FORMAT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH
THE PRELIMINARIES_
Rib Page
Title Page
Approval Sheet
Acknowledgement (maximum of 2 pages)
Dedication
Abstract (maximum of 250 words)
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
This section presents the prevailing circumstances concerning the research problem. It also discusses the other
similar studies and projects conducted by others to address the same.
It is important to cite here that despite several researches done in past, there are still problems or gaps in the
technology, practice or information. This is where the statement of the problem is embedded; hence, conduct of
the study is justified.
Objectives of the Study
This presents the general and specific objectives of the study. The general objective is stated in paragraph form,
stating what the problem is all about, and what the researcher aims to achieve in general. Next, the researcher
enumerates the specific objectives. This covers the 1) things he expects to generate based on the specific
parameters considered; and the relationship between variables (parameters), if any.
Framework of the Study
The way ideas are organized to achieve a research project's purpose (discusses the IPOO Schematic Diagram)
Input  Process  Output  Outcome
Scope and Limitation of the study
This section explains the scope of the study. For example, the study will be conducted to measure only the growth
performance of the experimental plants and that the experiment will be conducted during the dry months rather
than the months when rain is evenly distributed. It also explains the limitations of the study such as if the plants will
grow in 9”x 16” polyethylene bags and not on the open field.
Significance of the Study
Here the significant contribution of the results of the study is elaborated. For instance, cit in what way the
practitioners will benefit from the results of the study. Similarly, if the policymakers can make use of the results to
create laws regarding the same, they must also be explained.
Definition of Terms
This includes the operational definition of variables (parameters) and other important terms used in the study that
may have different meanings and interpretations in other fields.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
All gathered literatures related to the study must be included in this section under theme or subject matter
discussed. This includes relevant concept, ideas, observation, beliefs or methodologies obtained from past or
existing studies (the nearest prior art). All these prior art information are logically synthesized to establish research
gaps and problems which he study aims to address. If possible, the nearest prior art (one only) must be identified as
necessary depending on the nature of the study. Addition of prior art must have significant bearing on the current
study and not complicate it.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
Write here the introduction of the chapter.
Designing
Performance
and Evaluating
and Pilot Testing
This design is for the
This design is purposely for the conduct
Development of new Product or of Study on comparing the
Process
Performance existing Devices. Pilot
testing sees if the prototype is working
in Industrial scale.
Research Design
Research Design
Design Criteria
Design Criteria
Design Plan Preparation
Description of the devise
And Fabrication
or Machine to be tested
Evaluation
Test Procedure
Procedure
Instrumentation
Instrumentation
Performance Parameters
Data to be Gathered
Data To Be Gathered
Parameters for Analysis
Statistical Data Analysis (if any)
Cost Analysis
User Manual/Workbook
User Manual/Workbook
Software Designing
And Development
This design is purposely for Software
development in ICT research.
Research Design
Design Criteria
Software Life Cycle Model
Software Development Phases
Requirement Phases
a. Planning
b. Analysis
c. Design Phase
d. Coding
e. Testing Phase
1. Initial Testing
2. Final testing
User Manual/Workbook
Note: Researchers may choose from these designs presented depending on the nature of their study.
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSES, PRESENTATION
ANALYSES INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter must follow this order—presentation and analysis of research output based on the objectives
(followed by a table, if any, for reference). Hence, include the observation on any similarities between the current
findings and those of other studies based on the parameters established and cite their implications to the entire
study.
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This section summarizes all portions of the study—from the objectives to subjects to methodology and results and
findings.
Conclusions
This section presents the synthesis of key points based from the findings of the research.
Recommendations
This includes two major recommendations, namely: 1) how the results of the study can be used, and 2) what
relevant areas can be further studied.
REFERENCES
Under the American Psychological Association (APA) Style, all entries are arranged alphabetically, with the family
name first of the first author (in case of multi- authored source) followed by the initials of the first names and
middle names of the co-authors, all in uppercase. List all entries in hanging indention, single- spaced. See samples
below.
Book
DAY RA. 1995. How to Write and Publish Scientific Papers, 4th Ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Portion of a Book
HIRANO S. 1996.”Chitin biotechnology applications” in Biotechnology Annual Review Vol. 2.
El- Grevery MR, ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 237-258.
Journal
MATTHEWS RE. 1982. “Classification and nomenclature of viruses.” Intervirology 17 ( I ): 1-199.
MOJICA ERE. 2007.”Copper oxide as mediator for the amperometric determination of hydrogen
peroxide.” Philippine Journal of Science 136 ( I ): 25-32.
Internet
VANDENBUSSCHE, F., R. PIERIK, F.F. MILLENAAR, L.,A.C.J.VOESENEK and D. VAN DER STRATETEN. 2005. “Reaching
out of the shade.” Retrieved on Oct. 23, 2006 fromwww.sciencedirect.com.
http://www.answers.com/topic/cytokinin. Retrieved Oct. 10, 2006.
Published by
The Research Management Council
Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges
Region VI –Western Visayas
January 2011