38EssayOut l i nes ( 1) Rel i gi on:ASol ut i onorI t sel fAnI ssue 1. I nt r oduct i on: 2. Anover vi ewofmaj orr el i gi onsandt hei ri nj unct i ons: 3. Somei ssuesappar ent l ycr eat edbyr el i gi on: - I nt er r el i gi oushat r ed. - Sect ar i ani sm. - Fanat i ci sm andI nt ol er ance. - Tr adi t i onal i sm andConser vat i sm. - GenderDi scr i mi nat i on. - Fat al i sm. 4. Dor el i gi onr eal l ycauseapr obl emsori si tmer el yanal l egat i on? 5. Causesofmi sunder st andi ngaboutr el i gi on: - Negat i ver ol eofr el i gi ousl eader sandsocal l edi cons. - I nef f ect i vecont r i but i onbyt hemedi a. - I nsuf f i ci entf ocusonr el i gi ouseducat i oni nmoder neducat i onali nst i t ut i ons. - Pur sui tofpol i t i calmot i vesi nt hegui seofr el i gi on. - Lackofci vi l i zat i on. 6. Act ualcausesoft hepr obl emsf acedbywor l d: - Pol i t i calpowergames. - Economi cmot i vesoft henat i ons. - Lackofci vi l i zat i oni nhumanbei ngs. - Mi ssi ngel ementofchar act erbui l di ngi neducat i onali nst i t ut es. - Poorcont r oloverandmoni t or i ngofsci ent i f i cadvancement . - Del et er i ousi mpact sofel ect r oni candsoci al medi a. 7. Dor el i gi onpr ovi deasol ut i ont ot hei ssuest hepr esentwor l di sconf r ont edwi t h? Yesal lr el i gi ons: - Pr opagat eHumani sm andpr ovi demechani sm f ort hecr eat i onofat er r orf r eewor l d. - I ncul cat emor alval uesandpr ovi desol ut i onst ot hei ssuesofmor aldegr adat i on. - Encour agegener osi t yandbenevol encet or esol vepover t yandpr i vat i oni ssues. Spr eadpat i enceandr est r ai nandt husdevel opasoci et yf r eeofat r oci t i esand i nj ust i ces. I ncul cat esenseofaccount abi l i t yandr esponsi bi l i t yi nsoci et yandaddr esst hei ssueof f l out i ngofl aws, r ul esandpr i nci pl es. Teachsel f r est r ai ntandsel fcont r ol andr esol veal li ssuescr eat edbyr apaci t yand avar i ce. 8. Recommendat i onsf ort hedi ssemi nat i onoft r uemassageoft her el i gi on: - Posi t i ver ol eofr el i gi ousi cons. - Gover nment ’ spat r oni zi ngt hedi ssemi nat i onofr el i gi oni ni t spur ef or m. - I nt r oduct i onofr el i gi onasi nt egr al par tofcur r i cul a. - Posi t i ver ol eofmedi a. - Focusonsi mi l ar i t i esi ndi f f er entr el i gi ons. 9. Recommendat i onsf ort hesol ut i onsofwor l di ssues: - Ef f ect i ver ol eofUNO. - Endofpowergame. - Ef f ect i ver ol eofmedi ai nsensi t i zat i onofbr ai ns. Devi si ngmodusoper andi f orcount er i ngt hedet r i ment alef f ect sofsci ent i f i c advancement . - Di ver t i ngener gi est owar dst heachi evementofSDGs. - Compassi onat e, consi der at eandsol i ci t ousat t i t udeoft hesuper power s. 10. Concl usi on: ( 2) Backwar dnessofWomenLeadst oBackwar dnessofTheNat i on. 1. I nt r oduct i on: 2. Di f f er entf act sofwomenbackwar dness: • I l l i t er acy. • Economi cdepr i vat i on. • Mal nut r i t i on. • Li mi t edr ol ei ndeci si onmaki ng. • SexualHar assment . • Domest i cVi ol ence. • Ear l yorChi l dhoodmar r i ages. • Excessi vepr egnanci es. 3. Doesbackwar dnessofwomenl eadst obackwar dnessoft henat i on: Yesi t ’ st r ue!I t ’ sbackwar dnessofwoment hat : • r esul t si nmor al l yweaksoci et ywhi chi sf ul l of : - Cr i mes. - Cor r upt i