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ENGLISH / METRIC UNITS
SECTION 240
HALLIBURTON
TECHNICAL DATA
CALCULATIONS,
FORMULAE
AND
SLURRY TABLES
Copyright © 1985 , 1999, 2001
HaIliburton Company
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Page 1
Page 2
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
SECTION 240
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Lengths, Areas, and Volumes ................................
Geometrical Relationships ......................................
Weights and Measures ..........................................
TVD from MD for Deviated Wells ...........................
Cosine Table ...........................................................
Horizontal Tanks .....................................................
Pipe Capacity ..........................................................
Volume and Height ..................................................
Balanced Plugs .......................................................
Displacement ..........................................................
Buoyancy ...............................................................
Stretch Data for Drill Pipe, Tubing, and Casing ......
Slack-Off Data for Tubing and Drill Pipe ................
Effect of Temperature on Steel ..............................
Hydrostatic Pressure .............................................
Hydrostatic Pressure and Fluid Weight .................
Effect of Water on Mud Weight ..............................
Mud Weight Adjustment with Barite or Water ........
Velocity & Hydraulic Horsepower .........................
Absolute Volume Factors for Materials in Solution
Slurry Density, Water Requirements,
and Yield Calculations .......................................
Slurry Tables ...........................................................
Flow Calculations ...................................................
Table for Sand Plugs ..............................................
4
5
6
7
8
9
10, 11
10, 11
12
13
13
14, 15
16
17
18
19-21
22
23
24, 25
26
27, 28
29-52
53, 54
55-56
Page 3
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
Depth Conversion Table .........................................
Volume Conversion Table .......................................
Compressive Strength Conversion Table ..............
Temperature Conversion Table ..............................
Conversion Percent Salt ........................................
Physical Properties
of Sodium Chloride Solutions ............................
of Calcium Chloride Solutions ............................
of Potassium Chloride Solutions .......................
API Gravity Conversion Table ................................
API Gravity of Oil ....................................................
Metric Conversion Factors .....................................
Classified List of Units ............................................
Conversion Constants ............................................
Conversion Charts .................................................
57
58
59
60-62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70-84
85
86-90
Page 4
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
USEFUL DATA TO CALCULATE
LENGTHS, AREAS AND VOLUMES
1. Linear Measurements (Length):
To find the circumference of a circle multiply the diameter by
3.1416.
To find the diameter of a circle divide the circumference by
3.1416.
The radius of a circle is one-half the diameter.
2. Square Measurement (Area):
To find the area of a square multiply the length by the width.
To find the area of a ractangle multiply the length by the
width.
To find the area of a circle multiply one-half the diameter
by one-half the diameter and multiply the answer by
3.1416, or diameter x diameter x .7854.
To find the vertical surface area of a cylinder standing on
its end multiply the circumference by its vertical height.
To find the surface area of a sphere multiply the circumference by the diameter.
3. Cubic Measurement (Volume, capacity and displacement):
To find the volume of a cube or ractangular solid multiply the
length by the height and multiply the answer by the width.
To find the volume, capacity or displacement of a square or
ractangular tank multiply the length by the height, then
multiply the answer by the width.
To find the volume, capacity or displacement of a cylinder
multiply the area of its end by its height.
To find the volume, capacity or displacement of a sphere or
spherical tank multiply one-half of its diameter by the surface
area and divide the answer by three.
Page 5
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
GEOMETRICAL RELATIONSHIPS
CIRCLE:
SPHERE:
AREA = 0.7854 x D2
SURFACE AREA = 3.14 x D2
ELLIPSE:
CUBE:
AREA = 0.7854 x A x B
RECTANGULAR
PARALLELOPIPED:
(ALL SIDES EQUAL)
SURFACE AREA = 6 x A2
CONE:
SURFACE
AREA = 2 x (AB + BC + CA)
CYLINDER:
SURFACE AREA = 1.57 x D x 5
3.14 x D2 x H
VOLUME =
12
1. HOLLOW
SURFACE AREA = 3.14 x D x A
VOLUME = D2 x A x .7854
2. SOLID
SURFACE
AREA = 3.14 x D x A + 1.57 x D2
VOLUME = D2 x A x .7854
HEXAGON:
FRUSTRUM
OF CONE:
AREA = 3/2 x A x B
TRAPEZOID:
SURFACE
AREA = 1.57 x (D+d) x 5
AREA = ½ x (A + B) X H
Page 6
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
{
1 U.S. gal equals ...........................
231 Cu. In. – 3785.4 cm3.
0.1337 Cu. Ft. – .00379 m3.
0.0238 bbls. – 3.785 L.
1 U.S. gal. water at 20ºC. (68ºF.) weighs 8.33 Lbs. – 3.778 kg.
1 Imperial or English gal. equals ... 277.420 Cu. In. – 4.54596 L.
1 Imperial gal. of water weighs ...... 10 Lbs. – 4.535924 kg.
1 Square Foot equals .................... 144 square In. – .092903 m2.
1 Cubic Inch equals ......................
1 Cubic Foot equals ......................
Gals. – .016387 L.
{ .0043291
.0005787 Cu. Ft. – .000016 m3.
{
1728 Cu. In.–.02832.4 cm3.
7.4805 U.S. Gal.–28.32 L.
0.1781 bbls.–28.32 L.
1 cu. ft. water at 20ºC. (68ºF.) weighs . 62.31 Lbs.–28.263341 kg.
1 cu. ft. salt water(4.6%) weighs .......... 64.3 Lbs.–29.165989 kg.
1 cu. ft. Saturated Salt Water weighs .. 74.7 Lbs.–33.8335 kg.
1 Standard Barrel equals ...................... 31.5 U.S. Gals.–119.2379 L.
{
42 Gals.–158.98386 L.
1 Barrel of Oil equals ........................ 9702 Cu. In.–158987.6 cm3.
5.6146 Cu. Ft.–.159 m3.
1 cu. in. of water weighs .................. .03606 Lbs.–.01636 kg.
12 cu. in. of water weighs ................ .433 Lbs.–.1964 kg.
A pressure of one lb. per sq. in. is exerted by a column of water 2.3110 feet high, or
27.73 inches high, at 20ºC. (68ºF.).
A pressure of 1 kPa is exerted by a column of water .102 meters high at 20ºC.
A column of water, at 20ºC (68ºF.) one foot high presses on the base with a force of
.433 lbs. per square inch.
A column of water, at 20ºC (68ºF.) one foot high presses on the base with a force of
9.807 kPa.
To find the pressure in lbs. per sq. in. of a column of water multiply the height of the
column in feet by .433.
To find the pressure in kPa of a column of water multiply the height of the column in
meters by 9.807.
To find the capacity of a mud pit per inch (mm) of depth multiply the length by the width
in feet (m), which gives the area in square feet (m2), then multiply by the depth in feet
(m), which gives total capacity of pit in Cu.Ft. (m3). Now divide the depth in inches (mm)
to get Cu. Ft. per In. (m3) of depth. If it is desired to convert the cubic feet (m3/mm) into
gallons (L) multiply by 7.48 (1000).
Doubling the inside diameter of a pipe increases its capacity four times.
Friction of liquids in pipe increases as the square of the velocity.
A horsepower is equivalent to raising 33,000 Lbs. 1 foot per minute, or 745.6999 W.
Steam rising from water at its boiling point has a pressure of 14.7 psi (101.34 kPa) at
sea level.
Page 7
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
DEVIATED WELL CALCULATIONS
The cosine is the ratio of the True Vertical Depth (TVD)
compared to the Measured Depth (MD). For example
the Cosine (COS) of a 45 degree angle is 0.7071. This
means for every foot of mesured depth the true vertical
depth is only 0.7071 feet.
0.7071 feet
45°
1 foot
Example:
A well is deviated from the surface at a 30 degree angle.
The MD is 800 feet. If the well is loaded with 11.4 lb/gal
drilling fluid what is the hydrostatic pressure at the
TD?
COS 30 = 0.8660
800 ft x 0.8660 x 0.5922 psi/ft = 410.2762 psi
Page 8
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
DEVIATED WELL CALCULATIONS
Degree Cosine
COSINE TABLE
Degree Cosine
Degree Cosine
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0.9998
0.9994
0.9986
0.9976
0.9962
0.9945
0.9925
0.9903
0.9877
0.9848
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
0.8572
0.8480
0.8387
0.8290
0.8192
0.8090
0.7986
0.7880
0.7771
0.7660
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
0.4848
0.4695
0.4540
0.4384
0.4226
0.4067
0.3907
0.3746
0.3584
0.3420
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0.9816
0.9781
0.9744
0.9703
0.9659
0.9613
0.9563
0.9511
0.9455
0.9397
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
0.7547
0.7431
0.7314
0.7193
0.7071
0.6947
0.6820
0.6691
0.6561
0.6428
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
0.3256
0.3090
0.2924
0.2756
0.2588
0.2419
0.2250
0.2079
0.1908
0.1736
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
0.9336
0.9272
0.9205
0.9135
0.9063
0.8988
0.8910
0.8829
0.8746
0.8660
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
0.6293
0.6157
0.6018
0.5878
0.5736
0.5592
0.5446
0.5299
0.5150
0.5000
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
0.1564
0.1392
0.1219
0.1045
0.0872
0.0698
0.0523
0.0349
0.0175
0.0000
Page 9
ENGLISH UNITS
CALCULATING CONTENTS OF
HORIZONTAL CYLINDRICAL TANKS
First calculate the depth ratio (D) by dividing the depth of
water or other fluid in the tank in inches (h) by the diameter
of the tank in inches (d).
Opposite this value for the depth ratio (D) in the following
table you will find the percentage of the total capacity of the
tank. Multiplying the capacity of the tank by this percentage
gives the contents of the tank for that fluid depth.
D
Percent of
Capacity
D
Percent of
Capacity
.02
.04
.06
.08
.10
.12
.14
.16
.18
.20
.22
.24
.26
.28
.30
.32
.004799
.013480
.024509
.037501
.052025
.067979
.085114
.103234
.122421
.14346
.163077
.184466
.206502
.229195
.252298
.275729
.34
.36
.38
.40
.42
.44
.46
.48
.50
.52
.54
.56
.58
.60
.62
.64
.299762
.324061
.348667
.373539
.398525
.423749
.449132
.464560
.500000
.525440
.550868
.576251
.601475
.626461
.651333
.675939
D
Percent of
Capacity
.66
.68
.70
.72
.74
.76
.78
.80
.82
.84
.86
.88
.90
.92
.94
.96
.98
.700238
.724271
.747702
.770805
.79348
.815334
.836923
.857654
.877579
.896766
.914886
.932021
.947975
.962499
.975491
.986520
.995201
Example: Find contents of tank 60” in
diameter (d) which has 24” of water in it.
Tank is 10 feet long. (Capacity of tank is
1469 gal.)
24
= .40 and from table, the
60
percent of capacity is .373539.
D=
D=
h
d
Contents = 1469 x .373539 = 550.62 gal.
Courtesy of Missouri Water Well & Pump Contractors Assn., Inc.
Page 10
ENGLISH UNITS
EQUATIONS FOR CALCULATING
CAPACITY OF PIPE
Barrels per lineal foot
=
.0009714 x D2
Lineal feet per barrel
=
Cubic feet per lineal foot
=
Lineal feet per cubic foot
=
Gallons per lineal foot
=
.0408 x D2
Lineal feet per gallon
=
24.51
D2
1029.4
D2
.005454 x D2
183.35
D2
D = Diameter in inches
EQUATIONS FOR VOLUME AND HEIGHT
BETWEEN MULTIPLE TUBING STRINGS
AND HOLE (OR CASING)
Barrels per lineal foot
=
(D2 – nd2) 0.0009714
Lineal feet per barrel
=
1029.4
D2 – nd2
Cubic feet per lineal foot
=
(D2 – nd2) 0.005454
Lineal feet per cubic foot
=
183.35
D2 – nd2
Gallons per lineal foot
=
(D2 – nd2) 0.0408
Lineal feet per gallon
=
24.51
D2 – nd2
WHERE:
D= Diameter of hole, inches (or ID of casing)
d = Outside diameter of tubing, inches
n = Number of tubing strings
Page 11
METRIC UNITS
EQUATIONS FOR CALCULATING
CAPACITY OF PIPE
Cubic meters per lineal meter
=
D2
1,273,000
Lineal meters per cubic meter
=
1,273,000
D2
Hectoliter per lineal meter
=
D2
127,300
Lineal meter per hectoliter
=
127,300
D2
Liter per Lineal meter
=
D2
1273
Lineal meter per liter
=
1273
D2
D = Diameter in mm
EQUATIONS FOR VOLUME AND HEIGHT
BETWEEN MULTIPLE TUBING STRINGS AND
HOLE (OR CASING)
(D2 – nd2)
1,273,000
Cubic meter per meter
=
Meter per cubic meter
1,273,000
= (D2 – nd2)
Hectoliter per meter
=
Meter per hectoliter
127,300
= (D2 – nd2)
Liter per meter
=
Meter per liter
1273
= (D2 – nd2)
(D2 – nd2)
127,300
(D2 – nd2)
1273
WHERE:
D = Diameter of hole or ID of casing, mm
d = Outside diameter of tubing, mm
n = Number of tubing strings
Page 12
ENGLISH UNITS
BALANCE CEMENT PLUG JOB
It is desired to place a 110 Cu. Ft. cement plug in the bottom of 8,000’
of 7”, 26# casing, using 2.875” tubing. The operator wants the cement
column equalized. He also wants a balanced column of water (the same
height of water in the space between the tubing and casing as exists
within the tubing).
EQUALIZATION POINT FORMULA
h=
N
C+T
- where
N = Cu. Ft. of Cement slurry used.
h = height of balanced cement column.
C = Cu. Ft. per linear foot of space between tubing (or drill pipe), and
casing (or hole). C may be found in Volume and Height Tables,
Section 221 and/or Section 122.
T = Cu. Ft. per linear foot inside tubing (or drill pipe, or casing). T may
be found in Capacity Tables, Section 210.
N = 110 Cu. Ft. Cem. slurry: C = .1697 Cu. Ft./Ft.
T = .0325 Cu. Ft./Ft.
h =
110
.1697 + .0325
=
110
.2022
= 544’
8000’ - 544’ = 7456’ x .00579 Bbls./Ft. (Capacity Tables) = 43.17 Bbls.
displacement required to equalize the cement column.
To balance the water that is to be placed ahead of the cement with the
water that is to follow the cement, one must obtain (from the Handbook)
the height that one Bbl. of water will fill in the space between the casing
and the tubing, and the height that one Bbl. of water will fill inside the
tubing.
Height between tubing and casing = 33.11’/Bbl. (Handbook).
Height inside tubing = 172.7’/Bbl. (Handbook).
A ratio of 5.22 Bbl.
(172.6’)
33.11
of water ahead of the cement to one
bbl. of water behind will give a balanced column of 172.7’ of water. This
ratio may be used to balance any desired amount of water the operator
wants to use. 2 Bbls. of water behind the cement - 2 x 5.22 = 10.44 Bbls.
of water ahead of the cement. This gives a balanced water column of
345.4’.
Page 13
ENGLISH UNITS
DISPLACEMENT
BUOYANCY FACTORS FOR STEEL PIPE
IN VARIOUS WEIGHT FLUIDS
(Fluid Density — lb./gal.)
Lb./Gal.
Buoyancy
Factor
Lb./Gal.
Buoyancy
Factor
Lb./Gal.
Buoyancy
Factor
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
.9083
.9068
.9053
.9037
.9022
.9007
.8991
.8976
.8961
.8946
11.0
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
.8319
.8304
.8289
.8273
.8258
.8243
.8227
.8212
.8197
.8182
16.0
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
.7555
.7540
.7524
.7509
.7494
.7479
.7463
.7448
.7433
.7417
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
.8930
.8915
.8900
.8884
.8869
.8854
.8839
.8823
.8808
.8793
12.0
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
.8166
.8151
.8136
.8120
.8105
.8090
.8075
.8059
.8044
.8029
17.0
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
.7402
.7387
.7372
.7356
.7341
.7326
.7311
.7295
.7280
.7265
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.33*
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
.8778
.8762
.8747
.8732
.8727
.8716
.8701
.8686
.8671
.8655
.8640
13.0
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
.8013
.7998
.7983
.7968
.7952
.7937
.7922
.7906
.7891
.7876
18.0
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.7
18.8
18.9
.7249
.7234
.7219
.7204
.7188
.7173
.7158
.7142
.7127
.7112
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
.8625
.8609
.8594
.8579
.8564
.8548
.8533
.8518
.8502
.8487
14
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
.7861
.7845
.783
.7815
.7800
.7784
.7769
.7754
.7738
.7723
19
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.9
.7097
.7081
.7066
.7051
.7035
.7020
.7005
.6990
.6974
.6960
10.0
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
.8472
.8457
.8441
.8426
.8411
.8395
.8380
.8365
.8350
.8334
15.0
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
.7708
.7693
.7677
.7662
.7647
.7631
.7616
.7601
.7586
.7570
20.0
.6944
FOR OPEN ENDED PIPE
Pipe Wt. (in Fluid) = Pipe Wt. (In Air) x Buoyancy Factor
*Weight of Water at 68°F (20°C)
Page 14
TABLE 204
STRETCH DATA FOR DRILL PIPE,
TUBING AND CASING
Size of
Tubing, D.P.
or Casing
2.375”
Upset
Tubing
4.70 #/Ft.
2.875”
Upset
Tubing
6.50 #/Ft.
3.500”
Upset
Tubing
9.30 #/Ft.
2.875”
Drill Pipe
10.40 #/Ft.
Stretch Per
Length
of Pipe
Suspended
in Well,
Feet
Pull Above
1000 Lb.
Pull Above
Wt. of Pipe,
Inches
Factor C
500
1,000
2,000
3,000
.115
.310
.620
.930
4,000
5,000
10,000
1.240
1.550
3.100
500
1,000
2,000
3,000
Stretch
Weight of
Pipe Per
In. Stretch
of Pipe
Pounds
6,450
3,225
1,612
1,075
.14
.56
2.22
5.00
806
644
322
8.88
13.88
55.51
.110
.220
.440
.660
9,080
4,540
2,270
1,513
.14
.56
2.22
5.00
4,000
5,000
10,000
.880
1.100
2.200
1,135
908
454
8.88
13.88
55.51
500
1,000
2,000
3,000
.0772
.1544
.3088
.4632
12,960
6,480
3,240
2,160
.14
.56
2.22
5.00
4,000
5,000
10,000
.6176
.7720
1.544
1,620
1,296
648
8.88
13.88
55.51
500
1,000
2,000
3,000
.070
.140
.280
.420
14,300
7,150
3,575
2,383
.14
.56
2.22
5.00
4,000
5,000
10,000
.560
.700
1.40
1,787
1,430
715
8.88
13.88
55.51
FORMULA FOR DETERMINING STRETCH IN PIPE
S=
L X P X C
1000 X 1000
(use to set tension packer with no weight indication)
FORMULA FOR DETERMINING PULL OF PIPE
1000 X 1000 X S
P=
C X L
FORMULA FOR FREE PIPE DEPTH
L=
Where:
L
S
P
C
=
=
=
=
Due To Own
Weight
Suspended
in Water,
Inches
S X 1000 X 1000
P
X
C
Length of free pipe in feet.
Stretch pulled in pipe, in inches.
Pull on pipe to get the stretch “S” in pounds
Constant for given pipe size and weight being stretched.
(For this equation use C factor at pipe length of 1000 ft.)
Page 15
TABLE 204
STRETCH DATA FOR DRILL PIPE,
TUBING AND CASING
Size of
Tubing, D.P.
or Casing
Stretch Per
Length
of Pipe
Suspended
in Well,
Feet
3.500”
Drill Pipe
13.30 #/Ft.
4.500”
Drill Pipe
16.60 #/Ft.
5.500”
Casing
17 #/Ft.
7.000”
Casing
23 #/Ft.
Pull Above
1000 Lb.
Pull Above
Wt. of Pipe,
Inches
Factor C
Stretch
Weight of
Pipe Per
In. Stretch
of Pipe
Pounds
Due To Own
Weight
Suspended
in Water,
Inches
500
1,000
2,000
3,000
.055
.110
.220
.330
18,200
9,100
4,550
3,033
.14
.56
2.22
5.00
4,000
5,000
10,000
.440
.550
1.10
2,275
1,820
910
8.88
13.88
55.51
500
1,000
2,000
3,000
.0450
.0900
.180
.270
22,200
11,100
5,550
3,700
.14
.56
2.22
5.00
4,000
5,000
10,000
.360
.450
.900
2,775
2,220
1,110
8.88
13.88
55.51
500
1,000
2,000
3,000
.0402
.0804
.160
240
24,800
12,400
6,230
4,133
.14
.56
2.22
5.00
4,000
5,000
10,000
.320
.402
804
3,100
2,480
1,240
8.88
13.88
55.51
500
1,000
2,000
3,000
.0301
.0602
.120
.181
33,220
16,610
8,305
5,537
.14
.56
2.22
5.00
4,000
5,000
10,000
241
.301
.602
4,152
3,322
1,661
8.88
13.88
55.51
NOTE: The above figures apply only to steel pipe that has not been stretched or is
not being stretched beyond its elastic limit.
Example:
A 7” RTTS is set at 15,000 feet on 2 3/8: 4.7 #/ft. EUE tubing. There are
indications that the casing has collapsed above the tool. Pick up pipe weight,
mark pipe and pull 20,000 pounds above pipe weight. This 20,000 pounds
stretches pipe 25 inches. Where is the casing collapsed?
S = 25 inches
P = 20,000 pounds
C = .31 (C factor from table at 1000 ft.)
L=
25 X 1000 X 1000
20,000 X .31
L = 4032 feet
Page 16
TABLE 205
SLACK-OFF DATA FOR TUBING
AND DRILL PIPE
Size of Tubing or Drill Pipe
Slack-Off Factor*
1.900 O.D. EUE Tubing
2.375 O.D. EUE Tubing
2.875 O.D. EUE Tubing
3.500 O.D. EUE Tubing
2.875 O.D. 10.40 lb/ft DP
3.500 O.D. 13.30 lb/ft DP
4.500 O.D. 16.60 lb/ft DP
0.68
0.39
0.26
0.17
0.16
0.12
0.10
* Inches to slack-off to obtain 1000 lbs. weight on packer for each 1000 ft. of depth.
An allowance is included for coiling and friction.
Required slack (inc.) =
Desired Weight
1000
X
Packer Depth
1000
X Factor
Example:
Weight desired on packer ......................................... 15,000 lbs.
Depth packer set ............................................................. 5,000:”
Size of Tubing ........................................................ 2.375” EUE
Slack-off factor for 2.375” EUE from table = 0.39
15,000
1000
X
5,000
1000
X 0.39 = 29.25 (use 29 inches)
The setting stroke required to set any particular tool is not included in these figures
and will have to be added.
NOTE: The above figures apply only to pipe that has not been stretched, or is not
being stretched beyond its elastic limit.
Page 17
ENGLISH UNITS
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON STEEL
Steel expands or contracts .0000828” per foot per degree (F)
of temperature change.
Therefore:
T
e
=
depth x .0000828 x ∆T (F°)
when:
T
=
depth =
∆T
=
e
change in length in inches
feet
average temperature change
Page 18
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE AND FLUID
WEIGHT CONVERSION TABLES
To find the Hydrostatic pressure of a column of fluid, multiply the
appropriate value in Lbs./Sq. in. per foot of depth times the depth in feet.
Example: find the Hydrostatic Pressure at a depth of 13,760 feet (4
194m) in a hole filled with mud weighing 12.3 Lbs./Gal. (92.01 Lbs./Cu.
Ft.) (1.474 kg/L) The value 0.6390 is found opposite 12.3 Lbs./Gal. in the
table. Then 0.6390 x 13760 = 8793 Lbs. per Sq. In. (or 14.455 kPa/mX 4
194m = 60 624 kPa) hydrostatic pressure.
Lbs./Gal.
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE AND FLUID WEIGHT
Lbs./Sq. In.
Lbs./Cu. Ft.
Sp. Gr.
Per Ft. of Depth
kg/L
kPa/m
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
52.36
53.11
53.86
54.61
55.36
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.89
0.3636
0.3688
0.3740
0.3792
0.3844
0.839
0.851
0.863
0.875
0.887
8.225
8.342
8.460
8.578
8.695
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
56.10
56.85
57.60
58.35
59.10
0.90
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.95
0.3896
0.3948
0.4000
0.4052
0.4104
0.899
0.911
0.923
0.935
0.947
8.813
8.931
9.048
9.166
9.283
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.33*
8.4
59.84
60.59
61.34
62.09
62.31
62.84
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
0.4156
0.4208
0.4260
0.4312
0.4330
0.4364
0.959
0.971
0.983
0.995
1.000
1.007
9.401
9.519
9.636
9.754
9.807
9.872
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
63.58
64.33
65.08
65.83
66.58
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.07
0.4416
0.4468
0.4519
0.4571
0.4623
1.019
1.031
1.043
1.054
1.066
9.989
10.107
10.222
10.340
10.457
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
67.32
68.07
68.82
69.57
70.32
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.13
0.4675
0.4727
0.4779
0.4831
0.4883
1.078
1.090
1.102
1.114
1.126
10.575
10.693
10.810
10.928
11.046
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
71.06
71.81
72.56
73.31
74.06
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.19
0.4935
0.4987
0.5039
0.5091
0.5143
1.138
1.150
1.162
1.174
1.186
11.163
11.281
11.399
11.516
11.634
10.0
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
74.80
75.55
76.30
77.05
77.80
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.25
0.5195
0.5247
0.5299
0.5351
0.5403
1.198
1.210
1.222
1.234
1.246
11.751
11.869
11.987
12.104
12.222
* Density of water at 20ºC.or 68ºF.
Page 19
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
AND FLUID WEIGHT
Lbs./Cu. Ft.
Sp. Gr.
Lbs./Sq. In.
Per Ft. of Depth
kg/L
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
78.55
79.29
80.04
80.79
81.54
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.31
0.5455
0.5506
0.5558
0.5610
0.5662
1.258
1.270
1.282
1.294
1.306
12.340
12.455
12.573
12.690
12.808
11.0
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
82.29
83.03
83.78
84.53
85.28
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.37
0.5714
0.5766
0.5818
0.5870
0.5922
1.318
1.330
1.342
1.354
1.366
12.925
13.043
13.161
13.278
13.396
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
86.03
86.77
87.52
88.27
89.02
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.412
1.43
0.5974
0.6026
0.6078
0.6130
0.6182
1.378
1.390
1.402
1.414
1.426
13.514
13.631
13.749
13.866
13.984
12.0
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
89.77
90.51
91.26
92.01
92.76
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.49
0.6234
0.6286
0.6338
0.6390
0.6442
1.438
1.450
1.462
1.474
1.486
14.102
14.219
14.337
14.455
14.572
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
93.51
94.25
95.00
95.75
96.50
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.55
0.6493
0.6545
0.6597
0.6649
0.6701
1.498
1.510
1.522
1.534
1.546
14.688
14.805
14.923
15.040
15.158
13.0
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
97.25
97.99
98.74
99.49
100.24
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.61
0.6753
0.6805
0.6857
0.6909
0.6961
1.558
1.570
1.582
1.594
1.606
15.276
15.393
15.511
15.629
15.746
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
100.99
101.73
102.48
103.23
103.98
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.67
0.7013
0.7065
0.7117
0.7169
0.7221
1.618
1.630
1.624
1.654
1.666
15.864
15.981
16.099
16.217
16.334
14.0
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
104.73
105.48
106.22
106.97
107.72
1.68
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.73
0.7273
0.7325
0.7377
0.7429
0.7480
1.678
1.690
1.702
1.714
1.726
16.452
16.570
16.687
16.805
16.920
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
108.47
109.22
109.96
110.71
111.46
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.79
0.7532
0.7584
0.7636
0.7688
0.7740
1.738
1.750
1.761
1.773
1.785
17.038
17.155
17.273
17.391
17.508
Lbs./Gal.
kPa/m
Page 20
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
AND FLUID WEIGHT
Lbs./Sq. In.
Lbs./Gal. Lbs./Cu. Ft. Sp. Gr. Per Ft. of Depth
kg/L
kPa/m
15.0
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
112.21
112.96
113.70
114.45
115.20
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.85
0.7792
0.7844
0.7896
0.7948
0.8000
1.797
1.809
1.821
1.833
1.845
17.626
17.744
17.861
17.979
18.096
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
115.95
116.70
117.44
118.19
118.94
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.91
0.8052
0.8104
0.8156
0.8208
0.8260
1.857
1.869
1.881
1.893
1.905
18.214
18.332
18.449
18.567
18.685
16.0
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
119.69
120.44
121.18
121.93
122.68
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.97
0.8312
0.8364
0.8416
0.8468
0.8519
1.917
1.929
1.941
1.953
1.965
18.802
18.920
19.037
19.155
19.270
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
123.43
124.18
124.92
125.67
126.42
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.03
0.8571
0.8623
0.8675
0.8727
0.8779
1.977
1.989
2.001
2.013
2.025
19.388
19.506
19.623
19.741
19.859
17.0
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
127.17
127.92
128.66
129.41
130.16
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.09
0.8831
0.8883
0.8935
0.8987
0.9039
2.037
2.049
2.061
2.073
2.085
19.976
20.094
20.211
20.329
20.447
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
130.91
131.66
132.40
133.15
133.90
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
0.9091
0.9143
0.9195
0.9247
0.9299
2.097
2.109
2.121
2.133
2.145
20.564
20.682
20.800
20.917
21.035
18.0
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
134.65
135.40
136.15
136.89
137.64
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
0.9351
0.9403
0.9455
0.9506
0.9558
2.157
2.169
2.181
2.193
2.205
21.153
21.270
21.388
21.503
21.621
18.5
18.6
18.7
18.8
18.9
19.0
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
138.39
139.14
139.89
140.63
141.38
142.13
142.88
143.63
144.37
145.12
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
0.9610
0.9662
0.9714
0.9766
0.9818
0.9870
0.9922
0.9974
1.0026
1.0078
2.217
2.229
2.241
2.253
2.265
2.277
2.289
2.301
2.313
2.325
21.738
21.856
21.974
22.091
22.209
22.327
22.444
22.562
22.679
22.797
Page 21
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
AND FLUID WEIGHT
Lbs./Sq. In.
Lbs./Gal. Lbs./Cu. Ft. Sp. Gr. Per Ft. of Depth
kg/L
kPa/m
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.9
145.87
146.62
147.37
148.11
148.86
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
1.0130
1.0182
1.0234
1.0286
1.0338
2.337
2.349
2.361
2.373
2.385
22.915
23.032
23.150
23.268
23.385
20.0
20.1
20.2
20.3
20.4
149.61
150.36
151.11
151.85
152.60
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
1.0390
1.0442
1.0493
1.0545
1.0597
2.397
2.409
2.421
2.433
2.445
23.503
23.620
23.736
23.853
23.971
20.5
20.6
20.7
20.8
20.9
153.35
154.10
154.85
155.59
156.34
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
1.0649
1.0701
1.0753
1.0805
1.0857
2.456
2.468
2.480
2.492
2.504
24.089
24.206
24.324
24.442
24.559
21.0
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
157.09
157.84
158.59
159.33
160.08
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
1.0909
1.0961
1.1013
1.1065
1.1117
2.516
2.528
2.540
2.552
2.564
24.677
24.794
24.912
25.030
25.147
21.5
21.6
21.7
21.8
21.9
160.83
161.58
162.33
163.07
163.82
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
1.1169
1.1221
1.1273
1.1325
1.1377
2.576
2.588
2.600
2.612
2.624
25.265
25.383
25.500
25.618
25.735
22.0
22.1
22.2
22.3
22.4
164.57
165.32
166.07
166.82
167.56
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
1.1429
1.1480
1.1532
1.1584
1.1636
2.636
2.648
2.660
2.672
2.684
25.853
25.968
26.086
26.204
26.321
22.5
22.6
22.7
22.8
22.9
23.0
168.31
169.06
169.81
170.56
171.30
172.05
2.70
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.76
1.1688
1.1740
1.1792
1.1844
1.1896
1.1948
2.696
2.708
2.720
2.732
2.744
2.756
26.439
26.557
26.674
26.792
26.909
27.027
Page 22
EFFECT OF WATER ON MUD WEIGHT
Water Added
Bbl./100 bbl.
Mud
Weight of Resulting Mud
Lb./Gal.
10.0
9.9
9.8
9.8
11.0
10.9
10.8
10.6
12.0
11.8
11.7
11.5
13.0
12.8
12.6
12.4
14.0
13.7
13.5
13.3
15.0
14.7
14.4
14.1
16.0
15.6
15.3
15.0
17.0
16.6
16.2
15.9
020
025
030
035
9.7
9.7
9.6
9.6
10.6
10.5
10.4
10.3
11.4
11.3
11.1
11.0
12.2
12.1
11.9
11.8
13.1
12.9
12.7
12.5
13.7
13.7
13.5
13.3
14.7
14.5
14.2
14.0
15.6
15.3
15.0
14.7
040
045
050
060
9.5
9.5
9.4
9.4
10.2
10.2
10.1
10.0
10.9
10.9
10.8
10.6
11.7
11.6
11.4
11.2
12.4
12.2
12.1
11.9
13.1
12.9
12.8
12.5
13.8
13.6
13.4
13.1
14.5
14.3
14.1
13.7
070
080
090
100
9.3
9.3
9.2
9.2
9.9
9.8
9.7
9.2
10.5
10.4
10.3
10.2
11.1
10.9
10.8
10.7
11.7
11.5
11.3
11.2
12.2
12.0
11.8
11.7
12.8
12.6
12.4
12.2
13.4
13.1
12.9
12.7
(From “Principles of Drilling Mud Control” Eleventh Edition)
ENGLISH UNITS
000
005
010
015
Initial
Mud
Weight,
lb/gal
Desired Mud Weight, lb/gal
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
17.0
17.5
18.0
129
159
129
190
160
130
123
192
161
131
156
125
193
162
131
192
160
128
196
164
132
229
196
164
131
198
166
133
268
234
201
167
134
101
167
134
308
273
239
205
171
137
103
168
134
350
315
280
245
210
175
140
105
170
135
395
359
323
287
251
215
179
144
108
172
136
442
405
368
331
294
258
221
184
147
111
174
137
490
452
414
376
339
301
263
226
188
150
113
175
137
542
503
464
426
387
348
310
271
232
194
155
116
177
139
596
557
516
479
437
397
357
318
278
238
199
159
119
179
140
653
612
571
531
490
449
408
367
327
286
245
204
163
122
181
141
714
672
630
588
546
504
462
420
378
336
294
252
210
168
126
184
142
778
735
691
648
605
562
518
475
432
389
345
302
259
216
172
129
186
143
143
185
128
171
214
256
299
342
385
427
470
513
556
598
641
684
726
130
160
190
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
360
390
420
450
480
123
146
169
192
115
138
161
185
208
231
254
277
300
323
346
119
137
156
175
194
112
131
150
169
187
206
225
244
262
116
132
148
163
176
195
110
126
142
158
174
189
205
114
127
141
154
168
182
195
109
123
136
150
163
112
124
136
148
160
172
184
196
108
120
132
111
121
132
143
154
164
175
186
196
107
119
118
126
135
144
153
162
171
118
116
124
132
140
149
157
118
115
123
130
138
145
117
114
121
128
135
117
113
120
126
116
112
118
116
112
115
The upper right half of this table shows the number of sacks of barite which must be
added to 100 bbl. of mud to produce desired weight increases. To use this portio of the
table, locate the initial mud weight in the vertical column to the left, then locate the
desired mud weight in the upper horizontal row. The number of sacks of barite to be
added per 100 bbl. of mud is read directly across from the intial weight and directly below
the desired mud weight. For example, to raise an 11 lb.gal. mud to 14.5 lb./gal., 251
sacks of barite must be added per 100 bbl. of mud in the system.
Page 23
The lower left half of this table shows the number of barrels of water which must be
added to 100 bbl. of mud to produce desired weight reductions. To use this portion of
the table, locate the initial mud weight in the vertical column at the left, then locate the
desired mud weight in the upper horizontal row. The number of barrels of water to be
added per 100 bbl. of mud is read directly across from the initial weight and directly
below the desired mud weight. For example to reduce an 11 lb./gal. mud to a 9.5 lb./gal.
mud, 128 bbl. of water must be added for every 100 bbl. of mud in the system.
110
119
129
139
148
158
168
177
817
ENGLISH UNITS
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
17
17.5
18
MUD WEIGHT ADJUSTMENT WITH BARITE OR WATER
Page 24
ENGLISH UNITS
EQUATIONS FOR CALCULATING
VELOCITY AND HORSEPOWER
Feet per second
=
B.P.H. x .2859
(Diameter in inches)2
Feet per second
=
B.P.D. x .0119
(Diameter in inches)2
Feet per second
=
G.P.M. x .4085
(Diameter in inches)2
Hydraulic Horsepower
=
B.P.H. x Pressure (psi)
2447
Hydraulic Horsepower
=
B.P.H. x Pressure (psi) x .000408
Hydraulic Horsepower
=
B.P.D. x Pressure (psi) x .000017
Hydraulic Horsepower
=
B.P.M. x Pressure (psi) x .0245
Hydraulic Horsepower
=
G.P.M. x Pressure (psi) x .000583
Brake Horsepower
=
B.P.H. x Pressure (psi) x .000408
Efficiency
Brake Horsepower
=
B.P.D. x Pressure (psi) x .000017
Efficiency
Brake Horsepower
=
G.P.M. x Pressure (psi) x .000583
Efficiency
NOTE:
B.P.M. = Barrels per minute
B.P.H. = Barrels per hour
B.P.D. = Barrels per day
psi = Pounds per square inch
Page 25
METRIC UNITS
EQUATIONS FOR CALCULATING
VELOCITY AND POWER
Meters per second
=
m3/hr x 353.68
D2
Meters per second
=
m3/day x 14.737
D2
Meters per second
=
L/min x 21.221
D2
Kilowatt
=
L/min x MPa x .0167
Kilowatt
=
m3/min x MPa x 16.7
Kilowatt
=
m3/hr x MPa x 1000
Kilowatt
=
m3/day x MPa x 24000
Page 26
ABSOLUTE VOLUME FACTORS FOR MATERIALS IN SOLUTION AT 20°C (68°F)
NaCl
Absolute Volume
gal./lb.
KCl
Percent by
weight of water
KCl
Absolute Volume
gal./lb
CaCl2
Percent by
weight of water
CaCl2
Absolute Volume
gal./lb.
5.00
6.00
10.00
12.00
15.00
18.00
20.00
24.00
25.00
30.00
35.14
37.07*
.0368
.0372
.0385
.0391
.0398
.0405
.0409
.0417
.0418
.0426
.0433
.0458*
1.00
2.00
3.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
31.58
—
—
.0436
.0440
.0444
.0450
.0463
.0475
.0481
.0488
.0493
.0495
—
—
2.00
4.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
66.67
—
.0220
.0229
.0234
.0252
.0266
.0278
.0296
.0311
.0325
.0339
.0346
—
*Solution at 60°C (140°F)
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
NaCl
Percent by
weight of water
Page 27
Slurry Density, Water Requirements, and
Yield Calculations
Weight of Materials in one sack of the following cement slurry:
Premium Cement + 35% SSA-1 + 0.5% GasStop + 0.3% CFR-3 + 0.2% HR-5
Mix Slurry at 16.0 lb/gal Density; Find Yield and Water Requirements
Cement ............................. 94 lbs
SSA-1 ............................... (94 lbs X 35/100) = 32.9 lbs
GasStop ............................ (94 lbs X 0.5/100) = 0.47 lbs
CFR-3 .............................. (94 lbs X 0.3/100) = 0.282 lbs
HR-5 ................................ (94 lbs X 0.2/100) = 0.188 lbs
Water ................................ (8.33 lbs/gal X A gals) = 8.33A lbs
Total Weight of Slurry = 127.84 lbs + 8.33A lbs
Volume of Materials in one sack of the cement slurry:
Weight
lbs
Absolute Vol. Factor
gals/lb
Volume
gals
Cement
94 lbs
X
0.0382
=
3.5908 gals
SSA-1
32.9 lbs
X
0.0456
=
1.5002 gals
GasStop
0.47 lbs
X
0.1009
=
0.0474 gals
CFR-3
0.282 lbs
X
0.0938
=
0.0265 gals
HR-5
0.188 lbs
X
0.0750
=
0.0141 gals
Water
8.33A
X
0.1200
=
A gals
Total Volume of Slurry = 5.1790 gals + A gals
Page 28
Slurry Density, Water Requirements, and
Yield Calculations
Density of the cement slurry:
Slurry Density =
16.0 lb/gal =
Slurry Weight
Slurry Volume
=
127.84 lbs + 8.33A lbs
5.1790 gals + A gals
127.84 lbs + 8.33A lbs
5.1790 gals + A gals
16.0 (5.1790 + A) = 127.84 + 8.33A
16.0 A – 8.33A = 127.84 - 82.864
A = 44.976 / 7.67 = 5.86 gals water per sack
Slurry Yield:
Slurry Volume (gals) X 0.1337 cuft/gal = (5.1790 + 5.86) X 0.1337cuft = 1.48 cuft/sk
Page 29
SLURRY TABLES
Neat Cement
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
Slurry Density
Lbs/Gallon
Slurry Yield
cuft/sk
Water Ratio
gals/sk
14.00
14.10
14.20
14.30
14.40
14.50
14.60
14.70
14.80
14.90
1.51
1.48
1.46
1.44
1.41
1.39
1.37
1.34
1.32
1.30
7.71
7.52
7.33
7.14
6.97
6.80
6.63
6.47
6.31
6.16
15.00
15.10
15.20
15.30
15.40
15.50
15.60
15.70
15.80
15.90
1.28
1.27
1.25
1.23
1.21
1.19
1.18
1.16
1.15
1.13
6.02
5.88
5.74
5.60
5.47
5.35
5.22
5.11
4.99
4.88
16.00
16.10
16.20
16.30
16.40
16.50
16.60
16.70
16.80
16.90
1.12
1.10
1.09
1.07
1.06
1.05
1.04
1.02
1.01
1.00
4.76
4.66
4.55
4.45
4.35
4.25
4.16
4.07
3.98
3.89
17.00
17.10
17.20
17.30
17.40
17.50
0.99
0.98
0.97
0.96
0.94
0.93
3.80
3.72
3.63
3.55
3.48
3.40
Page 30
35% SSA-1 (BWOC) Added to
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
Slurry Density
Lbs/Gallon
15.00
15.10
15.20
15.30
15.40
15.50
15.60
15.70
15.80
15.90
16.00
16.10
16.20
16.30
16.40
16.50
Slurry Yield
cuft/sk
1.69
1.67
1.64
1.62
1.60
1.58
1.55
1.53
1.51
1.49
1.47
1.45
1.44
1.42
1.40
1.38
Water Ratio
gals/sk
7.58
7.39
7.21
7.03
6.86
6.69
6.53
6.37
6.22
6.07
5.92
5.78
5.64
5.51
5.38
5.25
35% SSA-2 (BWOC) Added to
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
Slurry Density
Slurry Yield
Water Ratio
Lbs/Gallon
cuft/sk
gals/sk
16.00
1.47
5.92
16.10
1.45
5.78
16.20
1.44
5.64
16.30
1.42
5.51
16.40
1.40
5.38
16.50
1.38
5.25
16.60
1.37
5.13
16.70
1.35
5.00
16.80
1.33
4.88
16.90
1.32
4.77
17.00
1.30
4.65
17.10
1.29
4.54
17.20
1.27
4.43
17.30
1.26
4.33
17.40
1.25
4.22
17.50
1.23
4.12
17.60
1.22
4.02
17.70
1.21
3.93
17.80
1.19
3.83
17.90
1.18
3.74
Page 31
Hi-Dense #4 (10 lbs/sk) Added to
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
Slurry Density
Lbs/Gallon
Slurry Yield
cuft/sk
Water Ratio Hi-Dense Conc.
gals/sk
Lbs/sk
16.50
16.60
16.70
16.80
16.90
1.19
1.18
1.16
1.15
1.14
5.01
4.90
4.80
4.70
4.60
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
17.00
17.10
17.20
17.30
17.40
17.50
17.60
17.70
1.12
1.11
1.10
1.08
1.07
1.06
1.05
1.04
4.50
4.41
4.31
4.22
4.13
4.05
3.96
3.88
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
Hi-Dense #4 (15 lbs/sk) Added to
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
Slurry Density
Lbs/Gallon
Slurry Yield
cuft/sk
Water Ratio Hi-Dense Conc.
gals/sk
Lbs/sk
16.50
16.60
16.70
16.80
16.90
1.25
1.23
1.22
1.20
1.19
5.39
5.28
5.17
5.06
4.95
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
17.00
17.10
17.20
17.30
17.40
17.50
17.60
17.70
17.80
17.90
1.18
1.16
1.15
1.14
1.12
1.11
1.10
1.09
1.08
1.07
4.85
4.75
4.65
4.56
4.46
4.37
4.28
4.20
4.11
4.03
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
18.00
1.06
3.94
15.00
Page 32
Hi-Dense #4 (20 lbs/sk) Added to
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
Slurry Density Slurry Yield
Water Ratio Hi-Dense Conc.
Lbs/Gallon
cuft/sk
gals/sk
Lbs/sk
16.50
1.32
5.77
20.00
16.60
1.30
5.65
20.00
16.70
1.28
5.53
20.00
16.80
1.27
5.42
20.00
16.90
1.25
5.31
20.00
17.00
1.24
5.20
20.00
17.10
1.23
5.10
20.00
17.20
1.21
4.99
20.00
17.30
1.20
4.89
20.00
17.40
1.18
4.79
20.00
17.50
1.17
4.70
20.00
17.60
1.16
4.60
20.00
17.70
1.15
4.51
20.00
17.80
1.13
4.42
20.00
17.90
1.12
4.33
20.00
18.00
1.11
4.25
20.00
18.10
1.10
4.16
20.00
18.20
1.09
4.08
20.00
Hi-Dense #4 (25 lbs/sk) Added to
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
Slurry Density Slurry Yield
Lbs/Gallon
cuft/sk
17.00
1.30
17.10
1.29
17.20
1.27
17.30
1.26
17.40
1.24
17.50
1.23
17.60
1.22
17.70
1.21
17.80
1.19
17.90
1.18
18.00
1.17
18.10
1.16
18.20
1.14
18.30
1.13
18.40
1.12
18.50
1.11
18.60
1.10
Water Ratio
gals/sk
5.55
5.44
5.33
5.23
5.12
5.02
4.92
4.83
4.73
4.64
4.55
4.46
4.37
4.28
4.20
4.12
4.04
Hi-Dense Conc.
Lbs/sk
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
Page 33
35% SSA-2 (BWOC) + 10 lbs/sk Hi-Dense
Added to Class G or H Cements
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
Slurry Density
Lbs/Gallon
Slurry Yield
cuft/sk
Water Ratio Hi-Dense Conc.
gals/sk
Lbs/sk
16.50
16.60
16.70
16.80
16.90
1.52
1.50
1.48
1.46
1.45
6.03
5.89
5.76
5.63
5.50
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
17.00
17.10
17.20
17.30
17.40
17.50
17.60
17.70
17.80
17.90
1.43
1.41
1.40
1.38
1.37
1.35
1.34
1.32
1.31
1.30
5.37
5.25
5.13
5.02
4.90
4.79
4.68
4.58
4.47
4.37
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
18.00
18.10
18.20
18.30
18.40
1.28
1.27
1.26
1.24
1.23
4.27
4.17
4.07
3.98
3.89
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
Page 34
35% SSA-2 (BWOC) + 15 lbs/sk Hi-Dense
Added to Class G or H Cements
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
Slurry Density
Lbs/Gallon
Slurry Yield Water Ratio Hi-Dense Conc.
cuft/sk
gals/sk
Lbs/sk
17.00
17.10
17.20
17.30
17.40
17.50
17.60
17.70
17.80
17.90
1.49
1.48
1.46
1.44
1.43
1.41
1.40
1.38
1.37
1.35
5.72
5.60
5.47
5.35
5.23
5.12
5.00
4.89
4.78
4.68
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
18.00
18.10
18.20
18.30
18.40
18.50
1.34
1.33
1.31
1.30
1.29
1.27
4.57
4.47
4.37
4.27
4.17
4.08
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
Page 35
35% SSA-2 (BWOC) + 20 lbs/sk Hi-Dense
Added to Class G or H Cements
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
Slurry Density Slurry Yield Water Ratio Hi-Dense Conc.
Lbs/Gallon
cuft/sk
gals/sk
Lbs/sk
17.00
1.55
6.05
20.00
17.10
1.54
5.92
20.00
17.20
1.52
5.79
20.00
17.30
1.50
5.67
20.00
17.40
1.49
5.54
20.00
17.50
1.47
5.42
20.00
17.60
1.45
5.30
20.00
17.70
1.44
5.19
20.00
17.80
1.42
5.07
20.00
17.90
1.41
4.96
20.00
18.00
1.39
4.85
20.00
18.10
1.38
4.75
20.00
18.20
1.37
4.64
20.00
18.30
1.35
4.54
20.00
18.40
1.34
4.44
20.00
18.50
1.33
4.34
20.00
18.60
1.31
4.25
20.00
18.70
1.30
4.15
20.00
18.80
1.29
4.06
20.00
18.90
1.27
3.97
20.00
35% SSA-2 (BWOC) + 25 lbs/sk Hi-Dense
Added to Class G or H Cements
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
Slurry Density
Lbs/Gallon
Slurry Yield
cuft/sk
17.50
17.60
17.70
17.80
17.90
18.00
18.10
18.20
18.30
18.40
18.50
18.60
18.70
18.80
18.90
19.00
1.53
1.51
1.50
1.48
1.47
1.45
1.44
1.42
1.41
1.39
1.38
1.37
1.35
1.34
1.33
1.32
Water Ratio Hi-Dense Conc.
gals/sk
Lbs/sk
5.77
5.64
5.52
5.40
5.29
5.18
5.06
4.96
4.85
4.74
4.64
4.54
4.44
4.35
4.25
4.16
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
Page 36
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
Slurry Density
Lbs/Gallon
Slurry Yield
cuft/sk
Water Ratio
gals/sk
14.00
14.10
14.20
14.30
14.40
14.50
14.60
14.70
14.80
14.90
1.51
1.48
1.46
1.44
1.41
1.39
1.37
1.34
1.32
1.30
7.71
7.52
7.33
7.14
6.97
6.80
6.63
6.47
6.31
6.16
15.00
15.10
15.20
15.30
15.40
15.50
15.60
15.70
15.80
15.90
1.28
1.27
1.25
1.23
1.21
1.19
1.18
1.16
1.15
1.13
6.02
5.88
5.74
5.60
5.47
5.35
5.22
5.11
4.99
4.88
16.00
16.10
16.20
16.30
16.40
16.50
16.60
16.70
16.80
16.90
1.12
1.10
1.09
1.07
1.06
1.05
1.04
1.02
1.01
1.00
4.76
4.66
4.55
4.45
4.35
4.25
4.16
4.07
3.98
3.89
17.00
17.10
17.20
17.30
17.40
17.50
0.99
0.98
0.97
0.96
0.94
0.93
3.80
3.72
3.63
3.55
3.48
3.40
Page 37
3% Salt (BWOW) Added to
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
Slurry Density
Lbs/Gallon
Slurry Yield
cuft/sk
Water Ratio
gals/sk
Salt Conc.
Lbs/sk
14.00
14.10
14.20
14.30
14.40
14.50
14.60
14.70
14.80
14.90
1.54
1.52
1.49
1.46
1.44
1.41
1.39
1.37
1.35
1.33
7.88
7.68
7.48
7.29
7.10
6.93
6.75
6.59
6.43
6.27
1.97
1.92
1.87
1.82
1.78
1.73
1.69
1.65
1.61
1.57
15.00
15.10
15.20
15.30
15.40
15.50
15.60
15.70
15.80
15.90
1.31
1.29
1.27
1.25
1.23
1.21
1.20
1.18
1.16
1.15
6.12
5.97
5.83
5.69
5.56
5.43
5.30
5.18
5.06
4.94
1.53
1.49
1.46
1.42
1.39
1.36
1.32
1.29
1.26
1.24
16.00
16.10
16.20
16.30
16.40
16.50
16.60
16.70
16.80
16.90
1.13
1.12
1.10
1.09
1.07
1.06
1.05
1.03
1.02
1.01
4.83
4.72
4.61
4.51
4.40
4.31
4.21
4.11
4.02
3.93
1.21
1.18
1.15
1.13
1.10
1.08
1.05
1.03
1.00
0.98
17.00
17.10
17.20
17.30
17.40
17.50
17.60
17.70
17.80
17.90
1.00
0.99
0.98
0.96
0.95
0.94
0.93
0.92
0.91
0.90
3.84
3.76
3.67
3.59
3.51
3.43
3.35
3.28
3.21
3.13
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.90
0.88
0.86
0.84
0.82
0.80
0.78
Page 38
5% Salt (BWOW) Added to
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
Slurry Density
Lbs/Gallon
Slurry Yield
cuft/sk
Water Ratio
gals/sk
Salt Conc.
Lbs/sk
14.00
14.10
14.20
14.30
14.40
14.50
14.60
14.70
14.80
14.90
1.57
1.54
1.51
1.48
1.46
1.43
1.41
1.39
1.36
1.34
8.01
7.80
7.59
7.40
7.21
7.03
6.85
6.68
6.51
6.35
3.34
3.25
3.16
3.08
3.00
2.93
2.85
2.78
2.71
2.65
15.00
15.10
15.20
15.30
15.40
15.50
15.60
15.70
15.80
15.90
1.32
1.30
1.28
1.26
1.24
1.23
1.21
1.19
1.17
1.16
6.20
6.05
5.90
5.76
5.62
5.49
5.36
5.24
5.11
4.99
2.58
2.52
2.46
2.40
2.34
2.29
2.23
2.18
2.13
2.08
16.00
16.10
16.20
16.30
16.40
16.50
16.60
16.70
16.80
16.90
1.14
1.13
1.11
1.10
1.08
1.07
1.06
1.04
1.03
1.02
4.88
4.77
4.66
4.55
4.45
4.34
4.25
4.15
4.06
3.96
2.03
1.99
1.94
1.90
1.85
1.81
1.77
1.73
1.69
1.65
17.00
17.10
17.20
17.30
17.40
17.50
17.60
17.70
17.80
17.90
1.01
0.99
0.98
0.97
0.96
0.95
0.94
0.93
0.92
0.91
3.87
3.79
3.70
3.62
3.54
3.46
3.38
3.30
3.23
3.16
1.61
1.58
1.54
1.51
1.47
1.44
1.41
1.38
1.34
1.31
Page 39
10% Salt (BWOW) Added to
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
Slurry Density
Lbs/Gallon
Slurry Yield
cuft/sk
Water Ratio
gals/sk
Salt Conc.
Lbs/sk
14.00
14.10
14.20
14.30
14.40
14.50
14.60
14.70
14.80
14.90
1.62
1.59
1.56
1.53
1.50
1.48
1.45
1.43
1.40
1.38
8.28
8.05
7.83
7.63
7.42
7.23
7.04
6.86
6.69
6.52
6.89
6.71
6.53
6.35
6.18
6.02
5.87
5.72
5.57
5.43
15.00
15.10
15.20
15.30
15.40
15.50
15.60
15.70
15.80
15.90
1.36
1.33
1.31
1.29
1.27
1.25
1.24
1.22
1.20
1.18
6.36
6.20
6.04
5.90
5.75
5.61
5.48
5.35
5.22
5.09
5.29
5.16
5.03
4.91
4.79
4.68
4.56
4.45
4.35
4.24
16.00
16.10
16.20
16.30
16.40
16.50
16.60
16.70
16.80
16.90
1.17
1.15
1.13
1.12
1.10
1.09
1.08
1.06
1.05
1.04
4.97
4.86
4.74
4.63
4.52
4.42
4.32
4.22
4.12
4.03
4.14
4.05
3.95
3.86
3.77
3.68
3.60
3.51
3.43
3.35
17.00
17.10
17.20
17.30
17.40
17.50
17.60
17.70
17.80
17.90
1.02
1.01
1.00
0.99
0.97
0.96
0.95
0.94
0.93
0.92
3.93
3.84
3.75
3.67
3.58
3.50
3.42
3.34
3.27
3.19
3.28
3.20
3.13
3.06
2.99
2.92
2.85
2.79
2.72
2.66
Page 40
18% Salt (BWOW) Added to
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
Slurry Density
Lbs/Gallon
Slurry Yield
cuft/sk
Water Ratio
gals/sk
Salt Conc.
Lbs/sk
14.00
14.10
14.20
14.30
14.40
14.50
14.60
14.70
14.80
14.90
1.71
1.68
1.64
1.61
1.58
1.55
1.52
1.49
1.47
1.44
8.70
8.45
8.21
7.98
7.76
7.54
7.34
7.14
6.95
6.77
13.04
12.66
12.30
11.96
11.63
11.31
11.00
10.71
10.42
10.15
15.00
15.10
15.20
15.30
15.40
15.50
15.60
15.70
15.80
15.90
1.41
1.39
1.37
1.34
1.32
1.30
1.28
1.26
1.24
1.22
6.59
6.42
6.25
6.10
5.94
5.79
5.65
5.51
5.37
5.24
9.88
9.63
9.38
9.14
8.91
8.68
8.47
8.26
8.05
7.85
16.00
16.10
16.20
16.30
16.40
16.50
16.60
16.70
16.80
16.90
1.20
1.19
1.17
1.15
1.14
1.12
1.11
1.09
1.08
1.06
5.11
4.99
4.87
4.75
4.63
4.52
4.42
4.31
4.21
4.11
7.66
7.48
7.30
7.12
6.95
6.78
6.62
6.46
6.31
6.16
17.00
17.10
17.20
17.30
17.40
17.50
17.60
17.70
17.80
17.90
1.05
1.04
1.02
1.01
1.00
0.99
0.97
0.96
0.95
0.94
4.01
3.92
3.83
3.74
3.65
3.56
3.48
3.40
3.32
3.24
6.02
5.88
5.74
5.60
5.47
5.34
5.22
5.10
4.98
4.86
Page 41
36% Salt (BWOW) Added to
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
Slurry Density
Lbs/Gallon
Slurry Yield
cuft/sk
Water Ratio
gals/sk
Salt Conc.
Lbs/sk
14.00
14.10
14.20
14.30
14.40
14.50
14.60
14.70
14.80
14.90
1.94
1.89
1.85
1.81
1.76
1.73
1.69
1.65
1.62
1.58
9.64
9.33
9.03
8.75
8.48
8.22
7.97
7.73
7.51
7.29
28.91
27.97
27.08
26.23
25.42
24.64
23.90
23.19
22.51
21.86
15.00
15.10
15.20
15.30
15.40
15.50
15.60
15.70
15.80
15.90
1.55
1.52
1.49
1.47
1.44
1.41
1.39
1.36
1.34
1.32
7.08
6.88
6.68
6.50
6.32
6.15
5.98
5.82
5.67
5.52
21.23
20.63
20.05
19.49
18.95
18.44
17.94
17.46
16.99
16.54
16.00
16.10
16.20
16.30
16.40
16.50
16.60
16.70
16.80
16.90
1.29
1.27
1.25
1.23
1.21
1.19
1.18
1.16
1.14
1.13
5.37
5.23
5.10
4.96
4.84
4.71
4.60
4.48
4.37
4.26
16.11
15.69
15.28
14.89
14.51
14.14
13.78
13.43
13.10
12.77
17.00
17.10
17.20
17.30
17.40
17.50
17.60
17.70
17.80
17.90
1.11
1.09
1.08
1.06
1.05
1.04
1.02
1.01
1.00
0.98
4.15
4.05
3.95
3.85
3.76
3.66
3.57
3.49
3.40
3.32
12.45
12.14
11.84
11.55
11.26
10.99
10.72
10.46
10.20
9.95
Page 42
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
74 lb/sk Pozmix
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
50/50 Poz Cement with No Bentonite
Slurry Density
Lbs/Gallon
Slurry Yield
cuft/sk
Water Ratio
gals/sk
14.00
14.10
14.20
14.30
14.40
14.50
14.60
14.70
14.80
14.90
1.27
1.25
1.23
1.21
1.19
1.17
1.15
1.13
1.12
1.10
5.93
5.77
5.61
5.45
5.30
5.16
5.02
4.89
4.75
4.63
15.00
15.10
15.20
15.30
15.40
15.50
15.60
15.70
15.80
15.90
1.08
1.07
1.05
1.04
1.02
1.01
0.99
0.98
0.97
0.95
4.50
4.38
4.27
4.16
4.05
3.94
3.84
3.73
3.64
3.54
16.00
16.10
16.20
16.30
16.40
0.94
0.93
0.92
0.91
0.90
3.45
3.36
3.27
3.18
3.10
Page 43
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
74 lb/sk Pozmix
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
50/50 Poz Cement with 2% Bentonite
Slurry Density
Lbs/Gallon
Slurry Yield
cuft/sk
Water Ratio
gals/sk
13.00
13.10
13.20
13.30
13.40
13.50
13.60
13.70
13.80
13.90
1.58
1.54
1.51
1.48
1.45
1.42
1.40
1.37
1.35
1.32
8.12
7.87
7.64
7.41
7.19
6.98
6.78
6.58
6.40
6.22
14.00
14.10
14.20
14.30
14.40
14.50
14.60
14.70
14.80
14.90
1.30
1.28
1.25
1.23
1.21
1.19
1.17
1.16
1.14
1.12
6.04
5.87
5.71
5.55
5.40
5.25
5.11
4.97
4.84
4.71
15.00
15.10
15.20
15.30
15.40
1.10
1.09
1.07
1.06
1.04
4.58
4.46
4.34
4.23
4.12
Page 44
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
74 lb/sk Pozmix
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
50/50 Poz Cement with 4% Bentonite
Slurry Density
Lbs/Gallon
Slurry Yield
cuft/sk
Water Ratio
gals/sk
12.50
12.60
12.70
12.80
12.90
1.80
1.76
1.72
1.68
1.64
9.71
9.39
9.09
8.81
8.53
13.00
13.10
13.20
13.30
13.40
13.50
13.60
13.70
13.80
13.90
1.61
1.57
1.54
1.51
1.48
1.45
1.42
1.40
1.37
1.35
8.27
8.02
7.78
7.54
7.32
7.11
6.90
6.70
6.51
6.33
14.00
14.10
14.20
14.30
14.40
14.50
14.60
14.70
14.80
14.90
1.32
1.30
1.28
1.26
1.24
1.22
1.20
1.18
1.16
1.14
6.15
5.98
5.81
5.65
5.50
5.35
5.20
5.06
4.93
4.79
Page 45
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
74 lb/sk Pozmix
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
50/50 Poz Cement with 6% Bentonite
Slurry Density
Lbs/Gallon
Slurry Yield
cuft/sk
Water Ratio
gals/sk
12.50
12.60
12.70
12.80
12.90
1.83
1.79
1.75
1.71
1.67
9.88
9.56
9.26
8.96
8.68
13.00
13.10
13.20
13.30
13.40
13.50
13.60
13.70
13.80
13.90
1.64
1.60
1.57
1.54
1.51
1.48
1.45
1.42
1.40
1.37
8.42
8.16
7.91
7.68
7.45
7.23
7.02
6.82
6.63
6.44
14.00
14.10
14.20
14.30
14.40
14.50
14.60
14.70
14.80
14.90
1.35
1.32
1.30
1.28
1.26
1.24
1.22
1.20
1.18
1.16
6.26
6.08
5.91
5.75
5.59
5.44
5.29
5.15
5.01
4.88
Page 46
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
74 lb/sk Pozmix
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
50/50 Poz Cement with 8% Bentonite
Slurry Density
Lbs/Gallon
Slurry Yield
cuft/sk
Water Ratio
gals/sk
12.00
12.10
12.20
12.30
12.40
12.50
12.60
12.70
12.80
12.90
2.12
2.06
2.01
1.96
1.91
1.87
1.82
1.78
1.74
1.70
11.96
11.54
11.14
10.76
10.40
10.06
9.73
9.42
9.12
8.84
13.00
13.10
13.20
13.30
13.40
13.50
13.60
13.70
13.80
13.90
1.67
1.63
1.60
1.57
1.54
1.51
1.48
1.45
1.42
1.40
8.56
8.30
8.05
7.81
7.58
7.36
7.15
6.94
6.74
6.55
14.00
14.10
14.20
14.30
14.40
1.37
1.35
1.33
1.30
1.28
6.37
6.19
6.02
5.85
5.69
Page 47
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
74 lb/sk Pozmix
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
65% Cement / 35% Poz with 6% Bentonite
Slurry Density
Lbs/Gallon
Slurry Yield
cuft/sk
Water Ratio
gals/sk
11.50
11.60
11.70
11.80
11.90
2.54
2.47
2.39
2.32
2.26
15.19
14.61
14.06
13.55
13.06
12.00
12.10
12.20
12.30
12.40
12.50
12.60
12.70
12.80
12.90
2.20
2.14
2.08
2.03
1.98
1.93
1.89
1.84
1.80
1.76
12.60
12.16
11.75
11.36
10.98
10.63
10.29
9.97
9.66
9.36
13.00
13.10
13.20
13.30
13.40
13.50
13.60
13.70
13.80
13.90
1.73
1.69
1.66
1.62
1.59
1.56
1.53
1.50
1.47
1.45
9.08
8.81
8.55
8.30
8.06
7.83
7.61
7.40
7.19
6.99
14.00
14.10
14.20
14.30
14.40
14.50
14.60
1.42
1.40
1.37
1.35
1.33
1.31
1.29
6.80
6.62
6.44
6.27
6.10
5.94
5.79
Page 48
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
74 lb/sk Pozmix
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
65% Cement / 35% Poz with 6% Bentonite and 3% Salt
Slurry Density Slurry Yield
Lbs/Gallon
cuft/sk
Water Ratio
gals/sk
Salt Conc.
lbs/sk
11.50
11.60
11.70
11.80
11.90
2.60
2.52
2.44
2.37
2.30
15.45
14.85
14.28
13.74
13.24
3.86
3.71
3.57
3.43
3.31
12.00
12.10
12.20
12.30
12.40
12.50
12.60
12.70
12.80
12.90
2.24
2.18
2.12
2.06
2.01
1.96
1.92
1.87
1.83
1.79
12.77
12.32
11.89
11.49
11.10
10.74
10.39
10.06
9.74
9.44
3.19
3.08
2.97
2.87
2.77
2.68
2.60
2.51
2.43
2.36
13.00
13.10
13.20
13.30
13.40
13.50
13.60
13.70
13.80
13.90
1.75
1.71
1.68
1.64
1.61
1.58
1.55
1.52
1.49
1.46
9.15
8.88
8.61
8.36
8.11
7.88
7.65
7.44
7.23
7.03
2.29
2.22
2.15
2.09
2.03
1.97
1.91
1.86
1.81
1.76
14.00
14.10
14.20
14.30
14.40
14.50
14.60
1.44
1.41
1.39
1.36
1.34
1.32
1.30
6.83
6.65
6.47
6.29
6.12
5.96
5.80
1.71
1.66
1.62
1.57
1.53
1.49
1.45
Page 49
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
74 lb/sk Pozmix
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
65% Cement / 35% Poz + 6% Bentonite + 10 lb/sk Gilsonite
Slurry Density
Lbs/Gallon
Slurry Yield
cuft/sk
Water Ratio
gals/sk
11.50
11.60
11.70
11.80
11.90
2.57
2.49
2.42
2.35
2.28
14.27
13.69
13.13
12.61
12.12
12.00
12.10
12.20
12.30
12.40
12.50
12.60
12.70
12.80
12.90
2.22
2.16
2.11
2.05
2.00
1.95
1.91
1.86
1.82
1.78
11.66
11.21
10.80
10.40
10.02
9.66
9.32
8.99
8.68
8.38
13.00
13.10
13.20
13.30
13.40
13.50
13.60
13.70
13.80
13.90
1.74
1.71
1.67
1.64
1.61
1.58
1.55
1.52
1.49
1.46
8.10
7.82
7.56
7.31
7.07
6.84
6.61
6.40
6.19
5.99
14.00
14.10
14.20
14.30
14.40
14.50
14.60
1.44
1.41
1.39
1.36
1.34
1.32
1.30
5.80
5.61
5.43
5.26
5.09
4.93
4.77
Page 50
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
74 lb/sk Pozmix
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
85% Cement / 15% Poz with 8% Bentonite
Slurry Density
Lbs/Gallon
Slurry Yield
cuft/sk
Water Ratio
gals/sk
11.00
11.10
11.20
11.30
11.40
11.50
11.60
11.70
11.80
11.90
3.28
3.17
3.06
2.95
2.86
2.77
2.68
2.60
2.53
2.46
20.65
19.76
18.94
18.17
17.45
16.77
16.14
15.54
14.98
14.45
12.00
12.10
12.20
12.30
12.40
12.50
12.60
12.70
12.80
12.90
2.39
2.33
2.27
2.21
2.15
2.10
2.05
2.01
1.96
1.92
13.95
13.48
13.03
12.60
12.20
11.81
11.44
11.09
10.75
10.43
13.00
13.10
13.20
13.30
13.40
13.50
13.60
13.70
13.80
13.90
1.88
1.84
1.80
1.76
1.73
1.70
1.66
1.63
1.60
1.57
10.13
9.83
9.55
9.28
9.02
8.77
8.53
8.29
8.07
7.86
14.00
14.10
1.55
1.52
7.65
7.45
Page 51
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
74 lb/sk Pozmix
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
85% Cement / 15% Poz with 8% Bentonite and 3% Salt
Slurry Density Slurry Yield
Lbs/Gallon
cuft/sk
Water Ratio
gals/sk
Salt Conc.
lbs/sk
11.00
11.10
11.20
11.30
11.40
11.50
11.60
11.70
11.80
11.90
3.38
3.25
3.14
3.03
2.93
2.83
2.74
2.66
2.58
2.51
21.12
20.18
19.32
18.51
17.76
17.06
16.40
15.78
15.20
14.66
5.28
5.04
4.83
4.63
4.44
4.26
4.10
3.94
3.80
3.66
12.00
12.10
12.20
12.30
12.40
12.50
12.60
12.70
12.80
12.90
2.44
2.37
2.31
2.25
2.19
2.14
2.09
2.04
1.99
1.95
14.14
13.65
13.19
12.75
12.33
11.93
11.55
11.19
10.85
10.52
3.53
3.41
3.30
3.19
3.08
2.98
2.89
2.80
2.71
2.63
13.00
13.10
13.20
13.30
13.40
13.50
13.60
13.70
13.80
13.90
1.90
1.86
1.82
1.79
1.75
1.72
1.68
1.65
1.62
1.59
10.21
9.91
9.62
9.34
9.08
8.82
8.58
8.34
8.11
7.89
2.55
2.48
2.40
2.33
2.27
2.20
2.14
2.08
2.03
1.97
14.00
14.10
1.56
1.54
7.68
7.48
1.92
1.87
Page 52
Class A, C, G, or H Cements
74 lb/sk Pozmix
Mixed With Fresh Water
Commonly Applied Slurry Properties
85% Cement / 15% Poz + 8% Bentonite + 10 lb/sk Gilsonite
Slurry Density
Lbs/Gallon
Slurry Yield
cuft/sk
Water Ratio
gals/sk
11.00
11.10
11.20
11.30
11.40
11.50
11.60
11.70
11.80
11.90
3.32
3.20
3.09
2.98
2.89
2.79
2.71
2.63
2.55
2.48
19.77
18.88
18.04
17.26
16.54
15.86
15.22
14.62
14.05
13.52
12.00
12.10
12.20
12.30
12.40
12.50
12.60
12.70
12.80
12.90
2.41
2.35
2.29
2.23
2.18
2.12
2.07
2.03
1.98
1.94
13.01
12.53
12.08
11.65
11.24
10.84
10.47
10.12
9.78
9.45
13.00
13.10
13.20
13.30
13.40
13.50
13.60
13.70
13.80
13.90
1.90
1.86
1.82
1.78
1.75
1.71
1.68
1.65
1.62
1.59
9.14
8.85
8.56
8.29
8.02
7.77
7.53
7.29
7.07
6.85
14.00
14.10
1.56
1.54
6.64
6.44
Page 53
ENGLISH UNITS
EQUATIONS FOR MAKING
FLOW CALCULATIONS
1. DISPLACEMENT VELOCITY
where,
For annulus
where,
V
Qb
Qcf
D
D2
DO
DI
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
For annulus
NRe
V
ρ
n'
K'
D
D
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
17.157 Qb
D2
3.056 Qcf
=
D2
velocity, ft. per sec.
pumping rate, bbls, per min.
pumping rate, cu. ft. per min.
inside dia. of pipe, inches.
DO2 – DI2
outer pipe inside dia. or hole size, in.
inner pipe outside dia., in.
2. REYNOLDS NUMBER
where,
V=
NRe =
1.86 V (2-n’) ρ
K’ (96/D)n’
Reynolds Number, dimensionless.
velocity, ft. per sec.
slurry density, lbs. per gal.
flow behaviour index, dimensionless.
consistency index, lbs.-sec.n' per sq. ft.
inside dia. of pipe, in.
D O – DI
3. FRICTIONAL PRESSURE DROP
∆P f =
0.039 L ρ V2ƒ
D
∆ P f = friction pressure drop, psi.
L = length of pipe, ft.
ρ = slurry density, lbs. per gal.
V = velocity, ft. per sec.
f = friction factor, dimensionless.
D = inside dia. of pipe, in.
For annulus,
D = D O – DI
3a. Turbulent Friction Factor for slurries containing no bentonite.
f = 0.0303/NRe0.1612
3b. Turbulent Friction Factor for slurries containing bentonite.
f = 0.00454 + 0.645/NRe0.7
3c. Plug and Laminar Friction Factor f = 16/NRe
where,
4. VELOCITY AT SOME SPECIFIC REYNOLDS NUMBER
For generalized calculations:
NRe for Plug Flow = 100 (maximum)
NRe for for Turbulence = 3000
NRe K’ (96/D)n’
V=
1.86 ρ
(
where,
For annulus
where,
V
K'
n'
ρ
D
NRe
D
D0
D1
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
)
1
2-n’
velocity, ft. per sec.
consistency index, lb.-sec.n' per sq. ft.
flow behaviour index, dimensionless.
slurry density, lbs. per gal.
inside diamete of pipe, in.
specified Reynolds No., dimensionless.
D O – DI
outer pipe inside dia. or hole size, in.
inner pipe outside dia., in.
5. HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
Ph = .05195ρH
where,
Ph = hydrostatic pressure, psi.
ρ = fluid density, lbs. per gal.
H = height of column, ft.
Page 54
METRIC UNITS
EQUATIONS FOR MAKING
FLOW CALCULATIONS
1. DISPLACEMENT VELOCITY
where,
For annulus,
where,
2.
=
=
=
=
=
=
REYNOLDS NUMBER
where,
For annulus
3.
V
Q
D
D2
DO
D1
NRe
V
ρ
n'
K'
D
D
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
V=
D
velocity, m per s.
pumping rate, m3 per min.
inside diameter of pipe, mm.
DO2 – DI2
outer pipe inside diameter or hole size, mm.
inner pipe outside diameter, mm.
8 V (2-n’) ρ
NRe = K’ 8000 n’
Reynolds Number, dimensionless.
D
velocity, m. per sec.
slurry density, kg. per m3.
flow behaviour index, dimensionless.
consistency index, Pa-sn'.
inside diameter of pipe, mm.
D O– D I
( )
FRICTIONAL PRESSURE DROP
where,
For annulus,
Pf
L
ρ
V
ƒ
D
D
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
21221 Q
∆P f =
2 L ρ V2ƒ
friction pressure drop, kPa.
length of pipe, m.
density of slurry, kg/m3.
velocity, m/s.
friction factor, dimensionless.
inside diameter of pipe, mm.
D O– D I
D
3a. Turbulent Friction Factor for slurries containing no bentonite.
ƒ = 0.0303/NRe0.1612
3b. Turbulent Friction Factor for slurries containing bentonite.
f = 0.00454 + 0.645/NRe0.7
3c. Plug and Laminar Friction Factor
4.
f = 16/NRe0.7
VELOCITY AT SOME SPECIFIC REYNOLDS NUMBER
For generalized calculations:
NRe for Plug Flow = 100 (maximum)
1
NRe for Turbulence = 3000
NRe K’ (8000/D)n’ 2-n’
V=
8ρ
(
where,
For annulus
5.
V
K'
n'
ρ
D
NRe
D
D0
D1
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
)
velocity, ft. per sec.
consistency index Pa-sn'.
flow behaviour index, dimensionless.
slurry density, kg per m3.
inside diameter of pipe, mm.
specified Reynolds No., dimensionless.
D O– D I
outer pipe inside diameter or hole size, mm.
inner pipe outside diameter, mm.
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
where, Ph = hydrostatic pressure, kPa.
ρ
= fluid density, kg/m3.
H = height of column, m.
Ph = .00981ρH
Page 55
ENGLISH UNITS
SAND (20-40 MESH) FILL-UP IN CASING
Weight
lb/ft
ID
in.
Capacity
ft3/ft
Capacity
ft/ft3
Pounds
Sand per
Linear Foot
Linear Feet per
Per Pound
of Sand
9.50
10.50
11.60
13.50
4.090
4.052
4.000
3.920
0.0912
0.0896
0.0873
0.0838
10.9604
11.1669
11.4592
11.9316
9.7259
9.5460
9.3026
8.9342
0.1028
0.1048
0.1075
0.1119
5
11.50
13.00
15.00
18.00
21.00
4.560
4.494
4.408
4.276
4.154
0.1134
0.1102
0.1060
0.0997
0.0941
8.8174
9.0783
9.4360
10.0276
10.6253
12.0897
11.7422
11.2971
10.6307
10.0327
0.0827
0.0852
0.0885
0.0941
0.0997
5½
13.00
14.00
15.00
15.50
17.00
20.00
23.00
5.044
5.012
4.974
4.950
4.892
4.778
4.670
0.1388
0.1370
0.1349
0.1336
0.1305
0.1245
0.1189
7.2065
7.2988
7.4107
7.4828
7.6613
8.0312
8.4070
14.7923
14.6052
14.3845
14.2461
13.9142
13.2732
12.6800
0.0676
0.0685
0.0695
0.0702
0.0719
0.0753
0.0789
17.00
20.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
29.00
30.00
32.00
34.00
35.00
38.00
40.00
6.538
6.456
6.398
6.366
6.336
6.276
6.214
6.184
6.154
6.094
6.040
6.004
5.920
5.836
0.2331
0.2273
0.2233
0.2210
0.2190
0.2148
0.2106
0.2086
0.2066
0.2026
0.1990
0.1966
0.1911
0.1858
4.2893
4.3989
4.4790
4.5242
4.5671
4.6549
4.7482
4.7944
4.8413
4.9371
5.0257
5.0862
5.2315
5.3832
24.8527
24.2332
23.7998
23.5623
23.3408
22.9008
22.4506
22.2343
22.0191
21.5918
21.2109
20.9588
20.3764
19.8023
0.0402
0.0413
0.0420
0.0424
0.0428
0.0437
0.0445
0.0450
0.0454
0.0463
0.0471
0.0477
0.0491
0.0505
7-5/8
20.00
24.00
26.40
29.70
33.70
39.00
43.50
7.125
7.025
6.969
6.875
6.765
6.625
6.435
0.2769
0.2692
0.2649
0.2578
0.2496
0.2394
0.2259
3.6116
3.7152
3.7751
3.8791
4.0062
4.1773
4.4277
29.5158
28.6931
28.2375
27.4808
26.6085
25.5186
24.0759
0.0339
0.0349
0.0354
0.0364
0.0376
0.0392
0.0415
8-5/8
24.00
28.00
32.00
36.00
38.00
40.00
43.00
44.00
49.00
8.097
8.017
7.921
7.825
7.775
7.725
7.651
7.625
7.511
0.3576
0.3506
0.3422
0.3340
0.3297
0.3255
0.3193
0.3171
0.3077
2.7966
2.8527
2.9222
2.9944
3.0330
3.0724
3.1321
3.1535
3.2500
38.1182
37.3687
36.4791
35.6003
35.1468
34.6962
34.0346
33.8037
32.8005
0.0262
0.0268
0.0274
0.0281
0.0285
0.0288
0.0294
0.0296
0.0305
9-5/8
29.30
32.30
36.00
38.00
40.00
43.50
47.00
53.50
58.40
61.10
71.80
9.063
9.001
8.921
8.885
8.835
8.755
8.681
8.535
8.435
8.375
8.125
0.4480
0.4419
0.4341
0.4306
0.4257
0.4181
0.4110
0.3973
0.3881
0.3826
0.3601
2.2322
2.2630
2.3038
2.3225
2.3489
2.3920
2.4329
2.5169
2.5769
2.6140
2.7773
47.7561
47.1049
46.2713
45.8986
45.3835
44.5653
43.8151
42.3537
41.3671
40.7807
38.3823
0.0209
0.0212
0.0216
0.0218
0.0220
0.0224
0.0228
0.0236
0.0242
0.0245
0.0261
Size
in.
4½
7
Page 56
METRIC UNITS
SAND (20-40 MESH) FILL-UP IN CASING
Weight
kg/m
ID
mm
Capacity
m3/m
Capacity
m/m3
Kilograms
Sand
per Meter
Meters per
Per Kilogram
of Sand
14.14
15.63
17.26
20.09
103.89
102.92
101.60
99.57
0.0085
0.0083
0.0081
0.0078
117.98
120.20
123.35
128.43
14.47
14.21
13.84
13.30
0.0691
0.0704
0.0723
0.0752
127.00
17.11
19.35
22.32
26.79
31.25
115.82
114.15
111.96
108.61
105.51
0.0105
0.0102
0.0098
0.0093
0.0087
94.91
97.72
101.57
107.94
114.37
17.99
17.47
16.81
15.82
14.93
0.0556
0.0572
0.0595
0.0632
0.0670
139.70
19.35
20.83
22.32
23.07
25.30
29.76
34.23
128.12
127.31
126.34
125.73
124.26
121.36
118.62
0.0129
0.0127
0.0125
0.0124
0.0121
0.0116
0.0110
77.57
78.56
79.77
80.54
82.47
86.45
90.49
22.01
21.73
21.41
21.20
20.71
19.75
18.87
0.0454
0.0460
0.0467
0.0471
0.0483
0.0506
0.0530
25.30
29.76
32.74
34.23
35.72
38.69
41.67
43.16
44.64
47.62
50.60
52.09
56.55
59.53
166.07
163.98
162.51
161.70
160.93
159.41
157.84
157.07
156.31
154.79
153.42
152.50
150.37
148.23
0.0217
0.0211
0.0207
0.0205
0.0203
0.0200
0.0196
0.0194
0.0192
0.0188
0.0185
0.0183
0.0178
0.0173
46.17
47.35
48.21
48.70
49.16
50.10
51.11
51.61
52.11
53.14
54.10
54.75
56.31
57.94
36.98
36.06
35.42
35.06
34.73
34.08
33.41
33.09
32.77
32.13
31.57
31.19
30.32
29.47
0.0270
0.0277
0.0282
0.0285
0.0288
0.0293
0.0299
0.0302
0.0305
0.0311
0.0317
0.0320
0.0330
0.0340
193.68
29.76
35.72
39.29
44.20
50.15
58.04
64.74
180.98
178.44
177.01
174.63
171.83
168.28
163.45
0.0257
0.0250
0.0246
0.0240
0.0232
0.0222
0.0210
38.87
39.99
40.63
41.75
43.12
44.96
47.66
43.92
42.70
42.02
40.90
39.60
37.98
35.83
0.0228
0.0234
0.0237
0.0244
0.0253
0.0263
0.0280
219.08
35.72
41.57
47.62
53.57
56.65
59.53
63.99
65.48
72.92
205.66
203.63
201.19
198.76
197.49
196.22
194.34
193.68
190.78
0.0332
0.0326
0.0318
0.0310
0.0306
0.0302
0.0297
0.0295
0.0286
30.10
30.71
31.45
32.23
32.65
33.07
33.70
33.94
34.98
56.73
55.61
54.29
52.98
52.30
51.63
50.65
50.31
48.81
0.0176
0.0180
0.0184
0.0189
0.0191
0.0194
0.0197
0.0199
0.0204
244.48
43.60
48.07
53.57
56.55
59.53
64.74
69.94
79.62
86.91
90.93
106.85
230.20
228.63
226.59
225.68
224.41
222.38
220.50
216.79
214.25
212.73
206.38
0.0416
0.0411
0.0403
0.0400
0.0395
0.0388
0.0382
0.0369
0.0361
0.0355
0.0335
24.03
24.36
24.80
25.00
25.28
25.75
26.19
27.09
27.74
28.14
29.89
71.07
70.10
68.86
68.30
67.54
66.32
65.20
63.03
61.56
60.69
57.12
0.0140
0.0143
0.0145
0.0146
0.0148
0.0150
0.0153
0.0159
0.0162
0.0165
0.0175
Size
mm
114.30
177.80
Page 57
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
DEPTH CONVERSION TABLE
FEET
3.28083
6.56
9.84
13.12
16.40
FEET OR METERS
TO BE CONVERTED
1
2
3
4
5
METERS
0.3048
0.61
0.91
1.22
1.52
19.68
22.97
26.25
29.53
32.81
6
7
8
9
10
1.83
2.13
2.44
2.74
3.05
65.62
98.42
131.23
164.04
196.85
20
30
40
50
60
6.10
9.14
12.19
15.24
18.29
229.66
262.47
295.27
328.08
656.17
70
80
90
100
200
21.34
24.38
27.43
30.48
60.96
984.25
1,312.33
1,640.42
1,968.50
2,296.58
300
400
500
600
700
91.44
121.92
152.40
182.88
213.36
2,624.66
2,952.75
3,280.83
6,561.66
9,842.49
800
900
1,000
2,000
3,000
243.84
274.32
304.80
609.60
914.40
13,123.32
16,404.15
19,684.98
22,965.81
26,246.64
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
1,219.20
1,524.00
1,828.80
2,133.60
2,438.40
29,527.47
32,808.30
49,212.45
65,616.60
82,020.75
9,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
2,743.20
3,048.00
4,572.00
6,096.00
7,620.00
Page 58
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
VOLUME CONVERSION TABLE
Gals. Converted to
Cu. Ft
Litres
Gals. or Cu. Ft
to be converted
0.13368
0.27
0.40
0.53
0.67
3.78533
7.57
11.36
15.14
18.93
0.80
0.94
1.07
1.20
1.34
22.71
26.50
30.28
34.07
37.85
2.67
4.01
5.35
6.68
8.02
9.36
10.69
12.03
13.37
26.74
1
2
3
4
5
Cu. Ft. Converted to
Gals.
Cu. Meters
7.48052
14.96
22.44
29.92
37.40
0.028317
0.0566
0.0850
0.113
0.142
6
7
8
9
10
44.88
52.36
59.84
67.32
74.81
0.170
0.198
0.227
0.255
0.283
75.71
113.56
151.41
189.27
227.12
20
30
40
50
60
149.61
224.42
299.22
374.03
448.83
0.57
0.85
1.13
1.42
1.70
264.97
302.83
340.68
378.53
757.07
70
80
90
100
200
523.64
598.44
673.25
748.05
1,496.10
1.98
2.27
2.55
2.83
5.66
40.1
53.5
66.8
80.2
93.6
1,135.6
1,514.1
1,892.7
2,271.2
2,649.7
300
400
500
600
700
2,244.2
2,992.2
3,740.3
4,488.3
5,236.4
8.5
11.3
14.2
17.0
19.8
106.9
120.3
133.7
267.4
401.0
3,028.3
3,406.8
3,785.3
7,570.7
11,356.0
800
900
1,000
2,000
3,000
5,984.4
6,732.5
7,480.5
14,961.0
22,441.6
22.7
25.5
28.3
56.6
85.0
534.7
668.4
802.1
935.8
1,069.4
15,141.3
18,926.7
22,712.0
26,497.3
30,282.6
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
29,922.1
37,402.6
44,883.1
52,363.6
59,844.2
113.3
141.6
169.9
198.2
226.5
1,203.1
1,336.8
2,005.2
2,673.6
3,342.0
34,068.0
37,853.3
56,780.0
75,706.6
94,633.3
9,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
67,324.7
74,805.2
112,207.8
149,610.4
187,013.0
254.9
283.2
424.8
566.3
707.9
Page 59
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH CONVERSION TABLE
PSI
7.25
14.5
29.0
43.5
58.0
kPa
N/cm2 or PSI
to be converted
N/cm2
kPa
50
100
200
300
400
5
10
20
30
40
3.45
6.89
13.8
20.7
27.6
34.5
68.9
138
207
276
500
600
700
800
900
50
60
70
80
90
34.5
41.4
48.3
55.2
62.1
345
414
483
552
621
145
290
435
580
725
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
100
200
300
400
500
68.9
138
207
276
345
689
1 380
2 070
2 760
3 450
870
1,020
1,160
1,310
1,450
6 000
7 000
8 000
9 000
10 000
600
700
800
900
1000
414
483
552
621
689
4 140
4 830
5 520
6 210
6 890
1,600
1,740
1,890
2,030
2,180
11 000
12 000
13 000
14 000
15 000
1,100
1200
1,300
1,400
1,500
758
827
896
965
1 030
7 580
8 270
8 960
9 650
10 300
2,320
2,470
2,610
2,760
2,900
16 000
17 000
18 000
19 000
20 000
1,600
1,700
1,800
1,900
2,000
1 100
1 170
1 240
1 310
1 380
11 000
11 700
12 400
13 100
13 800
4,350
5,800
7,250
8,700
10,200
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
2 070
2 760
3 450
4 140
4 830
20 700
27 600
34 500
41 400
48 300
11,600
13,100
14,500
21,800
29,000
80 000
90 000
100 000
150 000
200 000
8,000
9,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
5 520
6 210
6 890
10 300
13 800
55 200
62 100
68 900
103 000
138 000
72.5
87.0
102
116
131
1 N/cm2 = 10 kPa
1 N/cm2 = 1.450377 PSI
1 PSI = .6894757 N/cm2
1 PSI = 6.894757 kPa
Page 60
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLES
ºF
Reading in
ºF or ºC
to be converted
ºC
–0.4
+3.2
+6.8
+10.4
+14.0
+17.6
+19.4
+21.2
+23.0
+24.8
+26.6
+28.4
+30.2
+32.0
+33.8
+35.6
+37.4
+39.2
+41.0
+42.8
+44.6
+46.4
+48.2
+50.0
+51.8
+53.6
+55.4
+57.2
+59.0
+60.8
+62.6
+64.4
+66.2
+68.0
+69.8
+71.6
+73.4
+75.2
+77.0
+78.8
+80.6
+82.4
+84.2
+86.0
+87.8
+89.6
+91.4
+93.2
+95.0
+96.8
+98.6
+100.4
+102.2
+104.0
+105.8
+107.6
+109.4
+111.2
+113.0
+114.8
–18
–16
–14
–12
–10
–8
–7
–6
–5
–4
–3
–2
–1
±0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+16
+17
+18
+19
+20
+21
+22
+23
+24
+25
+26
+27
+28
+29
+30
+31
+32
+33
+34
+35
+36
+37
+38
+39
+40
+41
+42
+43
+44
+45
+46
–27.78
–26.67
–25.56
–24.44
–23.33
–22.22
–21.67
–21.11
–20.56
–20.00
–19.44
–18.99
–18.33
–17.78
–17.22
–16.67
–16.11
–15.56
–15.00
–14.44
–13.89
–13.33
–12.78
–12.22
–11.67
–11.11
–10.56
–10.00
–9.44
–8.89
–8.33
–7.78
–7.22
–6.67
–6.11
–5.56
–5.00
–4.44
–3.89
–3.33
–2.78
–2.22
–1.67
–1.11
–0.56
±0.00
+0.56
+1.11
+1.67
+2.22
+2.78
+3.33
+3.89
+4.44
+5.00
+5.56
+6.11
+6.67
+7.22
+7.78
ºF
+116.6
+118.4
+120.2
+122.0
+123.8
+123.8
+127.4
+129.2
+131.0
+132.8
+134.6
+136.4
+138.2
+140.0
+141.8
+143.6
+145.4
+147.2
+149.0
+150.8
+152.6
+154.4
+156.2
+158.0
+159.8
+161.6
+163.4
+165.2
+167.0
+168.8
+170.6
+172.4
+174.2
+176.0
+177.8
+179.6
+181.4
+183.2
+185.0
+186.8
+188.6
+190.4
+192.2
+194.0
+195.8
+197.6
+199.4
+201.2
+203.0
+204.8
+206.6
+208.4
+210.2
+212.0
+213.8
+215.6
+217.4
+219.2
+221.0
+222.8
Reading in
ºF or ºC
to be converted
ºC
+47
+48
+49
+50
+51
+52
+53
+54
+55
+56
+57
+58
+59
+60
+61
+62
+63
+64
+65
+66
+67
+68
+69
+70
+71
+72
+73
+74
+75
+76
+77
+78
+79
+80
+81
+82
+83
+84
+85
+86
+87
+88
+89
+90
+91
+92
+93
+94
+95
+96
+97
+98
+99
+100
+101
+102
+103
+104
+105
+106
+8.33
+8.89
+9.44
+10.00
+10.56
+11.11
+11.67
+12.22
+12.78
+13.33
+13.89
+14.44
+15.00
+15.56
+16.11
+16.67
+17.22
+17.78
+18.33
+18.89
+19.44
+20.00
+20.56
+21.11
+21.67
+22.22
+22.78
+23.33
+23.89
+24.44
+25.00
+25.56
+26.11
+26.67
+27.22
+27.78
+28.33
+28.89
+29.44
+30.00
+30.56
+31.11
+31.67
+32.22
+32.78
+33.33
+33.89
+34.44
+35.00
+35.56
+36.11
+36.67
+37.22
+37.78
+38.33
+38.89
+39.44
+40.00
+40.56
+41.11
Page 61
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLES
ºF
+224.6
+226.4
+228.2
+230.0
+231.8
+233.6
+235.4
+237.2
+239.0
+240.8
+242.6
+244.4
+246.2
+248.0
+249.8
+251.6
+253.4
+255.2
+257.0
+258.8
+260.6
+262.4
+264.2
+266.0
+267.8
+269.6
+271.4
+273.2
+275.0
+276.8
+278.6
+280.4
+282.2
+284.0
+285.8
+287.6
+289.4
+291.2
+293.0
+294.8
+296.6
+298.4
+300.2
+302.0
+303.8
+305.6
+307.4
+309.2
+311.0
+312.8
+314.6
+316.4
+318.2
+320.0
+321.8
+323.6
+325.4
+327.2
+329.0
+330.8
Reading in
ºF or ºC
to be converted
ºC
ºF
Reading in
ºF or ºC
to be converted
+107
+108
+109
+110
+111
+112
+113
+114
+115
+116
+117
+118
+119
+120
+121
+122
+123
+124
+125
+126
+127
+128
+129
+130
+131
+132
+133
+134
+135
+136
+137
+138
+139
+140
+141
+142
+143
+144
+145
+146
+147
+148
+149
+150
+151
+152
+153
+154
+155
+156
+157
+158
+159
+160
+161
+162
+163
+164
+165
+166
+41.67
+42.22
+42.78
+43.33
+43.89
+44.44
+45.00
+45.56
+46.11
+46.67
+47.22
+47.78
+48.33
+48.89
+49.44
+50.00
+50.56
+51.11
+51.67
+52.22
+52.78
+53.33
+53.89
+54.44
+55.00
+55.56
+56.11
+56.67
+57.22
+57.78
+58.33
+58.89
+59.44
+60.00
+60.56
+61.11
+61.67
+62.22
+62.78
+63.33
+63.89
+64.44
+65.00
+65.56
+66.11
+66.67
+67.22
+67.78
+68.33
+68.89
+69.44
+70.00
+70.56
+71.11
+71.67
+72.22
+72.78
+73.33
+73.89
+74.44
+332.6
+334.4
+336.2
+338.0
+339.8
+341.6
+343.4
+345.2
+347.0
+348.8
+350.6
+352.4
+354.2
+356.0
+357.8
+359.6
+361.4
+363.2
+365.0
+366.8
+368.6
+370.4
+372.2
+374.0
+375.8
+377.6
+379.4
+381.2
+383.0
+384.8
+386.6
+388.4
+390.2
+392.0
+393.8
+395.6
+397.4
+399.2
+401.0
+402.8
+404.6
+406.4
+408.2
+410.0
+411.8
+413.6
+415.4
+417.2
+419.0
+420.8
+422.6
+424.4
+426.2
+428.0
+431.6
+435.2
+438.8
+442.4
+446.0
+449.6
+167
+168
+169
+170
+171
+172
+173
+174
+175
+176
+177
+178
+179
+180
+181
+182
+183
+184
+185
+186
+187
+188
+189
+190
+191
+192
+193
+194
+195
+196
+197
+198
+199
+200
+201
+202
+203
+204
+205
+206
+207
+208
+209
+210
+211
+212
+213
+214
+215
+216
+217
+218
+219
+220
+222
+224
+226
+228
+230
+232
ºC
+75.00
+75.56
+76.11
+76.67
+77.22
+77.78
+78.33
+78.89
+79.44
+80.00
+80.56
+81.11
+81.67
+82.22
+82.78
+83.33
+83.89
+84.44
+85.00
+85.56
+86.11
+86.67
+87.22
+87.78
+88.33
+88.89
+89.44
+90.00
+90.56
+91.11
+91.67
+92.22
+92.78
+93.33
+93.89
+94.44
+95.00
+95.56
+96.11
+96.67
+97.22
+97.78
+98.33
+98.89
+99.44
+100.00
+100.56
+101.11
+101.67
+102.22
+102.78
+103.33
+103.89
+104.44
+105.56
+106.67
+107.78
+108.89
+110.00
+111.11
Page 62
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLES
ºF
Reading in
ºF or ºC
to be converted
+453.2
+456.8
+460.4
+464.0
+467.6
+471.2
+474.8
+478.4
+482.0
+485.6
+489.2
+492.8
+496.4
+500.0
+503.6
+507.2
+510.8
+514.4
+518.0
+521.6
+525.2
+528.8
+532.4
+536.0
+539.6
+543.2
+546.8
+550.4
+554.0
+557.6
+561.2
+564.8
+568.4
+572.0
+575.6
+579.2
+582.8
+586.4
+590.0
+593.6
+597.2
+600.8
+604.4
+608.0
+611.6
+234
+236
+238
+240
+242
+244
+246
+248
+250
+252
+254
+256
+258
+260
+262
+264
+266
+268
+270
+272
+274
+276
+278
+280
+282
+284
+286
+288
+290
+292
+294
+296
+298
+300
+302
+304
+306
+308
+310
+312
+314
+316
+318
+320
+322
ºC
+112.22
+113.33
+114.44
+115.56
+116.67
+117.78
+118.89
+120.00
+121.11
+122.22
+123.33
+124.44
+125.56
+126.67
+127.78
+128.89
+130.00
+131.11
+132.22
+133.33
+134.44
+135.56
+136.67
+137.78
+138.89
+140.00
+141.11
+142.22
+143.33
+144.44
+145.56
+146.67
+147.78
+148.89
+150.00
+151.11
+152.22
+153.33
+154.44
+155.56
+156.67
+157.78
+158.89
+160.00
+161.11
ºF
Reading in
ºF or ºC
to be converted
+669.2
+672.8
+676.4
+680.0
+683.6
+687.2
+690.8
+694.4
+698.0
+701.6
+705.2
+708.8
+712.4
+716.0
+719.6
+723.2
+726.8
+730.4
+734.0
+737.6
+741.2
+744.8
+748.4
+752.0
+755.6
+759.2
+762.8
+766.4
+770.0
+773.6
+777.2
+780.8
+784.4
+788.0
+791.6
+795.2
+798.8
+802.4
+806.0
+809.6
+813.2
+816.8
+820.4
+824.0
+827.6
+354
+356
+358
+360
+362
+364
+366
+368
+370
+372
+374
+376
+378
+380
+382
+384
+386
+388
+390
+392
+394
+396
+398
+400
+402
+404
+406
+408
+410
+412
+414
+416
+418
+420
+422
+424
+426
+428
+430
+432
+434
+436
+438
+440
+442
°F = 9/5 x °C + 32°
°C = 5/9 (°F — 32°)
ºC
+178.89
+180.00
+181.11
+182.22
+183.33
+184.44
+185.56
+186.67
+187.78
+188.89
+190.00
+191.11
+192.22
+193.33
+194.44
+195.56
+196.67
+197.78
+198.89
+200.00
+201.11
+202.22
+203.33
+204.44
+205.56
+206.67
+207.78
+208.89
+210.00
+211.11
+212.22
+213.33
+214.44
+215.56
+216.67
+217.78
+218.89
+220.00
+221.11
+222.22
+223.33
+224.44
+225.56
+226.67
+227.78
Page 63
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
CONVERSION OF PERCENT SALT IN SALT
WATER TO PARTS PER MILLION
Per Cent
Salt
Parts per
Million
Milligrams
per Liter
½
1
2
5,000
10,000
20,000
5,020
10,050
20,250
3
4
5
30,000
40,000
50,000
30,700
41,100
52,000
6
7
8
60,000
70,000
80,000
62,500
73,000
84,500
9
10
11
90,000
100,000
110,000
95,000
107,100
118,500
12
13
14
120,000
130,000
140,000
130,300
142,000
154,100
15
16
17
150,000
160,000
170,000
166,500
178,600
191,000
18
19
20
180,000
190,000
200,000
203,700
216,500
229,600
21
22
23
210,000
220,000
230,000
243,000
256,100
270,000
24
25
26
240,000
250,000
260,000
279,500
283,300
311,300
The parts per million column is true parts per million by weight of the salt
solution.
It is quite common for many laboratories, analyzing water samples, to
report milligrams of salt per liter as parts per million. If it is known that
an analysis is reported in this way, the milligram per liter column should
be used in converting to percent salt rather than the parts per million
column. At low concentrations the error of using the incorrect column is
very small. At high concentrations the error is appreciable unless the
correct column is used.
Page 64
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
1.01
2.04
3.09
4.17
5.26
6.38
8.70
11.11
13.64
16.28
19.05
21.95
25.00
28.21
31.58
35.14
Density
of Solution†
Lbs./Gal.
kg/m3
8.34
8.38
8.45
8.51
8.57
8.62
8.68
8.81
8.93
9.06
9.18
9.31
9.44
9.57
9.71
9.84
9.98
1998
1005
1013
1020
1027
1034
1041
1056
1071
1086
1101
1116
1132
1148
1164
1180
1197
Specific†
Gravity
@ 20º C
Lbs./Gal.
of Water
0.998
1.005
1.013
1.020
1.027
1.034
1.041
1.056
1.071
1.086
1.101
1.116
1.132
1.148
1.164
1.180
1.197
0.08
0.17
0.26
0.35
0.44
0.53
0.73
0.93
1.14
1.36
1.59
1.83
2.09
2.35
2.63
2.93
* Precipitation @ –17ºC, 1.4ºF **Precipitation @ –2.3ºC, 27.9ºF
† Density in kg/L and kg/dm3 is equal in numerical value to specific gravity.
Weight of Salt
Lbs./Bbl.
of Water
3.54
7.15
10.82
14.61
18.42
22.35
30.47
38.92
47.78
57.03
66.73
76.89
87.57
98.81
110.62
123.09
kg/m3
of Water
Yield of
Solution
ºF
Freeze Point
ºC
10.08
20.36
30.85
41.63
52.51
63.69
86.85
110.90
136.16
162.51
190.16
219.11
249.56
281.60
315.24
350.78
1.000
1.005
1.008
1.011
1.015
1.018
1.022
1.029
1.038
1.047
1.056
1.067
1.077
1.089
1.101
1.115
1.129
30.9
29.9
28.8
27.7
26.2
25.3
22.9
20.2
17.3
14.1
10.6
6.7
2.4
– 2.5
+ 1.4*
+27.9*
–10.6
–11.2
–11.8
–12.4
–13.0
–13.7
–15.1
–16.6
–18.2
–19.9
–11.9
–14.0
–16.5
–19.2
–17.0*
–12.3*
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
Percent
Sodium Chloride
by Weight
of
of
Solution
Water
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS
Percent
Calcium
Chloride
by Wt. of
by Wt. of
Solution
Water
—
1.01
2.04
3.09
4.17
5.26
11.11
17.65
25.00
33.33
42.86
53.85
66.67
8.34
8.41
8.47
8.54
8.61
8.69
9.04
9.44
9.82
10.24
10.69
11.15
11.72
998
1008
1015
1024
1032
1042
1084
1132
1178
1228
1282
1337
1405
Specific*
Gravity
@ 20º C
0.998
1.008
1.015
1.024
1.032
1.042
1.084
1.132
1.178
1.228
1.282
1.337
1.405
—
0.08
0.17
0.26
0.35
0.44
0.93
1.47
2.09
2.78
3.57
4.49
5.56
—
3.54
7.15
10.82
14.61
18.42
38.92
61.74
87.57
116.76
149.94
188.58
233.52
—
10.08
20.36
30.85
41.63
52.51
110.90
176.19
249.56
332.71
427.84
537.55
665.52
Yield of
Solution
1.000
1.002
1.004
1.006
1.008
1.012
1.024
1.040
1.060
1.090
1.114
1.151
1.186
Freeze Point
ºF
ºC
32.
31.1
30.2
29.7
28.4
27.7
22.3
13.5
–10.4
–20.6
–49.0
—
—
0.0
–10.5
–11.0
–11.3
–12.0
–12.4
–15.4
–10.3
–18.0
–29.2
–45.0
—
—
Page 65
* Density in kg/L and kg/dm3 is equal in numerical value to specific gravity.
Weight of Anhydrous
Calcium Chloride
Lbs./Gal.
Lbs./Bbl.
Kg/m3
of Water
of Water
of Water
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.2
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
Density
of Solution*
Lbs./Gal.
kg/m3
Page 66
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS
Percent
Potassium Chloride
by Weight
of Solution of Water
1.01
2.04
3.09
4.17
6.38
8.70
11.11
13.64
16.28
19.05
21.95
25.00
28.21
31.58
36.05
8.34
8.38
8.43
8.48
8.54
8.65
8.75
8.87
8.98
9.10
9.21
9.33
9.45
9.57
9.69
9.82
998
1005
1011
1017
1024
1037
1050
1063
1077
1091
1104
1119
1133
1147
1162
1178
Sp. Gr.†
@ 20º C
0.998
1.005
1.011
1.017
1.024
1.037
1.050
1.063
1.077
1.091
1.104
1.119
1.113
1.147
1.162
1.178
Weight of
Potassium Chloride
Lbs./Gal.
Lbs./Bbl.
kg/m3
of Water
of Water
of Water
—
0.08
0.17
0.26
0.35
0.53
0.73
0.93
1.14
1.36
1.59
1.83
2.09
2.35
2.63
3.01
* Precipitates
† Density in kg/L and kg/dm3 is equal in numerical value to specific gravity.
—
3.54
7.15
10.82
14.61
22.35
30.47
38.92
47.78
57.03
66.73
76.89
87.57
98.81
110.62
126.28
kg of
Pottassium
per m3
of Water
kg of
Chloride
per m3
of Water
Freeze Point
ºF
ºC
—
—
—
—
—
10.08
20.36
30.85
41.63
63.69
86.85
110.90
136.16
162.51
190.16
219.11
249.56
281.60
315.24
359.86
5.27
10.6
16.0
21.5
32.6
44.0
55.8
67.8
80.0
92.6
105.4
118.8
132.1
146.3
163.7
4.78
9.6
14.5
19.5
29.6
39.8
50.5
61.4
72.5
84.0
95.5
107.8
119.8
132.6
148.5
31.2
30.3
29.5
28.7
27.0
25.2
23.3
21.4
19.3
17.4
14.9
15.0
32.6
52.0*
78.3*
–10.44
–10.94
–11.39
–11.83
–12.78
–13.78
–14.83
–15.89
–17.06
–18.11
–19.50
–19.44
10.33
11.11*
25.72*
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
0
1
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26.5
Density
of Solution†
Lbs./Gal.
kg/m3
Page 67
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
API GRAVITY CONVERSION TABLE
API
Gravity
15% HCL
10 (Water)
12
15
18
Specific*
Gravity
Density*
Lbs./Gal.
Kg/m3
Pressure Gradient
PSI/Ft.
kPa/m
1.0750
1.0000
.9861
.9659
.9465
8.962
8.337
8.221
8.053
7.891
1075.0
1000.0
986.1
965.9
946.5
.4654
.4330
.4270
.4182
.4098
10.547
9.807
9.670
9.472
9.282
20
22
24
26
28
.9340
.9218
.9100
.8984
.8871
7.787
7.685
7.587
7.490
7.396
934.0
921.8
910.0
898.4
887.1
.4044
.3991
.3940
.3890
.3841
9.159
9.044
8.924
8.810
8.700
30
31
32
33
34
.8762
.8708
.8654
.8602
.8550
7.305
7.260
7.215
7.171
7.128
876.2
870.8
865.4
860.2
855.0
.3794
.3771
.3747
.3725
.3702
8.592
8.539
8.487
8.436
8.385
35
36
37
38
39
.8498
.8448
.8398
.8348
.8299
7.085
7.043
7.001
6.960
6.919
849.8
844.8
839.8
834.8
829.9
.3680
.3658
.3638
.3615
.3593
8.334
8.284
8.235
8.187
8.139
40
41
42 (Diesel)
43
44
.8251
.8203
.8156
.8109
.8063
6.879
6.839
6.800
6.760
6.722
825.1
820.3
815.6
810.9
806.3
.3573
.3552
.3532
.3511
.3491
8.091
8.044
7.998
7.952
7.907
46
48
50
55
60
.7972
.7883
.7796
.7587
.7389
6.646
6.572
6.500
6.325
6.160
797.2
788.3
779.6
758.7
738.9
.3452
.3413
.3376
.3285
.3200
7.818
7.731
7.645
7.440
7.246
*Density in kg/L and kg/dm3 are equal in value to specific
gravity.
141.5
Sp gr @ 60°F =
131.5 + API Gravity
API Gravity =
141.5
- 131.5
Sp gr @ 60°F
Page 68
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
DETERMINE THE API GRAVITY OF AN OIL
Use the API Hydrometer and obtain the gravity of the oil. At
the same time obtain the temperature of the oil. The gravity
should be reported in API* at 60ºF. If the temperature of the
oil is not 60ºF., a correction must be made. If the oil is
above 60ºF., the correction is (–) minus. If the oil is below
60ºF., the correction is (+) plus.
The correction is 1º API for every 10ºF. over or under 60ºF.
(15.56ºC.)*
Example:
Temperature above 60ºF.
Observed API Gravity
= 35.2º API
Observed Temperature
= 77ºF.
Correction is (–) minus
77-60
temperature is above 60ºF. =
= 1.7
Correction
10
The API Gravity corrected to 60ºF., is:
35.2 – 1.7 = 33.5º API @ 60ºF.
Temperature below 60ºF.
Observed API Gravity
= 38.3º API
Observed Temperature
= 51.0ºF.
Correction is (+) plus as
60-51
temperature is below 60ºF., =
= 0.9
Correction
10
The API Gravity corrected to 60ºF., is:
38.3 + 0.9 = 39.2º API @ 60ºF.
* Must convert Celsius (°C) to Fahrenheit (F°) for this
correction. See Section 240, pages 9, 10 and 11 for
temperature conversions.
Page 69
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
STANDARDS FOR
METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS
The following conversion factors are those published by
the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) in
E380-76. These same units may be found in literature
published by all U.S. Technical Societies, i.e., API Bulletin
2563, American National Standards Institute ANSIZ 210.1,
Society of Petroleum Engineers, The Canadian Petroleum
Association (CPA) and others.
The metric units and conversion factors adopted by the
ASTM are based on the “International System of Units”
(designated SI for Systeme International d'Unites), fixed by
the International Committee for Weights and Measures. This
system has been adopted by the International Organization
for Standardization in ISO Recommendation R-31.
Conversion factors herein are written as a number equal
to or greater than one and less than ten with six or less
decimal places. This number is followed by the letter E (for
exponent), a plus or minus symbol, and two digits which
indicate the power of 10 by which the number must be
multiplied to obtain the correct value. For example:
(1) 3.523 907 E–02 is 3.523 907 x 10–2
or
0.035 239 07
(2) 3.386 389 E+03 is 3.386 389 x 103
or
3 387.389
(3) Further examples of conversion are:
To convert from:
To
multiply by:
pound-force per square foot
Pa
4.788 026 E+01
inch
m
2.540 000 E–0
1 lbf/ft2 = 47.880 26 Pa
1 inch = 0.0254 m (exactly)
3.048 000 *E–01
9.806 650 *E+00
1.000 000 *E–02
2.540 000 *E–02
1.745 329 *E–02
2.908 882 *E–04
4.848 137 *E=06
4.046 873 *E+03
1.000 000 *E+02
1.000 000 *E–28
5.067 075 *E–10
9.290 304 *E–02
1.000 000 *E+04
6.451 600 *E–04
2.589 988 *E+06
2.589 988 *E+06
(see footnote 1)
(see footnote 1)
8.361 274 *E–01
.............................................
.............................................
.............................................
.............................................
ACCELERATION
meter per second 2 (m/s2)
meter per second 2 (m/s2)
meter per second 2 (m/s2)
meter per second 2 (m/s2)
ANGLE
radian (rad) ...................................................................
radian (rad) ........................................... ........................
radian (rad) ........................................... ........................
AREA
(m2) ...................................................................
(m2) ...................................................................
(m2) ...................................................................
(m2) ...................................................................
(m2) ...................................................................
(m2) ...................................................................
(m2) ...................................................................
(m2) ...................................................................
(m2) ...................................................................
(m2) ...................................................................
(m2) ...................................................................
(m2) ...................................................................
ft/s 2 ..........................................................................
free fall, standard (g) ...............................................
gal ............................................................................
in/s2 ..........................................................................
degree (angle) ..........................................................
minute (angle) ..........................................................
second (angle) ..........................................................
acre (U.S. survey)1 .................................................
are ............................................................................
barn ..........................................................................
circular mil ................................................................
ft 2 .............................................................................
hectar .......................................................................
in2 .............................................................................
mi2 (international) ....................................................
mi2 (U.S. survey)1 ..................................................
section .....................................................................
township ...................................................................
yd 2 ............................................................................
meter2
meter 2
meter 2
meter2
meter 2
meter 2
meter 2
meter2
meter2
meter2
meter2
meter 2
Multiply by
To
To convert from
CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS
Page 70
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS
To convert from
To
Multiply by
1.000 000 *E–07
9.806 650 *E+00
7.061 552 *E–03
1.129 848 *E–01
1.355 818 *E+00
BENDING MOMENT OR TORQUE PER UNTIT LENGTH
lbf • ft/in ....................................................................................
newton meter per meter (N•m/m) ....................................................
lbf • ft/in ....................................................................................
newton meter per meter (N•m/m) ....................................................
5.337 866 *E+01
4.448 222 *E+00
CAPACITY
(See Volume)
DENSITY
(See Mass Per Unit Volume)
ESU means electrostatic cgs unit. EMU means electromagnetic cgs unit.
8
1.000 000 *E+01
1.000 000 *E+01
1.000 000 *E+09
1.000 000 *E–09
1.000 000 *E–09
1.000 000 *E–09
1.000 000 *E–08
3.600 000 *E+03
1.000 000 *E+09
1.000 000 *E+01
1.000 000 *E–08
Page 71
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM8
abampere .................................................................................
ampere (A) ....................................................................................
abcoulomb ................................................................................
coulomb (C) ..................................................................................
abfarad .....................................................................................
farad (F) ........................................................................................
abhenry ....................................................................................
henry (H) .......................................................................................
abmho ......................................................................................
siemens (S) ...................................................................................
abohm ......................................................................................
ohm (Ω) .........................................................................................
abvolt .......................................................................................
volt (V) ..........................................................................................
ampere hour .............................................................................
coulomb (C) ..................................................................................
EMU of capacitance .................................................................
farad (F) ........................................................................................
EMU of current ........................................................................
ampere (A) ....................................................................................
EMU of electric potential ..........................................................
volt (V) ..........................................................................................
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
BENDING MOMENT OR TORQUE
dyne • cm .................................................................................
newton meter (N•m) .......................................................................
kgf • m .....................................................................................
newton meter (N•m) .......................................................................
ozf • in .....................................................................................
newton meter (N•m) .......................................................................
lbf • in ......................................................................................
newton meter (N•m) .......................................................................
lbf • in ......................................................................................
newton meter (N•m) .......................................................................
Page 72
CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS
To convert from
To
Multiply by
1.000 000 *E–09
1.000 000 *E–09
1.112 650 *E–12
3.335 650 *E–10
2.997 950 *E+12
8.987 554 *E+11
8.987 554 *E+11
9.648 700 *E+04
9.649 570 *E+04
9.652 190 *E+04
1.000 000 *E–09
1.000 000 *E–04
7.957 747 *E–01
1.000 000 *E–08
1.000 000 *E+00
7.957 747 *E+01
1.000 000 *E–02
1.662 426 *E–03
3.335 640 *E–10
3.335 640 *E–10
1.112 650 *E–12
8.987 554 *E+11
1.112 650 *E–12
8.987 554 *E+11
2.997 925 *E+02
1.256 637 *E–07
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM8 (Cont'd)
EMU of inductance ....................................................................
henry (H) .......................................................................................
EMU of resistance ....................................................................
ohm (Ω) .........................................................................................
ESU of capacitance ...................................................................
farad (F) ........................................................................................
ESU of current ..........................................................................
ampere (A) ....................................................................................
ESU of electric potential ............................................................
volt (V) ..........................................................................................
ESU of inductance .....................................................................
henry (H) .......................................................................................
ESU of resistance .....................................................................
ohm (Ω) .........................................................................................
faraday (based on carbon-12) ....................................................
coulomb (C) ..................................................................................
faraday (chemical) .....................................................................
coulomb (C) ..................................................................................
faraday (physical) ......................................................................
coulomb (C) ..................................................................................
gamma ......................................................................................
tesla (T) ........................................................................................
gauss .......................................................................................
tesla (T) ........................................................................................
gilbert .......................................................................................
ampere (A) ....................................................................................
maxwell .....................................................................................
weber (Wb) ....................................................................................
mho ...........................................................................................
siemens (S) ...................................................................................
oersted ......................................................................................
ampere per meter (A/m) .................................................................
ohm centimeter ..........................................................................
ohm meter (Ω m) ............................................................................
ohm circular-mil per foot ............................................................
ohm millimeter2 per meter (Ω mm2/m) ............................................
statampere ................................................................................
ampere (A) ....................................................................................
statcoulomb ...............................................................................
coulomb (C) ..................................................................................
statfarad ....................................................................................
farad (F) ........................................................................................
stathenry ...................................................................................
henry (H) .......................................................................................
statmho .....................................................................................
siemens (S) ...................................................................................
statohm .....................................................................................
ohm (Ω) .........................................................................................
statvolt ......................................................................................
volvt (V) .........................................................................................
unit pole ....................................................................................
weber (Wb) ....................................................................................
CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS
Multiply by
British thermal unit (International Table)3 ..................................
British thermal unit (mean) .......................................................
British thermal unit (thermochemical) ........................................
British thermal unit (39ºF) ........................................................
British thermal unit (59ºF) ........................................................
British thermal unit (60ºF) ........................................................
calorie (International Table) ......................................................
calorie (mean) ..........................................................................
calorie (thermochemical) ..........................................................
calorie (15ºC) ..........................................................................
calorie (20ºC) ..........................................................................
calorie (kilogram, International Table) .......................................
calorie (kilogram, mean) ...........................................................
calorie (kilogram, thermochemical) ...........................................
electrovolt ................................................................................
erg ..........................................................................................
ft • lbf .......................................................................................
ft • poundal ...............................................................................
kilocalorie (International Table) .................................................
kilocalorie (mean) .....................................................................
kilocalorie (thermochemical) .....................................................
kW • h ......................................................................................
therm .......................................................................................
ton (nuclear equivalent of TNT) ................................................
W • h ........................................................................................
W • s ........................................................................................
ENERGY
(Includes Work)
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
joule (J) .........................................................................................
1.055 056 *E+03
1.055 876 *E+03
1.054 350 *E+03
1.059 670 *E+03
1.054 800 *E+03
1.054 680 *E+03
4.186 800 *E+00
4.190 020 *E+00
4.184 000 *E+00
4.185 800 *E+00
4.181 900 *E+00
4.186 800 *E+03
4.190 020 *E+03
4.184 000 *E+03
1.602 190 *E–19
1.000 000 *E–07
1.355 818 *E+00
4.214 011 *E–02
4.186 800 *E+03
4.190 020 *E+03
4.184 000 *E+03
3.600 000 *E+06
1.055 056 *E+08
4.184 020 *E+0920
3.600 000 *E+03
1.000 000 *E+00
Page 73
To
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
To convert from
Page 74
CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS
To convert from
To
Multiply by
1.134 893 *E+04
1.891 489 *E+02
3.152 481 *E+00
1.634 246 *E+06
6.973 333 *E+02
1.000 000 *E+03
1.000 000 *E+03
1.550 003 *E+03
FLOW
(See Mass Per Unit Time or Volume Per Unit Time)
dyne .........................................................................................
kilogram-force ..........................................................................
kilopond ....................................................................................
kip (1000lbf) .............................................................................
ounce-force ..............................................................................
pound-force (lbf)7 .....................................................................
lbf/lb (thrust/weight (mass) ratio) ..............................................
poundal ....................................................................................
ton-force (2000 lbf) ...................................................................
FORCE
newton (N) ....................................................................................
newton (N) ....................................................................................
newton (N) ....................................................................................
newton (N) ....................................................................................
newton (N) ....................................................................................
newton (N) ....................................................................................
newton per kilogram (N/kg) ............................................................
newton (N) ....................................................................................
newton (N) ....................................................................................
1.000 000 *E–05
9.806 650 *E+00
9.806 650 *E+00
4.448 222 *E+03
2.780 139 *E–01
4.448 222 *E+00
9.806 650 *E+00
1.382 550 *E–01
8.896 444 *E+03
FORCE PER UNIT AREA
(See Pressure)
lbf/ft ..........................................................................................
lbf/in .........................................................................................
FORCE PER UNIT LENGTH
newton per meter (N/m) .................................................................
newton per meter (N/m) .................................................................
1.459 390 *E+01
1.751 268 *E+02
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
ENERGY PER UNIT AREA TIME
Btu (thermochemical)/ft2•s ........................................................
watt per meter2 (W/m2) ...................................................................
Btu (thermochemical)/ft2•min ....................................................
watt per meter2 (W/m2) ...................................................................
Btu (thermochemical)/ft2•h ........................................................
watt per meter2 (W/m2) ...................................................................
Btu (thermochemical)/in2•s .......................................................
watt per meter2 (W/m2) ...................................................................
2
watt per meter2 (W/m2) ...................................................................
cal (thermochemical)/cm •min ..................................................
erg/(cm2•s) ..............................................................................
watt per meter2 (W/m2) ...................................................................
2
W/cm ......................................................................................................................................................
watt per meter2 (W/m2) ...................................................................
2
W/in .........................................................................................................................................................
watt per meter2 (W/m2) ..................................................................
CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS
To convert from
Multiply by
HEAT
watt per meter kelvin (W/m • K) .......................................................
1.730 735 *E+00
watt per meter kelvin (W/m • K) .......................................................
1.729 577 *E+00
watt per meter kelvin (W/m • K) .......................................................
1.442 279 *E–01
1.441 314 *E–01
watt per meter kelvin (W/m • K) .......................................................
5.192 204 *E+02
watt per meter kelvin (W/m • K) .......................................................
joule per meter2 (J/m2) ...................................................................
joule per meter2 (J/m2) ...................................................................
5.188 732 *E+02
1.135 653 *E+04
1.134 893 *E+04
watt per meter2 kelvin (W/m2 • K) ....................................................
5.678 263 *E+00
watt per meter2 kelvin (W/m2 • K) ....................................................
watt per meter2 kelvin (W/m2 • K) ....................................................
watt per meter2 kelvin (W/m2 • K) ....................................................
joule per kilogram (J/kg) ................................................................
watt per kilogram (J/kg) .................................................................
joule per kilogram kelvin (J/kg • K) .................................................
joule per kilogram kelvin (J/kg • K) .................................................
watt per meter kelvin (W/m • K) .......................................................
joule per meter2 (J/m2) ...................................................................
watt per meter2 (W/m2) ...................................................................
watt per meter2 (W/m2) ...................................................................
joule per kilogram (J/kg) ................................................................
joule per kilogram (J/kg) ................................................................
5.674 466 *E+00
2.044 175 *E+04
2.042 808 *E+04
2.326 000 *E+03
2.324 444 *E+03
4.186 800 *E+03
4.184 000 *E+03
4.184 000 *E+02
4.184 000 *E+04
6.973 333 *E+02
4.184 000 *E+04
4.186 800 *E+03
4.186 000 *E+03
Page 75
watt per meter kelvin (W/m • K) .......................................................
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
Btu (International Table) •ft/h • ft2 • ºF (k, thermal
conductivity) .......................................................................
Btu (thermochemical) •ft/h • ft2 • ºF (k, thermal
conductivity) .......................................................................
Btu (International Table) •in/h • ft2 • ºF (k, thermal
conductivity) .......................................................................
Btu (thermochemical) •in/h • ft2 • ºF (k, thermal
conductivity) .......................................................................
Btu (International Table) •in/s • ft2 • ºF (k, thermal
conductivity) .......................................................................
Btu (thermochemical) •in/s • ft2 • ºF (k, thermal
conductivity) .......................................................................
Btu (International Table) ft2 .................................................................................................
Btu (thermochemical)/ft2 .......................................................................................................
Btu (International Table) •h • ft2 • ºF (C, thermal
conductance) ......................................................................
Btu (thermochemical)/h • ft2 • ºF (C, thermal
conductance) ......................................................................
Btu (International Table)/s • ft2 • ºF ............................................
Btu (thermochemical)/s • ft2 • ºF ...............................................
Btu (International Table)/lb ........................................................
Btu (thermochemical)/lb ............................................................
Btu (International Table)/lb • ºF (c, heat capacity) ......................
Btu (thermochemical)/lb • ºF (c, heat capacity) ..........................
cal (thermochemical)/cm • s • ºC ..............................................
cal (thermochemical)/cm2 ....................................................................................................
cal (thermochemical)/cm2 • min ................................................
cal (thermochemical)/cm2 • s ....................................................
cal (International Table)/g .........................................................
cal (thermochemical)/g ............................................................
To
Page 76
CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS
To
Multiply by
cal (International Table)/g • ºC ..................................................
cal (thermochemical)/g • ºC .....................................................
cal (thermochemical)/min .........................................................
cal (thermochemical)/s .............................................................
clo ..........................................................................................
ºF • h • ft2/Btu (International Table) (R, thermal resistance) .......
ºF • h • ft2/Btu (thermochemical) (R, thermal resistance) ...........
ft2/hl (thermal diffusivity) ............................................................
HEAT (Cont'd)
joule per kilogram kelvin (J/kg • K) .................................................
joule per kilogram kelvin (J/kg • K) .................................................
watt (W) .........................................................................................
watt (W) .........................................................................................
kelvin meter2 per watt (K • m2/W) ....................................................
kelvin meter2 per watt (K • m2/W) ....................................................
kelvin meter2 per watt (K • m2/W) ....................................................
meter2 per second (m2/s) ...............................................................
4.186 800 *E+03
4.184 000 *E+03
6.973 333 *E–02
4.184 000 *E+00
2.003 712 *E–01
1.761 102 *E–01
1.762 280 *E–01
2.580 640 *E–05
angstrom .................................................................................
astronomical unit2 ..................................................................................................................
caliber (inch) ...........................................................................
fathom ......................................................................................
fermi (femtometer) ....................................................................
foot ..........................................................................................
foot (U.S. survey)2 ..................................................................................................................
inch ..........................................................................................
league .....................................................................................
light year ..................................................................................
microinch .................................................................................
micron .....................................................................................
mil ..........................................................................................
mile (international nautical ........................................................
mile (U.K. nautical) ..................................................................
mile (U.S. nautical) ..................................................................
mile (international) ...................................................................
mile (statute) ............................................................................
LENGTH
meter (m) ......................................................................................
meter (m) ......................................................................................
meter (m) ......................................................................................
meter (m) ......................................................................................
meter (m) ......................................................................................
meter (m) ......................................................................................
meter (m) ......................................................................................
meter (m) ......................................................................................
meter (m) ......................................................................................
meter (m) ......................................................................................
meter (m) ......................................................................................
meter (m) ......................................................................................
meter (m) ......................................................................................
meter (m) ......................................................................................
meter (m) ......................................................................................
meter (m) ......................................................................................
meter (m) ......................................................................................
meter (m) ......................................................................................
1.000 000 *E–10
1.495 979 *E+10
2.540 000 *E–02
1.828 879 *E+00
1.000 000 *E–15
3.048 000 *E–01
3.048 006 *E–01
2.540 000 *E–02
(see footnote 1)
9.460 550 *E+15
2.540 000 *E–08
1.000 000 *E–06
2.540 000 *E–05
1.852 000 *E+03
1.853 184 *E+03
1.852 000 *E+03
1.609 344 *E+03
1.609 384 *E+03
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
To convert from
CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS
Multiply by
mile (U.S. survey)1 ................................................................................................................
parsec13 ..........................................................................................................................................
pica (printer’s) .........................................................................
point (printer’s) ........................................................................
rod ...........................................................................................
yard ..........................................................................................
LENGTH (Cont’d)
meter (m) ......................................................................................
meter (m) ......................................................................................
meter (m) ......................................................................................
meter (m) ......................................................................................
meter (m) ......................................................................................
meter (m) ......................................................................................
1.609 347 *E+03
3.085 678 *E+16
4.217 518 *E–03
3.514 598 *E–04
(see footnote 1)
9.144 000 *E–01
footcandle ................................................................................
footlambert ...............................................................................
lambert .....................................................................................
LIGHT
lux (lx) ...........................................................................................
candela per meter2 (cd/m2) ............................................................
candela per meter2 (cd/m2) ............................................................
1.076 391 *E+01
3.426 259 *E+00
3.183 099 *E+03
carat (metric) ...........................................................................
grain ........................................................................................
gram ........................................................................................
hundredweight (long) ...............................................................
hundredweight (short) ..............................................................
kgf • s2/m (mass) ......................................................................
ounce (avoirdupois) ..................................................................
ounce (troy or apothecary) ........................................................
pennyweight .............................................................................
pound (lb avoirdupois)6 ......................................................................................................
pound (troy or apotheary) ..........................................................
slug .........................................................................................
ton (assay) ...............................................................................
ton (long, 2240 lb) ....................................................................
ton (metric) ..............................................................................
ton (short, 2000 lb) ...................................................................
tonne ........................................................................................
MASS
kilogram (kg) .................................................................................
kilogram (kg) .................................................................................
kilogram (kg) .................................................................................
kilogram (kg) .................................................................................
kilogram (kg) .................................................................................
kilogram (kg) .................................................................................
kilogram (kg) .................................................................................
kilogram (kg) .................................................................................
kilogram (kg) .................................................................................
kilogram (kg) .................................................................................
kilogram (kg) .................................................................................
kilogram (kg) .................................................................................
kilogram (kg) .................................................................................
kilogram (kg) .................................................................................
kilogram (kg) .................................................................................
kilogram (kg) .................................................................................
kilogram (kg) .................................................................................
2.000 000 *E–04
6.479 891 *E–05
1.000 000 *E–03
5.080 235 *E+01
4.535 924 *E+01
9.806 659 *E+00
2.834 952 *E–02
3.110 348 *E–02
1.555 174 *E–03
4.535 924 *E–01
3.732 417 *E–01
1.459 390 *E+01
2.916 667 *E–02
1.016 047 *E+03
1.000 000 *E+03
9.071 847 *E+02
1.000 000 *E+03
Page 77
To
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
To convert from
Page 78
CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS
To convert from
To
Multiply by
3.051 517 *E–01
3.390 575 *E–02
4.882 428 *E+00
MASS PER UNIT CAPACITY
(See Mass Per Unit Volume)
denier ......................................................................................
lb/ft ..........................................................................................
lb/in ..........................................................................................
tex ............................................................................................
MASS PER UNIT LENGTH
kilogram per meter (kg/m) ..............................................................
kilogram per meter (kg/m) ..............................................................
kilogram per meter (kg/m) ..............................................................
kilogram per meter (kg/m) ..............................................................
1.111 111 *E–07
1.488 164 *E+00
1.785 797 *E+01
1.000 000 *E–06
perm (0º C) ..............................................................................
perm (23º C) ............................................................................
perm • in (0º C) ........................................................................
perm • (23º C) ..........................................................................
lb/h ..........................................................................................
lb/min .......................................................................................
lb/s ..........................................................................................
lb/hp • h (SFC, specific fuel consumption ..................................
ton (short)/h .............................................................................
MASS PER UNIT TIME
(Includes Flow)
kilogram per pacsal second meter2 (kg/Pa • s • m2) ........................
kilogram per pacsal second meter2 (kg/ Pa • s • m2) ......................
kilogram per pacsal second meter (kg/ Pa • s • m) ..........................
kilogram per pacsal second meter (kg/ Pa • s • m) ..........................
kilogram per second (kg/s) ............................................................
kilogram per second (kg/s) ............................................................
kilogram per second (kg/s) ............................................................
kilogram per joule (kg/J) ................................................................
kilogram per second (kg/s) ............................................................
5.721 350 *E–07
5.745 250 *E–11
1.453 220 *E–12
1.459 290 *E–12
1.259 290 *E–12
7.559 873 *E–03
4.535 924 *E–01
1.689 659 *E–07
2.519 958 *E–01
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
oz/ft2 ........................................................................................
oz/yd2 ......................................................................................
lb/ft2 .........................................................................................
MASS PER UNIT AREA
kilogram per meter2 (kg/m2) ...........................................................
kilogram per meter2 (kg/m2) ...........................................................
kilogram per meter 2 (kg/m2) ...........................................................
CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS
To convert from
To
Multiply by
POWER
watt (W) .........................................................................................
watt (W) .........................................................................................
watt (W) .........................................................................................
watt (W) .........................................................................................
watt (W) .........................................................................................
watt (W) .........................................................................................
watt (W) .........................................................................................
watt (W) .........................................................................................
watt (W) .........................................................................................
watt (W) .........................................................................................
watt (W) .........................................................................................
watt (W) .........................................................................................
watt (W) .........................................................................................
watt (W) .........................................................................................
2.930 711 *E–01
1.055 056 *E+03
2.928 751 *E–01
1.757 250 *E+01
1.054 350 *E+03
6.973 333 *E–02
4.184 000 *E+00
1.000 000 *E–07
3.766 161 *E–04
2.259 697 *E–02
1.355 818 *E+00
7.456 999 *E+02
9.809 500 *E+03
7.460 000 *E+02
Btu (International Table)/h .........................................................
Btu (International Table)/s .........................................................
Btu (thermochemical)/h ............................................................
Btu (thermochemical)/min .........................................................
Btu (thermochemical)/s ............................................................
cal (thermochemical)/min .........................................................
cal (thermochemical)/s .............................................................
erg/s ........................................................................................
ft • lbf/h .....................................................................................
ft • lbf/min .................................................................................
ft • lbf/s .....................................................................................
horsepower (550 ft • lbf/s) .........................................................
horsepower (boiler) ..................................................................
horsepower (electric) ...............................................................
Page 79
1.711 806 *E–02
1.000 000 *E+03
6.236 021 *E+00
7.489 152 *E+00
1.729 994 *E+03
1.601 846 *E+01
2.767 990 *E+04
9.977 633 *E+01
1.198 264 *E+02
5.932 764 *E–01
5.153 788 *E+02
1.328 939 *E+03
1.186 553 *E+03
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
MASS PER UNIT VOLUME
(Includes Desnity and Mass Capacity)
grain (lb avoirdupois/7000)/gal (U.S. liquid) .............................
kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3) ...........................................................
g/cm3 ................................................................................................................................................
kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3) ...........................................................
oz (avoirdupois)/gal (U.K. liquid) .............................................
kilogram per meter 3 (kg/m3) ...........................................................
oz (avoirdupois)/gal (U.S. liquid) .............................................
kilogram per meter 3 (kg/m3) ...........................................................
oz (avoirdupois)/in3 ...............................................................................................................
kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3) ...........................................................
lb/ft3 ....................................................................................................................................................
kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3) ...........................................................
3
kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3) ...........................................................
lb/in ...................................................................................................................................................
lb/gal (U.K. liquid) ...................................................................
kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3) ...........................................................
lb/gal (U.S. liquid) ...................................................................
kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3) ...........................................................
lb/yd3 ..................................................................................................................................................
kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3) ...........................................................
slug/ft3 .............................................................................................................................................
kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3) ...........................................................
3
kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3) ...........................................................
ton (long)/yd ..............................................................................................................................
ton (short)/yd3 ............................................................................................................................
kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3) ...........................................................
Page 80
CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS
To
Multiply by
horsepower (metric) .................................................................
horsepower (water) ..................................................................
horsepower (U.K.) ....................................................................
kilocalorie (thermochemical)/min ..............................................
kilocalorie (thermochemical)/s ..................................................
ton (refrigeration) .....................................................................
POWER (Cont’d)
watt (W) .........................................................................................
watt (W) .........................................................................................
watt (W) .........................................................................................
watt (W) .........................................................................................
watt (W) .........................................................................................
watt (W) .........................................................................................
7.354 999 *E+02
7.460 430 *E+02
7.457 000 *E+02
6.973 333 *E+01
4.184 000 *E+03
3.516 800 *E+03
atmosphere (standard) .............................................................
atmosphere (technical = 1 kgf/cm2) ...........................................
bar ...........................................................................................
centimeter of mercury (º C) .......................................................
centimeter of water (4º C) .........................................................
dyne/cm2 .........................................................................................................................................
foot of water (39.2º F) ...............................................................
gram-force/cm2 ........................................................................................................................
inch of mercury (32º F) .............................................................
inch of mercury (60º F) .............................................................
inch of water (39.2º F) ..............................................................
inch of water (60º F) .................................................................
kgf/cm2 .............................................................................................................................................
kgf/m2 ................................................................................................................................................
kgf/mm2 ...........................................................................................................................................
kip/in2 (ksi) ...............................................................................
millibar .....................................................................................
millimeter of mercury (0º C) ......................................................
poundal/ft2 .....................................................................................................................................
lbf/ft2 ...................................................................................................................................................
PRESSURE OR STRESS
(Force Per Unit Area)
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
1.013 250 *E+05
9.806 650 *E+04
1.000 000 *E+05
1.333 222 *E+03
9.806 382 *E+01
1.000 000 *E–01
2.988 982 *E+03
9.806 650 *E+01
3.386 382 *E+03
3.376 852 *E+03
2.490 822 *E+02
2.488 422 *E+02
9.806 650 *E+04
9.806 650 *E+00
9.806 650 *E+06
6.894 757 *E+06
1.000 000 *E+02
1.333 227 *E+02
1.488 164 *E+00
4.788 026 *E+01
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
To convert from
CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS
To convert from
To
Multiply by
PRESSURE OR STRESS (Cont’d)
lbf/in2 (psi) ...............................................................................
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
psi ...........................................................................................
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
torr (mm Hg, 0º C) ...................................................................
pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................
6.894 757 *E+03
6.894 757 *E+03
1.333 227 *E+02
STRESS
(See Pressure)
TEMPERATURE
kelvin (K) .......................................................................................
degree Celsius ..............................................................................
kelvin (K) .......................................................................................
kelvin (K) .......................................................................................
degree Celsium .............................................................................
tK = toC + 273.15
toC = (toF – 32)/1.8
tK = (toF – 459.67)/1.8
tK = toR/1.8
toc = tK – 273.15
day (mean solar) ......................................................................
day (sidereal) ...........................................................................
hour (mean solar) .....................................................................
day (sidereal) ...........................................................................
minute (mean solar) .................................................................
minute (sidereal) ......................................................................
month (mean calendar) .............................................................
second (sidereal) .....................................................................
year (365 days) .........................................................................
year (sidereal ...........................................................................
year (tropical) ...........................................................................
TIME
second (s) .....................................................................................
second (s) .....................................................................................
second (s) .....................................................................................
second (s) .....................................................................................
second (s) .....................................................................................
second (s) .....................................................................................
second (s) .....................................................................................
second (s) .....................................................................................
second (s) .....................................................................................
second (s) .....................................................................................
second (s) .....................................................................................
8.640 000 *E+04
8.616 409 *E+04
3.600 000 *E+03
3.590 170 *E+03
6.000 000 *E+01
5.983 617 *E+01
2.628 000 *E+06
9.972 696 *E–01
3.153 600 *E+07
3.155 815 *E+07
3.155 693 *E+07
Page 81
degree Celsius ........................................................................
degree Fahrenheit ....................................................................
degree Fahrenheit ....................................................................
degree Rankine ........................................................................
kelvin ........................................................................................
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
SPEED
(See Velocity)
Page 82
CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS
To convert from
To
Multiply by
TORQUE
(See Bending Moment)
centipoise ................................................................................
centistokes ...............................................................................
ft2/s ..........................................................................................
poise ........................................................................................
poundal • s/ft2 .............................................................................................................................
lb/ft • h .....................................................................................
lb/ft • s .....................................................................................
lb/ft • h2 ............................................................................................................................................
lbf • in2 .............................................................................................................................................
rhe ...........................................................................................
slug/ft • s .................................................................................
stokes ......................................................................................
* Although speedometers may read km/h, the correct SI unit is m/s.
VELOCITY
(Includes Speed)
meter per second (m/s) ..................................................................
meter per second (m/s) ..................................................................
meter per second (m/s) ..................................................................
meter per second (m/s) ..................................................................
meter per second (m/s) ..................................................................
meter per second (m/s) ..................................................................
meter per second (m/s) ..................................................................
meter per second (m/s) ..................................................................
meter per second (m/s) ..................................................................
kilometer per hour (km/h)* ..............................................................
8.466 667 *E–05
5.080 000 *E–03
3.048 000 *E–01
2.540 000 *E–02
2.777 778 *E–01
5.144 444 *E–01
4.470 400 *E–01
2.682 240 *E+01
1.609 344 *E+03
1.609 344 *E+00
VISCOSITY
pascal second (Pa • s) ...................................................................
meter2 per second (m2/s) ...............................................................
meter2 per second (m2/s) ...............................................................
pascal second (Pa • s) ...................................................................
pascal second (Pa • s) ...................................................................
pascal second (Pa • s) ...................................................................
pascal second (Pa • s) ...................................................................
pascal second (Pa • s) ...................................................................
pascal second (Pa • s) ...................................................................
1 per pascal second (1/Pa • s) .......................................................
pascal second (Pa • s) ...................................................................
meter2 per second (m2/s) ...............................................................
1.000 000 *E–03
1.000 000 *E–06
9.290 304 *E–02
1.000 000 *E–01
1.488 164 *E+00
4.133 789 *E–04
1.488 164 *E+00
4.788 026 *E–01
6.894 757 *E+03
1.000 000 *E+01
4.788 026 *E+01
1.000 000 *E–04
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
ft/h ...........................................................................................
ft/min ........................................................................................
ft/s ...........................................................................................
in/s ..........................................................................................
km/h .........................................................................................
knot (international) ....................................................................
mi/h (international) ...................................................................
mi/min (international) ................................................................
mi/s (international) ...................................................................
mi/h (international) ...................................................................
CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS
Multiply by
acre-foot (U.S. survey)1 ....................................................................................................
barrel (oil, 42 gal) ....................................................................
board foot .................................................................................
bushel (U.S.) ...........................................................................
cup ..........................................................................................
fluid ounce (U.S.) .....................................................................
ft3 ..........................................................................................................................................................
gallon (Canadian liquid) ...........................................................
gallon (U.K. liquid) ..................................................................
gallon (U.S. dry) ......................................................................
gallon (U.S. liquid) ..................................................................
gill (U.K.) ................................................................................
gill (U.S.) ................................................................................
in3 (U.K.) .................................................................................
litre (see footnote 5) .................................................................
ounce (U.K. fluid) .....................................................................
ounce (U.S. fluid) .....................................................................
peck (U.S.) ...............................................................................
pint (U.S. dry) ...........................................................................
pint (U.S. liquid) ......................................................................
quart (U.S. dry) ........................................................................
quart (U.S. liquid) ....................................................................
stere ........................................................................................
tablespoon ................................................................................
teaspoon ..................................................................................
ton (register) ...........................................................................
yd3 ........................................................................................................................................................
VOLUME
(Includes Capacity)
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter 3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter 3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter 3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................
1.233 489 *E+03
1.589 873 *E–01
2.359 737 *E–03
3.523 907 *E–02
2.365 882 *E–04
2.957 353 *E–05
2.831 685 *E–02
4.546 090 *E–03
4.546 092 *E–03
4.404 884 *E–03
3.785 412 *E–03
1.420 654 *E–04
1.182 941 *E–04
1.638 706 *E–05
1.000 000 *E–03
2.841 307 *E–05
2.957 353 *E–05
8.809 768 *E–03
5.506 105 *E–04
4.731 765 *E–04
1.101 221 *E–03
9.463 529 *E–04
1.000 000 *E+00
1.478 676 *E–05
4.928 922 *E–06
2.831 685 *E+00
7.645 549 *E–01
Page 83
To
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
To convert from
Page 84
CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS
To convert from
To
Multiply by
4.719 474 *E–04
2.831 685 *E–02
1.410 089 *E–09
2.731 177 *E–07
1.274 258 *E–02
4.381 264 *E–08
6.309 020 *E–05
WORK
(See Energy)
(1) “Units and Systems of Weights and Meausres. Their Origin,
Development, and Present Status,” NBS Letter Circ, LC 1035, January
1960, amended January 1976.
(2) “NBS Guidelines for Use of the Metric System,” NBS LC 1056, August
1975.
(3) Chart–“The Modernized Metric System” NBS Spec. Publ. 304,
1972.
(4) Mechtly, E A, “The International System of Units–Physical Constants
and Conversion Factors,” National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Publication SP-7012. Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.
(5) McNish, A G, “The International System of Units,” Materials Research and Standards, Am, Soc, Testing Mats., Vol. 5, No. 10, October
1965.
(6) “Changing to the Metric System, Conversion Factors, Symbols,
Definitions,” Nat. Physical Lab., Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,
London, England, 1965.
(7) Metric Standards for Engineering, British Standard Handbook No. 18
(1972).
(8) Hvistendahl, H S, Engineering Units and Physical Quantities,
Macmillan and Co. Ltd., London, 1964.
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
VOLUME PER UNIT TIME
(Includes Flow)
meter3 per second (m3/s) ...............................................................
ft3/min ......................................................................................
ft3/s ..........................................................................................
meter3 per second (m3/s) ...............................................................
gallon (U.S. liquid)/hp • h (SFC, specific fuel consumption .......
meter3 per joule (m3/J) ..................................................................
3
in /min .....................................................................................
meter3 per second (m3/s) ...............................................................
yd3/min .....................................................................................
meter3 per second (m3/s) ...............................................................
gallon (U.S. liquid) per day .......................................................
meter3 per second (m3/s) ...............................................................
gallon (U.S. liquid) per minute ..................................................
meter3 per second (m3/s) ...............................................................
Page 85
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
CONVERSION CONSTANTS
MULTIPLY
BY
AND OBTAIN
Barrels
Barrels
Barrels
Cu. Ft.
Cu. Ft.
x
x
x
x
x
5.6146
9702
42.0
1728
0.037037
=
=
=
=
=
Cu. Ft.
Cu. In.
Gal.
Cu. In.
Cu. Yd.
Cu. Ft.
Cu. Ft.
Cu. Ft./Min.
Cu. Ft./Min.
Cu. Ft.–Water
x
x
x
x
x
7.4805
0.1781
0.1781
10.686
62.31*
=
=
=
=
=
Gal.
Bbls. (42 Gal.)
Bbls./Min.
Bbls./Hr.
Pounds
Cu. In.
Cu. In.
Cu. In.
Cu. Yd.
Cu. Yd.
x
x
x
x
x
0.0005787
0.004329
0.0001031
27.0
201.977
=
=
=
=
=
Cu. Ft.
Gal.
Bbls.
Cu. Ft.
Gal.
Gal.–Water
Gal.
Gals./Lb.
Lbs./Gal.
Specific Gravity
Specific Gravity
x
x
x
x
x
x
8.33*
0.13368
8.345
0.119839
62.42
8.345
=
=
=
=
=
=
Pounds
Cu. Ft.
Litres/Kg.
Kg./Litres
Lbs./Cu. Ft.
Lbs./Gal.
Feet
x
0.3048
Feet
Feet
Inch
Inch
Miles
x
x
x
x
x
Miles/Hr.
Sq. In.
Sq. Ft.
Pounds–Water
Pounds–Water
x
x
x
x
x
Horsepower
Horsepower
Square of Dia.
x 33000
x
550
x
0.7854
3.048
30.48
2.54
25.4
5280
*Water at 20ºC, (68ºF.)
**Water at 4°C. (39.2°F.)
1.4666
0.006944
144
0.12005*
0.016048*
=
Metres
=
=
=
=
=
Decimeters
Centimeters
Centimeters
Millimeters
Feet
=
=
=
=
=
Ft./Sec.
Sq. Ft.
Sq. In.
Gal.–Water
Cu. Ft. Water
=
=
=
Ft. Lbs./Min.
Ft. Lbs./Sec.
Area of Circle
Page 86
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
FRACTIONAL INCHES
TO: DECIMAL INCHES/MILLIMETERS
Fractional
Inches
Decimal
Inches
Millimeters
1/1000
2/1000
3/1000
.001000
.002000
.003000
0.02540
0.05080
0.07620
4/1000
5/1000
6/1000
.004000
.005000
.006000
0.10160
0.12700
0.15240
7/1000
8/1000
9/1000
.007000
.008000
.009000
0.17780
0.20320
0.22860
10/1000
15/1000
.010000
.015000
0.25400
0.38100
1/64
1/32
3/64
.015625
.031250
.046875
0.39687
0.79375
1.19061
1/16
5/64
3/32
7/64
.062500
.078125
.093750
.109375
1.58750
1.98437
2.38125
2.77813
1/8
9/64
5/32
11/64
.125000
.140625
.156250
.171875
3.17500
3.57187
3.96875
4.36563
3/16
13/64
7/32
15/64
.187500
.203125
.218750
.234375
4.76250
5.15937
5.55625
5.95313
1/4
17/64
9/32
19/64
.250000
.265625
.281250
.296875
6.35000
6.74687
7.14375
7.54063
5/16
21/64
11/32
23/64
.312500
.328125
.343750
.359375
7.93750
8.33437
8.73125
9.12813
3/8
25/64
13/32
27/64
.375000
.390625
.406250
.421875
9.52500
9.92187
10.31875
10.71563
7/16
29/64
15/32
31/64
.437500
.453125
.468750
.484375
11.11250
11.50938
11.90625
12.30313
1/2
33/64
.500000
.515625
12.70000
13.09687
Fractional
Inches
Decimal
Inches
Millimeters
17/32
35/64
.531250
.546875
13.49375
13.89063
9/16
37/64
19/32
39/64
.562500
.578125
.593750
.609375
14.28750
14.68437
15.08125
15.47813
5/8
41/64
21/32
43/64
.625000
.640625
.656250
.671875
15.87500
16.27187
16.66875
17.06563
11/16
45/64
23.32
47/64
.687500
.703125
.718750
.734375
17.46250
17.85937
18.25625
18.65313
3/4
49/64
25/32
51/64
.750000
.765625
.781250
.796875
19.05000
19.44687
19.84375
20.24063
13/16
53/64
27/32
55/64
.812500
.828125
.843750
.859375
20.63750
21.03437
21.43125
21.82813
7/8
57/64
29/32
59/64
.875000
.890625
.906250
.921875
22.22500
22.62187
23.01875
23.41563
15/16
61/64
31/32
63/64
.937500
.953125
.968750
.984375
23.81250
24.20937
24.60625
25.00313
1 in.
2 in.
3 in.
11.0 in.
12.0 in.
13.0 in.
25.40000
50.80000
76.20000
4 in.
5 in.
6 in.
14.0 in.
15.0 in.
16.0 in.
101.60000
127.00000
152.40000
7 in.
8 in.
9 in.
17.0 in.
18.0 in.
19.0 in.
177.80000
203.20000
228.60000
10 in.
11 in.
12 in.
10.0 in.
11.0 in.
12.0 in.
254.00000
279.40000
304.80000
13 in.
14 in.
15 in.
13.0 in.
14.0 in.
15.0 in.
330.20000
355.60000
381.00000
Page 87
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
Page 88
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
Page 89
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS
Page 90
ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS