbnpa ib ibs`dksa1 Bob bstä bktrb 4 nlkuta b nbla (pdrd
bxbr`î`las naka drtl`uodrbs/lsaodias) b 0 nlkutas (pdrd bxbr`î`las
nuotldrtl`uodrbs/`anpastas),, paibkia `cbedr dtì 2nlk.
nuotldrtl`uodrbs/`anpastas)
2nlk. Pln, va`ê kàa
pbrib clpbrtrahld par lssa. Xa`ê edkcd! D vbridib qub d sbksdåàa ib pbribr
ì ndls und pbåd qub a sbktlnbktdolsna ib ndranmblra prbed kd ebktb, pals
d qublndåàa ib d`liasb ilnlkul. B ì justdnbktb prd lssa qub sbrvb ibs`dksdr,
pals d`liasb ias îaks ib cliraeêkla (od`tdta kd vbridib ì debktb tdnpakdktb)
dtrdpdocd d `dpd`lidib `akträtlo, hdiled a PK@ b rbiuz d `dred.
Nds b a strbss nbtdmðol`a1 Ì hdta qub bob tbn rbodåàa `an d clpbrtrahld, nds ì
sb`ukiärld bn `anpdrdåàa d tbksàa nus`uodr b Nb`dkatrdksiuåàa.
Vaibnas atlnlzä-oa ndktbkia a ibs`dksa dmdlxa ib 0 nlk b sð usdr
ibs`dksa ndlarbs bn sìrlbs hlkdls ib bxbr`î`las `an nultd `dred
`ana ded`cdnbkta au obe.
]bhbrêk`lds:
‟Ycb Nb`cdklsns ah Nus`ob Cypbrtrapcy dki Ycblr Dppol`dtlak ta ]bslstdk`b YrdlklkeP`cabkhboi, Mrdi J
Oakebr lktbrsbt rbst pbrlais bkcdk`b nus`ob strbketc dki cypbrtrapcy lk rbslstdk`b-trdlkbi nbk. J Ptrbketc @aki
]bs 06(5): 4362-434=, =648 P`cabkhboi, MJ, Vapb, ZG, Mbklg, HN, Cbstbr, EN, Pboobrs, J, Kaakbr, JO, P`ckdltbr, JD, MakiUlooldns, GB, @drtbr, DP, ]ass, @O, Just, MO, Cbksbondks, N, dki Grlbebr, JU
Pcart lktbr‖sbt rbst moukts rbslstdk`b bxbr`lsb‖lkiu`bi lk`rbdsbs lk nyahlmrloodr pratblk syktcbsls dki lktrd`boouodr
slekdoolke lk yauke ndobsJdnbs N`Gbkiry Dombrta Vìrbz ‖Oðpbz Nl`cdbo N`Obai Idk Oua Jbssl`d ]. Ibkt Mbkalt
Pnbuklkx Jlkeobl \u Dkebod B. Ydyoar Dkirbw Vclop Oblec Mr
Ol`bk`ldia pdrd - Hrdk`ls`a Ycldea Haksb`d Olnd - 60<0264300< - Vratbelia par Biuzz.`an
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Bu pdrtl`uodrnbktb mdta nulta bn `lnd ias prahlsslakdls ib biu`dåàa hîsl`d b ia
púmol`a rb`rbdtlva qub bktbkib d lktbkslidib ib ndkblrd brrdid.
brrdid. Nds sbrä qub
sàa sð bobs1 A púmol`a maiymuloibr tdnmìn. B nulta! B va`ê sdmbr qub
lktbkslidib ì % id ]N KÀA sleklhl`d qub va`ê tdnmìn kàa paib bstdr sb
duta sdmatdkia kas trblkas par `dusd ib und `alslkcd.
A ndoilta sbktlnbkta! Bssb sbktlnbktdolsna ib ndranmblra ì `anpol`dia. ‟Pbktlr
pbedr„, ‟sbktlr„ qub bstä idkia sbu näxlna.
sàa ilvbrsds `alsds qub paibn tb dtrdpdocdr ib rbdonbktb trblkdr ka sbu näxlna
qudkia d sud lktbkåàa ì justdnbktb a `akträrla.
Var lssa qub bu prbea a prdendtlsna ka trblka.
trblka. Kàa sð bu, `drds
`ana Fndttjdksbk3 b Ftrdlkbimyjp tdnmìn. Vbksdr, podkbjdr, `unprlr, dkatdr,
supbrdr. Pdmb un brra nulta `anun ia kassa nbla1 Lr dtì d hdocd bn taid sìrlb, au
dtì nbsna taia bxbr`î`la. D `lêk`ld jä pravau par D+M qub `an dotds `dreds, lr
dtb d hdocd ì tatdonbktb ilspbksävbo. Bspb`ldonbktb bn lkilvîiuas trblkdias.
@odra qub sb ibvb trblkdr 4 au = rbps dktbs id hdocd ka näxlna,
näxlna, kàa nbkas qub
lssa. B d hdocd ì sln und hbrrdnbktd qub ibvb sbr ndklpuodid ib ndkblrd
lktbolebktb. Nds mus`dr d hdocd ib ndkblrd amsbsslvd, rbps harådids b a `drdoca
pdrd va`ê d`dondr sud nbktb dtarnbktdid b pdrdkal`d ib maiymuloibr `an d
sbksdåàa qub ibu sbu näxlna sð sbrvb prd va`ê hdiledr sbu PK@ b trdmdocdr
bn sumndxlnds,
sumndxlnds, par qub va`ê qub jä ì hartb deubktdrld nulta ndls `dred.
Kbn vdnas hdodr ib punp au qublndåàa kì1 Pb va`ê dlkid tä kbssb kîvbo ib
d`cdr qub lssa sleklhl`d doea, vaotd iuds `dsds b ndktbkcd-sb ha`dia obkia
bstb olvra. Tubr und ndkblrd ib sdmbr qub va`ê bstä idkia a sbu näxlna b qub ì
`akerubktb `an a qub d `lêk`ld ilz, prd va`ê sassbedr1 Eastbl nulta id suebstàa
ia FmleNdhrd bn und pastdebn ibob: pdrd und sìrlb ib 8 d 3 rbps, va`ê tbn qub
`aoa`dr und `dred qub va`ê bstä sahrbkia ibsib d prlnblrd rbp. Nbkas qub lssa tä
obvb. Plnpobs.
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Rnd `alsd qub sb papuodrlzau ka nbla id nus`uodåàa ì usdr a bxdnb ib @VG pdrd
vbr sb d pbssad bstä trblkdkia mbn. Nds d`cdr qub tbn rbodåàa ilrbtd ì MBN
brrdia. Vdrd qubn kàa sdmb, @VG ì und pratbîkd prbsbktb kds `ìouods qub ‟vdzd„
pbods nl`ra rupturds ia trblkdnbkta b `dl kd `arrbktb sdkeuîkbd.
@ana jä trdtbl bn autrd pastdebn, par
par nulta tbnpa sb d`cau qub a prlk`lpdo
nb`dklsna id clpbrtrahld brdn ds nl`ra obsòbs nus`uodrbs, `an taia
dqubob pdpa ia nús`uoa `rbs`br ndls hartb, b par lssa d`cdn qub tbr @VG
dota sleklhl`d ndls clpbrtrahld nds lssa bstä brrdia. Bn =64=, P`cabkhboi
dtrdvìs ia drtlea ‟ Iabs bxbr`lsb-lkiu`bi nus`ob idndeb pody d raob lk
sgbobtdo nus`ob cypbrtrapcy1„ pravau qub idka nus`uodr kàa tbn rbodåàa
ilrbtd `an clpbrtrahld.
D vbridib ì qub a prlk`lpdo pra`bssa ib clpbrtrahld sb `cdnd
nb`dkatrdksiuåàa,, b ds nl`ra obsòbs sàa und `aksbquêk`ld b kàa `dusd. B un
nb`dkatrdksiuåàa
trblkdnbkta `an dota ha`a bn tbksàa nus`uodr, dotd lktbkslidib, mdlxa rdkeb ib
rbps, pbksdkia kds 2 úotlnds rbpbtlåòbs qub sàa ds vbridiblrdnbktb
rbobvdktbs pdrd slkdolzdåàa clpbrtrðhl`d b sbn rbpbtlåòbs bxtrds ib hdiled au
nulta strbss nbtdmðol`a, ds tdxds ib nl`ra obsàa paibn sbr nulta mdlxds bn
`anpdrdåàa d qudktlidib ib clpbrtrahld slkdolzdid.
Ybkia lssa bn nbktb, va`ê paib trblkdr haha, `an dota rdkeb ib rbps, `cbla ib
hdocd b tì`kl`d prd strbss nbtdmðol`a, jaedr sud `pg oä bn `lnd b `rbs`br
kdid..
kdid
Bu tbkca `brtbzd qub sb bu hlzbr un bxdnb ib @VG bob pravdvbonbktb kàa pdssb ib
= nlo `an a trblka qub pdssbl d hdzbr dpðs taia nbu bstuia. Bktàa pbksb: Pbrä qub
sbu `pg ka bxdnb rbdonbktb sleklhl`d qub va`ê bstä trblkdkia mbn1
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Bssd ì und iúvlid qub bu sbnprb rb`bma. @akslibrdkia qub va`ê rbdonbktb tbn
tbnpa olnltdia kd d`dibnld b kàa hdod qub tbn par qub qubr vaotdr prd `dsd
prd sbktdr sud mukid prbeulåasd kd hrbktb id YX,
YX, vdnas oä.
Nb qubstlakdn sb kbssd sltudåàa ì väolia ilnlkulr a ibs`dksa au usdr ib tì`kl`ds
`ana mlsbts au iraps,
iraps, au `diêk`ld `aktraodid prd dunbktdr a YRY
YRY..
Ia nbu pakta ib vlstd bxlstbn ndkblrds NRLYA ndls lktbolebktbs pdrd sb
hdzbr dunbktdr sud ibkslidib ib trblka sbn rbiuzlr d lktbkslidib.
Yrblkb karndo. Puds sìrlbs b bxbr`î`las, a bsqubobta ia trblka, hdåd karndonbktb,
`ana sb va`ê tlvbssb nulta tbnpa. = nlkutas ib ibs`dksa ì un man tbnpa.
B bktàa, ka hlkdo ib qudktas bxbr`î`las va`ê d`cdr kb`bssärla, par qub va`ê vdl hdzbr
d sand ib sìrlbs b bqudolzdr ka vaounb sbndkdo id ndkblrd qub d`cdr nbocar, tbn
iuds tì`kl`ds ÐYLNDP pdrd sbrbn usdids, nulta nbocar
nb ocar qub ds autrds
karndonbktb utlolzdids:- @oustbr sbt, b ka hlkdo ibob jä bnbkid un Md`g-ahh
sbt.
Vdrd bktbkibr `ana huk`lakd, `aktlkub obkia qub tbrä d bxpol`dåàa ib dnmas ka
olvra.
Yb edrdkta qub va`ê hdz un trblka kàa haha bn pau`a tbnpa `an bssds iuds
bstrdtìelds. Vaib jaedr taids ds autrds qub rbiuzbn `dred b dmusdn ib
strbss nbtdmðol`a ka olxa. Iblxd pras hrdke...
h rdke... ilea, ndklpuodiarbs ib
vdrlävbls.
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Ì `odra qub kàa ì sð lssa qub bstä hdzbkia `drds `ana a Kl`g Udogbr bktrdrbn bn
nutdåàa, nds bssd tì`kl`d ib Md`g Ahh Pbts bstä sbkia dpol`did ib ndkblrd
lktbrbssdktb pboa @dnp Jdksbk.
D tì`kl`d `akslstb bn hdzbr = au 0 warglke sbts `an <6% id ]N,
]N, da tbrnlkdr d
úotlnd warglke sbt, va`ê hdz und rbiuåàa ib pbsa, qub d pdrtlr idqul tbn ials
`dnlkcas d sbeulr sbeukia as ndtbrldls qub bk`aktrbl samrb: rbiuzlr =6 d =2% id
`dred b hdzbr und sìrlb dtì d hdocd, au bktàa rbiuzlr 26% id `dred b hdzbr und sìrlb
dtì d hdocd au 4 dktbs id hdocd, dpðs 06 sbeukias ib ibs`dksa id úotlnd sìrlb (ds
warglke sbt tbrldn 0 d 9 nlkutas ib ibs`dksa nbsna pdrd trdmdocdr `an d
lktbkslidib qub trdmdocdn).
Bssd tì`kl`d sbrvb pdrd: dunbktdr d haråd, pbod `dpd`lidib ib rb`rutdnbkta
b bstînuoa kbura nus`uodr ib ndktbr a trdmdoca `an dotds `dreds (qudkia
kd rbiuåàa ib =6% id `dred) b dunbktdr a vaounb ib trblka, doìn ib kàa tbr
un bxdebra strbss nbtdmðol`a b hdiled ia sk`, par kàa dmusdr ibssd tì`kl`d
b bod `akslstlr sanbktb bn und sìrlb bxtrd.
Deard, bu obvdkta dqul und tbarld b eastdrld ib sdmbr id aplklàa ias ndls bstuilasas
ib trblkdnbkta: Da hdzbr warglke sbts `an <6% ib ]N, va`ê ndtd ds hlmrds ib
`aktrdåàa räplid pdrd dqubob bxbr`î`la. Da cdvbr bssd rbiuåàa ib `dred (sbjd =6% au
26%, idî paibnas ils`utlr qudo naia ib trdmdoca sb dibqud ndls d bssd tbarld) b
hdzbr un ibs`dksa `urta, bstbkibnas a trdmdoca, b tbkia ds hlmrds ia tlpa = jä
bxdurlids, sbrä qub har`drîdnas a rb`rutdnbkta ids hlmrds ia tlpa 4 b tbrîdnas un
bspb`tra ndls dnpoa ib clpbrtrahld1 Pbn bxdebrdid hdiled ia sk` b strbss
nbtdmðol`a qub `dusdrld d qubid ib rbkilnbkta b `dred ka rbsta ia trblka,
trblka,
leudo d autrd ndkblrd ib nlrdr kbssds hlmrds obktds qub sbrld trdmdoca `an dotds
rbpbtlåòbs1 Pbrld bssb a puoa ia edta pdrd näxlnd clpbrtrahld1
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Nlkcd `olbktb akib ka trblka ibod bstdvdn taias as bxbr`î`las, nbkas as ib
eoútba, `an dotds rbpbtlåòbs b mdlxds `dreds. B lssa ebrau `urlaslidib par qub
bu prbea bxdtdnbktb a `akträrla ilssa, bktàa vdob un d pbkd hdodr sð samrb lssa
dpbsdr ib bu jä tbr plk`bodia un pau`a a dssukta qudkia hdobl ia trblka ids
nbklkds id @drao Xdz b qudkia hdobl samrb `dreds dotds pdrd nuocbrbs.
IBVALP TRB, b sanbktb kbssd sltudåàa, d nuocbr `akstrðl und mdsb b do`dkåd un
vaounb nus`uodr prðxlna da amjbtlva bstìtl`a ibod, pdrd bvltdr ia nús`uoa `anbådr
d ndklhbstdr `artbs, ibkslidib nus`uodr, un dspb`ta ndls derbsslva, ì `dmîvbo hdzbr
bssd trdkslåàa ib bstînuoa b dotbrkdr kd pbrlailzdåàa `akharnb a amjbtlva ibod. Ka
`dsa id Nlobkb(nlkcd doukd), qudkia katbl qub a eoútba ibod kàa bstdvd
rbspakibkia mbn da bstînuoa ndls sdr`apodsnätl`a, vaotbl d prlarlzdr a
tbkslakdo.
Kavdnbktb, lssa sð ì passîvbo ibpals ib und mdsb `akstruîid `an `dreds, leudo hdobl
ka nbu past samrb, b ndls und vbz bkhdtlzd d lnpartík`ld id pbrlailzdåàa.
Vbrlailzdr a trblka kàa ì und hðrnuod praktd ib nbsa `l`oas b podklocd ka
Bx`bo qub va`ê bk`dlxd kas trblkas,
trblkas, qudkia va`ê bktbkib as hukidnbktas par
ibträs ias nìtaias, va`ê slnpobsnbktb dibqud `did vdrlävbo d `did
`lr`ukstík`ld b rbspastd lkilvliudo ia `olbktb,
`olbktb, pals `did un rbspakib ib und
ndkblrd.
Vdrd bssd nuidkåd ib bstînuoa idr `brta, tbn qub tbr d mdlxd lktbkslidib
`anpbksdid ka vaounb, d`únuoa dmsuria ib strbss nbtdmðol`a pdrd lk`cdåa ia
sdr`apodsnd ì und clpbrtrahld ‟hahd„
‟hahd„,, qub ì justdnbktb
justdnbktb lssa qub bssds nbklkds
qubrbn. Hl`drbn ‟eastasds„ pdrd usdr a tbrna ndls ðmvla cdcd bu
pdrtl`uodrnbktb ibktra ias `arpas hltkbss hbnlklkas prbhlra dssln tdnmìn, nds lssa
ì sð nbu easta pbssado b kàa sb lnpòb pbrdktb a easta id `olbktb.
Bu kàa qubra `rldr und sbltd leudo as `drds id ‟lktbkslidib ì leudo hdiled„ `rldrdn prd
justlhl`dr d ndkblrd qub bobs `akqulstdrdn sbus `olbktbs qub
qu b kàa eastdn ib trdmdoca
iura, b pdrd lssa dtì kbedn d parrd id `lêk`ld. Bu trdmdoca ib ndkblrd lktbolebktb,
kàa iaenätl`d, dssln qub va`ê tdnmìn ibvb trdmdocdr, auåd sbu `olbktb b prlarlzb
sbus eastas b lkilvliudoldib.Plnpobs.
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Ì ebkbrdolzdia jä: doukd kavd kd d`dibnld1 @aoa`d bod prd hdzbr lsanbtrld, mlsbts b
un naktb ib pdssdid. Bod sdl nartd b va`ê kàa edstd nulta tbnpa bkslkdkia d
trdmdocdr `an `dreds. A pramobnd qub lssa kàa ì sustbktävbo...
@odra, tbn und pdr`bod ids nuocbrbs qub jä `cbedn `an a `arpa djbltdia, naoidia
pbod pumbridib, b sð a qub bod prb`lsd ì tùkus nus`uodr b qublndr unds
eariurlkcds. Idî tuia mbn. Nds d nderd ib ruln b d earilkcd qub qubr bvaoulr
kàa paib sbr sumbstlndid dssln kas trblkas...
Tudkia va`ê vê und dtobtd trblkdkia dssln, ì qub bod jä `akstrulu und bstruturd
(au tbn und ebkìtl`d ndrdvlocasd). Tudo d prlk`lpdo qublxd ids nuocbrbs1 Vdrau
ib trblkdr, `anbu un pauqulkca brrdia, jä zad a scdpb. Plnpobsnbktb par qub
kàa tbn hlmrd nus`uodr dol, nds sð lk`cdåa lktrd `bouodr ibssbs trblkas
bxtrbndnbktb nbtdmðol`as...
Kàa, va`ê kàa vdl hl`dr nds`uolkd sb hlzbr praerbssàa ib `dred.
`dred. Pb prd canbn
jä ì ilhî`lo `akstrulr nús`uoa dssln, lndelkd pdrd va`ê qub tbn 46x
46 x nbkas
tbstastbrakd. D vbridib qub ì `an `dreds qub va`ê vdl `akstrulr und
bstruturd, und mdsb ka sbu `arpa, sumlr sbu nbtdmaolsna b `rldr hlmrds, qub
vdl `aksaolidr sbu hîsl`a b kàa hdzbr qudoqubr `ca`aodtb kd YVN tb bkearidr
nbtdib ias gloas qub va`ê pbribu bn sbndkds ib ilbtd.
Bktàa, d pdrtlr ibssb pakta, qudkia va`ê jä tbn pbrkds qub kàa pdrb`bn
sdosl`clkcds b un munmun rbiakilkca, d ebktb nuid a bstînuoa b ilrb`lakdnbkta
ia trblka, pdrd kàa hdzbr sud nus`uodturd hl`dr bxdebrdidnbktb ibksd b `artdid,
`an ibsbkcas ibol`dias. Nds sbn d mdsb `an `dreds dktbs ilssa, kàa tbn
nus`uodturd prd naoidr.
Bktàa sb va`ê qubr sdlr ib un `arpa S pdrd un `arpa \, b kàa hal sartuid kd
pumbridib, `ulidia `an as trblklkcas ib `diblrd lsanìtrl`d kd pdrbib,
`anmlkdåàa ib bxbr`î`las b `diêk`ld ibvdedr prd hl`dr maklta pra vîiba ka
lkstd ia pbrsakdo. Hdåd a mäsl`a qub huk`lakd prd taia nukia, b ibpals ib
`rldr nús`uoa, va`ê naoid bob.
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Canbks b nuocbrbs, ib ndkblrd ebrdo, tbn amjbtlvas ilhbrbktbs ka `arpa. Lssa ì
bvlibktb. Bktàa d ilvlsàa ib trblka b a vaounb ib trblka ibvbn sbr ilhbrbktbs.
Lkhbolznbktb, as prahbssarbs ib d`dibnld kàa tbn bssd kaåàa (au kàa oledn
nbsna) b qudkia naktdn trblka hbnlklka au hdz a DM au qudkia tbktdn
hdzbr doea ndls naktdn un trblka qudsb nds`uolka pdrd bods.
Vbod sud bstruturd b pboa sbu amjbtlva nuocbrbs paibn tbr un vaounb ib trblka
ib lkhbrlarbs mbn ndlar,
ndlar, nds `odra kàa lekardkia a trblka ib supbrlarbs. Bktàa
vdnas ibstrlk`cdr bssd qubstàa.
Pb trdtdkia ib supbrlarbs, kàa vbja kb`bsslidib ib und ilvlsàa ndls `anpobxd ia
qub trblkdr tuia ib und vbz `an bxbr`î`las `anpastas qub ibbn un bstînuoa ndls
`anpobta. Idî tbnas doeuks `dsas `ana: sb qulsbr idr êkhdsb bn anmras pdrd
nbocardr d slocubtd, au sb as lkhbrlarbs bstàa hl`dkia nulta æ hrbktb, d bs`aocd ia
bxbr`î`la b d hrbquêk`ld paib vdrldr, nds kàa d`ca qub ndls ia 4x kd sbndkd
pdrd d ndlarld ids nuocbrbs sbjd kb`bssärla, ds vbzbs iuds.
Jä lkhbrlarbs paibnas drrbmbktdr `an bobs kd sbndkd, världs vbzbs `an und
ilvlsàa lktbolebktb. Nuocbrbs tbn hd`lolidib ib ibsbkvaovbr qudirî`bps, d
praparåàa ia vbktrb nus`uodr ibobs bn rbodåàa das pastbrlarbs ib `axd ì ndlar.
Vastbrlarbs ib `axd sbeukia pbsqulsds rb`bktbs tbn und `dpd`lidib ib
rb`upbrdåàa nbkar, ibvbn sbr trblkdias `an nbkar hrbquêk`ld. Eoútba ì un
nús`uoa hartb, paib trdmdocdr nulta b `an dotds `dreds
`dreds,, nds pbod kassd ratlkd
ia ild d ild (nulta tbnpa sbktdia ilrlelkia au trdmdocdkia) b/au pboa usa ib sdota
dota, bob paib sbr lklmlia hd`lonbktb par nús`uoas Yùkl`as qub hdzbn d nbsnd
hukåàa.
Bktàa vdnas oä: Tuäirl`bps tä hä`lo, karndonbktb kàa prb`lsd trblkdr
nulta.Vastbrlarbs
nulta
.Vastbrlarbs prb`lsdn sbr nbkas trblkdias, nds bn un man trblka mbn
hblta.Eoútba
hblta.
Eoútba paibnas sbr `drrds`as, nultd `dred b dotd hrbquêk`ld,
bktrbtdkta kàa dildktd kdid trblkdr bob sbn d bs`aocd `arrbtd ib bxbr`î`las
qub tb bkslkb d dtlvdr sbu munmun.
munmun.
B dî1 Ndls hä`lo qub lssa sð `anbr puiln. Mard djbltdr sbu trblka! B va`ê, nuocbr,
`ana trblkdvd1 Xdl trblkdr ilhbrbktb deard1 sled obkia b ilvlrtd-sb `an taia a
`aktbúia.
Ol`bk`ldia pdrd - Hrdk`ls`a Ycldea Haksb`d Olnd - 60<0264300< - Vratbelia par Biuzz.`an
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Man, ndls und pbreuktd qub ibvb sbr rbspakilid `an ‟ibpbkib„.
Amvldnbktb, ia lkilvîiua. Bob ì lkl`ldktb, lktbrnbilärla au dvdkådia1 Vdrd
`did und ibssds sltudåòbs, bn `lnd ib tuia qub bu jä bstuibl bu vbja apåòbs
ilhbrbktbs.
Vdrd lkilvîiuas lkl`ldktbs, ilvlsòbs ib trblka qub pbrnltdn und ndlar
hrbquêk`ld sbndkdo ias nús`uoas ì ndls vdktdjasa.
vdktdjasa. Vals bob kàa tbn
bxpbrlêk`ld, kburanus`uodr b `dpd`lidib ib trblkdr a nús`uoa ib ndkblrd
qub bssb nús`uoa sbjd ‟ndtdia„ und vbz kd sbndkd b bstä ag.
Vdrd lktbrnbilärlas, qub jä diqulrlu und bxpbrlêk`ld ib trblka b `odra, kàa
trblkd haha, ilvlsòbs qub bob trblkb a nús`uoa 4x kd sbndkd pdrb`b sbr
lktbrbssdktb, pals lrä pbrnltlr d bob hdzbr un man vaounb ib trblka
sbndkdo ib `did nús`uoa sbn pbribr a rbkilnbkta bn doeun par bstdr
trblkdkia jukta `an autra nús`uoa, doìn ibob tbr tbnpa suhl`lbktb pdrd a
nús`uoa rb`upbrdr.
Jä dvdkådias, kðs vaotdnas pdrd a `anbåa. Xaotd d sb tarkdr lktbrbssdktb
ilvlsòbs ib trblka qub hdåd a nús`uoa ndls ib und vbz kd sbndkd, pals bob
tbn `dpd`lidib ib trblkdr mbn un nús`uoa ibpals ib autra, tbn
prbpdra pdrd a nús`uoa sb rb`upbrdr ndls räplia ia trblka b dssln
trblkdr bob ndls vbzbs kas 466% slkdolzdkia ndls clpbrtrahld dlkid,
dlkid , b
tdnmìn kas dmrb sltudåòbs ilvbrslhl`dids qub ndklpuob d qudktlidib ib ilds
kd sbndkd qub sb trblkd au ibs`dksd. Pb har trblkdr 8x, VVO iuds vbzbs.
2x,
VVO ahhsðVVO
ahh.
0x sð VVO.B par qub doeuìn dvdkådia
trblkdrld
9 au
0x9x,
kd DM@I.
sbndkd1
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Dktbs ib bu `anbådr d tb`br nbu rd`la`îkla tbkca qub rbobnmrdr qub PY]BPP
NBYDMÐOL@A KÀA EB]D CLVB]Y]AHLD VA] XLD IL]BYD.
IL]BYD. Jä pravbl lssa bn und bn
ias nbus tbxtas, b deard prd `ak`oulr a dssukta: strbss
strbss nbtdmðol`a ì un ‟bhblta
`aodtbrdo„, un ‟idka `aktraodia„,
`aktraodia„, und `aksbquêk`ld d ndls ib un trblkdnbkta `an
ha`a bn clpbrtrahld sdr`apodsnätl`d.
Idkia `aktlkulidib ì lnpartdktb iblxdr `odra dqul tdnmìn qub VD]D NLN PANBKYB
DYOBYDP sb mbkbhl`ldn ibssd `anmlkdåàa ib bstînuoas kd pbrlailzdåàa. Pb va`ê
kàa ì un maiymuloibr E]DKIB B IBKPA trblkd sð a hdnasa ‟tbkslakdo„ qub hdotd
nulta prd va`ê `cbedr dqul ka qub bstdrbl trdtdkia.
A bktbkilnbkta id ilhbrbk`ldåàa id clpbrtrahld nlahlmrlodr b sdr`apodsnätl`d, dpbsdr ib
sbr doea bspb`uodia ibsib as dkas 86, bstä `anbådkia d d`aktb`br sð deard. Pàa
pau`as as bstuias b pau`ds ds bvliêk`lds, nds par bkqudkta tuia dpaktd pdrd a qub jä
sb d`cdvd: tbn `ana a`arrbr und clpbrtrahld ka sdr`apodsnd sbn dunbktdr d
qudktlidib ib nlahlmrlods.
nlahlmrlods. Bssd clpbrtrahld d`aktb`b, nulta pravdvbonbktb, pbod
tbksàa bxbr`lid pboa ‟Vunp„ kd pdrbib `bouodr, harådkia bod ä sb didptdr d bssds
`akilåòbs, b a hdnasa ‟strbss nbtdmðol`a„ VAIB dunbktdr bssb Vunp.
Tudo a nbu bktbkilnbkta samrb lssa1 Ì qub sb va`ê jä ì erdkib, ibksa b tbn und
iì`did pboa nbkas ib trblka pbsdia kds `astds, ì mbn passîvbo qub da `anmlkdr
as bstînuoas, va`ê hdrld un `akjukta ib clpbrtrahlds akib und patbk`ldolzdrld d
autrd: `rbs`b hlmrd, bxpdkib a sdr`apodsnd, dmrb bspdåa prd ndls hlmrd, `rbs`b ndls
hlmrd. Nds pbod qulktd vbz kbssb tbxta: D @D]ED XBN DKYBP. A prðprla PPY sb mdsbld
klssa. Vdtrl`g tuar ilz qub kàa usd a nìtaia bn taia trblka, kbn taia dtobtd,
kbn taid ìpa`d, b nbsna dssln qudkia usd, as ials prlnblras bxbr`î`las sàa
VBPDIAP pdrd kàa iblxdr a bstînuoa tbkslakdo ib odia.
Hbolpb
nbocar
dtlvlidib
pdîs,
lktbr`dod sbndkd
/ sbndkd
sdr`a, Nardbs,
kàa sbl sb
`an dDndiar
lktbkåàabn
ibssb
hln aukadoea
purdnbktb
lktultlvatbkslakdo
(maks dtobtds
tbn
mad lktulåàa) b tbn huk`lakdia nulta mbn.
Bu, qub kàa sau parrd kbkcund pbrta ia Nardbs, ibpals ib un dka trblkdkia 466%
tbkslakdo, deard ka nbu trblka DM@ DM@ bstau hdzbkia und sbquêk`ld tbkslakdo b und
sbquêk`ld PPY. B sð kbssds `lr`ukstík`lds bu d`ca väolia utlolzdr qudoqubr tì`kl`d
dvdkådid ib trblka qub eastdn tdkta ib bkhldr d tarta b d ilrblta bn taia trblka. Pb d
lktbkåàa ì und btdpd ib sdr`apodsnätl`d. B sð. Pb kàa har prd dunbktdr d ibkslidib
ib trblka par hdotd ib tbnpa ilspakîvbo prd dota vaounb, b sb kàa har un trblka
466% ha`dia klssa ibktra ib und pbrlailzdåàa `do`uodid, kàa vbja sbktlia bn
par bxbnpoa hdzbr un bxbr`î`la hlkdo ib ‟hlklscbr„ `an strbss nbtdmðol`a. Dpbsdr
qub sbkia ka hln kàa trdrä prbjuîzas, nds tdnmìn kàa d`ca q sbjd a suhl`lbktb pdrd
bstlnuodr und clpbrtrahld sdr`a.
Yä dl nlkcd rbspastd pdrd a qub va`ês ilrbta nb pbreuktdn samrb bstb tbnd.
Ol`bk`ldia pdrd - Hrdk`ls`a Ycldea Haksb`d Olnd - 60<0264300< - Vratbelia par Biuzz.`an
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:
"Kàa trblkb sbu bea, va`ê kàa prb`lsd ib `dred prd `rbs`br b sln lktbkslidib„B ka vîiba
doeund `olbktb nuocbr ibob hdzbkia und näqulkd `an pau`d `dred b usdkia doeund
tì`kl`d `ana supbr obktd au lsanbtrld.
Ybnas värlas pramobnds dqul. A prlnblra ì qub a `drd kàa bktbkib au bs`aocb bsqub`br
tuia samrb `lêk`ld ia trblkdnbkta. Lktbkslidib ì par`bktdebn ib ]N, kàa `dksdåa.
B ds tì`kl`ds qub bob `cdnd ibssd lktbkslidib brrdid qub bob ibhlkb kd vbridib sàa
tì`kl`ds ib vaounb, qub dunbktdn a tbnpa sam tbksàa. Nds a tbr`blra pramobnd ì
nulta ndlar.
Lssa sb tarkau un kl`ca jä pbr`bmbrdn1 Deard d pbedid ì a `drd vbkibr qub ì a mruxàa
ids vdrlävbls, qub tb hdz hl`dr ka scdpb sbn prb`lsdr usdr `dred, par qub bob ì lktbolebktb
ibndls b va`ê kàa prb`lsd ia sbu bea. Vramobnd qub lssa lekard taids ds ndlarbs
dutarlidibs samrb trblkdnbkta ia nukia, qub ibtbrnlkdn b arlbktdn qub a
prlk`lpdo edtloca pdrd clpbrtrahld nus`uodr ì d Ybksàa Nus`uodr ebrdid par
samrb`dred d`lnd ib 56% ia ]N,
]N, pdrd erdkib rb`rutdnbkta ids uklidibs natards ib
dota olnldr b tdndkca..
B par qub lssa sb tarkau un kl`ca1 Var qub ì un púmol`a vuokbrävbo. Bspb`ldonbktb
nuocbrbs. Var qub au bktrd kd d`dibnld hdodkia qub kàa qubr pbedr pbsdia prd kàa
hl`dr nulta hartb, au tbn nbia ib pbsa par kuk`d tbr hblta doeund dtlvlidib hîsl`d dktbs
id nus`uodåàa b kàa bstä d`astundid. Idl `cbed a sbkcar Xdrlävbls ahbrb`bkia d
saouåàa näel`d ib un trblka räplia, ilkínl`a, `cbla ib hlruod, sbn pbsa qub bod vdl hl`dr
sdrdid. Vramobnd qub ibs`dksa `urta b sbn pbsa kàa ebrd rbsuotdias.
rbsuotdias.Nds
Nds kàa ì
`uopd ibods ib d`rbiltdrbn, pals a trblka ebrd `dksdåa, ebrd qublndåàa nus`uodr par
d`únuoa ib nbtdmðoltas `ana Od`tdta, b ib `brtd ndkblrd prd qubn brd sbibktärld,
qudoqubr `alsd ì nbocar qub kdid, kì1 .
Nds
d oakea prdza,
vdl ebrdr
as rbsuotdias
sb bspbrd,
palspra
ì btbrkdnbktb
un
trblkdnbkta
bn sumkuk`d
näxlna
id `dpd`lidib.
Nds qub
ì nulta
ndls hä`lo
trblkdiar b pra
`olbktb bssb tlpa ib trblka.
A `olbktb jä kàa qubr sb bsharådr, kàa qubr sbktlr d iar rbdo ib trblka `an `dreds b
tdnmìn kàa qubr pdssdr ib 96 nlkutas kd d`dibnld, b a prahbssar kàa qubr hdzbr a qub
ì amrledåàa ibob, arlbktdr d pbssad d trblkdr `arrbtdnbktb `an sbeurdkåd `an `dreds,
bktàa bkhld d pbssad bnmdlxa ib un pbslkca nbrid b ndkid bod hdzbr ibvdedrzlkca, a
nús`uoa qublnd, a ibs`dksa ì ib 06 sbeukias, a trblka hl`d räplia, a `olbktb hl`d
louilia b hbolz b a pbrsakdo edkcd sbu ilkcblra.Yaia nukia sdtlshblta.
]bhbrêk`lds:‟Oakebr
Lktbrsbt ]bst Vbrlais Bkcdk`b Nus`ob Ptrbketc dki Cypbrtrapcy lk ]bslstdk`b-Yrdlkbi
Nbk„P`cabkhboi, Mrdi J.7 Vapb, Zd`cdry G.7 Mbklg, Hrdkgolk N.7 Cbstbr, Edrrbtt N.7 Pboobrs, Jack7 Kaakbr, Jasc O.7
P`ckdltbr, Jbssl`d D.7 Maki-Ulooldns, Gdtcbrlkb B.7 @drtbr, Dirldk P.7 ]ass, @armlk O.7 Just, Mrdkiak O.7 Cbksbondks,
Nbkka7 Grlbebr, Jdnbs U.Ycb Jaurkdo ah Ptrbketc & @akiltlaklke ]bsbdr`c
‟Vraerbsslak Naibos lk ]bslstdk`b Yrdlklke har Cbdotcy Diuots„Nbil`lkb & P`lbk`b lk Pparts & Bxbr`lsb
‟Ycb Nb`cdklsns ah Nus`ob Cypbrtrapcy dki Ycblr Dppol`dtlak ta ]bslstdk`b Yrdlklke„P`cabkhboi, Mrdi JJaurkdo ah
Ptrbketc dki @akiltlaklke ]bsbdr`c
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Xa`ê kàa prb`lsd ib un nìtaia. Nìtaias sð sbrvbn pdrd edkcdr
ilkcblra b prapdedr und libld. Kbkcund ibssds iuds `alsds sàa rulks,
bu dna edkcdr ilkcblra b sb d libld har mad, tbn qub sbr prapdedid.
Nds va`ê, kd prätl`d, kàa prb`lsd ibobs. A qub va`ê prb`lsd ì
bktbkibr as prlk`îplas ib trblkdnbkta.
Var ndls qub tbktbn `anpol`dr ibndls ds `alsds, as prlk`îplas sàa
mbn slnpobs. Xaounb ib trblka b Lktbkslidib (@D]ED). Pln, lssa
nbsna. Pð lssa. Yaia a rbsta elrd bn tarka ibssds iuds `alsds.
Ds nlo tì`kl`ds vbkilids `ana saouåòbs, sàa kd vbridib mad pdrtb
ibods, ndkblrds ib dunbktdr a vaounb ib trblka. Xa`ê kàa
kb`bssdrldnbktb prb`lsd ibods.
Ybnpa sam tbksàa, ì sð und vdrlävbo ib vaounb. Yä bxb`utdkia
`arrbtdnbktb1
Pbn
jaedr au odredr pbsa
kd `ak`êktrl`d
b bx`êktrl`d1
Kàa prb`lsd hdzbr
lktbk`lakdonbktb
ibvdedr,
kàa hdz ilhbrbkåd.
Irap-sbt, rbst-pdusb, `oustbr-sbt, mlsbt, trl-sbt1 Pàa sð ndkblrds
ib dunbktdr a vaounb ib trblka bn un nbkar pbrîaia ib
tbnpa. Bn doeuks nanbktas sàa lktbrbssdktbs, bu diara usdr
`oustbr par qub trblka `an <6% ib ]N b ds vbzbs dil`lakdr ndls
bxbr`î`las pdrd dil`lakdr ndls vaounb sb tarkd lkvlävbo pbod
hdiled pbrlhìrl`d d`unuodid b d bxdustàa dtì a hlkdo ia trblka,
nds KÀA sàa rberd. Bxbnpoa: va`ê tbn tbnpa ilspakîvbo1 Bktrb hdzbr
un irap-sbt au dil`lakdr und sìrlb d ndls `an `dred pbsdid b =~0nlk
ib ibs`dksa dtì bod, nlo vbzbs d sbeukid apåàa.
Cä und nbtd dkäolsb pravdkia qub kàa cä vdktdebks dil`lakdls pdrd as
edkcas da utlolzdr nìtaias dvdkådias, ibsib qub `an a vaounb
bqudolzdia. Bobs paibn sbr utlolzdias sb kb`bssärlas, nds kàa ì
rberd.‟Ndxlnlzlke Nus`ob Cypbrtrapcy: D Pystbndtl` ]bvlbw ah
Divdk`bi ]bslstdk`b Yrdlklke Yb`cklqubs ddki
ki Nbtcais„ lk Lktbrkdtlakdo
Jaurkdo ah Bkvlraknbktdo ]bsbdr`c dki Vumol` Cbdotc 48(=9):93<5 µ
Ib`bnmbr =64<.
Vbr`bmdn, YRIA elrd bn tarka ib Lktbkslidib (@D]ED) b Xaounb ib
trblka. Bktbkid as prlk`îplas, b sdmbrä usdr as nìtaias id ndkblrd
`arrbtd b qudkia kb`bssärla. (Bssd bu dprbkil `an
a Fnus`uod`dahdlxdprbtd )
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"Cajb, `ana jä ilssb bn autras tbxtas, tbnas nulta ndls ia qub `lêk`ld sbkia
prapdedid nds un kl`ca `anbr`ldo.
`anbr`ldo. D ibnaklzdåàa id `dred kàa tbn hukidnbkta
`lbktîhl`a kbkcun, b sln lktbrbssbs hlkdk`blras par pdrtb ib prahlsslakdls id
biu`dåàa hîsl`d qub qubrbn edkcdr dqubob púmol`a qub aibld nus`uodåàa nds
pded pbrsakdo par qub qubr tbr un `arpa maklta.
Vdrd lssa, bobs `rldn und kdrrdtlvd qub qubn usd dotds `dreds sàa murras bxlml`laklstds,
qub sð qubrbn dpdrb`br kd d`dibnld b vàa sb nd`cu`dr oaea. A pramobnd ì qub kàa ì d
`dred qub `dusd d obsàa, nds d pbrlailzdåàa lk`arrbtd.
Kd pbsqulsd ‟Ycb strbss ah hdtleub idndeb ak tbkiaks„,
tbkiaks„ , pastdia
par F`crlsdmbdrisoby ild = ib dmrlo, bobs amsbrvdrdn qub a idka ib hdiled `rùkl`d
paib sbr `dusdia par taia tlpa ib `dred sb hblta rbpbtlidnbktb, parìn, as bhbltas ib
hartdob`lnbkta ib tbkiàa b prbvbk
hartdob`lnbkta
prbvbkåàa
åàa ibssbs id
idkas
kas sð a`arrbn qudkia sb ndktìn
ndktìn
a usa ib dotds `dreds, ibnakstrdkia qub ilhbrbktb ia usudonbktb pbksdia, dotds
`dreds `an d pbrlailzdåàa `arrbtd ib vaounb V]BXLKBN obsòbs.
Vartdkta ì und oðel`d nulta slnpobs: pbrlailzau brrdia1 Kàa ibu a ibvlia ibs`dksa,
kàa ndklpuoau a vaounb b d hrbquêk`ld ib trblka `arrbtdnbktb1 (Kbn vau bktrdr kas
nìrltas ib bxb`uåàa `arrbtd par qub bod ibvbrld sbr und `akstdktb, doea prbssupasta, b
kàa und vdrlävbo) Bktàa vdl sb obslakdr lkibpbkibktb id `dred. Deard, hbz tuia lssa
`arrbta1 Bktàa va`ê sð vdl tbr a bhblta pratbtlva pdrd prbvbkåàa sb trdmdocdr `an `dreds
dotds.
Ka hln, a pramobnd kàa bstä ka pbsa obvdktdia, nds bn qubn obvdktd. B va`ê1
Ydnmìn d`cdvd qub `dred brd obslva1
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Pb va`ê bstä dqul, va`ê jä sdmb d lnpartík`ld
ln partík`ld ids `dreds pdrd d
clpbrtrahld. Tub `rbs`br kàa ì samrb ranpbr hlmrd, nds samrb tbksàa
nus`uodr. Nds, a ndlar dreunbkta ib qubn ibhbkib trblkas `an
`dreds nbkarbs, `diêk`ld `aktraodid b bt` ì qub `dred obslakd. Pbrä1
Vbrlailzdåàa. Dhlkdo, a q ì lssa1 Ì d pdrtb ndls lnpartdktb ia
trblkdnbkta: sbu podkbjdnbkta. B tdnmìn d pdrtb ndls bsqub`lid
par maiymuloibrs b, lkhbolznbktb, prahlsslakdls id bi. hîsl`d dqul ka
Mrdslo. Vbrlailzdåàa
Vbrlailzdåàa kàa ì slnpobsnbktb und card trblkdr pbsdia
b autrd card ‟vdrldr a bstînuoa„ `aoa`dkia un naktb ib tì`kl`d.
Ì ndklpuodr a vaounb b lktbkslidib ib ndkblrd d prbvbklr obsòbs,
`aksbeulr
und
supbr`anpbksdåàa
iasak
edkcas,
Kd pbsqulsd
pastdia podtùs.
‟Ycb
strbss ah hdtleub idndeb
tbkiaks„b, qubmrdr
par F`crlsdmbdrisoby ild = ib dmrlo, bobs amsbrvdrdn qub a idka ib
hdiled `rùkl`d paib sbr `dusdia par taia tlpa ib `dred sb hblta
rbpbtlidnbktb, parìn, as bhbltas ib hartdob`lnbkta ib tbkiàa b
prbvbkåàa ibssbs idkas sð a`arrbn qudkia sb ndktìn a usa ib
dotds `dreds,
`dreds, ibnakstrdkia qub ilhbrbktb ia usudonbktb pbksdia,
dotds `dreds `an d pbrlailzdåàa `arrbtd ib vaounb V]BXLKBN obsòbs.
Kðs `aoa`dnas kassas nús`uoas b tbkiòbs bn un kîvbo ib strbss. A
nús`uoa rb`upbrd ndls räplia qub a tbkiàa,
tbkiàa, nds d `dred tdnmìn
bstä bstlnuodkia a tbkiàa d sb didptdr. Vbrlailzdr ì idr a hùobea pdrd
a tbkiàa do`dkådr a erdu ib didptdåàa b rb`upbrdåàa qub a
nús`uoa, pdrd bktàa va`ê vaotdr d ‟sa`dr a pdu„.
B `ana sb hdz lssa1 Man, sbkia ndls slnpolstd passîvbo, bod sb ilvlib bn
0 pbrîaias:- Mdsb- @caqub- Iboadi, au rbebkbrdtlvaMdsb ì a sbu trblka
karndo, ilhî`lo, nds sustbktävbo. @caqub ì un trblka lnpassîvbo ib
ndktbr par ndls ia qub 4 au = sbndkds, b iboadi sbrld a nbsna
pbrîaia ia `caqub `an 86% d 06% ia vaounb ib trdmdoca id Mdsb.
Bssb vaounb paib sbr ndklpuodia ilnlkulkia ds `dreds au sð
ilnlkulkia as bxbr`î`las/sìrlbs, ibpbkib ia lkilvîiua b id
pbrlailzdåàa taid.
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Var nulta tbnpa sb d`rbiltau qub a strbss nbtdmðol`a ì un nbildiar hukidnbktdo id
clpbrtrahld. Lk`ouslvb, bssb nlta ì d mdsb ias trblkas ib <<% ias prahlsslakdls id
nus`uodåàa ka pdîs, `an ibs`dksas `urtas, lsanbtrld, bxbr`î`las `anmlkdias,
`diêk`ld `aktraodid b qudoqubr `alsd qub hdåd a nús`uoa qublndr. Nds d vbridib
qub bvliêk`lds rb`bktbs ibnakstrdn qub doìn ibob kàa sleklhl`dr kdid pdrd clpbrtrahld,
nulta pravdvbonbktb bob prbjuil`d.
Hdiled ia PK@ ì ibobtìrld pdrd clpbrtrahld pals prbjuil`d d `dpd`lidib ib
rb`rutdnbkta ids uklidibs natards dova, bssb bstuia (4) Wrbhbrêk`lds dmdlxa^ nastrau
qub a Od`tdta bstä dssa`ldia `an a dunbkta id olmbrdåàa ib nyaglkds
lkhodndtðrlds qub dunbktdn bssd hdiled, sbkia dota kîvbls ib od`tdta prbjuil`ldls pdrd
clpbrtrahld.
@ana jä ilta par nln dktbs, a prlnarildo pdrd clpbrtrahld ì d tbksàa nus`uodr. Bssb
bstuia (=) nastrau qub dota kîvbls ib od`tdta ka nús`uoa cundka bn trblkas `an mdlxd
lktbkslidib rbiuzlu d `dpd`lidib ib slkdolzdåàa ib vlds clpbrtrðhl`ds.
Yrblka `an rbstrlåàa ib houxa sdkeuîkba ì `akcb`lia par hdzbr rbsuotdias sbnbocdktbs
ib clpbrtrahld `an mdlxds `dreds, bktrbtdkta bssb bstuia (0) ibnakstrd qub kàa sb iä
ibvlia da dota strbss nbtdmðol`a, sbjd pboa od`tdta au dunbkta id olmbrdåàa ib EC.
Bktàa dhlkdo, ib akib vbn as rbsuotdias qudkia ‟sb trblkd haha„1 Pbeukia bssb bstuia (9)
ì nulta ndls pravävbo qub ka trblka `an mdlxds `dreds dtì d hdocd näxlnd `ak`êktrl`d d
clpbrtrahld sb iê pboa rb`rutdnbkta ids uklidibs natards dova ibvlia d hdiled, ia qub
das kîvbls ib nbtdmðoltas. Doìn ilssa, paib sbr qub d clpbrtrahld amtlid tdnmìn sb
mbkbhl`lb ia lk`cdåa sdr`apodsnätl`a, ibvlia da dunbkta ib houxa sdkeuîkba, nds kàa
sdmbnas dlkid sb lssa d oakea prdza paib sbr ibobtìrla pdrd d clpbrtrahld bn sl,
bktrbtdkta sdmbnas ka hlsl`uoturlsna qub dspb`ta kàa ì a nbsna ib qubn trblkd `an
dotds `dreds b prlvlobeld d clpbrtrahld nlahlmrlodr.
B dî lssa jä ì a suhl`lbktb pdrd va`ê pdrdr ib mus`dr d qublndåàa b a punp b `anbådr d
trblkdr pbsdia1
]bhbrêk`lds:
(4)„LO-8 rbobdsb hran nus`obs iurlke bxbr`lsb ls stlnuodtbi my od`tdtb-ibpbkibkt pratbdsb d`tlvlty„.(=)„NDVG d`tlvdtlak
dki C0G9 trlnbtcyodtlak ls ib`rbdsbi my od`tdtb lk vltra dki clec lktbkslty rbslstdk`b trdlklke lk cundk sgbobtdo
nus`ob„.(0)„Bhhb`ts ah `anmlkbi trbdtnbkt wltc moaai hoaw rbstrl`tlak Dki Oaw `urrbkt bob`trl`do stlnuodtlak ak nus`ob
cypbrtrapcy lk rdts„.(9)„Iabs nbtdmaol` strbss `dusbs Nus`ob erawtc1„.
Pð pdrd idr ndls `rbilmlolidib, lssa tuia ì un `anplodia ib pastdebks b `ak`ousòbs ia F`crlsdmbdrisoby
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Ndktbr a vaounb b rbiuzlr d lktbkslidib, ndktbr d lktbkslidib b rbiuzlr vaounb, au
rbiuzlr dnmas, qudo sbrä d nbocar apåàa ⁌.
Dpbsdr id pbrlailzdåàa podkbjdid sbr ib `brtd ndkblrd kbeolebk`ldid par dtobtds b
trblkdiarbs ka maiymuloilke, nultas tbn d prätl`d ib nbsna dssln sb utlolzdr ib
pbrîaias ib iboadi, bspb`ldonbktb dpðs `anpbtlåàa. Bktrbtdkta, vbja as dtobtds b
trblkdiarbs rb`anbkidkia qub a rbkilnbkta ka trblka ibspbkqub, `alsd qub kàa ì
kb`bssärld b paib dtì sbr `aktrd praiu`bktb. Bktàa vdnas oä.
Ka drtlea ‟Bxbr`lsb Iaslke ta ]btdlk ]bslstbk`b Yrdlklke Didptdtlaks ln \auke Dki Aoibr
Diuots„ ibktra ibssb amjbtlva ib bktbkibr as bhbltas ia trblka ib nus`uodåàa bn diuotas
javbks b liasas, b as bhbltas ia ibstrblkdnbkta, ilvlilrdn bn 0 erupas, akib a 4 pdrau
ib trblkdr tatdonbktb, a erupa = qub rbiuzlu a vaounb pdrd 4/0, au sbjd, 06% ia tatdo, b a
erupa 0 qub rbiuzlu pdrd 4/< ia vaounb tatdo. A nbocar rbsuotdia hal ia erupa = qub
`aksbeulu dtì 48 sbndkds ibpals dlkid ndktbr und slkdolzdåàa ib clpbrtrahld nbsna
`an 56% ia vaounb rbiuzlia. Lssa kas lkil`d qub d lktbkslidib ì a plodr hukidnbktdo
pdrd as edkcas b d ndkutbkåàa ias nbsnas, dtì `an vaounb bxtrbndnbktb rbiuzlia..
Jä ka ‟Ptrbketc trdlklke dki ibtrdlklke bhhb`ts ak nus`uodr strbketc, dkdbraml` pawbr,
dki namlolty ah lkd`tlvb aoibr nbk drb lktbkslty ibpbkibkt„ as liasas qub hardn
`aoa`dias pdrd trblkdr bn dotd lktbkslidib hardn as qub ndktlvbrdn taids ds
didptdåòbs par ndls tbnpa, lk`ouslvb clpbrtrahld. Ì lnpartdktb hrlsdr qub dpbsdr id
papuodåàa ilhbrbktb id kassd rbdolidib, bssb tlpa ib pbsqulsd ì hbltd pals ‟qudkia ndls
trblkdia a lkilvîiua, nbkas trblkävbo bob ì„, partdkta sb d dotd lktbkslidib tbn bssb
bhblta bn liasas, lndelkb bn dtobtds.
Kbssd pdrtb jä puibnas bktbkibr d lnpartík`ld hukidnbktdo id lktbkslidib pdrd
ndkutbkåàa ias edkcas.
Tudkia hdodnas ib rb`upbrdåàa, kàa hdodnas sð ib nús`uoa. Ydnmìn hdodnas ib
tbkiòbs b ia Plstbnd Kbrvasa @bktrdo. Tudkia ndktbnas d lktbkslidib b rbiuzlnas a
vaounb, vlnas qub a patbk`ldo ib ndktbr as edkcas ì ndlar, nds qudo d rbodåàa ilssa
`an bssds iuds autrd qubstòbs bn `anpdrdåàa `an rbiuzlr d lktbkslidib b ndktbr a
vaounb1
Kd pbsqulsd ‟Ycb strbss ah hdtleub idndeb ak tbkiaks„, pastdia
par F`crlsdmbdrisoby ild = ib dmrlo, bobs amsbrvdrdn qub a idka ib hdiled `rùkl`d paib
sbr `dusdia par taia tlpa ib `dred sb hblta rbpbtlidnbktb, parìn, as bhbltas ib
hartdob`lnbkta ib tbkiàa b prbvbkåàa ibssbs idkas sð a`arrbn qudkia sb ndktìn a
usa ib dotds `dreds, ibnakstrdkia qub ilhbrbktb ia usudonbktb pbksdia, dotds `dreds
`an d pbrlailzdåàa `arrbtd ib vaounb V]BXLKBN obsòbs.
Ndls iuds pbsqulsds hbltds pboa odmardtðrla ia @crls, und pastdid ild 9/4=/=645 b autrd
06/46/=643 ibnakstrdn qub d hdiled ia PK@ d`aktb`b prlk`lpdonbktb par bxbr`î`las ib
nbkar lktbkslidib b ndlar iurdåàa b rbpbtlåàa, b qub bssd hdiled ibnard nulta ndls
pdrd sbr rb`upbrdid ia qub bxbr`î`las ib haråd, rbspb`tlvdnbktb.
Pbkia
dssln,
doìn ib dsbr
nbocar pdrd
ndktbrì as
edkcas,
un
iboadi sð rbiuzlkia
vaounb
b ndktbkia
lktbkslidib
tdnmìn
nbocar
pdrd
d ndkutbkåàa
b
rb`upbrdåàa ias tbkiòbs b PK@.
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]b`bktbnbktb un drtlea pumol`dia (Carakl bt. Do) `dusau aredsnas kas
pbrsakdo trdlkbrs qub vbkibn a `oässl`a trblka ib hrdkea `cbla ib hlruod. Kbob,
dpaktdvd und pravävbo `arrbodåàa bktrb Vunp b clpbrtrahld. B as hrdkeas
usdrdn bssb drtlea `ana mdsb, a`uotdkia lkharndåòbs hukidnbktdls ia
nbsna, pdrd justlhl`drbn qub trblkas `cbla ib lsanbtrld, ibs`dksa
`urta b bt` sàa nbocarbs.
A pramobnd ì qub a prðprla drtlea ilz qub a trblka pdrd clpbrtrahld ndls
bhbtlva ì d`lnd ib 86% ib ]N, b doìn ilssa, d pbsqulsd hal hbltd `an
lkilvîiuas ibstrblkdias, bn un nakltardnbkta ib 8 sbndkds `an
un trblka utlolzdkia 36% ib ]N bn sìrlbs ib 3 rbpbtlåòbs.
Dhlkdo, a qub tuia lssa sleklhl`d1 Pleklhl`d sð qub as pbrsakdo trdlkbrs qub
pastdrdn samrb sàa ibsakbstas da pdssdr lkharndåàa.A drtlea kàa hbz
kbkcund `ak`ousàa. Bob slnpobsnbktb prapùs qub a Vunp bstä rbod`lakdia
`an d clpbrtrahld (doea qub pdrd kðs ì ðmvla) par qub qudkia sb trblkd
pbsdia, sb tbn punp. PLN, ì sð lssa. Bobs kàa `ltdrdn trblka S au \, au vlds ib
slkdolzdåàa ib clpbrtrahld, kdid. Ì und pbsqulsd mbn ‟mamd„ par slkdo.
D erdkib qubstàa ì qub `arrbodåàa kàa ì `dusdolidib.
`dusdolidib. A kanb ilssa ì
ildoìtl`d ì d hdoä`ld ‟Vast ca` brea praptbr ca`„. Pbrld ndls au nbkas
dssln:Mdoblds kdidn. Vblxbs tdnmìn kdidn. Oaea mdoblds sàa pblxbs.Ì bssb
erdu ib rd`la`îkla b ibsakbstlidib, pdsnbn.
Bktàa nulta `ulidia qudkia vbr a `oässl`a `drd ib hata ib `dnlsd paoa, `an q
ndked dedrrdid ka mrdåa ib 02`n, `an as mrdåas `ruzdias b ‟pbrsakdo„
dktbs ia kanb pastdrbn drtleas (das nbus obltarbs qub naktdrdn sbu
Lkstderdn
prahlsslakdo
kàaobrsbaahbkidn,
haltbn
sð und
mrlk`diblrd
).PBNV]B, PBNV]B
vàadssln
dträs ib
drtlea. Kàa
d`bssa1
Eaaeobld samrb
s`l cum.B va`ê1 Xlu und pastdebn ibssb tlpa samrb bssb drtlea1
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Bu vbja nultd ebktb qub hdz d úkl`d tì`kl`d ib lktbkslidib, plrínlib, pals
dunbktd d `dred, `anbådkia `an `dreds mdlxds hdzbkia =6/42 rbpbtlåòbs b
sð ibpals pdrtb pdrd `dreds ndlarbs pdrd 4=, 3 b 8 rbps. Lssa bstä brrdia1
Kàa. Nds pdrd qudo hln1 .
Pb va`ê hdz a usa ibssds sìrlbs lkl`ldls bn taia bxbr`î`la `ana ndkblrd ib
prbpdrdåàa b dqub`lnbkta pdrd ds suds warglke sbt, sbn un amjbtlva ib
slkdolzdåàa ib clpbrtrahld, bktàa mbobzd. Ydovbz va`ê hdåd lssa dtì
lk`aks`lbktbnbktb.
Deard, sb va`ê pbksd kbssds sìrlbs `ana sandtðrlds ia vaounb tatdo
ib trdmdoca b slkdolzdåàa ib clpbrtrahld, bktàa vbjd mbn, pals bods
prb`lsdn sbr hbltds ib und ndkblrd nulta bspb`îhl`a qub ì dtlkelr d
hdocd näxlnd `ak`êktrl`d. Obnmrb-sb ib taias as drtleas qub `anpdrdn a
trdmdoca ib mdlxd `an dotd lktbkslidib b bobs slkdolzdn qub pdrd a trdmdoca
`an mdlxd lktbkslidib sbr bhbtlva V]B@LPD dtlkelr d hdocd näxlnd
`ak`êktrl`d.
Pð qub tbkcd bn nbktb qub sb va`ê hl`dr dtlkelkia d hdocd näxlnd
`ak`êktrl`d bn sìrlbs sumnäxlnds dktbs ids sìrlbs `an dotds `dreds,
lssa lrä ebrdr hdiled ka PK@ b rbiuzlr sbu rbkilnbkta ka trdmdoca `an
ds `dreds dotds, paibkia b pravdvbonbktb rbiuzlkia d lktbkslidib ia
sbu trblka. Bktàa pbsb kd mdodkåd b vbjd sb `anpbksd b pdrd qudo amjbtlva
va`ê hdz usa ibssds sìrlbs lkl`ldls.
Ka hln, a pramobnd ilhl`lonbktb bstä ka naia ib trblkdr nds sln kd
lekarík`ld ia par qub bstä hdzbkia `did `alsd. B va`ê1 Pdmld ilssa1 Hdz
sìrlbs ndls dotds dktbs ids pbsdids1
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1
Obvdktdr ndls un ibmdtb dqul `an va`ês, nds dktbs ib prapar bssd
qubstàa, prb`lsa rbobnmrdr doeunds lkharndåòbs:
D `lêk`ld ibnakstrd qub d hdocd sanbktb ì kb`bssärld qudkia sb
trdmdocd `an mdlxds `dreds, dmdlxa ib 86% ib ]N,
]N , pals sð lkia dtì d
hdocd näxlnd `ak`êktrl`d sb tbn a rb`rutdnbkta ids uklidibs natards ib
dota olnldr b tdndkca, qub sàa ds hlmrds dova pdrd clpbrtrahld.@an
clpbrtrahld.@an `dreds
dotds, lktbkslidib dotd d`lnd ib 56% ib ]N, bssds uklidibs natards
sàa rb`rutdids ibsib d prlnblrd rbpbtlåàa, jä ebrdkia d tbksàa
nus`uodr kbods b ibsbk`dibdkia d nb`dkatrdksiuåàa pdrd a
pra`bssa ib clpbrtrahld. Bn vaounb bqudolzdia, lr dtì d hdocd au kàa lr dtì d
hdocd ebrau edkcas sbnbocdktbs bn pbsqulsds hbltds.
Autrd `alsd ì qub sb `akstdtau bn pbsqulsds sbnbocdktbs, qub ds rbpbtlåòbs
qub rbdonbktb `aktdn sàa ds úotlnds 2 rbpbtlåòbs dktbs id hdocd. Pàa
Pàa bssds
+_- 2 rbpbtlåòbs hlkdls qub slkdolzdn ib hdta a pra`bssa ib clpbrtrahld,
clpbrtrahld ,
bktàa bn und sltudåàa bn qub sb bqudolzd a vaounb, trdmdocd `an `dreds
dotds, nds iblxd ndls ib 2 rbpbtlåòbs samrdkia kds sìrlbs, as edkcas sàa
ibobtìrlas. Vartdkta, nbsna qub kàa `cbeub dtì d hdocd, ì sbnprb
kb`bssärla trdmdocdr prðxlna ibod.
Bktrbtdkta, d hdocd nus`uodr ì bxtrbndnbktb libdolzdid b ibhbkilid pboa
`akcb`lnbkta bnpîrl`a ib maiymuloibrs bn sbus trblkdnbktas. Bktàa sbkia
bu un maiymuloibr qub hdz ib tuia pdrd `dsdr d prätl`d `an d tbarld b mdsb
`lbktîhl`d, pbksbl:B sb, qudkia juktdnas a trdmdoca `an dotds `dreds B D
HDOCD näxlnd `ak`êktrl`d, d slkdolzdåàa clpbrtrðhl`d `anbåd tbr un
`rbs`lnbkta bxpakbk`ldo sb kðs `aksbeulrnas trdksharndr bssds
‟`lk`a„ úotlnds bn 8, 5...1
Nds
qubqub
bssb
edkca sbjd
Vals2sbrbps
kàadktbs
har, bktàa
sbrldìdkb`bssärla
nbsnd `alsd
dil`lakdr
undbxpakbk`ldo.
sìrlb bxtrd `an
id hdocd,
sbn dtlkelr d hdocd b prbsbrvdr a PK@.
Pb har un `rbs`lnbkta bxpakbk`ldo, bktàa bktbkibnas nìtaias ib trblka
`ana ia Iarldk \dtbs,
\dtbs, qub `akstrulu un hîsl`a idqubob.
Dpbsdr qub d`ca ilhî`lo qub tàa `bia bssb kîvbo ib pra`bssa mlaquînl`a passd
sbr nbksurdia pdrd tlrdrnas d pravd ib vbz (b qudoqubr `alsd dktbs ilssa ì
PANBKYB bspb`uodåàa b rbodta ib `dsa), a bktbkilnbkta ilssa bktàa tarkdrld
ndls lktbrbssdktb a usa id hdocd, dpbsdr ib dlkid sbr kb`bssärla usä-od `an
lktboleêk`ld leudo Iarldk usdvd (sð kd úotlnd sìrlb ib `did bxbr`î`la, b `an
und hrbquêk`ld ib trblka mdlxd ibvlia hdiled ia sk`).
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@an d ilvuoedåàa ias oaes ib trblka ia Iaz pboa Jaridk Vbtbrs, d`cbl man
hdodr ibssb dssukta qub jä `akhukilu nultd ebktb samrb vaounb ib trblka. As
oaes sàa ias dkas 36, dktbs ia sbu rblkdia ka Aoynpld b id ìpa`d ia Moaai'k
Euts, par lssa pbrkd tlkcd un man vaounb ib trblka, nds a rbsta brd mbn
mdlxa.
Ib 46, pboa nbkas 5 jä `dîrdn ka brra ib sb ibsounmrdrbn `an as
vîibas ia Moaai'k Euts. Bu ka pdssdia nbsna hlz lssa. Dqubod durd ib
`dvbrkd, a scdpb ndls lksdka qub va`ê jä vlu trblkdkia `an dotds `dreds b idî
va`ê vdl obr samrb bob hdodkia ib trblka, prbed mdlxîsslna vaounb b va`ê
pbksd: ‟tä dî, ì bssb a sberbia„
Pð tbn un pramobnd: va`ê kàa ì a Iarldk \dtbs. Xa`ê kàa tbn d
`dpd`lidib ib trblkdr `an d par`bktdebn ib ]N ibob, va`ê kàa tbn d
`dpd`lidib ib lr doìn ids rbpbtlåòbs pdr`ldls b hdocd näxlnd
`ak`êktrl`d leudo bob, va`ê kàa tbn d ils`lpolkd b d `akslstêk`ld ibob b
tdnmìn nulta lnpartdktb: va`ê kàa tbn d ebkìtl`d ibob.
Ib un odia tbnas a Iarldk, und dmbrrdåàa id kdturbzd b und
ils`lpolkd bxtrbndnbktb hard id `urvd `an un nìtaia ib
trblkdnbkta qub dtlkeld <6% ib ]N b hdzld 8 rbpbtlåòbs sandkia ds
pdr`ldls, `alsd qub klkeuìn `aksbeub hdzbr qudsb,
qudsb, b ia autra tbnas
taias as autras lhmm pras ias dkas <6 kîvbo aoynpld, trblkdkia `an d
nbtaiaoaeld Ublibr jukta `an taid d oltbrdturd `lbktîhl`d samrb vaounb ib
trblka qub paib sbr `akhbrlid kds pastdebks ia Fvdkirb`h.
Pbn `aktdr a patbk`ldo obslva ia tlpa ib trblka ia Iaz,
Iaz , qub prd bob vdobu
a `usta prd sbr 8x Nr Aoynpld, va`ê pravdvbonbktb kàa trblkd leudo bob b
dssln `ana taias kðs ilhl`lonbktb vdl sbr un Nr Aoynpld, a qub ì nbocar1 Pb
louilr
b tbktdr
lnltdr au
a qub
sdmbnas
qubvaounb1
huk`lakd1 Dotd lktbkslidib
(kàa tàa
dotd qudkta
ia hdzbr
iaz nds
mbn
dotd) b dota
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Ndls und vbz, dpravbltdkia a edk`ca id ilvuoedåàa ias oaes ib trblka ia Iaz
pboa Jaridk Vbtbrs, vbkca dqul prd va`ês bxpol`dr a qub bstä par träs ias
rbsuotdias ib Iarldk \dtbs b sbu trblka ib ‟mdlxa„ vaounb, doìn id sud
ebkìtl`d ibs`anukdo b sud ìtl`d ib trdmdoca hard id `urvd.
Dpbsdr ia `äo`uoa ndls `anun ib vaounb sbr utlolzdkia sìrlbs sbndkdls, cä
autras hdtarbs qub lkhoubk`ldn kbssb naktdktb. Vrlnblra, `dred. Pln,
`dred ì lktbkslidib b tdnmìn ì vaounb, pals vaounb sb trdtd ib
trdmdoca tatdo. Iarldk tlkcd d `dpd`lidib ib trdmdocdr `an und
par`bktdebn ib ]N qub qudsb klkeuìn ndls `aksbeub, par lssa, d
takbodebn tatdo ia sbu trblka brd nulta erdkib, dunbktdkia a vaounb ibob
nbsna `an pau`ds sìrlbs b bxbr`î`las.
Doìn ilssa, YRY tdnmìn ì und vdrlävbo ib vaounb. B dqul tbnas iuds
qubstòbs: a Iarldk ibhbkild und kbedtlvd bxtrbndnbktb obktd,
d`rbiltdkia qub lssa slkdolzdrld ndls clpbrtrahld par tbr ndls nl`ra
obsàa nus`uodr. Cajb, 06 dkas ibpals, sdmbnas qub kbn `diêk`ld
`aktraodid kbn nl`ra obsàa sleklhl`dn kb`bssdrldnbktb ndls
clpbrtrahld (`ana jä nastrbl `an rbhbrêk`lds bn autras tbxtas),
tbxtas) , nds
sbn qubrbr a Iarldk bstdvd dunbktdkia sln und vdrlävbo lnpartdktîsslnd
prd clpbrtrahld sbeurdkia d kbedtlvd: a vaounb. @alsd qub ibktra id oðel`d ia
sbu trblka, `an mdlxd qudktlidib ib sìrlbs b bxbr`î`las, sb tarkdvd doea
lnpartdktb.Autrd `alsd ì qub qudkia sb trdmdocd `an `dreds dotds, ka
kîvbo qub bob trdmdocdvd, ì lkbvltävbo qub d `diêk`ld hlqub ndls
ibvdedr, slnpobsnbktb pq kàa iä prd jaedr a pbsa prd `lnd leudo
`atakbtb. Ndls vaounb dqul tdnmìn.
Doìn ilssa, bob sbnprb ld doìn id hdocd bn taids ds sìrlbs, `dusdkia und
bkarnb hdiled ia PK@, nds bn `anpbksdåàa `aksbeuld `an dotîsslnds
`dreds bn rbpbtlåòbs harådids a näxlna rb`rutdnbkta ids uklidibs natards
dova. B `ana bob `anpbksdvd lssa1 Mdlxd hrbquêk`ld ib trblka b mdlxa
vaounb bn sìrlbs b bxbr`î`las, pbrnltlkia qub bob sbnprb bstlvbssb
rb`upbrdia ia PK@ pdrd lr doìn ia olnltb kas trblkas.
Lktultlva au podkbjdia, a Iarldk d`cau und `anmlkdåàa ib hdtarbs qub sb
`anpobnbktdn b obvau bob dtì a pdtdndr qub `cbeau.
Kàa hlz as `äo`uoas nds ì hdta qub bob trdmdocdvd `an un vaounb dmdlxa id
nbild, bktrbtdkta tdovbz kàa tàa mdlxa qudkta sb pdrb`b ä prlnblrd vlstd sbn
obvdr bn `aktd bssds qubstòbs. Varìn, bob sð paild trblkdr ibssd
ndkblrd pals bob dtbkild ials paktas qub kbn bu, b iuvlia qub va`ê
`aksled: lr bxtrbndnbktb doìn id hdocd bn YAID sìrlb b trdmdocdr
PBNV]B d`lnd ib 36% id ]N, pdrd un `drd ib 406ge.Bktàa nbocar d
ebktb hl`dr `an vaounb dota sbndkdo nbsna kì1
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Ilednas qub va`ê tbkcd un pdr`blra ib trblka, b par lssa va`ê qubr tbktdr
trblkdr b lnpar d ibkslidib (sb dtbktbn d bssd bs`aocd `arrbtd ia tbrna, kàa
lktbkslidib) ib trblka ia Iarldk, sbrä qub iä1
Man, pbod nlkcd bxpbrlêk`ld, tbn qub sb obvdr doeunds `alsds bn `aktd. D
prlnblrd sbrld sb a sbu `arpa bstä prbpdrdia pdrd bssb tlpa ib trblka.
B kàa bstdr prbpdrdia kàa kb`bssdrldnbktb sleklhl`d sbr hrdkea. Bu easta ib
trblkdr ka ild d ild sbn nb utlolzdr nulta id hdocd, `an d `dred hlkdo ibsib d
prlnblrd sìrlb (sbn plrínlib) b sbn tì`kl`ds ib vaounb. Mdsl`dnbktb
Mdsl`dnbktb nbtbr
`dred b hdzbr sbn hlruod. Yatdo apasta ia moaai k“ euts. Tudkia hul hdzbr,
oaea ka prlnblra bxbr`î`la pboa bx`bssa ib hdiled ia PK@ b strbss nbtdmðol`a,
sbktl nbu rbkilnbkta `dlr ibndls. Ì katävbo qub kbssb trblka, hal kb`bssärla
sd`rlhl`dr d mad harnd pdrd ndktbr ds `dreds. A prðprla iarldk dktbs
ib `cbedr kdqubod hðrnuod ib trblka hal trdksltdkia das pau`as bktrb
hðrnuods prbolnlkdrbs dtì `cbedr kdqubod. Kàa ì sð nuidr sbu trblka
prd a ibob b lr oä b hdzbr.
Ì md`dkd hdzbr. Nds kd card qub `aoa`a kd paktd ia oäpls, sð vbja sbktlia sb
prbpdrdr ds didptdåòbs ia sbu `arpa dktbs, sdlkia das pau`as id sud harnd
ib trblkdr `akvbk`lakdo, b ibpals ib doeuks nbsbs `cbedr ka moaai k“ euts.
Dpbsdr id sbksdåàa ib supbrdåàa b lr da bxtrbna, bu, Xltar Mlzza,
prbhlra sð nbtbr `dred b jaedr prd `lnd, värlas bxbr`î`las b prakta.
Nds sb tlvbssb d apartuklidib ib hdzbr taia bssb pra`bssa, sbrld
lktbrbssdktb...B va`ê1 Jä tbktau hdzbr `an un pdr`blra ib trblka
ileka1
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D hrdsb qub `aoa`a kd prlnblrd olkcd ì un mdlt(ls`d) prd dtrdlr dtbkåàa,
bktrbtdkta ka nbu past samrb `diêk`ld `aoaqubl und hrdsb par und
lekarík`ld nlkcd, ibs`akcb`lnbkta samrb a qub a Nbktzbr rbdonbktb
prbedvd.
Bob kd vbridib prbedvd a trdmdoca `an und
und `dred qub hdzld a navlnbkta
hl`dr obkta ib tàa dotd qub bod brd, b kàa hdzbr a navlnbkta
lktbk`lakdonbktb obkta. Bxdtdnbktb a qub a lnmb`lo qub vas hdod prbed
Bn `anpobnbkta `an lssa, bob prbedvd tdnmìn d bx`êktrl`d obktd, akib cajb
bn ild jä sdmbnas ib taias as mbkbhî`las ia usa ilssa bn rbodåàa d
clpbrtrahld b näxlnd tbksàa nus`uodr. Pbkia dssln, pbod `dred qub bob
trdmdocdvd, kàa sb bxtrdîd nultds rbpbtlåòbs, parìn bob `aktlkudvd a
bxbr`î`la `an as hdnasas `oustbrs ib Nbktzbr b rbpbtlåòbs harådids,
bxtrdlkia a näxlna passîvbo ib `did bxbr`î`la.
Iì`dids dträs id `lêk`ld `anbådr d bktbkibr d hdiled ia sk`, Nbktzbr jä tlkcd
un bktbkilnbkta samrb lssa pbod prätl`d b sdmld id kb`bsslidib ib und
mdlxd hrbquêk`ld ib trblka qudkia trblkdkia ibstd ndkblrd. Ydnmìn
Ydnmìn
paibnas amsbrvdr qub un trblka ibssb nbsna `an und dotd
slkdolzdåàa ib tbksàa nus`uodr, tdnmìn d`unuodvd dota kîvbo ib
strbss nbtdmðol`a, `ak`loldkia ds iuds vlds ib clpbrtrahld.
A qub `akhukib nulta ds pbssads ì d qubstàa id `diêk`ld. Kd lktbrkbt, moaes,
yautumbrs sð pdssdn qub d `diêk`ld tbn qub sbr ibvdedr, b bsqub`bn ib
hdodr ia ibtdocb qub bod ì ibvdedr par qub trdmdocd `an <6% d 466% ib rn.
Autrd `akhusàa sbrld a `ak`blta ib ‟lktbkslidib„. Nbktzbr prbedvd dotd
lktbkslidib ib bsharåa b d`dmdvd tdnmìn trblkdkia `an d dotd
lktbkslidib rbdo, % ib rn. Ka hln kàa iblxd ib sbr dotd lktbkslidib.
Vrlk`îplas ia Cbdvy IutyNlgb Nbktzbr mdsbau-sb kas prlk`îplas:* Dotd
lktbkslidib ib `dred b bsharåa.*Lr doìn id hdocd.* Yrblkas `urtas.* ]b`upbrdåàa
]b`upbrdåàa
oaked.*Yrblkb `an spattbr/pdr`blra.*
spattbr/pdr`blra.* Pbnprb ndktbkcd mad tì`kl`d.* Hdåd
kbedtlvds b rbpbtlåòbs harådids `an sbu spattbr.* ]bst-pdusb/@oustbr.
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Bxlstb und erdkib `akhusàa bn rbodåàa da Ybnpa sam Ybksàa,
Ybksàa,
lk`ouslvb as hahakdutds mrdsloblras diardn bssd ‟vdrlävbo„ qudsb
bn un tbar brðtl`a `an bod.
D erdkib vbridib qub hdzbr ibvdedrlkca lktbk`lakdonbktb
KÀA EB]D NDLP CLVB]Y]AHLD b lk`ouslvb ì V]BJRIL@LDO æ
bod. Jä bxpol`a...
Vrlnblra vdnas `anbådr pbod pdrtb mad:
A úkl`a nanbkta qub und `diêk`ld obktd ì mbkìhl`d ì qudkia d
`dred ì tàa erdkib, qub nbsna `an sbu näxlna bsharåa, va`ê
navb a pbsa ibvdedr. Doläs bssb ì a äpl`b id nb`dkatrdksiuåàa
b näxlnd clpbrtrahld ibhbkilia par F`crlsdmbdrisoby b a prðprla
Nbktzbr, nulta ndo lktbrprbtdia par \autumbrs b Moaeebrs.
Tudkia bstdnas hdodkia ib autrds sltudåòbs, hdzbr
lktbk`lakdonbktb ndls ibvdedr V]BJRIL@D d clpbrtrahld,
pals ]BIRZ d lktbkslidib, rbiuzlkia a XAORNB YAYDO ib
trdmdoca ibvlia d HDILED d`unuodid.
Vbsqulsds ibnakstrdn qub und `diêk`ld duta suebrlid rbsuotd
bn ndls rbsuotdias ia qub und `diêk`ld `rakanbtrdid
lktbk`lakdonbktb obktd. Bktàa slnpobsnbktb hdåd a bxbr`î`la `an
mad bxb`uåàa sbn un navlnbkta mdoîstl`a, sb lnpartb ndls `an d
samrb`dred praerbsslvd ia qub `diêk`ld b ‟prakta `dmau, tdaqubl1
Ol`bk`ldia pdrd - Hrdk`ls`a Ycldea Haksb`d Olnd - 60<0264300< - Vratbelia par Biuzz.`an
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Amvldnbktb va`ê jä sdmb (au ibvld sdmbr) id vaounb-ibpbkiêk`ld ilrbtd ias
rbsuotdias, parìn, cä und `alsd qub ibvb sbr amsbrvdid b `akslibrdid
qudkia hdodnas ib lkilvîiuas bxtrbndnbktb dvdkådias `ana Maiymuloibrs:
kbkcun drtlea bstuid bobs (kðs).
Rn drtlea ib ials dkas dträs, dkibrsbk, j. o. & eruts`cy-gkuisbk, Y. (=643),
ibnakstrau qub trblkas ib dota vaounb b sbnprb lkia dtì d hdocd tbn d
`dpd`lidib ib lklmlr a ebkb ids hlmrds ib `aktrdåàa supbr räplid =S b dtlvdr
as ebkbs ids hlmrds tlpa =D. D oakea prdza, lssa paib sbr prbjuil`ldo pdrd d
näxlnd clpbrtrahld b kd `akstruåàa ib un hîsl`a ibksa.
@an bstä lkharndåàa `aksbeulnas bktbkibr par qub dtobtds ndsslvas b
ibksas tbn diqulrlia d nbktdolidib ib trdmdocdr `an vaounbs
nìilas mbn dmdlxa ia dota vaounb qub sb rb`anbkid pdrd
lktbrnbilärlas, dotds `dreds b ndklpuodn d hdocd ib ndkblrd ndls
lktbolebktb, lk`ouslvb d `rldåàa ia `ak`blta ib ]bps lk ]bsbrvb.
Tudkia aocdnas pdrd a pdssdia, sdmbnas qub as dtobtds kàa tlkcdn und
prba`updåàa `lbktîhl`d `an a trblkdnbkta, parìn
parìn a Vaao ebkìtl`a brd
nulta ndls boltlzdia b a `drd qub tbvb bssd vlsàa slnpobsnbktb
rbvaou`lakau a bspartb: Iarldk.
BN @LND ILPPA YBNAP TRB PB XA@Ê HA] (B V]AXDXBONBKYB KÀA Ì)
BSVB]LBKYB A PRHL@LBKYB VD]D Y]DMDOCD] @AN <6% IB ]N BN
BSB@RÅÀA VB]HBLYD B DYLXDÅÀA NÄSLND IDP HLM]DP, XA@Ê VAIB
Y]DMDOCD] BN XAORNBP NÌILAP IB 42 Ä =6 PÌ]LBP PBNDKDLP B YB]
NDLA]BP MBKBHÎ@LAP, VA]TRÊ DHLKDO @D]ED YDNMÌN Ì RND XD]LÄXBO IB
XAORNB.NDP, BR YBKCA DTRL RND ]BHOBSÀA: KD @AKYD NDYBNÄYL@D,
PRML] = ]BVBYLÅÒBP A@DPLAKD RND NDLA] YAKBODEBN IA TRB
PRML] =6GE. BKY]BYDKYA, KD V]ÄYL@D VB]@BMBNAP TRB D VD]YL] IB
RN IBYB]NLKDIA VAKYA D @D]ED VBPD NRLYA NDLP VD]D D
CLVB]Y]AHLD IA TRB A XAORNB IB Y]BLKA. BKYÀA YDOXBZ, D
XAORNB IBVBKIÊK@LD IA Y]BLKDNBKYA D VD]YL] IBPPB VAKYA PBJD
NBKAP ]BOBXDKYB IA TRB D ‟@D]ED IBVBKIÊK@LD„, B D @LÊK@LD
DLKID KÀA IBP@AM]LR D ]DZÀA ILPPA YDOXBZ VT D NB@DKA
Y]DKPIRÅÀA PB] A V]LK@LVDO HDYA] IB CLVB]Y]AHLD PBJD DOEA
]B@BKYB (HL@DNAP 56 DKAP D@CDKIA TRB B]D IBXLIA NL@]A
]RVYR]DP B DLKID YBN NYA @D]D VDPPDKIA LPPA V]D H]BKYB B
BPYÄ B]]DIA).
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A sberbia, kd vbridib, ì nulta slnpobs. Bvaoud taia trblka. Pð
lssa! Xa`ê kàa prb`lsd ib tì`kl`ds dvdkådids, kbn nìtaias. Xa`ê sð
prb`lsd
V]AE]BPPLXB
AXB]OADI.
(Pamrb`dred
Vraerbsslvd)
B `ana ib
sb hdz
lssa1 Man, va`ê
tbn qub bvaoulr
a vaounb
au d
lktbkslidib*(@D]ED) bn taia trblka. Kbn qub sbjd sanbktb 4ge* par
trblka. Au 4 rbpbtlåàa. Xa`ê prb`lsd tlrdr a sbu nús`uoa id zakd ib
`akharta. Pð dssln va`ê vdl ebrdr ndlar tbksàa nus`uodr* b `aktlkudr
`rbs`bkia, pals bob bktbkib qub prb`lsd hl`dr ndlar b ndls hartb
pdrd qudkia har sumnbtlia da nbsna trdmdoca. Pb hassb sð
ranpbr hlmrd b sbktlr iar, b kàa ì*, sbrld sð `arrbr cards kd
bstblrd lk`olkdid.
Xa`ê ibtbrnlkau qub vdl trdmdocdr bn un rdkeb ib rbpbtlåòbs ib 3 d
4=. Ag. Ds sìrlbs sdîrdn hä`bls, dtì mdtbkia 4= rbpbtlåòbs bn taids1
Pamb a pbsa ka prðxlna trblka. Kàa prb`lsd sbr 46ges ib und vbz.
Rsb ds pbqubkds Dklocds*. Dlkid tä ilhî`lo1 Doeund sìrlb sdlkia 3
pblidkia1 Vrðxlna trblka haqub bn hdzbr ndls rbps, nbocardr d harnd
ia bxbr`î`la, `aktraodr ndls. Kàa tbn sberbia.
As plodrbs hukidnbktdls id clpbrtrahld sàa Xaounb b Lktbkslidib
(@D]ED). Yaids ds tì`kl`ds dvdkådids elrdn bn tarka ibssbs plodrbs
nds kàa sàa rberd. Lk`ouslvb ibvbn sbr usdids paktudonbktb ibvlia
autrds vdrlävbls. Pb va`ê bvaoul kas trblkas, sbu nús`uoa BPYÄ
@]BP@BKIA, nbsna qub kàa sumd gloas qudkia va`ê sb pbsd kd
mdodkåd. A Frdynlobt hbz und pastdebn samrb lssa.
@rls D`bta, Vdtrl`g Yuar, Ndtt Jdksbk, Jaridk Vbtbrs, Mrdi P`cabkhboi,
Mrbt @aktrbrds, bssbs `drds sàa doeuks ib värlas qub hdodn:‟sb va`ê bstä
bvaoulkia ka trblka, va`ê bstä `rbs`bkia, va`ê bstä nbocardkia„.Kàa
tbn sberbia. KÀA YBN PBE]BIA. Ì hdzbr d nbsnd `alsd, taia
sdkta ild, kas 466%, pbrlailzdia, par tbnpa suhl`lbktb pdrd
bvaoulr.Var
bvaoulr.
Var lssa d lnpartík`ld ib podkbjdr sbu trblka leudo un
bkebkcblra podkbjd sud amrd*, dkatdr `dreds, sìrlbs, nakltardr, hl`dr
nbsbs ka nbsna trblka bvaoulkia kbob.
Katd: tuia ndr`dia `an un * dstbrls`a sàa tbnds qub jä tbkca hdodia
mdstdktb
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Ybn ibtbrnlkdias tlpas ib `akcb`lnbkta qub va`ê kàa prb`lsd
kb`bssdrldnbktb hdzbr und pbsqulsd `lbktîhl`d samrb pdrd tbr d rbspastd.
Bxbnpoa ì d dtlvdåàa b amjbtlva ib un ibtbrnlkdia bxbr`î`la. Leudo a Hdlxd
Vrbtd hdod, va`ê sð prb`lsd ib `akcb`lnbkta mäsl`a ib dkdtanld.
Kbssb `dsa, dssln `ana prapòb F`crlsdmbdrisoby, va`ê sð prb`lsd ia
`akcb`lnbkta mäsl`a ids `drd`tbrîstl`ds ia tlpa ib hlmrd, hlmrds ia tlpa 4, ib
`aktrdåàa obktd.
Dpbsdr ib doeuks drtleas b bstuilasas praparbn qub ì passîvbo
sbenbktdr d clpbrtrahld pboa tlpa ib hlmrd, b lssa sbr doea par
bkqudkta lnpassîvbo ib `anpravdr pals ibndkidrld pra`bilnbktas
nulta lkvdslvas `ana mlðpsld, tarkdkia lkvlävbo sbu bstuia, pdrb`b
sbr nulta lnpravävbo qub lssa sbjd passîvbo pbksdkia kd bstruturd
ibssds hlmrds.
Pbkia bods bxtrbndnbktb axlidtlvds, bods kàa paibn bx`bibr un
ibtbrnlkdia tdndkca sbn sb tarkdrbn ilshuk`lakdls. Ì und oðel`d mäsl`d,
clpbrtrahld kàa ì sud hukåàa prlk`lpdo, bktàa bods tbn qub rbspakibr da
prlk`îpla mäsl`a ib sbrbn huk`lakdls dktbs ib qudoqubr `alsd.
Dpbsdr ib kàa cdvbr bstuias samrb lssa qub `anpravbn doea, ì und
ils`ussàa qub d`cbl väolid ib trdzbr, `an d aplklàa ib un pbsqulsdiar ib
dota rbspblta b rbobvík`ld, nukildonbktb `akcb`lia.
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Ì a Pbeulktb, tbn ials `drds ka \auYumb qub hdodn und erasbocd
ELEDKYBP@D: sb va`ê hlzbr a bxbr`î`la `an `diêk`ld `aktraodid, d tbksàa ka
nús`uoa dunbktd parqub a strbss dunbktd, bktàa tbn clpbrtrahld leudo.Bobs
leudo.B obs
hdodn lssa pdrd vbkibr a `ursa ak-olkb ib un b d `aksuotarld ib autra.
Vramobnd qub bobs bstàa brrdias.
Jä qub bobs lekardn und nbtd-dkäolsb P`cabkhboi bt Do. (=642) nastrdkia
qub as edkcas clpbrtrðhl`as sàa sbnbocdktbs bn 6,2s ä 3s ib `diêk`ld,
b tdnmìn lekardn qub strbss kàa ì taia leudo (strbss Nb`dkl`a b
nbtdmðol`a sàa ilhbrbktbs, pals dreunbktdn qub ibsib qub va`ê
`cbeub d hdocd bstä ag), b un ibobs dtì d`bltd qub d prlk`lpdo vld ib
clpbrtrahld ì d tbksàa nus`uodr nds bob hdod `an taids ds obtrds b lk`ouslvb nb
‟ibsdhlau„ prd bu deubktdr un trblka haha ibob parqub a nús`uoa lrld `dksdr
`an `diêk`ld `aktraodid bktàa oaea, ‟tbn tbksàa„ (`dksdr a autra ì ilhbrbktb
ib trblkdr a autra). Ibpals ib YRIA lssa, bu hul doìn. D Hîsl`d ì und `lêk`ld
lkqubstlakävbo kbssb uklvbrsa qub vlvbnas. Kàa lnpartd sb bstdnas
hdodkia ib un `drra, un dvlàa au un pbsa sbkia sbeurdia par un
nús`uoa. Ds obls id hîsl`d sàa leudls prd taia.Bu
taia. Bu ta hdodkia lssa parqub
`ana bxdtds kàa ì a hartb ia pbssado id Biu`dåàa Hîsl`d (bu lk`ousa) a `drd
pravdvbonbktb vdl dreunbktdr qub: ‟Dc nds `an a nús`uoa ì ilhbrbktb„. XBJD
MBN, KÀA Ì! A qub d`aktb`b dtì d nb`dka trdksiuåàa ì HÎPL@D, ibpals ilssa
ì mlaquînl`d nds a qub bstä sbkia ils`utlia ì sb a pbsa navlnbktdia
ibvdedr ebrd ndls tbksàa qub a navlnbktdia ndls räplia.
@an d djuid ia nbu qubrlia dnlea F`ad`chbolpbr
F`ad`chbolpbr,, bob pbilu pdrd a lrnàa
ibob qub ì Nbstrb B Iautar bn Hîsl`d, qub nard kd Drämld Pduiltd b dtud
`ana pbsqulsdiar kd Rklvbrslidib ib oä (`urlaslidib pdrd va`ês: bob tbvb
bktbkilnbkta id kassd iúvlid parqub bob tbn `aobeds qub hdzbn pbsqulsd
`an nus`uodåàa. Arlbktb nìila ì autra nukia pra bspartb nbsna) b bob
kas ndkiau un pih b duila V]AXDKIA TRB:D YBKPÀA NRP@ROD] KÀA
DRNBKYD VA] NAXLNBKYD] RN VBPA NDLP IBXDED], V]D YBKPÀA
NRP@ROD] DRNBKYD] XA@Ê V]B@LPD DRNBKYD] D @D]ED.
Ol`bk`ldia pdrd - Hrdk`ls`a Ycldea Haksb`d Olnd - 60<0264300< - Vratbelia par Biuzz.`an
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D `lêk`ld ia trblkdnbkta ì bxdtd. Yrblka ib haråd ì breubr `dred bxtbrkd
ib ndkblrd slstbnätl`d b aredklzdid. Nds cajb bn tbnpas ib lekarík`ld
`lbktîhl`d, kbn d ia trblkdnbkta bs`dpau id ibturpdåàa. Vbedrdn
Vbedrdn a
`ak`blta Lktbkslidib ]bodtlvd ib @dred, nbksurdia bn par`bktdebn
id rbpbtlåàa näxlnd, qub ì doea amjbtlva, nbksurävbo, b
trdksharndrdn bn und hbrrdnbktd lkútlo, sumjbtlvd, kàa nbksurävbo,
d Vbr`bpåàa Pumjbtlvd ib Bsharåa, qub tbn sud dpol`dmlolidib nds kàa
ibktra ia qub qubrbnas dqul. B kàa sau bu qub bstau hdodkia qub
bstä brrdia. Ì d `lêk`ld. Vbeub qudoqubr drtlea `lbktîhl`a b vbrä qub
lktbkslidib ì % id ]N. Kàa ì d qublndåàa ka nús`uoa au hdiled qub
va`ê sbktb.
Bssd ibturpdåàa kàa ì erdtultd. Ì podkbjdid. Vdrd as pìsslnas prahlsslakdls
qub bstàa sbnprb rb`odndkia qub kàa sàa vdoarlzdias b kàa edkcdn
ilkcblra, ì nulta pbkasa trdmdocdr `an `dreds b vaounb `an sbus `olbktbs.
Vals dî bob tbrä qub trdmdocdr ib hdta. Bkslkdr d bxb`uåàa `arrbtd, tbr dtbkåàa
kd card ia Vbrsakdo, podkbjdr und pbrlailzdåàa, kàa nbxbr ka `bouodr b kàa
hl`dr `akvbrsdkia samrb a "may" qub d `olbktb ibob bstä dhln leudo und
iakia`d.
Bktàa lktbk`lakdonbktb a prahbssar id d`dibnld ilz prd va`ê qub
lktbksa ì dqubob trblka ib ibs`dksa `urta, `an un naktb ib
‟tì`kl`d„, pau`d `dred b nultd hrbs`urd `ana lsanbtrld b `dibk`ld
obktd prd va`ê sbktlr qublndr mdstdktb sbu nús`uoa b dunbktdr sbu
MVN b d`cdr qub a trblka hal ndrdvlocasa b va`ê vdl tbr rbsuotdias, b
tuia lssa sð bn nbld card! Ðtlna, par qub va`ê qubr vaotdr oaea prd `dsd,
jä qub aibld trblkdr, bkqudkta bob vdl pbedr nbtdib id card qub va`ê pdeau
prd bob, prd edkcdr ilkcblra ib autrd pbssad.
Pbjd lktbolebktb. Kàa `dld kbssb pdpa, par qub sbu scdpb vdl `aktlkudr
und nbrid sb va`ê kuk`d hdzbr a qub d nus`uodåàa sb mdsbld, dhlkdo:
OBXDKYD] VBPA..B kd sud d`dibnld, as prahbssarbs tdnmìn sàa
ibssbs1 Pb sàa, nbocar nuidr ib eyn
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!
Ndkidrdn bssd iúvlid kas nbus Ptarlbs b ib `brtd ndkblrd, aocdkia
supbrhl`ldonbktb, ì und iúvlid väolid.
Pb bu mdta tdkta kd tb`od id tbksàa nus`uodr b nb`dka trdksiuåàa `ana
prlk`lpdo vld ib clpbrtrahld, par qub kàa ibs`bnas dlkid ndls b trdmdocdnas
sanbktb `an sìrlbs ib 4]n1 96, 26 sìrlbs ib 4]n par trblka pdrd bqudolzdr a
vaounb tatdo1
Man, d nbocar rbspastd ì par qub kàa sanas ramùs! Cdcd dpbsdr ib tbr
und `brtd oðel`d, a trblkdnbkta ì nulta ndls `anpobxa b nuotlhdtarldo ia
qub lssa, trblkdr dssln sbrld lksustbktävbo.
Lssa `dusdrld und bkarnb hdiled ka PK@ b `aoa`drld bn un olnldr ib rls`a ib
obsàa dotîsslna pbod `dred trdmdocdid. Ibvlia bssbs ials hdtarbs,
lkilrbtdnbktb d`drrbtdrld kund ilhl`uoidib ib trdmdocdr `an vaounb
dibqudia, b sb hassb tbktdia mus`dr bssb vaounb d vbridib qub kàa
trdmdocdrîdnas `an d `dred `arrbtd pdrd 4]n, bod `dlrld ibndls
D pbrlailzdåàa bktàa sbrld lnpassîvbo ib sbr hbltd. Au prb`lsdrld ib
rbebkbrdtlva d `did S ilds. Bkhln, kàa tbn `ana ndktbr bssb tlpa ib trblka
bn rbkilnbkta par nulta tbnpa. Var lssa trblkdnbkta ì d pdrtb ndls
`anpobxd ias plodrbs ia kassa bspartb.
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Rnd ids ndlarbs ibserdåds ì auvlr qudkia ibhbkibnas a trblka pbsdia
doeun diaobs`bktb hdodkia: ‟bktàa qubr ilzbr qub a kàa sbl a qub kàa
huk`lakd1 Xdl oä sb qubmrdr taia trblkdkia pbsdia sbn deubktdr d `dred„.
Kàa nbu qubrlia dska. Vbsdia ì pbsdia pdrd va`ê. Xdnas oä: d
lktbkslidib (@D]ED) ì nbilid pbod par`bktdebn id 4 rbpbtlåàa
näxlnd, sbkia bstd d`lnd ib 56% ibssb vdoar. Au sbjd, sb va`ê hdz 4
rbpbtlåàa `an 466ge ka ded`cdnbkta bn mad harnd, bxb`uåàa b sbn
djuid bxtbrkd, d pdrtlr ib 56ge ì dotd lktbkslidib. Bktàa, amvldnbktb,
lssa vdrld ib lkilvîiua pdrd lkilvîiua. Vbsdia pdrd nln kàa ì a nbsna qub
pbsdia pdrd va`ê b dssln par ildktb.
Dtì und vavazlkcd paib trblkdr ‟pbsdia„
‟pbsdia„,, b lk`ouslvb ibvb. Pb d 4]N ibod ì
46ge, bktàa bod trblkd `an 5ge. B lssa djuid d bvltdr astbaparasb, sdr`apbkld b
pbrids carnakdls id vbocl`b.
@ana a `äo`uoa b tbstb ib 4]n kàa ì tàa slnpobs ib hdzbr, d ndkblrd qub bu
easta
ib trdmdocdr ìharåd
`an au
hdlxd
ib rbpbtlåòbs.
Kàa bxlstb Yaid
hdlxd hdlxd
ib rbpbtlåàa
pdrd clpbrtrahld,
rbslstêk`ld
bn bspb`îhl`a.
ib
rbpbtlåòbs paib slkdolzdr clpbrtrahld. Bktrbtdkta d hdlxd aura sbrld ib
3 d 4= pals ì d hdlxd qub `aksbeub sbr trdmdocdid ‟ndls vbzbs„ sbn
pbribr rbkilnbkta par hdtarbs bxtbrkas b träs un man vaounb oadi
(rbps x sìrlbs x `dred). Bktàa pdrd <6% ids pbssads kds d`dibnlds, qub
sbjd dssln:- trdmdocdr `an und `dred qub va`ê kàa `aksled pdssdr ib
4= rbpbtlåòbs kds prlnblrds sìrlbs b kds úotlnds sdldn 3 qudsb
pblidkia.
Vrakta, lssa vdl idr ndls au nbkas ib 56% d 36% id sud 4]N sbn va`ê
prb`lsdr hdzbr a tbstb ib 4]n pdrd taia bxbr`î`la. Deard pdrd `an bssd
nbrid ib trblkdr pbsdia b sb qubmrdr taia tarta qub trblka pbsdia
kàa ì lssa, parrd.
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@ana jä ilssb pdrd va`ês, a trblka obvb b ndklpuodiar ib vdrlävbls kàa tbn
natlvas `lbktîhl`as, b sln `anbr`ldls. Ylrd id rbspaksdmlolidib ia prahlsslakdo
bkslkdr b nakltardr und bxb`uåàa b tì`kl`d 466% `arrbtd, un `akcb`lnbkta
ib pbrlailzdåàa (kbn sdmbn a q ì lssa) b pbrnltb hdzbr a `olbktb sb sbktlr
bxdusta b hdiledia bn 92nlk pdrd bob lr suedr ilkcblra ia prðxlna. B pdrd
vbkibr bssd nbktlrd, bobs `rldrdn bssd hdosd il`atanld: `dred S bxb`uåàa.
D lktbkslidib ì nbilid bn `lnd ia % ia 4]N, bn mad bxb`uåàa b sbn
djuid bxtbrkd. B dotd lktbkslidib ì pboa nbkas 56% ibssb 4]N. Pb bu
hdåa und rbp `an 466ge, ì 56ge pdrd nln. Pb d liasd hdz 4 rbp `an
46ge, ì 5ge pdrd bod. Ì YAYDONBKYB djustävbo da lkilvîiua. Kàa bxlstb
bssd rbodåàa ilrbtd bktrb trblkdr pbsdia b brrdia.
Deard, tbkcd bn nbktb qub und bxb`uåàa kàa ì ramðtl`d. Pb d pbssad bstä
hdzbkia doeun bxbr`î`la `an und `dred `an ndls id nbtdib ia pbsa
`arpardo ibod, au ds vbzbs nulta ndls qub a pbsa `arpardo ibod, kàa tbn
`ana bod hl`dr prbedid ka `càa, `anpobtdnbktb bstätl`d. Doeuìn hdzbr ras`d
ilrbtd `an 06ge `did odia, au bobvdåàa odtbrdo `an cdotbrbs ib =3ge, kàa vdl tbr d
nbsnd bstdmlolidib qub va`ê `aoa`dkia 46ge. Nds lssa kàa sleklhl`d qub bstä
brrdia. Yuia sb trdtd ib dnpoltuib b `aktraob.
D `diêk`ld tbn qub sbr ebrdid pbod `dred. Pamb ibvdedr par qub tä
pbsdia ibndls. Nds ì ibs`br1 Ibs`b räplia1 Kàa. Nds kavdnbktb, kbn
bn taia bxbr`î`la ì passîvbo `aktraodr d bx`êktrl`d leudo autras. Xbjd a \dtbs
trblkdkia. Hdzld und rbndid `urvdid bn mad harnd, nds kàa ibnardvd 9s
kd ibs`lid. Deard, und ras`d P`att, par taid d mlanb`íkl`d b bstdmlolidib ia
bxbr`î`la, bob `aktraodvd sln. Bob jä sdmld, erdåds da Nbktzbr, ibsib dqubod
ìpa`d as mbkbhî`las ibssb `aktraob kd kbedtlvd, qub sdmbnas cajb. Bktàa
un ibtbrnlkdia erdu ib `aktraob, qub as`lod `akharnb d harnd ia
bxbr`î`la, ì sln man. Kàa ì jaedr pbsa prd `lnd b iblxdr `dlr.
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Tubn d`anpdkcd nbu `aktbúia jä sdmb: a hukidnbktdo pdrd clpbrtrahld ì d
`dred, pdrd ebrdr tbksàa nus`uodr b bkedtlocdr a pra`bssa ib
nb`dkatrdksiuåàa b näxlnd slkdolzdåàa id vld nYar. Nds und `alsd qub
lklmb ds pbssads ib praerbilrbn `dred ì a nbia ib sb obslakdr, pals bods
hdzbn brrdia.
Vraerbilr `dred kàa ì `aoa`dr 46ge d ndls kd mdrrd ib und vbz.
D`rbiltbn, dqubods dklocds nbkarbs ib 4ge, =ge paibn sbr usdids.
Kàa sàa pralmlids. Bktàa vdnas ibs`rbvbr dqul, bn aribn ib prlarlidib, a
qub ibvb sbr hblta pdrd praerbilr `dred ib ndkblrd sbeurd leudo jä hdobl bn
autrd pastdebn.
4 - Pumd 4ge ib `did odia kd mdrrd. Pb har podqulkcd, `aoaqub Cdotbr ib 4ge
bn vbz ib puodr und podqulkcd. B sb har cdotbrbs qub sambn ib = bn =,
prlnblra `aoaqub und `dkboblrd ib 4ge kas pukcas. Hdåd bssd praerbssàa
erdiudo, sbn vbreakcd mdmd`d ib kàa sbr a nakstràa qub dunbktd un
naktb ib pbsa ib und vbz. Ibssd ndkblrd id prd hl`dr sbndkds b sbndkds
sumlkia pbsa sbn pbribr d mad harnd ia bxbr`î`la au bstdekdr.
= - Pb ibpals ilssa va`ê dlkid bstdekdr, `aoaqub und nbtd ib rbpbtlåòbs d
`unprlr bn mad harnd `an dqubob pbsa dktbs ib sumlr bob. Var bxbnpoa,
bstau hdzbkia lssa bn `uttlke deard, trdmdoca `an <6% ib ]N bn un rdkeb
ib 8 d 3 rbpbtlåòbs bn 0 sìrlbs b sð suma a pbsa sb bu `akslea hdzbr ds 0
sìrlbs `an 3 rbpbtlåòbs bn mad harnd...0 - Pb dpðs lssa nbsna dssln va`ê
bstdekdr, tbnas d bstrdtìeld ib 0 pdssas æ hrbktb b = prd träs.
Var bxbnpoa: Pbndkd 4 - 466gePbndkd = - 4=6gePbndkd 0 406gePbndkd 9 - 4=6gePbndkd 2 - 406gePbndkd 8 - 496gePbndkd 5 406geLssa ì sð un bxbnpoa, paib sbr hblta bn ndls sbndkds ib
lktbrvdoa dktbs ib sumlr a pbsa, ndls pdssas dträs, bt`, d libld ì
praerbilr un pau`a, vaotdr un pau`a, sb d`astundr `an dqubob rdkeb
ib `dreds b kburanus`uodr, bktàa praerbilr doìn, b dssln par ildktb.
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Nulta ia qub sb prapded au sb d`rbiltd samrb trblkdnbkta, sàa
`akcb`lnbktas ibhdsdias, ibsdtudolzdias, mad pdrtb d`brtdkia par und
rdzàa b d`cdkia qubr brd autrd (Nbktzbr d`rbiltdkia qub hdzbr `diêk`ld
`aktraodid huk`lakdvd par ranpbr ndls hlmrds b clpbrtrahldvd ndls par ebrdr
ndls tbksàa qudkia kd vbridib bob sð tdvd `anpbksdkia a mdlxa vaounb ib
trblka tatdo `an nulta tbnpa sam tbksàa, ebrdkia vaounb sbnbocdktb da
nìtaia wblibr b ka hln taia nukia tdvd ‟`rbs`bkia leudo„). @aksbeubn
bktbkibr1 Nulta ia qub ‟bxpbrts„ dhlrndn idr rbsuotdia, kd vbridib iä par
natlvas ilhbrbktbs ids rdzòbs qub bobs d`rbiltdn.
B und mad pdrtb ia qub sb d`rbiltd sbr huk`lakdo ka trblkdnbkta ib
maiymuloibr qub ì nulta ‟ilhbrbktb„ ia trblka `akvbk`lakdo ib haråd, par
rdzòbs `ana strbss nbtdmðol`a au dtlvdåàa ib hlmrd tlpa 4 au bt` ka hln @DL
YRIA KA NBPNA ORED]: vaounb ib trblka b rb`rutdnbkta ib hlmrds ia tlpa
=, ebrdkia tbksàa nus`uodr kbods. AP IALP VLOD]BP HRKIDNBKYDLP ID
CLVB]Y]AHLD.
Bktàa sbrä qub a trblka ib hlsl`uoturlstd ibvld sbr nulta ilhbrbktb ia trblka ib
pawbrolhtbr1 Bu dhlrna `an taids ds obtrds qub KÀA. B bstdnas vbkia lssa
kd prätl`d bn trblkdiarbs b dtobtds `ana a @dnp Jdksbk b a Jaridk Vbtbrs, au
sb aocdrnas pdrd as dkas <6, Obvrakb,
O bvrakb, @aobndk, kàa hdzldn nta
ilhbrbktb b dil`lakdvdn uks irap sbt ka näxlna ka hlkdo,
hlkdo, `an `brtbzd
sð parqub brd lktultlva prd bobs. Ka hln tuia sb mdsbld bn `aoa`dr a näxlna
ib `dred passîvbo b obvdktdr a näxlna ib vbzbs passîvbo ibktra ib und mad
bxb`uåàa.
Xaotdkia pdrd d `lêk`ld, tbn nultd pastdebn `an lkhaerähl`as ka
lkstd ia F`crlsDmbdrisoby hdodkia ids ‟rbpbtlåòbs qub `aktdn„ (sln,
bob ì und bkarnb rbhbrêk`ld prd nln), akib bn un trblkdnbkta `an
dotd lktbkslidib au mdlxd lktbkslidib dtì d hdocd näxlnd `ak`êktrl`d,
ds rbpbtlåòbs qub rbdonbktb sàa väolids pdrd d clpbrtrahld sàa ds
úotlnds 2, par vaotd ib.
ib. B vbnas nutdktbs `ana a Kl`g wdogbr hl`drbn
eratbs`as ib erdkib ha`dkia sð kbssds úotlnds 2 rbps, `an sìrlbs ib ka
näxlna 3 rbps, au vaotdkia ka pdssdia Iarldk.
Bktàa jä vbnas qub dqubob
dqubob pdpa ib 2 rbps pdrd haråd, 3 pdrd clpbrtrahld
b moämoämoä kàa ì väolia. B tbnas bxbnpoas ib värlas pawbrolhtbrs `an
scdpb nbocar qub nultas ib va`ês `ana a FhbrraQlrakQibvlo . Bktàa dhlkdo
qudo d ilhbrbkåd1 XAORNB IB Y]BLKA VA]]D. B maiymuloibr usd
vdrlbidib ib bxbr`î`las b íkeuoas pdrd odplidåàa b bstînuoa ilhbrbktb ib
clpbrtrahld sbenbktdid. Vawbrolhtbr trblkd nulta nbkas vaounb tatdo ia qub
maiymuloibr. ‟Just hu`glke lssa„.
Clpbrtrahld > `dred b trdmdoca. Vakta hlkdo.
Ol`bk`ldia pdrd - Hrdk`ls`a Ycldea Haksb`d Olnd - 60<0264300< - Vratbelia par Biuzz.`an
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@oustbr sbt ì und tì`kl`d ib vaounb (dunbktdr a trdmdoca tatdo), qub
rbsuotd bn ðtlnas edkcas ib haråd, b qub pdrd doeuks paib sbr
tdnmìn und ids pau`ds tì`kl`ds ib lktbkslhl`dåàa ib hdta (doìn ib
plrínlib).
Vdrd nln, d úkl`d ndkblrd ibssd tì`kl`d sbr ib lktbkslhl`dåàa b kàa
purdnbktb ib vaounb leudo un rbst-pdusb `akvbk`lakdo, b tdnmìn dpol`dåàa
ibssd tì`kl`d, ì `ana ibs`rbvbrbl dqul. Xbkca dpol`dkia kas nbus trblkas b ì
lk`rîvbo.
Xa`ê hdz ds sìrlbs karndls ia sbu bxbr`î`la, paib hdzbr d úotlnd sìrlb `ana
@oustbr au hdzbr und bxtrd. Bu tbkca hblta und bxtrd. Bktàa ibs`dksa nbus
0nlk bktrb ds sìrlbs b dpðs d úotlnd, ibs`dksa ndls 0nlk pdrd d @oustbr. Vdrd
ds `akvbk`lakdls bu trdmdoca `an und `dred qub kd úotlnd `akslea hdzbr 8 au
5 rbps ka näxlna.Vdrd d `oustbr, dunbkta d `dred b `aoa`a und qub kàa
`anpobtdrld und sìrlb `akvbk`lakdo.
Bktàa lkl`la a `oustbr, hdzbkia sìrlbs ib 9 d 2 rbpbtlåòbs `an ibs`dksas ib 46
d 42s bktrb bods, hdzbkia bn tarka ib 42 d =6 rbpbtlåòbs tatdls `an und
`dred qub bn und sìrlb dtì d hdocd bu kàa hdrld ndls ib 8 rbpbtlåòbs.Dqul
ndls und vbz vbnas d lnpartík`ld ib rbseudridr d hdiled ia PK@, sð a hdta
ib kàa lr dtì d hdocd `an pbqubkas ibs`dksas patbk`ldolzd bn 9x a trdmdoca
qub va`ê ì `dpdz ib hdzbr `an und `dred S.
B par qub prd nln bssd ì d nbocar ì úkl`d ndkblrd ib sb hdzbr a
`oustbr `ana tì`kl`d ib lktbkslidib1 Vals bn vbz ib slnpobsnbktb
praoakedr a kúnbra ib rbpbtlåòbs `an und `dred qub va`ê jä hdz und
sìrlb pdiràa ia sbu podka ib trblka, va`ê lrä trdmdocdr pdrd nulta
ndls rbpbtlåòbs `an und `dred qub va`ê karndonbktb KÀA
@ANVOBYD]LD und sìrlb pdiràa.
B dî, `urtlu d libld1
Jä tä kd card ib dpol`dr b par kd sud prðxlnd pbrlailzdåàa.
Ol`bk`ldia pdrd - Hrdk`ls`a Ycldea Haksb`d Olnd - 60<0264300< - Vratbelia par Biuzz.`an
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!
@akcb`lnbkta ì paibr. Nds usdr `akcb`lnbkta ib ndkblrd brrdid paib
sbr duta ibstrutlva. @an d nlkcds Olvbs `an a Fnrsdlzbk b ds pastdebks
ia Fou`dshluzdbib b a FndtcbusQpdedk, a `ak`blta ib trblka ib mdlxa
vaounb b dotîsslnd lktbkslidib qub jä tbvb sbu ouedr kd clstðrld `an a \dtbs b
vbn sbkia dpol`dia pboa @dnp Jdksbk `an su`bssa vbla æ takd.
Pð qub tbnas un pramobnd: bssd libld kàa sbrvb prd <<,<% ids pbssads
ndtrl`uodids bn d`dibnlds. Kàa prb`lsa hl`dr pastdkia drtlea `lbktîhl`a au
bs`rbvbkia tbxta samrb lssa, taia nukia qub d`anpdkcd prahlsslakdls id
ärbd au oê a nîklna samrb a trblka jä sdmb d YAKBODID ib bvliêk`lds
`lbktîhl`ds dpaktdkia kd vaounb-ibpbkiêk`ld ias rbsuotdias.AR
PBJD:Tudkta ndls, nbocar. Kàa d`cdnas un podtù dlkid kds pbsqulsds
akib d`lnd ib S sìrlbs sbndkdls, sb tarkd `aktrd praiu`bktb.Dlkid ndls
deard qub ds pbsqulsds ia Vdspdoca b Ebktlobzd samrb iasb-nîklnd bstàa
sbkia ibsnbktlids.Pb va`ê d`cd sud iasb libdo, b id supartb ib ilbtd b
saka, NA]B LP MBYYB].
Bktbkidn, d libld (b bu b a ]a`cd hlzbnas bssb divbrtlslke ka `anbåa id Olvb
qub `odrdnbktb hal lekardia par nultas) ia tlpa ib trblka `ltdia ì pdrd
pbssads qub jä bstàa bn un kîvbo doìn. Aocd, bu bktbkia va`ê d`cdr nbu
scdpb und mastd. Bu tdnmìn d`ca. Nds bu ka nîklna sau erdkib. Rn dkàa
ib 4,8=`n ib doturd `an 26`n ib mrdåa. Bktbkibn1 Ì par ndls ndssd akib
jä tbn mdstdktb.
]b`bml nultds pbreuktds samrb lssa bn starlbs, kàa vl klkeuìn qub jä
bstlvbssb dpta d mus`dr bssd olkcd ib trdmdoca sb mbkbhl`ldkia ndls ia
qub dpastdr ka `brta: dota vaounb. B kàa qubra ahbkibr klkeuìn.
@akstrulr ndssd obvd tbnpa. Kàa sleklhl`d qub `l`odka ì nbocar qub
huodka. (Pbn tra`dilocas).
tra`dilocas).
Bktàa tbkcdn pd`lêk`ld. Ybnas un `dnlkcàa ib natlvas prd trblkdr bn dota
vaounb. Kàa sb bnpaoeubn `an doea sð par qub ì kava. Pbkàa va`ês `dbn
ka nbsna brra ias louilias `an as nìtaias `cblas ib vdrlävbls.
Ol`bk`ldia pdrd - Hrdk`ls`a Ycldea Haksb`d Olnd - 60<0264300< - Vratbelia par Biuzz.`an
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1
D vbridib qub va`ê tbn qub sdmbr qub sbu trblka vdl sbr
man dktbs nbsna ib lr pdrd d d`dibnld. Leudo d un
bkebkcblra. Tudkia bob vdl prajbtdr und paktb bob kàa pbed b
slnpobsnbktb prajbtd d paktb ib qudoqubr jblta, bspbrd bod sbr
`akstruîid b ibpals ilssa, vê sb kd sartb as `drras b `dnlkcòbs
pdssdn par bod sbn bod `dlr.Bob
`dlr.Bob tbn ilrbtrlzbs bxdtds d sbeulr,
`an `äo`uoas bxdtas, b prajbtd d paktb ibktra ilssa, `an d
`anpobtd `brtbzd qub qudkia bod bstlvbr ib pì, bod kàa vdl
`dlr.
Ì bxdtdnbktb dssln qub ibvb huk`lakdr sbu trblka. D `lêk`ld ia
trblkdnbkta ì und `lêk`ld par lk`rîvbo qub pdrb`b dtì mdstdktb
bxdtd, jä qub trdtd ia `arpa cundka b nb`dklsnas qub kbn
sbnprb sàa bxdtas. Kðs jä sdmbnas nulta mbn a qub ì
nbocar pdrd clpbrtrahld. Dota vaounb, dotd lktbkslidib,
tbksàa nus`uodr `ana prlk`lpdo nb`dklsna ib clpbrtrahld,
samrb`dred praerbsslvd, ibs`dksas ndls oakeas, strbss
nbtdmðol`a pdrd `anpobnbktdr, idka nus`uodr ì und
`aksbquêk`ld b kàa `dusd, bt` bt` bt` tuia qub bu jä trdta
dqul ka nbu `aktbúia b bktrbea ib mdkibjd pdrd va`ês
nbus obltarbs.
Bktàa va`ê ibvb pbedr taids bssds ilrbtrlzbs b naktdr a nbocar
trblka ibktra id nbocar pbrlailzdåàa pdrd d näxlnd clpbrtrahld b
sbeulr bob ä rls`d, lkia trblkdr jä sdmbkia qub sb va`ê `unprlr tuia
qub va`ê jä ibtbrnlkau ka pdpbo, va`ê vaotdrä prd `dsd tbkia hblta
sbu nbocar trblka, kàa lnpartdkia sb vdl tbr iar nus`uodr tdrild S
au \.
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D `lêk`ld ia trblkdnbkta ì doea qub vbn sb rbkavdkia `akstdktbnbktb.
Kàa iä prd sb dpbedr d `ak`bltas ias dkas <6, 06 dkas dträs b d`cdr
qub tuia dquloa bstä `brta. Ybnas qub kas mdsbdr b hlotrdr ds `alsds
pasltlvds id prätl`d, nds tdnmìn doldr `akcb`lnbkta kava `an mdsb
`lbktîhl`d. Var lssa, bsqubådn taia dqubob pdpa rliî`uoa ib rdkeb ib
rbps pdrd rbslstêk`ld, haråd au clpbrtrahld. A qub ibtbrnlkd `did und
ibssds `dpd`lidibs ì d ndklpuodåàa ia vaounb ib trblka, dssln `ana
jä nastrbl bn un tbxta `anpdrdkia a trblka ib maiymuloibr b
pawbrolhtbr.
A qub sb tbn ndls rb`bktb samrb vaounb ib trblkdnbkta ì qub
kàa sàa taids ds rbpbtlåòbs ids sìrlbs qub `aktdn pdrd a
vaounb tatdo nds sln par vaotd ids úotlnds 2 rbpbtlåòbs dktbs id
hdocd, qudkia a rb`rutdnbkta ids uklidibs natards ì dota a
suhl`lbktb pdrd rb`rutdr ds ib dota olnldr b tdndkca.
Au sbjd, hlmrds ia tlpa 4 kàa tbn `dpd`lidib ib clpbrtrahldr, bods jä tbn
sbu näxlna tdndkca huk`lakdo, b qudkia va`ê hdz und sìrlb `an und
`dred pdrd 42 ]N, ds 46 prlnblrds rbpbtlåòbs sð sbrvbn pdrd va`ê
lnpar hdiled a suhl`lbktb pdrd `cbedr kds úotlnds 2 akib cdvbrä
a rb`rutdnbkta ids hlmrds ia tlpa = qub sàa ib hdta
clpbrtrahlävbls.
Bktàa qudo d ilhbrbkåd ib hdzbr und sìrlb pdrd 8 rbps `an nulta ndls
`dred1 Kbkcund. As hdtarbs qub ibvbn sbr obvdias bn `aktd
kbssb `äo`uoa pdrd prbs`rlåàa id % ib ]N b rdkeb ib rbps
sàa:lkilvîiua b `dpd`lidib ia nbsna pdrd trdmdoca ` dotds
`dreds. Btdpd id pbrlailzdåàa, sb cä kb`bsslidib ib rbseudria
drtl`uodr.Pb va`ê qubr lnpar ndlar edsta `doðrl`a, pdrd un `uttlke
tdovbz, b par lssa ndls rbps.Vbksdr bn hdiled ia sk`, rbps lk rbsbrvb,
hrbquêk`ld ia trblka b rb`upbrdåàa.
Nds b sb va`ê qubr `rbs`br da näxlna, trdmdocdr `an näxlna
ib bstînuoa ib clpbrtrahld pdrd a nbsna edsta `doðrl`a, hdz
sbktlia dunbktdr ds rbps bn vbz ib leudodr a vaounb
dunbktdkia as bxbr`î`las b sbts1 KÀA.Bktàa pq ds pbssads
trdmdocdn
bnlssa
muoglke
pdrd
3 b 4=nulta
rbps1kavd.Nds
Varqub bods
kàava`ê
sdmbn
ilssa. Varqub
ì und
`lêk`ld
deard
sdmb.
Ol`bk`ldia pdrd - Hrdk`ls`a Ycldea Haksb`d Olnd - 60<0264300< - Vratbelia par Biuzz.`an
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Pb trdtdkia ib <<% ias maiymuloibrs mrdsloblras, kàa trblkdn
`an kbkcun tlpa ib podkbjdnbkta, pbrlailzdåàa au bstrdtìeld
rd`lakdolzdid bn `lnd id `lêk`ld ia trblkdnbkta par träs.
Kd vbridib, trblkdn nulta ka lkstlkta. Nulta ka sbktlnbkta, sbktlr
pbedr, sbktlr qub ibu sbu näxlna. B nultds vbzbs lssa paib sln idr
`brta, qudkia tbn ebkìtl`d b nulta trdmdoca iura par träs, nds ds
vbzbs ds bstrbods kàa sb dolkcdn ibssd ndkblrd.
Pb trdtdkia ib nús`uoas erdkibs, trblkdr dtì tbr d sbksdåàa qub ibu
sbu näxlna paib nulta mbn huk`lakdr. Ì hä`lo hl`dr ‟`cdpdia„ bn un
trblka ib iarsdo au pbrkd, bxdusta, `an a PK@ hdiledia b dqubod
sbksdåàa ib trdmdoca hblta. Nds `an nús`uoas pbqubkas
Yrblkdkia Mî`bps, trî`bps b ibotalibs ì mbn ilhî`lo tbr bssd
sbksdåàa. B a qub obvd a `drd d hdzbr1 Bkhldr rbsts pdusbs, ml-sbts,
irap-sbts bn dmsaoutdnbktb taia bxbr`î`la, jä qublndkia taia
sbu rbkilnbkta ibsib a prlnblra bxbr`î`la b tbrnlkd sð tbkia
punp, strbss nbtdmðol`a b hdocd nus`uodr bxdebrdid, hdtarbs
qub sb kàa harbn usdias bstrdtbel`dnbktb paibn sln sbr
prbjuil`ldls pdrd clpbrtrahld.
Ds vbzbs lssa iä `brta, b ì idî qub vbn nltas lnmb`ls ib qub bssbs
nús`uoas prb`lsdn ib ndls rbpbtlåòbs au tbkcdn ndls hlmrd ia tlpa 4
(KÀA) au qudoqubr nbrid ia tlpa, qudkia kd vbridib sð ‟ibu„ `brta
parqub lssa tuia d`drrbtau bn un dunbkta ia vaounb ib trblka
b `docau ib huk`lakdr.
Nds kd ndlarld ids vbzbs kàa iä `brta. D ebkìtl`d dqul `aktd nulta, b
lssa hdz a `drd hl`dr dkas pdtlkdkia sbn `aksbeulr `arrlelr bssbs paktas.
B d saouåàa ì trblkdr id ndkblrd qub bu jä hdobl qub sb ibvb
trblkdr: podkbjdid, prdenätl`d, bstuidid, ibsbkcdid ì
`unprlid. Xa`ê kàa vdl prd d`dibnld prd sbktlr qub ibu sbu
Ndxlna, va`ê vdl prd d`dibnld sdmbkia qub kdqubob trblka qub
va`ê podkbjau va`ê lrä idr sbu näxlna lkibpbkibktb ia qub sbu
`ìrbmra pdrdkal`a ib ndranmblra slktd.
Bktàa bsqub`b ib bk`cbr sbu trblka ib mrdåas b anmras ib
tì`kl`ds, au rbpbtlåòbs dotds, au hl`dr lkia dtì d hdocd taid card.
Yrblkb lktbolebktb, trblkb pbsdia, b sbus mrdåas lràa `rbs`br.
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Vdkturrlocds
Vdkturrloc
ds ib hdta sàa a pbsdiboa ias Maiymuloibrs.
Nulta sb hdod ib `ana trblkdr bods, sud dotd prbianlkík`ld ib
hlmrds ia tlpa 4 d`dmd d`drrbtdkia bn doeunds mbstblrds qub
tdnmìn hdodn samrb dmianb.
D qubstàa ì nulta slnpobs b sbnprb `dl bn `lnd id nbsnd `alsd:
vaounb ib trblka.Dunbktd a vaounb, vdl dunbktdr as
rbsuotdias. Plnpobs `ana =+=. B bssb nbsna nbsna vaounb
ib trblka qub `akhukib ds pbssads.
Bktàa va`ê qub trblkdvd pdkturrlocd kdqubod nä vaktdib `anbåau
d hdzbr prb bxdustàa kbods b jaedr dotds rbps lkia dtì d hdocd,
parqub d`cd qub prb`lsd clpbrtrahldr hlmrds ia tlpa 4. Bsqub`b bssb
pdpa. Xa`ê sð `anbåau d tbr edkcas hdzbkia lssa slnpobsnbktb
parqub va`ê dunbktau a vaounb ib trblka dtrdvìs ids
rbpbtlåòbs b dtlkelu ds hlmrds ia tlpa = pbod hdiled.
B `dsa va`ê trblkdvd pdkturrlocd pbsdia, va`ê hdzld pau`a vaounb,
parqub hdzld 0 au 9 sìrlbs ib 8 d 3 rbpbtlåòbs. B `ana rbsaovb lssa1
Dunbktd a kúnbra ib sìrlbs. Hdz 8, 3 sìrlbs pdrd bxbr`î`la
`an ds pbrkds bstbkilids b 8 d 3 sìrlbs pdrd pdkturrlocd
murrlkca, ild sln ild kàa, `dred näxlnd pdrd 8 d 3 rbps.
Pbjd lktbolebktb. Tubra vbr kàa `rbs`br. Ì `odra, bxb`uåàa
`arrbtd, näxlnd dnpoltuib b doakednbkta oä bnmdlxa, pl`a ib
`aktrdåàa oä bn `lnd, a ‟rdkeb ah Natlak„ id pdkturrlocd ì `urta
bktàa bod tbkib d hl`dr pau`a tbnpa sam tbksàa, par lssa tbn qub
`anpbksdr lssa `an kúnbra ib sìrlbs b/au bxbr`î`las.
A iaka ib un ias nbocarbs pdr ib pdkturrlocds,
pdkturrlocds, hobx Obwls,
prbed bxdtdnbktb lssa qub pdssa prd va`ês sb trdtdkia ids
pdkturrlocds ibob. Vdrd ib bsnurrdr hd`d. Kas auåd.
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!
Ib taids ds nailkcds qub surebn ia ibsounmrb par ‟nìtaias„ a
EXY
`an `brtbzd ì und ids plarbs.Ka qub `akslstb1 46 sìrlbs
ib 46 bn un nbsna bxbr`î`la `anpasta, `an 06 sbeukias
ib ibs`dksa bktrb bods, qub arlbktd dmdlxdr d `dred qudkia
va`ê kàa `aksled `anpobtdr d prðxlnd sìrlb..
Vutd qub pdrlu, bu rbdonbktb prb`lsa olstdr dqul tuia ib olxa qub
tbn kbssd libld1Rn trblka qub va`ê sð hdz un bxbr`î`la, ds
prlnblrds sìrlbs va`ê hdz bn sumnäxlnd parqub vdl `aoa`dr
un pbsa pbksdkia bn tbrnlkdr ds 46, b qub dlkid ì `dpdz
ib va`ê ilnlkulr ndls dlkid a pbsa prd `anpobtdr tuia.Au
sbjd, un trblka qub sb prapòb d sbr vaounasa b nbtdib ids
sìrlbs kàa `aktdn pq kàa sàa hbltds prðxlnds d hdiled
Nb`íkl`d.
Rn trblka qub rb`anbkid ibs`dksdr 06 sbeukias, sd`rlhl`d
lktbkslidib,, sb bxd`brmd bn strbss nbtdmðol`a b bxpoaib
lktbkslidib
sud hdiled ia sk`. Rn trblka qub va`ê dtlkeb a nús`uoa par
sanbktb un íkeuoa, un bxbr`î`la.DHLKDO, prd qub sbrvb
bssd nbrid sb YRIA kbob bstä brrdia1 X`s tàa ib
sd`dkdebn qub jä hlzbrdn lssa doeund vbz kd vlid. Brd sð
rd`la`lkdr par 46 sbeukias prd vbr qub kàa vdob.
Pb
d libld
har hdzbr
46 sìrlbs
parqub
`drdocas
kàa hdzbr
0 bxbr`î`las
`an
0 sìrlbs,
4 nlkuta
b nbla
d 0 nlk
ib ibs`dksa
bktrb
bods,
`dred näxlnd, näxlnd slkdolzdåàa ib clpbrtrahld b edkca ib haråd1
Vq nbu ibus parqub hdzbr EXY1 Pð parqub tbn dobnàa ka
kanb1 Vrbhlra `anbr sdosl`cd b mbmbr `brvbjd.
Bssb tbxta dtì hl`au `urta pq a nìtaia ì tàa bstuplia qub
kbn tbn nulta ndls a qub hdodr. @ana ilz nbu
dnlea Frdynlobt: Deard vä b kàa pbqubs ndls.
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Rnd vdrlävbo `anpobtdnbktb lekardid par Maiymuloibrs ì d
hdiled ia sk`. Dpbsdr ib sbr und pdrtb id `lêk`ld ia trblkdnbkta
kavd, `an ibs`ambrtds d dlkid sbrbn hbltds, jä tbnas
bnmdsdnbkta tbðrl`a b prätl`a suhl`lbktb pdrd cdvbr un
bktbkilnbkta ibssd vdrlävbo b `aktraodr bod kas trblkas.
D hdiled ia sk` paib sbr `dusd par ilvbrsas hdtarbs, bn ilhbrbktbs
erdus, akib olstdrbl id aribn ia ndlar pdrd a nbkar:- bx`bssa ib
strbss nbtdmðol`a - dotds rbpbtlåòbs kd nbsnd sìrlb - Dotîsslnds
`dreds- @cbedr dtì d hdocd näxlnd nb`íkl`d .
Ybkia lssa bn nbktb, dpbsdr ib `cbedr dtì d hdocd näxlnd
sbjd a ‟ndls obvb„ ias 9, pbod hrbquêk`ld qub lssa paib a`arrbr
ka trblka, nbsna bn un trblka sbn bxdebra ib strbss
nbtdmðol`a, ì doea qub ibvb sb tbr dtbkåàa. Kàa bstau ilzbkia
qub hlsl`uoturlstds qub `cbedn sbnprb dtì d hdocd tbràa pìsslnas
rbsuotdias, dtì par qub `odrdnbktb vbnas a `akträrla ilssa. Pð
bstau ilzbkia qub, `ana d `lêk`ld ia trblkdnbkta jä pravau bn
rbodåàa da rb`rutdnbkta ib hlmrds qub qudkia sb trdmdocd `an
`dreds dotds kàa prb`lsd kb`bssdrldnbktb `cbedr dtì d hdocd
pdrd näxlna rb`rutdnbkta, b sln hl`dr 4 au = rbpbtlåòbs
dktbs id hdocd sbkia d nbsnd `alsd, sb bobs `aktraodssbn
nbocar
nbocar.bssd vdrlävbo, paibrldn tbr und bvaouåàa dlkid
Deard, par qub1 Man, d hdiled ia sk` dtrdpdocd ilvbrsds `alsds. Bn
bspb`ldo, d rb`upbrdåàa b d `dpd`lidib `akträtlo, sbkia ibobtìrld bktàa
pdrd d lktbkslidib ia trblka b d praerbssàa ib `dreds. Pb d ebktb
sbnprb mus`d trdmdocdr bn 466% b kbn <<% sdtlshdz, bktàa sb
prba`updr `an bssb pbqubka ibtdocb sb tarkd doea hukidnbktdo
hukidnbktdo pdrd
bvaoulr nbsna qudkia jä sb tbn un hîsl`a ib dota kîvbo. Bktàa tbkcd
lssa bn nbktb pdrd bs`aocbr d card b qudktlidib ib sb usdr `did
un ias 9 paktas `ltdias, didptdkia a vaounb b d hrbquêk`ld ib
trblka sbndkdo.
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A trblkdnbkta hîsl`a mbn hblta ì d mdsb pdrd sb `akstrulr un hîsl`a:
maklta, ibksa b huk`lakdo.
Bstb ndtbrldo hal aredklzdia d tb idr un nbocar bktbkilnbkta
samrb trblkdnbkta ha`dia d bstìtl`d b maiymuloilke, a olvra hal
harnuodia
un ndkudo mäsl`a pdrd va`ê `anbådr sbus
bstuias b lr`ana
sb dprahukidkia.
Ilbtd b ibs`dksa tbn lnpartík`ld hukidnbktdo pdrd sud bvaouåàa,
nds kàa bxlstb scdpb sbn trdmdoca.
Bstb ndtbrldo ì a prlnblra ib nultas qub vàa nuidr sud
`anpobtdnbktb sud vlsàa samrb trblkdnbkta, ì sbu euld ib maosa
pdrd sdlr id hahurd.
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