onandf avor i t i sm. - I nept nessandi ncompet ence. - Dr ugaddi ct i on. • Wr eakhavocwi t ht heeconomyoft hecount r ybyaf f ect i ng: - Decr easei nGDP. - Decr easei nExpor t s. - Decr easei nt het axr evenueoft hest at e. - Ri sei nI nf l at i on. - I ncr easei npover t y. • Adver sel yaf f ect st heheal t hoft henat i onbecauseof : - Poorknowl edgeofhygi eneandcl eanl i ness. - Poorknowl edgeofNut r i t i on. - I gnor anceofwayst ost ayheal t hy. • Gener at est hei ssueofover popul at i on: • Cr eat esdet er i or at esi mpactont hei mageoft hecount r y. 4. Causesofwomenbackwar dness: • Rel i gi ousCauses: - Negat i ver ol eofsocal l edr el i gi ousl eader s. - Mi si nt er pr et at i onofr el i gi ousi nj unct i ons. - Lessconsi der at i onofI j t i hadi nMusl i m st at es. • Pol i t i cal Causes: - Lackofpol i t i calwi l l . - Poorofi nsuf f i ci entl egi sl at i on. - Lackofr epr esent at i oni ndeci si onmaki ng. • Soci alCauses: - I l l i t er acyofmen. - Taboos, cust omsandt r adi t i ons. - Secur i t yi ssues. - Hi ghr at eofchi l dbi r t h. • Economi cCauses: - Pover t yatdomest i cl evel - Budget ar yconst r ai ntatnat i onal l evel . - Lackofeconomi coppor t uni t i es. 5. Di f f er entst epsbei ngt akenatnat i onal andi nt er nat i onall evelf orwomenempower ment : • Mi l l enni um Devel opmentGoal sMDGs: • Sust ai nabl eDevel opmentGoal s: • Di f f er entl awsandPol i ci es: • Awar enessCampai gns: • Rol eofNGOs: 6. Recommendat i onsf ort heAmel i or at i onofwomencondi t i ons: • Pr opagat i onofTr ueMassageofI sl am Thr oughModer at eRel i gi ousLeader s: • Enact mentandSt r i ctI mpl ement at i onofLawsf or : - Endofdomest i cvi ol ence. - Pr ovi desecur i t yatwor kpl ace. - Cont r olear l ychi l dhoodmar r i ages. • Fi xat i onandenhancementofQuot asi n: - El ect edbodi esatnat i onal aswel laspr ovi nci all egi sl at ur e. - Educat i onalI nst i t ut i ons. - Jobsi nPubl i caswel laspr i vat esect or . • Counsel i ngoft heMal eMember soft heSoci et y: • Awar enessCampai gns: • Al l ocat i onofMor eBudgetf or : - Womeneducat i on. - Popul at i oncont r olpr ogr ams. - Sof tl oans. - Women’ sheal t handnut r i t i on. 7. Someot herr ecommendat i onsf ort hedevel opmentofanat i on: • FocusonEducat i on: • Al l ocat i onofMor eBudgetf orResear chandDevel opment : • Er adi cat i onofCor r upt i on: • Sust enanceofDemocr acyandPol i t i cal St abi l i t y: • Rul eofLaw: • Pr omot i onofAccount abi l i t ycul t ur e: • Devol ut i onofPowerandAut hor i t y: 8. Concl usi on: ( 3) I ndust r i alSect orofPaki st an.( Si t uat i on, I ssuesandSol ut i ons) 1. I nt r oduct i on: 2. I ndust r i alSect orandI t sComponent s: 3. I mpor t anceofI ndust r i al Sect orf oraCount r y: 4. Di f f er entPhasesofI ndust r i al Devel opmenti nPaki st an: • 1950s:TheEr aofRapi dI ndust r i al Gr owt h: • 1960s:TheEr aofI ndust r i al St abi l i zat i on: • 1970s:Nat i onal i zat i onandi t sI mpact s: • 1980s:Russi anAf ghanwarandPr oI ndust r i al pol i ci esofZi a: • 1990s:TheDecadeofPr i vat i zat i on: • Post9/ 11:Commer ci al i zat i onunderMushar af : 5. Pr esentSi t uat i onofI ndust r i al Sect orofPaki st an: • Si t uat i onofManuf act ur i ngsect or : - Lar geScal emanuf act ur i ngsect or . - Smal lScal emanuf act ur i ngsect or . • Si t uat i onofConst r uct i onSect or : • Si t uat i onofMi ni ngSect or : • Si t uat i onofEl ect r i ci t yGener at i onandDi st r i but i onSect or : 6. I ssueConf r ont i ngt heI ndust r i al Sect orofPaki st an: • Economi cI ssues: - Ener gycr i si s. - Hugebankspr ead. - Deval uat i onofcur r ency. - Under ut i l i zat i onofnat i onal r esour ces. - Lackofi nf r ast r uct ur e. • Soci alI ssues: - Mar gi nal i zedr ol eofwomen. - Over popul at i on. - Mal nut r i t i onanddi seases. - Cor r upt i on. - Sl acknessandLet har gy. • Pol i t i cal I ssues: - Ter r or i sm. - Fl awedPol i ci es. - I nt er nat i onali sol at i on. - Pol i t i cal i nst abi l i t y. • Admi ni st r at i veI ssues: - Poorper f or manceofst at eownedent er pr i ses. - Labyr i nt hi nepr ocedur esandpr ocessesi ngover nmentof f i ces. - Poorl awandor dersi t uat i on. - Weakcr i mi nalj ust i cesyst em. - Lackoff ocusonR&D. 7. SomeWor kabl eSol ut i onst ot heI ndust r i al Sect orI ssues: • Pr ovi si onofUni nt er r upt edandCheapSuppl yofEner gyt ot heI ndust r i alSect oron Pr ef er ent i alBasi s: • Pr ovi si onofCheapandEasyCr edi tFaci l i t y: • Maxi mum Ext r act i onandUt i l i zat i onofI ndi genousMi ner alResour ces: • Ef f ect i veandBenef i ci al useofWomenWor kpl ace: • Pr ovi si onofNecessar yHeal t hcar eFaci l i t i esf ort heLabor : • Er adi cat i onoft heScour geofTer r or i sm: • Resear chbasedandWor kabl eI ndust r i al Pol i ci es: • Sust enanceofDemocr acyandPol i t i cal St abi l i t y: • Pr omot i onofPubl i cPr i vat ePar t ner shi p: • I mpr ovedLawandOr derSi t uat i onandPr ot ect i onofPr oper t yRi ght s: • Reser vat i onofSubst ant i al Budgetf orResear chandDevel opment : 8. Concl usi on: ( 4) PakChi naRel at i ons 1. I nt r oduct i on: 2. SomeFact saboutChi naandPaki st an: 3. Hi st or i calevi denceofPakChi naFr i endshi p: - Bor derset t l ementbet weenPaki st anandChi na. - Rol eofChi nai nPaki st anI ndi awar . - Chi nesesuppor tf orPaki st anatUNSC. - Chi naandNucl earPr ogr am ofPaki st an. - Rol eofChi nai nt heDef enseneedsofPaki st an. - Paki st an’ ssuppor tt oChi naatt het i mesofi sol at i on. - Paki st an’ sr ol ei nbr i dgi ngt hegapbet weenChi naandUS. 4. Pr esentCont our sofPakChi naRel at i ons: • Economi cAspect : - Chi nesei nvest menti nt hef or m ofCPEC. - Fl our i shi ngt r adebet weent wocount r i es. - FDIshar ef r om Chi na. - Cheapexpor t sandI mpor t sf orChi na. • Soci alAspect : - I nf r ast r uct ur edevel opmenti nPaki st an. - Ongoi ngandf ut ur eener gypr oj ect si nPaki st an. - Ef f or t sf ort heer adi cat i onoft er r or i sm. - Upgr adedl i vi ngst andar dsi nPaki st an. - Di sast ermanagementi nPaki st an. • Pol i t i cal Aspect : - St r i ngsofPear l spol i cy. - I ndi aasamut ualenemy. - St abi l i t yofAf ghani st an. - USi ncl i nat i ont owar dI ndi a. - Paki st an’ sSCOmember shi p. - St r at egi ci mpor t anceofGwadarf orChi na. 5. Chal l engest ot heFr i endshi p: - Uyghursepar at i st ’ smovement . - Tar get edki l l i ngsofChi nesewor ker si nPaki st an. - Paki st an’ sengagementwi t ht heUS. - Changi ngnat ur eofChi naI ndi ar el at i onshi p. - Fai l ur eofCPECpr oj ect . - I ncr easi nggapsbet weeneconomi esofbot hcount r i es. - Lackofhar monyi npol i t i cal par t i esofPaki st an. 6. Recommendat i onsf orf ut ur eSt r engt heni ngofBonds: • Paki st an’ sRol e: - NoSuppor tf ort er r or i sm i nXi nj i ang. - Pr ovi si onoff ool pr oofsecur i t yt oChi nesewor ker s. - Pol i t i cal consensusovernat i onal agenda. - Ear l yi mpl ement at i onofCPECPr oj ect s. - NoOver t ur est oUSatt hecostofChi na. - St r uggl ef ori mpr ovementofnat i onal i mage. - Joi ntef f or t sf orst abi l i t yi nAf ghani st an. • Chi na’ sRol e: - Suppor tf orKashmi rCause. - Mor eassi st ancei nener gypr oj ect s. - Enhancedt r adet i es. - Assi st ancei nt hef i el dofEducat i onandr esear chanddevel opment . - Paki st an’ sent r yi nt oSCO. 7. Concl usi on: ( 5) Democr acyi snomor eVul ner abl ei nPaki st an 1. I nt r oduct i on: 2. AnOver vi ewofPaki st an’ sPol i t i cal Hi st or y: - Thegameofmusi calchai ri nf i r stni neyear s. - Mar t i alLawofGener al AyubKhan. - Revi valofdemocr acyaf t ert hesecessi onofEastPaki st an. - Themur derofdemocr acyandZi ar egi me. - Er aof90s–t hemi r acl eofAr t i cl e58( 2b) . - Pl aneHi j acki ngcaseandmar t i al l awofMushar af . - Cont r ol l eddemocr acydur i ngMushar afr egi me. - Char t erofdemocr acyandr evi val ofdemocr acyi nPaki st an. 3. Fact or sbehi ndt heder ai l mentofDemocr acyi nPast : - Absenceofpat r i ot i c, nat i onal i st , compet entandbet t erst yl edl eader shi p. Over dependenceonAr myundert hei nf l uenceofant agoni st i canduncongeni al r el at i onswi t hnei ghbor i ngcount r i es. - Anemi c, i mpot entandspi nel esspol i t i cal i nst i t ut i ons. - Fr ai l , f eebl e 4. I sDemocr acyst i l lVul ner abl ei nPaki st an? Not heSi t uat i oni schangedasnowwehave: - Sover ei gn, wat chf ulandwel lf oundedmedi ai nst i t ut i on. - Avi gi l antandpr oact i veci vi lsoci et yext r emel yal i vet ot hei mpor t anceofdemocr acy. - Aj udi ci ar yt hatappear st obecont r i t eandr emor sef ulf ori t spastchar act er . Pol i t i cal l eader shi pwhi chl ooksconsci ent i ousenought opr ot ectdemocr acyevenat t hecostofper sonalgai ns. Mi l i t ar yl eader shi pt hatappear st ohavemor ei ncl i nat i ont owar dsf ul f i l l i ngi t s pr of essi onalr esponsi bi l i t i es. - Ar ecentexper i enceofbi t t err eper cussi onofdi ct at or shi pi nMushar afr egi me. 5. I ndi spensabi l i t yoft heSust enanceofDemocr acyt ot heDevel opmentofPaki st an: Democr acyi si mpor t antbecausei t : Best owsupont hepeopl epol i t i cal mat ur i t yandwi sdom andenabl est hem t ochoose t hebestl otf ormanagi ngt hei raf f ai r s. Ensur esconsensusbaseddeci si onmaki ngandhel psi nt hef or mul at i onofcoher ent andpr act i cabl epol i ci es. Pr omot est hecul t ur eofaccount abi l i t yandwi peoutt hemal ai sesofcor r upt i on, i nef f i ci encyandnepot i sm. - Conf er st hesenseofpar t i ci pat i oni nt hevar i oussect i onsofsoci et yandt huspr omot es nat i onali nt egr at i on. - Conf er st hesenseoff r eedom uponci t i zensandwi nst hei rl oyal t yt ot hest at e. - Fost er st hecul t ur eofequal i t ybef or el awandi nvest i gat or spubl i cf ai t hi ni nst i t ut i ons. Br i ngspol i t i calst abi l i t yandpr ovi desanenvi r onmentconduci vet odevel opmentand gr owt h. 6. Recommendat i onsf ort heFut ur eSt r engt heni ngofDemocr acyi nPaki st an: - I nt r oduct i onofmeani ngf ul el ect or al r ef or ms. - St r engt heni ngl ocalgover nmenti nst i t ut i ons. - I mpr ovet heper f or manceofdemocr at i cgover nment . - Br i ngi ngi npur posef ulr egul at i onofmedi at omakei tmor er esponsi bl eandsensi bl e. - Enhanci ngcont r i but or yr ol eofeducat i onal i nst i t ut es. - Ensur i ngi ndependenceofj udi ci ar y. - Ref or mt heci vi lser vi cet oi mpr ovet heper f or manceofbeaur ucr acy. 7. Concl usi on: ( 6) Cr i si sofGoodGover nancei nPaki st an( Needf orRef or m andI nst i t ut i onBui l di ng) 1. I nt r oduct i on: 2. GoodGover nanceandI t sI ndi cat or s: 3. I mpor t anceofGoodGover nancef oracount r y: - I mpor t ancef ort heEconomi csect or . - I mpor t ancef ort hePol i t i cal sect or . - I mpor t ancef ort heSoci al Sect or . 4. I sPaki st anConf r ont i ngacr i si sofGoodGover nance? . Yes!Thef ol l owi ngf act sar epr oof : - Gener alpubl i c’ sshat t er edt r usti nGover nment . - Absenceofaccount abi l i t ycul t ur eatal ll evel s. - Lackoft r anspar encyi nf unct i oni ngofpubl i cor gani zat i ons. - Pr eval enceofPr ocr ast i nat i onandr edt apei ndayt odaygover nmentf unct i oni ng. - I nadequat epar t i ci pat i onofgener al publ i ci ndeci si onmaki ng. - Per si st entexi st enceofevi lofcor r upt i on. - Absenceofr ul eofl aw. - Hi ghl yunbal anceddevel opmentandgr owt h. - I nst i t ut i onaldecay. - I nadequat edel i ver yofsoci al ser vi ces. 5. Maj orCausesoft heDepl or abl eSi t uat i onofGover nancei nPaki st an: - Fr equentder ai l mentofdemocr acy. - I mpot entandpunyj udi ci ar y. - Absenceoff r eeandmat ur emedi a. - Shor t si ght edandsel fcent er edappr oachofpol i t i ci ans. - Fai l ur eofeducat i onal i nst i t ut i onst opr oducegoodci t i zens. - Excessi vepol i t i ci zat i onofpubl i csect or . - Di smalper f or manceoft heWat chDogI nst i t ut es. - Pr esenceofl acunasandf l awsi nt hecr i mi nalj ust i cesyst em. - LackofChecksandbal ance. - Lackofci vi cawar eness. - Bur eaucr acyat t i t ude. 6. SomeMeasur esTakenbyGover nmentt oAmel i or at et heSi t uat i on: - Enact mentofLaws. - Est abl i shmentofmoni t or i ngor gani zat i onsandcommi t t ees. - I nt r oduct i onofi nt er nalchecksandcont r ol s. - Del i ber at i onofi nt r oduct i onofci vi lser vi cesr ef or ms. 7. RecommendedRef or msf orI nst i t ut i onBui l di ngandI mpr ovedGover nancei nPaki st an: - Act i ver ol eofpol i t i ci ans, medi aandci vi lsoci et yt osaf eguar dt hedemocr acy. - I ndependentandr esponsi bl er ol eofj udi ci ar y. - Pr udentandmat ur er ol eofmedi a. - I nt r oduct i onofci vi lser vi cesr ef or mst oi mpr oveper f or manceofbur eaucr acy. - I nt r oduct i onoft echnol ogyi npubl i csect or . - Ref or mat i onofWat chDogI nst i t ut es. - Necessar yst at ut or yamendment st oi mpr ovet hecr i mi nalj ust i cesyst em. - Account abi l i t yatal ll evel . - Publ i cpar t i ci pat i oni ndeci si onmaki ng. - Rol eofeducat i onali nst i t ut i onst opr oducegoodci t i zens. 8. Concl usi on: ( 7) Soci alMedi a:Asour ceofConnect i ngPeopl eorDi sconnect i ngThem. 1. I nt r oduct i on: 2. Di f f er entt ypesofMedi a: - Pr i ntMedi a. - El ect r oni cMedi a. • Soci alMedi aandi t sTypes: - Bl ogsandMi cr obl ogs. - Soci alnet wor ki ngsi t es( Facebook) . - Soci alCommer ce( Amazon, Al i baba) - Soci alMedi anews( Di gg) . - VoI PSof t war e( Skype, MSN) . • Soci alMedi aasasour ceofconnect i ngpeopl e. - Connect i ngwi t hunknownpeopl ebel ongi ngt oot hernat i onsandst at es. - Connect i ngpeopl eoneal r eadyknow, I r r espect i veoft hei rl ocat i on. - Possi bi l i t yofst ayi ngconnect edwi t hot her sr oundt hecl ock. - Li t t l ecostofmai nt ai ni ngconnect i on. - Fastandspeedyconnect i vi t y. - Easyt r aci ngofl ostcont act s. 3. Benef i t sofConnect i vi t yt hr oughsoci al Medi a: • Soci al : - Shar esi nf or mat i on. - Upgr adesl i vi ngst andar d. - Ser vesassour ceofeducat i on. - El i mi nat essoci albi ases. • Economi c: - Spr eadspol i t i calawar eness. - Assi st si npol i t i caldeci si onmaki ng. o Ar abSpr i ng2011. o Gener alEl ect i onsi nPaki st an2013. - Hi ghl i ght spubl i ci ssuesandgr i evances. • Pol i t i cal : - Gi vesi nf or mat i ononeconomi coppor t uni t i es. - Pr ovi depl at f or mf oreconomi cact i vi t i es.. - Render sassi st ancei neconomi cdeci si onmaki ng. • Rel i gi ous: - I mpar t sr el i gi ouseducat i on. - El i mi nat esr el i gi ousbi ases. - Ser vesaspl at f or m ofr el i gi ouspr eachi ng. • Admi ni st r at i ve: - Ser vesassour ceofi nf or mat i onshar i ng. - Assi st si nqui ckdeci si onmaki ng. - Hel psi nensur i ngbet t ergover nance. 4. Soci alMedi aassour ceofDi sconnectoft hePeopl e: - Weakeni ngoff ami l ybonds. - Decr easei nt r adi t i onalgett oget her . - Decl i nei nt r adi t i onalgett oget her . - Decl i nei nspor t sact i vi t i es. - Scar ci t yoft i me. 5. AGl i mpseoversomeot herevi lofsoci al medi a: - Spoi lofmor alval ues. - Wast ageoft i me. - Act sofcheat i ngandf r aud. - Del et er i ousi mpact sonheal t h. - Pr omot i onofhat r edandant agoni sm. - Unr el i abi l i t yofi nf or mat i on. 6. CausesofEvi l sofSoci al Medi a: - Absenceofpr opercont r ol mechani sm. - Poorper f or manceofr egul at or yaut hor i t i es. - Nof ocusonchar act erbui l di ngi neducat i onal i nst i t ut i ons. - Absenceofot herr ecr eat i onal f aci l i t i es. - Easyavai l abi l i t yoft echnol ogy. . - Cheaperaccesst osoci al medi asi t es. - I ncogni t oaccesst osoci al medi asi t es. 7. Recommendat i onsf orel i mi nat i onofHar mf ulI mpact sofSoci alMedi a: - Appl i cat i onofsomemandat or yf i l t er sandcont r ol s. - Atnat i onall evel . - Atl ocall evel . - Launchi ngofawar enesscampai gns. - Enact mentofst r i ngentl aws. - Ef f ect i ver ol eofr egul at or yaut hor i t i es. - Ef f ect i ver ol eofeducat i onsect ori nchar act erbui l di ng. - Pr ovi si onofbet t erspor t sandr ecr eat i onal f aci l i t i es. - Enact mentofser vi cecost . 8. Concl usi on: ( 8) St at usofWomeni nI sl am 1. I nt r oduct i on: 2. St at usofwomenbef or eI sl am andi nOt herRel i gi ons: - St at usofwomeni nAr abi a. - St at usofwomeni nRomanEmpi r e. - St at usofwomeni nHi ndui sm. - St at usofwomeni nBuddhi sm. 3. St at usofwomenasGr ant edbyI sl am: • St at usi nhouse: - Asamot her . - Asasi st er . - Asawi f e. - Asadaught er . • St at usi nSoci et y: - Ri ghtt ol i f e. - Ri ghtt ohonoranddi gni t y. - Ri ghtt oeducat i on. - Ri ghtt of or mi ngandbr eaki ngconj ugal r el at i ons. • St at usi nst at e: - Ri ghtt oenj oyf undament alhumanr i ght s. - Ri ghtt oenj oyci t i zenshi pofst at e. 4. I nToday’ swor l d, doWomenAct ual l yEnj oysTheSt at usgr ant edt ot hem byI sl am: • No: 5. CausesofpoorSt at usofWomeni nI sl ami cSt at es: • Rel i gi ouscauses: - Negat i ver ol eofr el i gi ousl eader s. - Mi si nt er pr et at i onofr el i gi ousi nj unct i ons. - Avoi danceofI j t i hadi nMusl i m st at es. • Pol i t i cal causes: - Undemocr at i cgover nment . - Lackofpol i t i calwi l l . - Poorl egi sl at i on. - Lackofr epr esent at i oni ndeci si onmaki ngI . • Soci alCauses: - I l l i t er acyofmen. - Taboos, cust omsandt r adi t i ons. - Secur i t yi ssues. - Hi ghchi l dbi r t hr at es. • Economi ccauses: - Pover t yatdomest i cl evel . - Budget ar yconst r ai nt satnat i onal l evel . - Lackofeconomi coppor t uni t i es. 6. Recommendat i onf ort heAmel i or at i onofSi t uat i on: - Rol eofmoder at er el i gi ousl eader st opr opagat et r uemessageoft her el i gi on. - Enact mentandst r i cti mpl ement at i onofl aws. - Toenddomest i cvi ol ence. - Topr ovi desecur i t yatwor kpl ace. - Tocont r olchi l dofear l ymar r i ages. - Fi xat i onandenact mentofquot as. o I nel ect edbodi es. o I neducat i onali nst i t ut i ons. o I nj obs. - Counsel i ngofmal ememberofsoci et y. - Awar enesscampai gn. - Al l ocat i onofmor ebudget s. o Forwomeneducat i on. o Forpopul at i oncont r ol pr ogr ams. o Forsof tl oans. o Forwomenheal t handnut r i t i on. 7. Concl usi on: ( 9) Whatar et heHur dl esi nOurWayt oBecomi ngaTr ul yI ndependentSt at e 1. I nt r oduct i on: 2. Measur est ogauget hei ndependenceofast at e: 3. Cr i t i calanal ysi sofPaki st an’ s68year sofi ndependence: 4. Hur dl esi nourwayt obecomi ngat r ul yi ndependentst at e: • Pol i t i cal : - Pr obl emat i cbor der s. - Mi l i t ar ydomi nat i on:Ani mpedi mentt odevel opmentofot herst at ei nst i t ut i ons. - Lackofconsensusamongpol i t i ci ansonmaj ori ssues. - Per enni ali ssuesoft er r or i sm. - Shor t si ght ed, i mpr udentandi mpet uousl ydesi gnedf or ei gnpol i cy. • Admi ni st r at i ve: - Spi nel essbur eaucr acy. - Del ayedj ust i ce. - Di shonest y, Nepot i sm, andRedt api sm. - Fl awedt r anspar encyandaccount abi l i t ymechani sm. • Economi c: - Vi ci ousci r cl eofpover t y. - Out dat edt echni quesofagr i cul t ur al f ar mi ng. - Unbr i dl edi nf l at i onr at e. - Undocument edeconomy. - Bl i ndpr i vat i zat i on. • Rel i gi ous: - Pat het i cr ol eofr el i gi ousi consf orpowerl ust . I ncul cat i onofant i democr at i csent i menti nt hemi ndsoff ol l ower sandsuppor tof di ct at or shi p. - Useofr el i gi ousf ol l ower sasapr essur egr oup. - Uni gnor abl er ol eofr el i gi ouspar t i esi npr omot i ngsect ar i ani sm. - I ncl i nat i ont owar dst aql eedr at hert hanI j t ehad. • Soci al : - Mar gi nalandunpr oduct i ver ol eofwomen. - Cl assdi spar i t i esduet of eudal i sm andl andl or di sm. - Resi st anceofgener almassest oadopt i ngnewt hi ngs. - Uncont r ol l edpopul at i ongr owt h. 5. Canweeverbecomeat r ul yi ndependentnat i on?Yes. 6. Recommendat i onsf orr emovi ngt hehur dl esi nbecomi ngat r ul yi ndependentst at e: St r engt heni ngofdemocr acybyensur i ngcont i nui t yofcr edi bl eel ect i onsandpr oper vet t i ngofcandi dat es. - Devi si ngmet i cul ous, f ar si ght edandi ndependentf or ei gnpol i cy. - Acompl et eover haul i ngofadmi ni st r at i vesyst ems. - Adopt i ngpr udentandvi si onar yeconomi cpol i ci es. - Enact i ngofst r i ngentl awst obr oadent het axnet . - Pr omot i ngpr ogr essi veschol ar s. - Launchi ngofmedi acampai gnt ochanget hemi ndsetofsoci et y. 7. Concl usi on: ( 10) I mpor t anceofFr eeMedi a 1. I nt r oduct i on: 2. Medi aandi t st ypes: - Pr i ntMedi a. - El ect r oni cMedi a. 3. Component soff r eedom ofmedi a: - Nocensor i ngofnews/pr ogr amsbyt hegover nment . - Noi mposi t i onofeconomi cr est r ai nt s. - Nocancel l at i onofper mi t s/Li censes. - Not hr eat st oj our nal i st s. 4. I mpor t anceofFr eeMedi a: • I mpor t ancef orpol i t i calsect or : - Ensur essust enanceofdemocr acy. - Guar ant eesanenvi r onmentofaccount abi l i t y. - Spr eadspol i t i calawar eness. - Assi st st heGover nmenti ndeci si onmaki ng. - St r engt henel ect or alpr ocess. • I mpor t ancef orEconomi csect or : Pr ovi desgover nmentwi t ht hei nf or mat i ononnat i onalandi nt er nat i onaleconomi c t r ends. - Assi st si nvest or si neconomi cdeci si onmaki ng. - Hi ghl i ght smi st akesandwr ongdoi ngofgover nment . • I mpor t ancef orSoci alSect or : - I mpar t si nf or maleducat i on. - Di ssemi nat esi nf or mat i onandknowl edge. - I ncul cat eset i quet t es. - Upgr adesl i vi ngst andar ds. - Hi ghl i ght ssoci alevi l s. - Ref l ectt r uei mageofnat i on. - I ndi cat esvi ol at i onofhumanr i ght s. - Pr ovi decheapsour ceofEnt er t ai nment . 5. Rol eofMedi ai nPaki st an:Acasest udy. - Lawyer ’ smovementagai nstPar vezMushar af . - Rest or at i onofJudi ci ar y. - ChangeofPubl i copi ni onwi t hr ef er encet ot er r or i st s. - Pr i vat i zat i onofSt eelMi l landot heruni t s. - Sust enanceofDemocr acy. - Emer genceofThi r dpol i t i cal f or ceand2013El ect i ons. - Changi ngst at usandr ol eofwomen. 6. Somenegat i vei mpact s: - Reveal i ngofnat i onalsecr et es. - Pr omot i onofobsceni t y. - Det er i or at i onofmor al i t y. - Spr eadofconsumer i sm. - Causi ngofment alunr est . - Det er i or at i onsoff or ei gnr el at i onofcount r y. - Damaget ot hei mageofnat i onandst at e. 7. CausesofEvi l soft heMedi a: 8. Recommendat i ons: • Forensur i ngi ndependenceofMedi a: - Enact mentofLaws. - Publ i cawar enesscampai gn. - Act i ver ol eofci vi lsoci et y. - I ndependentr ol eofj udi ci ar y. - Mat ur er ol eofmedi aor gani zat i ons. • Forer adi cat i onofevi l sofMedi a: - Enact mentofl awsandst r i cti mpl ement at i on. - Ef f ect i ver ol eofr egul at or yaut hor i t i es. - Est abl i shmentofef f ect i vemechani sm wi t hi nmedi aor gani zat i ons. - Devi si ngofaconsensusbasedcodeofconductcol l ect i vel ybymedi aor gani zat i ons. - Pr ovi si onofbet t erwor kf aci l i t i est omedi aper sonnel . - Pr omot i onofmedi aeducat i onasani mpor t antf i el d. - Tr ai ni ngofmedi aper sonnel . 9. Concl usi on: